query: what does each layer of the grand canyon represent

pos: Geology of the Grand Canyon area Geology of the Grand Canyon area The geology of the Grand Canyon area includes one of the most complete and studied sequences of rock on Earth. The nearly 40 major sedimentary rock layers exposed in the Grand Canyon and in the Grand Canyon National Park area range in age from about 200 million to nearly 2 billion years old. Most were deposited in warm, shallow seas and near ancient, long-gone sea shores in western North America. Both marine and terrestrial sediments are represented, including lithified sand dunes from an extinct desert. There are at least 14 known unconformities in the

pos: Unkar Group Group. This disconformity is sharp and locally truncates cross-bedding and channels exhibited by sandstones in the underlying Hakatai Shale. Within the Shinumo Quartzite, a basal lag composed of a layer of conglomerate, which contains basement clasts up to across, lies on the eroded surface that forms this disconformity. This basal conglomerate contains quartzite clasts that lack any known equivalents in the Grand Canyon region. As documented by the dating of detrital zircons, this disconformity is estimated to represent a period of about 75 million years. The age and exhumation history of the underlying Vishnu Basement Rocks constrain the age of

pos: Palo Duro Canyon the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, during the Pleistocene, when the whole region was uplifted. Most of the strata visible in the canyon were deposited during the Permian and Triassic periods. From oldest to youngest, and each separated by an unconformity, the formations are: Quartermaster Formation: Permian in age, this comprises the red, lower slopes of the Canyon. This layer was deposited in a near-shore shallow-marine environment consisting of siltstones and shales with ripple marks and cross bedding, that alternated with dry tidal flats indicated by satin spar gypsum and halite cast evaporite deposits. The red color indicates periods

neg: Grand Staircase Grand Staircase The Grand Staircase refers to an immense sequence of sedimentary rock layers that stretch south from Bryce Canyon National Park and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, through Zion National Park, and into the Grand Canyon National Park. In the 1870s, geologist Clarence Dutton first conceptualized this region as a huge stairway ascending out of the bottom of the Grand Canyon northward with the cliff edge of each layer forming giant steps. Dutton divided this layer cake of Earth history into five steps from the youngest (uppermost) rocks: Since then, modern geologists have further divided Dutton's steps into individual rock

neg: The Message in the Bottle and classification. Percy begins by discussing the Grand Canyon—he says that, whereas García López de Cárdenas, who discovered the canyon, was amazed and awed by it, the modern-day sightseer can see it only through the lens of "the symbolic complex which has already been formed in the sightseer's mind" (47). Because of this, the sightseer does not appreciate the Grand Canyon on its own merits; he appreciates it based on how well or poorly it conforms to his preexisting image of the Grand Canyon, formed by the mythology surrounding it. What is more, instead of approaching the site directly, he

neg: Sipapu from this point that the "First Peoples" of the Earth began to divide and separate, creating differing tribes along the first journeys of the first humans. sando,joe s,(1982). "the pueblo indians". san francisco; the Indian historian press. The Hopi and other Pueblo Culture people (Zuni, Acoma) believe that they are born of the Grand Canyon which is where the original Sipapu is located. The Grand Canyon is the 'place of emergence' and each modern Hopi village would have one or several kivas. Each kiva is subterranean and contains a small hole, just off center, to represent their place of emergence

neg: QAGS "Gaming Guest" of Honor at Archon 30. In QAGS, player characters are defined by six Words. Body, Brain, and Nerve represent the character’s physical, "intellectual" and mental (willpower and social skills, for example) abilities. Job, Gimmick and Weakness represent what the character does, what makes him unique in the world, and what limits him in a grand Shakespearean way. These last three Words are qualified. For example, a character’s Job might be “Animal Control Officer”, his Gimmick “Hide In Plain Sight”, and his Weakness “Dies if touches peanut butter”. Each of these six Words is assigned a Number ranging from

neg: Zhemchug Canyon Zhemchug Canyon Zhemchug Canyon is an underwater canyon located in the middle of the Bering Sea. This submarine canyon is the deepest and is tied for widest canyon in the ocean. It has a vertical relief of dropping from the shallow shelf of the Bering Sea to the depths of the Aleutian Basin. Zhemchug Canyon is deeper than the Grand Canyon which is deep. It has two main branches, each larger than typical continental margin canyons such as the Monterey Canyon. What makes the Zhemchug Canyon the world's largest is not only its great depth, but its immense cross-sectional and

neg: Surprise Canyon Formation "" 'clayey red-orange soil' similar to that known in the Tropics today."" Below the Redwall surface, solution-cavern deposits of the Surprise Canyon, have a Redwall Limestone geologic layer, now expressed above them. The Surprise Canyon Formation is found extensively in regions below Grand Canyon Village, Arizona, South Rim, regions northwest, north, and northeast. It is discontinuous, but is found in geologic sequences below the South Rim, and its various landforms, and also especially at the Inner Gorge in specific landforms that have cliffs, and upper surface platforms of the Redwall Limestone. Example landforms near Grand Canyon Village, are Pattie Butte-(Newton

neg: Temple Butte Limestone Nevada, over of limestone and dolomite occupy the interval between the Muav and Redwall limestones, where in the Grand Canyon there exists less than of Temple Butte limestone. These limestone and dolomite beds represent sediments that accumulated during the period of time represented by the two disconformities that from the upper and lower contacts of the Temple Butte Limestone in the Grand Canyon. Sequence of Lower to Middle Paleozoic Strata: Temple Butte Limestone The Devonian Temple Butte Limestone outcrops through most of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA; it also occurs in southeast Nevada. Within the eastern Grand Canyon, it consists

neg: Grand Canyon the scenery. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of

neg: Tonto Trail Tonto Trail The Tonto Trail is a hiking trail on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The Tonto Trail does not terminate at either rim of the Grand Canyon, but begins along the south bank of the Colorado River at Garnet Canyon (western end) and ends at Red Canyon (eastern end), also at the Colorado River. Through most of its 70-mile length, the trail runs along the Tonto Platform, the bench in the Grand Canyon that separates the inner gorge from the upper canyon. Tonto crosses the

neg: Disneyland Railroad Grand Canyon Diorama, the main theme from "On the Trail", the third movement of Ferde Grofé's "Grand Canyon Suite", can be heard; and as the train runs alongside the Primeval World Diorama, music from the 1961 film "Mysterious Island" can be heard. Shortly after leaving the tunnel, the train arrives back at Main Street, U.S.A. Station, completing what the park refers to as "The Grand Circle Tour". An option to ride on a seat in the tenders of the DRR's locomotives is available upon request at Main Street, U.S.A. Station at the start of each operating day. The option to

neg: Grand Canyon Depot Grand Canyon Depot Grand Canyon Depot, also known as Grand Canyon Railroad Station, was constructed in 1909-10 for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, in what is now Grand Canyon National Park. It is one of three remaining railroad depots in the United States built with logs as the primary structure material. The station is within of the rim of the canyon, opposite the El Tovar Hotel, also built by the railroad. The depot is designated a National Historic Landmark. The Santa Fe Railway obtained the rights to develop the South

