query: where is the oldest bristlecone pine tree located

pos: Bristlecone pine strip of living tissue connects the roots to a handful of live branches. Even though the trees' needles may age, they still remain functional in regulating water and by their ability to photosynthesize. Bristlecone pines are known for attaining great ages. A specimen of "Pinus longaeva" located in the White Mountains of California is years old—the oldest known individual tree in the world—according to measurements by Tom Harlan. The identity of the specimen is being kept secret by Harlan. Another well-known bristlecone pine in the White Mountains is Methuselah which is years old. The specific location of Methuselah is also

pos: Pinus longaeva more likely. A specimen of this species, located in the White Mountains of California was measured by Tom Harlan, a researcher with the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, to be years old. The identity of the specimen is being kept secret by Harlan. This is the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world. The previously oldest named specimen of this species, "Methuselah", is also located in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest of the White Mountains. Methuselah is years old, as measured by annual ring count on a small core taken with an increment borer. Its exact location is also kept secret.

pos: Pine The longest-lived is the Great Basin bristlecone pine, "Pinus longaeva". One individual of this species, dubbed "Methuselah", is one of the world's oldest living organisms at around 4,600 years old. This tree can be found in the White Mountains of California. An older tree, now cut down, was dated at 4,900 years old. It was discovered in a grove beneath Wheeler Peak and it is now known as "Prometheus" after the Greek immortal. The bark of most pines is thick and scaly, but some species have thin, flaky bark. The branches are produced in regular "pseudo whorls", actually a very

pos: Bristlecone pine sustain its population. The species are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. The species are labeled under Least Concern (LC), the justification for this being that no subpopulations for Great Basin bristlecone pines are decreasing. Subpopulations seem to be increasing or remaining stable. Many bristlecone pine habitats have been protected, including the Inyo National Forest's Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains of California and the Great Basin National Park in Nevada, where cutting or gathering wood is prohibited. The green pine needles give the twisted branches a bottle-brush appearance. The needles of the

pos: Dendrochronology and 6,939 years in England. Comparison of radiocarbon and dendrochronological ages supports the consistency of these two independent dendrochronological sequences. Another fully anchored chronology that extends back 8500 years exists for the bristlecone pine in the Southwest US (White Mountains of California). Dendrochronological equation defines the law of growth of tree rings. The equation was proposed by Russian biophysicist Alexandr N. Tetearing in his work "Theory of populations" in the form: formula_1 where formula_2 is width of annual ring, formula_3 is time (in years), formula_4 is density of wood, formula_5 is some coefficient, formula_6 is function of mass growth of

pos: Inyo National Forest the second episode in the BBC's "Walking with Monsters" documentary series, which was set in early Permian Germany. Popular within Inyo National Forest are: Inyo National Forest Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest that protects the oldest trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of Owens Valley, was established by Theodore

pos: Inyo National Forest Inyo National Forest Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest that protects the oldest trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of

neg: Methuselah (tree) Methuselah (tree) Methuselah is a -year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") tree growing high in the White Mountains of Inyo County in eastern California. For many years it was thought to be the world's oldest known living non-clonal organism, until it was superseded in 2012 by the discovery of another bristlecone pine in the same area with an age of years (germination in 3050 BC). Methuselah is located between above sea level in the "Methuselah Grove" in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest within the Inyo National Forest. Its exact location has not been publicly disclosed. Methuselah was 4,789 years

neg: Pinus longaeva Pinus longaeva Pinus longaeva (commonly referred to as the Great Basin bristlecone pine, intermountain bristlecone pine, or western bristlecone pine) is a long-living species of bristlecone pine tree found in the higher mountains of California, Nevada, and Utah. One member of this species, at years old, is the oldest known living non-clonal organism on Earth. In 1987, the bristlecone pine was designated one of Nevada's state trees. It is a medium-size tree, reaching tall and with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is bright orange-yellow, thin and scaly at the base of the trunk. The needles are

neg: Bristlecone pine Bristlecone pine The term bristlecone pine covers three species of pine tree (family Pinaceae, genus "Pinus", subsection "Balfourianae"). All three species are long-lived and highly resilient to harsh weather and bad soils. One of the three species, "Pinus longaeva", is among the longest-lived life forms on Earth. The oldest "Pinus longaeva" is more than 5,000 years old, making it the oldest known individual of any species. Despite their potential age and low reproductive rate, bristlecone pines, particularly "Pinus longaeva", are usually a first-succession species, tending to occupy new open ground. They generally compete poorly in less-than-harsh environments, making them hard

neg: Pinus longaeva Among the White Mountain specimens, the oldest trees are found on north-facing slopes, with an average of 2,000 years, as compared to the 1,000 year average on the southern slopes. The climate and the durability of their wood can preserve them long after death, with dead trees as old as 7,000 years persisting next to live ones. Pinus longaeva Pinus longaeva (commonly referred to as the Great Basin bristlecone pine, intermountain bristlecone pine, or western bristlecone pine) is a long-living species of bristlecone pine tree found in the higher mountains of California, Nevada, and Utah. One member of this species,

neg: Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest Creek, a designated Wild and Scenic River. The Methuselah Grove trail starts from the visitor center at 9,846 feet and makes a 4.5-mile loop that includes the side valley of the Methuselah Grove where the oldest tree lives, a high section looking out eastward over Nevada's basin-and-range region, and side trails to old mining sites. Numbered natural-history markers are explained by a booklet. The Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest is generally open from mid-May through the end of November, weather permitting. On September 4, 2008, an arsonist set fire to the Schulman Grove Visitor Center and several bristlecone pines. The building

neg: Methuselah (tree) old when sampled (likely in 1957) by Edmund Schulman and Tom Harlan, with an estimated germination date of 2833 BC. Methuselah was for many years considered the world's oldest living tree, until 2012 when an older bristlecone pine was discovered and later announced in 2013. Another bristlecone specimen, WPN-114, nicknamed "Prometheus", was more than 4,844 years old when cut down in 1964, with an estimated germination date of 2880 BC. A dendrochronology, based on these trees and other bristlecone pine samples, extends back to about 9000 BC, albeit with a single gap of about 500 years. Other, longer-lived discoveries are

