query: when did the bedroom tax came into force

pos: Welfare Reform Act 2012 Welfare Reform Act 2012 The Welfare Reform Act 2012 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom which makes changes to the rules concerning a number of benefits offered within the British social security system. It was enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 8 March 2012. Among the provisions of the Act are changes to housing benefit which came into force on 1 April 2013. These changes include an "under-occupancy penalty" which reduces the amount of benefit paid to claimants if they are deemed to have too much living space in the property they are renting.

pos: Welfare Reform Act 2012 his own throat in protest of the bedroom tax. The injuries were not fatal. Welfare Reform Act 2012 The Welfare Reform Act 2012 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom which makes changes to the rules concerning a number of benefits offered within the British social security system. It was enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 8 March 2012. Among the provisions of the Act are changes to housing benefit which came into force on 1 April 2013. These changes include an "under-occupancy penalty" which reduces the amount of benefit paid to claimants if they

neg: Marvin Gay Sr. his mother to do it in person. When Gay initially refused, Marvin threatened him to not enter his room, according to interviews from Alberta Gay, the only other witness to the shooting. When Gay did enter, his son, angry, despondent, and heavily intoxicated, shoved his father into the hallway, then hit him. The fight continued in Gaye's bedroom where Marvin reportedly struck his father and kicked and punched him severely. Alberta successfully separated the men and convinced Marvin to leave the room. At approximately 12:38 p.m. (PST), minutes after returning to his bedroom, Gay came back to the bedroom with

neg: Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island abolition of the slave trade. Rhode Island's first congressman Benjamin Bourne took his seat that year on August 31. Rhode Island took 101 years to call a vote on ratification of the 17th amendment which began the direct election of senators. The measure came into force in 1913, but the Rhode Island General Assembly did not take up debate on the matter until 2013, ultimately passing it the following year. Rhode Island earlier rejected the 16th amendment establishing a federal income tax, which came into force in 1913 despite its opposition. Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island

neg: History of taxation in the United Kingdom and in 1670. The tax was eventually repealed in 1889. In 1692, the Parliament of England introduced a national land tax. This tax was levied on rental values and applied both to rural and to urban land. No provision was made for re-assessing the 1692 valuations and consequently they remained in force well into the 18th century. When the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into being on May 1, 1707, the window tax, which had been introduced across England and Wales under the Act of Making Good the Deficiency of the Clipped Money in 1696, continued. It had been

neg: Members of the House of Lords provision since the Act came into force and are still living or have died since December 2017: Under section 41 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, peers are automatically and compulsorily treated as domiciled in the United Kingdom for tax purposes. Section 42 allowed peers who did not wish to comply with the provision to choose within three months of the act coming into force to give notice with the same effect as to resign and retire from the House of Lords. The following peers opted to exercise that right and are still living or have died since

neg: Goods and services tax (Canada) it was posited that removing the MST would make Canada more competitive. Once the MST was replaced with the GST prices did not initially fall by the level some thought appropriate immediately; however, proponents have argued that in Canada's market economy the MST's replacement could only be expected to influence prices over time and not on a stroke. Despite the opposition, the tax came into force on January 1, 1991. A strong Liberal Party majority was elected under the leadership of Jean Chrétien in the 1993 election. The Progressive Conservative Party fared very poorly in that election, winning only two

neg: The Truth (Seinfeld) them comes to a head when Kramer unknowingly walks into Elaine's bedroom and sees her naked. Eventually, Kramer and Tina accidentally break the windshield coffee table during a make-out session, severely injuring them and leading to Tina being admitted to the hospital. Upon learning that Patrice checked into a depression clinic (described as a "mental institution" by George), Jerry and George go to visit her. When George introduces her to Jerry, she recognizes him as "the Jerome with the tax problems." She reveals to them that after she left George, she got upset and threw out Jerry's tax papers. Unfortunately,

neg: Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags banned the distribution of lightweight plastic bags that are not from biodegradable sources. Latvia will introduce a bag charge on 1 January 2019. Lithuania will introduce a bag charge on 31 December 2018. Luxembourg applies a tax to plastic bags. Malta has had an eco-tax on plastic bags since 2009, but it is poorly enforced. The Moldovan parliament has passed legislation banning plastic bags. It came into force for larger retailers in 2017, came into force for medium-sized retailers on 1 January 2018 and is scheduled for small retailers in 2020. The Netherlands implemented a comprehensive ban on free plastic

neg: Lilan Chanesar one condition. Lila became impatient and asked for the condition. Kaunru told her that the necklace would be hers if she would just let her spend one night with Chanesar. When Lila spoke to Chanesar he did not approve of her idea. One day, Chanesar came home after a party and was heavily drunk. Lila considered it her best opportunity and she allowed Kaunru into her bedroom. In the morning when Chanesar woke up, he was shocked to see Kaunru instead of Lila sharing his bed. He was very angry and was about to leave the room, when Mirkhi (Kaunru’s

neg: Landfill Tax (Scotland) Act 2014 was discussed by and subsequently passed by Parliament in late 2013 and became law on 21 January 2014, having received Royal Assent. Sections 34, 35, 40, 41, 42 and 44 of the Act came into force on the day of Royal Ascent, with the remainder coming into force through later orders of the Scottish Ministers. Scottish Landfill Tax became payable from 1 April 2015 on qualifying deposits of waste at landfill. The Act specified that the tax payable for disposal of waste at landfill would be set by multiplying the standard rate by the weight of the deposit, with the

neg: Learchus (regicide) came over when Eryxo was ready. This was when it was revealed that Eryxo and her brother, Polyarchus were plotting to kill Learchus in revenge for the deaths of their father, the Cyrenaean noble, and King Arcesilaus. Polyarchus and two other conspirators kept swords ready, waiting and hiding in Eryxo's bedroom. Eryxo had asked Learchus to come to her bedroom, which he did, unattended. As Learchus entered, the young men fell upon him and ran their swords through his body, killing him. Learchus’ body was thrown over the wall. Polyarchus then brought out Battus III and proclaimed him the king

neg: Corporation Tax Act 2009 Ireland. Corporation Tax Act 2009 The Corporation Tax Act 2009 (c 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It restated certain legislation relating to corporation tax, with minor changes that were mainly intended "to clarify existing provisions, make them consistent or bring the law into line with well established practice." The Bill was the work of the Tax Law Rewrite Project team at HM Revenue and Customs.It has the distinction of being the longest Act in British Parliamentary history Sections 1310, 1323, 1324, 1325(2) and (3) and 1328 to 1330 came into force on 26 March

neg: Corporation Tax Act 2009 Corporation Tax Act 2009 The Corporation Tax Act 2009 (c 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It restated certain legislation relating to corporation tax, with minor changes that were mainly intended "to clarify existing provisions, make them consistent or bring the law into line with well established practice." The Bill was the work of the Tax Law Rewrite Project team at HM Revenue and Customs.It has the distinction of being the longest Act in British Parliamentary history Sections 1310, 1323, 1324, 1325(2) and (3) and 1328 to 1330 came into force on 26 March 2009.

