query: when did alaska become a state of america

pos: Alaska part of the economy. The United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for 7.2 million U.S. dollars at approximately two cents per acre ($4.74/km). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959. The name "Alaska" () was introduced in the Russian colonial period when it was used to refer to the Alaska Peninsula. It was derived from an Aleut-language idiom, which figuratively refers to the mainland. Literally, it means "object to which

pos: Alaska Statehood Act Alaska Statehood Act The Alaska Statehood Act () was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 7, 1958, allowing Alaska to become the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959. From 1867 to 1884 Alaska was considered to be a military district of the United States of America under the control of the federal government. Alaskans had sought statehood since as early as the 1920s, though this vision was not realized until the decade after World War II. In 1884, the government passed the Organic Act which allowed for Alaska to become a judicial district as well as a

pos: Alaska Statehood Act to result in the addition of two pro-civil-rights senators from a state which would be the first to have majority non-white population. This would endanger the Southern minority segregationist Democrat Senate by providing two more pro-civil rights votes to invoke cloture and halt a Senate filibuster. Alaska Statehood Act The Alaska Statehood Act () was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 7, 1958, allowing Alaska to become the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959. From 1867 to 1884 Alaska was considered to be a military district of the United States of America under the control of the

pos: William A. Egan Territorial Senator Egan was chosen to lead the body in drafting a new state document. Following the end of the convention a year later, the Alaska Constitution was sent to Alaskans as part of a referendum in 1958, passing easily. The statehood issue was turned over to the U.S. Congress later that year, passing by only one vote. President Dwight Eisenhower signed the resulting Alaska Statehood Act into law. Alaska was to become the 49th state. Alaska was scheduled to become a U.S. state on January 3, 1959. Egan decided to run to become Alaska's first state governor. He won

pos: Legal education in Alaska Legal education in Alaska Legal education in Alaska refers to the history of efforts to educate Alaskans in the laws of the state, including the education of those representing themselves before the courts, paralegals and the continuing legal education of Alaskan lawyers after their admission to the Alaska Bar Association. Since becoming the 49th state of the United States on January 3, 1959 Alaska has not had a public, American Bar Association-accredited law school. A 1975 study by former Alaska Attorney General (1970–1973) John E. Havelock concluded that the state did not require a law school. Without a state law

neg: Miss Alaska Palin, rose through political ranks to become Governor of Alaska and the 2008 Republican vice-presidential nominee. Courtney Schuman of Anchorage was crowned Miss Alaska 2018 at Wendy Williams Theater on the UAA campus in Anchorage, Alaska. She will compete for the title of Miss America 2019 on September 9, 2018 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The year in brackets indicates the year of the Miss America competition the award/placement was garnered. Miss Alaska The Miss Alaska competition is a scholarship pageant that selects the representative for the state of Alaska in the Miss America pageant. Unlike most state-level pageants in

neg: Territorial evolution of North America since 1763 it its present-day borders. Nebraska Territory was admitted to the US as the 37th state, Nebraska. Canada was formed from three provinces of British North America: the Province of Canada, which was split into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. At this time, though, Canada did not become independent according to the modern meaning of the word. The Statute of Westminster 1931 made Canada much closer to being independent, but not completely. The United States purchased Alaska from Russia; it was designated the Department of Alaska, and corresponds, except for a

neg: Marvin Mangus is the second largest oil field in North American ( Wikipedia). Leaving ARCO in 1969, after largest oil find in North America, aka Prudhoe Bay, Mangus co-founded a private consultanting firm, Fackler, Calderwood, and Mangus (later Calderwood and Mangus, after Fackler took a state of Alaska Geology position). Fackler retired as a State of Alaska employee. Mangus did not anticipate that it would be almost ten years later before T.A.P.S. Trans Alaskan Oil Pipeline would become operational. After the death of his partner, Keith Calderwood, Mangus continued his consulting work solo. Keith died of cancer in his mid 50's. Calderwood

neg: Miss Alaska Miss Alaska The Miss Alaska competition is a scholarship pageant that selects the representative for the state of Alaska in the Miss America pageant. Unlike most state-level pageants in the Miss America system, Alaska allows any eligible woman to enter the Miss Alaska pageant without first having to win a local qualifying pageant. Alaska's highest placement occurred in 1998, when Joslyn Tinker was selected for the top ten. Miss Alaskas 1975 and 1978, Cindy Suryan and PJ Gentry respectively, were popular Anchorage television and radio personalities for many years. Miss Alaska 1976, Kathy (Tebow) Sharp, worked as a National Weather

neg: Tanana Valley State Fair leased from the University of Alaska. In 1936, the Matanuska Valley Fair formed in Palmer. It saw a name change in 1959 to the "Alaska State Fair" when Alaska was upgraded from a territory to a state in the United States of America. That same year, both fairs requested to be the "Official Alaska State Fair." Subsequently, the governor of Alaska determined the fairs would alternate the title with the Tanana Valley State Fair in Fairbanks using the title in even-numbered years and the Alaska State Fair in Palmer using the title in odd-numbered years. "Tanana Valley State Fair" was

neg: History of the Jews in Alaska War II brought a number of Jewish GIs to the Fairbanks area, the Blooms acted as “unofficial chaplains” and opened their home to many service members. Leopold David became the first mayor of Anchorage after it was legally incorporated in 1920. In 1939, Ernest Gruening was appointed governor of the Alaska Territory, a position he held until 1953. Often called "the father of Alaskan statehood", he lobbied and advocated intensely for Alaska to become a state. When it did, he became its first senator, elected to the United States Senate on November 25, 1958. In 1906, Russian-Jewish immigrant and Fairbanks

neg: Castro District, San Francisco California, was busy conducting business in the San Francisco Bay Area and Alaska – from the late 19th to the early 20th century –, both places had considerably large Finnish settlements. As the Governor of Russian America from 1858 to 1864, Finnish Johan Hampus Furuhjelm helped pave way for the American Alaska purchase, just like Gustave Niebaum did as the Consul of Russia for the United States in San Francisco in 1867 (at the time Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy of Russia), when Alaska became part of the United States of America. During his governorship of Russian America, Furuhjelm

