query: who was in charge of the texas army at the alamo

pos: Battle of the Alamo 21, 1836, ending the revolution. Several months previously, Texians had driven all Mexican troops out of Mexican Texas. About 100 Texians were then garrisoned at the Alamo. The Texian force grew slightly with the arrival of reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Béxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas. For the next 10 days, the two armies engaged in several skirmishes with minimal casualties. Aware that his garrison could not withstand an attack by such a large force, Travis

pos: San Antonio his departure, the joint command of William Barrett Travis and James Bowie were left in charge of defending the old mission. The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. The outnumbered Texian force was ultimately defeated, with all of the Alamo defenders killed. These men were seen as "martyrs" for the cause of Texas freedom and "Remember the Alamo" became a rallying cry in the Texian Army's eventual success at defeating Santa Anna's army. Juan Seguín, who organized the company of Tejano patriots, who fought for Texas independence, fought at the Battle of Concepción,

pos: Texian Army army—Fannin, Johnson, Grant, or Houston. On January 10, Johnson issued a call to form a Federal Volunteer Army of Texas which would march on Matamoros during the Matamoros Expedition. The Mexican army returned to Texas in February and initiated a siege of the garrison in San Antonio on February 23. The commander at the Alamo, William B. Travis, sent numerous letters to the Texas settlements, begging for reinforcements. Men began to gather in Gonzales to prepare to reinforce the garrison. Before they left, the Mexican army launched the Battle of the Alamo, and all of the Texian soldiers who had

pos: Juan Seguín in the regular Texas army. Upon the return of Santa Anna's army, Seguín joined William B. Travis on February 23, in the Battle of the Alamo. Although serving at the Alamo during the thirteen-day siege, he did not actually participate in the final battle of the Alamo He was chosen to carry the Alamo message through enemy lines, that the Texans "shall never surrender or retreat." Seguín got that message through to the other soldiers on the Texian side. He then returned with men to reinforce the Alamo, but it had already fallen to Santa Anna's army. After the Alamo,

pos: Sam Houston the appointment did not give him effective control of the militia units that constituted the Texian Army. Houston helped organize the Convention of 1836, where the Republic of Texas declared independence from Mexico. Shortly after the declaration, the convention received a plea for assistance from William B. Travis, who commanded Texan forces under siege by Santa Anna at the Alamo. The convention confirmed Houston's command of the Texian Army and dispatched him to lead a relief of Travis's force, but the Alamo fell before Houston could organize his forces at Gonzales, Texas. Seeking to intimidate Texan forces into surrender, the

pos: Antonio Menchaca Antonio married Maximilian Neuendorff. Menchaca's father died between 1820 and 1830, and his mother died in the 1840s. After the Texas Revolution began in October 1835, Antonio Menchaca joined the Texian Army, enrolling in a cavalry company under Captain Juan Seguin. After the Mexican army was expelled from Texas in December 1835, he was stationed with other Texan forces at the Alamo Mission in Béxar. In February 1836, word came that Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was leading an army into Texas to reclaim the territory. Alamo co-commander James Bowie held a council of war with his officers,

pos: Grand Lodge of Texas the small town of Washington-on-the-Brazos and signed the Texas Declaration of Independence on 2 March 1836. The Mexican Army under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had crossed the Rio Grande and attacked and defeated the small garrison at the Alamo in San Antonio de Bexar. Among the nearly 200 defenders who died at the Alamo were Freemasons James Bonham, James Bowie, David Crockett, Almaron Dickenson, and William Barrett Travis. There has existed for many years the story or myth that General Santa Anna, captured on 21 April 1836 after the defeat of the Mexican Army after the Battle of

pos: William B. Travis William B. Travis William Barret "Buck" Travis (August 1, 1809 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American lawyer and soldier. At the age of 26, he was a lieutenant colonel in the Texas Army. He died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. Travis County and Travis Park were named after him for being the commander of the Republic of Texas at the Battle of the Alamo. Travis's grandfather, Berwick (also known as Barrett) Travis, came to the British Colonies of North America at the age of 12, where he was placed in indentured servitude for

pos: Gonzales, Texas the Alamo, and all 32 men lost their lives defending the site. It was to Gonzales that Susanna Dickinson, widow of one of the Alamo defenders, and Joe, the slave of William B. Travis, fled with news of the Alamo massacre. General Sam Houston was there organizing the Texas forces. He anticipated the town would be the next target of General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army. Gathering the Texians at Peach Creek east of town, under the Sam Houston Oak, Houston ordered Gonzales burned, to deny it to the enemy. He began a retreat toward the U.S. border.

pos: Presidio La Bahía provisions were parcelled out among companies in the Texian Army. The Texians also gained control of several cannon. At some point, Colonel James Fannin became the commander of the troops at La Bahia. He renamed the presidio Fort Defiance. In February 1836, President Antonio López de Santa Anna led a large force of Mexican Army troops into Texas to quell the revolution. Santa Anna and part of his force entered Bexar on February 23 and initiated a siege of the Alamo. Alamo commander William B. Travis immediately sent a courier to Fannin, asking him to provide reinforcements to the Alamo.

pos: James Bonham James Bonham James Butler Bonham (February 20, 1807 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American soldier who died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. He was a second cousin of William B. Travis and was a messenger of the Battle of the Alamo. His younger brother, Milledge Luke Bonham, was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, and served as Governor of South Carolina from 1862 to 1864. Bonham was born, along with his sibling (Milledge Luke Bonham) in the Redbank area (present day Saluda County) on February 20,

neg: The Alamo (2004 film) against Mexico and its dictatorial president Santa Anna, who is personally leading an army to retake the Alamo, the Texan War Party calls for the Texas army to depart Bexar, cross into Mexico and confront Mexican forces at the town of Matamoros. The Opposition Party seeks to rebuild the Texan army and establish a permanent government to be recognized by other nations of the world. The provisional government votes out Sam Houston as commander of the Texas army. While having drinks with Jim Bowie later, the disgusted Houston tells Bowie to go to San Antonio and destroy the Alamo. William

neg: Alamo, Texas residents are allowed to apply to magnet schools operated by the South Texas Independent School District. Valley Christian Heritage School is in Alamo. Idea Public School District enrolls local students in any of a variety of area campuses in located in Alamo, San Juan, Pharr, Donna, and Edinburg. Sergeant Fernando de la Rosa Memorial Library is located in Alamo. The library is named after United States Army Sergeant Fernando "Nando" De La Rosa, who died during a roadside bomb explosion on October 27, 2009 in the Arghandab River Valley in Afghanistan. Alamo, Texas Alamo, located in the Rio Grande Valley

neg: Battle of the Alamo Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States), killing the Texian defenders. Santa Anna's cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio Texas several months later, they tore down many of the Alamo walls and burned some of the buildings. For the next five years, the Alamo was periodically used to garrison soldiers, both Texian and Mexican, but was ultimately abandoned. In 1849, several years after Texas was annexed to the United States, the U.S. Army began renting the facility for use as a quartermaster's depot. The U.S. Army abandoned the mission in 1876 after nearby Fort Sam Houston was established. The Alamo chapel was sold to the state of Texas, which conducted occasional tours but made no effort to restore it.

