query: when was the immigration and nationality act passed

pos: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (), also known as the McCarran–Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It has been in effect since June 27, 1952. Before this Act, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text. The Cold War tension fueled fears and suspicions of infiltrating Communist and Soviet spies and sympathizers within American institutions and federal government, prompting the Second Red Scare and McCarthyism in the United States.

neg: British nationality law and Hong Kong but the deadline was extended to 31 December 1962 by the "British Nationality Act, 1958". British Nationality Acts were passed in 1958, 1964 and 1965, which mainly fine-tuned special provisions about CUKC status acquisition. Until 1962, all Commonwealth citizens could enter and stay in the United Kingdom without any restriction. Anticipating immigration waves from former and current colonies in Africa and Asia with the decolonisation of the 1960s, the United Kingdom passed the "Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 1962" and "Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 1968" to tighten immigration control for CUKCs into the United Kingdom. As such, CUKCs connected with Hong Kong were

neg: Emergency Quota Act increased unemployment. The combination of increased immigration from Europe at the time of higher American unemployment strengthened the anti-immigrant movement. The act, sponsored by Rep. Albert Johnson (R-Washington), was passed without a recorded vote in the U.S. House of Representatives and by a vote of 90-2-4 in the U.S. Senate. The Act was revised by the Immigration Act of 1924. The use of such a National Origins Formula continued until 1965 when the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 replaced it with a system of preferences based on immigrants' skills and family relationships with U.S. citizens or U.S. residents. Emergency

neg: Accidental American long they held that residence.) However, for U.S. citizens married to non-U.S. citizens, the required period of residence is longer; under the Nationality Act of 1940 and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, the required period of residence was set to ten years, five of which had to be after the age of 14. The Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1986 reduced this to five years, two of which had to be after the age of 14. This makes it possible in some cases for "accidental American" status to be passed down over multiple generations, for example if

neg: Immigration Act of 1917 Immigration Act of 1917 The Immigration Act of 1917 (also known as the Literacy Act and less often as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act) was the most sweeping immigration act the United States had passed until that time. It was the second act, after The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, aimed at restricting immigrants, and marked a turn toward nativism. The law imposed literacy tests on immigrants, created new categories of inadmissible persons, and barred immigration from the Asia-Pacific zone. It governed immigration policy until amended by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, also known as the McCarran–Walter Act.

neg: Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act The Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 (or H. R. 783) was an act by the United States Congress "to amend title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act to make changes in the laws relating to nationality and naturalization." The act amended the Immigration and Nationality Act by allowing to provide for the acquisition of United States citizenship from either parent for persons born abroad to parents, only one of whom is a United States citizen. The act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton, who said in his signing

neg: Immigration Act of 1882 Immigration Act of 1882, the United States Congress had passed two significant acts regarding immigration. The first was the Page Act of 1875, which restricted the immigration of forced laborers coming from Asia. This had a major effect on the immigration of Asian indentured workers and women; specifically women presumed to be immigrating to work as prostitutes. The second was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This act halted all legal immigration of Chinese laborers and is considered by many to be the first major exclusionary immigration restriction on an entire nationality enacted by the United States. While both of

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g) Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g) Section 287(g) of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to deputize selected state and local law enforcement officers to enforce federal immigration law. Section 287(g) allows the DHS and law enforcement agencies to make agreements, which require the state and local officers to receive training and work under the supervision of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. ICE provides the officers with authorization to identify, process, and—when appropriate—detain immigration offenders they encounter during their regular, daily law-enforcement activity. Section 287(g), codified at , was added by section 133

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 there are noted communists, socialists, and anti-American sympathizers. Parts of the Act remain in place today, but it has been amended many times and was modified substantially by the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965. When regulations issued under the authority of the of 1926 were challenged in "Haig v. Agee", Congress enacted § 707(b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979 (), amending § 215 of the Immigration and Nationality Act making it unlawful to travel abroad without a passport. Until that legislation, under the Travel Control Act of 1918, the president had the authority to

neg: Immigration by country restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. Following this time period, immigration fell because in 1924 Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, which favoured immigrant source countries that already had many immigrants in the U.S. by 1890. Immigration patterns of the 1930s were dominated by the Great Depression, and in the early 1930s, more people emigrated from the United States than immigrated to it. Immigration continued to fall throughout the 1940s and 1950s, but it increased again afterwards. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 or McCarran-Walter Act brought in major changes to immigration policy and the act removed the

neg: History of the Patriot Act the BSA by making it a crime to structure transactions in such a way as to avoid BSA reporting requirements. Immigration law was also tightened under the Patriot Act. The "Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952" (INA), also known as the "McCarran-Walter Act", was passed by Congress in 1952 and was designed to restrict immigration into the U.S. It allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities and also allowed the barring of suspected subversives from entering the country. The Act is codified under Title 8 of the United States Code, which primarily governs immigration

neg: Soviet Scientists Immigration Act of 1992 Soviet Scientists Immigration Act of 1992 Soviet Scientists Immigration Act of 1992 granted authorization for engineers and scientists from the post-Soviet states to acquire employment within America. The Act of Congress implemented specific provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act providing United States visas for former Soviet Union foreign nationals classified as scientific immigrants being employed in the continental United States. The Senate bill was passed by the 102nd United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 41st President of the United States George H.W. Bush on October 24, 1992. The 1992 public law was authored as four

neg: Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha 2001, until 2017, when the 115th Congress under President Donald Trump passed fifteen such vetoes, overturning various rules issued under the Obama administration. Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983), was a United States Supreme Court case ruling in 1983 that the one-house legislative veto violated the constitutional separation of powers. Section 244(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, , authorized the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to suspend deportation of an alien continually residing in the United States for at least seven years where the U.S. Attorney General, in his

neg: Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 to discourage Chinese immigration, the "Chinese Immigration Act" was passed. It went into effect on July 1, 1923. The "Act" banned Chinese immigrants from entering Canada except those under the following titles: The "Act" did not only apply to Chinese from China, but to ethnic Chinese with British nationality as well. Since Dominion Day coincided with the enforcement of the "Chinese Immigration Act", Chinese-Canadians at the time referred to the anniversary of Confederation as "Humiliation Day" and refused to take any part in the celebration. Because Canada became a signatory of the United Nations Charter of Human Rights following World