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area Many fossilized crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, horn corals, nautiloids, and sponges, along with other marine organisms such as large and complex trilobites have been found in the Redwall. In late Mississippian time, the Grand Canyon region was slowly uplifted and the Redwall was partly eroded away. A Karst topography consisting of caves, sinkholes, and subterranean river channels resulted but were later filled with more limestone. The exposed surface of Redwall gets its characteristic color from rainwater dripping from the iron-rich redbeds of the Supai and Hermit shale that lie above. Surprise Canyon Formation is a sedimentary layer of purplish-red shale that

neg: Wake-sleep algorithm representations of data. Layers above represent data from the layer below it. Actual data is placed below the bottom layer, causing layers on top of it to become gradually more abstract. Between each pair of layers there is a recognition weight and generative weight, which are trained to improve reliability during the algorithm runtime. The wake-sleep algorithm is convergent and can be stochastic if alternated appropriately. Training consists of two phases – the “wake” phase and the “sleep” phase. Neurons are fired by recognition connections (from what would be input to what would be output). Generative connections (leading from outputs

neg: Tonto Trail in rapids), and drowning. Hikers who venture east of the South Kaibab Trail or west of the Hermit Trail are more likely to find solitude and isolation in addition to other hazards related to desert hiking. Tonto Trail The Tonto Trail is a hiking trail on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, located in the U.S. state of Arizona. The Tonto Trail does not terminate at either rim of the Grand Canyon, but begins along the south bank of the Colorado River at Garnet Canyon (western end) and ends at Red Canyon (eastern end),

neg:
Grand Canyon Suite Grand Canyon Suite The Grand Canyon Suite is a suite for orchestra by Ferde Grofé, composed between 1929 and 1931. It was initially titled Five Pictures of the Grand Canyon. It consists of five movements, each an evocation in tone of a particular scene typical of the Grand Canyon. Paul Whiteman and his orchestra gave the first public performance of the work, in concert at the Studebaker Theatre in Chicago on November 22, 1931. The movements of the suite are: I. Sunrise
 II. Painted Desert
 III. On the Trail
 IV. Sunset
 V. Cloudburst "Grand Canyon" is a 1958 short Walt

neg: Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne The Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne is the notable canyon section of the river valley of the Tuolumne River, located within Yosemite National Park, in Tuolumne County and the Sierra Nevada, California. As defined by the United States Geological Survey, the canyon at Glen Aulin and ends directly above Hetch Hetchy Valley. The Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne starts at Glen Aulin, immediately below the confluence of Cold Canyon, Conness Creek, and the Tuolumne River. Here, the valley walls pull away from each other and become steeper. The water meanders and forms deep pools. After

neg: Grand Canyon Suite Camden, New Jersey. The suite was released on eight 78 RPM records in 1932. The movements recorded were "Sunrise", "Painted Desert", "On the Trail", "Sunset", and "Cloudburst". RCA Victor also separately recorded 2 - 12" 33 1/3 long playing recordings for their short lived "Program Transcription" series (L-35001 and L-35002). Grand Canyon Suite The Grand Canyon Suite is a suite for orchestra by Ferde Grofé, composed between 1929 and 1931. It was initially titled Five Pictures of the Grand Canyon. It consists of five movements, each an evocation in tone of a particular scene typical of the Grand Canyon. Paul

neg: Normal-form game what row does, column does better by choosing "Defect". This demonstrates the unique Nash equilibrium of this game is ("Defect", "Defect"). These matrices only represent games in which moves are simultaneous (or, more generally, information is imperfect). The above matrix does not represent the game in which player 1 moves first, observed by player 2, and then player 2 moves, because it does not specify each of player 2's strategies in this case. In order to represent this sequential game we must specify all of player 2's actions, even in contingencies that can never arise in the course of the

neg: John Hance is to miss half the show." Hance delighted in telling canyon stories to visitors, favoring the whopper of a tale over mere facts. With a straight face, Hance told travelers how he had dug the canyon himself, piling the excavated earth down near Flagstaff (a dirt pile now known as the San Francisco Peaks). Despite such questionable claims, Hance left a lasting legacy at the Grand Canyon, dying in 1919, the year the Grand Canyon became a National Park. Hance was the first person buried in what would become the Grand Canyon Pioneer Cemetery. John Hance John Hance (1840 –

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area with some limestone. Isolated pockets of reddish sandstone are also found around Carbon Butte. Stromatolites are found in this layer. The Sixtymile Formation is made of tan-colored sandstone with some small sections of shale. About 800 million years ago the supergroup was tilted 15° and block faulted in the Grand Canyon Orogeny. Some of the block units moved down and others moved up while fault movement created north—south-trending fault-block mountain ranges. About 100 million years of erosion took place that washed most of the Chuar Group away along with part of the Unkar Group (exposing the Shinumo Quartzite as previously

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area Climate was warm and invertebrates, such as the trilobites, were abundant. An ocean started to return to the Grand Canyon area from the west about 550 million years ago. As its shoreline moved east, the ocean began to concurrently deposit the three formations of the Tonto Group. Tapeats Sandstone averages 525 million years old and is made of medium- to coarse-grained sand and conglomerate that was deposited on an ancient shore (see 3a in ). Ripple marks are common in the upper members of this dark brown thin-bedded layer. Fossils and imprint trails of trilobites and brachiopods have also been

