query: when did old age pensions start in england

pos: Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 The Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1908. The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Government of 1906–1914. Individuals over the age of 70 years got a total of 5 Shillings per week and couples over the age of 70 years got a total of 7 Shillings 5 Pence per week. The Act provided for a non-contributory old age pension for people over the

pos: Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 The Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1908. The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Government of 1906–1914. Individuals over the age of 70 years got a total of 5 Shillings per week and couples over the age of 70 years got a total of 7 Shillings 5 Pence per week. The Act provided for a non-contributory old age pension for people over the

pos: Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 31 December 1908 a total of 596,038 pensions had been granted: Initially, most of the recipients of the pension benefit were women. In order to remove any stigma in receiving the benefit, the scheme was administered by the Post Office rather than the existing social welfare agencies such as the parish or Poor Law. Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 The Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1908. The Act is often regarded as one of the foundations of modern social welfare in the United Kingdom and forms part of the wider social

pos: Francis Herbert Stead trade union activities. Stead's interest in the problems of old-age led to a Browning Hall conference on pensions in December 1898, out of which arose the National Committee of Organised Labour (NECL), which worked to encourage the introduction of old-age pensions funded from general taxation - a campaign won with the passing of the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908. Stead worked with Frederick Rogers for a decade, writing pamphlets and books, lobbying parliament and religious leaders, and travelling the length of the country to speak for the cause. Stead died at Blackheath on 14 January 1928. Francis Herbert Stead Frances Herbert

pos: Sam Henry (musicologist) the local papers. After service as a customs & excise officer in England (1903-4), Henry returned home, where he served mainly around Coleraine. When Lloyd George instituted the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908, Henry was appointed to administer it in his area, while still carrying out his duties for the Inland Revenue. Henry began to assemble his collection of folk songs while he was still a civil servant and continued it after his retirement. When he was appointed Pension Officer, Henry's duties included visiting the poor and elderly people in some of the most isolated areas of Northern Ireland, to determine

pos: National Committee of Organised Labour National Committee of Organised Labour The National Committee of Organised Labour for Promoting Old Age Pensions for All, often shortened to National Committee of Organised Labour, was a British campaign group established at the end of the nineteenth century which sought the introduction of a general-tax funded old-age pension. The campaign succeeded with the introduction of the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908. Poverty in old age was, in the late 19th century, widely recognised by social reformers as a problem capable of solution. Canon W. L. Blackley, sometime Rector of North Waltham and of King's Somborne, had called for a sick-pay

pos: Pensions in the United Kingdom the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908, which provided 5 shillings (£0.25) a week for those over 70 whose annual means did not exceed £31 10s. (£31.50). It coincided with the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress 1905–09 and was the first step in the Liberal welfare reforms towards the completion of a system of social security, with unemployment and health insurance through the National Insurance Act 1911. After the Second World War, the National Insurance Act 1946 completed universal coverage of social security. The National Assistance Act 1948 formally abolished the poor law, and gave a minimum

pos: Pensions in the United Kingdom couple, was payable to a person with an income below £21 per annum (equivalent to £ today), following the passage of the Old-Age Pensions Act 1908. The qualifying age was 70, and the pensions were subject to a means test. Until the 20th century, poverty was seen as a quasi-criminal state, and this was reflected in the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494 that imprisoned beggars. In Elizabethan times, English Poor Laws represented a shift whereby the poor were seen merely as morally degenerate, and were expected to perform forced labour in workhouses. The beginning of the modern state pension was

pos: Glennie Hall football clubs. Over 100 couples attended a fancy dress ball in the Hall when the first anniversary of the formation of Female Oddfellows was celebrated in August 1907. About 1908 a new floor costing was laid in the Lodge Hall. Old-age pensions of per year were introduced by the Queensland government on 1 July 1908 and in September delegates from the various Warwick friendly societies met to discuss the benefits of forming an association. By 31 October 1908 the Warwick and District Friendly Societies Association was founded and office bearers elected. The Commonwealth Government's introduction of the old age pension

pos: English trust law retirement through occupational pensions. After the Old Age Pensions Act 1908, everyone who worked and paid National Insurance would probably have access to the minimal state pension, but if people wanted to maintain their living standards, they would need more. Occupational pensions would typically be constituted through a trust deed, after being bargained for by a trade union under a collective agreement. After World War Two, the number of people with occupational pensions rose further, and gradually regulation was introduced to ensure that people's "pension promise" was protected. The settlor would usually be the employer and employee jointly, and the

pos: Liberal welfare reforms By mid-1912, however, only forty-one local authorities had responded. The Old-Age Pensions Act 1908 introduced pensions for those over 70. They were paid 5s a week (estimates of the value of this in 2010 are difficult to ascertain, the average wage of a labourer being around 30s. a week) to single men and women and 7s 6d to married couples, on a sliding scale. The single persons rate applied to those over 70 earning under £21; this sum could be collected at the local post office. In January 1910, 75% of Liberal candidates dwelt on pensions in their election addresses,

neg: Home Office Circular 46/2004 Officers in England and Wales, with copies to the Clerks to the Police Authorities. Annex C to the guidance is entitled, Home Office Guidance For Forces On Reviews Of Injury Awards. The introduction to Annex C states: The guidance went on to advise: "Review of Injury Pensions once Officers reach Compulsory Retirement Age" "Review of Injury Pensions once Officers reach Age 65" Around 17 of the 43 police forces in England and Wales began to implement the guidance from the circular when conducting reviews of police injury pensions. Doubts were raised concerning the validity of the Home Office guidance by

neg: David Lloyd George the right to vote, saying "I do not believe the war has any connection with the franchise. It is a question of 45% dividends" and that England (which did not then have universal male suffrage) was more in need of franchise reform than the Boer republics. A second attack came on the cost of the war, which, he argued, prevented overdue social reform in England, such as old age pensions and workmen's cottages. As the fighting continued, his attacks moved to its conduct by the generals, who, he said (basing his words on reports by William Burdett-Coutts in "The Times"),