neg: The Alamo (2004 film) Barret Travis (Patrick Wilson) is also in San Felipe, reporting for duty. His character is quickly established as a man who seeks respect as a uniformed military officer, a lieutenant colonel in the Texas Army. Interlaced scenes show him granting his wife a divorce (for his adultery, abandonment, and "barbarous treatment"), and seeking to begin a new life in Texas. The Texas provisional government orders him to take command of the Alamo. There he meets Col. James Neill (Brandon Smith), who informs him that Travis will be in command of the Texas Army regulars while Neill is away on leave.

neg: Canarian Americans the Alamo fought from February 23 to March 6, 1836, the outnumbered Texan forces were ultimately defeated, and all of the Alamo's defenders were killed. There were Canary Islanders and Canarian descendants among these men, who were seen as martyrs for the cause of Texas freedom. "Remember the Alamo" became a rallying cry for the Texans' struggles to defeat Santa Anna's army. There were a few descendants of Canary Islanders in San Antonio who joined the Mexican army to oppose Texas' independence from Mexico, such as the soldier and landowner Juan Moya. Other Isleños supported the annexation of Texas to

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio after their conversion to Christianity. The mission was secularized in 1793 and then abandoned. Ten years later, it became a fortress housing the Second Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras military unit, who likely gave the mission the name Alamo. During the Texas Revolution, Mexican General Martin Perfecto de Cos surrendered the fort to the Texian Army in December 1835, following the Siege of Béxar. A relatively small number of Texian soldiers then occupied the compound for several months. They were wiped out at the Battle of the Alamo on March 6, 1836. When the Mexican army retreated from

neg: Telegraph and Texas Register at the Battle of the Alamo on March 6, the Mexican Army began moving east into the colonies. The Texian Army, in disarray after losing so many men, began to retreat east. The newspapers in Brazoria and Nacogdoches soon stopped printing. The "Telegraph"–the only newspaper in Texas still operating–printed its twenty-first issue on March 24. This contained the first list of names of Texians who died at the Alamo. Borden refused to join the Runaway Scrape, asserting that "so long as a paper should be printed "west" of the Brazos, the people "east" of it would not take alarm." On

neg: Joseph L. Bennett longer in existence but a Texas Historical Marker has been placed near the location. Located on Texas State Highway 105, 1.5 miles east of Montgomery (just east of Walden Road). "Joseph L. Bennett, who came to Texas in 1834 and settled in this area, joined the Texas army in early 1836. As captain of a company of local volunteers, he left this area about March 1, 1836, to lead his troops to aid Texan forces at the Alamo. Upon reaching the Colorado River he learned of the fall of the Alamo, and so discontinued the mission. He soon joined with

neg: Presidio San Antonio de Béxar James C. Neill briefly commanded Béxar and the Alamo. The town and the Alamo fort were recaptured by the Mexican army at the Battle of the Alamo in March 1836 and the Mexican garrison was temporarily reinstated. The presidio officially ceased to exist when the Mexican Army acknowledged Texas independence and presented their formal surrender in San Antonio on June 4, 1836, to Béxar Military Chief Juan Seguin. Presidio San Antonio de Béxar Presidio San Antonio de Béxar was a Spanish fort built near the San Antonio River, located in what is now San Antonio, Texas, in the United States.

neg: Moseley Baker an independent nation and read the men the Texas Declaration of Independence. The new interim government had placed Houston in charge of the recruits gathered in Gonzales. That evening, two men arrived from Béxar with news that the Mexican army had retaken the Alamo, and the Texian defenders were dead; Houston promptly arrested the men as spies. The following day, Houston organized the army. All of the companies gathered, including Baker's, were placed into the First Regiment of Infantry, with Edward Burleson in charge. Houston sent scouts to determine what had actually happened in Béxar. They returned on March 13

neg: Francisco de Castañeda Francisco de Castañeda Francisco de Castañeda, also spelled Castonado, was a lieutenant in the Mexican army stationed in San Antonio, in the 1830s. He was the commander of the troops involved in the first battle of the Texas Revolution. Castañeda was primarily charged with keeping the peace in central Texas. Chasing Indians, cattle rustlers and escorting officials were the main duties during this period. The soldiers were part of the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar, who were housed in the Alamo fort in late 1835. The Castañeda family had lived at the Alamo Mission in a remodeled Indian dwelling on

neg: Antonio Menchaca placed Houston in charge of the recruits gathered in Gonzales. That evening, two men arrived from Béxar with news that the Mexican army had retaken the Alamo, and the Texian defenders were dead; Houston promptly arrested the men as spies. The following day, Houston organized the army. All of the companies gathered, including Seguin's were placed into the First Regiment of Infantry, with Edward Burleson in charge. Houston sent scouts to determine what had actually happened in Béxar. They returned on March 13 with Susanna Dickinson, who had been inside the Alamo during the battle. Dickinson warned that more than

neg: Andrew Jackson Sowell mission fort while the army of Santa Anna was already in the vicinity of San Antonio, he and Byrd Lockhart were sent out as couriers and foragers. They went as far as Gonzales, Texas to buy cattle and supplies for the Alamo garrison. But upon their return to San Antonio, they were not able to enter as the Alamo was surrounded by Santa Anna's army. From the Alamo they headed to Gonzales, where Sowell assisted the Texian settlers who became refugees in the Runaway Scrape. After insuring the safety of the civilians, he marched towards San Jacinto to join Sam

neg: Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo almost exclusively American endeavor", focusing more on the Texian defenders with less emphasis given to the Mexican army or the Tejano soldiers who served in the Texian army. Many Tejanos viewed the Alamo as more than just a battle site. They or their ancestors had experienced the benefits of the Alamo complex when it served as a mission, a hospital, or a military post. Americans had arrived in Texas much later, when the Alamo no longer served in those roles, and they tended to see the complex solely in relation to the battle. According to author Richard R. Flores, in

neg: Alamodome the Pac-12 Conference and the Big 12 Conference. The 2006 Alamo Bowl between the Texas Longhorns and the Iowa Hawkeyes was attended by 65,875, which set a facility-record crowd for a sporting event, only to have that record broken by an Alamo Bowl event the next year between Texas A&M and Penn State, which drew 66,166 attendees. September 16, 2006, marked the first game in a college football "home and home" series, known as the AT&T Corps Classic, between the Texas A&M Aggies and the Army Black Knights. Army has elected to play its "home" game at the Alamodome in