neg: Green Party of Alaska Green Party of Alaska The Green Party of Alaska is the state party organization for Alaska of the Green Party of the United States of America. Alaska was the first state to gain Green Party ballot access, in 1990, when Jim Sykes ran for governor. Sykes had previously filed a ballot access lawsuit, citing an earlier case, "Vogler v. Miller". Like the Alaska Libertarian Party, the Green Party organizes local affiliate groups by regions of the state rather than election districts. It is known for calling these groups bioregions. The organized bioregions of the GPAK include the Southcentral Bioregion (Anchorage

neg: Green Party of Alaska two major parties would inevitably assign to this petition. Green Party of Alaska The Green Party of Alaska is the state party organization for Alaska of the Green Party of the United States of America. Alaska was the first state to gain Green Party ballot access, in 1990, when Jim Sykes ran for governor. Sykes had previously filed a ballot access lawsuit, citing an earlier case, "Vogler v. Miller". Like the Alaska Libertarian Party, the Green Party organizes local affiliate groups by regions of the state rather than election districts. It is known for calling these groups bioregions. The organized

neg: St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church (Juneau, Alaska) St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church (Juneau, Alaska) The St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church in Juneau, Alaska, United States, was built in 1893 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Now it is under Diocese of Alaska of the Orthodox Church in America Russians did not settle in the Juneau area while this territory was a Russian colony (1784–1867). Nor did the Russian Orthodox Church send missionaries to Juneau when the mining settlement started in 1881. But the Orthodox Church became strongly established here through the efforts of the local Tlingit leaders. In 1890, the Taku

neg: Alaska v. Amerada Hess met at the University of Alaska to draft the Alaska Constitution, a document that would not become effective until 1959, when Alaska became a state. Many of the delegates were aware that the new state would be heavily dependent upon development of its natural resources, an attitude typified by a speech made by Bob Bartlett, then Alaska's non-voting delegate to Congress: "The financial welfare of the future state and the well-being of its present and unborn citizens depend upon the wise administration and oversight of these [resource] development activities, [and] without adequate safeguards, the state of Alaska will wend a

neg: Michael Barone (pundit) and future Hispanic and other immigrants can become Americanized and assimilated, just as the Italians were. He is the author of several books: • "Shaping Our Nation: How Surges of Migration Transformed America and Its Politics" (Growth Forum, 2013) On November 11, 2008, Barone said journalists trashed Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, the Republicans' vice presidential nominee, because "she did not abort her Down syndrome baby." Barone was speaking at the Palmer House Hilton in Chicago to the 121st annual meeting of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges. Barone later confirmed making the remarks but claimed to

neg: Absolute Zero (film) Sci. In a couple of hours, everything within 30° north and south of the equator turns to absolute zero (–273 °C) turning Florida, Mexico, Central America, most of South America and Africa into an ice desert. They manage to survive although everything is frozen outside the room. When the polar shift is over and the sun appears again, they are rescued. As a consequence of polar shift, many people die and the world's climate changes completely—Northern Canada and Siberia become hot deserts; Greenland, Iceland, Northern Europe, New York City and State, Alaska, and Antarctica now have a tropical climate. The

neg: 1st Alaska State Legislature Archives 1st Alaska State Legislature The 1st Alaska State Legislature served during 1959 and 1960. All of its members were elected on November 25, 1958, when Alaska was in its last days as a territory. The Alaska Constitution established that legislative terms begin on the fourth Monday in January following an election year, and that the date may be changed by statute. This legislature passed Senate Bill 70 in the first session, which placed the date into statute but did not actually change it. Photos of individual and assembled members of the 1st Alaska State Legislature, as hosted at Alaska's

neg: 1st Alaska State Legislature 1st Alaska State Legislature The 1st Alaska State Legislature served during 1959 and 1960. All of its members were elected on November 25, 1958, when Alaska was in its last days as a territory. The Alaska Constitution established that legislative terms begin on the fourth Monday in January following an election year, and that the date may be changed by statute. This legislature passed Senate Bill 70 in the first session, which placed the date into statute but did not actually change it. Photos of individual and assembled members of the 1st Alaska State Legislature, as hosted at Alaska's Digital

neg: Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954 took place from February 1 to June 6 and ended the campaign. Statehood for Hawaii failed to gain much support in Congress until 1953 when the United States House of Representatives passed a statehood bill (which did not become law). Burns attempted to collaborate with Alaska, which was also pressing to become a state. Burns came under scrutiny by anti-communist Southern Democrats over the role of the Communist Party. Another factor against statehood was a strong possibility of a non-white senator and their opposition to racial segregation. Back in Hawaii, 93% of the population voted in support of statehood. When

neg: Hyder, Alaska the annual Hyder Seek gathering of long-distance motorcyclists who travel from all over North America each Memorial Day weekend. It became popular with long distance motorcycle riders in 1998 when author Ron Ayres set a record of riding to the contiguous 48 states in six days. Ayres went on to add to the 48-state record by continuing on to Hyder to establish a new 49-state record of 7 days, 0 hours and 20 minutes. Ayres named the new long distance ride the "48 Plus" and it has become popular with members of the long-distance motorcycle riding Iron Butt Association. Hyder

neg: Juneau, Alaska uses. The city and state supported Sealaska Heritage Institute in documenting the 78-acre site, and in August 2016 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. "It is the first traditional cultural property in Southeast Alaska to be placed on the register." Descendants of these indigenous cultures include the Tlingit people. Native cultures have rich artistic traditions expressed in carving, weaving, orating, singing, and dancing. Juneau has become a major social center for the Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian of Southeast Alaska. Although the Russians had a colony in the Alaska territory from 1784 to 1867, they did not

neg: Alaska Airlines issued a single operating certificate for a combined Alaska Airlines and Virgin America on January 11, 2018. The airlines merged into the same passenger service system on April 25, 2018, meaning that most of the customer-facing portions of the company (including flight numbers, website, mobile apps, and airport check-in kiosks) have a single brand: Alaska Airlines. Alaska expects to have the Virgin America brand fully retired in 2019. The acquisition did present one major issue for the Alaska Air Group: while Alaska operates an all-Boeing 737 fleet of aircraft, Virgin America operated an all-Airbus fleet. Even though the 737 and

neg: Gustave Niebaum Russia) — when Alaska was purchased to become part of the United States. During his Russian America governorship, Furuhjelm also put an end to the hostilities with the indigenous peoples of Alaska, and he succeeded in abolishing the Alaskan "Ice Treaty" with San Francisco. According to a contract which had been signed, Russian America had to deliver a certain amount of ice to San Francisco at a fixed price. The problem was that the product melted down on the way to the warmer climates. The ice contract became very awkward for the Russian colony. Furuhjelm arranged for a new contract