neg: Maximum life span may question whether or not they may die of old age). A giant sequoia, General Sherman is alive and well in its third millennium. A Great Basin Bristlecone Pine called Methuselah is 4,848 years old (as of 2017) and the Bristlecone Pine called Prometheus was a little older still, at least 4,844 years (and possibly as old as 5,000 years), when it was cut down in 1964. The oldest known plant (possibly oldest living thing) is a clonal Quaking Aspen ("Populus tremuloides") tree colony in the Fishlake National Forest in Utah called Pando at about 80,000 years. Lichen, a symbiotic

neg: Northwoods (forest) are succeeded near the timber line by larch, whitebark pine, limber pine and bristlecone pine. The bristlecone pine has been discovered to be the oldest living thing. This Northern forest region spreads across four thousand miles, from Alaska to Newfoundland and down the higher peaks of the Appalachian mountains. In the north woods, white and black spruce grow. The soil throughout the Northern Forest is generally poor. The most visible tree type in the region are conifers. The most prevalent conifers are balsam fir, eastern hemlock, northern white cedar, and eastern white pine . This northern region supplied much of

neg: Pinus aristata as one of three closely related species known as bristlecone pines and is sometimes named Rocky Mountains bristlecone pine or Colorado bristlecone pine. In addition to its informal and regional names, the trees are referred to as the foxtail pine or hickory pine. "Pinus aristata" is by far the most common of the bristlecone pines in cultivation, where it is a very attractive slow-growing small tree suitable for small gardens in cold climates. Even so, it is never as long-lived as in the wild, typically living less than 100 years before it succumbs to root decay in the warmer, moister

neg: Bristlecone pine National Forest of the United States, has been estimated to be 80,000 years old, although tree ring samples date individual, above-ground trees at an average of about 130 years. The bristlecone pine is invaluable to dendroclimatologists, because it provides the longest continual climatically sensitive tree-ring chronologies on Earth. By cross-dating millennia-old bristlecone pine debris, some chronologies reach beyond 9,000 years before present. In addition, ratios of stable carbon isotopes from bristlecone pine tree rings are sensitive to past variations in moisture availability. This information can be used to reconstruct precipitation changes in the past. The Rocky Mountain population is severely

neg: Inyo National Forest in Bishop, Lee Vining, Lone Pine, and Mammoth Lakes. The forest was established on May 25, 1907. On July 1, 1945 land from the former Mono National Forest was added. There are nine wilderness areas lying within Inyo NF that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Some of these extend into other National Forests, as indicated: The Inyo National Forest contains the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects specimens of Great Basin bristlecone pines ("Pinus longaeva"). One of these bristlecone pines is "Methuselah", the second oldest known non-clonal living tree on earth at more than 4,839 years old;

neg: Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest The Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest is a protected area high in the White Mountains in Inyo County in eastern California. The Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") trees grow between 9,800 and 11,000 feet (3,000–3,400 m) above sea level, in xeric alpine conditions, protected within the Inyo National Forest. Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) also grow in the forest. The Methuselah Grove in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest is the location of the "Methuselah", a Great Basin bristlecone pine that is years old. For many years, it was considered the world's oldest known living non-clonal organism, until

neg: Prometheus (tree) bristlecone pine in California's White Mountains was measured by Tom Harlan to be 5062 years old, making it the oldest known tree in North America and the oldest known individual tree in the world. Whether Prometheus should have been considered the oldest organism ever known depends on the definition of "oldest" and "organism". Certain sprouting (clonal) organisms, such as creosote bush or aspen, may have older individuals if the entire clonal organism is considered. By that standard, the oldest living organism is a grove of quaking aspens in Utah known as Pando, at perhaps as much as 80,000 years old.

neg: Pinus aristata Pinus aristata Pinus aristata, the Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (or the Colorado bristlecone pine), is a long-living species of bristlecone pine tree native to the United States. It appears in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and northern New Mexico, with isolated populations in the San Francisco Peaks in Arizona and the Kaibab National Forest north of the Grand Canyon. It is usually found at very high altitudes, from , in cold, dry subalpine climate conditions, often at the tree line, although it also forms extensive closed-canopy stands at somewhat lower elevations. "Pinus aristata" is a medium-size tree, reaching high and

neg: Pinus aristata conditions prevalent in most inhabited places. Pinus aristata Pinus aristata, the Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (or the Colorado bristlecone pine), is a long-living species of bristlecone pine tree native to the United States. It appears in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and northern New Mexico, with isolated populations in the San Francisco Peaks in Arizona and the Kaibab National Forest north of the Grand Canyon. It is usually found at very high altitudes, from , in cold, dry subalpine climate conditions, often at the tree line, although it also forms extensive closed-canopy stands at somewhat lower elevations. "Pinus aristata" is

neg: Picea abies to be between 80,000 and one million years old. The stress is on the difference between the singular "oldest tree" and the multiple "oldest trees", and between "oldest clone" and "oldest non-clone". The oldest known individual tree (that has not taken advantage of vegetative cloning) is a Great Basin bristlecone pine over 5,000 years old (germination in 3051 BC). The genome of "Picea abies" was sequenced in 2013, the first gymnosperm genome to be completely sequenced. The genome contains approximately 20 billion base pairs and is about six times the size of the human genome, despite possessing a similar number

neg: Bristlecone pine threatened by an introduced fungal disease known as white pine blister rust, and by mountain pine beetles. Climate change may also affect the species as temperatures increased over a 30 year period throughout the southern Rocky Mountain range. These changes in climate would mostly affect trees in higher elevations. With these problems, the genetic diversity within the species has become a concern; however, old specimens of bristlecone pine have survived previous warmer periods. , and Bristlecone pine The term bristlecone pine covers three species of pine tree (family Pinaceae, genus "Pinus", subsection "Balfourianae"). All three species are long-lived and highly

neg: White Mountains (California) Utah juniper. These upper and lower conifer zones are often separated by a zone of mountain mahogany brush. Various subspecies of sagebrush ("Artemisia tridentata") extend from surrounding valleys to the lower alpine zone. A bristlecone pine in the southern part of the range is the oldest known living tree in the world, at 5063 years old. Pine nuts from piñon pine stands were harvested as a winter staple food by Paiute Indians whose descendants still live in adjacent valleys. The White Mountains also have small remnant groves of lodgepole pine, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, Sierra juniper and aspen including an