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio two on the upper level of the facade as well as additional windows on the other three sides of the building. The complex eventually contained a supply depot, offices, storage facilities, a blacksmith shop, and stables. During the American Civil War, Texas joined the Confederacy, and the Alamo complex was taken over by the Confederate Army. In February 1861, the Texan Militia, under direction from the Texas Secession Convention and led by Ben McCullough and Sam Maverick, confronted General Twiggs, commander of all US Forces in Texas and headquartered at the Alamo. Twiggs elected to surrender and all supplies were

neg: Moses Rose Moses Rose Louis "Moses" Rose (1785? – 1850/1851?), also seen as Lewis Rose), was according to Texas legend the only man who chose to leave the besieged Alamo in 1836, rather than fight and die there. He was illiterate and many believe that his tale was embellished by those who were writing on his behalf. Finally, some question the accuracy of this part of the legend. According to the most commonly told story, Rose was a French Jew who had served in the French army under Napoleon. It seems clear that he was at the Alamo for some unknown portion

neg: Battle of the Alamo new army to retreat. This sparked a mass exodus, known as the Runaway Scrape, and most Texians, including members of the new government, fled east. Despite their losses at the Alamo, the Mexican army in Texas still outnumbered the Texian army by almost six to one. Santa Anna assumed that knowledge of the disparity in troop numbers and the fate of the Texian soldiers at the Alamo would quell the resistance, and that Texian soldiers would quickly leave the territory. News of the Alamo's fall had the opposite effect, however, and men flocked to join Houston's army. The "New York

neg: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World Alamo when the Mexican army attacked on March 6; Travis was likely the first to die. Unaware that the Alamo had fallen, reinforcements continued to assemble; over 400 Texans were waiting in Gonzales when news of the Texan defeat reached the town on March 11. Earlier that day, General Sam Houston, newly reappointed commander of the Texan Army, had arrived in Gonzales. On hearing of the Alamo's fall, Houston took command of the assembled volunteers. The following month, this hastily organized army defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, ending the Texas Revolution. This letter may have influenced

neg: Alamo City Rugby Football Club Alamo City Rugby Football Club The Alamo City Rugby Football Club (informally Alamo City RFC or Alamo City Rugby) is an American rugby union club that is based in San Antonio, Texas. Alamo City RFC plays in the Texas Rugby Union Men's Division 2 league. Home matches are held at the Bowie Field rugby pitches located inside Brooks Park in southeast San Antonio, TX. The nickname for Alamo City Rugby is "The Defenders". In 1983, the Alamo City Rugby Football Club was started by a small group of players who were interested in promoting rugby in the city of San

neg: Byrd Lockhart the Alamo, on the morning of March 1 and later depart again, at night, as other couriers left. Lockhart later served the Texan army as the captain of a spy company. He died in 1839. The town of Lockhart, Texas is named in his honor. Byrd Lockhart Byrd Lockhart (1782–1839), was a 19th-century Texas surveyor, Alamo defender, courier, and Texian officer during the Texas Revolution. Lockhart was born in Virginia in 1782. At age 32, Byrd Lockhart was known to be a surveyor in Madison County, Illinois. He moved to Texas from Missouri with his mother, sister, and two children.

neg: Battle of the Alamo Texian forces that Santa Anna's army was unbeatable. During the siege, newly elected delegates from across Texas met at the Convention of 1836. On March 2, the delegates declared independence, forming the Republic of Texas. Four days later, the delegates at the convention received a dispatch Travis had written March 3 warning of his dire situation. Unaware that the Alamo had fallen, Robert Potter called for the convention to adjourn and march immediately to relieve the Alamo. Sam Houston convinced the delegates to remain in Washington-on-the-Brazos to develop a constitution. After being appointed sole commander of all Texian troops, Houston

neg: Battle of the Alamo and 257 Texians died, while most historians of the Alamo agree that around 600 Mexicans were killed or wounded. Several noncombatants were sent to Gonzales to spread word of the Texian defeat. The news sparked both a strong rush to join the Texian army and a panic, known as "The Runaway Scrape", in which the Texian army, most settlers, and the new Republic of Texas government fled eastward toward the United States ahead of the advancing Mexican Army. Within Mexico, the battle has often been overshadowed by events from the Mexican–American War of 1846–48. In 19th-century Texas, the Alamo complex

neg: Battle of the Alamo Alamo complex as more than just a battle site; it represented decades of assistance—as a mission, a hospital, or a military post. As the English-speaking population increased, the complex became best known for the battle. Focus has centered primarily on the Texian defenders, with little emphasis given to the role of the "Tejano" soldiers who served in the Texian army or the actions of the Mexican army. In the early 20th century the Texas Legislature purchased the property and appointed the Daughters of the Republic of Texas as permanent caretakers of what is now an official state shrine. In front

neg: Battle of the Alamo Army were aware that there would be no prisoners of war. When Mexican troops departed San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas, USA) Texian soldiers established a garrison at the Alamo Mission, a former Spanish religious outpost which had been converted to a makeshift fort by the recently expelled Mexican Army. Described by Santa Anna as an "irregular fortification hardly worthy of the name", the Alamo had been designed to withstand an attack by native tribes, not an artillery-equipped army. The complex sprawled across , providing almost of perimeter to defend. An interior plaza was bordered on the east

neg: Texian Army who had just arrived from the United States and had no weapons were spared. As news spread of the defeats at the Alamo and Goliad, men flocked to the Texian army. By early April, Houston commanded about 800 men. The Texas Revolution essentially ended on April 21, when the Texian Army routed a Mexican force and captured Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. For six months David G. Burnet, ad interim President of the Republic, had diligently maintained the army laws set forth by the Consultation in December 1835. The 1835–36 Regular Army of Texas would never consist