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 require passports for foreign travel only in time of war. Some provisions that excluded certain classes of immigrants based on their political beliefs were revoked by the Immigration Act of 1990, however members of Communist Parties are still banned from becoming citizens of the United States. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, President George W. Bush implemented the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System and other border and immigration controls. In January 2017, President Donald Trump's Executive Order 13769 made reference to the "Immigration and Nationality Act". Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (),

neg: National Origins Formula use of national quotas, but the Act was passed over his veto. The quotas were in addition to 600,000 refugees admitted from Europe after World War II. The National Origins Formula was abolished by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which marked a significant change in American immigration policy. It replaced the system with two quotas for the Western and Eastern hemispheres. National Origins Formula The National Origins Formula was an American system of immigration quotas, used between 1921 and 1965, which restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population. It aimed to reduce the overall

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 "constitutional psychopathic inferiority" until the Immigration Act of 1990 rescinded the provision discriminating against gay people. The Hart–Celler Act amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter Act), while it upheld many provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924. It maintained per-country limits, which had been a feature of U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s, and it developed preference categories. As per the rules under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), U.S. organizations are permitted to employ foreign workers either temporarily or permanently to fulfill certain types of job requirement. The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) under the U.S.

neg: Canadians It can also be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years and meets specific requirements. Canada established its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the "Canadian Citizenship Act" which took effect on January 1, 1947. The "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act" was passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2001 as Bill C-11, which replaced the "Immigration Act" of 1976 as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration. Prior to the conferring of legal status on Canadian citizenship, Canada's naturalization laws consisted of a multitude of Acts beginning with the

neg: Relinquishment of United States nationality of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (). The term "expatriation" was used in the initial version of that act (, 268) up until the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1986, when it was replaced by "relinquishment". The State Department continues to use both the terms "expatriation" and "relinquishment", and refers to the acts listed in as "potentially expatriating acts". "Renunciation" specifically describes two of those acts (swearing an oath of renunciation before a U.S. diplomatic officer outside of the United States, or before a U.S. government official designated by the Attorney-General inside the United States during a

neg: Naturalization Act of 1906 Naturalization Act of 1906 The Naturalization Act of 1906 was an act of the United States Congress signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt that revised the law from 1870 and required immigrants to learn English in order to become naturalized citizens. The bill was passed on June 29, 1906, and took effect September 27, 1906. It was repealed and replaced by the Nationality Act of 1940. It was modified by the Immigration Act of 1990. The legislation established the federal government as the arbiter of naturalization policy. It created the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, which provided for the first

neg: Emanuel Celler limited immigration for persons of any nationality to 3 percent of that nationality present in the United States in 1910, with an annual admission limit of 356,000 immigrants. This national origin system was structured to preserve the ethnic and religious identity of the United States by reducing immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe, thereby excluding many Jews, Catholics, Italians, and others. Celler was vehemently opposed to the Johnson Act, which passed the isolationist Congress and was signed into law. Celler had found his cause and for the next four decades he vigorously spoke out in favor of eliminating the national

neg: Immigration Act of 1924 conjunction with the Immigration Act of 1917, it governed American immigration policy until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which revised it completely. For the next four years, until June 30, 1927, the 1924 Act set the annual quota of any nationality at 2% of the number of foreign-born persons of such nationality resident in the United States in 1890. That revised formula reduced total immigration from 357,803 in 1923–24 to 164,667 in 1924–25. The law's impact varied widely by country. Immigration from Great Britain and Ireland fell 19%, while immigration from Italy fell more than

neg: Immigration Act of 1924 arrived as immigrants. The quotas were eased in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and replaced in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Immigration Act of 1924 The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the National Origins Act, and Asian Exclusion Act (), was a United States federal law that set quotas on the number of immigrants from certain countries while providing funding and an enforcement mechanism to carry out the longstanding (but hitherto unenforced) ban on other non-white immigrants. The law was primarily aimed at further decreasing immigration of specifically Italians and Eastern European Jews,

neg: Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 (c 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is the fifth major piece of legislation relating to immigration and asylum since 1993. Although the Act received Royal Assent on 30 March, its provisions did not take effect immediately, until a series of commencement orders brought the provisions into force incrementally: The Act introduced a number of changes to the immigration appeals process, most notably restricting the right of appeal for refusal of entry clearance in cases where the subject intends to enter

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 McCarran-Walter Act allowed for people of Asian descent to immigrate and to become citizens, which had been banned by laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Asian Exclusion Act of 1924. Chinese immigration in particular had been allowed for a decade prior to McCarran-Walter by the Magnuson Act of 1943, which was passed because of America's World War II alliance with China. Japanese Americans and Korean Americans were first allowed to naturalize by the McCarran-Walter Act. Overall changes in the perceptions of Asians were made possible by Cold War politics; the Displaced Persons Act of 1948 allowed anticommunist

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 upheld the travel ban, saying that the president's power to secure the country's borders, delegated by Congress over decades of immigration lawmaking, was not undermined by the president's history of incendiary statements about the dangers he said Muslims pose to the United States. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (H.R. 2580; ), also known as the Hart–Celler Act, changed the way quotas were allocated by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. Representative Emanuel Celler of New York proposed

neg: Canadian nationality law of all other British colonies and Dominions at the time, those born in Canada before 1947 were British subjects by nationality under the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914. The term "Canadian citizen", however, was first created under the Immigration Act 1910 to identify a British subject who was born in Canada or who possessed Canadian domicile, which could be acquired by any British subject who had lawfully resided in Canada for at least three years. At that time, "Canadian citizenship" was solely an immigration term and not a nationality term, hence "Canadian citizens" under the Immigration Act