neg: Prometheus (tree) and gave it to man. The designation WPN-114 was given by the original researcher, Donald Rusk Currey, and means it was the 114th tree he sampled in his research in Nevada's White Pine County. Prometheus was a living member of a population of bristlecone pine trees near the tree line on the lateral moraine of a former glacier on Wheeler Peak, in Great Basin National Park, eastern Nevada. Wheeler Peak is the highest mountain in the Snake Range, and the highest mountain entirely in the state of Nevada. The bristlecone pine population on this mountain is divided into at least

neg: General Sherman (tree) Sherman Tree is neither the tallest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to the Hyperion tree, a Coast redwood), nor is it the widest (both the largest cypress and largest baobab have a greater diameter), nor is it the oldest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to a Great Basin bristlecone pine). With a height of , a diameter of , an estimated bole volume of , and an estimated age of 2,3002,700 years, it is nevertheless among the tallest, widest, and longest-lived of all trees on the planet. General Sherman (tree) General Sherman is a

neg: Methuselah (sequoia tree) at its base, which rivals that of the better known Boole tree in the Converse Basin Grove. The Methuselah Tree of the Mountain Home Grove is not to be confused with another Methuselah Tree in the White Mountains of eastern California that is a bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), which at one time was considered to be the oldest tree in the world. When the tree was measured in the 1950s it had a height of about , but at some point prior to the 1980s the top was broken off, probably during a storm. This reduced the height to under

neg: Tree measurement Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology. The Data Bank includes raw ring width or wood density measurements, and site chronologies. Reconstructed climate parameters, including North American Drought, are also available for some areas. Over 2000 sites on six continents are included. The oldest known tree is a Great Basin bristlecone pine, Pinus longaeva, growing in the White Mountains of eastern California. The tree was cored by Edmund Schulman in the late 1950s, but was never dated. Recently Tom Harlan completed the dating of the old core sample. The tree is still alive and is 5062 years old as

neg: Sisters Olive Trees of Noah Sisters Olive Trees of Noah The Sisters or The Sisters Olive Trees of Noah are a grove of sixteen olive trees in the Lebanese town of Bcheale. According to local folklore, the trees are at least 5,000 years old, perhaps 6,000 years old or older. If this is correct, they may be the oldest non-clonal living trees in the world, as the oldest definitely-established age for a living tree is 5,064 years (as of 2014), for a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine in California. The age of any of The Sisters has not been determined by dendrochronology (tree-ring dating), and possibly

neg: Tree volume is believed to be a giant sequoia ("Sequoiadendron giganteum") known as the General Sherman Tree in the Sequoia National Park in Tulare County, California. Only the trunk is used in the calculation and the volume is estimated to be . The oldest living tree with a verified age is also in California. It is a Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") growing in the White Mountains. It has been dated by drilling a core sample and counting the annual rings. It is estimated to currently be years old. A little farther south, at Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico,

neg: Bristlecone Wilderness Bristlecone Wilderness Bristlecone Wilderness is a wilderness area in White Pine County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. Located in the Egan Range approximately five miles west of the town of Mcgill, the Wilderness was created by the "White Pine County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act of 2006" and is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Vegetation in the Wilderness consists primarily of desert brush and grass at the lower elevations and a scattering of pinyon pine, juniper, and the namesake bristlecone pine stands on the upland slopes. Groves of aspen exist in several washes, including Rattlesnake Canyon.

neg: Bristlecone pine seasons, the trees grow very slowly. Even the tree's needles, which grow in bunches of five, can remain on the tree for forty years, which gives the tree's terminal branches the unique appearance of a long bottle brush. The bristlecone pine's root system is mostly composed of highly branched, shallow roots, while a few large, branching roots provide structural support. The bristlecone pine is extremely drought tolerant due to its branched shallow root system, its waxy needles, and thick needle cuticles that aid in water retention. The wood is very dense and resinous, and thus resistant to invasion by insects,

neg: Coconino National Forest spruce, subalpine fir, corkbark fir (a variety of subalpine fir found only in isolated areas of Arizona and New Mexico), Douglas-fir, bristlecone pine, and limber pine. Isolated stands of quaking aspen, usually the first tree to regenerate following a severe wildfire, are scattered across the mountain. Above 11,000 feet (3,400 m) is found the only alpine tundra region in Arizona. Vegetation is scarce in this region. A few small bristlecone pines are found otherwise the area is above tree line and inhabited by small grasses, lichens, and alpine wildflowers. Wildfire is a major concern across the Coconino National Forest. Despite

neg: Prometheus (tree) Prometheus (tree) Prometheus (recorded as WPN-114) was the oldest known non-clonal organism, a Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") tree growing near the tree line on Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada, United States. The tree, which was at least 4,862 years old and possibly more than 5,000, was cut down in 1964 by a graduate student and United States Forest Service personnel for research purposes. Those involved did not know of its world-record age before the cutting, but the circumstances and decision-making process remain controversial. The tree's name refers to the mythological figure Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods

neg: Methuselah (tree) clonal colony organisms, such as the 80,000-year-old Quaking Aspen ("Populus tremuloides") colony named "Pando" in the Fish Lake National Forest in south-central Utah; the 11,700-year- old Creosote bush ("Larrea tridentata") colony, named "King Clone", in the Mojave Desert near the Lucerne Valley in California; and the 9,500-year-old Norway spruce ("Picea abies") colony named "Old Tjikko" in Sweden. Methuselah (tree) Methuselah is a -year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") tree growing high in the White Mountains of Inyo County in eastern California. For many years it was thought to be the world's oldest known living non-clonal organism, until it was

neg: Mount Evans are reduced to krummholz, battered and twisted by wind and frost. The bristlecone pine grove on the east slope of Mount Goliath () contains at least one tree that sprouted in the year 403 AD. For many years, these were the oldest known trees in Colorado, but in 1992, trees dating to 442 BC were found in the southern Front Range and South Park. The Mount Goliath Natural Area, jointly managed by the United States Forest Service and the Denver Botanic Gardens protects this grove of old trees. Above tree line, the landscape is mostly alpine tundra. In the lower

neg: Bristlecone pine tree surround the branch an extent of about one foot near the tip of the limb. The name bristlecone pine refers to the dark purple female cones that bear incurved prickles on their surface. The dark color of these cones help to absorb heat. After maturity, which takes about two years, the cones will become brown in color. These ancient trees have a gnarled and stunted appearance, especially those found at high altitudes, and have reddish-brown bark with deep fissures. As the tree ages, much of its vascular cambium layer may die. In very old specimens, often only a narrow