neg: Mansfield Parkyns to be educated at Woolwich and at Trinity College, Cambridge. At college Parkyns was very interested in mathematics and he also enjoyed learning Latin. In 1838,when Parkyns was at the age of fifteen, his mother died as well. Later Parkyns was obliged to leave the college for some unknown reasons. He did not finish his education but in 1842, when Parkyns was nineteenth years old, he decided to leave England and start travelling. Parkyns did not tell about his plans to anyone, hence for a long time people did not have any information about him and he was given up

neg: Friendly Societies Act 1875 required to submit quinquennial returns to the Registrar which gave details of their financial affairs and in-force business which could be used by the Registar to evaluate their assets against their liabilities under life assurance, annuity and sickness business. Friendly societies paid "de facto" old-age pensions in the form of sickness benefit and the Act defined "old age" as 50 and above, and although a court ruling claimed that "natural decay" was not "sickness" the majority of friendly societies did not accept this ruling as they were in competition with each other and so therefore wanted to continue paying pensions

neg: Revenue stamps of the Falkland Islands found in mint condition. Revenue stamps of the Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands issued very few revenue stamps, and did so between 1952 and 1996. The only special revenue stamps were for Old Age Pensions and Social Security. For other fiscal purposes, dual-purpose & revenue stamps were used. The first Old Age Pensions stamp was the low values from the King George VI definitive set bisected and surcharged O.A.P. and a new value. These are very rare as probably very few were printed. From 1968 onwards a new design with the coat of arms of the colony was issued. This

neg: Revenue stamps of the Falkland Islands Revenue stamps of the Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands issued very few revenue stamps, and did so between 1952 and 1996. The only special revenue stamps were for Old Age Pensions and Social Security. For other fiscal purposes, dual-purpose & revenue stamps were used. The first Old Age Pensions stamp was the low values from the King George VI definitive set bisected and surcharged O.A.P. and a new value. These are very rare as probably very few were printed. From 1968 onwards a new design with the coat of arms of the colony was issued. This design was reprinted in

neg: John Landeryou at federal politics but continued to work for the Social Credit Party on the provincial level. Landeryou came to Pincher Creek, Alberta and started a movement to provide every senior regardless of means with old age pensions by helping to found the first "Old Age pensioners club" in 1941. He would help start the "Lethbridge Old Age Pensioners Association" which met in January 1942 for the first time. Landeryou continued to establish himself in Lethbridge through his work promoting the needs of pensioners returning to provincial politics running as Alberta Social Credit Party candidate in the 1944 Alberta general election.

neg: Pensions in the United Kingdom the revenues of the see or cure vacated. Navy pensions were first instituted by William III of England in 1693 and regularly established by an order in council of Queen Anne in 1700. Since then the rate of pensions has undergone various modification and alterations; the full regulations concerning pensions to all ranks will be found in the quarterly Navy List, published by authority of the Admiralty. In addition to the ordinary pension there are also good-service pensions, Greenwich Hospital pension and pensions for wounds. An officer is entitled to a pension when he is retired at the age of

neg: Old Age Pension Order not yet known when the Manx issues began or ended, because information about them is limited. In a British “Post Office Circular” of 24 October 1916 an announcement was made about a temporary issue: OLD AGE PENSIONS Additional Allowances Payment of arrears of additional allowances will be made by means of Postal Orders overprinted or stamped “Old Age Pensions, Additional Allowance.” The orders used will be of the following values:-6d., 1s., 2s., 2s.6d., 3s., 4s., 5s., 7s.6d., 10s., 12s.6d. and £1, and they will be issued by Supervisors of Customs and Excise, who will initial (or sign) the orders and

neg: Pension system in Switzerland old age pensions. Some of the pension funds also provide benefits in case of disability and to the next of kin in case of premature death. The funds in the second pillar can be used before retirement to buy a principal home, to start an independent activity, or when leaving Switzerland permanently. When changing employment, funds are transferred to the pension fund of the new employer. When unemployed, the funds are transferred into a savings account (so-called "Freizügigkeitskonto" in German, "compte de libre-passage" in French, and "conto di libero passaggio" in Italian). When the person resumes working, the savings can

neg: Venkateshwar Reddy Hyderabad Youth Congress Committee. Present TPCC secretary.He worked hard for sanctioning of old age pensions, widow pensions and Handicaped Pensions for people who are actually eligible and needy. He was born in polkampally (vill,Nalgonda dist)from a family of congress party background. He is the son of Late G.Jandardhan Reddy and Jhansi rani and born on 14 May 1981.He did his schooling at St. Andrews High school, Saidabad. Done his graduation and post-graduation (M.B.A) from Osmania University. Venkateshwar Reddy G. Venkateshwar Reddy (born 14 May 1981) is a Politician of the Congress Party from Telangana. The government appointed him as the

neg: Pensions in Israel Pensions in Israel Pensions in Israel consist of a state old age pension system, a private pension system which employees are legally required to participate in and that is supervised and regulated by the government, and a pension system for civil servants. The state-run old age pension system is administered by Bituah Leumi (National Insurance Institute). All residents aged 18 or older are required by law to pay insurance contributions to Bituach Leumi as part of the old age insurance system. One must have paid contributions for at least 12 years to be able to claim a pension. Upon reaching

neg: Golden Years (2016 film) live a quiet life in suburbia, tending their garden and socialising with friends. The pensions crisis and a steadfast refusal to accept the injustice of old age force Arthur and Martha into a life of crime. Refusing to take the loss of their pensions lying down and to fade away into their declining years, they decide to fight back and take back what was theirs in the first place. They decide to start robbing banks to recover their money. With masks to hide their identities and canvas shopping trolleys to transport their loot, they embark on a whistle-stop tour of

neg: William Sutherland (Liberal politician) where he first attracted Lloyd George’s attention when he was President of the Board of Trade. Sutherland helped Lloyd George prepare and develop some of his legislation. He made a particular study of the Land question and between 1909 and 1913 he wrote tracts or books entitled "The Call of the Land", "The Land Question" and "Rural Regeneration". He was also involved in the preparation of the legislation on Old Age Pensions and National Insurance and assisted in the implementation of these measures. In 1907 he wrote "Old Age Pensions, in Theory and Practice, with Some Foreign Examples" (published by

