query: who created the cave paintings of altamira spain

pos: Cave of Altamira the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. In the millennia between these two occupations, the cave was evidently inhabited only by wild animals. Human occupants of the site were well-positioned to take advantage of the rich wildlife that grazed in the valleys of the surrounding mountains as well as the marine life available in nearby coastal areas. Around 13,000 years ago a rockfall sealed the cave's entrance, preserving its contents until its eventual discovery, which occurred after a nearby tree fell and disturbed the fallen rocks. Human occupation was limited to the cave mouth, although paintings were created throughout the length

neg: Cave of Altamira outside Spain) about the discovery of the caves, starring Antonio Banderas and with music by Mark Knopfler. Cave of Altamira The Cave of Altamira (; ) is a cave located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain, that is renowned for its numerous parietal cave paintings featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands, created during the Upper Paleolithic. The earliest paintings in the cave were executed around 36,000 years ago. It was discovered by Modesto Cubillas in 1868. Aside from the striking quality of its polychromatic art, Altamira's fame stems

neg: Cave of Altamira Cave of Altamira The Cave of Altamira (; ) is a cave located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain, that is renowned for its numerous parietal cave paintings featuring charcoal drawings and polychrome paintings of contemporary local fauna and human hands, created during the Upper Paleolithic. The earliest paintings in the cave were executed around 36,000 years ago. It was discovered by Modesto Cubillas in 1868. Aside from the striking quality of its polychromatic art, Altamira's fame stems from the fact that its paintings were the first European cave paintings for which a prehistoric origin

neg: 7742 Altamira artists who created them. The cave with its paintings has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The asteroid's name was proposed by Czech astronomer Miloš Tichý. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 June 2002 (). 7742 Altamira 7742 Altamira, provisional designation , is a Henan asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at the South Bohemian Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic, on 20 October 1985. It was named for the Cave of Altamira in Spain. "Altamira"

neg: Altamira (film) Altamira (film) Finding Altamira (released as Altamira in Spain) is a 2016 Spanish biographical drama film starring Antonio Banderas, and directed by Hugh Hudson. It is Hudson's first fiction film since "I Dreamed of Africa" in 2000. It was shot in Santillana del Mar, Comillas, Puente San Miguel and Santander at the end of 2014 and was released at the beginning of 2015. The film chronicles the groundbreaking discovery of stone age cave paintings in the Cave of Altamira in Cantabria, Spain, and the subsequent controversy by leading religious and scientific figures of the day. The music was composed by

neg: Cave of Altamira horses and goats, as well as handprints that were created when artists placed their hands on the cave wall and blew pigment over them to leave a negative image. Numerous other caves in northern Spain contain Paleolithic art, but none is as complex or well-populated as Altamira. In 1879, amateur archaeologist Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola was led by his eight-year-old daughter María to discover the cave's drawings. The cave was excavated by Sautuola and archaeologist Juan Vilanova y Piera from the University of Madrid, resulting in a much acclaimed publication in 1880 which interpreted the paintings as Paleolithic in origin.

neg: Tito Bustillo Cave but the cave was probably inhabited before that time. The Tito Bustillo Cave has been designated a World Heritage Site, as part of the Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain, and it counts with 12 prehistorical paintings, making it one of the most complete examples of the prehistoric art in the north of Spain. The oldest of these paintings shows human figures and is around 33,000 years old, as determined by radiocarbon dating. Some scientists believe it could have been made by Neanderthals, though this theory hasn't been proven. Some of the paintings represent animals: horses,

neg: Cave of Altamira based on advice from a group of experts who had found that the conservation conditions inside the cave had become much more stable since the closure. Some of the polychrome paintings at Altamira Cave are well known in Spanish popular culture. The logo used by the autonomous government of Cantabria to promote tourism to the region is based on one of the bisons in this cave. "Bisonte" (Spanish for "bison"), a Spanish cigarette brand of the 20th century, also used a Paleolithic style bison figure along with its logo. The Spanish comic series "Altamiro de la Cueva", created in 1965,

neg: Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Solutrean periods of the Upper Paleolithic. This cave's artistic style represents the Franco-cantabrian school, characterized by the realism of its figural representation. Altamira Cave was declared a World Heritage Site in 1985. In 2008 the World Heritage Site was expanded to include 17 additional caves located in three autonomous regions of northern Spain: Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque Country. Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Under the name Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain () are grouped 18 caves of northern Spain, which together represent the apogee of Upper Paleolithic cave art

neg: Cave of Altxerri group known as the Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain. Cave of Altxerri The Cave of Altxerri (in Spanish "Cueva de Altxerri", and in Basque "Altxerriko leizea" or "Altxerriko koba") is located in the municipality of Aya (Gipuzkoa) in the Basque Country (Spain). The original grotto preserves rock paintings and engravings which have been dated from the end of the Upper Magdalenian period, within the Upper Paleolithic; the pictures situated in an upper gallery, known as Altxerri B, have been dated in a 2013 study as the oldest stone paintings in Europe, with an estimated age

neg: Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Under the name Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain () are grouped 18 caves of northern Spain, which together represent the apogee of Upper Paleolithic cave art in Europe between 35,000 and 11,000 years ago (Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian). They have been collectively designated a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 2008. Chief among these caves is Altamira, located within the town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria. It remains one of the most important painting cycles of prehistory, originating in the Magdalenian and

neg: 7742 Altamira of hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (). According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Altamira" measures 6.5 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.184. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 8.7 kilometers. This minor planet was named after the famous Cave of Altamira, located in northern Spain. Discovered in 1879, its prehistoric cave paintings feature drawings of wild bison, deer, horses and boar, as well as handprints of the

neg: History of painting of humans in cave paintings was rare. Mostly, animals were painted, not only animals that were used as food but also animals that represented strength like the rhinoceros or large Felidae, as in the Chauvet Cave. Signs like dots were sometimes drawn. Rare human representations include handprints and stencils, and figures depicting human / animal hybrids. The Chauvet Cave in the Ardèche Departments of France contains the most important preserved cave paintings of the Paleolithic era, painted around 31,000 BC. The Altamira cave paintings in Spain were done 14,000 to 12,000 BC and show, among others, bisons. The hall of

neg: Tourism in Spain full of artworks is one of the largest European Royal Palaces, which is characterized by its luxurious rooms and its rich collections of armors and weapons, pharmaceutical, silverware, watches, paintings, tapestries and the most comprehensive collection of Stradivarius in the world The National Archaeological Museum of Spain collection includes, among others, Pre-historic, Celtic, Iberian, Greek and Roman antiquities and medieval (Visigothic, Muslim and Christian) objects. Highlights include a replica of the Altamira cave (the first cave in which prehistoric cave paintings were discovered), Lady of Elche (an enigmatic polychrome stone bust), Lady of Baza (a famous example of Iberian sculpture),