neg: Mount Evans elevation estimated by the National Weather Service of above sea level. The tornado was the second highest recorded in the United States but did not cause any damage because it was above tree line. The slopes of Mount Evans include several distinct environments. Below Echo Lake, the montane forest is dominated by lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") and in some areas, blue spruce ("Picea pungens"), with patches of quaking aspen. Echo Lake is high enough to be in the subalpine forest, where Engelmann spruce ("Picea engelmannii"), subalpine fir ("Abies lasiocarpa") and bristlecone pine ("Pinus aristata") dominate. At tree line, the trees

neg: Pinus longaeva foxtail pine, which sometimes form dense forests. "Pinus longaeva" trees generally do not form closed canopies, usually covering only 15-50%. "Pinus longaeva" shares habitats with a number of other pine species, including the ponderosa pine, the white fir and, notably, the limber pine, a similarly long-lived high-elevation species. The tree is a "vigorous" primary succession species, growing quickly on new open ground. It is a "poor competitor" in good soils, however, and the species does best in harsh terrain. "Pinus longaeva" is often the dominant species in high-elevation dolomite soils, where few plants can grow. Bristlecone pines are protected in

neg: Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest and all the exhibits within were destroyed. Activities to rebuild the center began the next day and are now complete. Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest The Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest is a protected area high in the White Mountains in Inyo County in eastern California. The Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") trees grow between 9,800 and 11,000 feet (3,000–3,400 m) above sea level, in xeric alpine conditions, protected within the Inyo National Forest. Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) also grow in the forest. The Methuselah Grove in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest is the location of the "Methuselah", a Great Basin

neg: Minoan eruption core. Another method that has been used to establish the date of eruption is tree-ring dating. Tree-ring data has shown that a large event interfering with normal tree growth in North America occurred during 1629–1628 (±65 years) BCE. Evidence of a climatic event around 1628 BCE has been found in studies of growth depression of European oaks in Ireland and of Scotch pines in Sweden. Bristlecone pine frost rings also indicate a date of 1627 BCE, supporting the late 1600s BCE dating. Recent work has used radiocarbon levels in bristlecone pines and Irish oak dated from 1700 BC to 1500

neg: Prometheus (tree) argued that the cutting down of Prometheus was an important factor in the movement to protect bristlecones in general, and the Wheeler Peak groves in particular. There had been a movement to protect the mountain and contiguous areas as a national park before the incident, and 22 years later the area gained national park status. In August 2014, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the tree's cutting, a two-day memorial for Prometheus was held in Great Basin National Park by artist Jeff Weiss. Prometheus (tree) Prometheus (recorded as WPN-114) was the oldest known non-clonal organism, a Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus

neg: Great Basin Desert drift. White fir, Douglas fir, and ponderosa pines are found in the middle elevations of some mountain ranges, while limber pine, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and bristlecone pines occupy the higher elevations, continuing to the upper tree line. Mountain mahogany often dominates drier, warmer south-facing slopes. Pure stands of aspen are also common in this community. The bristlecone pine is an important species that is indicative of the Great Basin desert. Bristlecones live a long time, some for thousands of years. The harsh areas they occupy are often devoid of other plant life, so there is little competition and reduced

neg: Great Basin montane forests middle elevations of some mountain ranges, while limber pine, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and bristlecone pines occupy the higher elevations, continuing to the upper tree line. Mountain mahogany often dominates drier, warmer south-facing slopes. Pure stands of aspen are also common in this community. The bristlecone pine is an important species that is indicative of the Great Basin montane forest. Bristlecones live a long time, some for thousands of years. The harsh areas they occupy are often devoid of other plant life, so there is little competition and reduced risk of fire. The trees grow very slowly, producing very dense,

neg: Boron, California of the United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), the world's oldest tree, the bristlecone pine, and the cities of Los Angeles and Las Vegas. Boron is home to the U.S. Borax Boron Mine, California's largest open-pit mine, which is also the largest borax mine in the world. Boron is on the border of Kern and San Bernardino Counties along State Route 58. The coordinates are: . Boron is north of Palmdale, east of Bakersfield, and west of Barstow in the Antelope Valley region of California's Mojave Desert. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total

neg: Pinus flexilis the common name "limber" and specific epithet "flexilis". Its long needles are a dark, blueish green, its bark is heavily creased and dark grey. Its pale wood is lightweight and soft. "Pinus flexilis" is typically a high-elevation pine, often marking the tree line either on its own, or with whitebark pine ("Pinus albicaulis"), either of the bristlecone pines, or lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta"). In favourable conditions, it makes a tree to , rarely tall. However, on exposed treeline sites, mature trees are much smaller, reaching heights of only . In steeply-sloping, rocky, and windswept terrain in the Rocky Mountains of

neg: Pinus longaeva mostly dispersed by the wind, but some are also dispersed by Clark's nutcrackers. These ancient trees have a gnarled and stunted appearance, especially those found at high altitudes, and have reddish-brown bark with deep fissures. As the tree ages, much of its vascular cambium layer may die. In very old specimens, often only a narrow strip of living tissue connects the roots to a handful of live branches. The Great Basin bristlecone pine differs from the Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine in that the needles of the former always have two uninterrupted resin canals, so it lacks the characteristic small white

neg: Great Basin National Park At treeline is an alpine area of low, delicate plants and rocky outcroppings. The oldest nonclonal organism ever discovered, a Great Basin bristlecone pine tree at least 5,000 years old, grew at the treeline near Wheeler Peak in the national park. It was cut down in 1964 by a graduate student and U.S. Forest Service personnel for research purposes. It was given the nickname Prometheus, after the mythological figure who stole fire from the gods and gave it to man. Sixty-one species of mammals, 18 species of reptiles, 238 species of birds, two species of amphibians, and eight species of

neg: Death Valley National Park lower elevations and sage up through shadscale, blackbrush, Joshua Tree, pinyon-juniper, to Limber Pine and Bristlecone Pine woodlands. The saltpan is devoid of vegetation, and the rest of the valley floor and lower slopes have sparse cover, although where water is available, an abundance of vegetation is usually present. These zones and the adjacent desert support a variety of wildlife species, including 51 species of native mammals, 307 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, and 2 species of native fish. Small mammals are more numerous than large mammals, such as bighorn sheep, coyotes (), bobcats,

