query: which part of the uk do traffic officers operate

pos: Highways England Traffic Officer Service it was decided that the original sentence was too lenient. Highways England Traffic Officer Service The Highways England Traffic Officer Service (TOS) is an operational unit within Highways England. In April 2004, Highways Agency Traffic Officers began working alongside police on motorways in the West Midlands. The national roll-out of traffic officers was completed on 18 July 2006 and they now cover all of the motorway network within England, i.e. that which is owned or managed by Highways England, and some of the all-purpose trunk road (APTR) network. On 1 April 2015 the Highways Agency became Highways England, a government-owned

neg: Somali Police Force EOD counts 86 SPF officers in total and has benefited from several recent projects, mainly initiated and delivered by UNMAS. In April 2014, the Government of Somalia in conjunction with the European Union Training Mission Somalia and the United Nations Mine Action Service trained the first ever Somali Police Explosive Ordnance Disposal teams. The SPF Traffic Police unit counts 140 officers and performs the for such unit usual tasks as well as the official escorts e.g. with motorcycles. Traffic officers do operate in conditions that are not to underestimate as they are visible beacons of the authority, against whom Al

neg: Campus police teams which fulfil a similar role to traditional campus police forces, such as University of Reading's Security Services. Some college campus public safety departments are actual police departments and able to perform all the duties of sworn police officers including make arrests, issue citations, etc. These departments operate either as individual police departments on campus in cooperation with local law enforcement, or as a part of the local police force (city or state). These officers go through exactly the same training (typically 6 months full-time or more) as local police officers do, but they typically only operate within the campus

neg: The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers is a guild of air traffic controllers which began organising in 1952 and was established in 1954. It has over 1800 members spread over 125 locations in the UK and overseas in both civilian and military sectors. GATCO represents the professional interests and opinions of those in the air traffic management profession. Membership is open to civil or military air traffic controllers, flight information services officers, aerospace battle managers (weapons) and anyone involved in air traffic management support including non operational positions. GATCO members are employed

neg: Traffic ticket licence will be suspended for 30 days. Surrendering a licence to the Ministry of Transportation is mandatory at this stage; failure to surrender the licence may result in a suspension/loss for up to two years. Traffic violations in India are listed out in the Motor Vehicle Act of 1988. The state government has the rights to decide on the officials who are to do traffic rule enforcement and how traffic citations are issued. Generally the Regional Transport Authority (RTA) and Traffic Police (which is part of the general law and order police force) are allowed to book traffic violations. Officers

neg: The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers at units from small general aviation and military airfields to major international airports and en route centres. Members also include UK licensed controllers working abroad. GATCO is a Member Association of IFATCA. GATCO also addresses medical, training. licensing and legal matters in the aviation sector. It also monitors medical aspects of licensing, stress, and working hours of ATCOs. From The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers is a guild of air traffic controllers which began organising in 1952 and was established in 1954. It has over 1800 members spread over 125 locations in

neg: Highways England Traffic Officer Service Operations Partnership Agreement and the National Guidance Framework agreed with the National Police Chiefs’ Council. While patrols were initially always crewed by two Traffic Officers, following a successful trial in 2013, all Traffic Officers are to be trained in the near future to operate singly crewed, increasing the potential reach of the service. Traffic Officers wear high-visibility jackets, distinctive by the orange and yellow markings. All staff who work on the network are required to wear protective equipment such as safety boots,gloves and safety goggles. Staff have the option to wear a white collared shirt and tie, an open necked

neg: Military police of the United Kingdom Royal Air Force Police. SIB investigators usually operate in plain clothes, although they may wear uniform when serving overseas. Members are usually senior non-commissioned officers (sergeants or petty officers or above) or commissioned officers, although the Royal Air Force SIB employs corporals who perform the same function as all SIB investigators. Service police are not constables under UK law and do not have any constabulary powers over the general public, however they have the full range of policing power that constables possess when dealing service personnel or civilians subject to service discipline. However, the service police can utilise the powers,

neg: Welsh Government traffic officer (such as stopping on the hard shoulder, driving/reversing on the hard shoulder), Traffic Officers derive powers from the Traffic Management Act 2004. Officers must follow the directions of a police constable, and to exercise their powers, must be on duty and in uniform. For the purposes of: a traffic officer may: Assaulting, resisting or willfully obstructing an officer are offences. It is also an offence to impersonate an officer, or for an officer to claim they enjoy more powers than they do. Traffic officers do not have any powers of detention; to search, issue fixed penalties or report for summons

neg: Parking enforcement officer traffic warden controller. Traffic officers of the Highways Agency (England and Wales) operate under the Traffic Management Act 2004 and have various powers to deal with vehicles on a "relevant road" (chiefly motorways and trunk roads) which on other roads would be dealt with as parking offences by police or local authorities; this includes the power to remove such vehicles. The power to deal with a parking offence on a highway generally remains available to a police constable. The term 'meter maid' was popularised in The Beatles' song "Lovely Rita", in which the male singer, smitten with a female traffic

neg: Parking enforcement officer in the UK can be the responsibility of one or more of the following persons: Civil enforcement officers (England, Wales, Scotland), including those previously known as parking attendants (whose duties might still be limited to parking contraventions or might now be extended to other road traffic contraventions where a local authority has chosen to do so), are employed by local authorities or a contractor providing their services to a local authority. Since the advent of decriminalised parking enforcement, they have largely replaced traffic wardens as the primary enforcers of parking regulations. They have the power to issue penalty charge notices

neg: Crossing guard In Australia, school crossing supervisors are employed by state government transport authorities and are posted at crossing sites by government officers. The exceptions to this rule are Victoria, where local councils employ crossing supervisors through their local laws department and Western Australia, where supervisors are known alternatively as police traffic wardens, and are employed by the traffic management unit of the WA Police. Supervisors in WA use handheld neon stop-flags instead of the traditional lollipop. Under UK law it is an offence for a motorist not to stop if signalled to do so by a patroller. In the past patrollers

neg: Traffic Cops to the scene. Traffic Cops Traffic Cops is a British documentary series broadcast on Channel 5 (and formerly on BBC One) which follows Road Policing Units from various UK police forces. It has consistently been one of the most watched factual series on UK television. The show follows the day-to-day role of a traffic officer and the incidents they come across. The majority of filming takes place at the scene of incidents, with occasional cuts to police stations and interview rooms. Locations include Yorkshire, Hampshire, Cheshire, Humberside, South Wales, and Bedfordshire. The last series followed Officers from the Roads Policing