neg: Alaska Statehood Act the 1930s Alaska was plagued by the Depression. During this time, President Roosevelt did two significant things for Alaska. First he allowed for 1,000 selected farmers hurt by the depression to move to Alaska and colonize the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, being given a second chance at agricultural success. Second and more importantly, Roosevelt appointed Ernest Gruening as governor of Alaska in 1939. Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett, who was one of Alaska's territorial delegates to Congress from 1944 to 1958 when he became a US senator representing Alaska, would become one of Gruening's most important allies in supporting the cause for Alaskan

neg: Alaska Native art one might see boots or "mukluks" made of bearded seal skin for soles, salmon skin for the outer layer, and straps of caribou or deerskin, perhaps even dyed with berries. As Native people lived off the land and the sea, their relationships to a particular place could always be seen in their objects in both physical and metaphorical terms. As traditions evolved through more "westernization" with Russian America in the 17th century and Territorial Alaska beginning in 1867 and finally the creation of Alaska as our 49th State in 1959, so did their art forms. All are continually evolving, blurring

neg: Indian termination policy repealed the Tiwa Indians Act, and specifically prohibited all gaming activities prohibited by the laws of the state of Texas. Because Alaska was not granted statehood until 1959, Native American issues played out differently there. The discovery of oil in the Kenai Peninsula and Cook Inlet regions in 1957, and along the North Slope in 1968, brought the issue of native land ownership to the forefront of a conflict over state land selection. In 1936, the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) was extended to include the Alaskan natives. As Alaska did not become a state until 1959, the Alaskan Natives were

neg: Diocese of Western Canada and Alaska the Anglican Church in North America outside the United States and Canada. It was decided to extinct the diocese, due to his small size, and to incorporate her at the Diocese of Mid-America, as the Convocation of the West and Western Canada, of which is now a member. Charles Dorrington become an Assisting Bishop for Canada and Cuba at his new diocese. Diocese of Western Canada and Alaska The Diocese of Western Canada and Alaska is a former diocese of the Reformed Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church in North America, currently part of the Diocese of Mid-America, with the

neg: 1964 United States presidential election in Alaska election when Alaska has ever voted for a Democratic candidate, partially due to Johnson’s landslide victory throughout the rest of the country (except for the Deep South and Goldwater’s home state), and partially because during its first four presidential elections Alaska was not anomalously Republican relative to the nation at-large, which the state would become and remain very strongly from 1976 onwards. Indeed, despite Johnson’s landslide, Alaska came out of the 1964 election as 4.63 percent more Democratic than the nation at-large on a two-party basis. At a more local level, all boroughs and census areas voted for Johnson, and

neg: Council, Alaska was shortened to Council. It did not appear on the 1930 census, but returned again in 1940 and 1950. It did not appear again until 1990 when it was classified an Alaska Native Village Statistical Area (ANVSA). It has reported a population of zero in 2000 and 2010. Council, Alaska Council is an abandoned townsite in the Nome Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It has a population of zero as of the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses. Council is located at about , about 57 miles east by northeast of Nome. It is located on the banks

neg: Alaska State Capitol Alaska State Capitol The Alaska State Capitol is the building that hosts the Alaska Legislature, Governor of Alaska and Lieutenant Governor of Alaska. Located in the state's capital, Juneau, the building was opened on February 14, 1931 as a federal building. After Alaska gained statehood, the building served as the home for the Alaska Legislature. Upon the purchase of Russian America, Sitka, Alaska became the Territory Capitol in 1867. After the capitol was moved to Juneau, the Legislature met in rented rooms around the city. Construction for a capitol building was partly funded by the United States Congress, but they

neg: Alaska Baptist Convention church was founded by soldiers at nearby Fort Richardson, and later started a number of sister churches in Alaska. The ABC was formed in 1946 as the union of several Alaskan Baptist churches. Although it petitioned the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) for recognition as a state convention in 1947, the SBC did not formally recognize the ABC until 1951, after the ABC had submitted a second petition for recognition in 1950. An amendment to the SBC's constitution had been required in order to allow the ABC, and several other small state conventions, to become associated with the SBC. In the

neg: Alaska marmot 2 Marmot Day. The bill, introduced by Senator Linda Menard, said, "It made sense for the marmot to become Alaska's version of Punxsutawney Phil, the Pennsylvania groundhog famed for his winter weather forecasts." She did not expect marmots to have any weather forecasting duties but rather hoped that the state would create educational activities regarding the marmot. The status of Alaska marmots is not well known due to the difficulties in finding them in their natural habitats. According to IUCN, the Alaska marmot is considered to be of "least concern" status, signifying relatively low concern in terms of the dangers

neg: Political positions of Sarah Palin Although she believes Barack Obama was born in Hawaii, she did give praise to Donald Trump's questions regarding Barack Obama's birth certificate saying, "There is something there that the president doesn't want people to see on that birth certificate." Palin opposes both same-sex marriage and civil unions. While campaigning for election as Governor of Alaska in 2006, Palin declared that she supported the 1998 Alaska constitutional amendment that proposed adding "...a marriage may exist only between one man and one woman" to the Alaskan constitution in order to ensure that same-sex marriage did not become legal in that state. Palin

neg: Same-sex marriage in Alaska March 1996, State Senator Lynda Green introduced Senate Bill 30 in the Alaska Senate, which restricted marriage to "a civil contract between one man and one woman" and forbade the recognition of same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. The bill noted that marriage benefits were not be awarded to same-sex couples in Alaska. It passed the Senate Health Committee, the Senate and the House shortly thereafter. Governor Tony Knowles did not veto the bill, but allowed it to become law without his signature on May 6, 1996. In 1998, the Legislature passed Ballot Measure 2, a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, which

neg: 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses for him in Anchorage). At a rally in Wisconsin on March 26, Sanders told supporters “We knew from day one that politically we were going to have a hard time in the Deep South, but we knew things were going to improve when we headed west.” 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses The 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses were held on March 26 in the U.S. state of Alaska as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, Democratic caucuses were held in Hawaii and in the state of Washington. The Republican Party did not

neg: Alaska Air National Guard reverted to ownership by the State of Alaska, which as of April 2011 had not yet announced plans for the property. Alaska Air National Guard The Alaska Air National Guard (AK ANG) is the air militia of the State of Alaska, United States of America. It is, along with the Alaska Army National Guard, an element of the Alaska National Guard. As state military units, the units in the Alaska Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alaska though the