neg: Geography of Arizona just a single prominent peak whose flanks are gentle and peak is rounded, not rugged. This is the same for most of the White Mountains, a geologically old range once as high as the Alaska Range, but that has been eroded away over the eons. Mount Baldy is home to a bristlecone pine forest, and some consider the White Mountains as a Rocky Mountains extension due to similar averages in elevation, tree species, animals, and weather. At , Mount Ord is part of the White Mountains, and is located in Apache County on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. Snow often

neg: Bristlecone pine a secret. The other two species, "Pinus balfouriana" and "Pinus aristata", are also long-lived, though not to the extreme extent of "P. longaeva"; specimens of both have been measured or estimated to be up to 3,000 years old. The longevity of the trees is believed to be related to the proportion of dead wood to live wood. This high ratio reduces respiration and water loss, thereby extending the life of the tree. Trees that reproduce by cloning can be considered to be much older than bristlecone pines. A colony of 47,000 quaking aspen trees (nicknamed "Pando"), covering in the Fishlake

neg: Dendrochronology January 1950. Timber core samples are sampled and used to measure the width of annual growth rings; by taking samples from different sites within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence. The techniques of dendrochronology are more consistent in areas where trees grew in marginal conditions such as aridity or semi-aridity where the ring growth is more sensitive to the environment, rather than in humid areas where tree-ring growth is more uniform (complacent). In addition, some genera of trees are more suitable than others for this type of analysis. For instance, the bristlecone pine is exceptionally long-lived

neg: Schedel Arboretum and Gardens embroidery, and a thousand-year-old Bronze sculpture. Around the mansion they developed an arboretum, planting 25 varieties of Japanese maple, 16 species of pine, including Bristlecone pine, Bald cypress, Golden chain tree, cucumber and umbrella magnolia, Japanese silver bell, various types of beech, bamboo, katsura, Franklin Trees, and nearly 50 lilac varieties. In several separate beds they introduced English-style landscapes, flowering displays, and a Japanese garden. They installed greenhouses, where annuals are prepared; each spring some 15,000 plants are transplanted from the greenhouse to the grounds, installed among perennials, trees, and shrubs. The Japanese Garden includes bridges, stone lanterns, and a

neg: Pinus balfouriana live up to 3000 years in the Sierra Nevada, although the highest currently proven age is 2110 years. In the Klamath Mountains, ages are only known to about 1000 years. "P. balfouriana" is closely related to the bristlecone pines, being classified in the same subsection "Balfourianae"; it has been hybridised with the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine in cultivation, though no hybrids have ever been found in the wild. Pinus balfouriana Pinus balfouriana, the foxtail pine, is a rare high-elevation pine that is endemic to California, United States. It is closely related to the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines,

neg: Big Pine, California Bristlecone Pine Forest, home to the oldest trees in the world. To the West, Glacier Lodge Road leads high up Big Pine Creek into the Sierra, to lakes, hiking trails, fishing, and rock climbing underneath the Palisades Range and the Palisade Glacier. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , over 99% of it land. The Big Pine post office first opened in 1870, closed for a time during 1877, changed its name to Bigpine in 1895, and reverted to Big Pine in 1962. Big Pine has a significant geologic feature (an earthquake

neg: Bristlecone pine between the ranges of "P. longaeva" and "P. aristata" and the northern Owens Valley provides a gap between the ranges of "P. longaeva" and "P. balfouriana". Bristlecone pines grow in isolated groves just below the tree line, between elevation on dolomitic soils. The trees grow in soils that are shallow lithosols, usually derived from dolomite and sometimes limestone, and occasionally sandstone or quartzite soils. Dolomite soils are alkaline, high in calcium and magnesium, and low in phosphorus. Those factors tend to exclude other plant species, allowing bristlecones to thrive. Because of cold temperatures, dry soils, high winds, and short growing

neg: Sierra Nevada subalpine zone of itself in extremely harsh environments as it leads to very long-lived individuals. Many of the tree species in Sierran subalpine are capable of living over 500 years. Whitebark pine has been found to live as long as 800 years, and foxtail pine, which is closely related to bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaevis") has been estimated to live 2500–3000 years. Seedling establishment in the harsh subalpine environment is difficult, so evolution has instead favored long-lived individuals that are reproductively active for tens or hundreds of years. The harsh conditions present in the subalpine zone are sufficient to keep competitive interactions at

neg: Wheeler Peak (Nevada) of great age. A Bristlecone Pine named Prometheus, which was at least 4,862 years old and the oldest known non-clonal organism, grew here before it was inadvertently cut down in 1964 as part of a research project. Limber Pine, which can live for over 1,000 years, are also found in the area. Wheeler Peak (Nevada) Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and in White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. The summit elevation of makes it the second-highest peak in Nevada, just behind Boundary Peak. With a topographic prominence of , Wheeler Peak is the most

neg: Negligible senescence longaeva" growing high in the White Mountains of Inyo County in eastern California, aged years. This record was superseded in 2012 by another Great Basin bristlecone pine located in the same region as Methuselah, and was estimated to be 5062 years old. The tree was sampled by Edmund Schulman and dated by Tom Harlan. Among bacteria, individual organisms are vulnerable and can easily die, but on the level of the colony, bacteria can live indefinitely. The two daughter bacteria resulting from cell division of a parent bacterium can be regarded as unique individuals or as members of a biologically “immortal”

neg: Pinus balfouriana Pinus balfouriana Pinus balfouriana, the foxtail pine, is a rare high-elevation pine that is endemic to California, United States. It is closely related to the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines, in the subsection "Balfourianae". The two disjunct populations are found in the southern Klamath Mountains (subspecies "balfouriana") and the southern Sierra Nevada (subspecies "austrina"). A small outlying population was reported in southern Oregon, but was proven to have been misidentified. "P. balfouriana" is a tree to tall, exceptionally , with a trunk up to across. Its leaves are needle-like, in bundles of five (or sometimes four, in the

neg: Great Basin montane forests shrub-covered hills and mountains ranging from in elevation. As elsewhere in the Tonopah region, Great Basin and Mojave Desert elements blend together especially toward the south and east, where some mountain brush and interior chaparral components, including Gambel oak, become more common. Pinyon-juniper woodland is extensive between elevation. The highest peaks support a few white fir, limber pine, or bristlecone pine. Great Basin montane forests The Great Basin montane forests is an ecoregion of the Temperate coniferous forests biome, as designated by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The Great Basin montane forests ecoregion is located in the Great Basin region