neg: Indian Air Force this was when a good management of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops. When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force. At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted. The IAF saw significant conflict in 1960, when Belgium's 75-year rule over Congo

neg: Economy of Georgia (country) the cost (% of income per capita) is much more lower, than in ECA region and OECD countries. Things have changed after new Law on Issuance of Licenses and Permits was introduced in 2005. The approval process for building a warehouse in Georgia is now more efficient than in all EU countries except Denmark. Since January, 2011 the new Tax Code came into force. It unifies the old Tax and Customs Codes. The new Tax Code increased confidence towards the Georgian tax system and enhanced trust in the Georgian tax authorities, by improving communication between taxpayers and the tax authorities,

neg: German New Guinea new laws that required the tribes to furnish four weeks of labour per person annually and payment of a poll tax in cash, thereby forcing reluctant natives into the work force. The government did explore the choice of voluntary recruitment of labourers from China, Japan, and Micronesia, but only a few hundred came. After 1910 the government tried to ameliorate the impact by ending the recruitment of women in some areas and entirely closing other areas to recruiting. The planters protested vehemently, deciding to go to war with the whites, and the government responded by sending 4 warships with 745

neg: Joe Clark received royal assent in July 1982 and came into force in July 1983. The public now has the legal right of access to government records in some 150 federal departments and agencies. Though the election had been held in May, Parliament did not resume sitting until October, one of the longest break periods in Confederation. The gas tax in the budget soured Clark's relationship with Ontario Premier Bill Davis, even though both were Red Tories. Even before the budget, the government was criticized for its perceived inexperience, such as in its handling of its campaign commitment to move Canada's embassy

neg: Corruption to a large extent, ranging from simple legalization, through governmental subsidization (tax deduction), up to extremes like in Germany where foreign corruption was fostered, whereas domestic was legally prosecuted. Consequently, in order to support national export corporations the Parliamentary Financial Commission recommended to reject a related previous Parliamentary Proposal by the opposition leader which had been aiming to limit German foreign corruption on the basis of the US FCPA. Only after the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention came into force, did Germany withdraw the legalization of foreign corruption in 1999. The Foreign corrupt practices of industrialized OECD countries 1994 (Parliamentary Financial Commission

neg: Jamie DeWolf microphones that were just opening up in the bedroom communities of Benicia and Vallejo in the late 1990s. "I would come in with this fire and blood," DeWolf said. "And they did not want that." He found himself going to open mic sessions but it was only when he found poetry slams that he came into his own. "The first time I went to a poetry slam, it was the only place that people wouldn't kick me out; they would just give me low scores." "The competition made me better. It also made me aware of how my words could

neg: Nick Raynsford the 2010 Parliament, he was a consistent critic of the Bedroom Tax, and in July 2014 co-sponsored the Affordable Homes Bill, which seeks to limit the impact of the Bedroom Tax on tenants in the social rented sector. He also co-chaired a Parliamentary inquiry into youth unemployment which encouraged the promotion of apprenticeships in the construction industry. As a constituency MP, Raynsford promoted regeneration in the Greenwich Borough, including campaigns for the North Greenwich Station on the Jubilee Line, the extension of the DLR to Greenwich and Woolwich, and the campaign to secure a Crossrail Station in Woolwich, and support

neg: McCrone report oil price collapsed. The civil servants summed up by finding that there was "a good case for the continuation of the Union." The report came to light in 2005 when the SNP obtained several UK Government papers under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. The full provisions of the Act came into force on 1 January 2005. UK oil production peaked in 1999 and had declined 67% by 2012, but petroleum still contributed £35bn to the UK balance of payments in 2011. The UK government took an estimated £6,530m in direct petroleum taxes in 2012-13 plus £6bn in income tax,

neg: Edmund Rubbra were apparent from early on. He remembered waking one winter's morning when he was about three or four years old, and noticing something different about the light in his bedroom; there was light where there was usually shadow, and vice versa. When his father came into the room, Edmund asked him why this was. His father explained that there had been a fall of snow during the night, and so the sunlight was reflecting off the snow and entering Edmund's bedroom from below, instead of above, thus reversing the patterns of light and shade. When Rubbra was much older he

neg: Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 This contributed to rising deficits, and the supposed increase in demand from the lower sector did not pan out. On the supply side of the spectrum, the records show that the increase in taxes did not raise the revenues of the economy, and in turn did not increase the consumerism of lower waged citizens. The idea was one that seemed promising, but the much of this wealthy would just collect at the top of the tax bracket and not be reinvested into the economy like the legislators thought. Reagan came into office with a national debt of around $900 billion,

neg: Double Irish arrangement withholding tax (thus ending the dutch sandwich), but they are subject to conditions that will not suit all Double Irish arrangements. The 2014–16 EU investigation into Apple in Ireland (see below), showed that the Double Irish existed as far back as 1991. Early U.S. academic research in 1994 into U.S. multinational use of tax havens identified "profit shifting" accounting techniques. U.S. congressional investigations into the tax practices of U.S. multinationals were aware of such BEPS tools for many years. However, the U.S. did not try to force the closure of the Double Irish BEPS tool, instead it was the EU

neg: Taxation in Kazakhstan In 1995 the President issued a Decree “On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget" (the “Decree”), which regulated the tax system in Kazakhstan. The Decree only provided for general information on taxes and referred to several instructions which provided for specific information on each of the taxes. In 2002 the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget (the “2002 Tax Code”) came into force. The 2002 Tax Code was a more comprehensive legal act than the Decree. In fact, the 2002 Tax Code regulated the relationships between the state and

