query: when was the ampersand removed from the alphabet

pos: Ampersand o, g—dog" would be clear but simply saying "a—a" would be confusing without the clarifying "per se" added. It was also common practice to add the "&" sign at the end of the alphabet as if it were the 27th letter, pronounced as the Latin "et" or later in English as "and". As a result, the recitation of the alphabet would end in "X, Y, Z, "and per se and"". This last phrase was routinely slurred to "ampersand" and the term had entered common English usage by 1837. However, in contrast to the 26 letters, the ampersand does not represent

pos: Ampersand o, g—dog" would be clear but simply saying "a—a" would be confusing without the clarifying "per se" added. It was also common practice to add the "&" sign at the end of the alphabet as if it were the 27th letter, pronounced as the Latin "et" or later in English as "and". As a result, the recitation of the alphabet would end in "X, Y, Z, "and per se and"". This last phrase was routinely slurred to "ampersand" and the term had entered common English usage by 1837. However, in contrast to the 26 letters, the ampersand does not represent

neg: Ampersand is usually made up of a number of different name–value pairs, each separated by the ampersand symbol, &. For example, codice_10. Ampersand The ampersand is the logogram &, representing the conjunction "and". It originated as a ligature of the letters "et"—Latin for "and". The word "ampersand" is a corruption of the phrase "and "per se" & (and)", meaning "and by itself "and" (represented by the symbol &)". Traditionally, when reciting the alphabet in English-speaking schools, any letter that could also be used as a word in itself ("A", "I", and, at one point, "O") was repeated with the Latin expression

neg: Ampersand Ampersand The ampersand is the logogram &, representing the conjunction "and". It originated as a ligature of the letters "et"—Latin for "and". The word "ampersand" is a corruption of the phrase "and "per se" & (and)", meaning "and by itself "and" (represented by the symbol &)". Traditionally, when reciting the alphabet in English-speaking schools, any letter that could also be used as a word in itself ("A", "I", and, at one point, "O") was repeated with the Latin expression "per se" ("by itself"). This habit was useful in spelling where a word or syllable was repeated after spelling; e.g. "d,

neg: Ampersand made extensive use of both the italic and Roman ampersands. Since the ampersand's roots go back to Roman times, many languages that use a variation of the Latin alphabet make use of it. The ampersand often appeared as a character at the end of the Latin alphabet, as for example in Byrhtferð's list of letters from 1011. Similarly, "&" was regarded as the 27th letter of the English alphabet, as taught to children in the US and elsewhere. An example may be seen in M. B. Moore's 1863 book "The Dixie Primer, for the Little Folks". In her 1859 novel

neg: Ampersand "Adam Bede", George Eliot refers to this when she makes Jacob Storey say: "He thought it <nowiki>[Z]</nowiki> had only been put to finish off th' alphabet like; though ampusand would ha' done as well, for what he could see." The popular Apple Pie ABC finishes with the lines "X, Y, Z, and ampersand, All wished for a piece in hand". The ampersand should not be confused with the Tironian "et" ("⁊"), which has the same meaning, but which in appearance resembles the numeral "7". Both symbols have their roots in the classical antiquity, and both signs were used throughout the

neg: Ampersand a speech sound—although other characters that were dropped from the English alphabet did, such as the Old English thorn, wynn, and eth. Through popular etymology, it has been falsely claimed that André-Marie Ampère used the symbol in his widely read publications and that people began calling the new shape "Ampère's and". The ampersand can be traced back to the 1st century A.D. and the Old Roman cursive, in which the letters E and T occasionally were written together to form a ligature (Evolution of the ampersand - figure 1). In the later and more flowing New Roman Cursive, ligatures of

neg: Ampersand Mountain used until 1970, when the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation closed it, as it had become more cost-effective to spot fires using aircraft. The tower was removed in July, 1977. There is a memorial near the summit to hermit Walter Channing Rice, who manned the fire tower from 1915 to 1923. Ampersand was the first mountain that wilderness activist and explorer Bob Marshall climbed, in 1915, when he was 14. In 1925, Marshall, his brother George and Herbert K. Clark became the first to climb all 46 of the Adirondack peaks over , becoming the first Adirondack Forty-Sixers.

neg: Q with stroke Q with stroke Q with stroke (Ꝗ, ꝗ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from writing the letter Q with the addition of a bar through the letter's descender. The letter was used by scribes during the Middle Ages, where it was employed primarily as an abbreviationa modern parallel of this would be abbreviating the word "and" with an ampersand (&). The letter was also used to write some modern languages. Between 1928 and 1938 it was used in the Lezgin language, but that language now uses a Cyrillic alphabet without the letter. The Dargin language was also

neg: Mandaic alphabet letter of the alphabet is the digraph "adu" ("da" + "ya"), the relative particle (cf. Arabic tāʾ marbūṭah, Coptic letter "ti", and English ampersand). In addition to normal joining behavior, some Mandaic letters can combine to form various ligatures: Both "adu" () and the old ligature kḏ () are treated as single characters in Unicode. Postclassical and modern Mandaic use many Persian words. Various Mandaic letters can be re-purposed by placing two horizontally-aligned dots underneath (). This idea is comparable to the four novel letters in the Persian alphabet, allowing the alphabet to be used to represent foreign sounds (whether

neg: Basic Latin (Unicode block) or alteration of the character repertoire. The C0 Controls and Basic Latin block contains six subheadings. The C0 Controls, referred to as C0 ASCII control codes in version 1.0, are inherited from ASCII and other 7-bit and 8-bit encoding schemes. The Alias names for C0 controls are taken from the standard. This subheading refers to standard punctuation characters, simple mathematical operators, and symbols like the dollar sign, percent, ampersand, underscore, and pipe. The ASCII Digits subheading contains the standard European number characters 1–9 and 0. The Uppercase Latin alphabet subheading contains the standard 26-letter unaccented Latin alphabet in the majuscule.