neg: Traffic Cops Traffic Cops Traffic Cops is a British documentary series broadcast on Channel 5 (and formerly on BBC One) which follows Road Policing Units from various UK police forces. It has consistently been one of the most watched factual series on UK television. The show follows the day-to-day role of a traffic officer and the incidents they come across. The majority of filming takes place at the scene of incidents, with occasional cuts to police stations and interview rooms. Locations include Yorkshire, Hampshire, Cheshire, Humberside, South Wales, and Bedfordshire. The last series followed Officers from the Roads Policing Group and Road

neg: Traffic light control and coordination "green wave"). Such systems were commonly used in urban areas of the United States from the 1940s, but are less common today. In the UK, Slough in Berkshire had part of the A4 experimented on with this. Many US cities set the green wave on two-way streets to operate in the direction more heavily traveled, rather than trying to progress traffic in both directions. But the recent introduction of the flashing yellow arrow (see Traffic-light signalling and operation) makes the lead-lag signal, an aid to progression, available with protected/permissive turns. In modern coordinated signal systems, it is possible for drivers

neg: Highways England Traffic Officer Service wilfully obstructing a Traffic Officer in the execution of their duties is an offence. It's also an offence to impersonate a Traffic Officer, or for a Traffic Officer to claim to have more powers than they do. Highways England Traffic Officers do not have any powers of detention, or to search, issue fixed penalties or report for summons for any motoring offence. Breaching a rolling road block is an offence which is likely to be prosecuted. The number of prosecutions has increased as Traffic Officer Vehicles are now fitted with CCTV, allowing enhanced records to be made of incident management

neg: Traffic stop empty hands showing, place their hands on top of or behind their heads, walk backwards some distance, and then lie flat on the ground, where they will remain until all occupants have done likewise, at which point officers will move up, apply handcuffs, do a body search and then secure the suspects in the patrol cars. The vehicle is then typically searched for weapons and other evidence in accordance with the arresting department's standard operating procedures ("S.O.P.'s"). The Supreme Court has held that an officer who stops a vehicle as part of a routine traffic stop has the authority to

neg: Police car civilian issued license plates on unmarked cars, especially gang suppression and vice prevention units. Also see Q-car. There have been cases where criminals have pulled over motorists while pretending to be driving unmarked police cars, a form of police impersonation. Some US police officers advise motorists that they do not have to pull over in a secluded location and instead can wait until they reach somewhere safer. In the UK, officers must be wearing uniform in order to make traffic stops. Motorists can also ask for a police badge. Motorists often have the option to call a non-emergency number (like

neg: Operation Greylord as discussed below, over 92 public officials were indicted (almost all in federal court), and most eventually were convicted, either by guilty pleas or trials. The undercover phase included two local courts and two Illinois attorneys who agreed to operate undercover (and were allowed to do so by senior Illinois judges, including Harry Comerford of Glenview) as well as numerous FBI agents and cooperating local law enforcement officers. Cook County Judge Thaddeus Kowalski also cooperated with authorities even though he knew his cooperation might endanger his career. Recently elected downstate judge Brocton Lockwood operated undercover in the Chicago Traffic Court.

neg: Highways England Traffic Officer Service white shirt or a navy collared polo shirt. All officers carry a portable Airwave radio. Traffic Officers patrol the motorway network and all-purpose trunk roads in high-visibility patrol vehicles that feature black and yellow Battenburg livery, and amber and rear red facing lighting. The vehicles have all wheel drive capability and are used to assist in the management of incidents and where appropriate clear broken-down or disabled vehicles to a place of safety off the carriageway. The vehicles can operate in severe weather and carry equipment including emergency traffic management kit and other specialised equipment required to safely remove vehicles

neg: Stateful firewall or packet individually. Such packet filters operate at the OSI Network Layer (layer 3) and function more efficiently because they only look at the header part of a packet. They do not keep track of the packet context such as the nature of the traffic. Such a firewall has no way of knowing if any given packet is part of an existing connection, is trying to establish a new connection, or is just a rogue packet. Modern firewalls are connection-aware (or state-aware), offering network administrators finer-grained control of network traffic. The classic example of a network operation that may fail

neg: Busiest airports in the United Kingdom by total passenger traffic British Airways and Virgin Atlantic Airways, they are part of the Aviation Foundation which lobby for the aviation needs of the United Kingdom. The following is a list of the 40 largest UK airports by total passenger traffic in 2017, from UK CAA statistics. The following is a list of the 40 largest UK airports by total passenger traffic in 2016, from UK CAA statistics. The following is a list of the 40 largest UK airports by total passenger traffic in 2015, from UK CAA statistics. The following is a list of the 40 largest UK airports by total passenger

neg: History of the European Coal and Steel Community (1945–57) traffic, sparking the Suez Crisis. This was in response to the withdrawal of funding for the Aswan Dam by the UK and United States due to Egypt's ties to the Soviet Union. The canal was owned by the UK and French investors and had been a neutral zone under British control. The nationalisation and closure to Israeli traffic prompted a military response by the UK, France and Israel, a move opposed by the United States. It was a military success but a political disaster for the UK and France. The UK in particular saw it could not operate alone, instead

neg: NI Railways accolades, NIR won the UK Rail Business of the Year Award for 2008. NIR carried 13.4 million passengers in 2014–15 (up from 10.4 million in 2010–11), representing 417 million passenger-km and earning £43.6 million in ticket sales. NIR also owns two 201 Class diesel locomotives, which operate as part of a pool with Iarnród Éireann's fleet, and half of the 28 De Dietrich stock coaches used by the Enterprise Belfast-Dublin service. These units have their own unique livery, and do not operate under NIR branding or on any other services in Northern Ireland or the Republic. In 2005, NIR investigated

neg: Auxiliary police firearms, handcuffs and whatever else may be required particular to the assignment. Equipment is returned at the end of the shift. Most volunteers manage about one shift a week (2 to 4+ hours), while the minimum requirement is 12 hours a month. There are also Matmid (מתמי"ד) volunteers which operate far more intensively than "Classic"s in regular police work. Yatam (ית"מ) volunteers mainly operate in traffic control. Both Matmid and Yatam are more like volunteer police officers. They have almost all the authorities of a regular police officer. They receive advanced training and wear regular police uniforms. The Civil Guard