neg: Octavia Hill programme of rehousing London's poor in 1901–02. Hill was opposed to other reforms that came about in the early part of the twentieth century. She was against female suffrage on the grounds that "men and women help one another because they are different, have different gifts and different spheres." She also believed that provision of social services and old-age pensions by the government did more harm than good, sapping people's self-reliance. Hill died from cancer on 13 August 1912 at her home in Marylebone, at the age of 73. When John Singer Sargent's portrait of her was presented by her

neg: Demography of the Netherlands has caused extremely low population growth: 2005 saw the lowest absolute population growth since 1900. This demographic development has consequences for health care and social security policy. As the Dutch population ages, the proportion of people of working age, as a percentage of the entire population, decreases. Important policy advisors like the CBS (Statistical Office) and the CPB (Planning Office) have pointed out that this will cause problems with the current system of old age pensions: fewer people will work to pay for old age pensions, while there will be more people receiving those pensions. Furthermore, the costs of health

neg: Insurance all life assurance schemes were subsequently based." In the late 19th century "accident insurance" began to become available. The first company to offer accident insurance was the Railway Passengers Assurance Company, formed in 1848 in England to insure against the rising number of fatalities on the nascent railway system. By the late 19th century governments began to initiate national insurance programs against sickness and old age. Germany built on a tradition of welfare programs in Prussia and Saxony that began as early as in the 1840s. In the 1880s Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced old age pensions, accident insurance and

neg: Ludwig Schunk employees, former employees or their relatives in case of neediness, disability or old age. The providential fund could grant retirement pensions, widow's or orphan's pensions or death grants. Ludwig Schunk did not have any children. His wife, who had collaborated very energetically in building up the company, had died early. The heirs of his deceased partner had been compensated so that he was sole owner of the corporate assets. As early as 1938 he decided in his will that those assets would be made available to the employees. He clarified this in a supplemental testament in 1942 and made the

neg: Pensions in the United Kingdom Pensions in the United Kingdom Pensions in the United Kingdom can be categorised into three major divisions and seven sub-divisions, covering both defined benefit and defined contribution pensions.: Personal accounts, automatic enrolment and the minimum employer contribution are new categories which joined these from 2012. Automatic enrolment has been successful, but there are a number of myths remaining around the scheme, which professional bodies and companies are working to eradicate. The state provides basic pension provision intended to prevent poverty in old age. Until 2010 men over the age of 65 and women over the age of 60 were entitled

neg: Khayerkhal village 10% per month. One SHG has taken loan from NGO at 15% flat interest per annum. Remittances: There are 14 households who are getting money by draft from long distance like Tamil Nadu, Mumbai, Raiashthan etc. as family members are migrated for livelihood. They are sending Rs. 3000 to 6000/- every 6 months. Three households are sending money outside for their child education. Pensions-old age pensions: There are 34 old age person who are getting pensions by taking initiatives by GUS and SUS. Wages: There are good numbers of labor and most of them are unskilled. The unskilled labor is

neg: Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that strengthened the mandatory retirement provisions previously instituted by the Judicial Pensions Act 1959 for members of the British judiciary. While the 1959 Act forbade service past age 75 by any judges appointed thereafter (Lord Denning being the last exempt jurist in England retiring in 1982 and John Cameron, Lord Cameron in Scotland, retired 1985), the 1993 Act made the ordinary retirement age 70, and while enabling a minister (presumably the Lord Chancellor) to allow individual judges

neg: Bois Roussel 23 years old. Bois Roussel did not start as a two-year-old. Raced at age three by Leon Volterra, he made his racing debut in early 1938 at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris, winning the Prix Juigne, an event for unraced colts and geldings. Shortly thereafter, Volterra sold Bois Roussel for £8,000 to the Hon. Peter Beatty, son of Admiral David Beatty and grandson of Chicago department store magnate, Marshall Field. His new owner sent Bois Roussel to England to run in June's Epsom Derby. Making just the second start of his career, bettors sent the colt off at 20/1 odds. Ridden

neg: Edgar Benson that he put in place is still alive. No one has really touched it since." He was also instrumental in rolling out a national medical care plan and supplementary old age pensions and played a key role in federal-provincial relations. Benson wore a pair of new shoes on budget day in 1968, although he said, "He didn't buy them just for the budget." The following year he did not wear new shoes when delivering the budget, saying jokingly that he couldn't afford them, and in 1970 proudly displayed his worn soles on budget day. He later served as Minister of

neg: Defined benefit pension plan the system. Stage 1 sees the introduction of PAYG pensions, this is most often in time when the country’s population is rather young with more than fifteen working age and contributing individuals for each pensioner. The coverage of working population is still quite small. The system is in surplus, which allows government to increase the size of old age pensions, providing much bigger return to their contributions then they would receive on the market. This stage could have been observed in Germany in 1920 or in Brazil, Argentina and other Latin American countries in 1950. Stage 2 starts to present

neg: Arthur Forwood union and Empire, monarchy and church, Lords and Commons", he was concerned that the Conservative leaders were "too faint-hearted or stuck up", and was worried about the "timidity" of the Liverpool merchants. He supported the establishment of an episcopal see and a University College in Liverpool and, more generally, advocated universal suffrage, the redistribution of parliamentary seats, temperance reform, comprehensive employers' liability, old age pensions, council housing, public utilities and public transport. When he was a minister, he was described as being "a hustler" and as having drive as an administrator and reformer, but he did not have "the knack

neg: Knud Kristensen pensions for men from 60 to 65, it granted old-age pensions to people from the age of 60 in cases of ill-health or special circumstances. Under the Building Subsidy Act of April 1946 low interest rates were made available to central government to support housing construction for the needy, while rent supplements were introduced for families with smaller children. Kristensen resigned as Prime Minister when the Folketing passed a vote of no confidence because of his failed enthusiasm for incorporating Southern Schleswig into Denmark. Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig and Holstein in the second war of Schleswig in 1864,