neg: English alphabet 24 letters of the Latin alphabet first (including ampersand), then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironian note "ond" (⁊), an insular symbol for "and": In the orthography of Modern English, thorn (þ), eth (ð), wynn (ƿ), yogh (), ash (æ), and ethel (œ) are obsolete. Latin borrowings reintroduced homographs of ash and ethel into Middle English and Early Modern English, though they are largely obsolete (see "Ligatures in recent usage" below), and where they are used they are not considered to be separate letters (e.g. for collation purposes), but rather ligatures. Thorn and eth were both replaced by

neg: Ampersand text when using the default (Computer Modern) fonts. In Microsoft Windows menus, labels, and other captions, the ampersand is used to denote the keyboard shortcut for that option (Alt + that letter, which appears underlined). A double ampersand is needed in order to display a real ampersand. This convention originated in the first WIN32 api, and is used in Windows Forms, (but not WPF, which uses underscore _ for this purpose) and is also copied into many other tookits on multiple operating systems. Sometimes this causes problems similar to other programs that fail to sanitize markup from user input, for

neg: Ampersand In the latter case, they both contributed enough significant material to the screenplay to receive credit but did not work together. In APA style, the ampersand is used when citing sources in text such as (Jones & Jones, 2005). In the list of references, an ampersand precedes the last author's name when there is more than one author. (This does not apply to MLA style, which calls for the "and" to be spelled.) The phrase "et cetera" ("and so forth"), usually written as "etc." can be abbreviated "&c." representing the combination "et" + "c(etera)". The ampersand can be used to

neg: Ampersand which tells the assembler to replace a macro parameter or text macro name with its actual value. Ampersand is the name of a programming language, which uses relation algebra to specify information systems. In SGML, XML, and HTML, the ampersand is used to introduce an SGML entity. The HTML and XML encoding for the ampersand character is the entity "codice_6". This can create a problem known as delimiter collision when converting text into one of these markup languages. For instance, when putting URLs or other material containing ampersands into XML format files such as RSS files the & must be

neg: Q with stroke other letters of interest to scholars of medieval manuscripts, was added to the Unicode Standard in 2006 after a request by Michael Everson. It resides in the Latin Extended-D block of the Basic Multilingual Plane. Q with stroke Q with stroke (Ꝗ, ꝗ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from writing the letter Q with the addition of a bar through the letter's descender. The letter was used by scribes during the Middle Ages, where it was employed primarily as an abbreviationa modern parallel of this would be abbreviating the word "and" with an ampersand (&). The letter

neg: Ampersand is . It is almost always available on keyboard layouts, sometimes on or . On the AZERTY keyboard layout, is an unmodified keystroke, positioned above . In URLs, the ampersand must be replaced by codice_1 when representing a string character to avoid interpretation as a URL syntax character. In the 20th century, following the development of formal logic, the ampersand became a commonly used logical notation for the binary operator or sentential connective "AND". This usage was adopted in computing. Many languages with syntax derived from C, including C++, Perl, and more differentiate between: In C, C++, and Go, a

neg: Cornwall Coliseum continued until early 2003 when only the Gossips nightclub remained open, until its closure too shortly after. Ampersand acquired the venue in 2002 and aimed to create a privately funded world-class resort of 500 top-class apartments, with the main obstacle being the need for better sea defences. Despite clear plans of a 200 million blueprint, no work had taken place due to legal battles and public enquiries. Since then the coliseum has increasingly declined and was partly demolished from the inside. The roof was also removed, exposing the venue to open weather. The site remains out-of-bounds to the public and

neg: Ampersand Network opportunity to 'volunteer their feet' for not-for-profit organisations with a proven track record in utilising young volunteers. In 2007, Ampersand partnered with yconnect? to promote the Walk and raise funds for the Australian Red Cross. The Ampersand Network's website was last updated in April 2011. Two of its directors were Victorian finalists in the Young Australian of the Year. In 2004, The Ampersand Network was applauded for its work in The Australian Senate. In 2005, The Ampersand Network was the recipient of an Anti-Poverty Award for Young Victorians. Ampersand Network The Ampersand Network was a not-for-profit organisation, committed to improving

neg: Ampersand Network Ampersand Network The Ampersand Network was a not-for-profit organisation, committed to improving the appeal and accessibility of volunteering for young people in Australia. Ampersand was founded on the belief that exposing young people to social and environmental need will produce a more broad-minded and socially engaged generation of leaders than might otherwise emerge. Since its launch in 2005, the Ampersand Network has provided access to over 5,000 volunteer opportunities Australia wide, and hundreds more with international development agencies abroad, such as Australian Volunteers International, Students Partnership Worldwide and Global Vision International. Each year, the Ampersand Walk gives young Australians the

neg: The Seven Professors of the Far North who lives in Edinburgh. His home is filled with contraptions, inventions, and unusual features. He once worked with Professor Murdo in the Arctic. Zara is the great-niece of Professor Ampersand. She is about twelve years old. Her parents died when she was very young, and she has lived with Ampersand in Edinburgh for most of her life. Ben is Zara's younger brother (about eleven years old) and was also adopted by Ampersand as a baby. Sam Carnabie is eleven years old. He lives with his parents in England. At the start of the book, his parents arrange for him to

neg: Ampersand Mountain Ampersand Mountain Ampersand Mountain is a mountain in Franklin County in the northeastern Adirondacks, west of the High Peaks in New York State. The trail up the mountain begins on New York State Route 3 southwest of the village of Saranac Lake, near Middle Saranac Lake; it is a popular day hike. The mountain takes its name from nearby Ampersand Creek, so named because it twists and turns like the ampersand symbol. The summit is bare rock, with extensive views of the High Peaks to the east and the Saranac Lakes to the west. W.W. Ely made the first recorded

neg: Ampersand Mountain Ampersand Mountain Ampersand Mountain is a mountain in Franklin County in the northeastern Adirondacks, west of the High Peaks in New York State. The trail up the mountain begins on New York State Route 3 southwest of the village of Saranac Lake, near Middle Saranac Lake; it is a popular day hike. The mountain takes its name from nearby Ampersand Creek, so named because it twists and turns like the ampersand symbol. The summit is bare rock, with extensive views of the High Peaks to the east and the Saranac Lakes to the west. W.W. Ely made the first recorded

neg: U (Cyrillic) itself a direct loan from the Greek alphabet, where the combination (omicron-upsilon) was also used to represent . Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form. Consequently, the form of the letter is derived from Greek upsilon , which was parallelly also taken over into the Cyrillic alphabet in another form, as Izhitsa . (The letter Izhitsa was removed from the Russian alphabet in the orthography reform of 1917/19.) It is normally romanised as "u", but in Kazakh, it is romanised as "w". In Tuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel. U (Cyrillic) U

neg: Logogram a variant of the Arabic alphabet. Logograms are used in modern shorthand to represent common words. In addition, the numerals and mathematical symbols are logograms – 1 'one', 2 'two', + 'plus', = 'equals', and so on. In English, the ampersand & is used for 'and' and (as in many languages) for Latin ' (as in &c for '), % for 'percent' ('per cent'), # for 'number' (or 'pound', among other meanings), § for 'section', $ for 'dollar', € for 'euro', £ for 'pound', ° for 'degree', @ for 'at', and so on. All historical logographic systems include a phonetic