neg: East African Air East African Air East African Air is an airline based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and is a start-up airline planning to operate from Dar-es Salaam as hub to regional destinations and Europe and America. The company was founded by African Diaspora businessmen originally from the Eastern part of Africa which comprises Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda. Fly East African will obtain traffic rights to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. East African Air Limited is a registered UK Private Limited Company with plans of floating on the AIM stock market in 2010, and has received investment over £2m primarily from European

neg: Locomotive (UK English: shunting). Freight locomotives are normally designed to deliver high starting tractive effort and high sustained power. This allows them to start and move heavy trains, but usually comes at the cost of relatively low maximum speeds. Passenger locomotives usually develop lower starting tractive effort but are able to operate at the high speeds required to maintain passenger schedules. Mixed traffic locomotives (US English: general purpose or road switcher locomotives) do not develop as much starting tractive effort as a freight locomotive but are able to haul heavier trains than a passenger engine. Most steam locomotives have reciprocating engines,

neg: Self-driving car an automated driving package that has been installed on more than nine types of vehicles and has completed more than 55,000 hours of driving at speeds up to as of 2014. As of 2017 the Army was planning to field 100–200 trucks as part of a rapid-fielding program. In Europe, cities in Belgium, France, Italy and the UK are planning to operate transport systems for automated cars, and Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain have allowed public testing in traffic. In 2015, the UK launched public trials of the LUTZ Pathfinder automated pod in Milton Keynes. Beginning in summer 2015, the

neg: New York City Police Department Highway Patrol Auxiliary Police officers, and Highway Patrolman. These officers are unpaid, and receive no benefits for their work. The main jobs for these officers are to assist disabled vehicles and to aid in traffic control responsibilities at accident scenes. These officers do not carry a firearm, and they are "never" permitted to make traffic stops. Auxiliary Highway Patrol officers wear the same uniforms as full-time Highway Patrol officers and patrol in marked Highway Patrol vehicles with AUXILIARY decals affixed to them. All applicants to this Auxiliary unit are required to have a minimum of five years experience as a patrol officer

neg: William J. Donovan Empire, and categorically forbade the OSS to operate within the UK, or to deal with allied governments in exile which were based in London. Nonetheless, as of May 1944, Donovan had "some eleven thousand American officers and foreign agents scattered in every important capital." During the war he also received intelligence from a network of Catholic priests across Europe who engaged in espionage without the Pope's knowledge. On D-Day, Donovan was on one of the ships that took part in the Normandy landing. Going ashore, he and his commander of covert operations in Europe, Colonel David Bruce, were shot at

neg: Piccadilly line joining at Rayners Lane. The signalling infrastructure is scheduled to be upgraded but at present still runs on an 'obsolete,' system which originated in the 1950s. Piccadilly line services are generally as follows: Often late evening services terminate at instead of Cockfosters. Trains also make an additional stop at in the early morning and late evening but do not call there during the main part of the day due to capacity constraints with signalling. Other services operate at times, especially at the start and towards the end of the traffic day. Since 16 December 2016, there is a 24-hour Night

neg: Dorset Police Ferndown. Dorset Police officers wear the traditional custodian helmet in the comb style with a Brunswick star that reads 'Dorset Police' for foot patrol, a peaked cap for when on mobile patrol in vehicles, and a white peaked cap for traffic officers. Female officers wear a bowler hat, or a white bowler hat for traffic officers. When on duty officers wear black wicking T-shirts, and black combat trousers. Dorset Police no longer use the traditional police jumper, having favoured the black fleece with police written on the chest and back. Dorset Police do not have Brunswick stars on their epaulettes,

neg: Welsh Government traffic officer Welsh Government traffic officer Welsh Government traffic officers () are civilian staff employed by the trunk road agents on behalf of the Welsh Government as a means to ease traffic congestion on major trunk roads in Wales. Their role and powers are similar to their English counterparts working for Highways England, the Highways England Traffic Officers. They were established in order to assist police officers from Gwent Police and South Wales Police by removing part of their workload with regards to at breakdowns and collisions. In addition to a number of exemptions from the Road Traffic Act and Motorway Regulations

neg: Fresno Police Department the community. The Traffic Bureau has area traffic units that handle collisions and traffic complaints in each of the five policing districts. There are 16 "Metro" traffic officers who issue citations on Fresno's most collision-prone streets. These officers do not handle calls for service, as their main goal is to change poor driver behavior and prevent collisions before they occur. Throughout the evening hours there is a 34 officer "Neighborhood Traffic Unit" that targets impaired drivers and works special operations as needed. The Fresno Police Mounted Patrol was formed on July 12, 1999 and has gone through extensive training for

neg: Suffolk Constabulary sections collaborated. The new unit consists of 25 Police Constable dog handlers and overseen by two Police Sergeants and an Inspector. The unit uses Home Office licensed general purpose dogs that are either German Shepherds or Belgium Malinois. In addition a number of handlers operate specialist search dogs capable of detecting either cash, drugs, firearms or explosives. For this role the Constabulary uses a number of breeds including Spaniels and Labradors. Officers part of the Traffic Police are responsible for the policing the two main road networks in Suffolk, the A14 and the A12, in addition to the county's highways.

neg: Roundabout give way, they do not always perform a full stop; as a result, by keeping a part of their momentum, the engine will produce less work to regain the initial speed, resulting in lower emissions. Research has also shown that slow moving traffic in roundabouts makes less noise than traffic that must stop and start, speed up and brake. Modern roundabouts were first standardised in the UK in 1966 and were found to be a significant improvement over previous traffic circle and rotaries. Since then they have spread and modern roundabouts are commonplace throughout the world. Half of the world's

neg: Transport in Bangkok in the 1980s resulted in sharp increases in vehicle ownership and traffic demand, which have since continued—in 2006 there were 3,943,211 in-use vehicles in Bangkok, of which 37.6 percent were private cars and 32.9 percent were motorcycles. These increases, in the face of limited carrying capacity, were expressed as severe traffic congestion evident by the early 1990s. The extent of the problem is such that the Thai Traffic Police has a unit of officers trained in basic midwifery in order to assist deliveries which do not reach hospital in time. While Bangkok's limited road surface area (eight percent, compared to