neg: Caves in Cantabria fossils in a Lower Gallery, one of the best preserved Magdaleinian period floors. It is part of the Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site. The Cave of Hornos de la Peña Cave was discovered in 1903 and is situated on a hill near the village of Tarriba, San Felices de Buelna. The most notable paintings are a headless bison, horse and others at various levels in the first room; the second set of 35 figures consists of animals such as horses, bison, aurochs, goats and others. The paintings were dated to the initial

neg: Art of Europe cave painting in central Europe) and Magura, Belogradchik, Bulgaria. Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces, but fewer of those have survived because of erosion. One well-known example is the rock paintings of Astuvansalmi in the Saimaa area of Finland. When Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola first encountered the Magdalenian paintings of the Altamira cave, Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. Recent reappraisals and numerous additional discoveries have since demonstrated their authenticity, while at the same time stimulating interest in the artistry of Upper Palaeolithic peoples. Cave paintings, undertaken with only the most rudimentary

neg: Cave of Altamira 20,000 years rather than during a comparatively brief period. A later study published in 2012 based on data obtained from further uranium-thorium dating research, dated some paintings in several caves in North Spain, including some of the claviform signs in the "Gran sala" of Altamira. The oldest sign found, a "large red claviform-like symbol of "Techo de los Polícromos"", was dated to (corrected), i.e. still well within the Aurignacian. A red dotted outline horse, also in the "Techo de los Polícromos" chamber, was dated to During the 1970s and 2000s, the paintings were being damaged by the carbon dioxide and

neg: Santimamiñe included as a World Heritage Site within "Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain". Santimamiñe Santimamiñe cave, Kortezubi, Biscay, Basque Country, Spain, is one of the most important archaeological sites of the Basque Country, including a nearly complete sequence from the Middle Paleolithic to the Iron Age. Its complete sequence includes the following cultures: Plus unclassified remains of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze and Iron ages. It is best known for its mural paintings of the Magdalenian period, depicting bisons, horses, goats and deers. Its excellent location over the Urdaibai estuary was probably most important in its continued

neg: Cave of Altamira out the artist could have used marrow fat as oil for the lamp, producing much less soot than any other combustibles. Alcohol was not available at the time as far as we know. Still, it remains unexplained how the paintings in Altamira cave remained unaltered being wet. It was not until 1902, when several other findings of prehistoric paintings had served to render the hypothesis of the extreme antiquity of the Altamira paintings less offensive, that the scientific society retracted their opposition to the Spaniards. That year, Emile Cartailhac emphatically admitted his mistake in the famous article, "Mea culpa d'un

neg: Elaine de Kooning painting a year after John F. Kennedy's death. Later in life, Elaine produced a series of paintings inspired by the paleolithic cave paintings of Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. In Paleolithic art she found the roots of Abstract Expressionism, since they have the same improvisational processes and spontaneous technique. In other words, "she found Paleolithic art close in spirit to twentieth-century art." In 1985 when Elaine de Kooning visited the cave in the Spanish Pyrenees, she realized that the geological formations and textures of the cave wall were the same as her ground of flying color, drips, washes,

neg: Cave of Altamira are a consequence of the fame of Altamira Cave. The comic series depicts the adventures of a group of prehistoric cavemen, shown as modern people, but dressed in pieces of fur, a bit like the Flintstones. The song "The Caves of Altamira" appears on the 1976 album "The Royal Scam" by jazz-rock band Steely Dan, later covered by soul group Perri. The mid-20th-century modern dinnerware line Primitive, designed by Viktor Schreckengost for the American pottery company Salem China, was based on the bison, deer, and stick figure hunters depicted in the Altamira cave paintings. The song "Cuevas de Altamira" (Caves

neg: Solutrean hypothesis kind we would expect to find transmitted from east to west; cave paintings of a kind associated with the Cave of Altamira in Spain, for instance, are without close parallel in the New World. In response, Bradley and Stanford contend that it was "a very specific subset of the Solutrean who formed the parent group that adapted to a maritime environment and eventually made it across the north Atlantic ice-front to colonize the east coast of the Americas" and that this group may not have exhibited the full range of Solutrean cultural traits. A carved piece of bone depicting a

neg: Spain of these prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the Altamira cave of Cantabria in northern Iberia, which were created from 35,600 to 13,500 BCE by Cro-Magnon. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age. The largest groups inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman conquest were the Iberians and the Celts. The Iberians inhabited the Mediterranean side of the peninsula, from the northeast to the southeast. The Celts inhabited much of the inner and Atlantic sides

neg: Cave painting Russia (~16,000 y.o. art). Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces; but fewer of those have survived because of erosion. One example is the rock paintings of Astuvansalmi (3000–2500 BC) in the Saimaa area of Finland. When Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola first encountered the Magdalenian paintings of the Altamira cave, Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. Recent reappraisals and numerous additional discoveries have since demonstrated their authenticity, while at the same time stimulating interest in the artistry of Upper Palaeolithic peoples. Originating in the Paleolithic period, the rock art found in Khoit Tsenkher

neg: Vasco-Cantabria paintings. The UNESCO World Heritage Site "Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain" consists of ten caves in Cantabria and three in the Basque County, as well as five from the Comarca de Oriente, the easternmost part of Asturias. The region is and was part of the Eurosiberian climatic zone, and remained relatively moist throughout the period, unlike much of Spain. In the relevant period common trees included birch, Scots pine, beech, juniper and willow, these fluctuating with changes in temperature. The animal remains commonly found at human sites include red deer, aurochs, ibex, horse and goats.