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 any immoral sexual act in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. Alien who were feeble-minded, mentally disabled, physically defects, or professional beggars were also ineligible for admission. Crime involving moral turpitude were acts, behaviors, or offenses that violate the standards of a country. The concept, “crimes involving moral turpitude,” have been in United States immigration law since the Immigration Act of 1891, which made those who committed crimes involving moral turpitude inadmissible. Despite the difficulty of defining “crimes involving moral turpitude,” the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 established provisions that help define “crimes involving moral turpitude.” Under sections,

neg: Magnuson Act disproportionately low in ratio to the sanctioned immigration of other nationalities and ethnicities. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers and later by Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. Magnuson Act The Magnuson Act, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943, was an immigration legislation proposed by U.S. Representative (later Senator) Warren G. Magnuson of Washington and signed into law on December 17, 1943 in the United States. It allowed Chinese immigration for the first time since the

neg: History of British nationality law granted to only British Overseas Citizen status unless entitled to a right of abode in the UK under the Immigration Act 1971 as in force prior to 1983. Denization remained the usual form by which foreign-born subjects swore allegiance to the crown until general naturalisation acts were passed. Naturalisation Acts were passed in 1844, 1847 and 1870. The 1870 act preserved the process of denization. However, by introducing administrative procedures for naturalising non-British subjects naturalisation became the preferred process. The 1870 legislation also introduced the concept of renunciation of British nationality, and provided for the first time that British women

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (H.R. 2580; ), also known as the Hart–Celler Act, changed the way quotas were allocated by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. Representative Emanuel Celler of New York proposed the bill, Senator Philip Hart of Michigan co-sponsored it, and Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts helped to promote it. The Hart–Celler Act abolished the quota system based on national origins that had been American immigration policy since the 1920s. The 1965 Act marked

neg: White Australia policy the encouragement of first non-British, non-white immigration, allowing for a large multi-ethnic post-war program of immigration. The Menzies and Holt Governments (1949-1967) effectively dismantled the policies between 1949 and 1966, and the Whitlam Government passed laws to ensure that race would be totally disregarded as a component for immigration to Australia in 1973. In 1975 the Whitlam Government passed the Racial Discrimination Act, which made racially-based selection criteria unlawful. In the decades since, Australia has maintained large-scale multi-ethnic immigration. , Australia's migration program allows people from any country to apply to migrate to Australia, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, culture,

neg: Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act statement that act would correct the injustice towards persons born outside of the United States, and only one of whose parents was a United States citizen. Prior to the act, such persons could only acquire citizenship if that parent was the father. The act amended this condition to allow acquisition of US citizenship when either of the parents was a US citizen. The act also added additional weapons offenses, some theft and burglary offenses, prostitution, tax evasion, and certain categories of fraud to the definition of aggravated felonies, under which non-citizens were subject to deportation. Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections

neg: National without household registration Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Immigration Act granting amnesty to 875 undeportable migrants as well as 107 members of the Tibetan diaspora who had arrived in Taiwan from 21 May 1999 to 31 December 2009, granting them the right to apply for residence permits. The relevant provisions are in Immigration Act Article 16. A foreigner who naturalises under the ROC nationality law initially receives a specific type of NWOHR status, known as "national who obtained Republic of China nationality by naturalisation but has not yet established household registration" (因歸化取得中華民國國籍但未設籍國民). A Republic of China national born overseas to a

neg: Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 provisions empowering the Home Secretary to deprive a person of British citizenship (or Right of Abode) if it is considered that such deprivation is "conducive to the public good". Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 (c 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is the fifth major piece of legislation relating to immigration and asylum since 1993. Although the Act received Royal Assent on 30 March, its provisions did not take effect immediately, until a series of commencement orders brought the provisions into force incrementally: The Act introduced

neg: Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson President Truman and his wife Bess after signing the Medicare bill at the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri. Medicare and Medicaid covered one-fifth of the population by 1976, but large segments of the United States still did not have medical insurance. Johnson himself did not rank immigration as a high priority, but congressional Democrats, led by Emanuel Celler, passed the sweeping Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. The act repealed the National Origins Formula, which had been established as permanent law by the Immigration Act of 1924 to restrict emigration from countries outside of Western Europe and the Western Hemisphere.

neg: 2006 United States immigration reform protests immigrants. Many others cross the borders between the United States and Mexico, or the United States and Canada, without legal documentation. Today, undocumented entry to the United States is a misdemeanor. Unauthorized immigration did not always exist to the extent that it does today. Before 1965, the United States did not have numerical restrictions on immigration from countries in the western hemisphere. In 1965, the United States passed the Immigration Nationality Act and repealed the 1924 National Origins Act designed to limit migration from southern and eastern European countries, thus making it possible for eastern-hemisphere countries to have equal access

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g) Task Force, composed of 63 sheriffs and police chiefs signed a letter asserting that they don’t want their officers acting as immigration enforcement agents. 287(g) has also been strongly opposed by the ACLU, the American Immigration Council, and the Southern Center for Human Rights. Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g) Section 287(g) of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to deputize selected state and local law enforcement officers to enforce federal immigration law. Section 287(g) allows the DHS and law enforcement agencies to make agreements, which require the state and local officers to

neg: McCarthyism of the United States itself, and the major provisions of the act were found to be unconstitutional in 1965 and 1967. In 1952, the Immigration and Nationality, or McCarran–Walter, Act was passed. This law allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities and also to bar suspected subversives from entering the country. The Communist Control Act of 1954 was passed with overwhelming support in both houses of Congress after very little debate. Jointly drafted by Republican John Marshall Butler and Democrat Hubert Humphrey, the law was an extension of the Internal Security Act of 1950,