neg: Alamo Bay Alamo Bay Alamo Bay is a 1985 drama film about a Vietnam veteran who clashes with Vietnamese immigrants who move to his fictitious Texas bay hometown. The film was directed by Louis Malle, and stars Amy Madigan and Ed Harris. Future Texas A&M and Dallas Cowboys linebacker Dat Nguyen, who was 9 at the time has a small role as a Little League ballplayer. The title soundtrack "Theme from Alamo Bay" by the artist Ry Cooder can be found on "Music by Ry Cooder", a compilation album of Cooder's soundtracks from movies released between 1980 and 1993. In his review,

neg: Alamo Bay Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" said "Like many other movies that have their origins in a general idea, which characters and their story, "Alamo Bay" is almost shamefully clumsy and superficial - it's manufactured 'art.' Watching it is an unhappy experience that never becomes illuminating." Alamo Bay Alamo Bay is a 1985 drama film about a Vietnam veteran who clashes with Vietnamese immigrants who move to his fictitious Texas bay hometown. The film was directed by Louis Malle, and stars Amy Madigan and Ed Harris. Future Texas A&M and Dallas Cowboys linebacker Dat Nguyen, who was 9 at

neg: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World the "Telegraph and Texas Register", three days later. The letter was eventually reprinted throughout the United States and much of Europe. This letter was one of several that Travis sent during the siege of the Alamo. Each carried a similar message—the Mexican army had invaded Texas, the Alamo was surrounded, and the Texans needed more men and ammunition to wage a successful defense. No assistance was forthcoming from the Texas government. By this point infighting had rendered the provisional government completely ineffective, and delegates convened on March 1 at the Convention of 1836 to create a new government. Most of

neg: History of Texas in the Goliad Massacre, where they executed 300 Texian prisoners of war. After a thirteen-day siege, Santa Anna's forces overwhelmed the nearly 200 Texians defending the Alamo, and killed the prisoners. "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" became a battle cry of the Texas Revolution. News of the defeats sparked the Runaway Scrape, where much of the population of Texas and the Texas provisional government fled east, away from the approaching Mexican army. Many settlers rejoined the Texian army, then commanded by General Sam Houston. After several weeks of maneuvering, on April 21, 1836, the Texian Army attacked Santa Anna's forces

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio resolution allowing local citizens to take stone from the Alamo at a cost of $5 per wagonload. By the late 1840s, even the four statues located on the front wall of the chapel had been removed. On January 13, 1841, the Republic of Texas legislature passed an act returning the sanctuary of the Alamo to the Roman Catholic Church. By 1845, when Texas was annexed to the United States, a colony of bats occupied the abandoned complex and weeds and grass covered many of the walls. As the Mexican–American War loomed in 1846, 2000 United States Army soldiers were sent

neg: John William Smith (politician) Samuel Maverick and was saved by his wife's pleas, which enabled him to escape and guide the final assault in the Siege of Bexar. He served twice as a messenger during the Siege of the Alamo. On February 23, Smith and Sutherland were sent by Travis as scouts to assess the Mexican Army's strength and position. Upon locating the Mexican Army in strength, he immediately returned to the Alamo. That evening he was dispatched to Gonzales, Texas with a message from Travis. He returned to the Alamo from Gonzales, Texas on March 1. Before the final battle of the Alamo

neg: Texas Revolution and fell back to the Alamo. By late afternoon, Béxar was occupied by about 1,500 Mexican troops, who quickly raised a blood-red flag signifying no quarter. For the next 13 days, the Mexican army besieged the Alamo. Several small skirmishes gave the defenders much-needed optimism, but had little real impact. Bowie fell ill on February 24, leaving Travis in sole command of the Texian forces. The same day, Travis sent messengers with a letter To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World, begging for reinforcements and vowing "victory or death"; this letter was reprinted throughout the United

neg: Moseley Baker the Alamo!". Baker's men reportedly hoisted a red handkerchief to serve as their flag, and as a warning to the Mexican troops that they would offer no quarter. At 4 pm, the Texian army advanced, commencing the Battle of San Jacinto. They crept forward in silence, hidden by the tall grass. Houston ordered them to charge when they were about from the Mexican camp. Baker was one of the first wounded; First Lieutenant John Borden stepped forward to lead his company. From October 1836 through June 1837, Baker served in the First Congress of the Republic of Texas, representing Austin

neg: Forts of Texas the US Army was concerned with protecting settlements and towns in west Texas from Indians. In the latter period, several Texas forts were garrisoned with units of the US Army's famed Buffalo Soldiers. Forts of these periods include: Several of the most famous generals from both sides of the American Civil War were stationed at Texas forts while serving in the US Army during this period. Robert E. Lee was stationed at the Alamo and Fort Mason. Albert Sidney Johnston, George Henry Thomas and Earl Van Dorn were also stationed at Fort Mason. Texas forts garrisoned by the US Army

neg: William R. Carey the events of that battle. Carey was killed in the Alamo by the Mexican troops of Antonio López de Santa Anna. William R. Carey William R. Carey was one of a group of American volunteer soldiers who went to the frontier territory of Texas in 1835 during the Texas Revolution against Mexico. He was born in Virginia in 1806, the son of Moses Carey. He was killed in 1836 at the Battle of the Alamo. Carey was the first Texas commander at the Alamo. Ranked as Captain, he commanded an artillery company at his own expense, which was dubbed "The

neg: 2007 Alamo Bowl clock to preserve the win at 24–17. 2007 Alamo Bowl The 2007 Valero Alamo Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2007 in the 65,000-seat Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and nationally televised by ESPN. The game was one of the 2007–08 NCAA football bowl games that concluded the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the 15th Alamo Bowl and the first Alamo Bowl sponsored by the Valero Energy Corporation. The game featured the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Texas A&M Aggies, who were both unranked in the national polls. The two

neg: William Leslie Cazneau William Leslie Cazneau William Leslie Cazneau (1807-1876) was a Texas pioneer and is credited with having buried the Alamo Heroes with full military honors. William Leslie Cazneau was born on October 5, 1807, at Boston, Massachusetts. In 1839 he moved to Texas and established a general merchandise business. Appointed on the staff of Thomas J. Chambers in 1835, he served until the Texas Army disbanded. He was dispatched to the United States to raise men and supplies and was assigned the burial of the remains of the Alamo heroes, as well as the guarding of Mexican prisoners on Galveston island.

