query: when did tolkien begin writing the lord of the rings

pos: The Lord of the Rings recorded under the pseudonym 'Shagrat the Vagrant', before forming a band called Shagrat in 1970. The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel "The Hobbit", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, "The Lord of the Rings" is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. The title of the novel refers to the story's main antagonist, the

neg: J. R. R. Tolkien children, came in 1936 to the attention of Susan Dagnall, an employee of the London publishing firm George Allen & Unwin, who persuaded Tolkien to submit it for publication. When it was published a year later, the book attracted adult readers as well as children, and it became popular enough for the publishers to ask Tolkien to produce a sequel. The request for a sequel prompted Tolkien to begin what would become his most famous work: the epic novel "The Lord of the Rings" (originally published in three volumes 1954–1955). Tolkien spent more than ten years writing the primary narrative

neg: Tolkien's legendarium instead asked Tolkien to write a sequel to "The Hobbit". Tolkien began to revise "The Silmarillion", but soon turned to the sequel, which became "The Lord of the Rings". Writing "The Lord of the Rings" during the 1940s, Tolkien was attempting to address the dilemma of creating a narrative consistent with a "sequel" of the published "The Hobbit" and a desire to present a more comprehensive view of its background. He renewed work on "The Silmarillion" after completing "The Lord of the Rings", and he greatly desired to publish the two works together. When it became clear that would not

neg: The Silmarillion Hobbit". Tolkien began to revise "The Silmarillion", but soon turned to the sequel, which became "The Lord of the Rings". He renewed work on "The Silmarillion" after completing "The Lord of the Rings", and he greatly desired to publish the two works together. But when it became clear that would not be possible, Tolkien turned his full attention to preparing "The Lord of the Rings" for publication. In the late 1950s Tolkien returned to "The Silmarillion", but much of his writing from this time was concerned more with the theological and philosophical underpinnings of the work than with the narratives

neg: Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" on the story of "The Silmarillion" was added to the chapter "Tolkien Today," the "After Tolkien" section on recent fantasy authors expanded, and some material on the 2001-2003 movie versions of "The Lord of the Rings" included in the introduction. Richard C. West, writing in the "J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia", assesses the book in these words: "The honor of the first worthwhile book on Tolkien must go to Carter, who was widely read in literature from ancient times to the twentieth century, and his 1969 book surveys a long list of works behind "The Lord of the Rings" from all periods.

neg: Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" Unfortunately, he did not have the scholarly training to do this with sufficient rigor and the book has many factual errors throughout, but his enthusiasm is infectious." Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" is a study of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien written by Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books in March 1969 and reprinted in April 1969, April 1970, July 1971, July 1972, February 1973, July 1973, June 1975 and November 1977, after which it went out of print for

neg: Taliska which he presented at ELFcon III in 1993. In Middle-earth, Taliska, when first devised, was the language spoken by Men of the houses of Bëor and Hador. Adûnaic, the language of Númenor, later displaced Taliska. During the writing of "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien toyed with the idea of making Taliska the primordial tongue of the people of Rohan who spoke Old English in his translated setting of "The Lord of the Rings". Taliska Taliska is a constructed language devised by fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It is one of the many fictional languages set in his secondary

neg: J. R. R. Tolkien in a letter to his son Christopher: Tolkien was horrified by the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, referring to the scientists of the Manhattan Project as "these lunatic physicists" and "Babel-builders". During most of his own life conservationism was not yet on the political agenda, and Tolkien himself did not directly express conservationist views—except in some private letters, in which he tells about his fondness for forests and sadness at tree-felling. In later years, a number of authors of biographies or literary analyses of Tolkien conclude that during his writing of "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien gained

neg: The Lord of the Rings putting on hold "Roverandom", and accepting "Farmer Giles of Ham", Allen & Unwin thought more stories about hobbits would be popular. So at the age of 45, Tolkien began writing the story that would become "The Lord of the Rings." The story would not be finished until 12 years later, in 1949, and would not be fully published until 1955, when Tolkien was 63 years old. Persuaded by his publishers, he started "a new Hobbit" in December 1937. After several false starts, the story of the One Ring emerged. The idea for the first chapter ("A Long-Expected Party") arrived fully

neg: The Lord of the Rings & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950. Tolkien intended "The Silmarillion" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with "The Lord of the Rings," but A&U were unwilling to do this. After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that "The Lord of the Rings" itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952. Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff", fearing his work would never see the

neg: J. R. R. Tolkien and appendices for "The Lord of the Rings", during which time he received the constant support of the Inklings, in particular his closest friend C. S. Lewis, the author of "The Chronicles of Narnia". Both "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" are set against the background of "The Silmarillion", but in a time long after it. Tolkien at first intended "The Lord of the Rings" to be a children's tale in the style of "The Hobbit", but it quickly grew darker and more serious in the writing. Though a direct sequel to "The Hobbit", it addressed an older

neg: The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series) the B.B.C." ("The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien", Letter 198, 19 June 1957) The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series) During 1955 and 1956, a condensed radio dramatisation of "The Lord of the Rings" was broadcast in twelve episodes on BBC Radio's the Third Programme. These radio broadcasts were the first dramatisation of "The Lord of the Rings", a book by J. R. R. Tolkien, the final volume of which, "The Return of the King", had been published in October 1955. Since the BBC did not generally keep long-term archives of its productions at that time, no copies

neg: Roy Campbell (poet) aloud, while Campbell laughed off the provocation. Tolkien, who was then hard at work writing "The Lord of the Rings", was charmed by Campbell. In a letter to his son Christopher, Tolkien compared Campbell to Trotter, a torture-crippled hobbit character who appeared in an early draft of "The Lord of the Rings", to become the character of Aragorn in the final versions. Tolkien further commented, Here is a scion of an Ulster prot. family resident in S. Africa, most of whom fought in both wars, who became a Catholic after sheltering the Carmelite fathers in Barcelona — in vain, they

neg: Tolkien fandom to some scientific explanation. Attempts to add a flavor of lofty writing style in many pieces resulted in stilted phrasing. Major articles on Tolkien’s literary sources appeared through multiple issues of "Xero". Lin Carter later used this as a basis for his 1969 book, "Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings". The "Lord of the Rings" had its detractors in fandom, including both those who found the books unreadable or the character development inferior to the worldbuilding, and those who simply argued that Tolkien fans were taking things too far, with attempts to complete glossaries of Middle-earth already