neg: Patriot Act, Title IV Patriot Act, Title IV The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. It has ten titles, each containing numerous sections. Title IV: Protecting the Border aims to prevent terrorism in the USA through immigration regulations. The provisions of the title generally increase the difficulty of entering the country for those known to have, or suspected of having, terrorist intent. Title IV amends large parts of the Immigration and Nationality Act, giving more law enforcement and investigative power to the United States Attorney General and to the

neg: Canadian nationality law naturalization requirements and citizenship deprivation procedures. After Canadian Confederation was achieved in 1867, the new Dominion's "nationality law" initially closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom and all Canadians were classified as British subjects. Section 91(25) of the British North America Act, 1867, passed by the British Parliament in London (now referred to as the Constitution Act, 1867), however, gave the Parliament of Canada authority over "Naturalization and Aliens". The Immigration Act, 1910, for example, created the status of "Canadian citizen". This distinguished those British subjects who were born, naturalized, or domiciled in Canada from those who were not, but

neg: Citizenship of the United States and statutes followed the Act of 1790 that expanded or addressed specific situations but it was not until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (), codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (), that the variety of statutes governing citizenship law were organized within one single body of text. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 set forth the legal requirements for the acquisition of American nationality. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) addressed citizenship rights. The United States nationality law, despite its "nationality" title, comprises the statues that embody the law regarding both American citizenship and American nationality.

neg: Refugee a mandate, as opposed to a person to whom a general definition applied. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey involved about two million people (around 1.5 million Anatolian Greeks and 500,000 Muslims in Greece) most of whom were forcibly repatriated and denaturalized from homelands of centuries or millennia (and guaranteed the nationality of the destination country) by a treaty promoted and overseen by the international community as part of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). The U.S. Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924. The Immigration Act of 1924 was aimed

neg: Sex trafficking the US began passing immigration acts to curtail aliens from entering the country in order to address this issue. (The government had other unrelated motives for the new immigration policies.) Several acts such as the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and Immigration Act of 1924 reduced the number of emigrants from Europe and Asia from entering the United States. Following the increased restrictions of the 1920s (which were significantly relaxed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965), human trafficking was not considered a major issue until the 1990s. The Commercial Sex Act

neg: Jacob Javits with many Republicans defecting to support the Conservative Party of New York. Javits played a major role in legislation protecting pensioners, as well as in the passage of the War Powers Act; he led the effort to get the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act passed. He reached the position of Ranking Minority Member on the Committee on Foreign Relations while accruing greater seniority than any New York Senator before or since (). He was also one of the main forces behind the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 that removed immigration quotas that favored Western European nations. Along with Dwight D. Eisenhower, he

neg: Immigration officer arrest and detention conferred on them by the Immigration Act 1971, when both at ports and inland. In practice, port immigration officers exercise powers under Schedule 2 of the Immigration Act 1971 and inland immigration Officers under S28A-H of the Immigration Act 1971 and paragraph 17 of Schedule 2. This has led to separate training for port and inland officers, where port officers are not trained in Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). "Designated Immigration Officers" are port immigration officers who have been trained in detention under PACE. The archetypal power of arrest is for an immigration or nationality

neg: Immigrant surveillance immigration surveillance are a product of nativism and can be evidenced throughout United States history. The Alien and Sedition Acts of the 1790s is one of the earliest cases of immigration surveillance, allowing the president to act on their own discretion in regards to whether or not non-citizens were dangerous to the country because of their nationality. Congress passed its first exclusionary immigration law with the Page Act of 1875, which prohibited entry to immigrants from Asia that were thought of as undesirable, such as prostitutes and convicts. In 1893, a United States Supreme Court case involving a similar issue,

neg: Arab immigration to the United States wave immigrants, the United States was often the second or third destination. Palestinian immigrants during this time commonly went to Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, or Egypt before making the journey to the United States. The number of immigrants remained relatively small during the second wave of Arab immigration, primarily due to the restrictive immigration policies of the US. However, in 1965, the United States passed new immigration reforms, including the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, allowing a new wave of Arabs to immigrate. This new group of Arab immigrants was demographically similar to those that immigrated during the past 20

neg: Immigration Act of 1917 railroad industries; these exemptions continued through 1921. The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943. The Luce-Celler Act of 1946 ended discrimination against Asian Indians and Filipinos, who were accorded the right to naturalization, and allowed a quota of 100 immigrants per year. The Immigration Act of 1917 was later altered formally by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, known as the McCarran-Walter Act. McCarren-Walter extended the privilege of naturalization to Japanese, Koreans, and other Asians, revised all previous laws and regulations regarding immigration, naturalization, and nationality, and collected them into one comprehensive statute. Legislation barring homosexuals as immigrants

neg: Margaret Thatcher had been badly misinterpreted, arguing that race was never an important focus of Thatcherism. Throughout her premiership, both major parties took similar positions on immigration policy, having in 1981 passed the British Nationality Act with bipartisan support. There were no policies passed or proposed by her government aimed at restricting immigration, and the subject of race was never highlighted by Thatcher in any of her major speeches as Prime Minister. Many of Thatcher's policies had an influence on the Labour Party, which had returned to power in 1997 under Tony Blair. Blair rebranded the party "New Labour" in 1994 with

neg: UK Borders Act 2007 10, 11, 13, 16 and 26 either partially into force, or into force subject to transitional provisions, on the same day. Repeals relating to the Immigration Act 1971, Immigration and Asylum Act 1999, Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005, Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 and section 130 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 were also commenced on 31 January. Among other provisions, the Act provides immigration officers with several police-like powers, such as detention, entry, search and seizure. It also created The Independent Chief Inspector of the UK Border Agency. UK Borders Act 2007 The UK