neg: Taxation in Kazakhstan the taxpayer and provided for procedures on calculation and payment of taxes. In 2008 the President announced that the Republic of Kazakhstan requires a new tax code, which should provide for lower tax rates and simplified tax administration procedures. As a result, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget (the “Tax Code”) was adopted on 10 December 2008 and came into force as of 1 January 2009. </ref> Taxation in Kazakhstan The main legal act establishing and regulating taxation in Kazakhstan is the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes

neg: Juanita Morrow Nelson at her home." Juanita was released the same day, and the government never did collect the money they claimed she owed them. Over time, the Nelsons came to adopt the income-reduction method of war tax resistance. "Living on a reduced income is related to our refusal only as a progression of awareness, that our entire economic life is tied into violence. It seemed logical that the less we participated, the less we'd be giving to that system." Along with Wally, Juanita and another war tax resister, Eroseanna Robinson, were also arrested and dubbed the "Elkton Three" when they attempted to

neg: Mansion tax one or two bedroom flats. A further issue is that a mansion tax could require an expensive and unpopular valuation exercise to be carried out, possibly in tandem with revisiting council tax bands. The exact amount of tax that would be raised is also uncertain. After Labour's May 2015 election defeat, Labour leadership candidates began to distance themselves from the policy. Andy Burnham said the mansion tax had been too “symbolic” and played into a public dislike of the “politics of envy”. Mary Creagh, another candidate for the leadership, said: “It alienated a whole bunch of people who said we

neg: Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia to the disputed territories in return for a Bolivian promise not to increase tax, Chile responded that the treaty did not allow for such a tax hike. Bolivia suspended the tax in April 1878. In November Chile proposed a mediation and cautioned that Daza's refusal to cancel the tax would force Chile to declare null the 1874 Treaty. In December 1878 Bolivia, counting in its military alliance with Peru, challenged Chile and said the tax was unrelated to the treaty and that the claim of the CSFA should be addressed in Bolivian courts, and revived the tax. When the company

neg: Council of the Republic (France) Council of the Republic (France) The Council of the Republic () was the name of the upper house of the legislature of the French Fourth Republic (1946–1958). It was replaced by the Senate when the constitution of the French Fifth Republic came into force. The constitution of the Fourth Republic, which came into force in 1946, stipulated that parliament was bicameral. The upper house was named the "Council of the Republic" (as opposed to the Senate of the Third Republic) and was granted greatly diminished powers. The council did not have the power to make laws, which was the responsibility

neg: International status and usage of the euro pegged to the French franc. Between 2010 and 2012, new agreements between the EU and Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City came into force. A similar agreement was negotiated with Andorra and came into force on 1 April 2012. Andorra did not previously have an official currency. Prior to 2002, it used both the French franc and Spanish peseta as "de facto" legal tender currencies, though they never had an official monetary arrangement with either country, and switched to the euro (without any monetary agreement) when it was introduced on 1 January 2002. After years of negotiations, partially over

neg: Qajar dynasty pursue their interests in the northern sphere, the British in the south and east; both powers would be free to compete for economic and political advantage in a neutral sphere in the center. Matters came to a head when Morgan Shuster, a United States administrator hired as treasurer general by the Persian government to reform its finances, sought to collect taxes from powerful officials who were Russian protégés and to send members of the treasury gendarmerie, a tax department police force, into the Russian zone. When in December 1911 the Majlis unanimously refused a Russian ultimatum demanding Shuster's dismissal, Russian

neg: McDowell Sonoran Conservancy began leading informal educational hikes into the future Preserve and writing numerous articles for local periodicals in order to build support among influential citizens. The initiatives of 1992 and 1993 bore fruit in 1994, when the city council, acting on task force recommendations, created a permanent McDowell Sonoran Preserve Commission (Preserve Commission), and endorsed a plan to acquire 25 square miles of land. Public support came the following year when 64% of Scottsdale’s voters approved a 0.2% sales tax to fund land acquisition. Land desired for the McDowell Sonoran Preserve was selected based on: • Access potential • Unique geological,

neg: History of the British salt tax in India order abolishing the salt tax, but the order was vetoed by the Viceroy, Lord Wavell. The salt tax continued in force until March 1947, when it was abolished by the Interim Government of India headed by Jawaharlal Nehru , by the then-Finance Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. A modified salt tax was later introduced, to the Republic of India, via the Salt Cess Act, 1953, which received the assent of the President on 26 December 1953, and was brought into force on 2 January 1954. History of the British salt tax in India Taxation of salt has occurred in India since

neg: Peter Lim Lim and his seven siblings grew up in a two-bedroom government flat in the Bukit Ho Swee public housing estate. Lim completed his secondary school education at the Raffles Institution. After National Service, he went to Perth to study at the University of Western Australia. To fund his university education, Lim worked part-time doing odd jobs as a taxi driver, cook and waiter. He graduated with a degree in accounting and finance and first worked as an accountant. He did some tax consultancy before going into stocks. Lim was a stockbroker, providing investment advisory to high net worth clients, in

neg: Sanborn incident of the Treasury to hire three persons to "discover and collect" unknown taxes to the United States government. If they collected they would receive 50% commission. Previously, acting Treasury Secretary William Adams Richardson, hired Sanborn as an independent tax collector on a 50 percent commission basis, known as a moiety. What Sanborn did instead was to take already existing tax cases, and put them on his contract, so when they came in, he would collect 50%. When the charges came, and congress investigated the documents. In the following testimony, Richardson said he didn't read the contracts, he resigned few months

neg: Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags bag including degradable plastic bags. And money which came from tax are used by retailers as public funds for waste management alongside non-governmental organizations. Since January 2017, large retailers are required to charge consumers for plastic bags with handles, at NIS 0.10 for each bag. The tax revenues will be used to fund public waste-management programs. The average use of plastic bags in Israel in 2014 was 275 per person per year. Four months after the law came into force, the number of disposable plastic bags distributed by retailers subject to the law had dropped by 80%. Legislation in Japan

neg: Mariam Tsitsishvili drew the dagger from beneath the cushion and stabbed Lazarev, killing him on the spot. Lazarev’s interpreter drew his saber, and gave her a wound in the head, so that she fell down insensible. The soldiers burst into the bedroom and arrested the queen and her children. (?) Escorted by a considerable armed force, they were carried away to Russia through the Darial Pass. During her passage through Georgia, the inhabitants came out to testify their loyalty to the queen and bade her farewell. She was kept into confinement at the Belogorodsky Convent at Voronezh until 1811 and then permitted