neg: Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt threat. Roosevelt sought a close relationship with Britain to ensure peaceful, shared hegemony over the Western hemisphere. With the British acceptance of the Monroe Doctrine and American acceptance of the British control of Canada, only two potential major issues remained between the U.S. and Britain: construction of a canal across Central America and the Alaska boundary dispute. Under McKinley, Secretary of State Hay had negotiated the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty, in which the British consented to U.S. construction of the canal. Roosevelt won Senate ratification of the treaty in December 1901. The boundary between Alaska and Canada had become an issue in

neg: Legal status of Alaska Legal status of Alaska The legal status of Alaska is the standing of Alaska as a political entity. Generally, the debate has primarily surrounded the legal status of Alaska relative to the United States of America. Alaska is considered to be a state of the United States of America. Nonetheless, Alaska's legal status within the Union has been disputed at times, most recently by a movement launched by Joe Vogler and the Alaskan Independence Party (AIP). In disputes over the legal status of Alaska, a key issue has been the tension between its "de facto" and "de jure" international standing.

neg: Debbe Ebben as Miss Chugiak/Eagle River 2012, and Miss Forget Me Not 2011. She represented Alaska in Miss America 2013. She attended Chugiak High School, attended the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and currently studying to become a Child Life Specialist. Debbe Ebben Debbe Jo Ebben (born 1988) is an American beauty pageant titleholder who was named Miss Alaska 2012. Debbe Jo Ebben had been participating in the Miss Alaska pageant since 2007, winning the title on June 16, 2012. In addition, she was awarded Top Interview, Top On-Stage Question, Quality of Life Award, Miss America Community Service Award, and the Miracle Maker

neg: Alaska Law Review distributes a copy of the "Alaska Law Review" to every one of its members, numbering approximately 3000 lawyers in 2008, the "Alaska Law Review" is "one of the most widely circulated law journals" in America. Alaska Law Review The Alaska Law Review is an academic law journal that is devoted to legal issues relating to the State of Alaska. First published in 1971, since 1984 it has been published by students at Duke Law School in Durham, North Carolina every June and December. The journal is not published in Alaska, because no law school operates within the state. The "Alaska

neg: Department of Alaska Department of Alaska The Department of Alaska was the designation for the government of Alaska from its purchase by the United States of America in 1867 until its organization as the District of Alaska in 1884. During the department era, Alaska was variously under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army (until 1877), the U.S. Dept. of the Treasury (from 1877 until 1879) and the U.S. Navy (from 1879 until 1884). The area later became the District of Alaska, then the Territory of Alaska, then the State of Alaska. At the instigation of U.S. Secretary of State William Seward, the United

neg: Alaska Air National Guard Alaska Air National Guard The Alaska Air National Guard (AK ANG) is the air militia of the State of Alaska, United States of America. It is, along with the Alaska Army National Guard, an element of the Alaska National Guard. As state military units, the units in the Alaska Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alaska though the office of the Alaska Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Alaska

neg: Puccinellia nutkaensis high tides and storm surges. "Puccinellia nutkaensis" is a perennial bunchgrass which is quite variable in appearance, taking a petite, clumpy form or growing erect to 90 centimeters in height with robust inflorescences. It sometimes roots at stem nodes that become buried in moist substrate, and forms dense stands. A species of leafhopper, "Macrosteles fascifrons", is associated with this grass in Alaska, remaining on the grass even when it is submerged amid icebergs. Puccinellia nutkaensis Puccinellia nutkaensis is a species of grass known by the common names Nootka alkaligrass and Alaska alkali grass. It is native to North America from

neg: Fox Islands (Alaska) Fox Islands (Alaska) The Fox Islands are a group of islands in the eastern Aleutian Islands of the U.S. state of Alaska. The Fox Islands are the closest to mainland North America in the Aleutian chain, and just east of Samalga Pass and the Islands of Four Mountains group. Inhabited by the Aleut for centuries, the islands, along with the rest of the Aleutians, were first visited by Europeans in 1741, when a Danish navigator employed by the Imperial Russian Navy, Vitus Bering, was searching for new sources of fur for Russian fur trappers. Foggy almost all year round, the

neg: Unorganized Borough, Alaska Borough are operated either by cities, in those limited instances when the city has chosen to undertake those powers, or through the general guidance of the state Department of Education under the auspices of Rural Education Attendance Areas. During the 1950s, when the push for the territory of Alaska to become a state was at its height, any municipal government was extremely limited and scattered. Territory-wide, there were no more than a few dozen incorporated cities, and a small handful of service districts, broken into public utility districts and independent school districts. The service districts were authorized by the territorial

neg: Alaska Purchase added of new territory to the United States. Reactions to the purchase in the United States were mostly positive; some opponents called it "Seward's Folly" (after Secretary of State William H. Seward), while others praised the move for weakening both the UK and Russia as rivals to American commercial expansion in the Pacific region. Originally organized as the Department of Alaska, the area was renamed the District of Alaska and the Alaska Territory before becoming the modern state of Alaska upon being admitted to the Union as a state in 1959. Russian America was settled by "promyshlenniki", merchants and fur

neg: Matanuska Valley Colony additional records of 11 years from 5 stations (including one at Wasilla and one at Eluktna - the Anchorage Power Plant, established May 1941). The findings: Currently, the town of Palmer, Alaska, which descended from the Matanuska Valley colonists, is home to many of the children of the settlers. Some of the original structures from the colony, including a church and barn, have been moved to the Alaska State Fairgrounds. Other remnants of the colony include the lush crops of the valley. Although the colony was not a booming success, it did become stable enough to provide dairy and farming.