neg: Nationality law of Taiwan regulations of most international organizations, "Republic of China" is not a recognized nationality. In the international standard ISO 3166-1, the proper nationality designation for persons domiciled in Taiwan is not ROC, but rather TWN. This three-letter code TWN is also the official designation adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization for use on a machine-readable travel document when dealing with entry/exit procedures at immigration authorities outside Taiwan. Nationality law of Taiwan The Nationality Act of the Republic of China defines and regulates nationality of the Republic of China and is currently applied in Taiwan. The Nationality Act was first promulgated

neg: British nationality law acquiring any other form of nationality. After the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 came into force British nationals could be deprived of their citizenship if and only if the Secretary of State was satisfied they were responsible for acts seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the United Kingdom or an Overseas Territory. This was extended under the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006; people with dual nationality who are British nationals can be deprived of their British citizenship if the Secretary of State is satisfied that "deprivation is conducive to the public good", or if nationality was obtained

neg: British nationality law Kong (note: not conferred by the status itself, but the Immigration Ordinance of Hong Kong) and are eligible for registration as British citizens if holding no other nationality under the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009; BSs and BPPs lose their statuses upon acquisition of another nationality (except BSs connected with the Republic of Ireland) and so should be eligible for registration as British citizens under the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. British Overseas citizens are unique in that their nationality status is not associated with a right of residence, and only certain types of BOCs are eligible to

neg: Chinese Exclusion Act last for 10 years, but was renewed in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. It was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943, which allowed 105 Chinese to enter per year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula. The first significant Chinese immigration to North America began with the California Gold Rush of 1848–1855 and it continued with subsequent large labor projects, such as the building

neg: Immigration detention in the United States facilities are Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which ensures all individuals of equal rights regardless of nationality and Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which guarantees anyone who has been detained be promptly brought before a judge or other judicial power. Continued expansion of immigration detention will further the prevalence of international law violation if enforcement and reformation does not coincide alongside. Since the United States Congress passed the "Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act" and the "Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act" in 1996, the use of detention has

neg: Modern immigration to the United Kingdom was passed in 1962 as a response to public sentiment that the new arrivals "should return to their own countries" and that "no more of them come to this country". Introducing the legislation to the House of Commons, the Conservative Home Secretary Rab Butler stated that: The new Act required migrants to have a job before they arrived, to possess special skills or who would meet the "labour needs" of the national economy. In 1965, to combat the perceived injustice in the case where the wives of British subjects could not obtain British nationality, the British Nationality Act 1965 was

neg: 1979 United Kingdom general election the left reacted in accusing her of pandering to racism. Sociologists Mark Mitchell and Dave Russell responded that Thatcher had been badly misinterpreted, arguing that race was never an important focus of Thatcherism. Throughout her premiership, both major parties took similar positions on immigration policy, having in 1981 passed the British Nationality Act with bipartisan support. There were no policies passed or proposed by her government aimed at restricting immigration, and the subject of race was never highlighted by Thatcher in any of her major speeches as Prime Minister. The Conservative Manifesto, drafted by Chris Patten and Adam Ridley and

neg: Censorship in the United States the Immigration and Nationality, or McCarran-Walter, Act was passed. This law allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities and also to bar suspected subversives from entering the country. The Communist Control Act of 1954 was passed with overwhelming support in both houses of Congress after very little debate. Jointly drafted by Republican John Marshall Butler and Democrat Hubert Humphrey, the law was an extension of the Internal Security Act of 1950, and sought to outlaw the Communist Party by declaring that the party, as well as "Communist-Infiltrated Organizations" were "not entitled to any of

neg: Renunciation Act of 1944 It is also officially referred to as the Act of July 1, 1944, a name it shares with the Public Health Service Act. It added the following item to the list of actions in Nationality Act of 1940 § 401 () which would result in loss of nationality by a United States citizen or non-citizen national: Due to immigration law reforms and the removal of other items from the list of actions causing loss of nationality, the exact subsection number of this provision has changed over the years. It appeared in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 at §

neg: Channel Tunnel Act 1987 at Heathrow Airport. Channel Tunnel Act 1987 The Channel Tunnel Act 1987 c.53 is an Act of Parliament which authorised the construction of the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France in accordance with the Treaty of Canterbury, which was signed in 1986. Section 2 of the Act forbade any public subsidy of the project. This Act enables to be written Statutory Instruments: For sea-related matters, see the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, and the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (Juxtaposed Controls) Order 2003. The Immigration Act 1971 allows the search of vehicles and the control checkpoint

neg: Channel Tunnel Act 1987 Channel Tunnel Act 1987 The Channel Tunnel Act 1987 c.53 is an Act of Parliament which authorised the construction of the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France in accordance with the Treaty of Canterbury, which was signed in 1986. Section 2 of the Act forbade any public subsidy of the project. This Act enables to be written Statutory Instruments: For sea-related matters, see the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, and the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (Juxtaposed Controls) Order 2003. The Immigration Act 1971 allows the search of vehicles and the control checkpoint analogous to those

neg: Kawashima v. Holder violation of 26 U.S.C. Section 7206 qualifies as an aggravated felony under the Immigration and Nationality Act when the Government's revenue loss exceeds $10,000." Kawashima v. Holder Kawashima v. Holder, 565 U.S. 478 (2012), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that "filing a false tax return in violation of 26 U.S.C. Section 7206 qualifies as an aggravated felony under the Immigration and Nationality Act when the Government's revenue loss exceeds $10,000." Akio and Fusako Kawashima, Japanese nationals who legally resided in the U.S., owned the successful Nihon Seibutsu Kagaku restaurant in Thousand Oaks, California

neg: History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States Immigration Act of 1917. In 1921 the United States Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act, which established national immigration quotas. The quotas were based on the number of foreign-born residents of each nationality who were living in the United States as of the 1910 census. The crucial 1923 Supreme Court case "United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind" created the official stance to classify South Asian Indians as non-white, which at the time allowed Indians who had already been naturalized to be retroactively stripped of their citizenship after prosecutors argued that they had gained their citizenship illegally. The California Alien Land