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area marine environments. The first formation to be laid down in the Unkar Group was the Bass Formation. Fluvial gravels initially accumulated in shallow river valleys. They later lithified into a basal conglomerate that is known as the Hotauta Member of the Bass Formation. The Bass Formation was deposited in a shallow sea near the coast as a mix of limestone, sandstone, and shale. Diagenesis later altered the bulk of the limestone into dolomite. It is thick and grayish in color. Averaging 1250 million years old, this is the oldest layer exposed in the Grand Canyon that contains fossils—stromatolites. Hakatai Shale

neg: Glen Canyon Dam of more than during the spring; this has been limited to less than most years with few exceptions. Before the dam was built, Colorado River temperatures ranged from over in the heat of summer to just above freezing in winter. Today, water released by Glen Canyon is a consistent throughout the year due to a thermal mass effect in Lake Powell. The water typically released from hundreds of feet below the lake surface through the penstocks is insulated from temperature fluctuations by the thick layer of water above it. Nikolai Ramsey of the Grand Canyon Trust describes the clearer, colder

neg: Fraser Canyon of the Fraser Canyon. Other important canyons on tributaries include Coquihalla Canyon, the Bridge River Canyon, Seton Canyon and adjacent Cayoosh Canyon, Pavilion Canyon, Vermilion Canyon (Slok Creek) and Churn Creek Canyon. The Chilcotin River also has several subcanyons, as does the Chilko River, notably Lava Canyon and another Black Canyon. There are other canyons on the Fraser that are not considered part of the canyon, notably at Soda Creek, between Williams Lake and Prince George. The official but comparatively diminutive Grand Canyon of the Fraser is in the river's upper stretch through the Rocky Mountain Trench, about 115 km

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area cliffs that are thick and was laid down in latest early Permian time, about 270 million years ago, by an advancing warm, shallow sea. The formation is typically made of sandy limestone sitting on top of a layer of sandstone. This is the cream to grayish-white rock that park visitors stand on while viewing the canyon from both rims. It is also the surface rock covering much of the Kaibab Plateau just north of the canyon and the Coconino Plateau immediately south. Shark teeth have been found in this formation as well as abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as

neg: South Kaibab Trail Park shuttle bus. From the trailhead, the trail heads north. Hikers begin with a steep descent through the Grand Canyon's upper rock layers: the Kaibab Limestone and Toroweap Formation. At about 1/2 mile one can observe an excellent example of a pustule dome. Here a small deposit of less dense more buoyant evaporite has punctured through a layer of harder limestone above. Through the first ¾ mile, the trail cuts through the eastern side of Pipe Creek Canyon until "Ooh-ahh Point", where the canyon walls turn around Yaki Point and the view of the eastern canyon opens up. The point

neg: History of the Grand Canyon area Colorado River and through the Grand Canyon. This first expedition was poorly funded and consequently no photographer or graphic artist was included. While in the Canyon of Lodore one of the group's four boats capsized, spilling most of their food and much of their scientific equipment into the river. This shortened the expedition to one hundred days. Tired of being constantly cold, wet and hungry and not knowing they had already passed the worst rapids, three of Powell's men climbed out of the canyon in what is now called Separation Canyon. Once out of the canyon, all three were reportedly

neg: Hoodoo (geology) of the underlying softer layer from erosion. The heavy cap pressing downwards gives the pedestal of the hoodoo its strength to resist erosion. With time, erosion of the soft layer causes the cap to be undercut, eventually falling off, and the remaining cone is then quickly eroded. Typically, hoodoos form from multiple weathering processes that continuously work together in eroding the edges of a rock formation known as a fin. For example, the primary weathering force at Bryce Canyon is frost wedging. The hoodoos at Bryce Canyon experience over 200 freeze/thaw cycles each year. In the winter, melting snow, in

neg: Canyon Bomber bricks rather than round rocks. Instead of visible point values, each layer of bricks has a color corresponding to its worth. It also includes "Sea Bomber" game modes where players destroy ships instead of rocks. The 1981 VIC-20 game "Blitz" was inspired by a description of "Canyon Bomber" and used buildings as the targets instead of rocks. That change inspired many subsequent "Blitz" clones for different systems. Canyon Bomber Canyon Bomber is a black-and-white 1977 arcade game, developed and published by Atari, Inc. It was written by Howard Delman who previously programmed "Super Bug" for Atari. "Canyon Bomber" was rewritten

neg: Multilayer perceptron does not vary. The analysis is more difficult for the change in weights to a hidden node, but it can be shown that the relevant derivative is This depends on the change in weights of the formula_19th nodes, which represent the output layer. So to change the hidden layer weights, the output layer weights change according to the derivative of the activation function, and so this algorithm represents a backpropagation of the activation function. <section end=theory /> The term "multilayer perceptron" does not refer to a single perceptron that has multiple layers. Rather, it contains many perceptrons that are organized

neg: Grand Canyon a backcountry permit from the Backcountry Office (BCO). Each year Grand Canyon National Park receives approximately 30,000 requests for backcountry permits. The park issues 13,000 permits, and close to 40,000 people camp overnight. The earliest a permit application is accepted is the first of the month, four months before the proposed start month. Tourists wishing for a more vertical perspective can go skydiving, board helicopters and small airplanes in Boulder, Las Vegas, Phoenix and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (seven miles from the South Rim) for canyon flyovers. Scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1500 feet of

neg: The Message in the Bottle Delta Factor," that of the literature student who cannot read a Shakespearean sonnet that is easily read by a post apocalyptic survivor in Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World". The literature student is blocked from the sonnet by the educational system built around it, what Percy calls its "package." Instead of transmitting the subject of education, education often transmits only itself, and the student does not view the subject as open and delightful, nor does he view himself as sovereign. Percy offers two ways around this, both involving, as did his solution to the problem of the Grand Canyon, an indirect

neg: Vigilius (genus) In 2000, paleontologists Anne Warren and Claudia Marsicano suggested that the lower jaw and skull represent two different species, as they were found over apart and come from two animals of different size. Warren and Marsicano assigned the skull the a new genus and species "Vigilius wellesi". The genus name comes from the Latin word "vigilia" meaning "keeping watch," a reference to its large eye sockets and "to the fact that the skull was keeping vigil over the Grand Canyon." The species was named in honor of Welles. Several bones found around the Grand Canyon site were also attributed to

neg: Perceptrons (book) is mentioned in Rosenblatt's book, and is even mentioned in the book Perceptrons. Minsky also extensively uses formal neurons to create simple theoretical computers in his book "Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines". What the book does prove is that in three-layered feed-forward perceptrons (with a so-called "hidden" or "intermediary" layer), it is not possible to compute some predicates unless at least one of the neurons in the first layer of neurons (the "intermediary" layer) is connected with a non-null weight to each and every input. This was contrary to a hope held by some researchers in relying mostly on networks