neg: California in California. Although Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States. About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests, and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; an individual bristlecone pine is over 5,000 years old. In the

neg: Bristlecone pine fungi, and other potential pests. The tree's longevity is due in part to the wood's extreme durability. While other species of trees that grow nearby suffer rot, bare bristlecone pines can endure, even after death, often still standing on their roots, for many centuries. Rather than rot, exposed wood, on living and dead trees, erodes like stone due to wind, rain, and freezing, which creates unusual forms and shapes. The bristlecone pine has an intrinsically low rate of reproduction and regeneration, and it is thought that under present climatic and environmental conditions the rate of regeneration may be insufficient to

neg: Rocky Mountains subalpine zone as limber pine, whitebark pine and bristlecone pine, other firs such as Douglas-fir and silver fir, and various junipers and other hardy species. Previously burned areas may contain varying amounts, or even almost pure stands, of lodgepole pine. Ground cover in a previously burned forest area often includes two species of huckleberry. On exposed, dry slopes at high elevations, subalpine white pine forests replace spruce-fir forests. Common species of the white pine forests include whitebark pine in the northern Rocky Mountains, limber pine in the central and north-central Rocky Mountains, and bristlecone pine in the southern Rocky Mountains. Typical intervals

neg: Pinophyta when mature. The oldest is a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine ("Pinus longaeva"), 4,700 years old. Since most conifers are evergreens, the leaves of many conifers are long, thin and have a needle-like appearance, but others, including most of the Cupressaceae and some of the Podocarpaceae, have flat, triangular scale-like leaves. Some, notably "Agathis" in Araucariaceae and "Nageia" in Podocarpaceae, have broad, flat strap-shaped leaves. Others such as "Araucaria columnaris" have leaves that are awl-shaped. In the majority of conifers, the leaves are arranged spirally, exceptions being most of Cupressaceae and one genus in Podocarpaceae, where they are arranged in decussate

neg: Prometheus (tree) In a clonal organism, however, the individual clonal stems are not nearly so old, and no part of the organism is particularly old at any given time. Until 2012, Prometheus was thus the oldest "non-clonal" organism yet discovered, with its innermost, extant rings exceeding 4862 years of age. In the 1950s dendrochronologists were making active efforts to find the oldest living tree species in order to use the analysis of the rings for various research purposes, such as the evaluation of former climates, the dating of archaeological ruins, and addressing the basic scientific question of maximum potential lifespan. Bristlecone pines

neg: Bristlecone pine to cultivate. In gardens, they succumb quickly to root rot. They do very well, however, where most other plants cannot even grow, such as in rocky dolomitic soils in areas with virtually no rainfall. Bristlecone pines grow in scattered subalpine groves at high altitude in arid regions of the Western United States. The name comes from the prickles on the female cones. There are three closely related species of bristlecone pines: At least some of the three species can hybridize in cultivation, but the ranges of wild populations do not overlap. The Colorado River and Green River produce a gap

neg: Pinus longaeva resin flecks appearing on the needles of the latter. The Great Basin bristlecone pine differs from the foxtail pine because the cone bristles of the former are over long, and the cones have a more rounded (not conic) base. The green pine needles give the twisted branches a bottle-brush appearance. The name 'bristlecone pine' refers to the dark purple female cones that bear incurved prickles on their surface. The species occurs in Utah, Nevada and eastern California. In California, it is restricted to the White Mountains, the Inyo Mountains, and the Panamint Range, in Mono and Inyo counties. In Nevada,

neg: Radiocarbon dating factors affect all trees in an area, so examining tree-ring sequences from old wood allows the identification of overlapping sequences. In this way, an uninterrupted sequence of tree rings can be extended far into the past. The first such published sequence, based on bristlecone pine tree rings, was created by Wesley Ferguson. Hans Suess used this data to publish the first calibration curve for radiocarbon dating in 1967. The curve showed two types of variation from the straight line: a long term fluctuation with a period of about 9,000 years, and a shorter term variation, often referred to as "wiggles",

neg: Goshute Canyon Wilderness Goshute Canyon Wilderness Goshute Canyon Wilderness is a wilderness area in northern White Pine County in the U.S. state of Nevada. Located in the Cherry Creek Range north of the town of Mcgill, the Wilderness was created by the "White Pine County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act of 2006" and is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Vegetation in the Wilderness consists primarily of thick pinyon pine and juniper stands at the lower elevations, while bristlecone and limber pine thrive in the higher elevations. Aspen and cottonwood trees crowd the moist drainages along the creeks that flow through

neg: Calibration of radiocarbon dates pieces of wood show characteristic sequences of rings that vary in thickness because of environmental factors such as the amount of rainfall in a given year. These factors affect all trees in an area, so examining tree-ring sequences from old wood allows the identification of overlapping sequences. In this way, an uninterrupted sequence of tree rings can be extended far into the past. The first such published sequence, based on bristlecone pine tree rings, was created in the 1960s by Wesley Ferguson. Hans Suess used this data to publish the first calibration curve for radiocarbon dating in 1967. The curve

neg: Cottonwood Creek (Inyo County, California) Cottonwood Creek (Inyo County, California) Cottonwood Creek originates in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forests of the White Mountains of eastern California. The creek flows eastward from below the alpine crest of the White Mountains and descends through groves of bristlecone pine, aspen and mountain mahogany, then a woodland of pinyon pine and juniper, and finally into sagebrush as the stream ends in endorheic Fish Lake Valley which is one of the contiguous collection of inward-draining basins that make up the Great Basin. Cottonwood Creek has no native fish, however its North Fork is a refuge for the threatened Paiute cutthroat

neg: South Egan Range Wilderness South Egan Range Wilderness South Egan Range Wilderness is a wilderness area in Lincoln, White Pine, and Nye Counties in the U.S. state of Nevada. Located in the Egan Range approximately two miles east of the town of Lund, the Wilderness was created by the "White Pine County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act of 2006" and is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The South Egan Range Wilderness protects the rugged, bristlecone pine-studded mountain spine running nearly the entire length of the White River Valley. In the southern third of the Wilderness, Long Valley forms an open bowl

neg: Donald Rusk Currey and sectioned on August 6, 1964, and several pieces of the sections hauled out to be processed and analyzed, first by Currey, then by others in later years. To their surprise, the tree was not only old, but older than any other non-clonal organism known until 2012, when another bristlecone pine was found to be 5062 years old. It took a few years for the information about the felling of Prometheus to reach the public, but once it did there was great controversy. Most criticism centered on the U.S. Forest Service's decision to permit the tree to be cut. However,