neg: Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower debt (not including corporations) grew from $104.8 billion in 1950 to $263.3 billion in 1960. At Eisenhower's urging, Congress passed the Refugee Relief Act of 1953, which permitted the admission of 214,000 immigrants to the United States from European countries between 1953 and 1956, over and above existing immigration quotas. The formula for computing the quotas had become more restrictive because of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, approved by Congress over the veto of President Truman. Despite the passage of the Refugee Relief Act, the percentage of foreign-born individuals in the United States continued to drop, reaching 5.4%

neg: Refugee Relief Act admit more immigrants from Southern Europe, who were excluded according to the quotas of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (the "McCarran-Walter Act"). The bill was renamed by Senator McCarran, and a number of provisions were added with the effect of complicating the determination of eligibility of applicants. Applicants were required to undergo a thorough security screening, including a verifiable history of their activities for two years prior to application. The bill passed the House of Representatives with a 221-185, with the support of a majority of Democrats and an even split among Republicans. The United States Senate passed

neg: Ladies' Agreement at the time. It was not until 1945, when Korea was liberated from Japan control, that Korean immigration continued to flow into the United States. Although the Ladies' Agreement of 1921 greatly restricted Japanese immigration, complete Japanese exclusion, along with that of the rest of Asian immigrants, was statutorily established by the Immigration Act of 1924. The limits that the Ladies' Agreement, and other nativist legislation, put on Japanese immigration were largely repealed with President Lyndon B. Johnson's passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which more than doubled Japanese immigration into America. Ladies' Agreement The Ladies' Agreement

neg: Chinatown, San Francisco led to a major population boom in the area during the 1950s. However, tight quotas on new immigration from China still applied until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was passed. San Francisco artist Frank Wong created miniature dioramas that depict Chinatown during the 1930s and 1940s. In 2004, Wong donated seven miniatures of scenes of Chinatown, titled "The Chinatown Miniatures Collection," to the Chinese Historical Society of America (CHSA). The dioramas are on permanent display in CHSA’s Main Gallery. In the 1960s, the shifting of underutilized national immigration quotas brought in another huge wave of immigrants, mostly from

neg: History of the Patriot Act and citizenship in the United States. Prior to the INA, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text. The Act was later modified by the "Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965", and then by the "Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986". Since the Patriot Act, Title 8 has been modified even further by various Acts, including the "Real ID Act of 2005". The catalyst for the USA PATRIOT Act occurred on September 11, 2001 when terrorists attacked and destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City and the western side

neg: Nationality Act of 1940 1940 would take it a step further and make it so that anyone suspected of advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government who had recently gained citizenship would lose that citizenship and face criminal penalties. The law amended some provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924. The Nationality Act of 1940 was repealed and superseded by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. Section 401 (later of the 1952 law) provided that natural-born American citizens would lose their citizenship if convicted of military desertion during time of war. This was struck down by the United States Supreme Court in the

neg: Institutional racism upon all Chinese people immigrating to Canada. When the 1885 act failed to deter Chinese immigration, the Canadian government then passed the Chinese Immigration Act, 1900, increasing the head tax to $100, and, upon that act failing, passed the Chinese Immigration Act, 1904 increasing the head tax (landing fee) to $500, equivalent to $8000 in 2003 – when compared to the head tax – Right of Landing Fee and Right of Permanent Residence Fee – of $975 per person, paid by new immigrants in 1995–2005 decade, which then was reduced to $490 in 2006. The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923, better

neg: Chinese Americans in Boston some were single women. Historically most Chinese moving to Massachusetts specifically went to the Boston Chinatown and prior to the 1960s the state overall had little Chinese immigration. Immigration from China into the Boston area increased after the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was passed. From 2000 to 2010, the Chinese population of Massachusetts increased by 46%. By 2004 Malden received an influx of second and third generation Chinese moving from Boston and elsewhere. As of 2010 there were almost 123,000 Chinese Americans in all of Massachusetts. By 2011 many Chinese Americans settled in the Boston suburbs, either moving

neg: Demographics of Filipino Americans of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was that family reunification based immigration added to the total amount of Filipino immigrants resulting in two distinct economic groups within the Filipino American community. Like other immigrant groups, Filipino immigrants clustered together both out of a sense of community and in response to prejudice against them. This created the first Little Manilas in urban areas. As time passed, immigration policies changed, and prejudice diminished, leading to a decline in the presence of Little Manilas. Between 1965 and 1985, more than 400,000 Filipinos immigrated to the United States. In 1970, immigrants made

neg: Juxtaposed controls at sea ports of both countries on the Channel and North Sea"). This agreement provided for juxtaposed controls on a number of cross-Channel ferry routes. The Treaty was subsequently put into effect in the UK by the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (Juxtaposed Controls) Order 2003, under the authority of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. France has established immigration checkpoints at Port of Dover, where the French Border Police carries out immigration entry checks into the Schengen Area on passengers travelling to Calais or Dunkirk. At present, the UK has immigration checkpoints at the ports of Calais

neg: Special Immigration Appeals Commission Special Immigration Appeals Commission The Special Immigration Appeals Commission (also known by the acronym SIAC) is a superior court of record in the United Kingdom established by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997 that deals with appeals from persons deported by the Home Secretary under various statutory powers, and usually related to matters of national security. SIAC also hears persons deprived of British citizenship under the British Nationality Act 1981 as amended by Section 4 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. An appellant is represented to the Commission by a special advocate who is a person vetted

neg: History of Canadian nationality law Canadian Citizenship Act" replaced the following phrases throughout all federal legislation: An Act passed later in 1946 amended the "Immigration Act", in order to specify that a "Canadian citizen" was one as defined in "The Canadian Citizenship Act". These amendments would lead to later jurisprudence that addressed a transition that was problematic in certain cases. Although the 1946 Act did not deprive any Canadian national of such status, being a Canadian national did not automatically confer Canadian citizenship, as the Act represented a complete code for defining such status. The Act together with later retroactive amendments in 1953, had significant