neg: Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Alaska Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Alaska The Diocese of Alaska is a diocese of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA). Its territory includes parishes, monasteries, and missions located in Alaska. The diocesan chancery is located in Anchorage. The Diocese was founded when Alaska was part of Russia and is one of the oldest in the United States. The Church of the Holy Ascension (1826), which belongs to the Diocese, is one of the oldest American churches. Altogether, twenty-three churches are listed on the National Register of Historic Places; thirty churches are considered National Historic Landmarks. As of 2013, the

neg: 2004 United States Senate election in Alaska 2004 United States Senate election in Alaska The 2004 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2004 alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives, various state and local elections, and the presidential election of that year. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski of Anchorage, sought election to her first full term after being appointed to serve out the rest of her father's unexpired term when he resigned in December 2002 to become Governor of Alaska. Her main challenger was Democratic former

neg: History of Fairbanks, Alaska Lathrop High (originally Fairbanks High), also began operating in 1955. In the four years that followed, four new elementary schools opened, taking the burden off Main School, which became Main Junior High School. During the 1950s, agitation grew in Alaska for the territory to become a state. Alaskans could not vote in presidential elections and had a territorial legislature with limited powers. Efforts to lobby federal legislators for an Alaska statehood bill met with limited success, so prominent territorial officials decided to draft a state constitution to prove Alaska's readiness to become a state. On November 8, 1955, 55 elected

neg: Alaska (singer) Alaska (singer) María Olvido Gara Jova (born June 13, 1963) better known as Alaska is a Spanish-Mexican singer, DJ, and television personality famous in Spain and Latin America. She was one of the founding members of the La Movida Madrileña, the cultural and artistic movement that followed the end of Francoist Spain. This movement, in which music, the arts, cinema and fashion erupted and collided to show what Spain had become under Franco. She has participated, since the late 1970s, in several music groups: Kaka de Luxe 1977, Alaska y los Pegamoides 1980, Alaska y Dinarama 1983, and since 1989,

neg: Russian America Russian America Russian America (, "Russkaya Amerika") was the name of the Russian colonial possessions in North America from 1733 to 1867. Its capital was Novo-Archangelsk ("New Arkhangelsk"), which is now Sitka, Alaska, USA. Settlements spanned parts of what are now the U.S. states of California, Alaska and two ports in Hawaii. Formal incorporation of the possessions by Russia did not take place until the Ukase of 1799 which established a monopoly for the Russian–American Company and also granted the Russian Orthodox Church certain rights in the new possessions. Many of its possessions were abandoned in the 19th century. In

neg: The Diller Hotel until 1897 when gold was found in Alaska and Seattle had become known as the "Gateway to Alaska" for miners and workers to and from Alaska. The Klondike Gold Rush not only was responsible for the major growth the Seattle as a city but also helped many businesses including the Diller Hotel. In 1916, Washington State declared a prohibition policy which resulted in the ban of the sale of alcohol statewide; this was three years earlier than the United States passed the Eighteenth Amendment and entered the Prohibition Era which lasted from 1919 to 1933. As a result to the

neg: Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood (née Wanamaker), member and grand president of the ANS, did organizing, wrote petitions, and testified to the state senate in 1945 for civil rights of Alaska Natives. She helped win passage of the 1945 state anti-discrimination act. In 1988, the State of Alaska designated a state holiday, February 16, on the anniversary of passage of the bill, designating it "Elizabeth Peratrovich Day". In 2005, the organization opposed U.S. federal law that makes the collection and ownership of bald eagle feathers illegal, as these have been integral to spiritual and cultural practices of Alaska Natives. Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood The Alaska Native

neg: Former colonies and territories in Canada three provinces of British North America, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which would become Ontario and Quebec) united to form the new nation. Full independence came with the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and the Canada Act in 1982. Since 1867, Canada's external borders have changed several times, and had grown from four initial provinces to ten provinces and three territories by 1999. Territorial evolution included the use of Numbered Treaties. The Alaska boundary dispute, simmering since the Alaska purchase of 1867, became critical when gold was discovered in the Yukon during the late 1890s and

neg: St. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska) St. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska) St. Michael's Cathedral ( "Sobor Arkhangela Mikhaila", also known as the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel) is a cathedral of the Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Alaska, at Lincoln and Matsoutoff Streets in Sitka, Alaska. The earliest Orthodox cathedral in the New World, it was built in the nineteenth century, when Alaska was under the control of Russia. After 1872, the cathedral came under the control of the Diocese of Alaska. It has been a National Historic Landmark since 1962, notable as an important legacy of Russian influence in North America and Southeast

neg: Kalevala (corvette) At that time, a bay in the area was named after Kalevala. It is located in the Posjet Bay, which is a part of the Peter the Great Gulf. Russian America was the name of Russian colonial possessions in North America from 1733 to 1867, that today is the U.S. State of Alaska and settlements in California (1) and Hawaii (3 - starting in 1817) (distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of Oceania). Formal incorporation of the possessions by Russia did not take place until the establishment

neg: Alaska Raptor Center Alaska Raptor Center The Alaska Raptor Center is a raptor rehabilitation center in Sitka in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located on a 17–acre campus bordering the Tongass National Forest and the Indian River, its primary mission is the rehabilitation of sick and injured eagles, hawks, falcons, owls, and other birds of prey which are brought in from all over Alaska. The Center (the largest of its type in the state, and one of the largest in North America) receives between 100–200 birds a year, with many suffering from gunshot wounds and traffic accident-related trauma. Most of the birds arriving

neg: Alaska Clean Water Initiative rivers and prohibits even the use of any amount of any "toxic agent that may be harmful". It applies to any mining operations larger than , although it has no effect on operations conducted under currently issued mining permits. In June 2006, Alaska Lieutenant Governor Sean Parnell denied the application on grounds that it would act as an illegal appropriation of state lands. By the Alaska State Constitution, only a vote of the Alaska Legislature can appropriate state lands. Initiative backers appealed to the Alaska Superior Court, which in October 2007 ruled that the initiative did not violate the Alaska

neg: 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses The 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses were held on March 26 in the U.S. state of Alaska as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, Democratic caucuses were held in Hawaii and in the state of Washington. The Republican Party did not hold any primaries that day; their own Alaska caucuses took place on March 1, 2016. Alaska gave Sanders his largest win outside of his home state of Vermont. He won 80% of the vote and 82% of the state convention delegates, and carried every borough and

neg: Keith Harvey Miller Keith Harvey Miller Keith Harvey Miller (born March 1, 1925) is an American Republican politician from Alaska. Miller was the second secretary of state of Alaska of Alaska under Walter Hickel. He became the third governor of Alaska after Hickel’s resignation. He served as Secretary of State of Alaska, as the state’s Lieutenant Governor was called until 1970, from 1966 until Hickel resigned to become United States Secretary of the Interior under President Richard M. Nixon, on January 29, 1969. Under Governor Miller, Alaska completed the sale of land leases in Prudhoe Bay, which brought a windfall of $900 million.