neg: Bangkok in-use vehicles in Bangkok, of which 37.6 percent were private cars and 32.9 percent were motorcycles. These increases, in the face of limited carrying capacity, caused severe traffic congestion evident by the early 1990s. The extent of the problem is such that the Thai Traffic Police has a unit of officers trained in basic midwifery in order to assist deliveries which do not reach hospital in time. While Bangkok's limited road surface area (8 percent, compared to 20–30 percent in most Western cities) is often cited as a major cause of its traffic jams, other factors, including high vehicle ownership

neg: Thames Materials Thames Materials Thames Materials Ltd is a waste management company based in West London, UK which specialises in the removal, transfer and recycling of waste materials. The company was formed in 1995. Thames Materials ltd was founded in 1995, it started as a small muck-away business with only two vehicles and based in Brentford and remained that way until 2003 before the company underwent a change of ownership and began to increase in size and profitability. In 2002 the UK Traffic Commissioner attempted to revoke its licence to operate lorries in 2002, which was overturned on appeal. The decision was

neg: Traffic light Italy, private companies have been contracted to operate traffic-related cameras and receive a portion of the resulting revenues. In some cases red light cameras have been abused by local governments, where vehicle operators have been fined as a result of traffic systems that have been improperly modified. Despite the fact that cameras can reduce the number of crashes, it has been proven that at these intersections drivers tended to react quicker to a yellow light change when stopping. The consequence of this change could be the slight decline in the intersection capacity. Another way police officers have begun to combat

neg: Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2 Several British generals later said that they raised concern about the disbandment and were personally against it, though Bremer responded that no UK officials voiced concerns in their meetings and that they regarded the effective demobilization of the Iraqi military as a "fait accompli". These claims were disputed by senior British officers. A 2004 report in "The Guardian" cited senior UK military and intelligence sources saying that British Admiral Michael Boyce told his commanders to negotiate with senior Iraqi Army and Republican Guard officers to switch sides and operate under UK guidance to uphold law and order, but that CPA

neg: History of UK immigration control final Kindertransport left the Netherlands in May 1940. A full account can be found in Wikipedia under the title "Kindertransport". An ever-increasing number of passengers travelled in happier circumstances on the great liners of the day. The RMS Queen Mary for instance presented problems in quickly clearing large numbers of passengers and to do so within Victorian Customs Sheds was increasingly impractical. Shipping companies invited a, no doubt very agreeable, solution whereby Immigration Officers travelled 1st class on the liner itself or pre-cleared passengers in Cherbourg. In 1936 air traffic had grown to such an extent that a Chief Immigration

neg: Devon and Cornwall Police in the ball style with a Brunswick star that reads 'Devon and Cornwall Police' for foot patrol, a peaked cap for when on mobile patrol in vehicles, and a white peaked cap for traffic officers. Female officers wear a bowler hat, or a white bowler hat for traffic officers. Devon and Cornwall are only 1 in 4 forces to use the ball style for custodian helmets. When on operational duty, officers wear black wicken layer tops with black uniform trousers and black fleece with police written on the chest and back. Devon and Cornwall Police do not have Brunswick stars

neg: King's College London Students' Union (on the order of months between meetings, rather than weeks). This would help the Trustees focus on strategic decisions, rather than get bogged down in operational detail, which ought to be left to the permanent staff. However, the creation of more "standing committees" or groups that are able to operate and campaign with less regulation and central bureaucratic interaction was approved and the Chairs of these committees would take over the main role of what the part-time officers currently do. Due to the current lengthy legislative process (on behalf of both the Union and the College) that is needed to

neg: Alabama State Bar 1,000 members. Each section draws its membership from lawyers or judges with common professional interests. They operate much like "mini bar associations" with their own officers, dues schedule and committees. They address professional development, improvement of laws and continuing education in a variety of substantive law fields. The sections can and do have sub-committees which tackle specialized single legal issues that may be part of the overall Section jurisdiction. Standing Committees and Task Forces have smaller memberships, and generally focus on specific assignments or narrower issues. The Alabama State Bar is headquartered at 415 Dexter Avenue in Montgomery. In 1964,

neg: Police community support officer give their Traffic PCSOs (who are part of GMP's Road Policing Unit (RPU)) white covered caps in the same style as Traffic Police Officers. The hat retains though the standard blue band and force crest as other PCSOs in GMP. Generally, most forces do not have a formal uniform for their PCSOs, but a few provide tunics. Tunics are the same as a Police Constable but may have special badging to distinguish the wearer as a PCSO. As with police constables, PCSOs very rarely wear tunics (provided they have been given them). One of the few examples was during the

neg: Alaska State Troopers division is a fully integrated part of AST and while these troopers perform duties most common with that of game wardens and wildlife conservation or marine patrol officers in the lower-48 states, they do however, make arrests for any crimes and routinely act in general law enforcement capacities. AWT Troopers enforce traffic laws and respond to calls for police services as needed. They enforce traffic laws regarding drunken driving, RADAR-speeding enforcement and reckless driving on remote or US Forest Service highways and roads. AWT Troopers are nicknamed "brown shirts" by Alaskans because though their uniforms are almost identical to regular

neg: NATS Holdings NATS is a full member of CANSO. It is a shareholder in European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP), a company set up to operate EGNOS. NATS is well known for the air traffic services it provides in the UK but also works internationally providing air traffic and consultancy services in over 30 countries, working with many different organisations in Europe and beyond, including Singapore, the United States and Qatar. From the 15th to 20 April 2010, under internationally agreed guidelines that require a zero tolerance approach to ash, NATS placed a series of restrictions on aircraft operating in UK controlled airspace

neg: Special police to operate emergency vehicles equipped with red flashing/strobing lights (municipal law enforcement operates either blue or combinations of blue and red). This class of officer should not be confused with Armed Security Officers in Virginia who possess arrest authority on property they are employed to protect. Armed Security officers do not have fresh pursuit authority (off of their grounds/property) whereas SCOP officers do. The San Francisco Patrol Special Police is a neighborhood police force authorized in the City Charter, with officers appointed and regulated by the Police Commission after an initial security review by the San Francisco Police Department. Hourly

neg: Serco Abellio, the international arm of Dutch national rail operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen, to operate passenger trains in the UK. Serco-Abellio has a 25-year concession for Merseyrail in Liverpool until 2028 and operated the Northern Rail franchise from December 2004 until March 2016. Serco's Home Affairs division, run by Tom Riall, also operates speed camera systems throughout the UK and, until November 2013, designed, wrote and tested the software that controls the matrix message signs, signals, emergency roadside telephones (SOS) and traffic monitoring on England's motorway network including, until 2011, the National Traffic Control Centre. It previously operated the Docklands Light Railway.