neg: Barrow-wight Lord of the Rings" Appendix A that Frodo was trapped in the cairn of the last prince of Cardolan; Merry's exclamation on waking from his trance suggests this. Frodo cut off the wight's hand; then, when the wight extinguished the dim light in the cavern where the company was imprisoned, Frodo called for Tom Bombadil, who expelled the wight from the barrow. Due to his inspiration from "Hrómundar saga Gripssonar", during the writing of "The Lord of the Rings" (see "The History of The Lord of the Rings") Tolkien at first foresaw a link between the wights and the Ringwraiths,

neg: The Sword of Shannara nose in it." Roger C. Schlobin was kinder in his assessment, though he still thought that "The Sword of Shannara" was a disappointment because of its similarities to "The Lord of the Rings". Brian Attebery accused "The Sword of Shannara" of being "undigested Tolkien" which was "especially blatant in its point-for-point correspondence" with "The Lord of the Rings". In an educational article on writing, author Orson Scott Card cited "The Sword of Shannara" as a cautionary example of overly derivative writing, finding the work "artistically displeasing" for this reason. Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey writes that the novel is distinctive for

neg: Tom Bombadil toys. Tolkien invented Tom Bombadil in memory of a Dutch doll which had been flushed down a lavatory. These original poems far pre-date the writing of "The Lord of the Rings", into which Tolkien introduced Tom Bombadil from the earliest drafts. In response to a letter from one of his readers, Tolkien described Tom's role in "The Lord of the Rings": Tom Bombadil is not an important person—to the narrative. I suppose he has some importance as a 'comment.' I mean, I do not really write like that: he is just an invention (who first appeared in "The Oxford Magazine"

neg: The Lord of the Rings further money as a university examiner. Tolkien abandoned "The Lord of the Rings" during most of 1943 and only restarted it in April 1944, as a serial for his son Christopher Tolkien, who was sent chapters as they were written while he was serving in South Africa with the Royal Air Force. Tolkien made another concerted effort in 1946, and showed the manuscript to his publishers in 1947. The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not complete the revision of earlier parts of the work until 1949. The original manuscripts, which total 9,250 pages, now reside

neg: The Lord of the Rings formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title "The Lord of the Rings" did not arrive until the spring of 1938. Originally, he planned to write a story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the Ring and its powers and thought that would be a better focus for the new work. As the story progressed, he also brought in elements from "The Silmarillion" mythology. Writing was slow, because Tolkien had a full-time academic position, and needed to earn

neg: Frodo Baggins "Beowulf", where it is rendered in Old English as Froda. Tolkien did mention he changed final a's to final o's in male Hobbit names. In the early drafts of "The Lord of the Rings" the principal character is called Bingo Baggins; the name Frodo is given to another hobbit. In the drafts of the final chapters of "The Lord of the Rings" published by Christopher Tolkien as "Sauron Defeated", Gandalf names Frodo "Bronwe athan Harthad" (Endurance Beyond Hope) after the destruction of the Ring. Tolkien states that Frodo’s name in the fictional language of Westron was "Maura Labingi". His name

neg: Tolkien's legendarium be possible, Tolkien turned his full attention to preparing "The Lord of the Rings" for publication. With the success of "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien in the late 1950s returned to "The Silmarillion", planning to revise the material of his legendarium into a form "fit for publication", a task which kept him occupied until his death in 1973. Much of his later writing from this period was concerned more with the theological and philosophical underpinnings of the work than with the narratives themselves. By this time, he had doubts about fundamental aspects of the work that went back to

neg: Gamgee Tissue possibly led to the character name (Sam Gamgee) in J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings". The connection is not certain: in Appendix F to "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien mentions, but at the same time denies, the reading of "Gamgee" as a pun relating to the name of Sam's wife, Rosie "Cotton". He further elaborates the 'real' Westron names of which 'Gamgee' and 'Cotton' are translations. However, in the same section Tolkien also addresses "hobbit" (which was certainly created first and translated afterward, as described in Tolkien's own comment on the initial writing of "The Hobbit")

neg: Saruman of the Ring"; in one version he considers throwing himself on Gandalf's mercy. There is also a description of how Saruman becomes involved with the Shire and of how he gradually becomes jealous of Gandalf. Another brief account describes how the five Istari were chosen by the Valar for their mission. Tolkien had been writing "The Lord of the Rings" for several years when Saruman came into existence as the solution to a long-unresolved plot development, and his role and characteristics continued to emerge in the course of writing. Tolkien started work on the book in late 1937, but was

neg: Aragorn when he fought the Corsairs in Umbar). Aragorn's character and story arc underwent a series of developments and name changes before the version seen in "The Lord of the Rings", as Tolkien did not have the full plot of the story or its background planned out when he started writing. The "first germ" of the character that later evolved into Aragorn or Strider was a peculiar hobbit met by Bingo Bolger-Baggins (precursor of Frodo Baggins) at the inn of "The Prancing Pony". His description and behaviour, however, was already quite close to the final story, with the difference that the

neg: The History of The Lord of the Rings story”. Thereafter Tolkien’s problem was rather one of selecting between alternative accounts, so as to produce the best effect – two episodes in "Sauron Defeated" that were eventually deleted being the pardoning of Saruman, and an awards ceremony at the book’s close. The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien's writing of "The Lord of the Rings". The "History" is also numbered as volumes six to nine of "The History of