neg: History of the Grand Canyon area the National Park Service. Today, Grand Canyon National Park receives about five million visitors each year, a far cry from the annual visitation of 44,173 in 1919. Current archaeological evidence suggests that humans inhabited the Grand Canyon area as far back as 4,000 years ago and at least were passers-through for 6,500 years before that. Radiocarbon dating of artifacts found in limestone caves in the inner canyon indicate ages of 3,000 to 4,000 years. In the 1950s split-twig animal figurines were found in the Redwall Limestone cliffs of the Inner Gorge that were dated in this range. These animal figurines

neg: Otis R. Marston to each row a boat on the same trip through the Grand Canyon. Dock swam Dubendorff Rapid without a life jacket or air mattress. It was the first record of anyone intentionally swimming a Grand Canyon rapid free of any flotation device. In 1948, Dock rowed the Grand Canyon on his last river trip with Norm Nevills before Nevills' untimely death in 1949. He also ran the Dolores River with his wife Mag, making the first complete transit of the Dolores River with Robert Preston Walker of the "Grand Junction Daily Sentinel". Dock’s next first was his run of the

neg: Geology of Mars quarter of the planet’s circumference. If placed on Earth, Valles Marineris would span the width of North America. In places, the canyons are up to 300 km wide and 10 km deep. Often compared to Earth’s Grand Canyon, the Valles Marineris has a very different origin than its tinier, so-called counterpart on Earth. The Grand Canyon is largely a product of water erosion. The Martian equatorial canyons were of tectonic origin, i.e. they were formed mostly by faulting. They could be similar to the East African Rift valleys. The canyons represent the surface expression of powerful extensional strain in the

neg: Cairn farmers have collected stones removed from a field. These can be seen in the Catskill Mountains, North America where there is a strong Scottish heritage, and may also represent places where livestock were lost. In locales exhibiting fantastic rock formations, such as the Grand Canyon, tourists often construct simple cairns in reverence of the larger counterparts. By contrast, cairns may have a strong aesthetic purpose, for example in the art of Andy Goldsworthy. Norwegian authorities said in 2015 that illegal cairns are being built each year, to a large degree by tourists to Norway; part of the problem is that

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area geologic record found in the Grand Canyon. Uplift of the region started about 75 million years ago during the Laramide orogeny; a mountain-building event that is largely responsible for creating the Rocky Mountains to the east. In total, the Colorado Plateau was uplifted an estimated . The adjacent Basin and Range Province to the west started to form about 18 million years ago as the result of crustal stretching. A drainage system that flowed through what is today the eastern Grand Canyon emptied into the now lower Basin and Range province. Opening of the Gulf of California around 6 million

neg: Geology of the Bryce Canyon area small amount of overlap occurs in and around each park. The rocks exposed in Bryce Canyon are about 100 million years younger than those in nearby Zion National Park, and the rocks exposed in Zion are younger than those in the Grand Canyon to the south. There are, however, shared rock units between all three, creating a supersequence of formations that geologists call the Grand Staircase. Together the formations of the Grand Staircase record nearly 2000 million years of the Earth's history. Bryce Canyon's formations are the youngest known units in the Grand Staircase. Younger rock units, if they ever

neg: Freemasonry Jurisdiction can be waived when the two overlapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both). Regularity is a concept based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, the basic membership requirements, tenets and rituals of the craft. Each Grand Lodge sets its own definition of what these landmarks are, and thus what is Regular and what is Irregular (and the definitions do not necessarily

neg: Grand Canyon National Park UNESCO in 1979. "Grand Canyon" was officially designated a national park on February 26, 1919, though the landmark had been well known to Americans for over thirty years prior. In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt visited the site and said: "The Grand Canyon fills me with awe. It is beyond comparison—beyond description; absolutely unparalleled through-out the wide world... Let this great wonder of nature remain as it now is. Do nothing to mar its grandeur, sublimity and loveliness. You cannot improve on it. But what you can do is to keep it for your children, your children's children, and all who

neg: Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne run high. A few kilometres below Glen Aulin, the walls of the lower canyon pinch together to form a narrow chasm of less than in length, the Muir Gorge. A short way below the Muir Gorge, the Grand Canyon widens again, much as it does at Glen Aulin, though here it is deeper. This broad plain bears the name of "Pate Valley." Some below here, Hetch Hetchy Reservoir (created by O’Shaughnessy Dam) claims the Tuolumne River. A trail runs along the Tuolumne River from its headwaters to below Pate Valley (though it leaves the valley floor for some time to

neg: Grand Canyon: A Different View National Park bookstores in 2003, and on the web. Vail, a river guide in the park, had recently converted to Christianity and adopted "'a different view' of the Canyon, which, according to a biblical time scale, can't possibly be more than about a few thousand years old." Vail continues to conduct tours of the canyon for creationists through an organization called Canyon Ministries. Wilfred Elders said that "The book is remarkable because it has 23 co-authors who comprise a veritable "Who's Who" in creationism. Each chapter of "Grand Canyon: A Different View" begins with an overview by Vail, followed by

neg: Sara Holt (artist) second summer course at Pasadena City College on David Elder's suggestion. Holt was immediately captivated by the light and transparency that this medium offered. A trip to the Grand Canyon in 1968 cemented her early interests in stratification and organic processes. Her works are made using different layers of colored resin which are cast layer by layer in molds and then left to set after being catalyzed. Certain pieces take up to a year to complete. Since 1972, the year of her first monumental commissioned piece in Bagnolet, near Paris, " Douze Cones ", she has continued to work simultaneously

neg: Adventuredome as "Lazer Blast". The dinosaur theme consisted of eight large animatronic dinosaurs spread throughout the park, with visitors being able to read the informational placards in front of each one. Though visitors could not ride them, the dinosaurs often "interacted" with the visitors, with some spitting water on guests. Grand Slam Canyon, as indicated by its name, was also inspired by the Grand Canyon and originally featured river-rapid rides, two lagoonlike pools, a lazy creek and a re-creation of a pueblo. Grand Slam Canyon was initially popular, but visitors often expressed their desire for more things to do. Tom Nolan,

neg: Kaibab Limestone are known as the Rock Canyon conglomerate. Within the Marble Canyon and eastern Grand Canyon regions and south into Verde Valley, upper contact of the Kaibab Limestone with the Moenkopi Formation is an erosional disconformity. This disconformity exhibits little relief and is identified by marked differences in color, topography, and rock types between tan, ledge-forming, calcareous sandstones and of the Kaibab Limestone and red, slope-forming siltstones of the Moenkopi formation. The unconformity and disconformity are inferred to represent most of Permian time (including the Leonardian) and part of Early Triassic time. Although the Moenkopi Formation overlies the Kaibab Limestone, its

neg: Here We Are (short story) each appears to be hoping that the other is making the same assumptions about what is to take place. The petty conflicts that erupt during the conversation represent each character's fear that their new spouse in fact does not have the same assumptions about what is expected of them, and by extension, that the new partner does not love them in the way they want to be loved. The wife in particular is concerned about her powerlessness in the marital arrangement, mentioning several times the fact that she is "alone" on a train with the husband, away from her family.