neg: Fire police police in Pennsylvania to have limited police powers, and although they have no authority to make arrests, they do have the right to detain someone within reason. Fire police may control the flow of traffic to ensure emergency vehicles have a quick, safe entrance and egress to an incident. They may halt traffic or detour traffic because of the situation and the dangers involved. They take orders from the police authority in charge. All fire police officers are sworn officers of the law and when on duty shall display a badge of authority and shall be subject to control of

neg: Law enforcement in India traditional 6 to 8 ft long ones) or baton which is generally made of bamboo, but recently polymer ones are also being issued.The riot police has numerous other equipment which include tear gas, tasers etc. In general, Indian police constables do not carry firearms when on regular duty, though they are always available at police stations. Officers of and above the rank of Sub-Inspector or Head Constables are authorized to carry a sidearm, generally a Pistol Auto 9mm 1A or a Glock 17. Officers always carry sidearms. Traffic police officers regularly don't carry any weapons but carry fine books and

neg: Private police Tinsley writes: The largest private police forces in the United States are the railroad police employed by the major Class I railroads. In South Carolina, all Security Officers have the authority and power to make an arrest just as Sheriff's Deputies do (although this is unique for the USA). In (Spring Valley HOA) Columbia, South Carolina, Private Officers respond to calls for service, run traffic radar, make arrests and use blue lights. Security Officers in South Carolina are Law Enforcement under state law, case law and the Attorney General’s opinions, and are authorized by the state to issue Uniform Traffic

neg: Vehicular cycling intersections. The basic principle is "slower traffic keeps to the outside; faster traffic to the inside". When lanes are marked, vehicular cyclists generally operate in the outermost travel lane. When lanes are not marked, vehicular cyclists generally operate as far to the outside of the traveled way as is reasonably efficient and safe. As vehicular cyclists approach a junction of ways, the principle of "destination positioning" comes into play, and they should position themselves laterally according to their destination (left, straight or right): Vehicular cyclists do not avoid riding in bicycle lanes, rather they decide whether to ride in the

neg: Electoral Commission (United Kingdom) and the commission will make this information publicly available. As part of this work, the commission runs a series of public awareness campaigns ahead of elections and throughout the year to encourage people to register to vote. These focus on audiences that research indicates are less likely to be on the electoral register, including recent home-movers, students and UK citizens living overseas. The commission produces guidance and gives advice on electoral administration to returning officers and electoral administrators in Great Britain. The Commission has set performance standards for returning officers and referendum counting officers in Great Britain. These standards do

neg: Manchester terminal improvements. The airport has the highest rating available: ""Category 10"", encompassing an elite group of airports which are able to handle ""Code F"" aircraft including the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8. From September 2010 the airport became one of only 17 airports in the world and the only UK airport other than Heathrow Airport to operate the Airbus A380. A smaller airfield, City Airport Manchester, also exists to the west of Manchester city centre. It was Manchester's first municipal airport, and became the site of the first Air traffic control tower in the UK, and the first municipal airfield

neg: National Highways & Motorway Police people know him because he will feel shy and careful about his reputation but if he is in city where no one knows him me anyone can become corrupt if given the powers to do corruption. Training Institute is working at its full swing and since January 2006, has trained over 129 trainers in different categories. Training Institute has the honor to train over 400 officers of Islamabad Model Traffic Police and recently trained 40 Senior Officers of Punjab Traffic Police as Trainers to train over 6000 newly recruited Traffic Wardens of Punjab Police. Besides this training Institute has successfully

neg: RRH Buchan air traffic in and around UK airspace. RAF Buchan was parent station to remote radar heads at Saxa Vord and Benbecula. In May 2000 the Ministry of Defence announced the downgrading of RAF Buchan from a manned station to a remote radar head. The measure resulted in the loss of 55 civilian jobs and the transfer of over 200 RAF personnel. Around 92 military and civilian personnel were expected to remain to operate the remote radar head. The radar unit ceased to be a RAF station on 1 September 2004 and the operational part of the station became Remote Radar

neg: History of self-driving cars 2013, Vislab demonstrated BRAiVE, a vehicle that moved autonomously on a mixed traffic route open to public traffic. As of 2013, four U.S. states have passed laws permitting autonomous cars: Nevada, Florida, California, and Michigan. In Europe, cities in Belgium, France, Italy and the UK are planning to operate transport systems for driverless cars, and Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain have allowed testing robotic cars in traffic. In 1925, Houdina Radio Control demonstrated the radio-controlled "American Wonder" on New York City streets, traveling up Broadway and down Fifth Avenue through the thick of the traffic jam. The American Wonder was

neg: Auxiliary police standard issue weapon, bullet resistant vests, police radios (directly linked to the Central dispatcher, other Auxiliary officers, and Regular officers), flashlights, whistles, handcuffs, and reflective traffic vests. Their badge is a seven-point star, in contrast to the shield as "Part Time Peace Officers without Firearms Training" and are registered as peace officers in the NYS DCJS registry of peace officers. The Nassau County Auxiliary Police are a unit of the Nassau County Police Department. These highly trained volunteer police officers are assigned to 1 of 38 local community units and perform routine patrols of the neighborhood and provide traffic control

neg: New York City Police Department Auxiliary Police City Police Department Highway Patrol" Harbor Unit: Officers patrol New York City's waterways. A marine background such as one obtained through the U.S. Coast Guard, military, or other marine background is required. Citywide Traffic Task Force (CTTF): Officers patrol in areas all over the city that need special attention and extra patrol. However, more typical of this unit is performing duty during special events such as concerts, marathons, parades, etc. to increase the police presence. They are involved in both vehicular and pedestrian traffic control. They do not confine themselves to one location or precinct. Undercover Vice Ops: Officers that

neg: Traffic Homicide Investigator they may not be the first responder to a traffic-related fatality, they will be called upon to take over the investigation at an early stage and see it through to its conclusion. Traffic Homicide Investigators are "part physicist, part policeman and part victim's advocate". They carefully document the scene of a crash, ideally in a manner thorough enough to allow specially trained officers to reconstruct the scene at a later time, after the roadway has been reopened. This includes documenting the precise details of the roadway on which the fatality occurred; the state of any vehicles involved, including the use