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings Ring", Finnish "Taru Sormusten Herrasta" "Legend of the Lord of the Rings", the first Norwegian translation "Krigen om ringen" "The War of the Ring", and West Frisian, "Master fan Alle Ringen" "Master of All Rings". Tolkien in both the Dutch and the Swedish case objected strongly while the translations were in progress, in particular regarding the adaptation of proper names. Despite lengthy correspondence, Tolkien did not succeed in convincing the Dutch translator of his objections, and was similarly frustrated in the Swedish case. Regarding the Dutch version, he wrote However, if one reads the Dutch version, little has changed except

neg: Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien "gods"), Valarin, and divided into three branches: Tolkien later revised this internal history to the effect that the Elves had been capable of inventing language on their own, before coming into contact with Valarin (see Primitive Quendian). When working on "The Lord of the Rings" during the 1940s, Tolkien invested great effort into detailing the linguistics of Middle-earth. As "The Lord of the Rings" was intended to represent as a sequel to "The Hobbit", which had not originally been intended to form part of the legendarium and used Old Norse names for the Dwarves, Tolkien came up with a literary

neg: Philippa Boyens as a young Hobbit in a flashback of the Old Took's party in the extended edition of "". Boyens first became a Tolkien fan as a child. When she came on board to help the writing team on "The Lord of the Rings", she had already read the book seven times. Philippa Boyens Philippa Boyens, MNZM, is a New Zealand screenwriter and producer who co-wrote the screenplay for Peter Jackson's films "The Lord of the Rings" series, "King Kong", "The Lovely Bones", and the three-part film "The Hobbit", all with Jackson and Fran Walsh. She, Jackson, and Walsh won the

neg: The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien's writing of "The Lord of the Rings". The "History" is also numbered as volumes six to nine of "The History of Middle-earth" ("HoME", as below). Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume twelve, "The Peoples of Middle-earth". The volumes include: The first volume of "The History" encompasses three initial stages of composition

neg: The Hobbit Thief, Thief, Baggins! We hates it, we hates it, we hates it forever!" This presages Gollum's portrayal in "The Lord of the Rings". Tolkien sent this revised version of the chapter "Riddles in the Dark" to Unwin as an example of the kinds of changes needed to bring the book into conformity with "The Lord of the Rings", but he heard nothing back for years. When he was sent galley proofs of a new edition, Tolkien was surprised to find the sample text had been incorporated. In "The Lord of the Rings", the original version of the riddle game is

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings Translations of The Lord of the Rings "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien, written originally in English, has since been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of other languages. Tolkien, an expert in Germanic philology, scrutinized those that were under preparation during his lifetime, and had comments that reflect both the translation process and his work. To aid translators, and because he was unhappy with some choices made by early translators such as Åke Ohlmarks, Tolkien wrote his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings in 1967 (released publicly in 1975

neg: J. R. R. Tolkien by the UK's "Big Read" survey, about 250,000 Germans found "The Lord of the Rings" to be their favourite work of literature. Tolkien wrote a brief "Sketch of the Mythology", which included the tales of Beren and Lúthien and of Túrin; and that sketch eventually evolved into the "Quenta Silmarillion", an epic history that Tolkien started three times but never published. Tolkien desperately hoped to publish it along with "The Lord of the Rings", but publishers (both Allen & Unwin and Collins) declined. Moreover, printing costs were very high in 1950s Britain, requiring "The Lord of the Rings" to be

neg: Dwarf (Middle-earth) out of his complacent existence has been seen as an eloquent metaphor for the "impoverishment of Western society without Jews". When writing "The Lord of the Rings" Tolkien continued many of the themes he had set up in "The Hobbit". When giving Dwarves their own language (Khuzdul) Tolkien decided to create an analogue of a Semitic language influenced by Hebrew phonology. Like medieval Jewish groups, the Dwarves use their own language only amongst themselves, and adopted the languages of those they live amongst for the most part, for example taking public names from the cultures they lived within, whilst keeping

neg: Lord of the Rings Adventure Game Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game" (2002) and "The One Ring Roleplaying Game" (2011), were published respectively by Decipher Inc. and Cubicle 7. Except for the original source material, the Decipher and Cubicle 7 games share no link to ICE's "Lord of the Rings Adventure Game" and use entirely different rules systems. Lord of the Rings Adventure Game Lord of the Rings Adventure Game is a role-playing game based on the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien (specifically "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit") under license from Tolkien Enterprises. Iron Crown Enterprises (I.C.E.) published the game until they lost the

neg: The Lord of the Rings Scrolls" series of games as well as video games set in Middle-earth itself. Research also suggests that some consumers of fantasy games derive their motivation from trying to create an epic fantasy narrative which is influenced by "The Lord of the Rings". In 1965, songwriter Donald Swann, who was best known for his collaboration with Michael Flanders as Flanders & Swann, set six poems from "The Lord of the Rings" and one from "The Adventures of Tom Bombadil" ("Errantry") to music. When Swann met with Tolkien to play the songs for his approval, Tolkien suggested for "Namárië" (Galadriel's lament) a

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings with the Dutch and Swedish translations, Tolkien asked that With a view to the planned Danish translation, Tolkien decided to take action in order to avoid similar disappointments in the future. On 2 January 1967, he wrote to Otto B. Lindhardt, of the Danish publisher Gyldendals Bibliotek: Photocopies of this "commentary" were sent to translators of "The Lord of the Rings" by Allen & Unwin from 1967. After Tolkien's death, it was published as Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings, edited by Christopher Tolkien in "A Tolkien Compass" (1975). Hammond and Scull (2005) have newly transcribed

neg: Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" is a study of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien written by Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books in March 1969 and reprinted in April 1969, April 1970, July 1971, July 1972, February 1973, July 1973, June 1975 and November 1977, after which it went out of print for over twenty-five years. The book has been translated into French, Japanese and Polish. A new edition updated by Adam Roberts was published by Gollancz in August 2003;

neg: The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) of the Rings".) In the mid-1970s, Bakshi, who had since achieved box office success producing adult-oriented animated films such as "Fritz the Cat", learned of UA and Boorman's attempts to adapt the story. He was told that Boorman had planned to produce all three parts of "The Lord of the Rings" as a single film, and commented, "I thought that was madness, certainly a lack of character on Boorman's part. Why would you want to tamper with anything Tolkien did?" When Boorman's proposed adaptation fell apart, Bakshi approached the studio and proposed that he direct a three-part animated film adaptation

neg: Tolkien fandom in Scandinavia. The Tolkien Society of Sweden was founded in Gothenburg in 1968 ("of Sweden" was added in 1969 to avoid confusion with the UK society) and The Tolkien Society Forodrim was founded in Sweden in 1972. Denmark has two Tolkien societies, Bri, the Danish Tolkien Society and Imladris, which is a virtual community only. Some fans, known as Tolkien tourists, travel for the purpose of visiting "Lord of the Rings" and Tolkien-related sites. Isaac Asimov, who had read "The Lord of the Rings" three times by Tolkien's death in September 1973, wrote a Black Widowers short story as tribute