neg: Picsearch nudity, pornography and violence is removed by an automatic filter. Picsearch also offers an image removal service for those wanting their images removed. Picsearch services include localization features to tailor the search service to regional markets. Picsearch currently supports the following languages: Latin alphabet, Chinese characters, Cyrillic script, Arabic alphabet, Indic scripts (Brahmic family), Hangul, Greek alphabet and Hebrew Alphabet. On the 22nd of March 2007, Picsearch implemented a new environmental policy making them the first carbon neutral search engine in the world. The Picsearch initiative was followed by promises from Yahoo in April and Google in June to go

neg: Ampersand replaced with & or they are considered not well formed, and computers will be unable to read the files correctly. SGML derived the use from IBM Generalized Markup Language, which was one of many IBM-mainframe languages to use the ampersand to signal a text substitution, eventually going back to System/360 macro assembly language. In the plain TeX markup language, the ampersand is used to mark tabstops. The ampersand itself can be applied in TeX with codice_7. The Computer Modern fonts replace it with an "E.T." symbol in the cmti"#"(text italic) fonts, so it can be entered as codice_8 in running

neg: Bulgarian alphabet was used until the orthographic reform of 1945, when the letters Ѣ, ѣ (called ят "yat" or двойно е/е-двойно "double e") and Ѫ, ѫ (called Голям юс "big yus", голяма носовка "big nasal sign", ъ кръстато "crossed ъ" or широко ъ "wide ъ"), were removed from the alphabet, reducing the number of letters to 30. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, the Cyrillic script became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek scripts. The following table gives the letters of the Bulgarian alphabet, along with the values

neg: Bulgarian language century during the efforts on the codification of Modern Bulgarian until an alphabet with 32 letters, proposed by Marin Drinov, gained prominence in the 1870s. The alphabet of Marin Drinov was used until the orthographic reform of 1945, when the letters Ѣ, ѣ (called "ят" 'yat' or "двойно е"/"е-двойно" 'double e'), and Ѫ, ѫ (called "Голям юс" 'big yus', "голяма носовка" 'big nasal sign', "ъ кръстато" 'crossed yer' or "широко ъ" 'long yer'), were removed from its alphabet, reducing the number of letters to 30. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became

neg: Jake the Dog playing the viola, which houses a worm called Shelby. The character has received largely positive critical reception. According to the series, Jake was conceived when his father, Joshua, was bitten by the shapeshifter, an extra-dimensional creature named Warren Ampersand, during a detective investigation with his wife Margaret, and was later born from a pustule on his father's head originating from the creature's bite. It is inferred that Jake's natural magical powers are a result of his biological relationship with Ampersand, though he himself is apparently unaware of the circumstances of his birth and instead believes his powers to be the

neg: English Braille first, the ampersand, is the same as usage in American Grade-2 Braille, and at least the dollar sign is different. The following text is the same in American Grade 2 and Unified English Braille: Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights English Braille English Braille, also known as "Grade 2 Braille", is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of 250 or so letters (phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Braille letters, such as , correspond to more than one letter in print. There are three levels of complexity in English Braille.

neg: KPS 9566 combines KPS 9566 with ASCII. This set includes mathematical operators, and some other symbols such as the ampersand, pilcrow, musical note and so forth. ASCII symbols (shown here with a heavy green border) may use alternative mappings to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block if used in an encoding which combines KPS 9566 with ASCII. This set includes a subset of ASCII, minus punctuation and symbols, comprising western Arabic numerals and both cases of the Basic Latin alphabet. Characters in this set may use alternative mappings to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block if used in an encoding which combines

neg: Tajik alphabet the Persian (Arabic) alphabet. The Persian alphabet was introduced into education and public life, although the banning of the Islamic Renaissance Party in 1993 slowed down the adoption. In 1999, the word "Fârsi" was removed from the state-language law. the "de facto" standard in use is a Cyrillic alphabet, and only a very small part of the population can read the Persian alphabet. The letters of the major versions of the Tajik alphabet are presented below, along with their phonetic values. There is also a comparative table below. A variant of the Persian alphabet (technically an abjad) is used to

neg: Etruria a series of Etruscan kings ruling at Rome until 509 BC when the last Etruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was removed from power and the Roman Republic was established. The Etruscans are credited with influencing Rome's architecture and ritual practice; it was under the Etruscan kings that important structures such as the Capitolium, Cloaca Maxima, and Via Sacra were realized. The Etruscan civilization was responsible for much of the Greek culture imported into early Republican Rome, including the twelve Olympian gods, the growing of olives and grapes, the Latin alphabet (adapted from the Greek alphabet), and architecture like the arch,

neg: English alphabet however, have a number of digraphs. The alphabet's current form originated from Latin script about the 7th century. Since then, various letters have been added, or removed, to give the current Modern English alphabet of 26 letters, each having an upper- and lower-case form: The alphabet was derived from an original series of sixteen characters, that emerged as a way to record spoken words. The English language itself was first written in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic alphabet, in use from the 5th century. This alphabet was brought to what is now England, along with the proto-form of the language itself,

neg: Short I centuries. Since the middle of the 17th century, the differentiation between and is obligatory in the Russian variant of Church Slavonic orthography (used for the Russian language as well). During the alphabet reforms of Peter I, all diacritic marks were removed from the Russian writing system, but shortly after his death, in 1735, the distinction between and was restored. was not officially considered a separate letter of the alphabet until the 1930s. Because was considered to be a vowel and not a consonant, it was not required to take a hard sign when it came at the end of a

neg: Arabic alphabet Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet ( ', or ') or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing Arabic. It is written from right to left in a cursive style and includes 28 letters. Most letters have contextual letterforms. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad, with only consonants, but it is now considered an "impure abjad". As with other "abjads", such as the Hebrew alphabet, scribes later devised means of indicating vowel sounds by separate vowel diacritics. The basic Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters. Adaptations of the Arabic script for other languages added and removed some

neg: Ampersand prefix "&" is a unary operator denoting the address in memory of the argument, "e.g." codice_2. In C++ and PHP, unary prefix & before a formal parameter of a function denotes pass-by-reference. In Fortran, the ampersand forces the compiler to treat two lines as one. This is accomplished by placing an ampersand at the end of the first line and at the beginning of the second line. In Common Lisp, the ampersand is the prefix for lambda list keywords. Ampersand is the string concatenation operator in many BASIC dialects, AppleScript, Lingo, HyperTalk, and FileMaker. In Ada it applies to all