neg: Hans Luther clause that had governed trade between the Allies and Germany lapsed on 10 January 1925, thus reestablishing Germany's sovereignty in trade policy. The tariff law came into force on 12 August 1925, setting up tariffs for industry and agriculture that were based on the tariff rates of the pre-war years. Trade treaties were negotiated with the UK, the Soviet Union, France, Spain and Italy. In domestic tax policy, a tax reform brought relief as taxes on income, capital and land transfer as well as bill stamp duty and sales tax were all lowered. In foreign policy, the cabinet negotiated the

neg: Anthony Barber level of lending, much of it to speculative property concerns. In his first Budget, in March 1971, he proposed to replace purchase tax and Selective Employment Tax with Value Added Tax, and also relaxed exchange controls; both were prerequisites to membership of the EEC. VAT came into force in 1973 at a standard rate of 10%. A year later, the rate was cut to 8%. Barber also reduced direct taxes. High levels of economic growth followed, but the traditional capacity constraints of the British economy - especially currency and balance of trade concerns - quickly choked the economic boom. The

neg: Liechtenstein disclosure facility Liechtenstein disclosure facility The Liechtenstein Disclosure Facility (LDF) is an agreement between the governments of Liechtenstein and the United Kingdom which enables UK citizens to declare previously undisclosed assets to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). The LDF, which came into force on 1 September 2009, is designed to be a proactive initiative which encourages individuals to voluntarily regularize their affairs. The scheme offers more favourable terms than other tax investigations, with participants normally receiving a fine of 10 per cent of tax due instead of 100 per cent, with tax interest and penalties only sought for the previous 10

neg: Value-added taxation in India Essential Commodities (Tax free) - Nil Schedule ‘B’ – Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, Pearls etc. - 1.2% Schedule ‘C' – Declared Goods and other specified verry goods - 6% (Rates for items other than declared goods changed to 6%) Schedule ‘D’ – Foreign Liquor, Country Liquor, Motor Spirits, etc. - 20% and above Schedule ‘E’ – All other goods (not covered by A to D) - 13.5% with EFF CT from 17.09.2016 DVAT 2004 as amended by DVAT 2005 and DVAT Rules 2005 came into force w.e.f. 1 April.,2005. It repealed Delhi Sales Tax Act 1975, Delhi Sales Tax on

neg: Mesac Damas trash bag over her head and her limbs bound with duct tape. Her autopsy revealed blunt force injury to her right elbow and right eye, and deep, extensive sharp force injury to her left shoulder and neck. Deputies then discovered the body of Meshach Damas in a second floor bedroom, face down on a mattress atop an area of dried blood. The autopsy of Meshach Damas revealed sharp force injuries to the palm of his right hand, as well as extensive sharp force injuries encircling almost the entirety of his neck. Upon entry into another second floor bedroom, deputies discovered

neg: Yle fee for the use of a television, set at 252 euros per year in 2012. The license fee was per location, which could hold several sets (e.g. in a living room as well as a bedroom). The public broadcasting tax, also known as the Yle tax, replaced the license fee in 2013. The tax ranges from 50 euros to 140 euros per person and per year, depending on income. Minors and persons with low income are exempt from the tax. In radio, Yle was a legal monopoly until 1985, when local radio stations were permitted, and maintained a national monopoly

neg: Whiskey Rebellion protesters used violence and intimidation to prevent federal officials from collecting the tax. Resistance came to a climax in July 1794, when a U.S. marshal arrived in western Pennsylvania to serve writs to distillers who had not paid the excise. The alarm was raised, and more than 500 armed men attacked the fortified home of tax inspector General John Neville. Washington responded by sending peace commissioners to western Pennsylvania to negotiate with the rebels, while at the same time calling on governors to send a militia force to enforce the tax. Washington himself rode at the head of an army

neg: Metropolitan Police District Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey did not include those parts of the counties within the MPD and Middlesex did not have a county force. Similarly, boroughs in the MPD that elsewhere would have been entitled to their own police force did not have them. The MPD was originally defined in reference to civil parishes and in 1946 was altered to correspond to local government districts. The MPD has been used for other purposes during its existence, such as the boundary for coal tax and as a 'Greater London' statistical unit. When the ceremonial county of Greater London was officially created

neg: New states of Germany and building infrastructure in the years 2006-2008. A €156 billion economic plan, Solidarity Pact II, came into force in 2005, and provides the financial basis for the advancement and special promotion of the economy of the new federal states until 2019. The "solidarity tax", a 5.5% surcharge on the income tax, was instated by the Kohl government to restore the infrastructure of the new states to the levels of the western ones and to apportion the cost of unification as well as the expenses of the Gulf War and of European integration. The tax, which raises €11 billion a year,

neg: Slavery in the British Virgin Islands that they had hoped for. Economic decline had led to increased tax burdens, which became a source of general discontent for former slaves and other residents of the Territory alike. In 1848 a major disturbance occurred in the Territory. However, the insurrection of 1853 was a far more serious affair, and would have much graver and more lasting consequences. The most direct cause was the imposition of a head tax on cattle in the Territory, which was imposed on the black rural farmers. With a particularly bad sense of judgment, the tax came into force on the date of the

neg: One Hyde Park Park were registered with Westminster City Council for Council Tax. Despite prices ranging from £3.6 million for a one-bedroom flat to £136 million for a penthouse, only four properties were paying the full £755.60 a year Council Tax plus the £619.64 Greater London Authority charge (collectively below the national average), while five were paying the Council Tax at the 50% reduction for a second home. Westminster North MP Karen Buck stated: "When council spending is under unprecedented pressure, it is scandalous that residents in luxury apartments can avoid their share of council tax liability. It sometimes seems as if the

neg: Somersworth, New Hampshire Portsmouth, Great Falls & Conway Railroad began excursions to the White Mountains. The Electric Street Railway came in 1890, allowing trolley rides to York Beach, Maine. But the New England textile industry went into decline in the 20th century. Water power was replaced with newer forms of energy, and cotton could be manufactured where it grew, saving transportation costs. Labor was also cheaper in the South, which did not have New Hampshire's inventory tax that levied commodities like coal and cotton at the plants. The Great Depression sent many regional textile firms into bankruptcy, when some local facilities were adapted

