query: who is the leader of the state government in australia

pos: Government of Australia the Queen of Australia who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, with executive powers delegated by constitutional convention to the Australian head of government, the Prime Minister of Australia. The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into the executive branch, composed of the Federal Executive Council presided by the Governor-General, which delegates powers to the Cabinet of Australia led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch composed of the Parliament of Australia's House of Representatives and Senate, and the judicial branch composed of the High Court of Australia and federal courts. Separation of powers is implied by

pos: Government of Australia the Manager of Opposition Business in the House, appointed by the Leader of the Opposition in the Commonwealth parliament, currently Bill Shorten. The Australian Constitution dates from 1901, when the Dominions of the British Empire were not sovereign states, and does not use the term "head of state". As Australia is a constitutional monarchy, government and academic sources describe the Queen as head of state. In practice, the role of head of state of Australia is divided between two people, the Queen of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia, who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the

pos: Governor head of the state government. It is not a political office but a ceremonial one. Each state governor is appointed by the Queen of Australia on the advice of the Premier, who is the political chief executive of the state government (until 1986, state governors were appointed by the Queen of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Government). State Governors have emergency reserve powers but these are rarely used. The Territories of Australia other than the ACT have Administrators instead of governors, who are appointed formally by the Governor-general. The Governor-General is the representative of and appointed

neg: Rann Government Rann Government The Rann Government was the state executive government of South Australia led by Premier of South Australia Mike Rann of the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 2002 to 2011. Rann is a former Australian politician who served as the 44th Premier of South Australia. He succeeded Lynn Arnold as state Labor leader and South Australian Leader of the Opposition in 1994. He led Labor to minority government at the 2002 election, before attaining a landslide win at the 2006 election. The Rann Government was elected to a third four-year term at the 2010

neg: Leader of the Opposition (Western Australia) on occasions was applied to members. Maitland Brown, for example, was often referred to as "Leader of the Opposition" during his period as an outspoken critic of Governor Robinson's Government. Leader of the Opposition (Western Australia) In the Australian state of Western Australia, the Leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest minority political party or coalition of parties in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia. By convention, the leader is generally a member of the Legislative Assembly. The current Leader of the Opposition is Mike Nahan of the Liberal Party. Prior to 1911, the

neg: Government of Tasmania Government of Tasmania The Government of Tasmania, also referred to as the Tasmanian Government, is the executive authority of the state of Tasmania, Australia. The leader of the party or coalition with the confidence of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Tasmania, is invited by the Governor of Tasmania to form the Government of Tasmania. The head of the Government is the Premier of Tasmania. Since the 2014 election, the Premier of Tasmania has been Will Hodgman, leader of the Liberal Party, who was re-elected at the 2018 election. Since that election, the current

neg: Prime Minister of Australia Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of State, the leader of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and is the chair of the National Security Committee and the Council of Australian Governments. The office of Prime Minister is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia but exists through Westminster political convention. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia and at

neg: 2012 Ramsay state by-election was state Labor leader and leader of the opposition from 1994 after the Labor government was defeated a year earlier. Rann led Labor to minority government at the 2002 election, a landslide majority government at the 2006 election, and retained majority government at the 2010 election despite a swing. Rann stepped down in favour of Jay Weatherill as party leader and Premier in 2011. Rann is the third-longest-serving Premier of South Australia and longest-serving South Australian Labor leader, and afterward became the longest-serving period of South Australian Labor government in history. The last by-election was the 2009 Frome by-election, when

neg: Women and government in Australia suffered a crushing loss to conservative leader Will Hodgman. This again leaves South Australia as the only state or territory not to have had a female head of government. Marion Scrymgour is to date the highest ranked Indigenous woman in a government in Australia when she was Deputy Chief Minister of the Northern Territory from 2007 until 2009. Prior to Labor's massive loss in 2012 the Legislative Assembly of Queensland had the highest female parliamentary representation in Australia and the third highest in the world, with 30 out of 89 Members having been women. However, the next state election resulted

neg: 1975 South Australian state election 1975 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 12 July 1975. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Don Dunstan won a third term in government, defeating the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition Bruce Eastick. The drop in major party primary votes was due to the socially progressive Liberal Movement (LM) led by Robin Millhouse who achieved 18.3 percent of the primary vote and 2 seats. The party was a breakaway faction

neg: Australian home front during World War II the early years of the Pacific War. Robert Gordon Menzies was sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia for the first time on 26 April 1939 following the death of Joseph Lyons. He led a minority United Australia Party government, after Country Party leader Earle Page refused to serve in a Coalition government led by Menzies. On 3 September 1939, Australia entered World War II, with Menzies making a declaration of a state of war in a national radio broadcast: Earle Page as leader of the Country Party and John Curtin as leader of the Labor Party both pledged support

neg: Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) The Leader of the Government in the Senate (historically also known as the Leader of the Senate) is the most senior cabinet minister in the Australian Senate. The title is given to the leader of the governing party (or the largest party in a governing coalition), irrespective of whether the government has a majority or plurality in the Senate. His or her Opposition counterpart is the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate. The current Leader of the Government in the Senate is Mathias Cormann. The current Deputy Leader of the Government

neg: Price-Peake Government Price-Peake Government The Price-Peake Government is the name given to the coalition government in South Australia between 1905 and 1909 when Labor leader Tom Price led the government as Premier of South Australia with the support of the Liberal and Democratic Union (LDU) leader Archibald Peake as Treasurer of South Australia and Attorney-General of South Australia. Despite neither leader having Ministerial experience, the government they led was popular and successful. After the 1905 election when Labor increased their representation from five to fifteen MPs in the 42-member lower house, Labor leader Thomas Price formed a minority government with the support

neg: Liberal Party of Australia Liberal Party and its predecessors have operated in similar coalitions since the 1920s. The party's leader is Scott Morrison and its deputy leader is Josh Frydenberg. The pair were elected to their positions at the August 2018 Liberal leadership ballot, with Frydenberg and Morrison as replacements for Julie Bishop and Malcolm Turnbull respectively, the latter of whom Morrison consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now the Morrison Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in