neg: Alamo Village Alamo Village Alamo Village is a movie set and tourist attraction north of Brackettville, Texas, United States. It was the first movie location built in Texas, originally constructed for and best known as the setting for "The Alamo" (1960), directed by John Wayne and starring Wayne, Richard Widmark, Laurence Harvey and Frankie Avalon. The set was built by James T. "Happy" Shahan of Brackettville, who in 1995 was named the "Father of the Texas movie industry" by Governor George W. Bush. Shahan began building the set on his ranch in September, 1957 for Wayne, who had tried for years to

neg: American frontier the current relationship. When Mexican president Santa Anna shifted alliances and joined the conservative Centralist party, he declared himself dictator and ordered soldiers into Texas to curtail new immigration and unrest. However, immigration continued and 30,000 Anglos with 3,000 slaves were settled in Texas by 1835. In 1836, the Texas Revolution erupted. Following losses at the Alamo and Goliad, the Texians won the decisive Battle of San Jacinto to secure independence. At San Jacinto, Sam Houston, commander-in-chief of the Texian Army and future President of the Republic of Texas famously shouted "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad". The U.S. Congress declined

neg: Goliad County, Texas at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Goliad County was the site of two battles in the Texas Revolution. The Battle of Goliad was a minor skirmish early in the war. However the subsequent battle of Coleto was an important battle that culminated on March 27, 1836. Col. James Fannin and his Texan soldiers were executed by the Mexican army, under orders from Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna, in what became known as the Goliad Massacre. This event led to the Texas Revolutionary battle cry "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" Although many remember the Alamo today, fewer remember Goliad. The site of the massacre

neg: George C. Kimble at the Alamo on 6 March 1836. His body was burned with those of the other Texas soldiers. Kimble County, Texas is named in his honor. One of his Scholars is Sonke C. Mkhwanazi George C. Kimble George C. Kimble (alternately spelled Kimbell or Kimball, March 6, 1803 – March 6, 1836) was a defender and officer of the Alamo Mission in San Antonio, who died at the Battle of the Alamo. Kimble County in the hill country of Texas is named in his honor. George C. Kimble was born in 1803 in Beechwoods, Pennsylvania to Chester Kimble and Lucy

neg: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World the delegates believed that Travis exaggerated the difficulties he faced. Many Texas residents disagreed with the convention's perception. As the message spread across Texas, settlers left their homes and assembled in Gonzales, where Colonel James Fannin was due to arrive with the remaining Texan Army troops. On February 27 one group of reinforcements impatiently set out on their own; as a result 32 additional Texans entered the Alamo. Research by historian Thomas Ricks Lindley indicates that an additional 50 or 60 men reinforced the Alamo on March 4. Almost all of the Texans were killed at the Battle of the

neg: Alamo Cenotaph Alamo Cenotaph The Alamo Cenotaph, also known as the Spirit of Sacrifice, is a monument in San Antonio, Texas, United States, commemorating the Battle of the Alamo of the Texas Revolution, which was fought at the adjacent Alamo Mission. The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side. Although there had been previous plans for Alamo monuments, starting in the late 1800s, the Alamo Cenotaph was the first such erected in San Antonio. (There had been one previous monument in Austin, but

neg: Remember the Alamo (song) part of a theme album about the Battle of the Alamo, and includes traditional tunes ("Deguello", "The Yellow Rose of Texas") and more recent whimsical songs ("The Ballad of Davy Crockett", "Don't Go There"). "Remember the Alamo" is sung by longtime frontman Ray Benson, and the band performs the song in the traditional free and flowing Texas Swing style. Remember the Alamo (song) "Remember the Alamo" is a song written by Texan folk singer and songwriter Jane Bowers. Bowers details the last days of 180 soldiers during the Battle of the Alamo and names several famous figures who fought at

neg: Von Ormy, Texas has been estimated by UTSA as over 600 years old. On the site now exists Alamo River Resort a camping and fishing park. Blas María Herrera, the Paul Revere of Texas, rode his horse from Laredo to San Antonio to warn the town of Santa Anna's approach. Other area residents who served in the Texian Army include Bernardindo Ruiz, Jose Maria Ruiz, Hemergildo Ruiz, Juan Casillas and Juan Martinez. Ignacio Perez remained loyal to Mexico. After the war, the doors to the Alamo were taken to the Herrera ranch, where they stayed until 1984 when the Daughters of the Republic

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio alongside a large diorama that recreates the compound as it existed in 1836. A large mural, known as the Wall of History, portrays the history of the Alamo complex from its mission days to modern times. The site has an annual operating budget of $6 million, primarily funded through sales in the gift store. Under the 2011 law, which placed the Alamo under the care of the General Land Office, Commissioner George P. Bush announced on March 12, 2015, that his office would take charge of the daily operations of the Alamo from the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.

neg: Amos Pollard surgeon of the Texan garrison, on the staff of Lt. Col. James C. Neill. He cared for the sick and wounded of the garrison and also set up a hospital within the Alamo. On February 23, 1836, Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army besieged the Alamo. Pollard died in the battle of the Alamo on March 6, 1836, probably defending the Alamo hospital. A portrait of him was done sometime before he moved to Texas. Besides Travis, Bowie, and Crockett, he is the only Alamo defender of whom a portrait was done from life. A copy of the portrait

neg: Texas Revolution Republic of Texas. Determined to avenge Mexico's honor, Santa Anna vowed to personally retake Texas. His Army of Operations entered Texas in mid-February 1836 and found the Texians completely unprepared. Mexican General José de Urrea led a contingent of troops on the Goliad Campaign up the Texas coast, defeating all Texian troops in his path and executing most of those who surrendered. Santa Anna led a larger force to San Antonio de Béxar (or Béxar), where his troops defeated the Texian garrison in the Battle of the Alamo, killing almost all of the defenders. A newly created Texian army under

neg: Alamo Heights, Texas Alamo Heights, Texas Alamo Heights is an affluent incorporated city that is surrounded by the city of San Antonio in Bexar County in the U.S. state of Texas. At the time of the 2010 census, the population of Alamo Heights was 7,031. It is part of the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area. A portion of the University of the Incarnate Word is in Alamo Heights. The current mayor of Alamo Heights is The Honorable Bobby Rosenthal. Alamo Heights is about north of downtown San Antonio, the urban core of the seventh largest city in America, and is completely surrounded by

neg: 2007 Alamo Bowl 2007 Alamo Bowl The 2007 Valero Alamo Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2007 in the 65,000-seat Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and nationally televised by ESPN. The game was one of the 2007–08 NCAA football bowl games that concluded the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the 15th Alamo Bowl and the first Alamo Bowl sponsored by the Valero Energy Corporation. The game featured the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Texas A&M Aggies, who were both unranked in the national polls. The two teams had met once in the Alamo