neg: Latvian orthography The letters F and H appear only in loanwords. Historically the letters CH, Ō and Ŗ were also used in the Latvian alphabet. The latter stood for palatalized dental trill /rʲ/ which is still used in some dialects (mainly outside Latvia) but not in the standard language, and hence the letter Ŗ was removed from the alphabet on 5 June 1946, when the Latvian SSR legislature passed a regulation that officially replaced it with R in print. Similar reforms replacing CH with H, and Ō with O were enacted over the next few years. The letters CH, Ō and Ŗ

neg: Ampersand indicate that the "and" in a listed item is a part of the item's name and not a separator (e.g. "Rock, pop, rhythm & blues, and hip hop"). The ampersand may still be used as an abbreviation for "and" in informal writing regardless of how "and" is used. The character in Unicode is ; this is inherited from the same value in ASCII. Apart from this, Unicode also has the following variants: The last six of these are carryovers from the Wingdings fonts, and are meant only for backward compatibility with those fonts. On the QWERTY keyboard layout, the ampersand

neg: Santa Barbara News-Press controversy a "News-Press" reporter and that the story was leaked from there. Roberts filed a counterclaim for $10 million, and Ampersand responded by increasing its claim to $25 million. Roberts accepted a position at the University of California, Santa Barbara, as publication director. Ampersand sued the weekly "Santa Barbara Independent" in federal court on October 26, 2006, claiming that the posting of an unpublished draft article by a recently fired "News-Press" staffer constituted copyright infringement. Ampersand also alleged misappropriation of its trade secrets by acquiring and publishing the draft and by acquiring another draft "News-Press" article relating to the paper's arbitration

neg: London, Brighton and South Coast Railway the body was varnished, but as it became harder to maintain a high-quality varnish finish and it was painted in a similar-coloured paint. Panel lining and other details were picked out with gold leaf. From 1905 to 1923 front-line express locomotives were a dark shade of umber. Lining was black with a gilt line either side. Cab roofs remained white. Frames were black, wheels umber, and buffer beams returned to signal red. The company's initials were painted on the tender- or tank-sides (initially 'L.B.& S.C.R.', but after 1911 the ampersand and the R were removed) in gilt. Secondary passenger locomotives

neg: Classical cipher alphabet by three letters, but any number works. Another method of substitution cipher is based on a keyword. All spaces and repeated letters are removed from a word or phrase, which the encoder then uses as the start of the cipher alphabet. The end of the cipher alphabet is the rest of the alphabet in order without repeating the letters in the keyword. For example, if the keyword is CIPHER, the cipher alphabet would look like this: The previous examples were all examples of monoalphabetic substitution ciphers, where just one cipher alphabet is used. It is also possible to have

neg: Ampersand one-dimensional arrays, not just strings. BASIC-PLUS on the DEC PDP-11 uses the ampersand as a short form of the verb PRINT. Applesoft BASIC used the ampersand as an internal command, not intended to be used for general programming, that invoked a machine language program in the computer's ROM. In some versions of BASIC, unary suffix & denotes a variable is of type "long", or 32 bits in length. The ampersand is occasionally used as a prefix to denote a hexadecimal number, such as codice_3 for decimal 255, for instance in BBC BASIC. Some other languages, such as the Monitor built

neg: Ampersand epsilon (Ɛ) or a backwards numeral 3 superimposed by a vertical line. The ampersand is also often shown as a backwards 3 with a vertical line above and below it or a dot above and below it. The + sign (itself based on an et-ligature) is often informally used in place of an ampersand, sometimes with an added loop and resembling ɬ. Ampersands are commonly seen in business names formed from partnership of two or more people, such as "Johnson & Johnson", "Dolce & Gabbana", "Marks & Spencer", "A&P" (supermarkets), and "Tiffany & Co.", as well as some abbreviations containing

neg: Iain Baxter& which is now in a private collection, was taken in Inuvik with a mirror reflecting the Arctic sun on the arctic tundra. N.E. Thing Co. disbanded in 1978 when Iain and Ingrid ended their relationship. In 2005, Iain Baxter legally changed his name to Iain Baxter& (pronounced "Baxterand"), in part to reflect his fascination for the ampersand as a typographic mark but also to reflect what he values in a "non-authorial take on art production… an unending collaboration with the viewer and the means to question the artist’s role." He has created a series of sculptural works utilizing the ampersand,

neg: Santa Barbara News-Press controversy proceeding against a former editor. Ampersand also brought claims for unfair competition, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage and contract, and negligent interference with prospective economic advantage and contract. The "Independent" had posted a copy of a story written by "News-Press" reporter Scott Hadly about the July 6, 2006, events. The "News-Press" chose not to publish the story, and a copy was leaked to the "Independent", which posted the article on its website. Ampersand requested the removal of the story, and the "Independent" complied. The October 26 suit concerned the few days when the leaked story had been posted and

neg: Yat the 19th century, yat was represented by ѣ and new yat was replaced with ( with circumflex). At this same time, the Ukrainian writing system replaced yat and new yat by or . In Rusyn, yat was used until 1945 and removed under Soviet rule. Nowadays some Rusyn writers and poets try to reinstate it, but this initiative is not really popular among Rusyn intelligentsia. In the old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, the yat, called "eati", was used as the diphthong. It disappeared when Romanian adopted the transitional alphabet, first in Wallachia, then in Moldova. The Old Serbo-Croatian "yat" phoneme is

neg: Ampersand Middle Ages as a representation for the Latin word "et" ("and"). However, while the ampersand was in origin a common ligature in everyday script, the Tironian "et" was part of a highly specialised stenographic shorthand. The Tironian "et" ("⁊") is found in old Irish language script, a Latin-based script generally only used for decorative purposes today, where it signifies "agus" ("and") in Irish. This symbol may have entered the script language by way of monastic influence in the time of the early Christian church in Ireland. In everyday handwriting, the ampersand is sometimes simplified in design as a large lowercase

neg: Serbian Cyrillic alphabet and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815-1818 he used: Ю, я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ. The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: He added one Latin letter: And 5 new ones: He removed: Orders issued on the 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned

neg: Don't be evil Don't be evil "Don't be evil" is a motto used within Google's corporate code of conduct. Following Google's corporate restructuring under the conglomerate Alphabet Inc. in October 2015, Alphabet took "Do the right thing" as its motto, also forming the opening of its corporate code of conduct. The original motto was retained in Google's code of conduct, now a subsidiary of Alphabet. In April 2018, the motto was removed from the code of conduct's preface and retained in its last sentence. The motto was first suggested either by Google employee Paul Buchheit at a meeting about corporate values that took