neg: Ballantine Books the Rings" including a message on the back cover from Tolkien himself urging consumers to buy Ballantine's version and boycott "unauthorized editions" (i.e. the version from Ace Books). A separate Canadian edition of the books was published with different front cover art work. Tolkien asked for (and received) permission to add the back cover message. Betty Ballantine recalled: "And we did put a little statement on the back covers saying that Ace was not paying royalties to Professor Tolkien, and everybody who admired "Lord of the Rings" should only buy our paperback edition. Well, everybody got behind us. There was

neg: The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series) The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series) During 1955 and 1956, a condensed radio dramatisation of "The Lord of the Rings" was broadcast in twelve episodes on BBC Radio's the Third Programme. These radio broadcasts were the first dramatisation of "The Lord of the Rings", a book by J. R. R. Tolkien, the final volume of which, "The Return of the King", had been published in October 1955. Since the BBC did not generally keep long-term archives of its productions at that time, no copies of the adaptation are known to have survived. The first part of the story,

neg: The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game (a.k.a. LOTR TCG) is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Decipher, Inc. Released November 2001, it is based on Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy and the J. R. R. Tolkien novel on which the films were based. Decipher also had the rights to "The Hobbit" novel but did not release any cards based on it. In addition to images taken from the films, in 2004 Weta Workshop produced artwork depicting characters and items from the novel absent from the

neg: Gandalf of the Rings". Even in "The Lord of the Rings", Gandalf was not tall; shorter, for example, than Elrond or the other wizards. Gandalf's role and importance was substantially increased in the conception of "The Lord of the Rings", and in a letter of 1954, Tolkien refers to Gandalf as an "angel incarnate". In the same letter Tolkien states he was given the form of an old man in order to limit his powers on Earth. Both in 1965 and 1971 Tolkien again refers to Gandalf as an angelic being. In a letter of 1946 Tolkien stated that he thought

neg: Gildor Inglorion Ever On", we learn that they had come from Rivendell and were returning home after a pilgrimage to the Emyn Beraid when they met Frodo. At the end of "The Lord of the Rings", Gildor and his companions accompany Elrond, Bilbo, and Galadriel to the Grey Havens. Gildor's ancestry appears to be a loose thread that Tolkien never properly tied up. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". At the time Tolkien was writing this, the name "Finrod" referred to the third son of Finwë, and this Finrod had a son, Inglor Felagund. Since "Inglorion" means "son

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers is a video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of "The Two Towers" by J.R.R. Tolkien, being the second volume in "The Lord of the Rings". The game was released in 1992 for DOS, PC-98, and FM Towns. It is a sequel to "J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I". The gameplay is similar to that of the first game. The game is an RPG wherein the player controls multiple characters

neg: The Lord of the Rings in the J. R. R. Tolkien Collection at Marquette University. The influence of the Welsh language, which Tolkien had learned, is summarized in his essay English and Welsh: "If I may once more refer to my work. The Lord of the Rings, in evidence: the names of persons and places in this story were mainly composed on patterns deliberately modelled on those of Welsh (closely similar but not identical). This element in the tale has given perhaps more pleasure to more readers than anything else in it." "The Lord of the Rings" developed as a personal exploration by Tolkien of

neg: Fran Walsh his hand at fantasy, Jackson turned to Miramax to make a film based on the works of writer J.R.R. Tolkien. In 1998, New Line Cinema provided the necessary financial backing to make a three-part adaptation of Tolkien's classic "The Lord of the Rings". Walsh, with Jackson and Philippa Boyens, is credited for writing the screenplays for "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy (2001–2003) (Stephen Sinclair has a writing credit on second film "The Two Towers"). They shared many awards, including an Oscar for their adapted screenplay for "". She also was one of the film's producers and co-composer of

neg: The Tolkien Ensemble National Chamber Choir/DR performed with The Tolkien Ensemble on "Leaving Rivendell". The release of the four-CD-box marks the end of more than ten years work and, with the participation of more than 150 professional musicians, The Tolkien Ensemble finally reached their goal: the release of the Complete Songs & Poems from The Lord of the Rings with The Tolkien Ensemble & Christopher Lee. The four-CD-box is dedicated to the memory of J.R.R. Tolkien, to The Tolkien Society in Oxford and to the millions of people for whom The Lord of the Rings has a special place in their hearts... The

neg: Tolkien (film) Tolkien (film) Tolkien is an upcoming American biographical drama film directed by Dome Karukoski and written by David Gleeson and Stephen Beresford. It is about the English professor, philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien, author of "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Silmarillion" as well as notable academic works. The film stars Nicholas Hoult and Lily Collins. On November 21, 2013, it was announced that Fox Searchlight Pictures and Chernin Entertainment were developing a biographical film about the English writer and author of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", J. R. R. Tolkien, based

neg: Gandalf Lord of the Rings" film series (2001–2003) directed by Peter Jackson, after Sean Connery and Patrick Stewart both turned down the role. The make-up and costumes were based on designs by John Howe and Alan Lee. According to Jackson, McKellen based his performance as Gandalf on Tolkien himself:We listened to audio recordings of Tolkien reading excerpts from "Lord of the Rings". We watched some BBC interviews with him — there's a few interviews with Tolkien — and Ian based his performance on an impersonation of Tolkien. He's literally basing Gandalf on Tolkien. He sounds the same, he uses the speech

neg: Themes of The Lord of the Rings Themes of The Lord of the Rings Since the publications of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings", "The Hobbit" and "The Silmarillion", a wealth of secondary literature has been published discussing the literary themes and archetypes present in the stories. Tolkien also wrote about the themes of his books in letters to friends, family and fans, and often within the books themselves. In his Foreword to the Second Edition of "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien said that he "disliked allegory in all its forms" (using the word "applicability" instead), and told those claiming the story was

neg: The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion notes on the book and jacket design of the first editions of 1954-55. The book includes some previously unpublished material by Tolkien. It also reprints part of a 1951 letter in which Tolkien explicates, at some length, his conception and vision of "The Lord of the Rings". Reprinted for the first time since 1980, and corrected and expanded, is Tolkien's "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" (previously referred to as "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings"), an index of persons, places, and things designed to aid the translator in rendering Tolkien's work into foreign languages.