neg: Battle of the Alamo throughout the United States and much of Europe. At the end of the first day of the siege, Santa Anna's troops were reinforced by 600 men under General Joaquin Ramirez y Sesma, bringing the Mexican army up to more than 2,000 men. As news of the siege spread throughout Texas, potential reinforcements gathered in Gonzales. They hoped to rendezvous with Colonel James Fannin, who was expected to arrive from Goliad with his garrison. On February 26, after days of indecision, Fannin ordered 320 men, four cannons, and several supply wagons to march towards the Alamo, away. This group traveled less

neg: The Immortal Alamo the tree was Mr. Young. In order to shoot the film, Gaston Méliès moved his production and distribution unit, the Star Film Company from its location in New York to San Antonio in January 1910. Méliès promised to produce a historically "correct" depiction of the Battle of the Alamo. The film was directed by William F. Haddock. The film was shot in San Antonio, Texas and on location at the Alamo. One hundred cadets from the Peacock Military Academy portrayed the Mexican Army. Wilbert Melville "conceived the idea, designed the plot and formulated the scenario..." for the film. The film

neg: The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty the centennial of the Alamo. The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty is a 1938 American black-and-white war film directed by Stuart Paton and produced by H. W. Kier and Norman Sheldon. The film was a two-reel short produced in a couple of weeks San Antonio, Texas. The film was done in pantomime and audio was done by narration and organ music. The film starred Coates Gwynne, Sterling Waters and Mrs. Florence Griffith. The film is an educational reenactment of the siege at the Alamo, but the filming location was actually Mission San José. The

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio at the mission. For the next two months they repaired and fortified the complex, however no records remain of what improvements they made to the structure. After the Mexican army's defeat at the Battle of San Jacinto and the capture of Santa Anna, the Mexican army agreed to leave Texas, effectively ending the Texas Revolution. As Andrade and his garrison joined the retreat on May 24, they spiked the cannons, tore down many of the Alamo walls, and set fires throughout the complex. Only a few buildings survived their efforts; the chapel was left in ruins, most of the Long

neg: William B. Travis All Americans in the World": He gave this letter to courier Albert Martin to deliver. The envelope that contained the letter was labeled "VICTORY or DEATH". The letter, while unable to bring aid to the garrison at the Alamo, did much to motivate the Texian army and helped to rally support in America for the cause of Texas independence. It also cemented Travis's status as a hero of the Texas Revolution. A year after the battle, acting upon orders from General Felix Huston, Colonel Juan Seguín oversaw the reclamation of the abandoned ashes of the Alamo defenders from three sites.

neg: 2013 Alamo Bowl 2013 Alamo Bowl The 2013 Alamo Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 30, 2013, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. The 21st edition of the Alamo Bowl, it featured the Texas Longhorns from the Big 12 Conference and the Oregon Ducks from the Pac-12 Conference. It was telecast at 5:45 p.m. CST on ESPN. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by the Valero Energy Corporation and was officially known as the Valero Alamo Bowl. Oregon defeated Texas by a

neg: Mathew Caldwell the Paul Revere of Texas. As a participant at the battle, he would serve as a scout and mediator. On Nov. 3, 1835, the delegates of the citizens of Texas established the provisional Texas government by the Consultation of 1835. The Consultation authorized the recruitment of 25 Rangers and later was increased to three companies of 56 men each. Caldwell was appointed a subcontractor to the Texian Army by the Provisional Government of Texas, to supply and administer a volunteer army at the siege of Bexar and the Alamo. On 1 February 1836, he and John Fisher were elected delegates

neg: Micajah Autry Harrison. He arrived in San Antonio de Bexar with this company on February 9 and joined the Alamo garrison under the command of Lt. Col. William Barrett Travis. After a siege lasting 13 days, Autry was killed with the rest of the Alamo garrison after the Mexican army stormed it on March 6, 1836. Among some of his possessions now housed at the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas, is an eagle approximately 3 feet high which he carved. They also have a collection of his letters and poetry written to his beloved wife. Micajah Autry Micajah Autry (1793March 6, 1836)

neg: Convention of 1836 Texas revolt. Personally leading his forces, Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande on February 12. Santa Anna and his advance force arrived in San Antonio de Bexar on February 23 and immediately initiated a siege of the Texas forces garrisoned at the Alamo. Elections were scheduled for February 1, 1836. There was much disagreement throughout Texas as to whether voting rights should extend to Tejanos or recent arrivals from the United States who had joined the Army of the People. The Consultation had specified that voting rights would be extended to all Tejanos "opposed to a Central Government" and indicated

neg: Texas Revolution conditions. Some of them died of hypothermia, and others contracted dysentery. Soldiers who fell behind were sometimes killed by Comanche raiding parties. Nevertheless, the army continued to march towards Béxar. As they progressed, settlers in their path in South Texas evacuated northward. The Mexican army ransacked and occasionally burned the vacant homes. Santa Anna and his commanders received timely intelligence on Texian troop locations, strengths, and plans, from a network of "Tejano" spies organized by de la Garza. Fewer than 100 Texian soldiers remained at the Alamo Mission in Béxar, under the command of Colonel James C. Neill. Unable to

neg: Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo According to Bill Groneman's "Battlefields of Texas", the Alamo has become "the most popular tourist site in Texas". Many of the Mexican officers who participated in the battle left memoirs, although some were not written until decades after the battle. Among those who provided written accounts of the battle were Antonio López de Santa Anna, Vicente Filisola, José Enrique de la Peña, José Juan Sánchez Navarro, Juan N. Almonte, and Francisco Becerra. Texians Juan Seguín and John Sutherland also left memoirs, although some historians believe Sutherland was not at the Alamo and wrote his memoirs from hearsay. Of the Texian

neg: Alamo Heights, Texas The City of Alamo Heights was incorporated in 1922. Eventual growth to the north would happen later with the annexation of Bluebonnet Hills and Sylvan Hills in 1928 and 1944, respectively. The Alamo Quarry Market shopping center, Quarry Village, Lincoln Heights Shopping Center, H-E-B's Central Market, North Star Mall, McNay Art Museum, and the headquarters for Clear Channel Communications can be found outside Alamo Heights. Alamo Heights, Texas Alamo Heights is an affluent incorporated city that is surrounded by the city of San Antonio in Bexar County in the U.S. state of Texas. At the time of the 2010 census,