neg: Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force capable force. As of June 2016, the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force possesses 348 fighters, making it the ninth most powerful air arm in the world, on paper. The IRIAF came into being when the former Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) was renamed following the Islamic Revolution in Iran, in February 1979. The British publishing company Orbis' "Warplane" partwork magazine seems to indicate the renaming did not actually take place until after the Iran–Iraq War had broken out. This "new" Iranian air force largely inherited the equipment and structure of the former IIAF, even losing most of its leading

neg: Tolerance tax The queen relieved the Jews from the Tolerance tax in Upper Hungary only. In regard to the other complaints she ordered that the Jews should specify them in detail, and that the government should remedy them insofar as they came under its jurisdiction. The Tolerance tax had hardly been instituted when Michael Hirsch petitioned the government to be appointed primate of the Hungarian Jews in order to be able to settle difficulties that might arise among them, and to collect the tax. The government did not recommend Hirsch, but decided that in case the Jews should refuse to pay, it

neg: David McNee no evidence had been provided that arrests under that law did harm to the relationship between the police and black people. He did not believe pressure for repeal came from the law-abiding citizens of Brixton but instead from external extremists. On 9 July 1982, a man later identified as Michael Fagan broke into the private apartments at Buckingham Palace, where he spent ten minutes chatting to Queen Elizabeth II in her bedroom until he was apprehended by police and palace guards. The Home Secretary, William Whitelaw, sent his Permanent Secretary to ask McNee to take responsibility for the incident and

neg: Nordic Language Convention Nordic Language Convention The Nordic Language Convention is a convention of linguistic rights that came into force on 1 March 1987, under the auspices of the Nordic Council. Under the Convention, citizens of the Nordic countries have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs. The Convention covers health care, social security, tax, school, and employment authorities, the police and courts. The languages included are Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish and Icelandic. The Convention is not very well known and is mostly a recommendation.

neg: Cigarette taxes in the United States of income came from these lingering tobacco taxes. Despite the excise tax of the Federal government, states did not ratify a tobacco excise tax until well into the 20th century. In 1921, Iowa became the first state to pass a tobacco excise tax at the state level in addition to the federal tax. Other states quickly followed suit, and by 1950, 40 states and Washington D.C. enacted taxes on cigarette sales. By 1969, all U.S. states, the District of Columbia and the territories had implemented cigarette taxes. Several cities such as Chicago and New York City have also implemented their

neg: Premiership of Gordon Brown within the 22% tax rate band had their rate reduced to 20%, and tax allowances were also made for over-65s. These measures came into effect in April 2008. The "10p tax rate cut" as it was commonly referred to, was sharply criticised by Frank Field and several other backbenchers. Field also said that Brown did not seem to be enjoying his job. Health Secretary Alan Johnson believed that Field was motivated primarily by a personal dislike of Brown, and Field later apologised, saying that he had regretted allowing his campaign to become personal. Chancellor Alistair Darling cut the tax rate

neg: Norman Lindsay Gallery and Museum in the 1950s, when Norman was living alone; a bushfire came through and destroyed the shed complex. Soon after this, the painting studio began to leak so Norman moved into the house. From the late1950s onwards he used the house as a virtual studio: keeping the model boats in the bedroom, using the courtyard for carpentry, cutting mounts in the sleepout and using the dining room for painting, writing and living. The spare bedroom he used for sleeping. In 1968 Norman installed his final statue, a fountain with the figure of a reclining woman. This statue was constructed in the

neg: The Babysitter (1980 film) Joanna is waiting for Jeff in the master bedroom. She attempts to seduce Jeff, but he asks her to leave. The next day, Joanna tells Liz that Jeff had come into her bedroom when he came home from the party. Joanna suggests she should leave, but stays at Liz's insistence. Meanwhile, Doc continues his investigation in Joanna's background by going to The Department of Social Services. A clerk at the counter refuses to give Doc the information because Joanna at 18, is past the age to be considered a child. The clerk steps away from the counter for a moment,

neg: Peter Ashmun Ames and Lieutenant Bennett, of the R.A.S.C., Motor Transport. The maid rushed upstairs and warned an officer who was sleeping on the upper floor, and another male lodger, that murder was being done downstairs. A fusilade of shots was heard. When they came down-stairs they found two bodies in a pool of blood in Aimes's bedroom. Bennett had evidently been dragged from the bedroom in his bedclothes into his brother officer's room where both were shot together, their bodies lying side by side." Peter Ashmun Ames was engaged to marry Millicent Orr-Ewing, a niece of the Duke of Roxburghe and a

neg: The Earl of Mar's Daughter The Earl of Mar's Daughter "The Earl of Mar's Daughter" is Child ballad number 270. The Earl of Mar's daughter saw a lovely bird, and promised it a golden cage if it would come to her. It did, and that night transformed into a prince in her bedroom. His mother had transformed him to that form. They lived together; she bore seven sons, but the prince carried them safe to his mother. A wooer came for the daughter, and she said she did not want to marry but to live with her bird. Her father swore to wring its neck,

neg: Brian Haw to bring the act into force had made reference to demonstrations begun before the act came into force, there was no power for the commencement order to extend the scope of the act. The government appealed against the judgement, and on 8 May 2006 the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal and therefore declared that the act did apply to him. The court found that the intent of parliament was clearly to apply to all demonstrations in Parliament Square regardless of when they had begun, saying "The only sensible conclusion to reach in these circumstances is that Parliament intended that

neg: Santer-Poos Ministry II process, Luxembourg saw itself as both a mediator and a builder. When the Single Market came into force on 1 January 1993, this opened new perspectives for the Luxembourgish economy, which depended almost entirely on foreign markets. However, economic integration also presented dangers. During EC negotiations, the Luxembourgish government opposed a harmonisation of indirect taxation, which would have been harmful to cross-border trade; and also opposed a withholding tax, which would have seen capital flee from the Luxembourg financial centre. The question of the seat of European institutions played a major role in the essential interests of the Grand-Duchy. In