neg: Financial gerontology to have (e.g., an individual retirement account, an employer-based pension, Social Security, personal investments and savings, home equity); (2) the dramatic move from Defined Benefit pensions ("they are responsible for my future retirement income") to Defined Contribution pensions ("I am responsible for my future retirement income"); (3) increasing family-connected financial complexities (nowadays a 62-year-old is more likely than in prior decades to have one or more surviving 87-year-old parents). The textbook also includes chapters on the multiple meanings of "middle" when talking about the financial psychology of middle age, as well as chapters on health insurance, long-term care, and reverse

neg: Pensions in the United Kingdom be receiving income from a pension from previous employment. Pensions in the United Kingdom Pensions in the United Kingdom can be categorised into three major divisions and seven sub-divisions, covering both defined benefit and defined contribution pensions.: Personal accounts, automatic enrolment and the minimum employer contribution are new categories which joined these from 2012. Automatic enrolment has been successful, but there are a number of myths remaining around the scheme, which professional bodies and companies are working to eradicate. The state provides basic pension provision intended to prevent poverty in old age. Until 2010 men over the age of 65

neg: Francis Bertie Boyce his parish and especially the position of men and women too old to work. He believed in old-age pensions, and on 9 September 1895 wrote to the "Sydney Daily Telegraph" advocating the appointment of a committee to inquire into and report on this question. Early in 1896 he called a meeting to form a pensions league. J. C. Neild had also been advocating the granting of pensions in parliament, and eventually a committee was appointed which recommended that pensions should be paid out of the public revenue. Boyce worked hard to keep the question before the public, but it was

neg: Achieved to win by one and half lengths. The form of the race was boosted ten days later when Hays won the Mill Reef Stakes by three lengths. Achieved was expected to return to England for the Royal Lodge Stakes but sustained a minor injury and did not race again that year. In the official International Classification of two-year-olds for 1981 he was rated the best Irish juvenile and the eighth-best colt of his age in Europe. The independent Timeform organisation gave him a rating of 124, making him eight-pounds inferior to their best two-year-old Wind and Wuthering. At the start

neg: George W. P. Hunt to be elected first Governor of Arizona. Hunt was sworn in as Arizona's first state governor on February 14, 1912. When the new legislature met in March of the same year, he lobbied for passage of legislation restricting child labor, lobbying, and usury. Other legislation supported by Hunt included requirements for newspapers to disclose their ownership, creation of workers' compensation, and creating old age pensions. Due to an Arizona Supreme Court ruling that there would be no elections for state officials in 1912, Hunt's first run for reelection did not occur until 1914. After defeating Ralph H. Cameron, the governor's

neg: Retirement ages are being brought into line. The table below shows the variation in eligibility ages for public old-age benefits in the United States and many European countries, according to the OECD. Notes: Parentheses indicate eligibility age for women when different. Sources: Cols. 1–2: OECD Pensions at a Glance (2005), Cols. 3–6: Tabulations from HRS, ELSA and SHARE. Square brackets indicate early retirement for some public employees. In the United States, while the normal retirement age for Social Security, or Old Age Survivors Insurance (OASI), historically has been age 65 to receive unreduced benefits, it is gradually increasing to age 67.

neg: Lyle Boren Democratic primary election to Glen D. Johnson. Following his tenure in Congress, he resumed his business pursuits, except, in 1948, when he attempted to re-enter politics by running for his former U.S. House seat (Boren was again defeated). Boren was known as an independent, opposing his party on several occasions. He worked against the growth of the federal government and excessive federal spending. He angered labor unions by backing legislation to ban strikes at defense plants, which did hurt him politically. Boren's legislative efforts included cancer research, old-age pensions, the Civil Aeronautics Board, newsprint and paper shortages, consumer product labeling,

neg: Pensions in the Netherlands married or cohabiting couples each receiving 50% of the minimum wage, while those who live alone are entitled to a pension worth more than 70% of the minimum wage. The moment when a person receives AOW has changed since 2016. In this year the Dutch government announced that they will connect the data of receiving AOW to the national life expectancy. When a person reaches the age of 67 in or before 2021. That the age AOW payments will start. From 2020 the AOW age will be directly connected to the life expectancy. This means that the government is able

neg: David Lloyd George of family members employed on the same vessel). The National Health Insurance Act 1920 increased insurance benefits, and eligibility for pensions was extended to more people. The means limit for pensions was raised by about two-thirds, aliens and their wives were allowed to receive pensions after living in Britain for ten years, and the imprisonment and "failure to work" disqualifications for receiving pensions were abolished. In addition, pensions were introduced for blind persons aged fifty and above. Old age pensions were doubled, efforts were made to help returning soldiers find employment, and the Whitley Councils were established to arbitrate between

neg: Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 to remain in office until 75, it expressly forbids persons aged over 75 to hold any judicial post whatsoever. An exception is the post of Lord Chancellor, a political appointee. Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 The Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that strengthened the mandatory retirement provisions previously instituted by the Judicial Pensions Act 1959 for members of the British judiciary. While the 1959 Act forbade service past age 75 by any judges appointed thereafter (Lord Denning being the last exempt jurist in England retiring in 1982 and

neg: History of the Labour Party (UK) to pass a revised Old Age Pensions Act, a more generous Unemployment Insurance Act, and an act to improve wages and conditions in the coal industry (i.e. the issues behind the General Strike). Under the Coal Mines Act 1930, for instance, marketing schemes for output and price regulation were set up, while a commission was appointed to promote schemes of unification. Minimum wages and subsistence allowances were fixed for one year, while measures for miner's safety were increased and improved. The Pensions Act of 1929 granted pensions to over 500,000 children, old people, and widows who had previously been excluded

neg: John Curtin Curtin Government to set up a far-reaching, federally administered range of social services. These included a widows' pension (1942), maternity benefits for Indigenous Australians (1942), funeral benefits (1943), a second form of maternity benefit (1943), a wife's allowance (1943), additional allowances for the children of pensioners (1943), unemployment, sickness and Special Benefits (1945), and pharmaceutical benefits (1945). Substantial improvements to pensions were made, with invalidity and old-age pensions increased, the qualifying period of residence for age pensions halved, and the means test liberalised. Other social security benefits were significantly increased, while child endowment was liberalised, a scheme of vocational training