neg: Pine Tree High School proposition, located near campuses off Loop 281 near Pine Tree Parkway, opened in the fall of 2013. Pine Tree High School is a two-time National Blue Ribbon School award winner, in 1988-89 and again in 1992-93. Pine Tree High School Pine Tree High School is a suburban public high school located in the city of Longview, Texas, in Gregg County, United States and classified as a 5A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Pine Tree Independent School District located in west central Gregg County. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education

neg:
Pine Tree High School which was incorporated into Longview in the 1870s. Being founded in 1847, it is the 57th oldest public high school in America. Growth was slow but stable, with agriculture being the primary source of income through the turn of the century. The oil boom in 1931 brought thousands of people to East Texas and caused rapid growth for Pine Tree Schools. Alma Mater Pirates fight for old Pine Tree High
 For our Alma Mater dear
 Pirates fight for Old Pine Tree High,
 For Victory is near.

 To Pine Tree we’ll all be loyal
 ‘Til the

neg: Methuselah a synonym for longevity". Saying that someone is "as old as Methuselah" is a humorous way of saying that someone is very elderly. The word "Methuselarity," a portmanteau of Methuselah and singularity, was coined by Aubrey de Grey to mean a future point in time when all of the medical conditions that cause human death would be eliminated, and death would occur only by accident or homicide. A -year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine ("Pinus longaeva") tree growing high in the White Mountains of Inyo County in eastern California is called Methuselah. The lyrics of George Gershwin's song "It Ain't Necessarily

neg: Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest superseded by the discovery in 2013 of another bristlecone pine in the same area with an age of years (germination in 3051 BC). "Methuselah" is not marked in the forest, to ensure added protection from vandals. The forest is east of the Owens Valley, high on the eastern face of the White Mountains in the upper Fish Lake-Soda Spring Watershed, above the northernmost reach of the Mojave Desert into Great Basin ecotone. The forest's mountain habitat is in the Central Basin and Range ecoregion (EPA) and Taiga and Boreal forest ecoregion (WWF). The Patriarch Grove is the source of Cottonwood

neg: Pinus longaeva it is found in most of the higher ranges of the Basin and Range from the Spring Mountains near Las Vegas north to the Ruby Mountains, and in Utah, northeast to South Tent in the Wasatch Range. Due to the inaccessibility of many of the sites that this species occurs, information on their location and abundance is incomplete, and thus is needed. Environmental niche modelling has been used to better map the distribution of Great Basin bristlecone pine using topographic and spectral variables calculated from a geographic information system (GIS). The tree grows in large open stands, unlike the related

neg: Pine Tree High School Pine Tree High School Pine Tree High School is a suburban public high school located in the city of Longview, Texas, in Gregg County, United States and classified as a 5A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Pine Tree Independent School District located in west central Gregg County. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency. The Pine Tree ISD was established in 1847. Pine Tree High School was originally a boarding school for the region, and people came for miles to attend. It was a part of Pine Tree, Texas

neg: Geography of California Geography of California California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America. Covering an area of , California is geographically diverse. The Sierra Nevada, the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley, and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the major geographic features of this U.S. state. It is home to some of the world's most exceptional trees: the tallest (coast redwood), most massive (Giant Sequoia), and oldest (bristlecone pine). It is also home to both the highest (Mount Whitney) and lowest (Death Valley) points in the 48 contiguous states. The state is generally

neg: Bryan Bowers Sam Bush, Stuart Duncan, and Enright and O'Bryant play and sing on a number of cuts, this is a Bryan Bowers disc all the way, with his exquisite autoharp flavoring many of the tunes," wrote a November 2006 "Bluegrass Unlimited" reviewer of "Bristlecone Pine". "Bowers selects thematically diverse and lyrically strong material. There are powerful love songs ("When You And I Were True" and "Magnolia") and non-cloying meditations on life and death ("Bristlecone Pine," "Friend For Life," and "When I Go"), as well as haunting instrumentals. He nicely avoids the hackneyed stuff of so many folk/bluegrass/country performers." He maintains an

neg: Colorado Rockies forests forests. Bristlecone pine ("Pinus aristata") is the dominant plant at the tree line/krummholz zone. Aside from coniferous forests, the ecoregion contains meadows, foothill grasslands, riparian woodlands and alpine tundra. Mammals include elk ("Cervus canadensis"), mule deer ("Odocoileus hemonius"), black bear ("Ursus americanus"), wolverine ("Gulo gulo"), North American cougar ("Puma concolor"), Canada lynx ("Lynx canadensis"), and American marten ("Martes americana"). Grizzly bears ("Ursus arctos horriblis") may exist in this region but there has not been a confirmed sighting of a grizzly in Colorado since "1979". While this ecoregion is listed as "relatively stable/intact", it is threatened by logging, mining, oil and

neg: Pine Tree Academy the high school grades. Today, the academy is the oldest academy in the Northern New England Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. The academy is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and by the Adventist Accrediting Association. The academy has two sports programs—basketball and soccer. The basketball teams are members of the Maine Principals' Association. The soccer teams are members of the Maine Christian School Sports League. Pine Tree Academy Pine Tree Academy (also known as Pine Tree or PTA) is a Seventh-day Adventist, co-educational University preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades K–12. It is

neg: Pinus monophylla seen in nurseries, because it is difficult to germinate. In 1959, it was designated Nevada's state tree, later to be joined by the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine. Its discovery is attributed to American politician and explorer John C. Frémont. During the mid-nineteenth century, many pinyon groves were cut down to make charcoal for ore-processing, destroying the traditional lifestyle of the Native Americans who depended on them for food. When the railroads penetrated these areas, imported coal supplanted locally produced charcoal. Following the resulting re-establishment of pinyon woodlands after the charcoal era, many cattle ranchers became concerned that these woodlands provided

neg: Geography of California directly affected by glaciation; see pluvial). Many of these lakes have extensive evaporite deposits that contain a variety of different salts. In fact, the salt sediments of many of these lake beds have been mined for many years for various salts, most notably borax (this is most famously true for Owens Lake and Death Valley). In this province reside the White Mountains, which are home to the oldest living organism in the world, the bristlecone pine To the west of the Central Valley lies the Coast Ranges, including the Diablo Range, just east of San Francisco, and the Santa Cruz