neg: 1993 South Australian state election 1993 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 11 December 1993. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Lynn Arnold was defeated by the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition Dean Brown. The Liberals won what is still the largest majority government in South Australian history. The campaign was dominated by the issue of the collapse of the State Bank of South Australia in 1991. The State Bank's deposits were legally underwritten by

neg: Fiona Nash Fiona Nash Fiona Joy Nash (née Morton; born 6 May 1965) is a former Australian politician. She represented the National Party of Australia in the Australian Senate for the state of New South Wales from 1 July 2005 and served as the Deputy Leader of the Nationals in the Parliament of Australia from 11 February 2016, having previously served as the party's deputy Senate leader since 2008. In the Turnbull Government, Nash served as the Minister for Local Government and Territories from 19 July 2016, and the Minister for Regional Development, and the Minister for Regional Communications from 18 February

neg: Geoff Gallop and relations in this neighbourhood give the impression that those who sailed to America, provided they were not afraid to work, had an easier life than those who took the greater risk and went to Australia.” Gallop was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Victoria Park in 1986. From 1990 to 1993, during the Lawrence Labor Government, Gallop held portfolios including Education, Parliamentary and Electoral Reform, Fuel and Energy, Micro-Economic Reform, and Minister assisting the Treasurer. The Lawrence government was defeated at the 1993 state elections, and Gallop was elected Deputy Leader of the State

neg: Tom Tunnecliffe its support from Hogan's minority government, and in April the government was defeated in a confidence vote. Tunnecliffe, as acting leader, led the Labor campaign in the May 1932 state election, now completely rejecting the Premiers's Plan, which was the main issue at the election. The Labor Party Executive expelled everyone who had supported the Premier's Plan, including Hogan, although it did not run a candidate against him. Tunnecliffe was elected leader of the party. At the elections the United Australia Party won 31 seats to Labor's 16 and the reunited Country Party's 14. Hogan and one of his ex-ministers

neg: Australian Labor Party leader of the Party by deputy leader Julia Gillard. The Gillard Government was commissioned to govern in a hung parliament following the 2010 election with a one-seat parliamentary majority and 50.12 percent of the two-party vote. Between the 2007 federal election and the 2008 Western Australian state election, Labor was in government nationally, as well as in all eight state and territory legislatures. This was the first time any single party or any coalition had achieved this since the ACT and the NT gained self-government. Labor narrowly lost government in Western Australia at the 2008 state election and Victoria at

neg: Leadership spill to Australia being dubbed "coup capital of the democratic world". In the Westminster system of government, the leader of the party which forms government becomes the Prime Minister, while the leader of the largest party not in government becomes leader of the Opposition. Contenders for the role of leader of a major party usually (but not always) come from the cabinet or shadow cabinet. A leadership spill occurs when a member or members of the parliamentary party feel that the leader is taking the party in an undesirable direction or is simply not delivering on promises made to those who

neg: 1905 South Australian state election 1905 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 27 May 1905. All 42 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent conservative government led by Premier of South Australia Richard Butler in an informal coalition with the liberals was defeated by the United Labor Party (ULP) led by Leader of the Opposition Thomas Price. Each of the 13 districts elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes. The first ministry formed after the 1902 election by John Jenkins, who resigned prior to the 1905 election. Richard Butler took the

neg: Price-Peake Government of industrial disputes, and Peake came to power following 1912 election. Price-Peake Government The Price-Peake Government is the name given to the coalition government in South Australia between 1905 and 1909 when Labor leader Tom Price led the government as Premier of South Australia with the support of the Liberal and Democratic Union (LDU) leader Archibald Peake as Treasurer of South Australia and Attorney-General of South Australia. Despite neither leader having Ministerial experience, the government they led was popular and successful. After the 1905 election when Labor increased their representation from five to fifteen MPs in the 42-member lower house,

neg: 2014 South Australian state election 2010 state election. 2014 South Australian state election The 2014 South Australian state election elected members to the 53rd Parliament of South Australia on 15 March 2014, to fill all 47 seats in the House of Assembly (lower house) and 11 of 22 seats in the Legislative Council (upper house). The 12-year-incumbent Australian Labor Party (SA) government, led by Premier Jay Weatherill, won its fourth consecutive four-year term in government, a record 16 years of Labor government, defeating the opposition Liberal Party of Australia (SA), led by Opposition Leader Steven Marshall. The election resulted in a hung parliament with 23

neg: Croatian Liberation Movement other government level. The organization has active branches in Canada (in Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver), and Australia (in Melbourne and Sydney). Croatian Liberation Movement The Croatian Liberation Movement ( or HOP) is a minor far right political party founded in 1956 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by the Croatian WWII fascist dictator Ante Pavelić who was leader of the Nazi puppet state, the so-called Independent State of Croatia, and some Croatian emigrants. Until the 1970s HOP was a Croatian emigrant organization with more than 80 percent of its members made up from people who had been politically active in some way

neg: Coalition (Australia) similar parties at state level. The first such federal arrangement was formed in 1923, as a solution to the hung parliament that resulted from the 1922 federal election. The Liberals and Nationals maintain separate organisational wings and separate parliamentary parties, but co-operate in various ways determined by a mixture of formal agreements and informal conventions. There is a single Coalition frontbench, both in government and in opposition, with each party receiving a proportionate number of positions. By convention, the leader of Liberal Party serves as the overall leader, serving as prime minister when the Coalition is in government and leader

neg: 1997 South Australian state election 1997 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 11 October 1997. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Premier of South Australia John Olsen defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mike Rann, forming a minority government with the SA Nationals and independent MPs. Following the 1993 landslide to the Liberals, ending 11 years of Labor government, Labor now led by Mike Rann held just 11 seats in the House of Assembly. The Liberals held 36