neg: A. P. Herbert Reform Act 1969 came into force in 1971. During the pre-war period, Herbert drafted a number of bills that were printed on the Order Paper, including a Betting and Bookmakers Bill, a Public Refreshment Bill and a Spring (Arrangements) Bill, which was written in verse. Herbert made numerous attacks on the Entertainments Duty, which had been introduced as a "temporary, war-time tax" in 1916. In his campaign against the duty, Herbert worked closely with William Mabane, and they made some headway when in 1939 the Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Simon reduced the duty. Herbert also spoke out against

neg: Snow Riot Bowen, came into his mistress Anna Thorton's bedroom with an axe. Bowen did not strike or attempt to strike his mistress. However, the sheer fact that a slave had the opportunity to rebel against slave owners and whites infuriated slavery defenders in the city. Bowen was ultimately taken into custody without harm, as this gave proslavery advocates an opportunity to go after the man leading the production and distribution of abolitionist material, Reuben Crandall. District Attorney Francis Scott Key, writer of the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner", was the leading man behind coordinating the arrest of Crandall. That

neg: Inland Customs Line salt revenues. Much of the smuggled salt came into Bengal from the west and the company decided to act to prevent this trade. In 1803 a series of customs houses and barriers were constructed across major roads and rivers in Bengal to collect the tax on traded salt as well as duties on tobacco and other imports. These customs houses were backed up by "preventative customs houses" located near salt works and the coast in Bengal to collect the tax at source. These customs houses alone did little to prevent the mass avoidance of the salt tax. This was due

neg: Australian passport of Australia, but Australian passports did not exist. During World War I, the monitoring and identifying of those crossing international borders was regarded as critical to the security of Australia and its allies, and the "War Precautions Act 1914" required all persons over 16 years of age, on leaving Australia, to possess some passport. Passports issued by Australia were issued only to "British subjects" and were described as "British Passports". Australian nationality came into existence on 26 January 1949 when the "Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948" came into force, and the words "British Passport" on the cover of Australian passports

neg: Corsham did not have a mortuary – corpses were laid out on the bar of the pub until they could be transferred to Corsham mortuary. Hartham Park is a Georgian estate that includes a rare stické court. When the Local Government Act 1972 came into force on 1 January 1974, Corsham came within the areas of Wiltshire County Council and North Wiltshire District Council, electing one county councillor and three district councillors from the Corsham and Lacock division. On 1 April 2009, Wiltshire became a unitary authority managed by Wiltshire Council and the county's district councils were all merged into this

neg: Caleb Strong originate in the House of Representatives. Illness of his wife forced him to return to Massachusetts before the work was completed, so he did not sign the document. He was a vocal supporter of its adoption by the state's ratifying convention. When the Constitution came into force in 1789, Strong was chosen by the state legislature to serve in the United States Senate. As what is now known as a Class 2 Senator he came up for reelection in 1792, when he was again chosen. He was one of the principal drafters of the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established

neg: Dominici affair murderer and did not want to reveal their identity for fear of reprisals. He reiterated his belief that Gustave was concealing some of the truth. Périès then questioned Gustave, who insisted that Gaston habitually wore slippers when walking around at night and that he hadn’t heard him get up before 4 am. Judge Périès did not believe that Gaston would have gone outside in slippers. When Paul Maillet was brought into the interrogation room, Gustave denied his earlier story and stated that he did not leave his bedroom. Maillet then left again, and in front of Gustave, Périès summed up

neg: Clubfinance Clubfinance Clubfinance is a financial services company headquartered in Bristol. The firm is an execution-only discount brokerage providing a fund and share dealing service. It previously arranged tax efficient investments such as Venture Capital Trusts and Enterprise Investment Schemes for private investors on a non-advised basis. On 9 January 2018, the company was acquired by Wealth Club Ltd, a Bristol-based broker specializing in tax-efficient investments. Clubfinance was founded in 2002 by David Scrivens and Philip Rhoden, who ran the company from David's spare bedroom until the company moved into offices in 2005. Clubfinance diversified into providing financial modelling services until

neg: Court-martial of James, Lord Gambier who cut their anchor cables and drifted onto the rocks and shoals of the anchorage. When morning came, Cochrane found that almost the entire French fleet was at his mercy, and signalled to Gambier suggesting that if he would lead the British fleet into the Roads they could destroy the entire French force. Gambier did not respond, and eventually in frustration Cochrane led his own small force directly into combat with the French battle fleet. Unable to leave his subordinate unsupported, Gambier sent a small squadron of ships of the line to reinforce Cochrane, and on 12 April three French

neg: Corporation Tax Act 2009 Section 1329(3) confers a power on the Treasury to bring paragraphs 71 and 99 of Schedule 2, and section 1325(1) so far as relating to those paragraphs, and Part 2 of Schedule 3, and section 1326 so far as relating to that Part of that Schedule, into force by order. The other provisions of the Act came into force on 1 April 2009. The amendments, repeals and revocations contained in Schedules 1 and 3 have the same extent as the provisions they amend, repeal or revoke. The other provisions of the Act extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern

neg: Financial history of the Dutch Republic the Austrian Succession). However, it did not result in a reduction of the per-capita tax burden up to the final crisis of the Republic and its economy after 1780. Then that tax burden again sharply increased. Presumably, the other provinces globally followed these developments, though at a distance, because of their different economic circumstances. Other than for Holland (for which more data are known) revenue figures for the Republic as a whole are available for 1716, when it amounted to 32.5 million guilders, and again for 1792 (when the "repartitie"-system was revised for the first time), when it came to

neg: Three Turkeys picked for her, Cameron tries to explain her that she has to put it on. Lily agrees, but she puts it on top of the clothes she is already wearing. When they get to Jay and Gloria's, to show her that this is not right, they decide to wear some of Gloria's dresses over their own clothes. As they enter the bedroom, they force Jay and Gloria to hide once again. After Mitch and Cameron leave, Jay and Gloria decide that they cannot keep hiding and plan to tell everyone that they just came back early to surprise them. Jay

neg: Microeconomic reform failure. As such, these reform policies are in the tradition of laissez faire, emphasizing the distortions caused by government, rather than in ordoliberalism, which emphasizes the need for state regulation to maximize efficiency. Microeconomic reform dominated Australian economic policy from the early 1980s until the end of the 20th century. The beginning of microeconomic reform is commonly dated to the floating of the Australian dollar in 1983. The last major policy initiatives associated with the microeconomic reform agenda was the package of tax reforms centred on the Goods and Services Tax (GST) which came into force in July 2000, and