neg: Cave of Altamira sceptique", published in the journal "L'Anthropologie". Sautuola, having died 14 years earlier, did not live to witness his rehabilitation. Further excavation work on the cave was done by Hermilio Alcalde del Río between 1902–04, the German Hugo Obermaier between 1924–25 and finally by Joaquín González Echegaray in 1968. There is no scientific agreement on the dating of the archeological artifacts found in the cave, nor the drawings and paintings, and scientists continue to evaluate the age of the cave art at Altamira. In 2008, researchers using uranium-thorium dating found that the paintings were completed over a period of up to

neg: National Museum and Research Center of Altamira National Museum and Research Center of Altamira The National Museum and Research Center of Altamira () is a center dedicated to the conservation of, research into and the sharing of information about the cave of Altamira in Santillana del Mar (Cantabria, Spain), named a World Heritage Site by Unesco. The museum offers prehistoric technology workshops to visitors, as well as a permanent exhibition called "Times of Altamira", which contains objects from Altamira as well as those from other palaeolithic caves of Cantabria such as "El Morín", "El Juyo" and "El Rascaño". The New Altamira Cave, or "Neocave", is also part

neg: Cave of Altamira water vapor in the breath of the large number of visitors. Altamira was completely closed to the public in 1977, and reopened to limited access in 1982. Very few visitors were allowed in per day, resulting in a three-year waiting list. After green mold began to appear on some paintings in 2002, the caves were closed to public access. A replica cave and museum were built nearby and completed in 2001 by Manuel Franquelo and Sven Nebel, reproducing the cave and its art. The replica allows a more comfortable view of the polychrome paintings of the main hall of the

neg: Ochre ancient Australia. Pleistocene burials with red ochre date as early as 40,000 BP and ochre played a role in expressing symbolic ideologies of the earliest arrivals to the continent. In Wales, the paleolithic burial called the Red Lady of Paviland from its coating of red ochre has been dated to around 33,000 years before present. Paintings of animals made with red and yellow ochre pigments have been found in paleolithic sites at Pech Merle in France (ca. 25,000 years old), and the cave of Altamira in Spain (ca. 15,000-16,500 BC). The cave of Lascaux has an image of a horse

neg: Émile Cartailhac Gravettian cave art in 1906. He was (together with Breuill and Marcellin Boule) one of the founders of "Institut de paléontologie humaine" in Paris (following a generous donation from Albert I). When Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola's daughter María discovered the paintings in Altamira and Sautuola, together with professor Vilanova, published their findings in 1880, Cartailhac was one of the leaders of the scientists who, suddenly facing a revolutionary change in the view of the prehistoric man, ridiculed these paintings at the 1880 Prehistorical Congress in Lisbon. Due to this opinion, the members of the congress did not even visit Altamira.

neg: Leon Underwood there. He was a friend of Ralph Chubb with whom he sometimes collaborated and exhibited. He wrote a number of books on ancient African sculpture, including a study of the Ife and Benin heads, "Bronzes of West Africa" which show his pioneering appreciation of their artistic significance and his understanding of their relationship to the culture and technology from which they originated. His access to the cave paintings of Altamira in Spain ignited his ""New Philosophy"" with regard to this interelationship of the expressiveness and technology of primitive art. Among his students was Henry Moore, who later spoke of his

neg: Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola into the Botín family of Cantabrian bourgeoisie. The current owners of Banco Santander are Sautuola's descendants. Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola Don Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola or Marcelino de Sautuola was a Spanish jurist and amateur archaeologist who owned the land where the Altamira cave was found. The Altamira cave, now famous for its unique collection of prehistoric art, was well known to local people, but had not been given much attention until in 1868, when it was "discovered" by the hunter Modesto Peres. Sautuola then started exploring the caves in 1875. He did not become aware of the paintings, however,

neg: Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola Don Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola or Marcelino de Sautuola was a Spanish jurist and amateur archaeologist who owned the land where the Altamira cave was found. The Altamira cave, now famous for its unique collection of prehistoric art, was well known to local people, but had not been given much attention until in 1868, when it was "discovered" by the hunter Modesto Peres. Sautuola then started exploring the caves in 1875. He did not become aware of the paintings, however, until 1879, when his daughter Maria, nine years old at the time, incidentally noticed that the

neg: Stone Age about 36,000 BCE. The Altamira cave paintings in Spain were done 14,000 to 12,000 BCE and show, among others, bisons. The hall of bulls in Lascaux, Dordogne, France, dates from about 15,000 to 10,000 BCE. The meaning of many of these paintings remains unknown. They may have been used for seasonal rituals. The animals are accompanied by signs that suggest a possible magic use. Arrow-like symbols in Lascaux are sometimes interpreted as calendar or almanac use, but the evidence remains interpretative. Some scenes of the Mesolithic, however, can be typed and therefore, judging from their various modifications, are fairly clear.

neg: History of Spain of Atapuerca; a flint tool found there dates from 1.4 million years ago, and early human fossils date to roughly 1.2 million years ago. Modern humans in the form of Cro-Magnons began arriving in the Iberian Peninsula from north of the Pyrenees some 35,000 years ago. The most conspicuous sign of prehistoric human settlements are the famous paintings in the northern Spanish cave of Altamira, which were done c. 15,000 BC and are regarded as paramount instances of cave art. Furthermore, archeological evidence in places like Los Millares and El Argar, both in the province of Almería, and La Almoloya

neg: Spanish art with the huge exception of Francisco Goya. The rest of 19th-century Spanish art followed European trends, generally at a conservative pace, until the Catalan movement of Modernisme, which initially was more a form of Art Nouveau. Picasso dominates Spanish Modernism in the usual English sense, but Juan Gris, Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró are other leading figures. The early Iberians have left many remains; northern-western Spain shares with south-western France the region where the richest Upper Paleolithic art in Europe is found in the Cave of Altamira and other sites where there are cave paintings made between 35,000 and 11,000

neg: Cave of Altamira and declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as the central element of the "Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain". The cave is approximately 1000 meters long and consists of a series of twisting passages and chambers. The main passage varies from two to six meters in height. The cave was formed through collapses following early Karst phenomena in the calcareous rock of Mount Vispieres. Archaeological excavations in the cave floor found rich deposits of artifacts from the Upper Solutrean (c.18,500 years ago) and Lower Magdalenian (between c.16,590 and 14,000 years ago). Both periods belong to

neg: Cave of Altamira cave, as well as a selection of minor works. It also includes some sculptures of human faces that are not visitable in the real cave. As well as the adjacent National Museum and Research Center of Altamira there are reproductions in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain (Madrid), in the Deutsches Museum in Munich (completed 1964) and in Japan (completed 1993). During 2010 there were plans to reopen access to the cave towards the end of that year. In December 2010, however, the Spanish Ministry of Culture decided that the cave would remain closed to the public. This decision was

neg: Mathias Goeritz War, Goeritz left Germany, settling first in Tetuan, Morocco. He and photographer Marianne Gast married in 1942, and the couple settled in Granada, Spain just after the war ended in 1945. Goeritz's career as a professional artist began with his first solo exhibition at the Librería-Galería Clan in Madrid in June 1946 under the pseudonym "Ma-Gó". The Goeritzs relocated to Madrid in 1947. There, Goeritz developed a close friendship with Spanish sculptor Ángel Ferrant. In the summer of 1948, Goeritz and Ferrant traveled to visit the prehistoric paintings of the Cave of Altamira in the north of Spain, along with