neg: T. J. Ryan Labor government in Australia, giving him a national profile. The government was re-elected at the 1918 state election, but the following year Ryan resigned to enter federal politics, winning the Division of West Sydney in New South Wales at the 1919 federal election. He was widely seen as the heir apparent to the Labor Party's federal leader, Frank Tudor, who was in poor health. His sudden death from pneumonia at the age of 45 was seen as a major blow for the labour movement. Thomas Joseph Ryan was born at Port Fairy, Victoria Australia, the fifth of six children of

neg: 2001 Western Australian state election Matt Birney. Meanwhile, a minister in the outgoing Government, Doug Shave, lost his seat of Alfred Cove to Independent candidate Dr Janet Woollard, who was also a member of the Liberals for Forests party. Notes: Notes: 2001 Western Australian state election Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 10 February 2001 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The two-term Liberal–National coalition government, led by Premier Richard Court, was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Dr Geoff Gallop. The election produced the biggest change

neg: Liberal Movement (Australia) Eastick, who was an unimpressive parliamentary performer and seen as an obstacle to reintegration with the LM, as leader. Tonkin became the new leader, the first Liberal leader from a metropolitan seat. The federal Liberal Party was rattled by the strength of the LM, and tried to reintegrate them. Hall was offered a high position in the Liberal senate ticket if he rejoined, and a position in cabinet if the Liberals defeated the federal Labor government. The LM regarded its first state electoral performance as impressive, and optimistic with their future, they flatly rejected the overtures. However, they had also

neg: 2014 South Australian state election 2014 South Australian state election The 2014 South Australian state election elected members to the 53rd Parliament of South Australia on 15 March 2014, to fill all 47 seats in the House of Assembly (lower house) and 11 of 22 seats in the Legislative Council (upper house). The 12-year-incumbent Australian Labor Party (SA) government, led by Premier Jay Weatherill, won its fourth consecutive four-year term in government, a record 16 years of Labor government, defeating the opposition Liberal Party of Australia (SA), led by Opposition Leader Steven Marshall. The election resulted in a hung parliament with 23 seats for Labor

neg: 1941 South Australian state election of the primary vote, the Playford LCL won a one-seat majority government following the 1941 election. Turnout crashed to a record-low 50 percent, triggering the government to institute compulsory voting from the 1944 election. 1941 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 29 March 1941. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League government led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Robert Richards. Though the LCL was in minority

neg: State Bank of South Australia government occurred at the subsequent 1993 election, won by the Liberal opposition led by Dean Brown. The State Bank collapse continued to affect the state's finances and politics into the 21st century. The State Bank debt was given as the main reason for the privatisation of Electricity Trust of South Australia (ETSA) by the second-term Liberal minority government led by John Olsen despite his promise prior to the 1997 election that privatisation of ETSA would not occur. Olsen was replaced by Rob Kerin as Premier and Liberal leader following the Motorola affair in 2001, but he lost government to Labor

neg: Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) of the Liberal Party and thus ascended to the prime ministership. In line with constitutional convention, he resigned from the Senate to contest a by-election to the House of Representatives. Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) The Leader of the Government in the Senate (historically also known as the Leader of the Senate) is the most senior cabinet minister in the Australian Senate. The title is given to the leader of the governing party (or the largest party in a governing coalition), irrespective of whether the government has a majority or plurality in the Senate. His or her

neg: Martin Hamilton-Smith Martin Hamilton-Smith Martin Leslie James Hamilton-Smith (born 1 December 1953) is a former Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Waite from the 1997 election until his retirement in 2018. First elected as a candidate for the Liberal Party, Hamilton-Smith was the state parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party and the Leader of the Opposition in South Australia from 2007 to 2009, and a Minister in the Kerin Liberal government from 2001 to 2002. He became an independent two months after the 2014 election. He served as the Minister for Investment and Trade, Minister for

neg: LGBT rights in Western Australia interventions on children, an end to legal classification of sex, and improved access to peer support. De facto unions are recognised in Western Australia. The Parliament passed a motion calling on the federal government to have a conscience vote on a same-sex marriage bill in September 2015. During the 2017 state election, Labor Party leader Mark McGowan stated the party would consider legislating for civil unions if Labor formed government after the election. Western Australia is one of two jurisdictions in Australia (the other being the Northern Territory) not to offer relationship registries and official domestic partnership schemes to same-sex

neg: Prime Minister of Australia the Governor-General's pleasure subject to the Constitution of Australia and constitutional conventions. Scott Morrison has held the office of Prime Minister since 24 August 2018. He received his commission after replacing Malcolm Turnbull as the leader of the Liberal Party, the largest party in the Coalition government, following the Liberal Party leadership spill earlier the same day. The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia under Section 64 of the Australian Constitution, which empowers the Governor-General, as the official representative of the Crown, to appoint government ministers of state on the advice of the Prime Minister

neg: Chief Minister of the Northern Territory was established. In 2013, Mills was replaced as Chief Minister and CLP leader by Adam Giles at the 2013 CLP leadership ballot on 13 March to become the first indigenous Australian to lead a state or territory government in Australia. Following the 2016 election landslide outcome, Labor's Michael Gunner became Chief Minister. From the foundation of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in 1974 until the granting of self-government in 1978, the head of government was known as the Majority Leader: Chief Minister of the Northern Territory The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory is the head of government of the

neg: Leader of the Opposition (South Australia) Leader of the Opposition (South Australia) The Leader of the Opposition in South Australia is the leader of the largest minority political party or coalition of parties, known as the Opposition, in the House of Assembly of the Parliament of South Australia. By convention, he or she is generally a member of the House of Assembly. He or she acts as the public face of the opposition, and act as a chief critic of the government and ultimately attempt to portray the opposition as a feasible alternate government. They are also given certain additional rights under parliamentary standing orders, such