neg: Thomas Bent in 1904, and thus became Premier at the age of 66. By this time Bent had grown very fat and his jovial manner, together with Victoria's gradual recovery from the 1890s depression, gained him renewed popularity. In addition to being premier, Bent had the portfolios of public works and railways. Much legislation was passed relating to improvements in public health, education, old age pensions, and water conservation. At the June 1904 elections he won a comfortable majority, and did so again in 1907. His government favoured more state intervention in the economy than had 19th century liberal governments, and there

neg: William Bauchop Wilson of the boundary waters between the United States and Canada, and served until March 21, 1921, when he resigned. In December 1916, Wilson addressed a conference on social insurance in which he discussed State developments in that field such as the provision of mothers’ pensions and workmen’s compensation, and also spoke of the possibility of the United States introducing old-age pensions and universal health insurance. Wilson was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1926. After his public service he was engaged in mining and agricultural pursuits near Blossburg, Pennsylvania. He died on board a train

neg: Liberal Party of Canada mothers with young children. He also reluctantly introduced old age pensions when J. S. Woodsworth required it in exchange for his Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party's support of King's minority government. Louis St. Laurent succeeded King as Liberal leader and Prime Minister on November 15, 1948. In the 1949 and 1953 federal elections, St. Laurent led the Liberal Party to two large majority governments. As Prime Minister he oversaw the joining of Newfoundland in Confederation as Canada's tenth province, he established equalization payments to the provinces, and continued with social reform with improvements in pensions and health insurance. In 1956, Canada

neg: Welfare in Japan and social security costs in 1975, while government pensions accounted for 20%. By the early 1980s, pensions accounted for nearly 50% of social welfare and social security expenditures because people were living longer after retirement. A fourfold increase in workers' individual contributions was projected by the twenty-first century. The earliest Japanese idea of welfare first appeared in 1874 during the Meiji Period when Mercy and Relief Regulation introduced a cash allowance exclusively to orphans under 13, those who were unable to work due to illness, disabilities or old age and those who were under 15 or over 70 and lived

neg: Economy of Uzbekistan part-time on tiny household plots. However, no reliable figures are available due to the absence of credible labor surveys. The minimum wage, public-sector wages, and old-age pensions are routinely raised twice a year to ensure that base income is not eroded by inflation. Although no statistics are published on average wages in Uzbekistan, pensions as a proxy for the average wage increased significantly between 1995 and 2006, both in real terms and in U.S. dollars. The monthly old-age pension increased in real (CPI-adjusted) sums by almost a factor of 5 between 1995 and 2006. The monthly pension in U.S. dollars

neg: History of Canada (1945–60) History of Canada (1945–60) Prosperity returned to Canada during the Second World War. With continued Liberal governments, national policies increasingly turned to social welfare, including universal health care, old-age pensions, and veterans' pensions. The financial crisis of the Great Depression after WW1, scoured by rampant corruption, had led Newfoundlanders to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a crown colony ruled by a British governor. Prosperity returned when the U.S. military arrived in 1941 with over 10,000 soldiers and huge investments in air and naval bases. Popular sentiment grew favourable toward the United States, alarming the Canadian government, which now

neg: National Committee of Organised Labour and pensions system based on national insurance contributions in 1878. From 1885 Charles Booth's work had provided insight into the poverty of old age. Trade unions, friendly societies, and individuals such as Joseph Chamberlain, Samuel Barnett, George Cadbury and Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree involved themselves in the issue. A catalyst for concerted action was the passing, in New Zealand, of the Old-age Pensions Act, 1898, which provided means-tested benefits for aged people 'of good character'. Francis Herbert Stead, warden of Browning Hall and an active campaigner for social reform, invited William Pember Reeves, the New Zealand Agent General in London to

neg: First MacDonald ministry clause, by which applicants had to prove that they were actively seeking work, was introduced, a move that the government saw as a means of preventing abuse but drew criticism from within the Labour movement. For pensioners, increases were made in both old-age pensions and the pensions of ex-servicemen and of their widows and children. Improvements were made in the condition of old-age pensioners by allowing small incomes from savings to be disregarded in calculating the pension due. As a result of this change, 60,000 elderly people, whose meagre savings had previously reduced their pension entitlement, received the full state

neg: Pensions in Denmark workers while consequently lessening youth unemployment, early retirement would allow individuals who have paid contributions for up to thirty years go on early retirement at 60 until they qualify for old age pension at 65. Pensions in Denmark Pensions in Denmark consist of both private and public programs, all managed by the Agency for the Modernisation of Public Administration under the Ministry of Finance. Denmark created a multipillar system, consisting of an unfunded social pension scheme, occupational pensions, and voluntary personal pension plans. Denmark's system is a close resemblance to that encouraged by the World Bank in 1994, emphasizing the

neg: Pensions in Israel All civil servants except for career soldiers can accumulate a pension up to a maximum of 70% of their final salary, while soldiers can accumulate up to 76%. All civil servants employed before 2004 are entitled to a pension of 70% of their finishing salary. The pensions are not based on accumulated contributions to a pension fund but rather come directly from the state budget. Pensions in Israel Pensions in Israel consist of a state old age pension system, a private pension system which employees are legally required to participate in and that is supervised and regulated by the government,

neg: Andrew Fisher to the future of the Deakin minority government. With the Deakin ministry in trouble, Deakin spoke to Fisher and Watson about a possible coalition, and following a report agreed to it providing Labour had a majority in cabinet, that there was immediate legislation for old-age pensions, that New Protection was carried and that at the following election the government would promise a progressive land tax. No coalition was formed, however the pressure from Labour brought about productive change by Deakin: he agreed to a royal commission into the post office, old-age pensions were to be provided from the surplus revenue