neg: Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo Mission. As the Mexican army retreated from Texas following the Battle of San Jacinto, they tore down many of the walls and burned the palisade which Crockett had defended. Within the next several decades, various buildings in the complex were torn down, and in 1850 the United States Army added a gable to the top of the chapel. Speculation is that the gable was originally at Mission San José, due to its presence at that mission in 1846-48 sketches, and its absence in later images. Today, the remnants of the Alamo are in downtown San Antonio in the U.S. state

neg: Battle of the Alamo of the church, in the center of Alamo Plaza, stands a cenotaph, designed by Pompeo Coppini, which commemorates the Texians and "Tejanos" who died during the battle. According to Bill Groneman's "Battlefields of Texas", the Alamo has become "the most popular tourist site in Texas". The first English-language histories of the battle were written and published by Texas Ranger and amateur historian John Henry Brown. The next major treatment of the battle was Reuben Potter's "The Fall of the Alamo", published in "The Magazine of American History" in 1878. Potter based his work on interviews with many of the Mexican

neg: 2006 Alamo Bowl Bowl against the University of Iowa Hawkeyes, who finished the regular season at 6–6 overall and in eighth place in the Big 10. This was the first appearance for Texas in the Alamo Bowl, which is played only 75 miles from the University of Texas campus. On December 21, UT announced that McCoy was cleared to play in the bowl game. He did start at quarterback and played the entire game for Texas. Texas and Iowa had only faced one another once before, in the inaugural playing of the Freedom Bowl in 1984. In the 1984 season, Texas had climbed

neg: History of Mexican Americans raids on New Mexico villages and ranches were ignored, as was the vulnerability of California, as the central government pulled back its soldiers to use them in recurrent civil wars and factional battles. After armed uprisings in Texas Mexico's President Santa Anna led an army to put down the rebellion. After initial victories at The Alamo and Goliad, Santa Anna was decisively defeated by the Texans, who declared independence. The Tejanos in Texas joined the revolution and supported the new Republic of Texas; The Hispanics in New Mexico and California were localistic and did not identify with the regime in

neg: William R. Carey William R. Carey William R. Carey was one of a group of American volunteer soldiers who went to the frontier territory of Texas in 1835 during the Texas Revolution against Mexico. He was born in Virginia in 1806, the son of Moses Carey. He was killed in 1836 at the Battle of the Alamo. Carey was the first Texas commander at the Alamo. Ranked as Captain, he commanded an artillery company at his own expense, which was dubbed "The Invincibles". He also fought at San Antonio de Béxar, and wrote a letter to his brother and sister in Virginia describing

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio turned over to the Texans. Following the Confederacy's defeat, the United States Army again maintained control over the Alamo. Shortly after the war ended, however, the Catholic Church requested that the army vacate the premises so that the Alamo could become a place of worship for local German Catholics. The army refused, and the church made no further attempts at retaking the complex. The army abandoned the Alamo in 1876, when Fort Sam Houston was established in San Antonio. About that time, the Church sold the convent to Honore Grenet, who added a new two-story wood building to the complex.

neg: Bandolero! due to his wound. Maria and the sheriff, with little left of the posse, bury the Bishop brothers and dead posse members without markers, after which Maria notes that no one will know who was there nor what had happened. They then begin the ride back to Texas. The film was originally known as "Mace". The film was shot at the Alamo Village, the movie set originally created for John Wayne's "The Alamo". The Alamo Village is located north of Brackettville, Texas. The location closed in 2009 after remaining open to movie companies and the public since 1960. Parts of

neg: Alamo Cenotaph Antonio against all opposition. The defenders of the Alamo thus included both Anglo and Hispanic Texans who fought side by side under a banner that was the flag of Mexico with the numerals "1824" superimposed. This was meant to indicate that the defenders were fighting for their rights to democratic government under the Mexican constitution of that year. It was only during the siege that the Texas Congress declared an independent Republic of Texas. The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. At first the battle was primarily a siege marked by artillery duels

neg: The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty The Alamo: Shrine of Texas Liberty is a 1938 American black-and-white war film directed by Stuart Paton and produced by H. W. Kier and Norman Sheldon. The film was a two-reel short produced in a couple of weeks San Antonio, Texas. The film was done in pantomime and audio was done by narration and organ music. The film starred Coates Gwynne, Sterling Waters and Mrs. Florence Griffith. The film is an educational reenactment of the siege at the Alamo, but the filming location was actually Mission San José. The film was released soon after

neg: Stephen L. Hardin a leading expert in the world in Texas military and social history. He is widely cited with regards to the Battle of the Alamo. Hardin has also appeared on the History Channel in "The Alamo Documentary: A True Story of Courage" He was also a historic advisor to John Lee Hancock's 2004 movie, "The Alamo", starring Billy Bob Thornton. Stephen L. Hardin Stephen L. Hardin is an American historian and author who is an expert on the history of Texas. Hardin attended Southwest Texas State University, in San Marcos, Texas, where he received both a BA and MA in History.

neg: Antonio López de Santa Anna Alamo, the Texas Navy had more time to plunder ports along the Gulf of Mexico and the Texian Army gained more weapons and ammunition. Despite Sam Houston's lack of ability to maintain strict control of the Texian Army, they defeated Santa Anna's much larger army at the Battle of San Jacinto on 21 April 1836. The Texans shouted, "Remember Goliad, Remember the Alamo!" The day after the battle, a small Texan force led by James Austin Sylvester captured Santa Anna. They found the general dressed in a dragoon private's uniform and hiding in a marsh. On May 14, 1836, a

neg: Siege of the Alamo Antonio, Texas, US), Texian soldiers established a garrison at the Alamo Mission, a former Spanish religious outpost which had been converted to a makeshift fort. Described by Santa Anna as an "irregular fortification hardly worthy of the name", the Alamo had been designed to withstand an attack by native tribes, not an artillery-equipped army. The complex sprawled across , providing almost of perimeter to defend. An interior plaza was bordered on the east by the chapel and to the south by a one-story building known as the Low Barracks. A wooden palisade stretched between these two buildings. The two-story Long

neg: Moses Rose 31, 1835, or February 1, 1836, although Bowie was listed on the latter document. On the other hand, a man named “Rose” from Nacogdoches was listed as an Alamo victim in the March 14, 1836, issue of the "Telegraph and Texas Register". This first attempt to name the men at the Alamo was compiled by John William Smith, one of the last couriers to leave the Alamo, and Gerald Navan, who probably also left the Alamo as a courier. Alamo survivor Susanna Dickinson testified in 1853 and again in 1857 that the only man named “Rose” of whom she knew

neg: Columbus, Texas children inherited the estate, they sold land to William Dewees, who was married to Beason's daughter, Lydia. Dewees' land grant was near the site of present-day Glidden, Texas. By 1836, Beason's Ferry Crossing was home to over 25 families. During the fight for Texas independence, Sam Houston and his men camped along the banks of the Colorado River near Beason's Crossing. Following the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna's army headed for San Jacinto, and Houston ordered that Beason's Crossing be burned during the Runaway Scrape. Columbus was established by European Americans in 1837 after Texas achieved independence from Mexico.