neg: 1993 South Australian state election Torrens by-election saw Labor take the seat from the Liberals. The 1994 Elizabeth by-election and 1994 Taylor by-election saw Labor retain both seats. 1993 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 11 December 1993. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Lynn Arnold was defeated by the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition Dean Brown. The Liberals won what is still the largest majority government in South Australian history. The campaign was dominated

neg: Netherby, South Australia the Liberal party since 1948: John McLeay, Sr. (1949-1966), John McLeay, Jr. (1966-1981) and Steele Hall (1981-1996). At the state level it is in the electorate of Waite, and has been represented since 1997 by Martin Hamilton-Smith, also of the Liberal party, and from 2007 to 2009, the State Leader of the Opposition. Prior to Hamilton-Smith, the member since the seat's first election in 1993 was Stephen Baker, who held the posts of Treasurer and Deputy Leader (1993-1996). The local council of Netherby is the Mitcham Council. Netherby, South Australia Netherby is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia which

neg: Kyam Maher information economy. On 18 January 2016 Maher was appointed as the Leader of Government Business in the Legislative Council in the Weatherill government. Kyam Maher Kyam Joseph Maher is an Australian politician appointed to a casual vacancy in the South Australian Legislative Council for the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party on 17 October 2012. He served in the Cabinet of South Australia between 2015 and 2018, and served as Leader of Government Business in the Legislative Council between 2016 and 2018. Maher was a lawyer and political staffer before becoming South Australian state secretary of the Australian

neg: 1933 South Australian state election 1933 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 8 April 1933. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Parliamentary Labor Party government led by Premier Robert Richards was defeated by the opposition Liberal and Country League led by Leader of the Opposition Richard L. Butler. Each district elected multiple members. After the ALP government of Premier Lionel Hill endorsed the controversial Premiers' Plan following the start of the Great Depression in Australia and the subsequent Australian Labor Party split of 1931, the ALP state executive expelled

neg: 1977 South Australian state election 1977 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 17 September 1977. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Don Dunstan won a fourth term in government, defeating the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition David Tonkin. Parliamentary elections for the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia were held in South Australia in 1977, which saw Don Dunstan and the Labor Party win a fourth successive term, against the Liberal Party of

neg: Minister for Local Government (Western Australia) Minister for Local Government (Western Australia) The Minister for Local Government is a position in the Cabinet of Western Australia, first created in 1949 during the McLarty–Watts Ministry. The minister, who may also hold other portfolios, is responsible for the relationships between the state government and the local government areas of Western Australia, often facilitated through the WA Local Government Association (WALGA). The current Minister for Local Government is David Templeman of the Labor Party, who holds the position as a member of the McGowan Ministry. 22 people have been appointed as Minister for Local Government in Western Australia, with

neg: Australia–China relations The Consulate-General was reorganised and moved to Sydney, with sub-consulates opened in other key cities. Various Chinese officials visited Australia. In 1931-2, Lin Sen, President of the National Government of China and figurehead head of state, visited Sydney and Melbourne. This was the first visit to Australia by a Chinese head of state, and Lin used the opportunity to press for greater relaxation of Australia's restrictions on Chinese migration. As a mark of respect, he was given a seat on the floor of the House of Representatives. In 1934, John Latham, the deputy leader of the government, led a Mission

neg: Shadow Cabinet of Australia been led by Opposition Leader Bill Shorten of the Australian Labor Party. Prime Minister Scott Morrison of the Liberal/National Coalition has led the Morrison Government since the 2018 Liberal leadership ballot. Following the narrow defeat at the 2016 election, the Australian Labor Party reelected Bill Shorten and Tanya Plibersek as leader and deputy leader respectively. On 23 July 2016, the Shadow Cabinet was announced. Shadow Cabinet of Australia The Shadow Cabinet of Australia (also known in the Coalition as the Opposition Front Bench) is a group of senior Opposition spokespeople who are regarded as the alternative Cabinet to the Cabinet

neg: 1944 New South Wales state election make extensive plans for the future. This was particularly the case as many of the responsibilities of the states had been usurped by the Commonwealth Government under emergency war powers. McKell's 3 years in government had enhanced his reputation as a moderate and cautious leader. Under his leadership the extreme left wing of the party had been expelled and had contested the 1941 as the State Labor Party. Its poor showing had resulted in its dissolution shortly after the election and most members then joined the Communist Party of Australia. However, Labor unity was again threatened by Jack Lang who

neg: 2021 Western Australian state election 2021 Western Australian state election The 2021 Western Australian state election is scheduled for Saturday 13 March 2021 to elect members to the Parliament of Western Australia, where all 59 seats in the Legislative Assembly and all 36 seats in the Legislative Council will be up for election. The first term incumbent Labor government, currently led by Premier Mark McGowan, will seek a second four-year term against the Liberal opposition, currently led by Opposition Leader Mike Nahan. The 2017 state election saw Labor win one of the most comprehensive victories on record at the state or territory level in Australia.

neg: Hizb ut-Tahrir (Australia) prevent men's violence against women". In August 2017 the group's leader Ismail al-Wahwah was banned from entering the kingdom of Denmark and classfied as a hate preacher. Hizb ut-Tahrir (Australia) Hizb ut-Tahrir ( "Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr"; "Party of Liberation") is an international pan-Islamist and fundamentalist political organisation. The organisation is considered a radical Islamic group and has come under scrutiny from the Australian government. They are commonly associated with the goal of all Muslim countries unifying as an Islamic state or caliphate ruled by Islamic law ("sharia") and with a head of state ("caliph") elected by Muslims. Hizb ut-Tahrir (Australia) has

neg: Goff Letts a first minister in the federal and state governments. As Majority Leader, Letts prepared the Territory for self-government (which would be granted in 1978) and administered the day-to-day running of Territory affairs. Although his powers were somewhat limited, he was generally considered a capable leader. It was therefore surprising when he lost his seat at the 1977 election, even though the CLP was returned with a comfortable majority. Letts' ouster was even more surprising since it is almost unheard of for a major-party leader at the federal, state or territory level in Australia to lose his own seat. Letts blamed