neg: The Tilled Field possibly a pinecone, or perhaps a leaf or a spider; at the base of the tree is a folded newspaper with the French word "jour" (day). Further right, in the background, is a human figure following a cattle-drawn plough, based on the Altamira cave paintings. Also in the background, towards the centre, is a ramshackle house with chimney, and further left a tree-like object bearing the flags of France, Spain and Catalonia. Another plant-like object to the left bears a further flag, possibly French, perhaps symbolising the border between France (left) and Spain (right) It is held by the Solomon

neg: La Garma cave complex La Garma cave complex The La Garma cave complex is a parietal art-bearing paleoanthropological cave system in Cantabria, Spain. It is located just north of the village of Omoño, part of the municipality of Ribamontán al Monte. The cave complex is noted for one of the best preserved floors from the Paleolithic containing over 4,000 fossils and over 500 graphical units. It is part of the Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site. The La Garma cave complex is a parietal art-bearing paleoanthropological cave system in Cantabria, Spain, located on the southern side of

neg: National Museum and Research Center of Altamira of this exhibition: an artificial replica of the original caves, built in order to preserve the originals from damage arising from a massive influx of visitors. National Museum and Research Center of Altamira The National Museum and Research Center of Altamira () is a center dedicated to the conservation of, research into and the sharing of information about the cave of Altamira in Santillana del Mar (Cantabria, Spain), named a World Heritage Site by Unesco. The museum offers prehistoric technology workshops to visitors, as well as a permanent exhibition called "Times of Altamira", which contains objects from Altamira as well

neg: Prehistoric Indonesia human hands that were pressed against the cave wall surfaces. The second is a less common style of cave art, characterized by images drawn of larger, naturalistic profile paintings of wild land mammals that were endemic to the island diring the Pleistocene period, such as miniature buffalos and warty pigs. Other than Altamira, the Maros cave art is one of the most extensive sites of cave rock art in the world. These Indonesian prehistoric cave paintings might be the oldest cave art in the world. This find has challenged the established interpretation that Europe was the birthplace of prehistoric rock

neg: 7742 Altamira 7742 Altamira 7742 Altamira, provisional designation , is a Henan asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at the South Bohemian Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic, on 20 October 1985. It was named for the Cave of Altamira in Spain. "Altamira" is a member of the Henan family (), a large asteroid family in the intermediate main-belt, named after 2085 Henan. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,639

neg: Cave of Altamira of Altamira) appears on the 1978 album "Cuevas de Altamira" by the symphonic progressive rock-folk group Ibio from Cantabria. The iconic bison image has been used for the cover of the poetry collection "Songs for the Devil and Death" by Scottish author Hal Duncan. The protagonist in Satyajit Ray's film "Agantuk" was inspired by the charging Bison painting to leave his home and study tribals. In 2007, it was selected as one of the "12 Treasures of Spain", a contest conducted by broadcasters Antena 3 and COPE. In 2016, British Director Hugh Hudson released the film "Altamira" (called "Finding Altamira"

neg: Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola Spaniards. That year, the towering French archaeologist Émile Cartailhac, who had been one of the leading critics, emphatically admitted his mistake in the famous article, "Mea culpa d'un sceptique", published in the journal "L'Anthropologie". Sautuola had died 14 years earlier, and did not live to enjoy the restitution of his honour or the later scientific confirmation of his premonitions. Modern dating techniques have since confirmed that the paintings of the Altamira cave were created over extended periods between 11,000 and 19,000 years ago. For the study of Paleolithic art Sautuola's discoveries must now be considered pivotal. Sautuola's daughter later married

neg: Sidney Blatt progression to types of psychopathology. As part of these formulations, Roth & Blatt noted an association between the representation of transparent and cross-sectional images and suicidality, an observation subsequently supported by empirical investigation Cultural development of modes of representation. Blatt and his wife Ethel, applying developmental theory to an analysis of cultural development, examined the development of the capacity to represent a three-dimensional reality on a two dimensional surface in the development of painting in Western Civilization, from the Paleolithic cave paintings at Altamira in Spain and Lascaux in France, to the conceptual modern art of Pollock and Agam. They

neg: Torrelavega de Pie de Concha, Molledo, Anievas and San Felices de Buelna. Its highest point is 606 metres and its lowest point is 12 metres. Torrelavega is a regional center for industry and transport, and its weekly livestock fair is famous in Spain. Its stadium is known as El Malecon. The Cave of Altamira, famed for the prehistoric paintings found inside, is about 10 kilometers northwest of the city. Torrelavega was founded at the end of the thirteenth century by Garci Lasso de la Vega I (the elder), Adelantado Mayor of the Kingdom of Castile in the name of King Alfonso

neg: Indian art of ancient art in other cultures. Rock art of India includes rock relief carvings, engravings and paintings. It is estimated there are about 1300 rock art sites with over a quarter of a million figures and figurines. The earliest rock carvings in India were discovered by Archibald Carlleyle, twelve years before the Cave of Altamira in Spain, although his work only came to light much later via J Cockburn (1899). Dr. V. S. Wakankar discovered several painted rock shelters in Central India, situated around the Vindhya mountain range. Of these, the Bhimbetka rock shelters have been deemed a UNESCO World

neg: Entomophagy also entomophagous. Insectivory also features to various degrees amongst extant primates, such as marmosets and tamarins, and some researchers suggest that the earliest primates were nocturnal, arboreal insectivores. Similarly, most extant apes are insectivorous to some degree. Cave paintings in Altamira, north Spain, which have been dated from about 30,000 to 9,000 BC, depict the collection of edible insects and wild bee nests, suggesting a possibly entomophagous society. Cocoons of wild silkworm ("Triuncina religiosae") were found in ruins in the Shanxi province of China, from 2,000 to 2,500 years BC. The cocoons were discovered with large holes in them, suggesting

neg: Cave of Altamira of the cave. The artists used charcoal and ochre or haematite to create the images, often diluting these pigments to produce variations in intensity and creating an impression of chiaroscuro. They also exploited the natural contours of the cave walls to give their subjects a three-dimensional effect. The Polychrome Ceiling is the most impressive feature of the cave, depicting a herd of extinct steppe bison ("Bison priscus") in different poses, two horses, a large doe, and possibly a wild boar. Dated to the Magdalenian occupation, these paintings include abstract shapes in addition to animal subjects. Solutrean paintings include images of