neg: Athabaskan fiddle "Athabascan Fiddling Festival" held annually in November in Fairbanks. The festival was instituted in 1983 by the Alaska State Council on the Arts (ASCA) and the Institute of Alaska Native Art and continues as a vital. This festival is described a testament to the far-reaching appeal of traditional music and he festival features Athabaskan and Eskimo (Yup'ik and Iñupiaq) fiddlers. When Bill Stevens returned to Alaska in 1982, he became instrumental in the development of this festival. He continues to participate in this now annual four-day celebration which has become a major cultural event for the people of the Interior.

neg: Gustave Niebaum 2007, Gustave Niebaum was posthumously inducted into the Culinary Institute of America's Vintner's Hall of Fame. At the time when Gustave Niebaum was busy conducting business in the San Francisco Bay Area and Alaska - from late 19th to early 20th century -, both places had considerably large Finnish settlements. As the Governor in Russian America from 1858 to 1864, Finnish Johan Hampus Furuhjelm helped pave way for the Alaska Purchase, just as Gustave Niebaum did, as the Consul of Imperial Russia in the United States in 1867 (at the time Finland was the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland of

neg: Alaska the action of the sea is directed". Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the Eastern Hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called "the Lower 48". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent

neg: Politics of Alaska of the political debate centered on whether Alaska would become a Democratic or Republican-leaning state. Conventional wisdom had it that, with its penchant for new ideas and dependence on the Federal Government largess for basic needs, it would become a Democratic stronghold, about which Republicans, and the Republican Administration of Dwight Eisenhower had reservations. Given time, those fears proved unfounded. With the discovery of petroleum in Alaska, the liberal political majority in Alaska quickly came to an end. Six Republicans and four Democrats have served as governor of Alaska. In addition, Republican Governor Wally Hickel was elected to the office

neg: Basic income The third component, "agency," refers to the lens through which the Indian government views the poor. According to the Survey, by treating the poor as agents rather than subjects, UBI "liberates citizens from paternalistic and clientelistic relationships with the state." The Permanent Fund of Alaska in the United States provides a kind of basic income, based on the oil and gas revenues of the state, to (nearly) all state residents. During her 2016 presidential campaign, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, along with her husband, considered including a policy similar to the Alaska Permanent Fund called "Alaska for America"

neg: Robert B. Atwood Building the Enserch Center in September 1985 and later renamed again as the Bank of America Center. Most recently it was named after Robert Bruce Atwood, an Alaska statehood activist and "Anchorage Times" editor and publisher. Robert B. Atwood Building The Robert B. Atwood Building is an office building located at 550 West 7th Avenue in Downtown Anchorage, Alaska. The building houses government offices for the State of Alaska. Standing at 20 stories and 81 m (265 ft), it is the second-tallest building in Alaska. The building was formerly known as the "Bank of America Center". Together with the slightly taller

neg: Territorial evolution of North America since 1763 boundary dispute, to present-day Alaska. The United States Senate approved the purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (US$ in 2019) on April 9, 1867. Wyoming Territory was formed from portions of Dakota, Idaho, and Utah Territories, corresponding to the present-day borders of Wyoming. Idaho Territory then corresponds to present day Idaho, and Utah Territory to present-day Utah. The Mexican state of Hidalgo was split from the state of México. The Mexican state of Morelos was split from the state of México. The United Kingdom ceded most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with Rupert's Land and

neg: Castro District, San Francisco corner of Douglass and Caselli Avenue at 250 Douglass which is commonly referenced as the Caselli Mansion. It survived the 1906 earthquake and fire which destroyed a large portion of San Francisco. Up to the 19th century, the areal possession of the Russian Empire in North America included the modern-day U.S. state of Alaska and settlements in the modern-day U.S. states of California (1 settlement) and Hawaii (3 settlements, starting in 1817). These Russian possessions were collectively and officially referred to by the name Russian America from 1733 to 1867. Formal incorporation of the possessions by Russia did not take

neg: Alaska Native languages learn through university campus classes. These languages are not limited solely to Alaska since their speakers were among northern North America before state and country borders were established. One of these Athabaskan languages is documented to be found in Southeast Alaska, along the interior and eastern border of Alaska, into Northern Canada, and then on into Western Greenland.。 Alaska Native languages For the Alaska Native languages, the years from 1960 to 1970 were, in Michael E. Krauss's words, "a transitional period of rebirth of interest in Alaska Native languages and a shift of developments in their favor". At the time

neg: Legal education in Alaska Benefit From Homegrown Lawyers, Judges", calling for Alaska to begin educating its own attorneys. He noted that Alaska had the highest number of lawyers and the smallest number law students per capita of the small Western states (Alaska, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming), attributing the latter to the cost of out-of-state tuition and opposition from student spouses (who did not want to leave Alaska). Wickersham was also concerned that, in addition to leaving their home state, Alaskan law students had to "learn the laws of some other state" before learning local laws (such as the Alaska Constitution, the

neg: 2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses census area in the state by landslide margins. He swept Democratic strongholds - including sparsely populated areas in the Bush - as well as GOP strongholds such as Fairbanks and surrounding Interior Alaska, Anchorage on the Kenai Peninsula, and Juneau in the Southeast. A Sanders win in Alaska was expected, since he generally performed well in caucus states, in majority white electorates, and in the Pacific Northwest. Also, Clinton had lost the state eight years before to Barack Obama, and she did not campaign personally in the state (Sanders did not either, but he sent his wife Jane to campaign

neg: Alaska State Troopers highways of Alaska and did not visit remote areas or regions. They were commissioned to only enforce traffic laws and were not police officers per se. They were eventually deputized as special deputy U.S. Marshals to fill this void in jurisdiction. The legislature refused to make them police officers until the agency was changed to Territorial Police and additional personnel were hired from the ranks of the U.S. Marshals. The new agency became the Alaska Territorial Police in 1953 after a number of titles. Other titles were the Alaska State Police after statehood in 1959, and ultimately the Alaska State

neg: Kiwalik, Alaska and dilapidated, filled with rusty hulks, trash and broken down buildings. Kiwalik first reported on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated Inuit village of "Kugalukmute." It did not appear on the census again until 1930, when it reported as "Keewalik." It reported again as Keewalik in 1940. It has not reported separately since. Kiwalik, Alaska Kiwalik (sometimes written "Keewalik") is an unincorporated community in the Northwest Arctic Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located where the Kiwalik River flows into Kotzebue Sound on the Seward Peninsula, south of Kotzebue. Kiwalik was once a small community that