neg: Home News Tribune "Courier News" in Somerville. Home News Tribune The Home News Tribune is a newspaper serving Middlesex County, New Jersey. The paper has an average daily weekday circulation of about 49,000. The newspaper is the result of the 1995 merger of "The Home News" of East Brunswick (founded 1879) and "The News Tribune" of Woodbridge Township. The News Tribune was previously known as "The Perth Amboy Evening News." The combined paper, initially renamed the "Home News & Tribune" before the ampersand was removed, was sold to the Gannett Company in 1997. In 2009, some production operations were moved and consolidated with

neg: Home News Tribune Home News Tribune The Home News Tribune is a newspaper serving Middlesex County, New Jersey. The paper has an average daily weekday circulation of about 49,000. The newspaper is the result of the 1995 merger of "The Home News" of East Brunswick (founded 1879) and "The News Tribune" of Woodbridge Township. The News Tribune was previously known as "The Perth Amboy Evening News." The combined paper, initially renamed the "Home News & Tribune" before the ampersand was removed, was sold to the Gannett Company in 1997. In 2009, some production operations were moved and consolidated with those of Central Jersey

neg: House System at the California Institute of Technology again in 2006 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of their original theft; however, the cannon disappeared on March 28, a day before the anniversary, only to show up at MIT, just in time for Campus Preview Weekend, during which many rising freshmen visit MIT. A (seemingly fake) moving company by the name of Howe & Ser Moving Co. has taken credit. (The name is a double pun: When substituting "and" for the ampersand, it reads "how we answer", while substituting the Latin "et" for the ampersand gives "Howitzer".) Displayed prominently in front of MIT's Green Building, the Fleming Cannon sported

neg: Ampersand into ROM on the Commodore 128, used it to indicate octal instead, a convention that spread throughout the Commodore community and is now used in the VICE emulator. In MySQL the '&' has dual roles. As well as a logical AND, it additionally serves as the bitwise operator of an intersection between elements. In more recent years, the ampersand has made its way into the Haskell standard library, representing flipped function application: codice_4 means the same thing as codice_5. Perl uses the ampersand as a sigil to refer to subroutines: In MASM 80x86 Assembly Language, & is the Substitution Operator,

neg: Ampersand instance Navision databases have trouble if this character in either "Text" or "Code" fields. Some Unix shells use the ampersand as a metacharacter: Some Unix shells, like the POSIX standard codice_9 shell, use the ampersand to execute a process in the background and to duplicate file descriptors. The generic URL (Uniform Resource Locator) syntax allows for a query string to be appended to a file name in a web address so that additional information can be passed to a script; the question mark, or query mark, ?, is used to indicate the start of a query string. A query string

neg: Alphabet (for the Latin script), with 46. However, these scripts either count di- and tri-graphs as separate letters, as Spanish did with "ch" and "ll" until recently, or uses diacritics like Slovak "č". The Georgian alphabet ( "") is alphabetical writing system. It is the largest true alphabet where each letter is graphically independent with 33 letters. Original Georgian alphabet had 38 letters but 5 letters were removed in 19th century by Ilia Chavchavadze. The Georgian alphabet is much closer to Greek than the other Caucasian alphabets. The numeric value runs parallel to the Greek one, the consonants without a Greek

neg: Tocharian alphabet mark, or removed with a special nullifying mark, the virama. Like Brahmi, Tocharian uses stacking for conjunct consonants, and has irregular conjunct forms of , ra. Tocharian alphabet The Tocharian alphabet is a version of Brahmi script used to write the Central Asian Indo-European Tocharian languages, mostly from the 8th century (with a few earlier ones) that were written on palm leaves, wooden tablets and Chinese paper, preserved by the extremely dry climate of the Tarim Basin. Samples of the language have been discovered at sites in Kucha and Karasahr, including many mural inscriptions. Tocharian A and B are not

neg: In & Out (festival) to allow gay and lesbian filmmakers an avenue to "come out" and display their works, to showcase them as part of their lives and careers, and help the genre gain appeal and acceptance. Thirty-three feature films and three short films were presented at the festival. Many of the featured films were from Eastern Europe, and the festival also featured a selection from Italy and Canada. For the first time, films competed for "Ampersand" prizes, going to the Best Feature Film, Best Documentary, and Best Short Film. There was also an Ampersand awarded by the jury, and one awarded by the

neg: Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research from a variety of sources, including PRIM&R staff, board members, subject matter experts, members, and others involved in the research field. "Ampersand" posts are education-focused and provide commentary on news and issues in the research ethics field. Submissions to "Ampersand" are welcome from members and nonmembers alike. The CIP® program is a certification initiative developed in 1999 for individuals administering institutional review boards (IRBs). The CIP® credential was developed by a group of PRIM&R volunteers to promote standards for professional knowledge and to support adherence to regulatory requirements, best practices, and ethical standards in the conduct of medical research. Since

neg: Lower Saranac Lake the late 1950s. In 1888, a third hotel was built at the northern end of the lake, this on the western shore of Ampersand bay, the Hotel Ampersand. Originally conceived as a year-round health resort, banking on Saranac Lake's reputation for the treatment of tuberculosis, instead it found its best clientele to be healthy summer vacationers. The largest and most fashionable of the three hotels, it was dubbed the Saratoga of Lower Saranac Lake. It was saved from the slow decline of its neighbors by a spectacular fire in 1907. It was never rebuilt. As the state owned much of

neg: Russian alphabet iotated was written at the beginning of a word. This distinction between and survives in Church Slavonic. Although it is usually stated that the letters labelled "fallen into disuse by the eighteenth century" in the table above were eliminated in the typographical reform of 1708, reality is somewhat more complex. The letters were indeed originally omitted from the sample alphabet, printed in a western-style serif font, presented in Peter's edict, along with the letters (replaced by ), , and (the diacriticized letter was also removed), but were reinstated except and under pressure from the Russian Orthodox Church in a later

neg: Icelandic language The complete Icelandic alphabet is: The letters with diacritics, such as ' and ', are for the most part treated as separate letters and not variants of their derivative vowels. The letter ' officially replaced ' in 1929, although it had been used in early manuscripts (until the 14th century) and again periodically from the 18th century. The letter ', which had been a part of the Icelandic alphabet for a long time but was no longer distinguished from ' in pronunciation, was officially removed in 1973. As Icelandic shares its ancestry with English and both are Germanic languages, there

neg: Romanization later replaced by Spanish transcriptions, which are still evident in place names and surnames. Letters such as C, Ll, and Ñ were considered Hispanic additions and removed in the "Abakada", an attempt at a more indigenous alphabet devised by Lope K. Santos in 1940. These were eventually superseded by the Pilipino Alphabet and by the 28-letter, Modern Filipino Alphabet, which adds Ñ and the native Ng to the standard, 26-letter Latin alphabet. While the Spanish language itself uses a very phonemic spelling, the romanised spelling created for Philippine languages is even more so. For example, the Spanish "caballo" ([kaˈβa.ʎo], "horse"),