neg: Cave of Altamira was suggested and promoted. Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola published his research with the support of Juan de Vilanova y Piera in 1880 to initial public acclaim. However, the publication of Sanz de Sautuola's research quickly led to a bitter public controversy among experts, some of whom rejected the prehistoric origin of the paintings on the grounds that prehistoric human beings lacked sufficient ability for abstract thought. The row continued until 1902, as reports of similar findings of prehistoric paintings in the franco-cantabrian region had accumulated, and the evidence could no longer be rejected. Altamira is located in the Franco-Cantabrian region

neg: Cave of Chufín Cave of Chufín The cave of Chufín located in the town of Riclones in Cantabria (Spain). It is located in the place of confluence of the Lamasón and Nansa rivers in an environment with steep slopes where there are several caves with rock art. It is one of the caves included in the list of World Heritage of UNESCO since July 2008, within the site «Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain». It was discovered by the photographer Manuel de Cos Borbolla, natural of Rabago (Cantabria) In Chufín found different levels of occupation, the oldest being around

neg: Tarpan and Spain east to central Russia. There are cave drawings of primitive predomestication horses at Lascaux, France and in Cave of Altamira, Spain, as well as artifacts believed to show the species in southern Russia, where a horse of this type was domesticated around 3000 BCE. "Equus ferus" had a continuous range from western Europe to Alaska; historic material suggests wild horses lived in most parts of Holocene Europe and the Eurasian steppe, except for parts of Scandinavia, Iceland and Ireland. The "forest horse" or "forest tarpan" was a hypothesis of various 19th-century natural scientists, including Tadeusz Vetulani, who suggested

neg: Deer Cave (Otranto) inside the Neolithic communities. It is not inappropriate, she writes to remind that difficulties remain for interpretations of the immaterial world of prehistory and its unexpressed concepts. The paintings of the Grotta dei Cervi are attributed to the late Neolithic that makes them 20,000 years more recent than most well known Paleolithic cave paintings, such as Lascaux and Altamira. Mediterranean societies of the late Neolithic era had begun to engage in community organisation and planning (Printed ceramics industry, farming, towns, religion) and individuals pursued the first specialized traits. The authors of these paintings had to be individuals invested with special

neg: Escoural Cave recorded traces of a village that existed throughout the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic. The monument is a singular example of Neolithic Portuguese archaeology, whose prehistoric art paintings are comparable to those of Altamira and Lascaux. The site was the first in Portugal in which prehistoric art was identified, and the only location that has examples of Paleolithic artwork. There have been identified hundreds of motifs, engravings and paintings of animals, abstract forms and geometric shapes in the archaeological site. Escoural Cave The Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Escoural Cave () is a structure known for its Paleolithic-era rock-art and funerary burial

neg: Caves in Cantabria Chimeneas, the Cave of Las Monedas and the Cave of La Pasiega. The Cave of La Pasiega located in Puente Viesgo is included in the UNESCO schedule of Human Heritage since July 2008, under the citation "Cave of Altamira". The Cave del Porquerizo is in the town of Celis, in the municipality of Rionansa. It is reached by a path leading up from the center of town, which then traverses down a steep slope. There are remnants of the cave's occupation from the Solutrean era, as well as Paleolithic cave paintings, dating between 20,000 and 17,000 years old. There are

neg: Chauvet Cave cave." The cave has been sealed off to the public since 1994. Access is severely restricted owing to the experience with decorated caves such as Altamira and Lascaux found in the 19th and 20th century, where the admission of visitors on a large scale led to the growth of mold on the walls that damaged the art in places. In 2000 the archaeologist and expert on cave paintings Dominique Baffier was appointed to oversee conservation and management of the cave. She was followed in 2014 by Marie Bardisa. Caverne du Pont-d'Arc, a facsimile of Chauvet Cave on the model of

neg: Cave of Altamira The French specialists, led by Gabriel de Mortillet and Emile Cartailhac, were particularly adamant in rejecting the hypothesis of Sautuola and Piera, and their findings were loudly ridiculed at the 1880 Prehistorical Congress in Lisbon. Due to the supreme artistic quality, and the exceptional state of conservation of the paintings, Sautuola was even accused of forgery, as he was unable to answer why there were no soot (smoke) marks on the walls and ceilings of the cave. A fellow countryman maintained that the paintings had been produced by a contemporary artist, on Sautuola's orders. Later Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola found

neg: Sălaj County River, which gets its name from Hungarian "Szilágy" "elm creek", composed from "szil", "elm" and "ágy" "riverbed". On 28 July 1978, a team of speleologists discovered in the cave of Cuciulat Paleolithic paintings about 12,000 years old, unique in Romania. Called the "Romanian Altamira", this cave features several red paintings of animals, including horses and felines. These are the first manifestations of this kind known in Southeastern Europe. The first villages in the current territory of Sălaj County are 7,500 years old. The first ceramic pots in Sălaj area are about the same age. The first houses with several rooms

neg: Caves in Cantabria of Alfoz de Lloredo. This cave contains rock art, including two bison carved and painted in red, a doe, a horse, a clavate (club), a sign on the grill and several more configurations. These remains have been dated to the early or middle Magdalenian period. The Cave of Altamira is located near Santillana del Mar. This cave, called the "Sistine Chapel of Quaternary", is relatively small () and contains the rock paintings of sixteen bison, several depictions of deer, the largest of which is tall and of horses. The cave has been included in UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites

neg: Art of Europe Europe figurative sculpture greatly reduced, and remained a less common element in art than relief decoration of practical objects until the Roman period, despite some works such as the Gundestrup cauldron from the European Iron Age and the Bronze Age Trundholm sun chariot. The oldest European cave art dates back 40,800, and can be found in the El Castillo Cave in Spain. Other cave painting sites include Lascaux, Cave of Altamira, Grotte de Cussac, Pech Merle, Cave of Niaux, Chauvet Cave, Font-de-Gaume, Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire, England, (Cave etchings and bas-reliefs discovered in 2003), Coliboaia cave from Romania (considered the oldest

neg: Hugh Hudson stage design was created by the UK Artist Brian Clarke. In 2016, Hudson directed the period drama "Altamira", about the discovery of the famous Spanish cave paintings. The film stars Antonio Banderas and Rupert Everett. New York Times gave the film a glowing review. Released in two us cities the film then was distributed by Netflix in USA/Canada and Sky in the UK. The Spanish release was very successful. In 1988, Hudson directed a 2-minute advert for British Rail, a parody of the Post Office Film Unit's 25-minute documentary, "Night Mail", made in 1936. Poet W. H. Auden had written