neg: High-occupancy toll lane eliminating traffic congestion, bringing into question, their fundamental usefulness aside from raising funds for private institutions and local governments. High-occupancy toll lane A high-occupancy toll lane (or HOT lane) is a type of traffic lane or roadway that is available to high-occupancy vehicles and other exempt vehicles without charge; other vehicles are required to pay a variable fee that is adjusted in response to demand. Unlike toll roads, drivers have an option to use general purpose lanes, on which a fee is not charged. Express toll lanes, which are less common, operate along similar lines, but do not exempt high-occupancy

neg: Traffic Blues Traffic Blues Traffic Blues was a documentary series broadcast on RTÉ One. It followed various traffic officers from the Garda Síochána. The first series followed the Garda Traffic Corps in a six-part series. The series was filmed over six months, putting the Dublin Metropolitan division based in Dublin Castle, the Louth division taking in stations in Drogheda and Dundalk and the Donegal division focusing on Burnfoot and Letterkenny areas in the centre of attention. It was similar in format to the British programmes "Traffic Cops" or "Road Wars". Six episodes were made for the series, which aired on Sundays at

neg: Europorte Channel to operate in France in February 2006. In June 2007 the Eurotunnel entered into a collaboration with the Port of Dunkirk relating to rail freight traffic through Europorte 2 subsidiary; the company was to operate trains from Dunkerque to the Delta 3 logistics terminal at Dourges, and collaborate on container shipments to the UK using the port of Dunkerque via channel tunnel. In 2010 Eurotunnel obtained a contract with the port to operate the enterprises own railway system - this contract was carried out by a new organisation Europorte Services. In 2009 Eurotunnel acquired Veolia Cargo's French rail freight operations

neg: Primary radar a means of providing continuous surveillance of air traffic disposition. Precise knowledge of the positions of aircraft would permit a reduction in the normal procedural separation standards, which in turn promised considerable increases in the efficiency of the airways system. This type of radar (now called a "primary radar") can detect and report the position of anything that reflects its transmitted radio signals including, depending on its design, aircraft, birds, weather and land features. For air traffic control purposes this is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Its targets do not have to co-operate, they only have to be within

neg: MetroMini overloading. In addition, the drivers are often reckless and do not pay attention to traffic signs and other traffic. Like the Kopaja buses, the MetroMini bus diesel vehicles are often badly maintained and contribute significant amounts of pollution in Jakarta. Indeed, many of the buses are known to operate without such basic equipment as handbrakes and speedometers. Some observers take the view that the structure of the Minibus system, which is largely run by individuals operating in a semi-legal manner, needs to be better regulated. In principle, bus operators are required to abide by Indonesian laws and regulations about public

neg: Airport Operators Association Airport Operators Association The Airport Operators Association (AOA) is the trade association representing the interests of UK airports, and the principal such body engaging with the UK Government and regulatory authorities on airport matters. Its mission is to see UK airports grow sustainably. The AOA represents some 50+ UK airports and general aviation airfields in the UK. It was formed in 1934 as the Aerodrome Owners' Association. On 17 April 1990 it became the Airport Operators Association. It represents 50+ airports and around 160 companies and organisations which do not own airports, but operate in the aviation industry. The AOA

neg: RAF Buchan a RAF station on 1 September 2004 and the operational part of the station was downgraded and renamed Remote Radar Head Buchan. Manned operations formally ceased at RAF Buchan on 26 November 2004 and the domestic site was officially down-sized on 31 March 2005. Buchan continues to operate as a Remote Radar Head, inputting radar data to the UK Air Surveillance and Control System (UKASACS). The separate domestic accommodation site, located in nearby Boddam, was sold by the Ministry of Defence to a private developer. In 2009 the Officers' Mess was converted into the four star Buchan Braes Hotel. A

neg: Border Force the Immigration Act 1971 and paragraph 17 of Schedule 2 of the same Act, as do arrest-trained Border Force immigration officers at the frontier. Historically, port and inland immigration officers received different training to reflect these different approaches to immigration enforcement, which is now reinforced by inland officers working for Immigration Enforcement, a separate Home Office Command. "Designated Immigration Officers" are Border Force immigration officers who have been designated with additional detention powers, under Sections 1 to 4 of the UK Borders Act 2007, where a person at a port or airport is suspected of being liable to arrest by

neg: Deerfoot Trail police officers that it’s dangerous to do traffic stops" on Deerfoot Trail. A 1993 incident in which a stolen vehicle struck and killed a police officer on Deerfoot was the catalyst for the Calgary Police Service's acquisition of a helicopter. 2013 statistics confirmed that Deerfoot Trail had more crashes and traffic jams than any other road in Calgary. Deerfoot has many entrances and exits in close proximity which exacerbates problems, but some have attributed a portion of the congestion to driver error. Constable Jim Lebedeff of the Calgary Police Service stated, "a lot of people don’t understand, or don’t want

neg: Telesoft Technologies Telesoft Technologies Telesoft Technologies is a privately held UK based technology company which develops Cyber Security, Telecoms Mobile products and services and Government Infrastructure. Telesoft has operations in USA, UK and India. Its Cyber Security products include high rate network flow monitoring appliances that operate on multi 100Gbps networks, collection and analysis software and high rate event driven traffic recorders for anomaly, DDoS, Crypto-jacking and breech detection, and low latency historical analysis and profiling for incident response. Telesoft’s Mobile products include large scale communications technology for real-time communications media, applications, and infrastructure to service providers, enterprises, and developers. Business intelligence

neg: Police Scotland to the body armour or worn on a utility belt. Officers in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Lothians and Borders divisions as well as Traffic officers d (G, E, J and T divisions respectively), officers are issued hand held computers which are known as a Personal Data Assistant (PDA) instead of a pocket notebook. All Police Scotland officers when on duty are issued with Motorola MTH800 radios for use with the Airwave network which is being replaced as part of the government's new network. Police Scotland has a fleet of approximately 3,750 vehicles. Almost all of Police Scotland's high-visibility marked vehicles are marked

neg: Marconi Myriad Physics Laboratory UK, and a road traffic control system in Glasgow. In Cambridge a Myriad computer was used to operate the Ryle Telescope tracking eight dishes across the sky, whilst processing the received interference fringe data in real time. Marconi delivered air defence systems coupled to radar to African and Far East counties using the Myriad. When Marconi attempted to open up the North American market considerable interest was given by the City of Montreal for a traffic control system as well as the Lawrence Seaway authority to control the seaway. A proposal to the Canadian Government for air traffic