neg: Kodiak, Alaska team was led by 3-time state individual champion Trevor Dunbar, who ran for the University of Oregon. Kristy Klinnert was the Alaska State Cross-Country Running Champion from 1983–1987. She set and still holds the State record in the 3200. For two years in a row, she won the State Championship in the mile and 3200. In 1986, Kristi was named the Alaska Sports Person of the Year. Kodiak is also home to Saint Herman's Orthodox Theological Seminary, a theological school founded in 1972 under the auspices of the Orthodox Church in America. Students from villages all over southern and southwestern

neg: History of South America Asia who crossed the Bering Land Bridge to present-day Alaska; the land separated and the continents are divided by the Bering Strait. Over the course of millennia, three waves of migrants spread to all parts of the Americas. Genetic and linguistic evidence has shown that the last wave of migrant peoples settled across the northern tier, and did not reach South America. The first evidence for the existence of agricultural practices in South America dates back to circa 6500 BCE, when potatoes, chilies and beans began to be cultivated for food in the Amazon Basin. Pottery evidence suggests that manioc,

neg: Canada Alaska Railway into Alaska to join the federally-owned Alaska state railroad. An Alaska state study outlined numerous economic benefits from developing mineral resources and suggested it could become a trunk line to Alaska ports. Although preliminary studies showed the project financially feasible and environmentally sound, the BC government displayed no appetite for further financial commitments. It regarded financing as primarily the responsibility of the U.S. federal and Alaskan governments, with some contribution by the Canadian government. The prohibitive $2-billion cost put an indefinite damper on building the link. Refer to more recent proposals. A 2006 study indicated a capital cost at $10.5

neg: Alaska Alaska Alaska (; ; ; ) is a U.S. state in the northwest extremity of North America. The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) to the west across the Bering Strait. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas—the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest. It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in

neg: Alaska Wild of Alaska on May 4, 2006 with the goal of bringing professional level sports including professional football to the state of Alaska. At that time, Alaska was the only state in the United States that did not have football played above the high school level or basketball played above the collegiate level. The original APS Business Plan was written by David Weatherholt during the winter and spring of 2005–2006. In 2007, the Alaska Wild Indoor Football Team began play and APS purchased an indoor flag football league from Rick Quattlebaum and formed a development league called the Alaska Indoor Flag

neg: History of South Dakota History of South Dakota The history of South Dakota describes the history of the U.S. state of South Dakota over the course of several millennia, from its first inhabitants to the recent issues facing the state. Human beings have lived in what is today South Dakota for at least several thousand years. Early hunters first entered North America at least 17,000 years ago via the Bering land bridge, which existed during the last ice age and connected Siberia with Alaska. Early settlers in what would become South Dakota were nomadic hunter-gatherers, using primitive Stone Age technology to hunt large prehistoric

neg: Don Young and in 2009 voted against sexual orientation being enforced as a protected status against hate crimes. Young has been given a 0% score on gay rights by the HRC. When asked about the fact that the state of Alaska has the highest suicide rate in America per capita, Young has stated that he believes the high suicide rates are at least partially the result of government handouts, and that "this suicide problem didn't exist until we got largesse from the government." He believes Alaska needs to cut public assistance programs. On October 21, 2014, Young addressed an assembly of students

neg: Bruce Botelho Rural Justice and Law Enforcement Commission, is a director of the Alaska Municipal League and president of the Alaska Conference of Mayors. He is a former trustee of the Alaska Permanent Fund, an original trustee of the Alaska Children's Trust, and former chair of the Conference of Western Attorneys General. He has been an active participant in Scouting, having served as president of the Southeast Alaska Area Council, Boy Scouts of America and in numerous other volunteer Scouting capacities. Bruce Botelho Bruce M. Botelho (born October 6, 1948) is an American attorney and politician in the U.S. state of Alaska.

neg: Legal education in Alaska school, Alaska did not receive a 2001 distribution of the complete legal papers of Abraham Lincoln and the "Alaska Law Review" has been published outside Alaska. As of 2013 Alaska was the only state without a law school, and Alaskans spent three years outside their home state to earn a law degree. A $1-million donation was made in 1999 to the Seattle University School of Law on behalf of Alaskan law students. In June 2013, the Seattle University School of Law announced that they would work with the University of Alaska Anchorage to develop an American Bar Association-accredited law program

neg: Alaska Natives rights in the state of Alaska. Below is a full list of the different Alaska Native cultures, which are largely defined by their historic languages. Within each culture are many different tribes. Links 1 & 5 are stale 1. ^ Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development. (2006). "Table 1.8 Alaska Native American Population Alone By Age And Male/Female, July 1, 2006." Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development, Research & Analysis. Retrieved on 2007-05-23. 2. ^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Alan (2001) American Colonies: The Settling of North America Penguin Books, New York p. 452 3. Jump

neg: Miss Alaska USA titleholders and two were former Miss Alaska titleholders who competed at Miss America. The pageant has been held in both Anchorage and Fairbanks, where it was held in conjunction with Winter Carnival. The current Miss Alaska USA titleholder is JoEllen Walters of Eagle River. Miss Alaska USA The Miss Alaska USA competition, previously known as Miss Alaska Universe, is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Alaska in the Miss USA pageant and the name of the title held by its winner. Alaska's highest placement was in 1964, with Patricia Marlin as the second runner up. Alaska's most

neg: One Thousand Children Robert F. Wagner (D-N.Y.) and Rep. Edith Rogers (R-Mass.), failed to get Congressional approval in 1939. Jewish organizations did not feel able to challenge this decision. The full story of the failure of the Wagner-Rogers bill shows the power of the isolationist (and antisemitic?) forces at that time. Even the Ickes plan for settling Jews in Alaska, known as the Slattery Report, did not come to any success. Furthermore, the State Department had a deliberately obstructionist ""Paper Walls"" policy in operation to delay or prevent the issuing of any officially permitted visas for all refugees who desired entry to America.",

neg: Kesugi Ridge Trail Kesugi Ridge Trail Kesugi Ridge Trail is a through hike in Denali State Park, Alaska, United States. While there are many hiking trails in Alaska, Kesugi Ridge offers views and unique geological features. When the weather is right, visitors can see Denali, the tallest mountain in North America. The trail is long. There are four different access points along the Parks Highway from mile 137.6 to mile 163.9. The trail starts below treeline of spruce trees, and works it way up to the alpine tundra, along the ridge. This hike can be considered difficult because of the elevation gain and