neg: Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish The translations of "The Lord of the Rings" into Swedish have been the subject of controversy. Åke Ohlmarks (1911–1984) was a prolific translator, who during his career published Swedish versions of Shakespeare, Dante and the Qur'an. His translation of "The Lord of the Rings", however, was intensely disliked by author J. R. R. Tolkien, more so even than Shuchart's Dutch translation, as is evident from a 1957 letter to Rayner Unwin: Examples singled out by Tolkien in the same letter: Other dubious translations include "Vattnadal" "Water-dale" for "Rivendell", apparently by way

neg: Lord of the Rings Adventure Game Lord of the Rings Adventure Game Lord of the Rings Adventure Game is a role-playing game based on the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien (specifically "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit") under license from Tolkien Enterprises. Iron Crown Enterprises (I.C.E.) published the game until they lost the license on 22 September 1999. The setting for LOR is an expanded version of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth. Published campaign sourcebooks are set just before the year 3018 of the Third Age, i.e. just before the War of the Ring. The Player Characters are able to interact with the main characters

neg: The Lord of the Rings Amazon will be the producer in conjunction with the Tolkien Estate and The Tolkien Trust, HarperCollins and New Line Television. According to a 2018 report, it will be the most expensive TV show ever produced. In 1990, Recorded Books published an audio version of "The Lord of the Rings", with British actor Rob Inglis – who had previously starred in his own one-man stage productions of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" – reading. A large-scale musical theatre adaptation, "The Lord of the Rings" was first staged in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2006 and opened in London in

neg: The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring is a 2003 real-time strategy game (RTS) developed by Liquid Entertainment and published by Sierra Entertainment, a subsidiary of Vivendi Universal Games. Set in J. R. R. Tolkien’s fictional Middle-earth, it expands upon the events of the War of the Ring as told in his fantasy novel, "The Lord of the Rings". "War of the Ring" is unrelated to the films by Peter Jackson. The game is licensed by Tolkien Enterprises, as are other book-based (as opposed to film-based) Tolkien games such

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game) of 5 stars. As the game is without official support for many years, a community developer reverse engineered the game engine and created around 2009 a substitute which allowed the porting to modern platforms, for instance Windows, Linux and the OpenPandora handheld. J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game) J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is a role-playing video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of "The Fellowship of the Ring" by J. R. R. Tolkien, being the first volume in "The Lord of the Rings". The game was

neg: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) 5, arguing "the actual gameplay takes a backseat. The die-hard Tolkien fan will get a kick out of slugging and spell-casting their way through the first book of the "Rings" trilogy, but the casual gamer will only be disappointed by an otherwise generic action/adventure title. GameSpot's Brad Shoemaker scored it 5.7 out of 10, writing "even the blessing of Tolkien Enterprises isn't enough to save the game from its bland design and tedious gameplay." He called it "an average game at its best and a frustrating and boring one at its worst." Eurogamer's Kristan Reed scored it 4 out of

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game) J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game) J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is a role-playing video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of "The Fellowship of the Ring" by J. R. R. Tolkien, being the first volume in "The Lord of the Rings". The game was released in 1990 for DOS, in 1991 for the Amiga and PC-98, and in 1992 for the FM Towns. It was followed by "". It was originally designed for the Commodore 64, but the production team switched to the newer platforms. The

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers not otherwise have been possible". The magazine concluded that those who enjoyed the first game in the series would enjoy its sequel, while newcomers might be confused but "still find "Towers" a worthy piece of entertainment". J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers is a video game published by Interplay Productions. It is an adaptation of "The Two Towers" by J.R.R. Tolkien, being the second volume in "The Lord of the Rings". The game was released in 1992 for DOS, PC-98, and FM

neg: Middle-earth wars and battles of Orthanc. Tolkien later noted that the destruction of Isengard by the Ents was based on his disappointment in "Macbeth"; when "Birnham Wood be come to Dunsinane", Tolkien was less than thrilled that it amounted to men walking on stage with leaves in their hats. He decided that when he did that scene for himself, he would do it right. The Battle of the Hornburg is a fictional battle in J. R. R. Tolkien's novel "The Lord of the Rings". Published in the volume "The Two Towers", it is recounted in the chapter "Helm's Deep", and the aftermath is briefly

neg: Ringers: Lord of the Fans Ringers: Lord of the Fans Ringers: Lord of the Fans is a 2005 documentary film investigating the growth of the Tolkien fandom all the way from the release of "The Hobbit" book by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1937 to Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy (2001-2003). The film tells about the early days of the Tolkien fandom when it was part of the hippie culture and influenced many people in the pop world, some of whom became famous and are interviewed, including David Carradine, and Lemmy of Motörhead. "Ringers" includes Leonard Nimoy (Spock in "Star Trek") performing

neg: Hobbit Marvellous Land of Snergs" "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits" and he told an interviewer that the word "hobbit" "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's Babbitt" (like hobbits, George Babbitt enjoys the comforts of his home). However, Tolkien claims that he started "The Hobbit" suddenly, without premeditation, in the midst of grading a set of student essay exams, writing on a blank piece of paper: "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit". While "The Hobbit" introduced this comfortable race to the world, it is only in writing "The Lord of the Rings" that Tolkien

neg: Black Speech Salo. Russian historian Alexander Nemirovski claimed a strong similarity to Hurrian, which had recently been partially deciphered at the time of the writing of "The Lord of the Rings", E. A. Speiser's "Introduction to Hurrian" appearing in 1941. Black Speech The Black Speech is a fictional language created by J. R. R. Tolkien. One of the languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien in Tolkien's legendarium, it was spoken in the realm of Mordor. Tolkien describes the language as being created by Sauron as a (in-universe) constructed language to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, thereby

neg: Eldarion the events in the book. For a time, Tolkien considered writing a sequel to "The Lord of the Rings", called "The New Shadow", which would have taken place in Eldarion's reign, and in which Eldarion deals with his people turning to evil practices; however, Tolkien later dropped the idea. In a 1972 letter concerning this draft, Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn. Though the name Eldarion is not used, a son of Aragorn and Arwen appears as a child in "The Return of the King", the final entry in