neg: Electric bicycle laws less than the speed limit of the road, the cycle must operate in the right hand lane available for traffic or upon a usable shoulder on the right side of the road unless the operator is making a left turn. Electric-assist and other "motorized bicycles" do not need to be inspected, do not require a license, and do not require registration. The vehicle must meet all of the following criteria: a post mounted seat for each person it is designed to carry, two or three wheels which contact the ground, fully operative pedals, wheels at least 16 inches in diameter

neg: Organization of the New York City Police Department throughout the five boroughs. Officers often do interior patrols, making sure illegal activity does not take place in the halls, stairways, or the roof. The Transportation Bureau's responsibilities include traffic enforcement, traffic management, and highway safety. Special units within the New York City Police Department Transportation Bureau include the Highway Patrol, Traffic Management Center, Traffic Operations District, Citywide Traffic Task Force and the Traffic Enforcement District. The New York City Police Department Highway Patrol is a specialized unit under the auspices of the NYPD's Transportation Bureau primarily responsible for patrolling and maintaining traffic safety on limited-access highways within New York

neg: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 sections covers: Part 9 includes sections 112 to 121 of the Act. The legislation contained in these sections covers: Part 10 includes sections 122 to 147 of the Act. The legislation contained in these sections covers: The Act contains 14 schedules. Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 The Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, which provided powers to regulate or restrict traffic on UK roads, in the interest of safety. It superseded some earlier legislation, including the majority of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967. The Act is split into 10 parts covering

neg: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 The Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, which provided powers to regulate or restrict traffic on UK roads, in the interest of safety. It superseded some earlier legislation, including the majority of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967. The Act is split into 10 parts covering 147 sections, it also includes 14 schedules. Part 1 includes sections 1 to 13 of the Act. The legislation contained in these sections covers: Part 2 includes sections 14 to 22 of the Act. The legislation contained in these sections covers:

neg: Road safety in Europe roads, which score badly when compared with the high-quality motorway network; single carriageways claim 80% of rural deaths and serious injuries, while 40% of rural car occupant casualties are in cars that hit roadside objects, such as trees. Improvements in driver training and safety features for rural roads are hoped to reduce this statistic. The number of designated traffic officers in the UK fell from 15-20% of police force strength in 1966 to seven per cent of force strength in 1998, and between 1999 and 2004 by 21%. It is an item of debate whether the reduction in traffic accidents

neg: Traffic either routinely (on a busy crossing instead of traffic lights) or as road traffic control around a construction zone, accident, or other road disruption. These rules should be distinguished from the mechanical procedures required to operate one's vehicle. See driving. Traffic going in opposite directions should be separated in such a way that they do not block each other's way. The most basic rule is whether to use the left or right side of the road. In many countries, the rules of the road are codified, setting out the legal requirements and punishments for breaking them. In the United Kingdom,

neg: Payroll giving 8,500 employers in the UK currently operate the scheme, and circa 2% of UK employees participate. Participating employers deduct agreed sums of money from their employees pay before calculating tax, and forward the money to a payroll giving agency; the agency then distributes the money to registered UK charities in accordance with the employees wishes (minus an administration fee, which may vary considerably between agencies). Approximately 40% of employers cover this administration fee on behalf of their employees. Payroll giving is operated by several agencies which do the administration and processing to link the donations to the correct charities. Employers

neg: Shooting of Philando Castile an armed robbery that had taken place nearby four days earlier, and in part because of a broken taillight. A Castile family attorney, Albert Goins, questioned this account, said that if Yanez actually thought Castile was a robbery suspect, the police would have made a "felony traffic stop" (involving "bringing the suspect out at gunpoint while officers are in a position of cover and having them lie on the ground until they can identify who that individual is") rather than an ordinary traffic stop (in which officers stop the car and ask the driver to produce documents). Goins said, "Either

neg: Welsh Highland Railway restoration the railway was in debt from the moment it opened. The railway was opened throughout in 1923; however this turned out to be the railway's best year; it declined, and went into receivership in 1927. With various local government officers appointed as receiver, the WHR continued to operate, primarily as a tourist attraction, until the end of 1933, when the local authority debenture holders declared their intention to close it. This prompted the Festiniog Railway to take out a 42-year lease on the WHR from 1 July 1934, but the poor traffic declined further, and the FR ceased to operate

neg: Singapore 2006 planning and implementing security arrangements and the enforcement of law and order, with the support of Aetos and CISCO auxiliary police forces. These arrangements include the main venue's operations, border security, as well as island-wide operations. Over 10,000 police officers are being deployed in the Marina Centre area and other meeting and event venues, including Police national servicemen called back as part of their reservist obligations and officers from the Volunteer Special Constabulary. The traffic police deployed officers at all key junctions to direct traffic due to road closures, officers from the Gurkha Contingent and the Key Installation Protection Unit

neg: Prison officer are awaiting trial while on remand or who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve time in a prison or jail. They are also responsible for the safety and security of the facility itself. Most officers are employed by the government of the jurisdiction in which they operate, though some are employed by private companies. Prison officers must maintain order and daily operations of the facility and are responsible for the care, custody, and control of inmates. A correction officer has a responsibility to control inmates who may be dangerous, and that society themselves do not wish

neg: Direct traffic control in DTC territory all sidings operate as non-controlled, restricted speed track and there is no safety consideration in a train occupying it without central authority to do so, however for traffic flow purposes the dispatcher need to track which sidings are occupied. If a train could not use the main track in Bess (due to maintenance work, a stuck switch, a disabled train, a fallen tree or boulder blocking the track, etc.), it would also be possible for the train to have authority from Anna through Bess Siding through Cloy. This is not done when the main track is available,

neg: Landskrona and lorry ferry traffic from Landskrona. However hydrofoilic speedboats "Flygbåtarna AB", which previously only had served passenger traffic in the southern part of Øresund, between Malmö and Copenhagen, now began to operate also from both Landskrona as well as from Helsingborg. Not until March 2002, almost two years after the inauguration of the Øresund Bridge did "Flygbåtarna AB" threw in the towel. Aircraft approaching the nearby Copenhagen Airport to land on Runway 22L pass over the northern part of the town, where they make a sharp right turn towards the south to intercept the localiser around Barsebäck. Most landings at