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area that were deposited in fluvial and tidal environments. Ripple marks and other features indicate it was close to the shore. Outcrops of this red to orange formation can be seen in the eastern parts of the canyon. Fossils of stromatolites and algae are found in this layer. At 1070 ± 70 million years old, the Cardenas Basalt is the youngest formation in the Unkar Group. It is made of layers of dark brown basaltic rocks that flowed as lava up to thick. Nankoweap Formation is around 1050 million years old and is not part of a group. This rock unit

neg: Grand Palace (พระที่นั่งดุสิตมหาปราสาท) dominates the Maha Prasat group. The throne hall was built on a symmetrical cruciform plan, the roof is topped with a tall gilded spire. The hall is considered an ideal archetype of Thai traditional architecture. Every aspect of the exterior decoration of the throne hall is imbuded with symbolism. The hall is built in the shape of a tall mountain to represent Mount Meru, the mythological centre of the universe. The spire can be divided into three sections. The lower section, which is the base, is formed of seven superimposed layers, each layer representing a level of heaven in

neg: Geology of the Grand Canyon area nature trail on the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. Each meter walked on the trail represents one million years of Grand Canyon's geologic history. Bronze markers on the trail mark your location in time. The trail begins at Yavapai Geology Museum at 2 billion years ago, and ends at Verkamp's Visitor Center. Along the way are samples of the Canyon's rocks, as you would encounter them going from the river up to the rim, and displays explaining the geologic history of the Canyon. The trail opened in late 2010. The Yavapai Geology Museum include three-dimensional models, photographs, and

neg: Grand Canyon Railway Grand Canyon Railway were suspended in September 2008. Xanterra cited environmental concerns as the reason for the decision, pointing out that each roundtrip of a steam locomotive consumed 1,450 gallons of diesel fuel (compared to the 550 gallons used by a diesel-electric locomotive) and 1,200 gallons of water. Industry experts said that ridership losses due to the late 2000s recession and rising fuel prices due to the 2000s energy crisis likely contributed to the decision. Steam locomotives would return to the Grand Canyon Railway on September 19, 2009. Xanterra converted the steam locomotives to operate using waste vegetable oil collected

neg: Grand Canyon Limited the "Grand Canyon Limited", which became a celebrated vacation train. The westward train split at Barstow, one section running to San Francisco (Oakland-Richmond) via the Tehachapi Loop while the other continued to Los Angeles. In 1938 it began running via Amarillo instead of La Junta; in 1950 it became two trains west of Kansas City, one by each route. During World War II the "Limited" often ran in two or three sections carrying troops. In later years the train lost passengers to the railroad's newer trains such as the "Super Chief" with its streamlined cars. The "Grand Canyon" train lost

neg: Buckey O'Neill Cabin Buckey O'Neill Cabin The Buckey O'Neill Cabin was built in 1890 by William "Buckey" O'Neill in what would become Grand Canyon National Park. O'Neill was, among many other things, a member of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders, who had previously been an author, sheriff, and a judge in his native Arizona. He was killed in action in Cuba in 1898, but was instrumental in establishing what would eventually become the Grand Canyon Railroad. The cabin is the oldest extant structure on the South Rim. It was used as an office for tourist accommodations in the area during the 1890s, which eventually

neg: Saturn, Conjunct the Grand Canyon in a Sweet Embrace track but within each performance, though describing these things is challenging." Saturn, Conjunct the Grand Canyon in a Sweet Embrace Saturn, Conjunct the Grand Canyon in a Sweet Embrace is the second album of a live duo performance by American jazz trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith and reedist Anthony Braxton, which was recorded in 2003 at New York's Tonic club and released on Pi Recordings. This album, along with "Organic Resonance", is the first recording dedicated entirely to Wadada and Braxton's duo music. In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow states "A rhythm section is not needed for these two masterful

neg: Galbreath Wildlands Preserve name for a variety of conifer species growing in the coastal zone and is usually a mixture of several tree species, including redwood, Sitka spruce, grand fir, red alder, and Douglas-fir. Near the coast and in flood plains, redwood is the dominant tree species with Douglas-fir becoming dominant further inland and higher in the watershed where tanoak and madrone are its primary associates. Montane hardwood habitat typically consists of an evergreen hardwood tree layer, a patchy shrub layer, and sparse herbaceous cover. Canyon oak is the usual dominant on steep slopes, replaced by huckleberry oak at higher elevations and pines

neg: Speech recognition in the figure on a slide represent a feature of a sound in which a feature of a wave from the first layer of nodes to the second layer of nodes based on statistical analysis. This analysis depends on programmer's instructions. At this point, a second layer of nodes represents higher level features of a sound input which is again statistically evaluated to see what class they belong to. Last level of nodes should be output nodes that tell us with high probability what original sound really was. Speech recognition can become a means of attack, theft, or accidental operation.

neg: Grand Canyon 500 and 1425 . The Sinagua may have been ancestors of several Hopi clans. By the time of the arrival of Europeans in the 16thcentury, newer cultures had evolved. The Hualapai inhabit a stretch along the pine-clad southern side of the Grand Canyon. The Havasupai have been living in the area near Cataract Canyon since the beginning of the 13thcentury, occupying an area the size of Delaware. The Southern Paiutes live in what is now southern Utah and northern Arizona. The Navajo, or Diné, live in a wide area stretching from the San Francisco Peaks eastwards towards the Four Corners.