neg: Veto a foreign exchange student in Ohio who had been born in Kenya but whose parents were from India. Because he was not born in India, he was not an Indian citizen. Because his parents were not Kenyan citizens, he was not Kenyan. Thus, he had nowhere to go when his student visa expired because neither country would take him, so he overstayed his visa and was ordered to show cause why he should not be deported from the United States. The Immigration and Nationality Act was one of many acts of Congress passed since the 1930s, which contained a provision

neg: Korean Americans of 1952, opportunities were more open to Asian Americans, enabling Korean Americans to move out of enclaves into middle-class neighborhoods. When the Korean War ended in 1953, small numbers of students and professionals entered the United States. A larger group of immigrants included women married with U.S. servicemen. With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Koreans became one of the fastest growing Asian groups in the United States, surpassed only by Filipinos. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the quota system that had restricted the numbers of Asians allowed to enter the United States.

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Senate Judiciary Committee's Immigration and Naturalization Subcommittee. Representative Emanuel Celler introduced the bill in the House of Representatives, which voted 320 to 70 in favor of the act, while the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 76 to 18. In the Senate, 52 Democrats voted yes, 14 no, and 1 abstained. Among Senate Republicans, 24 voted yes, 3 voted no, and 1 abstained. In the House, 202 Democrats voted yes, 60 voted no and 12 abstained, 118 Republicans voted yes, 10 voted no and 11 abstained. In total, 74% of Democrats and 85% of Republicans voted for passage

neg: Eugenics in the United States "inferior stock" from eastern and southern Europe. The new act, inspired by the eugenic belief in the racial superiority of "old stock" white Americans as members of the "Nordic race" (a form of white supremacy), strengthened the position of existing laws prohibiting race-mixing. Eugenic considerations also lay behind the adoption of incest laws in much of the U.S. and were used to justify many anti-miscegenation laws. Stephen Jay Gould asserted that restrictions on immigration passed in the United States during the 1920s (and overhauled in 1965 with the Immigration and Nationality Act) were motivated by the goals of eugenics. During

neg: Immigration Act of 1918 findings in favor of continued residence in the US of persons charged in deportation cases. A total of 556 persons were eventually deported under the Immigration Act of 1918. The exclusion of anarchist immigrants was recodified with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. By the late 20th century, the threat was believed reduced. Such provisions were largely repealed by the Immigration Act of 1990. Current U.S. immigration law does not explicitly mention anarchists, but anarchists are still banned from becoming U.S. citizens. Immigration Act of 1918 The United States Immigration Act of 1918 (ch. 186, ) was enacted on

neg: Office of Immigration Statistics Department of Labor in 1913. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was transferred from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice in 1940, where it resided until 2003, when the components of INS were subsumed under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Section 103 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 establishes OIS's modern mandate: in consultation with interested academics, government agencies, and other parties, to provide Congress and the public, on an annual basis, with information about immigration and the impact of immigration laws. Section 701 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 transferred these duties

neg: British Nationality Act 1948 while still retaining elements of a common Commonwealth citizenship. The resulting legislation passed by the United Kingdom for itself and its colonies was the "British Nationality Act 1948", which was introduced by a Labour government. Legislation passed in the other Commonwealth countries included Australia's "Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948", New Zealand's "British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act, 1948", and Southern Rhodesia's "Southern Rhodesian Citizenship and British Nationality Act, 1949". The Act created the new status of "citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies" (CUKC) for people born or naturalised in either the United Kingdom or one of its colonies.

neg: History of Chinese Americans to the United States. It limited Chinese immigrants to 105 visas per year selected by the government. That quota was supposedly determined by the Immigration Act of 1924, which set immigration from an allowed country at 2% of the number of people who were already living in the United States in 1890 of that nationality. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, but was in fact set ten times lower. Until 1979, the United States recognized the Republic of China on Taiwan as the sole legitimate government of all of China,

neg: Jessica Colotl controversy from graduating when she was arrested. In Cobb County, where Colotl attended Kennesaw, police coordinate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement to enforce immigration law due to the Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g). State and local officers are allowed to act on behalf of immigration authorities because of 287(g). Colotl was pulled over by university police on March 29, 2010, for "impeding the flow of traffic," and did not have a driver's license, only an expired Mexican passport. Colotl was arrested the day after the police pulled her over. She was transferred to a detention center in Alabama and held

neg: United Kingdom immigration law of Children Born Abroad Act 1350 allowed children born abroad to two English parents to be English. Moreover, the British Nationality Act 1772 allowed people to be considered English if their father was, although born abroad. Others would generally need permission to migrate. One of the earliest statutes was the Egyptians Act 1530, which stated that "people calling themselves Egyptians", though actually gypsies were to be expelled because they had engaged in crafty trickery, by telling fortunes. Another piece of targeted legislation was the Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753, passed at the insistence of Whig members of Parliament to allow people

neg: Exceptional and extremely unusual hardship officers under the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security or by immigration judges under the U.S. Attorney General. Their decisions can be appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) and then reviewed by authorized federal judges. Exceptional and extremely unusual hardship Exceptional and extremely unusual hardship is a legal term in the United States, primarily in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The term "exceptional and extremely unusual hardship" is mentioned in a number of statutes of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1952 and amended a number of times over the

neg: Yellow Peril Statue of Liberty" (1885), Sauum Song Bo said,: Under nativist political pressure, the Immigration Act of 1917 established an Asian Barred Zone of countries from which immigration to the US was forbidden. The Cable Act of 1922, or the Married Women's Independent Nationality Act, guaranteed citizenship to independent woman unless they married to an alien ineligible to naturalization. During the 1920s, when the Cable Act of 1922 was law, Asian men and women were excluded from American citizenship. In practice, the Cable Act of 1922 reversed some racial exclusion laws and granted independent-woman citizenship exclusively to women married to white