neg: Marquess of Altamira Preysler and the actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, who is Filipino-American. Marquess of Altamira Marquess of Altamira is a Spanish noble title. In December 23, 1702, King Philip V of Spain granted the title to Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle y de la Rasa, 1st Marquess of Altamira from the previous title of Viscount Tagle. Famous members include Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquess of Altamira who was once the most influential and richest man in New Spain, Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle known as the "Father of Tequila" and first Empress of Mexico, Empress Ana Maria, who

neg: Palace of Altamira (Madrid) San Román, Count of Cabra and Altamira, Viscount of Iznajar, among others. He kept his large collection of paintings in the palace, one of the first in Spain. Moscoso y Ponce de Leon's will, made on August 7, 1861, reflects the works of art that he owned. He left several paintings by Goya (now in the Royal Palace of Madrid), Federico Madrazo and several others to Queen Elizabeth II, cousin of the wife of his eldest son, Jose Maria Osorio Moscoso y Carvajal, the Infanta Luisa Teresa de Borbón y Borbón Dos Sicilias (daughter of Infante Francisco de Paula de

neg: Cave of La Pasiega Cave of La Pasiega Cueva de La Pasiega, or Cave of La Pasiega, situated in the Spanish municipality of Puente Viesgo, is one of the most important monuments of Paleolithic art in Cantabria. It is included in the UNESCO schedule of Human Heritage since July 2008, under the citation "Cave of Altamira and palaeolithic cave art of Northern Spain." It is located in the heart of the uniprovincial community, in the middle of the Pas River valley, around the cave of Hornos de la Pena and Monte Castillo, in the same group of caves as Las Monedas, Las Chimeneas, and

neg: Marquess of Altamira Marquess of Altamira Marquess of Altamira is a Spanish noble title. In December 23, 1702, King Philip V of Spain granted the title to Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle y de la Rasa, 1st Marquess of Altamira from the previous title of Viscount Tagle. Famous members include Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquess of Altamira who was once the most influential and richest man in New Spain, Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle known as the "Father of Tequila" and first Empress of Mexico, Empress Ana Maria, who is the great great great grandniece of Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle.

neg: La Garma cave complex La Garma Hill, north of the village of Omoño, part of the municipality of Ribamontán al Monte. The cave complex contains over 4,000 fossils and over 500 graphical units, with 109 signs, 92 animal figures and 40 hand stencils. The cave complex is noted for containing one of the best preserved floors from the Paleolithic. La Garma is listed as part of the Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site. There are 10 archaeological sites situated around La Garma Hill (elevation above sea level): the Lower Gallery (Galería Inferior), La Garma A, La Garma

neg: Pair-non-Pair Pair-non-Pair The Pair-non-Pair Cave is located near the village of Prignac-et-Marcamps, Aquitaine:Gironde (33) department in France. Only discovered in 1881 it is known for remarkable prehistoric parietal engravings - petroglyphic representations of wild animals (horses, ibexes, cervidae, bovines and mammoths), "which rank among the most ancient examples of art made by prehistoric" humans, dating back to between 30.000 and 25.000 BP, the Aurignacian cultural period of the Upper Paleolithic. The third decorated cave ever to be discovered after Altamira in Spain and the Chabot cave in Ardèche it was the first cave ever to be classified and listed as a

neg: Magdalenian trade routes. Cave sites such as the world-famous Lascaux contain the best known examples of Magdalenian cave art. The site of Altamira in Spain, with its extensive and varied forms of Magdalenian mobiliary art has been suggested to be an agglomeration site where many small groups of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers congregated. In northern Spain and south-west France this tool culture was superseded by the Azilian culture. In northern Europe it was followed by different variants of the Tjongerian techno-complex. It has been suggested that key Late-glacial sites in south-western Britain also may be attributed to the Magdalenian, including the famous site

neg: Prehistoric Iberia Heritage Site of Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain; they are close to the coast in Cantabria, Asturias and the Basque Country. This artistic manifestation is found most importantly in the northern Cantabrian area, where the earliest manifestations, for example the Caves of Monte Castillo are as old as Aurignacian times. The practice of this mural art increases in frequency in the Solutrean period, when the first animals are drawn, but it is not until the Magdalenian cultural phase when it becomes truly widespread, being found in almost every cave. Most of the representations are of

neg: Cantabria moderate oceanic climate. The climate is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean winds trapped by the mountains; the average annual precipitation is about . Cantabria has archaeological sites from the Upper Paleolithic period, although the first signs of human occupation date from the Lower Paleolithic. The most significant site for cave paintings is that in the cave of Altamira, dating from about 37,000 BC and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The modern Province of Cantabria was constituted on 28 July 1778 at Puente San Miguel, Reocín. The Organic Law of the Autonomy Statute

neg: European bison the Asiatic part of what is now the Russian Federation. The European bison is known in southern Sweden only between 9500 and 8700 BP, and in Denmark similarly is documented only from the Pre-Boreal. It is not recorded from the British Isles nor from Italy or the Iberian Peninsula. A possible ancestor, the extinct steppe bison, "B. priscus", is known from across Eurasia and North America, last occurring 7,000 BC, and is depicted in the Cave of Altamira and Lascaux. Another possible ancestor, the Pleistocene woodland bison, "B. schoetensaki", was last present 36,000 BC. Cave paintings appear to distinguish between

neg: Art of the Upper Paleolithic years ago. The so-called Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave dates to about the same time. Other fine examples of art from the Upper Palaeolithic (broadly 40,000 to 10,000 years ago) includes: cave painting (such as at Chauvet, Lascaux, Altamira, Cosquer, and Pech Merle), incised / engraved cave art such as at Creswell Crags, portable art (such as animal carvings and sculptures like the Venus of Willendorf), and open-air art (such as the rock art of the Côa Valley and in Portugal; Domingo García and Siega Verde in Spain; and in France). There are numerous carved or engraved pieces of bone

neg: Cueva de la Pileta 20 people--as of 2017 reservations must be made in advance. Cueva de la Pileta Cueva de la Pileta ("Cave of the Pool" in English) is a cave in the province of Málaga (Spain) which has cave paintings and was discovered in 1905. It was investigated by Abbe Henri Breuil, a French Catholic priest, archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and geologist, who had come to Spain because of Colonel Verner's reporting of this important cave in Benaoján, near Ronda. Verner had been told of the cave that had been discovered by a Spanish farmer called José Bullón in 1905 who was looking for