neg: 1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum schedule a plebiscite at that time. The provincial election of 1928 resulted in the Conservatives losing their majority of 37 seats and receiving a smaller majority of 3 seats. Two major issues in the campaign were prohibition and old age pensions. After the election, the Royal Commission presented a report which recommended government control of liquor sales as a possible source of revenue for old age pensions. Premier Rhodes then scheduled a plebiscite. The plebiscite contained two questions. The first question was as follows: The second question was as follows A majority of people voted yes on each question. Government

neg: Pension policy in South Korea a strong redistributive element and participation is mandated by law. Currently, only 29% of elderly received old-age pensions from the National Pension Scheme in 2013. One of the current issues with the National Pension Scheme is that not all retirees will be able to draw benefits from the pension because they have no completed the ten year contribution requirement. The South Korean pension system was created to provide benefits to persons reaching old age, families and persons stricken with death of their primary breadwinner, and for the purposes of stabilizing its nations welfare state. South Korea's pensions system structure is

neg: Ministry of Social Development (New Zealand) - Old Age Pensions Department established. 1909-1912 - Pensions administered as a division of the Post and Telegraph Department. 1913 - Pensions Department established. 1 April 1939 - Social Security Department under the control of Social Security Commission was established by the Social Security Act, 1938. It replaced the former Pensions Department and absorbed the major portion of the Employment Division of the Department of Labour. 1 April 1972 - Department of Social Welfare formed from the amalgamation of the Social Security Department and the Child Welfare Division of the Department of Education. 1 May 1992 - Major restructuring of

neg: Old Age Pension Order Old Age Pension Order The Old Age Pension Order is the close cousin of the postal order that was issued between 1909 and 2005 in the United Kingdom. They were also issued in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland, but information about these issues are missing and/or undocumented. The old age pension orders were issued in books to those who were receiving the old age pension. It is entirely possible that other types of pension orders were issued to those receiving other pensions. British Old Age Pension Orders were overprinted for issue in the Isle of Man. It is

neg: Pensions in Pakistan retired population, is also entitled to receive and be endowed with this social security right. Pensions in Pakistan Pensions in Pakistan are provisions which are provided to retired employees. Because only the retired formal sector mostly benefits from pensions, most of the social schemes and retirement welfare system in the country cover a small proportion of the old-age population, whereas a significant proportion of the elderly population working in the informal sector remains largely unprotected by these social security schemes. There have been calls for devising and implementing reform in the pension sector of the country in a way where

neg: Pensions in Pakistan Pensions in Pakistan Pensions in Pakistan are provisions which are provided to retired employees. Because only the retired formal sector mostly benefits from pensions, most of the social schemes and retirement welfare system in the country cover a small proportion of the old-age population, whereas a significant proportion of the elderly population working in the informal sector remains largely unprotected by these social security schemes. There have been calls for devising and implementing reform in the pension sector of the country in a way where there is efficient deployment of resources and the eligible, yet economically disadvantaged portion of the

neg: Algemene Ouderdomswet Algemene Ouderdomswet The Algemene Ouderdomswet (general old age pensions act, abbreviated AOW) is a 1956 Dutch law that installed a state pension for all elderly. This law was a continuation of a 1947 temporary law. The old law was a proposal by Willem Drees and the new one came about when he was prime minister. It is the one thing he is remembered for most and his name is immortalised in the expression 'van Drees trekken' (literally 'drawing from Drees' after the Dutch word 'steuntrekken' for receiving social security). The law provides a pension from an "AOW age" which increases

neg: Pensions in Denmark Pensions in Denmark Pensions in Denmark consist of both private and public programs, all managed by the Agency for the Modernisation of Public Administration under the Ministry of Finance. Denmark created a multipillar system, consisting of an unfunded social pension scheme, occupational pensions, and voluntary personal pension plans. Denmark's system is a close resemblance to that encouraged by the World Bank in 1994, emphasizing the international importance of establishing multifaceted pension systems based on public old-age benefit plans to cover the basic needs of the elderly. The Danish system employed a flat-rate benefit (social security benefit) funded by the government

neg: Francis Adams (writer) fourpence an hour, he raised his voice, and the rhetoric of "At the West India Docks" echoed throughout the labour movement. Some of his verses provoked resentment in Conservative circles, but Adams perceived, as few did in those times, the depth of poverty and misery of much of the British nation in an age before the introduction of unemployment insurance and old-age pensions. He is also important as a writer of novels who was in touch with contemporary social issues and genres. Although his work could be hasty and uneven, it was always interesting for its treatment of themes such

neg: History of the Labour Party (UK) benefits were also increased, while the income level was increased to the same level. In addition, a further Bill raised Supplementary Old Age Pensions and Unemployment Assistance. New Orders were also made governing Industrial Diseases, “both extending and improving welfare and medical services in these fields,” while in the field of industrial relations Bevin assisted in the creation of 43 new Joint Industrial Councils. A system of resettlement grants was also established to help ex-Service men and women to either start or restart a business. The Second World War also saw significant improvements in the position of trade unions, which

neg: Genie (feral child) for someone with a fully intact brain, although she did somewhat better on visual than on auditory tests. The scientists especially noted that she did not start to count until late 1972, and then only in an extremely deliberate and laborious manner. In January 1972 the scientists measured her in the 50th percentile for an 8- to 9-year-old on Raven's Progressive Matrices, although they noted she was outside of the age range of the test's design. Similarly, when the scientists administered Knox Cubes tests in 1973 and 1975 Genie's score improved from the level of a 6-year-old to a 7-year-old,

neg: Vijay Mahajan promotion services to rural poor households. This includes provision of financial services, agricultural/business development services and institutional development services. The BASIX Livelihood Triad includes the following services. The rationale behind the BASIX Livelihood Triad strategy was as follows: Micro-credit by itself was helpful for the more enterprising poor people in economically dynamic areas. Less enterprising poor households need to start with savings and insurance before they can benefit from micro-credit, because they need to cope with risk. For their old age, people need long term safe savings which can yield pensions. They also need money transfer services to receive payments