neg: Grand Canyon and the record low temperature was −20 °F (−29 °C) on January 1, 1919, February 1, 1985, and December 23, 1990. The Grand Canyon area has some of the cleanest air in the United States. However, at times the air quality can be considerably affected by events such as forest fires and dust storms in the Southwest. What effect there is on air quality and visibility in the canyon has been mainly from sulfates, soils, and organics. The sulfates largely result from urban emissions in southern California, borne on the prevailing westerly winds throughout much of the year, and emissions

neg: Grand Canyon the 1850s to locate suitable river crossing sites in the canyon. Building good relations with local Hualapai and white settlers, he found the Crossing of the Fathers, and the locations what would become Lees Ferry in 1858 and Pearce Ferry (later operated by, and named for, Harrison Pearce) – only the latter two sites suitable for ferry operation. He also acted as an advisor to John Wesley Powell before his second expedition to the Grand Canyon, serving as a diplomat between Powell and the local native tribes to ensure the safety of his party. In 1857, Edward Fitzgerald Beale was

neg: Zhemchug Canyon and other sponges have been identified during trawl surveys in the canyon. It is where the opilio (snow) crab and bairdi crab can be found. Zhemchug Canyon Zhemchug Canyon is an underwater canyon located in the middle of the Bering Sea. This submarine canyon is the deepest and is tied for widest canyon in the ocean. It has a vertical relief of dropping from the shallow shelf of the Bering Sea to the depths of the Aleutian Basin. Zhemchug Canyon is deeper than the Grand Canyon which is deep. It has two main branches, each larger than typical continental margin

neg: Valence (chemistry) called bonds, representing a saturated valency for each element. The two tables below show some examples of different compounds, their valence diagrams, and the valences for each element of the compound. Valence only describes connectivity; it does not describe the geometry of molecular compounds, or what are now known to be ionic compounds or giant covalent structures. A line between atoms does not represent a pair of electrons as it does in Lewis diagrams. Valence is defined by the IUPAC as: An alternative modern description is: This definition differs from the IUPAC definition as an element can be said to

neg: Message Abstraction Layer and what ‘doFoo’ does. By defining the pattern as a standard (‘SUBMIT’) the service specification that defines ‘doFoo’ only need define the meaning of the messages and what the operation does. The MAL defines this set of patterns. A benefit of implementing multiple services over a message abstraction layer is that it is easier to bind these to different underlying technologies and protocol encodings. All that is required is an ‘adapter’ layer between the MAL and the underlying protocol to enable all services over that technology. Hence the same service can be implemented over ground-based network technologies and middleware, or

neg: Transfer-matrix method (optics) boundary, it is convenient to represent the field as the vector formula_6, where Since there are two equations relating formula_4 and formula_9 to formula_10 and formula_11, these two representations are equivalent. In the new representation, propagation over a distance formula_12 into the positive formula_1 direction is described by the unimodular matrix and Such a matrix can represent propagation through a layer if formula_2 is the wave number in the medium and formula_12 the thickness of the layer: For a system with formula_18 layers, each layer formula_19 has a transfer matrix formula_20, where formula_19 increases towards higher formula_1 values. The system

neg: Frederick W. von Egloffstein the Cañon of the Grand River", which had been produced during the Gunnison expedition. He then traveled to the Gunnison River and located sites which duplicated the vistas shown in the Egloffstein engravings of the nineteenth century. It is now presumed that Congressional staffers working on the 1861 Grand Canyon report misfiled the Egloffstein works, assuming that his "Grand Caňon" engravings must refer to The Grand Canyon expedition. In 1861 Egloffstein, who had moved to New York City, helped organize what became the 103rd New York Volunteer Infantry, of which he was elected colonel. His American military career was quickly

neg: Beautiful Day implying a chord change does not occur. The lyrics for this section are set in space above Earth and describe the sights that one witnesses, including China, the Grand Canyon, tuna fleets, and Bedouin fires. After the third chorus and a return of the bridge section, the song suddenly ends in a "low-key" fashion; most of the instrumentation stops and a regeneration of a guitar signal drifts back and forth between channels before fading out. According to Bono, "Beautiful Day" is about "a man who has lost everything, but finds joy in what he still has." "Blender" interpreted the song

neg: Grand Canyon Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon (Hopi: "Ongtupqa"; , Navajo: "Tsékooh Hatsoh", Spanish: "Gran Cañón") is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area, and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy

neg: Grand Canyon Airlines Grand Canyon Airlines Grand Canyon Airlines is a 14 CFR Part 135 air carrier headquartered on the grounds of Boulder City Airport, Boulder City, Nevada. Grand Canyon Airlines also has bases at Grand Canyon National Park Airport, AZ, and Page Municipal Airport, AZ. It operates sightseeing tours and scheduled passenger service over and around the Grand Canyon. Its headquarters and main operation center is Grand Canyon National Park Airport and Boulder City Airport, Nevada. It is owned by Elling Halvorson and has 70 employees (at March 2007). Grand Canyon Airlines introduced commercial airline service to Boulder City Airport on June

neg: Computer in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers. In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent

neg: Myles Munroe Grand Bahama for a conference. In March 2014, Munroe was criticized publicly in a press statement by Bahamian Foreign Minister Fred Mitchell for comments he had made about the government's positions regarding the rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals in the Bahamas. Munroe had stated that Mitchell's support of LGBT persons in the Bahamas does not “represent the majority of the convictions of the Bahamian people”. Mitchell responded by claiming, "Once again Dr. Myles Munroe has returned to a theme he does not understand and obviously which he has no knowledge." Mitchell went on to reference what he

neg: Jack Sumner a trading post consisting of a two-room log cabin overlooking what was then called the Grand River and is now the Colorado River, and catering to trappers and Ute people. A year later, Powell met Sumner while traveling down the river, and enlisted him to participate in the exploration of the Grand Canyon. In 1869, when Sumner was 29 years old, the expedition to the Grand Canyon took place, with Sumner appointed by Powell as his deputy. Getting underway at 1p.m. on May 24, the expedition party consisted of a total of ten men, traveling along the river in four

neg: Santa Fe and Grand Canyon Railroad extend the line to the Grand Canyon. The line to the Grand Canyon was completed on September 16, 1901, and was renamed the Grand Canyon Railway. Santa Fe and Grand Canyon Railroad The Santa Fe and Grand Canyon Railroad (SF&GC) was a 56-mile railroad that ran from Williams, Arizona to take mining supplies and people to the copper mines near Anita. In 1901, the SF&GC was sold at foreclosure and became the Grand Canyon Railway, a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Today the line is a heritage railway owned by the Grand Canyon Railway (not related

neg: Grand Canyon National Park Airport on charter service have operated into the airport in the past. Companies that operate air tours include Air Grand Canyon and Maverick Grand Canyon Helicopters. In 2016 Paragon Skydive commenced tandem skydive operations at the Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon National Park Airport Grand Canyon National Park Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located in Tusayan, a CDP in unincorporated Coconino County, Arizona, United States. It is near Grand Canyon National Park, from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. The airport is primarily used for scenic tours and charter flights, but there is scheduled commercial service. As per Federal Aviation