neg: Palaeotype alphabet of a dagger, (that is, with the left arm removed) indicated fronting (pronounced closer to the front of the mouth), and the left half, , retraction (pronounced closer to the throat). A dagger indicated protrusion, as in interdental (t†). A turned dagger indicated retroflection, so (t⸸) was the same as (ᴛ). A double dagger indicated a click, so a fronted (t‡) was the same as (5), and (t⸸‡) the same as (2). In several cases, Ellis carried over letters or at least the sounds they described from Lepsius's alphabet, without knowing what they were supposed to be. This was the

neg: Russian alphabet is never marked, as it is always stressed except in some loanwords. Unlike the case of , the letter has completely separated from . It has been used since the 16th century except that it was removed in 1708 but reinstated in 1735. Since then, its usage has been mandatory. It was formerly considered a diacriticized letter, but in the 20th century, it came to be considered a separate letter of the Russian alphabet. It was classified as a "semivowel" by 19th- and 20th-century grammarians but since the 1970s, it has been considered a consonant letter. The standard Russian keyboard

neg: The Business Style Handbook write on the job, which distinguishes it from style guides that are written from a journalism perspective. To develop the book, the authors surveyed communications executives at Fortune 500 companies. Results of that survey are summarized in the first chapter. The book also includes a 200-page section of A-to-Z entries on usage, grammar, punctuation and spelling for words and phrases commonly used in business writing. Example: ampersand (&) Use the "ampersand" in an organization’s formal name if that is what the organization uses, as in "Barnes & Noble" (do not write "Barnes and Noble"). But do not use the "&"

neg: History of the International Phonetic Alphabet was in itself a combination of and the hook for retroflex consonants approved by the IPA in 1927. Since its introduction in 1935, the symbol was widely adopted by American linguists and the IPA had been asked to recognize it as part of the alphabet. In 1979, a revised chart appeared, incorporating the developments in the alphabet which were made earlier in the decade: The following changes were approved in 1976: On the same occasion, the following symbols were removed because they had "fallen into disuse": On the other hand, for the close-mid central unrounded vowel, for the open-mid central

neg: Tibetan alphabet one of the scripts in the first version of the Unicode Standard in 1991, in the Unicode block U+1000–U+104F. However, in 1993, in version 1.1, it was removed (the code points it took up would later be used for the Burmese script in version 3.0). The Tibetan script was re-added in July, 1996 with the release of version 2.0. The Unicode block for Tibetan is U+0F00–U+0FFF. It includes letters, digits and various punctuation marks and special symbols used in religious texts: Tibetan alphabet The Tibetan alphabet is an abugida used to write the Tibetic languages such as Tibetan, as well

neg: Deseret alphabet alphabet books were quietly removed from the "Deseret News". Contemporary writers noted that thousands of copies of the US$0.15 and US$0.20 Deseret primers went unsold, and historian Roby Wentz speculated that the LDS Church at that time had a "cache" of the primers in mint condition, which it was slowly selling off; according to him, one such primer sold for $250 in 1978. The Mormons had planned to use the profits from sale of the earlier books to fund printing of more books, and in anticipation Orson Pratt had already transcribed the complete Bible, "Doctrine and Covenants", and John Jaques's

neg: Crimean Tatar alphabet Crimean Tatar alphabet For the modern Crimean Tatar language, the Latin and the Cyrillic alphabets are used. The Latin script dominates on the Internet and the Cyrillic script in printed productions. Historically, the Arabic script was also used. Crimean Tatars used the Arabic script from 16th century to 1928 when it was replaced with the Latin alphabet based on Yañalif. The Crimean variant contained a couple of modified Arabic letters. In 1928 during Latinisation in USSR The Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Latin alphabet based on the Yañalif script. This alphabet contained a number of differences from

neg: History of the International Phonetic Alphabet occasion, it was reaffirmed that and are typographic alternatives. The revised chart was now portrait-oriented. and were moved to the centerline of the vowel chart, indicating that they are not necessarily unrounded. The word "voiced" was removed from the definition for , now simply "epiglottal plosive". "Other symbols" and diacritics were slightly rearranged. In 1996, it was announced that the symbol for the open-mid central rounded vowel in the 1993 chart, , was a typographical error and should be changed to , stating the latter was the symbol which "J. C. Catford had in mind when he proposed the central

neg: Mercury-Atlas 7 his back-up. However Slayton was removed from all flight crew availability after the discovery of cardiac arrhythmia during a training run in the "g"-loading centrifuge. Slayton had chosen the name "Delta 7" for the spacecraft, as this would have been the fourth manned flight and Delta (Δ) is the fourth letter in the Greek alphabet. Instead of using Schirra who was backup, it was decided to give the mission to Carpenter, who was the backup crew for Mercury-Atlas 6, had trained with John Glenn, and was considered the best prepared astronaut. When Carpenter was given the mission, he renamed it

neg: Carolingian G Carolingian G The Carolingian G or French G is one of two historical variants of the letter "G" which were in use in the Middle English alphabet; the other variant was the insular G or Irish G. The Carolingian G is named for the Carolingian minuscule script, an exemplar of its use. The Carolingian G stands at the basis of the modern letter G, and eventually replaced the insular G as standard form for the letter. The Ᵹ survived for a while as the letter Ȝ before being removed from the English alphabet. The Carolingian G is the standard letter

neg: International Phonetic Alphabet on the context and language. Occasionally letters or diacritics are added, removed or modified by the International Phonetic Association. As of the most recent change in 2005, there are 107 letters, 52 diacritics and four prosodic marks in the IPA. These are shown in the current IPA chart, posted below in this article and at the website of the IPA. In 1886, a group of French and British language teachers, led by the French linguist Paul Passy, formed what would come to be known from 1897 onwards as the International Phonetic Association (in French, ""). Their original alphabet was based

neg: Facilitated communication the facilitators, through another facilitated session, indicated Carla threatened suicide if she was not removed from her home. A 15-month custody battle ensued, during which Carla was subjected to over 100 hours of psychological and other testing. In the end, the Guardianship Board concluded that Carla was severely intellectually disabled, unable to differentiate between letters of the alphabet, and could not have authored the messages. The double-blind testing, conducted by psychologist Tony Cantanese, demonstrated that the only meaningful responses obtained through FC were when the facilitator knew the questions being asked of Carla. The court determined that Carla and her