neg: New York City Police Department Auxiliary Police Dispatcher, other Auxiliary officers, and regular officers; flashlights; whistles; handcuffs; memo books; and reflective traffic vests. Their badge is a seven-point star, in contrast to the shield worn by regular officers. Auxiliary Police officers in New York City are not permitted to carry a side arm at any time on duty, even if independently licensed to carry a firearm. In other jurisdictions within New York State, some police departments do allow their Auxiliary Police officers to carry a firearm. Auxiliary Police officers patrol presence, observations and reporting of incidents requiring regular police response. The Auxiliary Police officers may be involved

neg: Network Rail Rail'. National Rail is not an organisation, but merely a brand, used to explain and promote a Great Britain-wide network of passenger railway services. The majority of Network Rail lines also carry freight traffic; some lines are freight only. A few lines that carry passenger traffic are not part of the National Rail network (for example High Speed 1, Heathrow Express, Tyne and Wear Metro (the Tyne and Wear Metro uses Network Rail track between Pelaw and Sunderland and is responsible for that) and the London Underground). Conversely, a few National Rail services operate over track which is not part

neg: Maritime Security Regimes that occurred when suspects fled into the territorial sea and beyond the jurisdiction of the United States Coast Guard (USCG). These comprehensive agreements sought, among other things, to allow law enforcement officers of one state to be 'sea-rider' LEDETS aboard vessels of the territorial states to reduce lengthy permission-seeking processes. The CRA refers to existing international convention found within the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988). Article 17 of the UN Drugs Convention states: "1. The Parties [states] shall co-operate to the fullest extent possible to suppress illicit traffic by sea, in conformity

neg: Nagpur Police and cybercrime, one for special cases and one for traffic. The Criminal Investigation Department has one administrator. Lower level officers include constables, Head constables, Police Sub-Inspector (PSI), Assistant Police Inspectors, Police Inspectors(PI), Senior Police Inspectors (SPI), (DCP), Deputy Superintendent of Police)/Asst. Commissioners (ACP), Superintendent of Police (SP)/Dpt. Commissioner(DSP). Nagpur Police The Nagpur Police is the law enforcement and investigation division of the Indian Police Service with jurisdiction over Nagpur district and the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra. Nagpur police operate from 28 stations in five zones across the city. It is also responsible for policing traffic. The dvision was established

neg: Hong Kong Police Force among other types. Also, the Force operate unmarked police vehicles for surveillance to gather evidence of any criminal offence. In addition, for security purposes, armoured cars specially designed for the VIP Protection Unit (VIPPU) and bulletproof tactical police vehicles specially designed for the Special Duties Unit have no markings also. The Hong Kong Police Force has ordered 10 new electric scooters for their officers to help reduce pollution in central Hong Kong. Emergency Unit, Police Tactical Unit, and Traffic Police have identification markings on the back of the car (no motorcycles of Traffic Police), for example, PTUD 1/3. This means

neg: Licensed mariner the United States Merchant Marine in five categories: deck officers, engineers, staff officers, radio officers, and pilots. The United States Coast Guard has replaced paper licenses with the Merchant Mariners Credential which is a combination of the former Merchant Marine Officers license and Merchant Mariners Document in a small book that looks similar to a passport. In the UK the Maritime and Coastguard Agency issue licenses, known as Certificates of Competency, in a similar fashion under the amended STCW convention. Mariners that do not have a license are referred to as unlicensed mariners or ratings. Several States within the United

neg: Email filtering filter will "catch all" of the emails addressed to the domain that do not exist in the mail server - this can help avoid losing emails due to misspelling. Users, may be able to install separate programs (see links below), or configure filtering as part of their email program ("email client"). In email programs, users can make personal, "manual" filters that then automatically filter mail according to the chosen criteria. Mail filters can operate on inbound and outbound email traffic. Inbound email filtering involves scanning messages from the Internet addressed to users protected by the filtering system or for lawful

neg: Llangollen Canal part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway soon afterwards. After the takeover by the London Midland and Scottish Railway, regular maintenance was often not carried out, and gradually the canals silted up, so that boats could not operate with full loads. Traffic declined, and was significantly affected by a breach that occurred at the Perry Aqueduct, about to the south of Frankton locks, which effectively closed the Montgomeryshire Canal to all traffic. Traffic beyond Frankton to Llangollen had ceased in 1937, and the Frankton to Hurleston section was not used after 1939. The London Midland and Scottish Railway obtained

neg: Immigration officer who also act in accordance with Immigration Rules. The Immigration Rules are statutory instruments laid down by Parliament under Section 3(2) of the 1971 Act which governs the regulation of entry into the United Kingdom. The Rules are amended by Primary Legislation when required, and provide a framework to ensure that those that come to, or remain in, the UK do so legally, and those that do not can be removed. Immigration officers' powers over citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA) and their family members are governed by the Immigration (EEA) Regulations 2006. Immigration officers have the power of

neg: Fresno Police Department The following are some of the duties performed by the members: High visibility non-confrontational patrol, Assisting officers/community service officers as needed, Traffic control, Storing/impounding marked abandoned vehicles, Crime scene preservation, Re-supply of district stations, Search for missing children/adults, Book property, Transport department vehicles, Transport victims/witnesses, Operate radar display boards, Handicap parking enforcement, Assist at special events, and Holiday patrol of shopping centers. Monthly training sessions are held to update COP members. Training is also held on a monthly basis to address concerns specific to the district that the individual COP is assigned to. entire team is made up of five

neg: Transport in Melbourne also operate free community bus services in their local areas including Port Phillip, Nillumbik and Darebin Melbourne has the world's largest tram network, consisting of of track, nearly 500 trams on 28 routes, and 1,813 tram stops. It is operated by Keolis Downer. Two partial-light rail routes are also part of the network. Most of the remaining track is mixes with general traffic which also makes it one of the slowest tram networks in the world. Trams operate mostly in the inner suburbs and generally provide for short to medium-length trips. Heritage trams operate on the free City Circle route

neg: Community first responder do not necessarily have the levels of training or equipment available to full-time staff, and may arrive on their own, increasing risks. Types of call which responders may not be asked to attend (or be stood down if already en route) include drugs related problems, domestic violence and abusive patients as well as dangerous scenes such as traffic collisions or building sites. In some areas, responders are also not dispatched to paediatric cases, although other areas have this as a main part of their role. Schemes vary in the UK and are mostly managed by the local ambulance service, although