neg: Welfare in Peru declared income. To receive old-age pensions a citizen is required to be at least 65 years old and must have contributed 20 years of contributions. The early pension is different depending of the gender, men have to be at leasy 55 years old with at least 30 years of contribution and women are required to at least be 50 with 25 years of contributions. The disability pension is only given when you had been employed when the disability began and can require anywhere between three to fifteen years of contributions. Survivor pension means that the insured received or qualified to

neg: Christian IX of Denmark in the Folketing. This was the beginning of the Danish tradition of parliamentarism and clearly bettered his reputation for his last years. Another reform occurred in 1866, when the Danish constitution was revised so that Denmark's upper chamber would have more power than the lower. Social security also took a few steps forward during his reign. Old age pensions were introduced in 1891 and unemployment and family benefits were introduced in 1892. Queen Louise died on 29 September 1898 at Bernstorff Palace near Copenhagen. Christian himself died peacefully of old age at 87 at the Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen after

neg: Andrew Fisher These included establishment of old-age and disability pensions, a maternity allowance and workers compensation, issuing Australia's first paper currency, forming the Royal Australian Navy, the start of construction of the Trans-Australian Railway, expanding the bench of the High Court of Australia, the founding of Canberra, and the establishment of the state-owned Commonwealth Bank. Fisher's second government also introduced uniform postal charges throughout Australia, carried out measures to break up land monopolies, put forward proposals for closer regulation of working hours, wages and employment conditions, and amended the 1904 Conciliation and Arbitration Act to provide greater authority for the court president,

neg: Scot Breithaupt "?" mark in the space for the rider's age on the ABA sign-up form for when he raced Cruiser class. Also, in part two of a four-part series of interviews by BMXUltra.com profiling Mr. Breithaupt and SE Racing in response to a question "When did you start SE?" he quips "I started SE Racing in Mid 1977 when I was 14." Of course the joke being, if true he helped invent BMX in 1970 when he was seven years old. Young Breithaupt did not just tend to his own track. He designed the Saddleback Park B.M.X. Track in Orange County,

neg: Old age community. German chancellor Otto von Bismarck created the world's first comprehensive government social safety net in the 1880s, providing for old age pensions. In the United States of America, and the United Kingdom, 65 (UK 60 for women) was traditionally the age of retirement with full old age benefits. In 2003, the age at which a United States citizen became eligible for full Social Security benefits began to increase gradually, and will continue to do so until it reaches 67 in 2027. Full retirement age for Social Security benefits for people retiring in 2012 is age 66. In the United

neg: Frederick Sheppard Grimwade Frederick Sheppard Grimwade Frederick Sheppard Grimwade (10 November 1840 – 4 August 1910) was a businessman and Victorian member of parliament. Born in Norfolk, England, Grimwade arrived in Victoria in 1863. In 1867 he bought a pharmaceutical company and renamed it Felton Grimwade & Co.; it soon became the largest in the colony, prospering well into the next century. Today some of Australia's largest public companies have a lineage going back to his family and businesses. Grimwade represented North Yarra Province in the Legislative Council for thirteen years from 1891. He opposed gambling, workers' compensation, old-age pensions and the national

neg: Public pensions in Greece pensions with an accrual rate of 0.77%, thus collecting less when reaching retirement age. This rate increases progressively based on the number of years worked to a maximum of 2% for those who have contributed a minimum of 40 years. These pensioners are rewarded by being able to retire at the minimum retirement age of 62 while collecting their pensions at the maximum aforementioned rate of 2%, instead of collecting full pension benefits at the normal retirement age of 67. The other component is a state funded national pension based on years of residency. Pension amounts are determined by number

neg: Welfare in Peru receive a pension, eligible survivors to receive pensions are limited but can include widowers and children under the age of 18. The SPP is fairly similar to social insurance with some distinctions. To obtain SPP, you can obtain distributions at the age of 65 or when the individual account has reached 50% of indexed earnings. The disability pension is paid so long as the insured party has lost at least 50% of total income and cannot qualify to obtain old-age pension. Survivor pension can be distributed to a widow or partner and children under the age of 18. JUNTOS is

neg: Cleveleys Cleveleys Cleveleys is a town on the Fylde Coast of Lancashire, England, about north of Blackpool and south of Fleetwood. It is part of the Borough of Wyre. With its neighbouring settlement of Thornton, Cleveleys was part of the former urban district of Thornton-Cleveleys and is part of the Blackpool Urban Area. At the start of the Second World War, several departments of the Ministry of Pensions, the Ministry of Education and the Board of Trade were moved to the Cleveleys area. Some were housed in the Rossall School briefly. An extensive site was developed for the Ministry of Pensions

neg: Italian welfare state Italian pensions are among the most generous in the developed world in terms of income replacement. The net income replacement rate for Italian pensions in 2016 was 93 percent. According to 2016 OECD data, the normal age of a retiree in Italy is 66.6 years old. The earliest at a which a person is eligible for full retirement benefits is 62.8 years. The history of pensions in Italy dates back to the institution in 1898 of the Factory Workers National Insurance Fund for Invalidity and Ageing (CNAS), a voluntary insurance that received grants from the State as well as from

neg: John Curtin the Curtin Government enacted a wide range of progressive social reforms during its time in office. Pensions were introduced for deserted wives and widows, while the establishment of the Women's Employment Board led to increased wages for some women during the war. Aboriginal Australians were provided with significantly increased entitlement to welfare benefits, while maternity allowances were extended. In addition, pensions for the elderly and infirm were increased, while reciprocal arrangements with New Zealand were introduced regarding old age and invalid pensions. In 1942, temporary public employees became eligible to apply to join the Commonwealth superannuation scheme if they had

neg: The Fourth Pillar would otherwise place too great a burden upon future generations. With recent and current reforms of public pensions aimed at future sustainability - involving inevitably a fall in the relative level of old-age benefits - the development of second and third pillar pensions has become a priority. In many countries, second pillar pensions have been made compulsory and, where not already compulsory, have been encouraged by all kinds of financial and fiscal incentives. Private pension funds will play a growing role in securing future retirement income. It however must be understood that even substantial development of second and third pillar