neg: Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana to the "northern class of alphabet", and opens with invocations to Hindu god Shiva. The inscription was discovered accidentally during repairs of an unknown water well, where the inscription was on concealed side of a block in its wall. It had already been removed from the well when first witnessed by Fleet, but Fleet was unable to determine which and he guessed that it may be the original well may be the ancient one located just inside of the eastern entrance of modern Mandsaur Fort. The inscription records the construction of a well by a person named Daksha in Dashapura

neg: Ellin & Kitson in Philadelphia. In addition to various tradesmen employed by the firm, William's younger brother Samuel James Kitson was often involved, especially when fine sculptures were to be a part of the project. Samuel Kitson did not depend on commissions from the firm as he secured commissions on his own ability and artistic talent Another younger brother Harry (Henry Hudson Kitson) apprenticed with the firm until 1882 when he attend art school in Paris France. Following the death of William Kitson in 1888, the firm was known as Ellin, Kitson and Company, omitting the ampersand with the John William Kitson Estate

neg: Cha (Indic) letter 𑘔. ছ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese. Cha (છ) is the seventh consonant of the Gujarati script. It is derived from 16th century Devanagari letter "cha" (छ) with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed. Chhachhaa (ਛ) is the twelfth letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet. Its name is [t͡ʃʰət͡ʃʰːɑ] and is pronounced as /t͡ʃʰ/ when used in words. It is derived from the Laṇḍā letter cha, and ultimately from the Brahmi cha. Gurmukhi chachaa does not have a special pairin or addha (reduced) form for making

neg: Ṅa (Indic) character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese. Ṅa (ઙ) is the fifth consonant of the Gujarati script. It is derived from 16th century Devanagari letter "Ṅa" (ङ) with the top bar (shirorekha) removed. Ṅaṅā (ਙ) is the tenth letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet. Its name is [ŋɑŋːɑ̃] and is pronounced as /ŋ/ when used in words. It is derived from the Laṇḍā letter "ṅa", and ultimately from the Brahmi "ṅa". Gurmukhi ṅaṅā does not have a special pairin or addha (reduced) form for making conjuncts, and in modern Punjabi texts do not take a

neg: Greek alphabet late ninth century BC or early eighth century BC, the Greek alphabet emerged. The period between the use of the two writing systems, during which no Greek texts are attested, is known as the Greek Dark Ages. The Greeks adopted the alphabet from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, one of the closely related scripts used for the West Semitic languages. However, the Phoenician alphabet is limited to consonants. When it was adopted for writing Greek, certain consonants were adapted to express vowels. The use of both vowels and consonants makes Greek the first alphabet in the narrow sense, as distinguished from

neg: Ampersand all kinds were extremely common; figures 2 and 3 from the middle of 4th century are examples of how the et-ligature could look in this script. During the later development of the Latin script leading up to Carolingian minuscule (9th century) the use of ligatures in general diminished. The et-ligature, however, continued to be used and gradually became more stylized and less revealing of its origin (figures 4–6). The modern italic type ampersand is a kind of "et" ligature that goes back to the cursive scripts developed during the Renaissance. After the advent of printing in Europe in 1455, printers

neg: Leslie station is allowed between 2:00 am and 5:00 am. The public art in the station, entitled "Ampersand" (2002) and created by Canadian artist Micah Lexier, consists of 17,000 ceramic tiles each with a printed ampersand and above and below it the words "Sheppard" and "Leslie", based on 3,400 different pieces of handwriting from the community collected in 1997. According to the artist's statement posted in the station, this piece of artwork ""acknowledges the duality of being both an individual and part of a larger community."" This piece can be seen on both the concourse and platform levels, including the bus terminal.

neg: Santa Barbara News-Press controversy Trade Secrets Act. Ampersand filed suit on December 12, 2006, against Chapman University Professor Susan Paterno, author of the article "Santa Barbara Smackdown" that appeared in the "American Journalism Review". The suit alleged 33 instances of false and misleading statements, claimed that Paterno's "article falsely states and implies that Ampersand is an unethical corporate entity engaged in unlawful conduct and that its product, the "Santa Barbara News-Press", is a deficient product" and asserted that McCaw's involvement in the "News-Press" resulted from former editor Roberts' incompetence. Attorneys for the "American Journalism Review" responded to the suit on December 27, 2006. Paterno

neg: Turkmen alphabet Turkmen alphabet The Turkmen alphabet used for official purposes in Turkmenistan is a variant of the Latin alphabet. At the start of the 20th century, when Turkmen started to be written, it used the Arabic script, but in 1928 the Latin script was adopted. In 1940, the Russian influence in Soviet Turkmenistan prompted a switch to a Cyrillic alphabet, and a Turkmen Cyrillic alphabet (shown below in the table alongside the Latin) was created. When Turkmenistan became independent in 1991, President Saparmurat Niyazov immediately instigated a return to the Latin script. When it was reintroduced in 1993 it was supposed

neg: Emblem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 1927), the coat of arms is described as follows: After this revision, the official versions of the emblems had appeared. On January 1, 1929, by the resolution of the CEC of the Azerbaijani SSR, the Latin alphabet had been made as the official script of Azerbaijan SSR. This resulted the words "and the old" were removed from the description of the emblem in the Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR. Since 1930, in the emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR, the inscriptions were written only by Latin alphabet. This was fixed in the new version of the Constitution of the Azerbaijani SSR,

neg: Emblem of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic of the alphabet, and on May 9, 1929, the All-Uzbek Congress of Soviets approved this resolution by making changes to the Constitution. The abbreviation of the name of the republic was given by a new alphabet at the bottom of the wreath in Uzbek, on the right in Tajik, on the left in Russian. The motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" Around the coat of arms - on the right in Uzbek, on the left in Tajik. With the formation of the Tajik SSR on October 16, 1929, inscriptions in the Tajik language were removed from the State Emblem of

neg: Reforms of Russian orthography reform resulted in some economy in writing and typesetting, due to the exclusion of Ъ at the end of words—by the reckoning of Lev Uspensky, text in the new orthography was shorter by one-thirtieth. The reform removed pairs of completely homophonous graphemes from the Russian alphabet (i.e., Ѣ and Е; Ѳ and Ф; and the trio of И, I and Ѵ), bringing the alphabet closer to Russian's actual phonological system. While there have not been any significant changes since the 1918 decree, debates and fluctuations have to some degree continued. During the 1930s and 40s the use of "ё" in

neg: Joshua Dewey Dewey graduated from Yale College in 1787. From 1859 until his death, Dewey was the oldest living graduate of Yale. He removed in 1791 to Cooperstown, New York, and taught a school in which James Fenimore Cooper is said to have learned the alphabet. Two years later he became a farmer in that neighborhood and began to enter into public life. He was thrice elected a member of the New York Legislature, and was afterwards commissioned by President John Adams as a Collector of Internal Revenue, In 1809, he removed to the new town of De Kalb, New York, where