neg: Jane Chance and Text in the Later Middle Ages" (1996) and "Women Medievalists and the Academy" (2005), which Helen Damico, writing in "JEGP", called "massive in size and major in significance". Chance is also a leading Tolkien scholar. Her books in this field include "Tolkien's Art: A "Mythology for England"" (1979; revised edition 2001), "The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power" (1992; revised edition 2001), in which she uses the theoretical framework of Michel Foucault, "Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader" (2004), and "Tolkien, Self and Other: "This Queer Creature"" (2016), a biography with literary analysis. Chance was

neg: Middle-earth canon Lúthien; the Elven king was Thingol and his land Menegroth. When he revised "The Hobbit" to bring the story of the finding of the Ring in line with "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien retained the original version as the tale Bilbo told to justify his acquisition of the Ring. "The Lord of the Rings" picks up the story of "The Hobbit" some sixty years later, and contains many of the same locations and characters. Tolkien now explicitly linked the story to the "Silmarillion" tales, but placed it some six thousand years later in time. This reframing made some details

neg: Lord of the Rings: Game One lacked coherent solutions. Lord of the Rings: Game One Lord of the Rings: Game One (released in North America as The Fellowship of the Ring: A Software Adventure) is a computer game released in and based on the book "The Fellowship of the Ring", by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was the follow-up to the 1982 game "The Hobbit", although did not reach the same level of critical and commercial success as its predecessor, and is considered inferior by the gaming community, with many complaining about the removal of the real-time aspects and complex AI patterns of the previous game,

neg: Lord of the Rings: Game One Lord of the Rings: Game One Lord of the Rings: Game One (released in North America as The Fellowship of the Ring: A Software Adventure) is a computer game released in and based on the book "The Fellowship of the Ring", by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was the follow-up to the 1982 game "The Hobbit", although did not reach the same level of critical and commercial success as its predecessor, and is considered inferior by the gaming community, with many complaining about the removal of the real-time aspects and complex AI patterns of the previous game, and puzzles that

neg: Tolkien tourism Tolkien tourism Tolkien tourism is a phenomenon of fans of "The Lord of the Rings" fictional universe travelling to sites of film- and book-related significance. It is especially notable in New Zealand, site of the movie trilogy by Peter Jackson, where it is credited as having raised the annual tourism numbers. The three films ("", "", and "") based on the novel "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien were shot in various locations throughout New Zealand, and many of these locations have been preserved and altered to encourage the tourism that makes up a significant portion

neg: The Tolkien Ensemble The Tolkien Ensemble The Tolkien Ensemble (founded in 1995) is a Danish ensemble which aims to create "the world's first complete musical interpretation of the poems and songs from "The Lord of the Rings"". They published four CDs from 1997 to 2005, in which all the poems and songs of "The Lord of the Rings" are set to music. The project was approved by both the Tolkien family and HarperCollins Publishers. Queen Margrethe II of Denmark gave permission to use her illustrations in the CD layout. Permanent members are Caspar Reiff and Peter Hall (composition, singing and guitar), Signe Asmussen

neg: Radagast "[[The Lord of the Rings]]" is after the [[Council of Elrond]] when it is decided to summon all the allies against Sauron together. Scouts are sent to look for help, and it is reported that Radagast is not at his home at Rhosgobel and cannot be found. Tolkien makes no mention of what has happened to Radagast, and he plays no further role in events. Tolkien wrote that Radagast gave up his mission as one of the Wizards by becoming too obsessed with animals and plants. He also wrote that he did not believe that Radagast's failure was as great

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings 38 (or 39) languages for which translations of ""The Hobbit" and/or "The Lord of the Rings"" exist: For some of these languages, there is a translation of "The Hobbit", but not of "The Lord of the Rings". For some languages, there is more than one translation of "The Lord of the Rings". These notably include Russian, besides Swedish, Norwegian, German, Polish and Slovenian. In addition to languages mentioned above, there are published translations of the Hobbit into Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Esperanto, Faroese, Georgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, and Persian. Comparatively few translations appeared during Tolkien's lifetime: when Tolkien died on

neg: Glorfindel Glorfindel Glorfindel () is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. He is introduced in various material relating to the First Age of Middle-earth, including "The Silmarillion". The name is also used for a character in "The Lord of the Rings", which takes place in Middle-earth's Third Age. In late writings, Tolkien works out how the two characters were one and the same, though this is not evident from the published versions of "The Silmarillion" and "The Lord of the Rings". The character and his name (meaning "blond, golden-haired") were among the first created, when Tolkien first conceived of

neg: Mr. Bliss a drawer until 1957, when he sold it (as well as the original manuscripts of "The Lord of the Rings", "The Hobbit", and "Farmer Giles of Ham") to Marquette University for £1,250. The book was published in 1982, with Tolkien's difficult-to-read handwritten story and illustrations on one page, and a typeset transcription on the facing page. Tolkien used two names from "Mr. Bliss" for hobbits in "The Lord of the Rings": Gaffer Gamgee and Boffin. Mr. Bliss Mr. Bliss is a children's picture book by J. R. R. Tolkien, published posthumously in book form in 1982. One of Tolkien's least-known

neg: The Lord of the Rings & Unwin until 1990 when the publisher and its assets were acquired by HarperCollins. In the early 1960s Donald A. Wollheim, science fiction editor of the paperback publisher Ace Books, claimed that "The Lord of the Rings" was not protected in the United States under American copyright law because Houghton Mifflin, the US hardcover publisher, had neglected to copyright the work in the United States. Then, in 1965, Ace Books proceeded to publish an edition, unauthorized by Tolkien and without paying royalties to him. Tolkien took issue with this and quickly notified his fans of this objection. Grass-roots pressure from

neg: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien (1980); earlier they had made a TV animation of "The Hobbit" (1977). "The Lord of the Rings" was adapted as a trilogy of films (2001–03), directed by Peter Jackson. "The Hobbit" was also adapted as a trilogy (2012–14), with some elements adapted from "The Return of the King"'s Appendices. The split of Tolkien's works between Tolkien Enterprises and the Tolkien Estate means that none of the Tolkien Enterprises' products can include source material from outside "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", and therefore a film or stage version of "The Silmarillion" is highly unlikely. Comparisons have been made

neg: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien to "The Lord of the Rings" in the early 1970s. She sent them to Tolkien, who was struck by the similarity to the style of his own drawings. In 1977, Queen Margrethe's drawings were published in the Danish translation of the book, which was reissued in 2002, redrawn by the British artist Eric Fraser. Tim and Greg Hildebrandt were also well-known Tolkien illustrators during the first decades after the publication of "The Lord of the Rings". In the 1970s, British artist Jimmy Cauty created a best-selling poster of the Hobbit for the retailer Athena. Probably the widest-known Tolkien illustrators of