neg: Cueva de la Pileta Cueva de la Pileta Cueva de la Pileta ("Cave of the Pool" in English) is a cave in the province of Málaga (Spain) which has cave paintings and was discovered in 1905. It was investigated by Abbe Henri Breuil, a French Catholic priest, archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and geologist, who had come to Spain because of Colonel Verner's reporting of this important cave in Benaoján, near Ronda. Verner had been told of the cave that had been discovered by a Spanish farmer called José Bullón in 1905 who was looking for bat guano around the original entrance in a place called

neg: The Royal Scam in 2000, Becker and Fagen revealed that "Kid Charlemagne" is loosely based on Augustus Owsley Stanley, the notorious drug "chef" who was famous for manufacturing hallucinogenic compounds, and that "Caves of Altamira", based on a book by Hans Baumann, is about the loss of innocence, the narrative about a visitor to the Cave of Altamira who registers his astonishment at the prehistoric drawings. It is also influenced by Plato's Cave Allegory and Keats' 'Ode to a Grecian Urn". The album was re-issued by MCA Records in 1979 following the sale of the ABC Records label to MCA. The album cover

neg: Prehistoric art figurative art were found in the Schwäbische Alb, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The earliest of these, the Venus figurine known as the Venus of Hohle Fels and the Lion-man figurine, date to some 40,000 years ago. Further depictional art from the Upper Palaeolithic period (broadly 40,000 to 10,000 years ago) includes cave painting (e.g., those at Chauvet, Altamira, Pech Merle, Arcy-sur-Cure and Lascaux) and portable art: Venus figurines like the Venus of Willendorf, as well as animal carvings like the Swimming Reindeer, Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies, and several of the objects known as bâtons de commandement. Paintings in Pettakere cave on

neg: Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquis of Altamira America and elsewhere. The Duke of Alburquerque has accused the Marquis of Altamira and some of his family members of illegal actions that breached the rules given by the King of Spain. Don Pedro, with his uncle, Marquis of Altamira and his cousin Don Domingo Ruiz de Tagle were imprisoned. The feud of two of Spain's most important aristocratic families did not go unnoticed to the Spanish Court as the news reached Madrid. Archbishop Juan Ortega y Montañés, who was also the former viceroy of New Spain, complained bitterly to King Philip V of Spain about the actions of the

neg: Caves of Monte Castillo Caves of Monte Castillo The Caves of Monte Castillo, located in the Cantabrian town of Puente Viesgo, contain one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the region. The complex of karstic caves is on the slopes of Monte Castillo, a hill south of Puente Viesgo, with an elevation of . It includes four out of the eighteen caves listed as World Heritage of UNESCO since July 2008 under the title of Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain: El Castillo, Las Chimeneas, and La Pasiega and Las Monedas. In addition, the complex includes a minor fifth

neg: Puente Viesgo black, being made with coal, and depict horses, goats, bears, bison and reindeer. The pictures of reindeer are believed to date back to the last ice age, about 13,000 years ago. Also in the municipality is the Cueva de La Pasiega, part of the World Heritage Site that includes the "Cave of Altamira and palaeolithic cave art of Northern Spain". Puente Viesgo is in the valley of the River Pas and is located in the central part of Cantabria, about west of the regional capital, Santander. It is surrounded by the verdant countryside of the coastal strip and lies between

neg: Prehistoric technology carvings and engravings of bone and ivory. The most common subject matter was large animals that were hunted by the people of the time. The Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain and Côa Valley Paleolithic Art are examples of such artwork. Musical instruments such as flutes emerged during this period. The Mesolithic period was a transitional era between the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, beginning with the Holocene warm period around 11,660 BP and ending with the Neolithic introduction of farming, the date of which varied in each geographical region. Adaptation was required during this period due to climate

neg: Henry Moore their contact with leading progressive artists, notably Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Jean Arp and Alberto Giacometti. Moore flirted with Surrealism, joining Paul Nash's modern art movement "Unit One", in 1933. In 1934, Moore visited Spain; he visited the cave of Altamira (which he described as the "Royal Academy of Cave Painting"), Madrid, Toledo and Pamplona. Moore and Nash were on the organising committee of the International Surrealist Exhibition, which took place in London in 1936. In 1937, Roland Penrose purchased an abstract 'Mother and Child' in stone from Moore that he displayed in the front garden of his house in

neg: Visual arts the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a "draftsman" or "draughtsman". Drawing goes back at least 16,000 years to Paleolithic cave representations of animals such as those at Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. In ancient Egypt, ink drawings on papyrus, often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases, initially geometric, later developed to the human form with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC.

neg: Cueva de los Casares and ideomorphs (including penises, vulvas, tools, and more abstract images). The cave and its paintings are little known to scholars outside Spain. Cueva de los Casares Cueva de los Casares is a cave in Riba de Saelices (Province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain). Discovered in 1933, it contains a number of paleolithic cave paintings, and is most notable for a series of paintings depicting what some have argued is the earliest representation of human understanding of the reproductive process, featuring images of copulation (perhaps mediated by a mysterious shaman figure), pregnancy, childbirth, and family life. Mammoths and other animals feature

neg: Mathias Goeritz writer Ricardo Gullón and others. It was then that Goeritz proposed the founding of an Escuela de Altamira (Altamira School), an association of artists and writers who would meet annually near the Cave, in 1948. The Escuela de Altamira would ultimately hold two meetings, in 1949 and 1950. Through the intervention of Mexican architect Ignacio Díaz Morales, Goeritz was offered a job teaching art history to the students of the newly founded Escuela de Arquitectura in Guadalajara, Mexico in 1949. In 1953 he first presented his "Manifiesto de la Arquitectura Emocional" (Emotional Architecture Manifesto) at the pre-inauguration of the Museo

neg: Caves in the district of Maros 2011 estimated that the hand stencils and animal painting on the walls were between 35,000 and 40,000 years old. The age of the paintings was estimated through analysis of small radioactive traces of uraniam isotopes present in the crust that had accumulated on top of the paintings. The hand paintings are at least as old as cave paintings in Europe, such as those at the Cave of El Castillo (Spain) and Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar). In October 2014 the Indonesian government promised to "step up" the protection of ancient cave paintings, and announced plans to place all the caves in Sulawesi