neg: Australia's security relationship with the South Pacific to a strategic environment that might be inimical to Australia's interests (Australian Government Department of Defence 2000 & 2009). Australia considers itself as having significant responsibilities as a leader and regional power to ensure a stable and secure South Pacific (Australian Government Department of Defence 2000: 43–44). Australia is also expected by its global partners to be a regional leader and is judged by how well it fulfils this role (Firth 2008: 1; Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1997: 65). In this role as a regional leader, Australia has assumed a role as the de facto security

neg: 1905 South Australian state election Labor government in the world. A year later at the 1906 election, the ULP would increase their primary vote to 44.8 (+3.5) percent and increase their representation from 15 to 20 seats, just two short of a parliamentary majority. 1905 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 27 May 1905. All 42 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent conservative government led by Premier of South Australia Richard Butler in an informal coalition with the liberals was defeated by the United Labor Party (ULP) led by Leader of

neg: 1953 South Australian state election two-party vote however the LCL retained government with the assistance of the Playmander − an electoral malapportionment that also saw a clear majority of the statewide two-party vote won by Labor while failing to form government in 1944, 1962 and 1968. 1953 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 7 March 1953. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran. Labor

neg: 1941 South Australian state election 1941 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 29 March 1941. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League government led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Robert Richards. Though the LCL was in minority government with 15 of 39 seats following the 1938 election, where 14 of 39 lower house MPs were elected as independents which as a grouping won more than either major party with 40 percent

neg: 1973 South Australian state election 1973 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 10 March 1973. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Don Dunstan won a second term in government, defeating the Liberal and Country League led by Leader of the Opposition Bruce Eastick. Parliamentary elections for both houses of the Parliament of South Australia were held in South Australia in 1973, which saw Don Dunstan and the Australian Labor Party win a second successive term, against the Liberal and Country

neg: 1918 South Australian state election 1918 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 6 April 1918. All 46 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Union government led by Premier of South Australia Archibald Peake defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Andrew Kirkpatrick. Each district elected multiple members, with voters casting multiple votes. The 1918 election was the first at which any women stood as candidates. Selina Siggins (Adelaide) and Jeanne Young (Sturt) both ran unsuccessfully as independents. The Crawford Vaughan Labor government fell in July

neg: 1938 South Australian state election could form government. This confusion led Stott, as the most experienced and well known of the independent MPs, to believe that he could become Premier of South Australia. He failed to gain the support of sufficient independents and LCL members to achieve this but, as the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament, the LCL government were often forced to rely on his support. 1938 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 19 March 1938. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and

neg: McKell ministry (1944–47) McKell came to oppose Lang's dictatorial rule and critical of electoral failures. In 1939 McKell displaced Lang as Labor leader and NSW Leader of the Opposition. McKell led Labor to victory at the 1941 state election, defeating the United Australia Party/Country Party coalition of Alexander Mair and Michael Bruxner. McKell and his government were re-elected for a subsequent term at the 1944 state election. This ministry covers the period from 8 June 1944 until 6 February 1947 when McKell resigned to become Governor-General of Australia. McKell was succeeded by Jim McGirr. The composition of the ministry was announced by Premier

neg: Culture of Australia dominant political parties and rivals of Australian politics, though various other parties have been and remain influential. Voting is compulsory in Australia and government is essentially formed by a group commanding a majority of seats in the Australian House of Representatives selecting a leader who becomes Prime Minister. Australia remains a constitutional monarchy in which the largely ceremonial and procedural duties of the monarch are performed by a Governor General selected by the Australian government. Australia fought at Britain's side from the outset of World War One and World War Two and came under attack from the Empire of Japan

neg: Nuclear power in Australia international nuclear waste storage facility in Australia. The resolution was opposed by the delegates from NSW's north coast and by the party's state leader, Andrew Stoner. In 2005, the Australian government threatened to use its constitutional powers to take control of the approval process for new uranium mines from the anti-nuclear Northern Territory government. Also, the government is negotiating with China to weaken safeguard terms to allow uranium exports there. States controlled by the Australian Labor Party were blocking the development of new mines in their jurisdictions while the ALP's "No New Mines policy" was in force. In April 2007,

neg: 1943 United Australia Party leadership election 1943 United Australia Party leadership election The United Australia Party (UAP) held a leadership election on 22 September 1943, following the resignation of Billy Hughes. Robert Menzies, the party's former leader from 1939 to 1941, was elected as his replacement, defeating three other candidates – Thomas White, Allan McDonald, and Percy Spender. Hughes had been elected party leader in 1941, following the defeat of the Coalition government led by Arthur Fadden, the leader of the Country Party. The UAP simultaneously voted to form a "joint opposition" with the Country Party, under Fadden as Leader of the Opposition. Hughes, who had

neg: Leader of the House (Australia) Leader of the House (Australia) In the Australian Parliament, the Leader of the House is the government minister responsible for the management of government business in the House of Representatives, including such matters as: As the Australian Parliament is bicameral, the Leader of the House must also be aware of developments in the Senate, for example, in order to anticipate whether a bill may be returned to the House with amendments. The office was created in 1951 by the Prime Minister at the time, Robert Menzies. The Leader of the House and the Deputy Leader are appointed by the Prime

neg: Henry Maley Henry Maley Henry Kennedy Maley (17 June 1878 – 26 February 1956) was an Australian politician who was a Country Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1917 to 1924 and again from 1929 to 1930. He was the state leader of the Country Party from 1922 to 1923, and a minister in the government of Sir James Mitchell from 1921 to 1924. Maley was born in Greenough, Western Australia, to Elizabeth (née Waldeck) and John Stephen Maley. He attended the High School in Perth on a scholarship, and after leaving began working as a clerk for

neg: Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada) position of Government House Leader was formally recognized. In 1968, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau designated the Government House Leader as President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. Under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, the roles of Government House Leader and President of the Privy Council were separated in 1989. Under Mulroney and his successors, the position of House Leader would often be held by someone who was named a Minister of State without any portfolio responsibilities specified. Since 2003, this Minister of State status has been obscured in all but the most official circumstances by the use of a "Leader