neg: Taiwanese Americans was counted under within the same quota for both mainland China and Taiwan. However, because the People's Republic of China (PRC) banned emigration to the United States until 1977, this quota for immigrants from China was almost exclusively filled by immigrants from Taiwan. After the national origins system was relaxed and repealed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and 1965, many Taiwanese people came to the United States, forming the first wave of Taiwanese immigration. Their entry into the United States was facilitated by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which created a system in which persons

neg: Sessions v. Dimaya to the Immigration and Nationality Act. Thomas also wrote an additional dissenting opinion, joined in part by Kennedy and Alito. This was the first time that Ginsburg was able to assign the majority opinion in her tenure on the Court, since she was the most senior justice voting in the majority. Sessions v. Dimaya Sessions v. Dimaya, , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that , a statute defining certain "aggravated felonies" for immigration purposes, is unconstitutionally vague. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) classifies some categories of crimes as "aggravated felonies", and immigrants

neg: 1991 Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act 1991 Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act The Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act 1991, also known as the Six and Six Program, was enacted on October 1, 1991. The Act amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, also known as the Hart-Celler Act. The Armed Forces Immigration Adjustment Act allows aliens who have served in the United States Armed Forces for at least period of 12 years to be granted special immigrant status. Immigrants who have served for 6 years may also obtain special immigrant status if they re-enlist so their total service commitment is 12 years. Special immigration status

neg: Leocal v. Ashcroft and hence an aggravated felony under the Immigration and Nationality Act. Because of his conviction for an aggravated felony, Leocal was ordered deported in October 2001. The Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed this decision, and Leocal sought review in the Eleventh Circuit. In an unpublished opinion, the Eleventh Circuit concluded that the DUI conviction was an "aggravated felony," and hence it had no jurisdiction to review the lawfulness of the deportation order. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the case. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, any alien convicted of an aggravated felony is deportable and may be deported

neg: British nationality law as British citizens under the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Since 2009, BN(O)s without other nationalities or citizenship are able to register as British citizens under the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009 as well. British citizens and BN(O)s who are of full or partial Chinese descent are also Chinese nationals under Chinese law unless they have renounced their Chinese nationality with the Hong Kong SAR Government. As China does not recognise multiple nationality, those persons are considered by China as solely Chinese nationals before and after the handover of Hong Kong and hence are not eligible for consular

neg: South African nationality law which contains the Right of Abode regardless of personal circumstances, the Right of Abode as a Commonwealth Citizen including some forms of British Nationality can be revoked in cases such as in criminal conduct or applications made in fraud which are assessed incorrectly. As South Africa was a foreign country (under United Kingdom law) between 1 January 1973, the date the Immigration Act 1971 came into force in the UK, and 1 January 1983 (when the British Nationality Act 1981 came into force) South African Citizens cannot have right of abode in the UK unless they also held before 1983

neg: Georgia Security and Immigration Compliance Act serious crimes. When public officials, including police, become involved in immigration enforcement, law enforcement is then compromised. The question then becomes whether or not the state and local police have been awarded inherent constitutional authority authorizing the arrest of immigrants who are in violation of federal immigration law. In 1996 Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act adding Sec. 287(g) which gave authorization to state and localities to enter into agreements with the federal government that would give state and local officials authority to arrest and detain individuals accused of violating federal immigration laws.States and localities that agreed with this

neg: USS Princess Matoika pneumonia from the Norwegian freighter "Eastern Star" in a mid-ocean transfer. The ship's doctor and nurse attended to the sailor but were unable to save him. "President Arthur" sailed on her last transatlantic voyage from Bremen on 18 October 1923, carrying 656 passengers to New York. Anchoring off Gravesend Bay on 30 October, "President Arthur" was one of 15 passenger ships whose arrival in New York was timed to coincide with the opening of the November immigration quota period. Under the Emergency Quota Act passed in 1921, numerical limits on European immigration were imposed which created nationality quotas. At the

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 Chinese American students who feared returning to the Chinese Civil War to stay in the United States; and these provisions would be expanded by the Refugee Relief Act of 1953. A 1962 guideline explained procedures under the Act: Good Moral Character was an ideal character of beliefs and values beneficial to the country. The United States measured good moral character through a person’s ability to behave morally and honor the Constitution and laws of the United States. The concept of “good moral character” dated back to the Naturalization Act of 1790. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 required applicants

neg: Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 or the I-Squared Act of 2015 ("Orrin Bill," ) was an immigration reform bill introduced in the United States Senate on January 13, 2015, by Senator Orrin G. Hatch. The bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to establish an annual cap on H-1B nonimmigrant visas (specialty occupations) at between 115,000 and 195,000 visas depending upon market conditions and existing demand. (The current annual H-1B cap is 65,000.) As the United States immigration debate unfolded in Congress and in the field during 2015, the bill was introduced on

neg: Executive Order 13769 and for such period as he shall deem necessary, suspend the entry of all aliens or any class of aliens as immigrants or nonimmigrants, or impose on the entry of aliens any restrictions he may deem to be appropriate. The act that underlies this, known as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (a.k.a. the McCarran–Walter Act), was amended by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (a.k.a. the Hart−Celler Act), which included a provision stating No person shall receive any preference or priority or be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of the person's race,

neg: Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 January 13, 2015. The bill was never voted on in the Senate. Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 Immigration Innovation Act of 2015 or the I-Squared Act of 2015 ("Orrin Bill," ) was an immigration reform bill introduced in the United States Senate on January 13, 2015, by Senator Orrin G. Hatch. The bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to establish an annual cap on H-1B nonimmigrant visas (specialty occupations) at between 115,000 and 195,000 visas depending upon market conditions and existing demand. (The current annual H-1B cap is 65,000.) As the United States immigration debate unfolded in