neg: Jiaozhou Bay was the only government authority ever to exclusively rely on the single tax on land value, and is used as an academic case study to this day about the viability of such a tax system. The German colony also issued currency. With the outbreak of World War I, the Republic of China canceled the Kiautschou lease with the German Empire. This came into force on 23 August 1914, the day of Japan’s declaration of war on Germany, after a Japanese ultimatum for unconditional German evacuation of the colony had expired. The area was occupied subsequently by British and Japanese forces

neg: Pre-owned asset tax Pre-owned asset tax In the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs acted against certain inheritance tax (IHT) avoidance schemes by imposing a standalone income tax charge. The tax was introduced in the Finance Act 2004 and came into effect from 6 April 2005. This has become known as pre-owned assets tax (POAT). POAT applies where an individual disposes of an asset but somehow retains the ability to use or enjoy it. POAT is never applicable when IHT is; therefore, the media and public have granted the issue little attention. POAT is also a retroactive tax: even if an action

neg: Eryxo Learchus was overjoyed by the news that Eryxo wanted to marry him and Learchus came over when Eryxo was ready. This was when that Eryxo and Polyarchus were plotting to kill Learchus in revenge for the deaths of their father and Arcesilaus. Polyarchus with two young men had swords in their hands were secretly waiting and hiding in her bedroom. Eryxo had asked Learchus to come to her bedroom and Learchus came unattended to Eryxo’s room. As he entered, the young men fell upon Learchus and ran their swords through his body and Learchus had died. Learchus’ body was throw

neg: International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture promotion of food security, biodiversity-rich farming under control of local communities, and implementation of Farmers' Rights. Critics say many of the central issues are unresolved or open to interpretation. Some of the points raised are: The treaty came into force on 29 June 2004 at which time there were more than 54 ratifications by countries. An article prepared on the occasion of the treaty becoming law is posted at . From the entry into force, countries that previously signed are allowed to ratify the treaty, while countries that did not sign the treaty before it came into force can also

neg: Politics of Europe Kazakhstan and Russia, and came into force on 1 January 2015. Treaties aiming for Armenia's and Kyrgyzstan's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union were signed on 9 October 2014 and 23 December respectively. Armenia's accession treaty came into force on 2 January 2015. Although Kyrgyzstan's accession treaty did not come into force until May 2015, provided it has been ratified, it will participate in the EEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding state. Moldova and Tajikistan are prospective members. The Euronest Parliamentary Assembly is the inter-parliamentary forum in which members of the European Parliament and the national

neg: Phi Phi Islands isthmus between the island's two long, tall limestone ridges. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with beaches. The isthmus rises less than above sea level. Shortly after 10:00 on 26 December, the water from both bays receded. When the tsunami hit, at 10:37, it did so from both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was high. The wave that came into Loh Dalum Bay was high. The force of the larger wave from Loh Dalum Bay pushed the tsunami and also breached low-lying areas in

neg: Lost Canadians to a Canadian citizen abroad would be dealt with on a case-by-case basis; such individuals would have to apply for a ministerial permit. Bill C-37, which received Royal Assent on April 17, 2008, amended the "Citizenship Act" to give Canadian citizenship to those who lost or never had it due to certain provisions in existing and former legislation. The law came into effect on April 17, 2009, one year following Royal Assent. People who were citizens when the law came into force did not lose citizenship as a result of these amendments. The law was made retroactive to the time

neg: The Babadook a conjuration of the Babadook. Fleeing, Amelia is stalked by the Babadook through the house until it takes over her and finally possesses her. Under its influence she breaks Bugsy's neck and attempts to kill Sam. Eventually luring her into the basement, Sam knocks her out. Tied up, Amelia awakens with Sam, terrified, nearby. When she tries to strangle him, he lovingly caresses her face, causing her to regurgitate an inky black substance, an action which seemingly expels the Babadook. When Sam reminds Amelia that "you can't get rid of the Babadook," an unseen force drags him into Amelia's bedroom.

neg: USS Suwannee (CVE-27) off Leyte Gulf when Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's 1st Striking Force sneaked through the unguarded San Bernardino Strait into the Philippine Sea. Just before 07:00 on the 25th, one of 's planes reported a Japanese force of four battleships, eight cruisers, and 11 destroyers. This force, Kurita's, immediately began a surface engagement with Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague's "Taffy 3", the northernmost group of escort carriers. "Suwannee" was much farther south as an element of Rear Admiral Thomas Sprague's "Taffy 1". Consequently, she did not participate in the running surface Battle off Samar. Her problems came from another quarter. At 07:40

neg: Tax resistance in the United States it, proved influential, and a Quaker tradition of war tax resistance has waxed and waned through American history to the present day. A typical American colonial government was headed by a governor, who was appointed by the Crown and meant to represent the interests of the home country, and a colonial assembly, elected by the colonists themselves. The two not infrequently came into conflict over issues of taxation, and when the governor assumed the right to tax colonists without the consent of their legislature, this conflict might result in tax resistance. This happened for example in 1687 when New England

neg: Value-added tax rate of VAT is 5%. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia VAT system was implemented in 1 January 2018 at 5% rate. VAT was introduced into the Indian taxation system from 1 April 2005. Of the then 28 Indian states, eight did not introduce VAT at first instance. There is uniform VAT rate of 5% and 14.5% all over India. The government of Tamil Nadu introduced an act by the name Tamil Nadu Value Added Tax Act 2006 which came into effect from the 1 January 2007. It was also known as the TN-VAT. Under the BJP government, a new national

neg: Superfund office of the Environmental Protection Agency now had to apply required guidelines for its managers to take into consideration data analysis, managed public participation, and economic opportunity when considering the geography of toxic waste site remediation. Some environmentalists and industry lobbyists saw the Clinton administration’s environmental justice policy as an improvement, but the bill did not get bipartisan support. The newly elected Republican Congress made numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly weaken the law. The Clinton Administration then adopted some industry favored reforms as policy and blocked most major changes. Until the mid-1990s, most of the funding came from a tax

neg: Harvey Milk he disliked. One day in 1973, a state bureaucrat entered Milk's shop Castro Camera and informed him that he owed $100 as a deposit against state sales tax. Milk was incredulous and traded shouts with the man about the rights of business owners; after he complained for weeks at state offices, the deposit was reduced to $30. Milk fumed about government priorities when a teacher came into his store to borrow a projector because the equipment in the schools did not function. Friends also remember around the same time having to restrain him from kicking the television while Attorney General