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings a sample of her work. In her preparation for The Lord of the Rings, unlike Schluchart and Ohlmarks, Carroux even visited Tolkien in Oxford with a suitcase full of his published works and questions about them. Yet, mainly due to a cold that both Tolkien and his wife were going through at the time, the meeting was later described as inhospitable and 'chilly', Tolkien being 'harsh', 'taciturn' and 'severely ill'. Later correspondences with Carroux turned out to be much more encouraging with Tolkien being generally very pleased with Carroux's work, with the sole exception of the poems and songs, that

neg: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien "The Lord Of The Rings, Aragon's Quest" which is a third person game based on Aragon's role in the book. The creators of the "Dungeons and Dragons" role-playing game were also strongly influenced by Tolkien. The game has (clearly Tolkien-influenced) dwarves and elves as playable characters, and formerly had hobbits as well. After being threatened with a lawsuit by the Saul Zaentz company, Tolkien Enterprises, they replaced hobbits with the similar "halflings" — a term also used in "The Lord of the Rings", balrogs with 'balor-demons' and other genericized names. In most versions of the game, halflings were especially good

neg: The Lord of the Rings his interests in philology, religion (particularly Roman Catholicism), fairy tales, Norse and general Germanic mythology, and also Celtic, Slavic, Persian, Greek, and Finnish mythology. Tolkien acknowledged, and external critics have verified, the influences of George MacDonald and William Morris and the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf". The question of a direct influence of Wagner's "The Nibelung's Ring" on Tolkien's work is debated by critics. Tolkien included neither any explicit religion nor cult in his work. Rather the themes, moral philosophy, and cosmology of "The Lord of the Rings" reflect his Catholic worldview. In one of his letters Tolkien states, "The Lord of

neg: Éomer Éomer Éomer is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He appears in "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King", the second and third volumes of Tolkien's fantasy novel "The Lord of the Rings". The name Éomer, meaning "Horse-famous" in Anglo-Saxon, occurs in "Beowulf", at line 1959, as that of a king descended from Offa, King of the Angles. Tolkien had studied "Beowulf" extensively and drew material from it in writing "The Lord of the Rings". Éomer is the son of Théodwyn and Éomund, belonging to the House of Eorl. After their parents' death Éomer and

neg: Eärendil own mythology". The longest poem in "The Lord of the Rings" is the song about Eärendil which Bilbo sings at Rivendell. This poem has an extraordinarily complex history. Long before writing "The Lord of the Rings", Tolkien wrote a poem he called "Errantry", probably in the early 1930s, which was published in "The Oxford Magazine" on Nov. 9, 1933. Although this fanciful poem does not mention Eärendil, nor does it refer to any names or events from his mythology, Bilbo's song ultimately derives from it. There are six texts of different versions of this poem extant in Tolkien's papers, and

neg: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien were sold to Tolkien Enterprises, a division of the Saul Zaentz Company. In the early seventies John Boorman was planning a film of "The Lord of the Rings", but the plans never went further because of movie studio politics. Some of the work done was resurrected for the film "Excalibur" in 1981. Ralph Bakshi directed an animated movie adaptation of "The Lord of the Rings" in 1978 (partly made with the rotoscope technique), which covered only the first half of "The Lord of the Rings". Rankin-Bass covered the second half with a children's TV animation "The Return of the King"

neg: Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings" to his editorial guidance of the groundbreaking Ballantine Adult Fantasy series. Carter's study was intended to serve as an introduction to Tolkien for those unfamiliar with his work. His introduction briefly reviews the publishing phenomenon of "The Lord of the Rings" and its burgeoning popularity in the wake of the first paperback editions in the 1960s, after which he devotes three chapters to a short biography of the author through the late 1960s, including an account of how "The Lord of the Rings" was written. Four chapters explaining Tolkien's invented Middle-earth and summarizing the stories of "The Hobbit" and the

neg: The Lord of the Rings in "Misty Mountain Hop", and Ringwraiths in "The Battle of Evermore". In 1970, the Swedish musician Bo Hansson released an instrumental concept album based on the book titled "Sagan om ringen" (translated as "The Saga of the Ring", which was the title of the Swedish translation of "The Lord of the Rings" at the time). The album was subsequently released internationally as "Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings" in 1972. The songs "Rivendell" and "The Necromancer" by the progressive rock band Rush were inspired by Tolkien. Styx also paid homage to Tolkien on their album "Pieces of Eight" with

neg: The Lord of the Rings the Shadow", "The Treason of Isengard", "The War of the Ring", and "Sauron Defeated". The novel has been translated, with various degrees of success, into at least 56 languages. Tolkien, an expert in philology, examined many of these translations, and made comments on each that reflect both the translation process and his work. As he was unhappy with some choices made by early translators, such as the Swedish translation by Åke Ohlmarks, Tolkien wrote a "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (1967). Because "The Lord of the Rings" purports to be a translation of the fictitious

neg: J. R. R. Tolkien audience, drawing on the immense backstory of Beleriand that Tolkien had constructed in previous years, and which eventually saw posthumous publication in "The Silmarillion" and other volumes. Tolkien's influence weighs heavily on the fantasy genre that grew up after the success of "The Lord of the Rings". "The Lord of the Rings" became immensely popular in the 1960s and has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the 20th century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted by the BBC, "The Lord of the Rings"

neg: Translations of The Lord of the Rings 2 September 1973, the Dutch, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Danish, German and French translations had been published completely, and the Japanese and Finnish ones in part. The Russian translations are a special case because many unpublished and unauthorized translations circulated in the 1970s and 1980s Soviet Union, which were gradually published from the 1990s. Translations of The Lord of the Rings "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien, written originally in English, has since been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of other languages. Tolkien, an expert in Germanic philology, scrutinized those that were under preparation