neg: Crimean Tatar alphabet letters. From 1938 to 1990s that was the only alphabet used for Crimean Tatar. Crimean Tatar alphabet For the modern Crimean Tatar language, the Latin and the Cyrillic alphabets are used. The Latin script dominates on the Internet and the Cyrillic script in printed productions. Historically, the Arabic script was also used. Crimean Tatars used the Arabic script from 16th century to 1928 when it was replaced with the Latin alphabet based on Yañalif. The Crimean variant contained a couple of modified Arabic letters. In 1928 during Latinisation in USSR The Crimean Tatar Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Latin

neg: Kazakh alphabets 1940, when it was replaced by the current Cyrillic script. Kazakh speakers in countries that use the Latin script also use a different Latin alphabet based on the Turkish alphabet. A Latin alphabet was used for the Kazakh language for Kazakhs in China during 1964–84. Later, the use of the Kazakh Arabic alphabet was restored in China. In October 2017, President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a decree on the phased transition of the Kazakh alphabet from Cyrillic into Latin script by 2025. The Arabic script is the official alphabet for Kazakhs in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the

neg: Katipunan historian Hermenegildo Flores, the official language of the Katipunan is Tagalog, and uses an alphabet nearly similar to Spanish alphabet but has different meaning and the way it was read was changed. Diacritics were added, to emphasize the existence of ng and mga on Tagalog orthography. The following is an excerpt from Flores' "Kartilyang Makabayan: Mga Tanong at Sagot Ukol Kay Andrés Bonifacio at sa KKK" (, Manila, 1922): Presented below is the Katipunan alphabet, when compared to the Spanish alphabet. The night when Governor-General Eulogio Despujol exiled Dr. José Rizal to Dapitan, Katipunan was discovered. In a secret meeting

neg: Adam Tomkins signed up to that anymore, because I just don't see the point". Tomkins has held visiting appointments at the Universities of Toronto, Queensland and New South Wales and the Australian National University, and has lectured throughout the world. In April 2009, Tomkins became associated with Ampersand, a stable at the Faculty of Advocates, as part of its "Ampersand Academics" link between practitioners and academics. Professor Douglas Brodie, former head of the School of Law at the University of Edinburgh, has also joined this project. In 2009 he was appointed legal adviser to the House of Lords Constitution Committee. He was

neg: Elmer L. Andersen book collecting using the name, Arne Kjelsberg, his father's first two names. He did not reveal his authorship of the column for many years, though a close friend correctly guessed. Long a member of the bibliophilic Ampersand Club, Andersen's Arne Kjelsberg articles were published the year following his death in honor of the Ampersand Club's 75th anniversary, in 2005. Compilation of the volume commenced while Andersen lived, and he expressed hope to attend its publication party. Andersen's wife was wonderfully supportive of his bibliomania. Together, their book buying was intimately connected with book giving and support for libraries and reading.

neg: Ampersand Mountain ascent of Ampersand Mountain in 1872. Ely and Dr. William Reed and three others later cleared the summit of trees, and built a lean-to. The following year, Verplanck Colvin cleared the remaining trees while working on his survey of the Adirondacks, and subsequent fires and erosion left the summit bare. Colvin credits Ely for the mountain's name. New York State built a fire lookout station on the summit in 1911, although a fire tower was deemed unnecessary due to the open views available. By 1920, tree growth was such that a 22-foot (7-meter) fire tower was erected. The tower was

neg: Old Uyghur alphabet Old Uyghur alphabet The Old Uyghur alphabet was used for writing the Old Uyghur language, a variety of Old Turkic spoken in Turfan (also referred to as Turpan) and Gansu that is an ancestor of the modern Yugur language. The term "Old Uyghur" used for this alphabet is misleading because the Kingdom of Qocho, the Tocharian-Uyghur kingdom created in 843, originally used the Old Turkic alphabet. The Uyghur adopted this script from local inhabitants when they migrated into Turfan after 840. It was an adaptation of the Aramaic alphabet used for texts with Buddhist, Manichaean and Christian content for 700–800

neg: Manchu alphabet particles, written at the end of the question. The Jurchens of a millennium ago became the ancestors of the Manchus when Nurhaci united the Jianzhou Jurchens (1593–1618) and his son subsequently renamed the consolidated tribes as the "Manchu". Throughout this period, the Jurchen language evolved into what we know as the Manchu language. Its script has no relation to the Manchu alphabet, however, as their script was derived from the Khitan script, which was in turn derived from Chinese characters. Manchu alphabet The Manchu alphabet is the alphabet used to write the now nearly-extinct Manchu language; a similar script is

neg: Hebrew alphabet and was known by Jewish sages as the Ashuri alphabet (lit. "Assyrian"), since its origins were alleged to be from Assyria. Various "styles" (in current terms, "fonts") of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, including a variety of cursive Hebrew styles. In the remainder of this article, the term "Hebrew alphabet" refers to the square script unless otherwise indicated. The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case, but five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is written from right to left. Originally, the alphabet

neg: Ten pence (British coin) whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety is featured on the £1 coin. The 10p coin depicts the first quarter of the shield, showing the lions passant from the Royal Banner of England, with the words above the shield design. The coin's obverse remains largely unchanged, but the beading (the ring of dots around the coin's circumference), which no longer features on the coin's reverse, has also been removed from the obverse. In March 2018, 26 new designs were released, one for each letter of the alphabet. Anne Jessopp, chief executive of the Royal Mint, described the

neg: LL parser formula_10 input symbols without reading. This capability can be emulated by storing the lookahead buffer contents in the finite state space, since both buffer and input alphabet are finite in size. As a result, this does not make the automaton more powerful, but is a convenient abstraction. The stack alphabet formula_37, where: The parser stack initially contains the starting symbol above the EOI: formula_41. During operation, the parser repeatedly replaces the symbol formula_42 on top of the stack: If the last symbol to be removed from the stack is the EOI, the parsing is successful; the automaton accepts via an

neg: Lipogram in place of an "F", "G" in place of "C"), which some might argue is cheating. At the beginning of each chapter, the alphabet appears along with a sentence, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog". As the letters are removed from the story, the alphabet and sentence changes. "Cipher and Poverty (The Book of Nothing)", a book by Mike Schertzer (1998), is presented as the writings of "a prisoner whose world had been impoverished to a single utterance... "who can find me here in this silence"". The poems that follow use only the four vowels "A", "E",