neg: Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquis of Altamira and Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle were brothers. He is also the great grandfather of Carlos O'Donnell, 2nd Duke of Tetuan and Grandee of Spain through his daughter Doña Luisa. The title of Marquis of Altamira has since been passed on to the descendants of his great grandson. The current holder of the title is Don Carlos O'Donnell, 15th Marquis of Altamira and Grandee of Spain Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira Don Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira (1733–1791)

neg: Manuela Sánchez de Tagle, 3rd Marquesa of Altamira Tagle y Sánchez de Tagle. She succeeded her father Don Pedro and became the 3rd Marquesa of Altamira. The marquesa and her husband continued on the family business and enriched the Hacienda Cuisillos, which was the prime distributor of tequila in New Spain. She was succeeded by her only daughter Doña Luisa Pérez de Tagle, who became the 4th Marquesa of Altamira Manuela Sánchez de Tagle, 3rd Marquesa of Altamira Doña Manuela Sánchez de Tagle y Sánchez de Tagle, 3rd Marquesa of Altamira was a Spanish-Mexican aristocrat. Doña Manuela was the daughter of Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquis

neg: Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquis of Altamira Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquis of Altamira Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle y de la Rasa, 1st Marquis of Altamira (1642 - 1710) was a Spanish aristocrat who gained great wealth and influence in New Spain during the 17th century. Don Luis was born on 1642 in Santillana, Spain. He was the son of Don Anselmo Sánchez de Tagle and his second wife, Doña Juliana de la Rasa Barreda. Through his father, he was a member of the House of Tagle, one of Spain's most important noble families whose origins can be traced back during the 6th century in

neg: Armamalai Cave Armamalai Cave Armamalai Cave is known for its Indian cave paintings. It is to the west of Malayampattu village which is from Ambur in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. The cave is in the protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India and it is a Tamil Nadu tourist attraction. Armamalai cave is a natural cave which was converted to a Jain temple in 8th century AD. The cave contains 8th century Jain paintings, petroglyphs, rock art and the remains of Jain saints. The mural paintings are on the roof and walls of the cave. The paintings were created

neg: Salvadorans El Salvador was inhabited by Paleo-Indians, the first peoples who subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period. Their intriguing paintings (the earliest of which date from 8000 BC) can still be seen and marveled at in caves outside the towns of Corinto and Cacaopera, both in Morazán. Originating in the Paleolithic period, these cave paintings exhibit the earliest traces of human life in El Salvador; these early Native Americans people used the cave as a refuge, Paleoindian artists created cave and rock paintings that are located in present-day El Salvador. The Lencas later occupied

neg: Émile Cartailhac Émile Cartailhac Émile Cartailhac (15 February 1845, Marseille – 26 November 1921, Geneva) was a French prehistorian, one of the founding fathers of the studies of the cave art. He is perhaps best remembered because of his involvement with the Altamira paintings. He got interested in prehistory (studies of which were then just beginning) at a very young age. He made excavations around the dolmens in Aveyron, and also in Portugal, Iceland and the Balearic Islands. In 1867 he was the supervisor of the prehistory section at a world's fair in Paris. Two years later, he became the chief editor

neg: Émile Cartailhac He changed his mind after several other caves with clearly prehistoric paintings had been found and visited the cave with Breuill in 1902. He apologised there to María de Sautuola (her father died in 1888) and promised her to do everything to clear don Marcelino's name (Sautuola had even been accused of forgery). His letter from 9 October 1902 says among other things: "We live in a new world". He also wrote a famous article, "Mea culpa d'un sceptique" in which he admitted he was deeply wrong, emphasized the importance of Altamira, accused himself of holding back the progress of

neg: Alice Rahon a Swiss photographer, with whom she was lifelong friends. Her life with Paalen also introduced her to travel, which she did much of during her life. In 1933, the couple visited the cave paintings at Altamira and in 1936, she traveled to India accompanied by poet Valentine Penrose. Both of these travels had impact on her life and art, even naming two cats Vishnu and Subhashini in her late life. She traveled extensively during much of her life with later voyages to Alaska, Canada, the United States, Lebanon and in Mexico. Rahon, Paalen and Sulzer were invited to visit Mexico

neg: Praileaitz Cave cave paintings. Praileaitz Cave The Praileaitz Cave (Basque for "Rock of the Monk" cave) is located in the municipality of Deba (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country). Early in August 2006, various paleolithic cave paintings were found during an archaeological excavation - a non-figurative iconographic grouping made up of smaller groups of red dots, either isolated or forming a series. Researchers have surmised that the paintings were created c. 18,000 years BP. The cave also yielded an unusual set of portable art on pebbles, with abstract forms that, in one case, suggested to the researchers resembled the Venus figurines found elsewhere in Paleolithic

neg: Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira Don Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira (1733–1791) was a Spanish-Mexican aristocrat. He was a member of the House of Tagle, one of Spain and Mexico's most important and influential noble family during the 16th to the 19th century. He was born on April 5, 1733 in Guadalajara, New Spain and was baptized on 12 April 1733. Don Manuel was the son of Don Juan Rodríguez de Albuerne and Doña Luisa Pérez de Tagle, 4th Marquesa of Altamira. Don Manuel inherited the

neg: Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet the French département of Marne. De Mortillet recognised the importance of the mobiliary art discovered by Lartet and Christie, commenting of such bone carvings, “They are not the work of children. They are the childhood of art”. However he was unable to accept the authenticity of the much more extensive cave art that was coming to light, conservatively and stiffly rejecting Sautuola's discovery of the paintings in Altamira as the original work of palaeolithic man. Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet (29 August 1821 – 25 September 1898), French archeologist and anthropologist, was born at Meylan,

neg: Rafael Altamira y Crevea Rafael Altamira y Crevea Rafael Altamira y Crevea (February 10, 1866 – June 1, 1951) was a Spanish historian and jurist. Born in Alicante, Altamira is considered to be one of the most significant Spanish historians of the 20th century, was a multi-faceted scholar who also took interest in journalism, pedagogy, politics, and literature. In 1898 Altamira, together with other professors of the Law School at the University of Oviedo, established the University Extension as a different area of the university structure. Its main goal was to spread the knowledge created by the universities by means of conferences, courses, and

neg: Cave of Chufín 20000 years old. The cave, small size, has some deep sentillez subtle engravings and paintings from red deer, goats and cattle that are represented very schematically. It also found a large number of symbols. One group, called type "sticks", accompanies the paintings inside animals. There is also a large number of drawings using points ("puntillaje"), including one which has been interpreted as a representation of a vulva. Cave of Chufín The cave of Chufín located in the town of Riclones in Cantabria (Spain). It is located in the place of confluence of the Lamasón and Nansa rivers in an environment