neg: Split-twig figurine which were inserted inside the figurine most likely sometime during its construction (Coulam 2004). The plant material used in their construction does not determine the form or style of the figurine. It is the outermost wrappings of the figurine which determine the stylistic differences. Grand Canyon figurines have horizontal body wrappings, with vertical wrappings around the neck. Green River figurines have underlying horizontal body wraps which are overlain with vertical body wraps. The unsplit end of the twig forms the body core in Grand Canyon figurines, but becomes the back legs in the Green River style. A split at the

neg: Grand Canyon Association programs were added over the years to serve the association's mission of cultivating support, education, and understanding of Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon Association Field Institute (GCAFI) was founded in 1993 to support the Grand Canyon National Park's efforts to offer educational and interpretive services. The Field Institute offers over 360 guided hiking, art classes backpacking and river rafting tours and classes at Grand Canyon National Park annually. The Canyon Field School is a collaborative program between Grand Canyon National Park Service, Grand Canyon Association Field Institute, Arizona Public Service (APS), The McCain Institute, and the Udall Foundation to expand

neg: Marble Canyon Dam River's waters at Marble Canyon into a tunnel, in diameter and capable of carrying about , to a site in the western part of the canyon in what was then Kaibab National Forest. The plan would provide about of hydraulic head for power generation. The power plant would produce about 6.5 billion kilowatt hours (KWh) per year – almost twice that of Hoover Dam. The tunnel would allow the hydroelectric system to effectively bypass Grand Canyon National Park, avoiding the construction of more dams within the park between Marble and Bridge. A flow of would be released from Marble Canyon

neg: Germanane is observed. Germanane Germanane is a single-layer crystal composed of germanium with one hydrogen bonded in the z-direction for each atom. In material science, great interest is shown in related single layered materials, such as graphene, composed of carbon, and silicene, composed of silicon. Such materials represent a new generation of semiconductors with potential applications in computer chips and solar cells. Germanane’s structure is similar to graphane, and therefore graphene. Bulk germanium does not adopt this structure. Germanane has been produced in a two-step route starting with calcium germanide. From this material, the calcium is removed by de-intercalation with HCl

neg: Germanane Germanane Germanane is a single-layer crystal composed of germanium with one hydrogen bonded in the z-direction for each atom. In material science, great interest is shown in related single layered materials, such as graphene, composed of carbon, and silicene, composed of silicon. Such materials represent a new generation of semiconductors with potential applications in computer chips and solar cells. Germanane’s structure is similar to graphane, and therefore graphene. Bulk germanium does not adopt this structure. Germanane has been produced in a two-step route starting with calcium germanide. From this material, the calcium is removed by de-intercalation with HCl to give

neg: Delgada Submarine Canyon At a distance of offshore, it is . The canyon follows an underwater mountain that does not have gullies. Most canyons do not do this, indicating that it has been shifted by seismic activity. Delgada Submarine Canyon The Delgada Submarine Canyon is an underwater submarine canyon located off the King Range in Northern California. A million cubic meters of sediment fall into this canyon and another canyon each year. One end is near the coastline, close to Shelter Cove, part of the Lost Coast of California. The Delgada deep-sea fan is located at the mouth of the canyon. It was

neg: BC Express (sternwheeler) (head of navigation). From Soda Creek to Fort George there were two formidable obstacles, the Cottonwood Canyon and the Fort George Canyon. Between Fort George and Tête Jaune Cache, there were the Giscome Rapids, the Goat River Rapids and the fearsome Grand Canyon of the Fraser, which contained a powerful whirlpool. The Grand Trunk Pacific was being built from Winnipeg west and from Prince Rupert east. The two lines would meet on April 7, 1914 at Fort Fraser. Each end of construction was a portable town, which consisted of worker's accommodations, stores and even restaurants. These towns were referred to

neg: Adventuredome amusement park to Las Vegas. The building's dome design was created entirely out of pink tinted glass, with each pane weighing approximately . The dome itself consists of over of pink insulated glass placed over a teal green frame. Construction took a little over a year to complete, and the park was finally opened on August 23, 1993, as the "Grand Slam Canyon", a dinosaur-themed amusement park. Grand Slam Canyon originally featured four rides: the Canyon Blaster roller coaster, the Twist 'N' Shout water raft, the Rim Runner shoot the chutes, and the Hot Shotz Lazer Tag arena, now known

neg: Nicholas Gunn with record label Real Music, Gunn donated a portion of the proceeds from each sale of "The Music of the Grand Canyon" to the Grand Canyon Association. To date, in excess of $130,000 has been donated from sales. Gunn also named the American Lung Association as a beneficiary of a portion of sales from his album "Breathe". Believing in arts and music education for children, Gunn currently sits on the board of directors for the Children's Creative Project (CCP), in Santa Barbara, CA, overseeing music for the Italian Chalk Painting Festival, I Madonnari. Each year the festival raises approximately $60,000

neg: Rockslide uniform direction over a layer of solid, pre-existing rock. Rock may break down while falling during rockslides. The sudden, rapid release of material found in rock slides combined with the sheer size and weight of the material that is falling is what gives these events the potential to have devastating effects on human life and infrastructure. Rock slides are very common in the over steepened canyons and drainages of Idaho, particularly in those areas like the Salmon River Canyon where more than 5,000 feet of elevation may exist between the ridge tops and the canyon bottoms. Mass-wasting occurs whenever gravitational

neg: Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area relatively flat basin near sea level on the western margin of the supercontinent Pangaea. Sediments from surrounding mountains added weight to the basin, keeping it at relatively the same elevation. These sediments later lithified (turned to rock) to form the Toroweap Formation, now exposed in the Grand Canyon to the south but not in the Zion and Kolob area. This formation is not exposed in the park, though it does form its basement rock. In later Permian time, the Toroweap Basin was invaded by the warm, shallow edge of the vast Panthalassa ocean in what local geologists call the Kaibab

neg: Grand Canyon Supergroup Grand Canyon Supergroup The Grand Canyon Supergroup is a Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic sequence of sedimentary strata, mostly exposed in the eastern Grand Canyon of Arizona. This group is composed of the Unkar Group, Nankoweap Formation, Chuar Group and the Sixtymile Formation, which overlie Vishnu Basement Rocks. Several notable landmarks of the Grand Canyon, such as the "Isis Temple and Cheops Pyramid" and the "Apollo Temple," are surface manifestations of the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Grand Canyon Supergroup overlies the Vishnu Basement Rocks, but were never subjected to metamorphism. The units of the Supergroup were faulted and then tilted from 10