neg: Two Trees of Valinor Celeborn was brought as a gift to the Men who lived on the island of Númenor to the east of Valinor. It was known as Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor. When the dark lord Sauron took control of the island, he made king Ar-Pharazôn chop it down. Fortunately, the hero Isildur managed to save a single fruit of Nimloth, and planted seedlings in Middle-earth. These White Tree(s) of Gondor were mentioned in Tolkien's best-known published work, "The Lord of the Rings". Tolkien never mentioned any tree made in the likeness of Laurelin, writing that "of Laurelin the Golden no

neg: The Lord of the Rings also incorporated many Tolkien references into their music. American heavy metal band Megadeth released two songs titled "This Day We Fight!" and "How the Story Ends", which were both inspired by "The Lord of the Rings". German folk metal band Eichenschild is named for Thorin Oakenshield, a character in "The Hobbit", and naturally has a number of Tolkien-themed songs. They are not to be confused with the '70s folk rock band Thorin Eichenschild. In 1988, Dutch composer and trombonist Johan de Meij completed his "Symphony No. 1 "The Lord of the Rings"," which encompassed 5 movements, titled "Gandalf", "Lothlórien", "Gollum",

neg: Imaginary Worlds: The Art of Fantasy the "Ballantine Adult Fantasy series", established Carter as an authority on the genre. Carter's study was intended to serve as an introduction to fantasy. The first eight chapters detail the history of the modern genre from the late nineteenth century through the early 1970s, when Carter was writing, a subject he had previously covered more briefly in "Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings"". Its origins are discovered in the novels of William Morris, and followed through the writings of Lord Dunsany, E. R. Eddison and James Branch Cabell. Separate attention is then devoted to the subsequent development

neg: The Fellowship of the Ring The Fellowship of the Ring The Fellowship of the Ring is the first of three volumes of the epic novel "The Lord of the Rings" by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It is followed by "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King". It takes place in the fictional universe of Middle-earth. It was originally published on 29 July 1954 in the United Kingdom. The volume consists of a foreword, in which the author discusses his writing of "The Lord of the Rings", a prologue titled "Concerning Hobbits, and other matters", and the main narrative in Book

neg: The History of Middle-earth published, including the "Annals of Beleriand" and the "Annals of Aman". Book twelve discusses the development of the Appendices to "The Lord of the Rings" and examines assorted writings from the last years of Tolkien's life. Christopher Tolkien made the decision not to include any material related to "The Hobbit" in "The History of Middle-earth" because it was not originally intended to form part of the mythology, but was a children's story and originally not set in Middle-earth, but was revised during the writing of "The Lord of the Rings". "The History of The Hobbit" was published separately, in two

neg: Arwen with Maiarin blood through Arwen's great-great-great grandmother, Melian, Queen of Doriath, and also on Aragorn's side, through the line of kings of Arnor and Númenor to Elros, Elrond's brother, whose great-great-grandmother was also Melian. As related in "The History of Middle-earth", Tolkien conceived the character of "Elrond's daughter" late in the writing. Prior to this, he considered having Aragorn marry Éowyn. Arwen does not appear in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 adaptation of "The Lord of the Rings", nor in the 1980 Rankin-Bass adaptation of "The Return of the King". In Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Arwen is

neg: The Lord of the Rings (film series) games were released to supplement the film series. They include: "," Pinball, "", "", , "", "", "", "", "The Lord of the Rings Online", "", "", "", "Lego The Lord of the Rings", "Guardians of Middle-earth", "Lego The Hobbit (video game)", "", and "". The Lord of the Rings (film series) The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled "" (2001), "" (2002) and "" (2003). They

neg: Rings of Power Dwarves did not respond to the One's control as Sauron expected. But the Men who wore the Nine were enslaved by Sauron, and became the Nazgûl ("ringwraiths"). Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" is largely concerned with the attempt of Sauron to recover the One and the efforts of the West to forestall him by destroying it. The One is destroyed near the end of the War of the Ring when it falls into the Cracks of Doom in Orodruin, along with Gollum, who had bitten off Frodo’s finger on which he was wearing the Ring. Tolkien is not entirely

neg: Orc "ogre", "demon", together with "orqindi" and "ogresse". Tolkien sometimes used the plural form "orqui" in his early texts. Tolkien sometimes, particularly in "The Hobbit", used the word "goblin" instead of orc to describe the creatures. He notes that "orc" is "usually translated" as "goblin". In "The Lord of the Rings", "goblin" is also used as an alternative to "orc", particularly in chapters describing events from a hobbit's perspective. Thus, the Uruk-hai of Isengard and the Mordor orc-captain Grishnakh are described as both "orcs" and "goblins" in "The Lord of the Rings". Later in his life, Tolkien expressed an intention to

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES video game) J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES video game) J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is an action role-playing game produced by Interplay Productions for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is an adaptation of "The Fellowship of the Ring" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The player begins the game as Frodo Baggins, and progressively acquires the remaining members of the Fellowship; Samwise Gamgee, Peregrin Took, Meriadoc Brandybuck, Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, and Gandalf (Boromir strangely only makes a single brief appearance). With the addition of extra controllers and the Super Multitap, the game supported

neg: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES video game) poor AI and hours of "lengthy and boring" fetch quests. J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES video game) J.R.R. Tolkien<nowiki>'</nowiki>s The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I is an action role-playing game produced by Interplay Productions for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is an adaptation of "The Fellowship of the Ring" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The player begins the game as Frodo Baggins, and progressively acquires the remaining members of the Fellowship; Samwise Gamgee, Peregrin Took, Meriadoc Brandybuck, Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, and Gandalf (Boromir strangely only makes a single brief appearance). With the addition

neg: Elladan and Elrohir with Celeborn for a time after their father's departure, Tolkien noted that they were allowed to delay their choices. Elladan and Elrohir make an appearance in Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, at the very end when Aragorn is crowned and also sitting behind Elrond at the council in Rivendell. They also appear in the related "The Lord of the Rings" Trading Card. They feature as miniatures in "The Lord of the Rings" Strategy Battle Game, in which their character profiles maintain that they are twins. Moreover, they appear in the PC-game "", standing in the Trollshaws,