neg: North Alamo, Texas serve the community. North Alamo, Texas North Alamo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas. The population was 3,235 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area. North Alamo is located at (26.214649, -98.124075). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,061 people, 565 households, and 496 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,148.9 people per square mile (444.6/km²). There were 913 housing units at an average density of 509.0/sq

neg: North Alamo, Texas North Alamo, Texas North Alamo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas. The population was 3,235 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area. North Alamo is located at (26.214649, -98.124075). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,061 people, 565 households, and 496 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,148.9 people per square mile (444.6/km²). There were 913 housing units at an average density of 509.0/sq mi (196.9/km²). The

neg: Andrew Jackson Sowell buried some miles east of town in the Rogers-Mofield Cemetery, north of U.S. Route 90 Alternate (Texas) near Darst Creek, Texas. In 1841, on the first Alamo monument designed by William B. Nangle, Andrew Jackson Sowell was honored as a defender of the Alamo. Sowell had left San Antonio shortly before the fall of the Alamo, and at first it was believed that he had died there. In his later years, Sowell recalled that his name had once been inscribed among the martyrs, and he claimed to be the only man to live—and see his name among those who died

neg: Alamo Mission in San Antonio from her own pocket. At the urging of both Driscoll and de Zavala, the Texas Legislature approved $5,000 for the committee to use as part of the next payment. The appropriation was vetoed by Governor S. W. T. Lanham, who said it was "not a justifiable expenditure of the taxpayers' money". DRT members set up a collection booth outside the Alamo and held several fundraising activities, collecting $5,662.23. Driscoll agreed to make up the difference, as well as agreeing to pay the final $50,000. After hearing of her generosity, various newspapers in Texas dubbed her the "Savior of the Alamo".

neg: Texas Legislative Medal of Honor Texas Legislative Medal of Honor The Texas Legislative Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration that may be awarded to a member of the Texas Military Forces. This includes Texas Air National Guard, Texas Army National Guard, and Texas State Guard. This medal may only be awarded to federal military personnel, or state military personnel who serve in the Armed Forces of the State of Texas. The neck ribbon is green with white stars, and the medal features an image of the reverse of the Seal of Texas, including Vince's Bridge, cannon of the Battle of Gonzales, Alamo Mission

neg: 2010 Alamo Bowl (January) 2010 Alamo Bowl (January) The 2010 Alamo Bowl (known via corporate sponsorship as the Valero Alamo Bowl) was a college football bowl game played at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas on Saturday, January 2, 2010. It was the 17th edition of the Alamo Bowl. The game featured the Michigan State Spartans against the Texas Tech Red Raiders. The 2010 game was the last one to feature a team from the Big Ten Conference. In the fall of 2009, it was announced that the Pacific-10 Conference's second-place team would take part in the Alamo Bowl instead of the Holiday Bowl.

neg: South Alamo, Texas South Alamo, Texas South Alamo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas. The area is known locally as "Little Mex (Mexico)". The population was 3,361 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area. South Alamo is located at (26.150741, -98.111956). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,101 people, 649 households, and 608 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,536.2 people per square mile (592.7/km²). There were 703 housing units

neg: Gail Borden in Texas still in operation. Their 21st issue was published on March 24. This contained the first list of names of Texans who died at the Battle of the Alamo. On March 27, the Texas Army reached San Felipe, carrying word that the Mexican advance guard was approaching. According to a later editorial in the "Telegraph", the publishers were "the last to consent to move". The Bordens dismantled the printing press and brought it with them as they evacuated with the rear guard on March 30. The Bordens retreated to Harrisburg. On April 14, as they were in the process

neg: 2012 Alamo Bowl 2012 Alamo Bowl The 2012 Valero Alamo Bowl, the 20th edition of the game, was a postseason college football bowl game between the Texas Longhorns and the Oregon State Beavers at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, held on December 29, 2012 at 5:45 p.m. CST and was broadcast on ESPN. The game was the final contest of the 2012 NCAA Division I-Football Bowl Subdivision (Division I-FBS) football season for both teams, and ended in a 31–27 victory for Texas. Texas represented the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) in the game, while Oregon State represented the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Texas

neg: Alamo Heights High School Alamo Heights High School Alamo Heights High School is a public high school located in the city of Alamo Heights, Texas and is the only high school in the Alamo Heights Independent School District. Most of the students who attend Alamo Heights HS also attended Alamo Heights Junior School (6-8), either Woodridge Elementary or Cambridge Elementary (1-5), and Howard Early Childhood Center (PreK-K). There is also alternative school at the Robbins Academy (6-12). Others come from nearby private or parochial schools such as St. Luke's Episcopal, St. Mary's Hall, St. Peter Prince of the Apostles, The San Antonio Academy, St.

neg: Alamo Heights High School & Softball. JROTC also has athletic competitions such as PT (Physical training) Non-UIL sports include - Water Polo, Rugby and Lacrosse and Athletic Training. Alamo Heights High School Alamo Heights High School is a public high school located in the city of Alamo Heights, Texas and is the only high school in the Alamo Heights Independent School District. Most of the students who attend Alamo Heights HS also attended Alamo Heights Junior School (6-8), either Woodridge Elementary or Cambridge Elementary (1-5), and Howard Early Childhood Center (PreK-K). There is also alternative school at the Robbins Academy (6-12). Others come from

neg: James Bonham the time, he is believed to have died manning one of the cannons in the interior of the Alamo chapel. The town of Bonham, Texas, is named for him. Bonham is the county seat of Fannin County, named for the commander who Bonham tried to enjoin for assistance at the Alamo. A 1936 Texas Centennial Marker was placed on the courthouse square in the city of Bonham. The monument displays a statue of Bonham by Texas sculptor Allie Tennant. Many Texas schools are named after James Bonham, for example, in the cities of Abilene, Amarillo, Bryan, Dallas, El Paso, Houston,