neg: Frederick W. von Egloffstein accurate relief map of the Grand Canyon which Egloffstein produced on the trip. It was not until 2001 that an explanation for the discrepancies began to be developed: Jeremy Miller, viewing Egloffstein's "Black Cañon" in a New York exhibition, recognized it not as a portion of the Grand Canyon, but as part of the Gunnison River in present-day Colorado. He found the topographical map of that area which Egloffstein had produced for the Gunnison expedition, and noted that what is now called the Gunnison River was marked "Grand River" thereon. He found another Egloffstein work, "View Showing the Formation of

neg: Rose E. Collom the cofounder of the Grand Canyon National History Association (the predecessor to the Grand Canyon Association). He offered her a grant to enable her to collect specimens in the Grand Canyon area. In accepting this grant and undertaking the work she became the first paid botanist of the Grand Canyon National Park. She conducted her botanical work at the Grand Canyon, visiting to collect specimens or work at the Grand Canyon Museum Herbarium, every year from that time until 1954, excepting 1948 when her husband was ill. The herbarium at the Grand Canyon National Park museum has over 800 of

neg: John Collins (sports executive) which is kind of like the crown jewel of sports... The need was there"."" Regarding his time at the NHL, Collins told Yahoo’s Greg Wyshynski, "It was a great product that was underleveraged. The plan I put together was the same way we changed the business model in the NFL. What does the brand represent? What are the opportunities? It’s been an amazing nine years. Hockey’s a great game and deserves the grand stage that’s been built. It’s been a great run, and there’s a lot still to do. But for me, I completed, with Gary … the whole business

neg: Grand Canyon Railway that continues to this day." The Grand Canyon Depot was added to the register on September 6, 1974, while the Williams Depot and the rest of the railroad between Williams and the Grand Canyon National Park was added as a Historic District on August 23, 2000. The Grand Canyon Depot was also designated as a National Historic Landmark on May 28, 1987 for its outstanding historical significance. Grand Canyon Railway The Grand Canyon Railway , is a heritage railroad which carries passengers between Williams, Arizona, and the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. The railroad, built by the Atchison,

neg: Bryce Canyon National Park one of the highest concentrations of hoodoos of any place on Earth. The formations exposed in the area of the park are part of the Grand Staircase. The oldest members of this supersequence of rock units are exposed in the Grand Canyon, the intermediate ones in Zion National Park, and its youngest parts are laid bare in Bryce Canyon area. A small amount of overlap occurs in and around each park. More than 400 native plant species live in the park. There are three life zones in the park based on elevation: The lowest areas of the park are dominated

neg: History of the Grand Canyon area the official photographer (nearly one ton of photographic equipment was needed on site to process each shot). Famed painter Thomas Moran joined the expedition in the summer of 1873, after the river voyage and thus only viewed the canyon from the rim. His 1873 painting "Chasm of the Colorado" was bought by the United States Congress in 1874 and hung in the lobby of the Senate. The Powell expeditions systematically cataloged rock formations, plants, animals, and archaeological sites. Photographs and illustrations from the Powell expeditions greatly popularized the canyonland region of the southwest United States, especially the Grand Canyon (appreciating

neg: Grand Canyon Village Historic District Grand Canyon Village Historic District Grand Canyon Village Historic District comprises the historic center of Grand Canyon Village, on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The district includes numerous landmark park structures, many of which are National Historic Landmarks themselves, or are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The town design as a whole is also significant for its attention to integration with the Grand Canyon landscape, its incorporation of National Park Service Rustic design elements, and for the idiosyncratic design of park concessioner structures such as the El Tovar Hotel.

neg: Grand Canyon Inn and Campground Grand Canyon Inn and Campground The Grand Canyon Inn and Campground, also known as the North Rim Inn, were built by the William W. Wylie and the Utah Parks Company as inexpensive tourist accommodations on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, in Grand Canyon National Park. Intended to complement the more expensive Grand Canyon Lodge, the cabins and Inn were located near Bright Angel Point, but father back than their more expensive counterparts, near the Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters. The design of the cabins and the redesign of the Inn building were undertaken by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood.

neg: Grand Canyon Power House original structure. The Grand Canyon Power Plant was declared a National Historic Landmark on May 28, 1987. It is also included in the Grand Canyon Village National Historic Landmark District. Grand Canyon Power House Grand Canyon Power House is a former electric power plant that served National Park Service and concessioner facilities at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park. It is significant for its architecture, which masks the building's industrial function behind a veneer of rustic design. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark on the basis of its design quality and the

neg: Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets the Grand Canyon and Grand Canyon National Park. There, the film is promotionally titled the Grand Canyon Movie. Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets is a 34-minute American short documentary IMAX feature film that was theatrically released on June 16, 1984. The film was created, directed, and written by American filmmaker Kieth Merrill and was produced by Destination Cinema. The music is composed by Bill Conti. The IMAX film was followed by "The Making of Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets", a 24-minute making-of documentary short released on January 11, 1999, but produced by Destination Cinema in

neg: Equinox (1992 film) scene high above the Grand Canyon. Twin child actors Jasen and Jereme Kane play the young version of Modine's characters, as well as appearing as the twin children in the restaurant at the end of the film. Parts of the film were shot in Crescent Junction and Moab, Utah as well as St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. "The New York Times" movie reviewer Stephen Holden had praise for the actors, saying Modine "does a fine job of differentiating between the two without resorting to caricature. He is especially good at showing how the repressed qualities of each twin peek through

neg: Curiosity: What's Inside the Cube? messages. Players tapped the cubelets to dig through the surface of each layer and reveal the next layer below. The goal was to reach the center and to discover what was inside the cube. Each layer, which had a distinct look or design, contained a clue as to what was in the centre of the cube. Each cubelet destroyed by a player awarded them coins. Coins could be spent on tools that temporarily enhanced the player's abilities, such as picks ranging from iron to steel to diamond that increased the number of cubelets destroyed with each tap, or firecrackers that

neg: Scouting in Arizona Canyon Council was founded. It merged into Yavapai-Mohave in 1929. The combined councils changed their names to the Northern Arizona Council. In 1934, the council was disbanded and service was taken over by Direct Service. The Three G Council (#009) was formed in 1943, changing its name to the Copper Council in 1962. In 1977, the Copper Council merged into the Theodore Roosevelt Council (#010). In 1993, the Theodore Roosevelt Council reformed into Grand Canyon Council (#010). In 2017, Grand Canyon Council underwent a realignment, reducing the number of districts to six each "traditional Scouting" or (Community Districts) and LDS