neg: Eric Abetz Eric Abetz Eric Abetz (born 25 January 1958) is a West German-born Australian politician and a Liberal Party member of the Australian Senate since February 1994, representing the state of Tasmania. Abetz was the Minister for Employment and the Leader of the Government in the Senate in the Abbott Government from 2013 to 2015. He previously also served as a Special Minister of State in the Howard Government, from 2001 to 2006 and as Minister for Fisheries, Forestry and Conservation from 2006 to 2007. Born in Germany, Abetz emigrated to Australia as a small child, when his father came to

neg: Brendon Grylls in the Liberal-National Coalition prior to the 2005 election. In June 2005 he successfully challenged then leader Max Trenorden to become the new leader of the Parliamentary National Party of Australia (WA). After the 2008 state election, Grylls found himself in a position of power. The Labor Party government lost its majority, resulting in a hung parliament. Neither Premier Alan Carpenter nor Liberal opposition leader Colin Barnett could form a government without the support of the Nationals, leaving Grylls in a position where he could effectively choose the next premier. The WA Nationals do not necessarily follow the lead of

neg: Film Victoria supports: Film Victoria Film Victoria is a statutory authority of the State Government of Victoria, Australia that provides strategic leadership and assistance for film, television, and digital media production in the Australian state of Victoria. The authority invests in projects and people, and promotes Victoria as a world-class production destination nationally and internationally. It works closely with industry and government to position Victoria as a leader in the Australian knowledge and ideas economy through the growth and development of the screen industry. "Film Victoria" was created as "a new statutory authority to be responsible for Government activities related to the

neg: Film Victoria Film Victoria Film Victoria is a statutory authority of the State Government of Victoria, Australia that provides strategic leadership and assistance for film, television, and digital media production in the Australian state of Victoria. The authority invests in projects and people, and promotes Victoria as a world-class production destination nationally and internationally. It works closely with industry and government to position Victoria as a leader in the Australian knowledge and ideas economy through the growth and development of the screen industry. "Film Victoria" was created as "a new statutory authority to be responsible for Government activities related to the production

neg: Royal North Shore Hospital maintains its role as a health care leader in Australia. Following the case of patient Jana Horska, who suffered a miscarriage in the hospital's toilet as a result of lack of available beds and staff, the State Government established the Joint Select Committee on the Royal North Shore Hospital in the New South Wales Parliament on 23 October 2007, chaired by Christian Democrats leader Fred Nile MLC. The committee was formally established on 23 October 2007, and tabled its report on 20 December 2007. The report made 45 recommendations. In early 2008, a Special Commission of Inquiry into Acute Care

neg: Clare Martin even come close to winning. In the most unexpected victory of all, the ALP even managed to unseat the Opposition Leader and former Chief Minister, Burke, in his own Palmerston-area electorate. Labor won the second-largest majority government in the history of the Territory, bettered only by the CLP's near-sweep of the Legislative Assembly at the first elections, in 1974. On 10 September 2007, Queensland Premier Peter Beattie announced he would leave politics that week. This left Martin as Labor's longest-serving current state or territory leader, and as the longest-serving state or territory head of government in Australia, until she herself

neg: 2017 Western Australian state election 2017 Western Australian state election The 2017 Western Australian state election was held on Saturday 11 March 2017 to elect members to the Parliament of Western Australia, including all 59 seats in the Legislative Assembly and all 36 seats in the Legislative Council. The eight-and-a-half-year two-term incumbent Liberal–WA National government, led by Premier Colin Barnett, was defeated by the Labor opposition, led by Opposition Leader Mark McGowan. Labor won 41 of the 59 seats in the Legislative Assembly—a 12-seat majority. Not only is this WA Labor's strongest performance in a state election, but it is also the largest majority government

neg: Coalition (Australia) of the opposition when the Coalition is in opposition. The leader of the National Party becomes the deputy prime minister during periods of conservative government, but the Liberals' deputy leader serves as deputy opposition leader when the Coalition is in opposition. The two parties co-operate on their federal election campaigns, run joint Senate tickets in all but one state, and generally avoid running candidates against each other in the House of Representatives. A merger of the Liberals and Nationals has been suggested on a number of occasions, but has never become a serious proposition. The relationship between the two parties

neg: Brand–Nalder Ministry Brand–Nalder Ministry The Brand–Nalder Ministry was the 24th Ministry of the Government of Western Australia, led by Liberal Premier David Brand and his deputy, Country Party leader Crawford Nalder. It succeeded the Brand–Watts Ministry on 1 February 1962 following the Deputy Premier's retirement from politics. The ministry was followed by the Tonkin Ministry on 3 March 1971 after the Coalition lost government at the state election held on 23 February. On 1 February 1962, the Governor, Sir Charles Gairdner, constituted the Ministry. He designated 10 principal executive offices of the Government and appointed the following ministers to their positions, who

neg: Liberal Party of Australia effort to increase deregulation of industrial laws in Australia. In 2005, Howard reflected on his government's cultural and foreign policy outlook in oft repeated terms: The 2007 federal election saw the defeat of the Howard federal government, and the Liberal Party was in opposition throughout Australia at the state and federal level; the highest Liberal office-holder at the time was Lord Mayor of Brisbane Campbell Newman. This ended after the Western Australian state election, 2008, when Colin Barnett became Premier of that state. Following the 2007 federal election, Dr Brendan Nelson was elected leader by the Parliamentary Liberal Party. On

neg: 1970 South Australian state election 1970 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 30 May 1970. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Steele Hall was defeated by the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Don Dunstan. The LCL had formed the government of South Australia for 35 of the previous 38 years due to a malapportionment favouring country areas over the Adelaide area. Deliberately inequitable electoral boundaries resulted in a country vote being worth twice a vote