neg: Pre-owned asset tax had no IHT repercussions at the time, POAT may be applied years after the action. Pre-owned asset tax In the United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs acted against certain inheritance tax (IHT) avoidance schemes by imposing a standalone income tax charge. The tax was introduced in the Finance Act 2004 and came into effect from 6 April 2005. This has become known as pre-owned assets tax (POAT). POAT applies where an individual disposes of an asset but somehow retains the ability to use or enjoy it. POAT is never applicable when IHT is; therefore, the media and public have

neg: Bill Foster (politician) to generate job growth, but did not. If you follow the money, when you give a dollar to a very wealthy person, they won’t typically put it back into the local economy.” He said the tax benefits ended up in overseas accounts and spent on luxury purchases. Bill Foster has opposed efforts to repeal the estate tax. On 31 August 2005, U.S. Newswire reported that Foster said, "The proponents of estate tax repeal are fond of calling it the ‘death tax’. It’s not a death tax, it’s a Rich Kids’ tax." In 2009, just before the estate tax was scheduled

neg: George O. Van Orden to Sasebo, Japan and participated in the occupation duties until February 1946, when he was attached to the staff of Fleet Marine Force, West Pacific under Brigadier general Gerald C. Thomas as logistics officer. During this assignment, Van Orden came into conflict with the regulations, when he was accused of improper handling of military rations. He received instruction about handling of rations in peculiarly worded order and did what the letter of the order said. However his superiors insisted, that he did what wasn't the order meant. Although Inspector general of the Marine Corps, Robert Blake, didn't found accusation legitimate,

neg: The Trouble with Templeton been only memories to him for years. They treat him as though he is joking or crazy, and insist on partying instead. When Booth objects, Laura says "What did you expect?" Barney adds, "Yes, old man, what "did" you expect?" This subtly indicates that, in fact, they both know very well what is going on. Booth seriously professes his love, but Laura bursts out laughing. When Booth tries to force her into leaving with him, she slaps him and tells him, "Go back where you came from; we don't want you here." Confused, hurt, and puzzled by Laura's hostility, Booth

neg: Under-occupancy penalty minimum size of 65.81 square feet for a rectangular room. A 2018 study found the bedroom tax "was not successful in encouraging residential moves" but "it did incentivise people who moved to downsize – suggesting some success in terms of one of the policy goals, namely reducing under-occupancy. The policy did not incentivise people to work more and we find no statistically significant effects on households' food consumption or saving behaviour." The Centre for Housing Policy at the University of York have concluded that the under-occupation policy has saved money but that the potential savings forecast by the Department for

neg: United States fiscal cliff United States fiscal cliff The United States fiscal cliff was a situation that took place in January 2013 when several previously-enacted laws came into effect simultaneously, increasing taxes and decreasing spending. The Bush tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, which had been extended for two years by the 2010 Tax Relief Act, were scheduled to expire on December 31, 2012. Planned spending cuts under the Budget Control Act of 2011 also came into play. That Act was passed as a compromise to resolve a dispute concerning the US debt ceiling and address the failure of the 111th Congress to pass

neg: Land value tax as do the Green Party of England and Wales and the Scottish Green Party. The 1931 Labour budget included a land value tax, but before it came into force it was repealed by the Conservative-dominated National Government that followed shortly after. An attempt at introducing site value taxation in the administrative County of London was made by the local authority under the leadership of Herbert Morrison in the 1938–9 Parliament, called the London Rating (Site Values) Bill. Although it failed, it detailed legislation for the implementation of a system of land value taxation using annual value assessment. After 1945, the

neg: Juncker–Asselborn Ministry I performance of the financial sector. The financial centre remained the engine of growth. However, its legal framework was subject to adjustments. On 1 January 2006, a law came into force introducing a withholding tax in full discharge on revenue from savings. That same year, the European Commission decided that holding companies that were exempt on the basis of the law of 1929 were in receipt of a state aid that was incompatible with the common market. The Luxembourgish government agreed to repeal this tax regime in return for a four-year transition period, The financial crisis of 2007-2008 also had repercussions

neg: Base erosion and profit shifting up to the 2016 to curtail BEPS tools. The 2012 G20 Los Cabos summit tasked the OECD to develop a "BEPS Action Plan", which 2013 G-20 St. Petersburg summit approved. An OECD BEPS Multilateral Instrument, consisting of "15 Actions" designed to be implemented domestically and through bilateral tax treaty provisions, were agreed at the 2015 G20 Antalya summit. The OECD BEPS Multilateral Instrument ("MLI"), was adopted on 24 November 2016 and has since been signed by over 78 jurisdictions. It came into force in July 2018. Many tax havens opted–out from several of the Actions, including Action 12 (Disclosure of

neg: Criminal Finances Act 2017 Technically these are two distinct offences, depending on whether the tax which is evaded is UK taxation or foreign taxation. Companies and partnerships are required to take 'reasonable' action to prevent the facilitation of tax evasion and Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC), who are responsible for implementation of the legislation, argues that "the procedures that are considered "reasonable" will change as time passes". The Act was invoked, less than two weeks after its provisions on "Unexplained Wealth Orders" came into force on 31 January 2018, to freeze £22 million of assets belonging to an unnamed oligarch. Criminal Finances Act

neg: Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters is a convention to facilitate the entering into bilateral tax information exchange agreements between state parties. The Convention was developed by the OECD and the Council of Europe and was open for signature to members of both organizations on 25 January 1988, and entered into force in 1995. An amending protocol was concluded on 27 May 2010, which since coming into force became open to any state at the invitation of present state parties. The Convention as well as the amending protocol entered

neg: Sonny Liston Las Vegas home on January 5, 1971. On returning home from a two-week trip, Geraldine had smelled a foul odor emanating from the main bedroom and on entering saw Sonny slumped up against the bed, a broken foot bench on the floor. Authorities theorized that he was undressing for bed when he fell over backward with such force that he broke the rail of the bench. Geraldine called Sonny's attorney and his doctor, but did not notify the police until two to three hours later. Sergeant Dennis Caputo of the Clark County Sheriff's Department was one of the first officers