neg: Särö Västerskog Särö Västerskog Särö Västerskog is a nature reserve located in Kungsbacka Municipality, Sweden, on a peninsula west of the locality of Särö. It was established in 1974 and is currently part of the Natura 2000 ecological network. The reserve has an area of 55 hectares; it is mostly covered with forest, but there are also pastures and beaches, as well as graves from the Nordic Bronze Age. The most common trees are oak and pine, some of which are 200–300 years old. In 1914, a pine tree with 480 growth rings was found - probably the oldest known pine in

neg: Forfjord Forfjord Forfjord is a fjord on the west side of Hinnøya island in Vesterålen in Northern Norway. Forfjord has about 70 inhabitants and is located 30 kilometers from Sortland and 70 kilometers from Andenes. The name is derived from its pine forest, as "Furu" and "Forra" translates to pine tree. It has rich resources for small and large game hunters, rivers and mountain lakes attracting sports fishermen from near and afar, and a nature reserve with the oldest living pine trees on record in Northern Europe. Among 1000-year-old living trees, trees still standing have been dated to 830 AD. It

neg: Worlds in Collision encounter between a planet and an asteroid'. This failure to recognize the power of comets and asteroids means that it is reasonable to go back to Velikovsky and delete all the physically impossible text about Venus and Mars passing close to the earth." More recently, the absence of supporting material in ice core studies (such as the Greenland Dye-3 and Vostok cores), bristlecone pine tree ring data, Swedish clay varves, and many hundreds of cores taken from ocean and lake sediments from all over the world has ruled out any basis for the proposition of a global catastrophe of the

neg: Judean date palm human-assisted germination of a seed (the claim in 2012 of a 32,000-year-old arctic flower involved fruit tissue rather than a seed). The palm, named Methuselah (not to be confused with a bristlecone pine tree of the same name), was about tall in June 2008. , it is reported at high, having been transplanted from pot to earth. By May 2015, the palm was tall and was producing pollen. Even if the pollination of a female Judean date palm, grown of a seed from the same batch, with Methuselah's pollen should succeed, the resulting fruit would not represent the recreation of

neg: White Pine Range Wilderness "Pinus flexilis" - Limber pine, and "Pinus longaeva" - Great Basin Bristlecone Pines. White Pine Range Wilderness The White Pine Range Wilderness is a wilderness area in southwestern White Pine County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. The Wilderness lies within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and is therefore administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Bordered by Currant Mountain Wilderness on the south, the White Pine Range Wilderness was created by the White Pine County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act of 2006. The nearest city is Ely, Nevada. The White Pine Range Wilderness is characterized by rocky canyons and forested alpine

neg: Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act The Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act is a U.S. federal law enacted in 2006 that enlarged existing wilderness boundaries and created new wilderness areas for protection under the National Wilderness Preservation System. These newly designated protected wilderness areas help safeguard habitat for more than 250 endangered species including the California condor and the bristlecone pine, the oldest living trees on earth. It also added Wild and Scenic status to sections of the Black Butte River, created the Cow Mountain Recreation Area and designated the Elkhorn Ridge Potential Wilderness Area. The Act

neg: Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act Francisco Chronicle's columnist Tom Steinstra's article (dated Oct. 2002) concerning fraud charges against Senator Boxer by mountain biking groups. retrieved April 4, 2008 Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act The Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act is a U.S. federal law enacted in 2006 that enlarged existing wilderness boundaries and created new wilderness areas for protection under the National Wilderness Preservation System. These newly designated protected wilderness areas help safeguard habitat for more than 250 endangered species including the California condor and the bristlecone pine, the oldest living trees on earth. It also added Wild and Scenic status

neg: Pirin National Park of the wooded territory is covered with trees above 140 years. The oldest tree in Bulgaria, the 1300–year Baikushev's pine of the species Bosnian pine ("Pinus heldreichii") , is found in the park and is a contemporary of the foundation of the Bulgarian state in 681 AD. There are 16 tree species; of them three are Balkan endemic taxa with limited areal — the Bulgarian fir ("Abies borisii-regis"), Macedonian pine ("Pinus peuce") and Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii). The largest area is occupied by dwarf mountain pine ("Pinus mugo") – 59.62 km, Macedonian pine ("Pinus peuce") – 54.15 km, Norway spruce

neg: Hockey stick controversy kept PC1 and PC2. This removed the significant 20th century warming pattern of PC4, discarding data that produced the "hockey stick" shape. They said that "In the controversial 15th century period, the MBH98 method effectively selects only one species (bristlecone pine) into the critical North American PC1", but subsequent investigation showed that the "hockey stick" shape remained with the correct selection rule, even when bristlecone pine proxies were removed. Their MM05 paper said that the MBH98 (1902–1980 centering) "method, when tested on persistent red noise, nearly always produces a hockey stick shaped first principal component (PC1)", by picking out "series

neg: Pine Tree Academy Pine Tree Academy Pine Tree Academy (also known as Pine Tree or PTA) is a Seventh-day Adventist, co-educational University preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades K–12. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. The school is located in Freeport, Maine, north of Portland. Pine Tree Academy was founded in 1921 on a farm near Auburn, Maine. The school closed in 1933 because of The Depression. In 1961, the academy reopened as Pine Tree Memorial School in Freeport. In 1973, the school began offering all four years of

neg: Pinus flexilis Pinus flexilis Pinus flexilis, the limber pine, is a species of pine tree-the family Pinaceae that occurs in the mountains of the Western United States, Mexico, and Canada. It is also called Rocky Mountain white pine. A limber pine in Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon has been documented as over 2000 years old, and another one was confirmed at 1140 years old. Another candidate for the oldest limber pine was identified in 2006 near the Alta Ski Area in Utah; called "Twister", the tree was confirmed to be at least 1700 years old and thought to be even older. The largest

neg: California State Route 168 from 395 in Big Pine, CA. Route 168 then climbs into the White Mountains through Westgard Pass, passing the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest. From here it traverses Deep Springs Valley, home of Deep Springs College, before crossing into Fish Lake Valley, where the segment ends at CA Route 266, just west of the Nevada Border. In Bishop. The segment of the highway from Lake Sabrina east to the community of Aspendell is subject to closure to most vehicles during the winter months, usually not opening until mid- or late-April, due to snow removal. The winter road closure gate is actually