neg: 1962 South Australian state election 1962 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 3 March 1962. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Frank Walsh. The Playford government, in power since 1938, went into the 1962 elections in a precarious position. At the time the writs were issued, South Australia was dogged by a massive recession. This led observers to think that Labor would finally have a

neg: 1979 South Australian state election seat for Labor, reducing the Liberal government to 24 seats, a one-seat majority. A 1982 Mitcham by-election and 1982 Florey by-election were triggered, the Democrats retained Mitcham by 45 votes, Labor increased their margin in Florey. 1979 South Australian state election State elections were held in South Australia on 15 September 1979. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Des Corcoran was defeated by the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition David Tonkin. The Liberals originally won 25

neg: Australian Labor Party Australian Labor Party The Australian Labor Party (ALP; known as Labor, historically spelt Labour) is a major centre-left political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at the federal level since the 2013 election. Bill Shorten has been the party's federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a federal party with branches in each state and territory. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and in both the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state (and

neg: New South Wales by Kristina Keneally in December 2009. Keneally's government was defeated at the 2011 state election and Barry O'Farrell became Premier on 28 March. On 17 April 2014 O'Farrell stood down as Premier after misleading an ICAC investigation concerning a gift of a bottle of wine. The Liberal Party then elected Treasurer Mike Baird as party leader and Premier. Baird resigned as Premier on 23 January 2017, and was replaced by Gladys Berejiklian. Executive authority is vested in the Governor of New South Wales, who represents and is appointed by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The current Governor is David Hurley.

neg: Leader of the Opposition (Western Australia) Leader of the Opposition (Western Australia) In the Australian state of Western Australia, the Leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest minority political party or coalition of parties in the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia. By convention, the leader is generally a member of the Legislative Assembly. The current Leader of the Opposition is Mike Nahan of the Liberal Party. Prior to 1911, the Western Australian political system had neither organised political parties (apart from the Labor Party) nor an organised opposition. The notion of leader of the opposition was well understood, however, and

neg: King v Jones heard together in the High Court. The Government of South Australia also decided to intervene in the case. King was represented in the case by Lionel Murphy, a Labor Senator, and the leader of the opposition in the Australian Senate. Jones was represented by the Solicitor-General of Australia. King's main argument was based on section 41 of the Australian Constitution. That section provides that: 41. No adult person who has or acquires a right to vote at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of a State shall, while the right continues, be prevented by any law of

neg: Michael Gunner state or territory level in Australia. Labor won 18 seats in the 25-member Legislative Assembly on a swing of over 14 percent, the largest two-party swing on record in the Territory. En route, Labor took all but one seat in Darwin/Palmerston, and even ousted Giles in his own seat—only the second time that a Majority Leader/Chief Minister had been rolled in his own electorate. The CLP was cut down to just two seats − the worst defeat of a sitting government in the Territory's history, and amongst the worst ever suffered by a state or territory government in Australia. Gunner

neg: 1905 Western Australian state election and was replaced by William Johnson on 4 October. At the election, Rason and the Ministerialists recorded a landslide victory, with their gain of 15 seats allowing them to form a comfortable majority government. Eight Labour members lost their seats, including their leader Johnson, who was defeated in Kalgoorlie by Norbert Keenan. 1905 Western Australian state election Elections were held in the Australian state of Western Australia in late 1905 to elect 50 members to the state's Legislative Assembly. The main polling day was 27 October, although four remote electorates (Dundas, Gascoyne, Kimberley, and Pilbara) went to the polls on

neg: Government of South Australia and regulations, including legal interpretation, by a number of agencies grouped under areas of portfolio responsibility. Each portfolio is led by a government minister who is a member of the Parliament. there were twenty one (21) lead agencies, called government departments, that consist of: A range of other agencies support the functions of these departments. Government of South Australia The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of South Australia. The Government of South Australia, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1856 as prescribed in its Constitution,

neg: Kerala Council of Ministers issuing orders on behalf of Government is Chief Secretary to the State Government. The current Chief Secretary is Nalini Netto who took charge on April 1, 2017. Like any Indian state, the Chief Minister of Kerala is the real head of the government and responsible for state administration. He is the leader of the parliamentary party in the legislature and heads the state cabinet. The current Chief Minister is Pinarayi Vijayan. As per Indian Constitution, all portfolios of state government is vested in Chief Minister, who distribute various portfolio to individual ministers whom he nominates to the State Governor. The

neg: Howard Government state election, 2008, when Colin Barnett became Premier of that state. Howard Government The Howard Government refers to the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister John Howard between 11 March 1996 and 3 December 2007. It was made up of members of the Liberal–National Coalition, which won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives at four successive elections. The Howard Government commenced following victory over the Keating Government at the 1996 federal election. It concluded with its defeat at the 2007 federal election by the Australian Labor Party, whose leader Kevin Rudd then formed the

neg: John Olsen returned to the backbench. He was appointed to the Australian Senate in 1990 to fill a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Tony Messner. However, in 1992, after less than two years in the Senate, he resigned to return to state politics. The Bannon government was under pressure from the collapse of the State Bank of South Australia. However, Olsen's successor as state Liberal leader, Dale Baker, was unable to gain significant ground. Baker resigned as state Liberal leader in 1992 and called a spill for all leadership positions, intending to hand the leadership back to Olsen as soon

neg: Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) in the Senate is Simon Birmingham, who was appointed on the same date following the resignation of Mitch Fifield. According to constitutional convention, the government is formed in the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister is a member of that chamber. The Leader of the Government in the Senate has duties and privileges that parallel those of the Prime Minister, in that he or she has overarching responsibility for all policy areas and acts as the government's principal spokesperson in the upper house. He or she is also entitled to sit at the table of the Senate, and has