neg: Enabling Act of 1802 United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess. 2, ch. 7, ). This act did not purport to admit the state, but declared that Ohio, by the formation of its constitution in pursuance of the act of April 30, 1802, "has become one of the United States of America." Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", () which designated March 1, 1803, as that date. Along with the extensively discussed

neg: Jean Frances Howard to provide the tests, Howard was made a "special" test administrator. Despite an added responsibility on top of her dispatcher position, Howard was still paid her original salary. After Alaska ratified the Equal Rights Amendment, she applied to become an Alaska state trooper. She passed the required tests and on September 17, 1969, Howard became the first woman state trooper in Alaska. She also became "the first unrestricted state officer in the United States". Upon becoming a state trooper, Howard denied being a "women's rights advocate", and that "it just sorta happened", referring to her becoming a trooper. In 2009,

neg: KXXJ new KXXJ calls. KXXJ KXXJ is a classic hits formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Juneau, Alaska, serving Southeast Alaska. KXXJ is owned and operated by Alaska Broadcast Communications. Launched in 2006 as KTNL. In 2007, the callsign was changed to KXLJ, which became an affiliate for Air America. When Air America went under in 2010, KXLJ became an ESPN Radio affiliate. On May 12, 2011, Seattle Streaming Radio, LLC sold KXLJ to Alaska Broadcast Communications for $250,000. On July 1, 2011, KXLJ changed formats to classic hits as "1330 KXJ", a "nod" to Los Angeles's KHJ from the 60s

neg: KXXJ KXXJ KXXJ is a classic hits formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Juneau, Alaska, serving Southeast Alaska. KXXJ is owned and operated by Alaska Broadcast Communications. Launched in 2006 as KTNL. In 2007, the callsign was changed to KXLJ, which became an affiliate for Air America. When Air America went under in 2010, KXLJ became an ESPN Radio affiliate. On May 12, 2011, Seattle Streaming Radio, LLC sold KXLJ to Alaska Broadcast Communications for $250,000. On July 1, 2011, KXLJ changed formats to classic hits as "1330 KXJ", a "nod" to Los Angeles's KHJ from the 60s and 70s, under

neg: American frontier four years. Fearful of takeover of Alaska (then Russian America) from the British Army based in British North America and due to lack of economic interests, the Russian Empire, which had established a presence in Alaska in the mid-18th century, was eager to get rid of the territory. They first approached the United States about selling the territory in the late 1850s, but negotiations were stalled by the outbreak of the Civil War. After 1865, Secretary of State William Seward, a supporter of territorial expansion, was eager to acquire the tremendous landmass of Alaska, an area roughly one-fifth the size

neg: Alaska rabbit profitable in the fur trades of that time. They did not achieve this goal, and instead ended up with the black Alaska that is known today. These black Alaskans were first shown in 1907, and imported to North America in the 1970s by Bert Reurs of Canada. They were added into the American Rabbit Breeders Standard, but removed in 1981 after little interest in the breed developed. The Alaska rabbit weighs 7-9 lbs. It is considered a Normal Fur breed by British Rabbit Council standards, and only comes in its standard, pitch black color. The Alaska Rabbit Club is the

neg: Alaska Interconnection the three other major interconnections--the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection--both in physical area and electricity generated. In 2015, the Alaska interconnection generated 2,601 gigawatt hours of electricity, with natural gas accounting for 1,219 GWh, while the US State of Washington alone--part of the Western Interconnection--generated 47,385 GWh. While both parts of the Alaska Interconnection have no connection to remaining interconnections of North America, all generating units connected to both of its grids generate at a synchronous speed of 60 Hz, the frequency common to North America. Electricity is also delivered to homes and small businesses in

neg: Alaska Range Alaska Range The Alaska Range is a relatively narrow, 650-km-long (400 mi) mountain range in the southcentral region of the U.S. state of Alaska, from Lake Clark at its southwest end to the White River in Canada's Yukon Territory in the southeast. The highest mountain in North America, Denali, is in the Alaska Range. It is part of the American Cordillera. The range is the highest in the world outside Asia and the Andes. The range forms a generally east-west arc with its northernmost part in the center, and from there trending southwest towards the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutians,

neg: Russian America that line. This division was repeated in the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, a parallel agreement with the British in 1825 (which also settled most of the border with British North America). However, the agreements soon went by the wayside, and with the retirement of Alexandr Baranov in 1818, the Russian hold on Alaska was further weakened. When the Russian-American Company's charter was renewed in 1821, it stipulated that the chief managers from then on be naval officers. Most naval officers did not have any experience in the fur trade, so the company suffered. The second charter also tried to cut

neg: Kivalina, Alaska were prominently featured in The 2015 Weather Channel documentary "Alaska: State of Emergency" hosted by Dave Malkoff. Kivalina was one of the two towns featured in the Al Jazeera English "Fault Lines" documentary, "When the Water Took the Land." The community, who were originally nomadic, were given an ultimatum that they would have to settle in the permanent community or their children would be taken from them. The village's plight was also examined in "Kivalina", an hourlong documentary released as part of the PBS World series "America ReFramed". The McQueen School, operated by the Northwest Arctic Borough School District, serves

neg: Kesugi Ridge Trail This route is a fairly easy 6.2 miles round trip and hikers can experience the rock formations and a small lake at the end of the trail. The Byers Lake Trail-head is located within Byers Lake Campground, which is a convenient ending or starting point. Kesugi Ridge Trail Kesugi Ridge Trail is a through hike in Denali State Park, Alaska, United States. While there are many hiking trails in Alaska, Kesugi Ridge offers views and unique geological features. When the weather is right, visitors can see Denali, the tallest mountain in North America. The trail is long. There are four

neg: San Jose International Airport Airbus A330-200, but both carriers ended service in 2018. In the wake of its acquisition of Virgin America, Alaska Airlines grew quickly at Mineta Airport as well as San Francisco International Airport between 2015 and 2018, adding intra-state cities like Orange County, Los Angeles, and San Diego, along with east coast destinations Newark and New York-JFK. Alaska has designated SJC a focus city in several articles when announcing new destinations. Other domestic carriers have also increased service or returned to the airport. JetBlue restarted flights to Long Beach. Frontier Airlines resumed service to Denver and began flights to Las Vegas.