neg: Rantau He has shown a keen interest to improve his hometown since he has become a civic leader. Rantau has many notable successful people. Among them are the former Chief Minister of Negeri Sembilan Mohamad Hasan, Dato VS Mogan former EXCO member of the Negeri Sembilan state Government, Mr Maha Sinnathamby, Rantau born Australian developer of Greater Springfield Development in Queensland, the largest master-planned community in Australia. There are few Government Diplomats, high level civil servants and businessmen who have their origin from Rantau. The mosque of the small town of Kuala Sawah was built by estate owner Bujai Bin Dato'

neg: Parliament of South Australia body. Previously they were redistributed after every third election. Government is formed in the House of Assembly by the leader of the party or coalition who can demonstrate they have the support of the majority of the House, and is called upon by the Governor to form government. The leader of the government becomes the Premier. While South Australia's total population is 1.7 million, Adelaide's population is 1.3 million − uniquely, over 75 percent of the state's population resides in the metropolitan area and has 72 percent of seats (34 of 47) alongside a lack of comparatively-sized rural population centres,

neg: Paramount leader Paramount leader In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader () of the Communist Party of China and the government of China is an informal term for the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China. The paramount leader is not a formal position nor an office unto itself and the term gained prominence during the era of Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989), who was able to wield power without necessarily holding any official or formally significant party or government positions at any given time (head of state, head of government or General Secretary). There has been significant overlap between paramount

neg: 1911 Western Australian state election State Shipping Service, the State Hotels, the State Quarry at Boya as well as meatworks, ferries and tramways. Notes: 1911 Western Australian state election Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 3 October 1911 to elect 50 members to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. The Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader John Scaddan, defeated the conservative Ministerialist government led by Premier Frank Wilson. In doing so, Scaddan achieved Labor's first absolute majority on the floor of the Assembly and, with 68% of the seats (34 of 50), set a record for Labor's biggest majority in Western Australia.

neg: Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) and the Leader of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, it was not based on either of those, but rather on the position of Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council found in Australia's colonial parliaments. Because government is formed in the House rather than the Senate, there is no guarantee that the Leader of the Government will be drawn from the largest party in the Senate. Unlike the Prime Minister, there is no requirement for the Leader of the Government to command the confidence of the chamber. It is not a cabinet post in its own

neg: Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia) right, and the holder of the office has always held at least one ministerial portfolio (though sometimes only the mostly honorific Vice-Presidency of the Executive Council). The longest-serving Leader of the Government in the Senate was George Pearce, who held the position for a cumulative total of 15 years in three separate terms between 1914 and 1937. Uniquely, from 10 January to 1 February 1968, the positions of Prime Minister and Leader of the Government in the Senate were held by the same person, John Gorton. After the disappearance of Harold Holt, Gorton – a senator – was elected leader

neg: Lia Finocchiaro Labor candidate Eva Lawler. On 2 September, Higgins, the sole survivor of the Giles cabinet, became CLP leader and opposition leader, with Finocchiaro as his deputy. Finnochiaro faced the task of helping the CLP recover from one of the worst defeats of a sitting government at the state or territory level in Australia. The CLP was recognised as the Official Opposition after the Solicitor-General advised that the five independents could not realistically form an alternative government. Although the CLP was well short of the numbers for official status in the chamber, the new Labor government of Michael Gunner promised that

neg: Ombudsmen in Australia SA Ombudsman is a completely independent official who has comprehensive power to investigate government departments and authorities and local government councils. The office provides 'free, impartial, informal and timely resolution of complaints to promote fairness, openness and good public administration in South Australia'. The current Ombudsman is Ken MacPherson. The Victorian Ombudsman investigates complaints from the public about local councils and State Government departments and agencies. Its services are free, fair and independent. Deborah Glass is the current Victorian Ombudsman. The Ombudsman of Western Australia investigates complaints about Western Australian State Government agencies, statutory authorities, local governments and public universities.

neg: Prime Minister of Australia John Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party. The last Prime Minister to serve out a full government term in the office was John Howard, who won the 2004 election and led his party to the 2007 election, but lost. Since then, the five subsequent Prime Ministers have been either voted out of the office mid-term by the caucuses of their own parties, assumed the office mid-term under such circumstances, or both. Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The

neg: Kerala Council of Ministers Kerala Council of Ministers The executive wing of Government of Kerala is State Council of Ministers presided by Governor of the state, who is the nominal head of the government and headed by State Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan who is the real head of government and leader of the state cabinet. The current state council of ministers was sworn-in May 2016, after 2016 state elections. The term of every executive wing is for 5 years. The council of ministers are assisted by department secretaries attached to each ministry who are from IAS Kerala cadre. The chief executive officer responsible for

neg: Holt Government Holt Government The Holt Government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Harold Holt. It was made up of members of a Liberal-Country Party coalition in the Australian Parliament from 26 January 1966 – 19 December 1967. The Liberal Party of Australia-Country Party of Australia coalition had governed in Australia since 1949 under Prime Minister Robert Menzies. Menzies retired in January 1966 and the Liberal Party elected Harold Holt as party leader and he became Prime Minister of Australia. After being elected by the Parliamentary Liberal Party to serve as leader and Prime Minister, Harold Holt

neg: 1968 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election in 1969 and Snedden became party leader in December 1972. Bury later served as Treasurer of Australia under both Gorton and McMahon respectively. 1968 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election A leadership election in the Liberal Party of Australia, the party of government in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 9 January 1968. It followed the disappearance and presumed drowning of previous leader Harold Holt, who had been declared dead on 19 December 1967. The contest was won by Senator John Gorton in a party room ballot; he was sworn in as prime minister the following day, replacing caretaker

neg: Politics of the Republic of Ireland Politics of the Republic of Ireland Ireland is a parliamentary, representative democratic republic and a member state of the European Union. While the head of state is the popularly elected President of Ireland, it is a largely ceremonial position, with real political power being vested in the indirectly elected Taoiseach (leader of government), who is the head of the government. Executive power is exercised by the government, which consists of no more than 15 cabinet ministers, inclusive of the Taoiseach and Tánaiste (the deputy leader of government). Legislative power is vested in the Oireachtas, the bicameral national parliament, which consists