neg: Career average pension Career average pension A career average pension or career average revalued earnings pension (CARE pension) is a type of occupational pension scheme, where people saving for retirement pay for a benefit after retirement where they will receive a sum that is calculated according to their average earnings over their career. Particularly in UK pensions, this model has been introduced as an alternative to both defined contribution pensions, which may run out and lead to old age poverty if they live longer, and final salary pensions which give people a benefit based on the last salary they earned before retirement. It

neg: Marcus Trescothick that summer in the third Test against the West Indies at Old Trafford. He displayed a calm temperament when England lost early wickets, scoring 66 and forming a partnership of 179 with Alec Stewart. Journalist Thrasy Petropoulos observed that there was "poise and durability...just as there had been enterprise and verve to his impressive start in the one-day arena." He ended the Test series with an average of 47.50. England began the 2000–2001 winter tour with the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy at Nairobi Gymkhana Club. Trescothick did not score highly in the tournament, and England were knocked out at the

neg: Pensions in Norway scheme. The Minimal state pension is a pension scheme which is paid to retirees who have not earned a special supplement (Særtillegg) or who have earned an Occupational pensions which is lower than the State Pension special supplement. The minimal state pension provision is intended to prevent poverty in old age. All Norwegian citizens over the age of 67 are entitled to claim state pension, including Norwegian citizens who have never accrued pension, or those who have accrued a low pension. Living costs in Norway are very high and have been increasing tremendously over the past few decades. Therefore, the

neg: Francis Herbert Stead Francis Herbert Stead Frances Herbert Stead (1857-1928, commonly cited as F. H. Stead) was a British social reformer notable for the establishment of Browning Hall in Walworth, London, in 1894-5, and for his work on the National Committee of Organised Labour which waged a decade-long campaign for the introduction of a general tax funded system of old-age pensions from 1899. Frances Herbert Stead was born in 1857 in Howdon, near Wallsend, North Tyneside in the north-east of England, the son of a Congregational minister, the Rev William Stead and Isabella (née Jobson), a cultivated daughter of a Yorkshire farmer. His

neg: Sir Alexander Matheson, 3rd Baronet the development of mines. In 1897, he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council for North-East Province, serving until 1901. He served as a member of the Federal Council of Australasia from 1897 to 1901. In 1901 he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Senator for Western Australia, on a platform of absolute free trade, industrial arbitration, old-age pensions, uniform franchise and White Australia. He served until his retirement in 1906. Returning to England, he succeeded to the baronetcy in 1920, and died in 1929. Sir Alexander Matheson, 3rd Baronet Sir Alexander Perceval Matheson, 3rd Baronet (6

neg: Cyril Moses Picciotto the Inner Temple in 1913. He worked on the North Eastern Circuit. He was in the Military Department of the India Office from 1915–19. He was Referee, under Widows’ Orphans’ and Old Age Contributory Pensions Acts from 1930–32. He became a King's Council in 1938. As a writer, his publications included; He was a member of the Council of the Jewish Historical Society of England. In 1939 he was appointed to the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation's representative on the Board of Deputies. He was Chairman of the London Area Council for Combating Anti-Semitism. Picciotto was Liberal candidate for the St

neg: Australian peers and baronets 1901. In 1901 he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Senator for Western Australia, on a platform of absolute free trade, industrial arbitration, old-age pensions, uniform franchise and White Australia. He served until his retirement in 1906. Returning to England, he succeeded to the Matheson baronetcy in 1920, and died in 1929. Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Bt. (1859, Colony of New South Wales) The baronetcy is extinct. Sir Samuel James Way, 1st Bt. (1836-1916; baronetcy awarded 1899, Colony of South Australia) The baronetcy is extinct. Australian peers and baronets Peers of the Realm have been associated with Australia

neg: Social pension basic income in old age. Citizen's pensions are based in law and provide cash transfers to older people subject only to tests of age and citizenship or residency, never income, assets or other pension income. A citizen's pension is not a retirement pension. There is no income test, so it is not necessary to stop working to receive it. Some researchers apply the term "citizen's pension" to social pensions that exclude – partially or totally - older people with other pension income, irrespective of their non-pension income or wealth. "Universal minimum pension" is another description of such a scheme, which

neg: 1908 Wolverhampton East by-election of free trade, the proposed Bill on Old Age Pensions, restricting to eight the hours that miners could be made to work daily, women’s suffrage, Irish Home Rule and any necessary reform of the House of Lords. He was also strongly in favour of temperance and a supporter of the disestablishment of the Church of England. Fowler had been unopposed in two of the previous four elections, and had won the last, in 1906, with more than two thirds of the votes cast, a majority of 2,865. Thorne won the by-election by a majority of just eight votes from the

neg: Emma, Lady Radford of Guardians as a representative for Surbiton. During the First World War, she was chairman of the Kingston-upon-Thames branch of the Women's Land Army. She was also one of the first women co-opted onto the Old Age Pensions Committees and served on them for six years. She moved to Exeter around the time of her husband's death in 1917, and involved herself with various local organisations, including the Friends of Exeter Cathedral (of which she was a council member) and the West of England branch of the United Association of Great Britain and France, which she helped to found. In

neg: 1946 Australian referendum (Social Services) the only social services provision was s51(xxiii) that gave power to legislate for invalid and old-age pensions. This amendment introduced s51(xxiiiA), which reads:s51(xxiiiA.) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorise any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances:Notably, federal legislation already existed on a number of these issues despite the lack of a clear constitutional basis: child endowment payments were introduced in 1941, widow's pensions in 1942, and unemployment benefits (commonwealth) in 1945. These payments were based on the

neg: History of retirement government. In the mid-1800s certain United States municipal employees, including firefighters, police and teachers, started receiving public pensions. In 1875, the American Express Company began to offer private pensions. By the 1920s, a variety of American industries, from railroads to oil to banking, began offering pensions. In his 1905 valedictory address to the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the eminent Canadian physician William Osler expressed his conviction that a man's best work was done before he was forty years old, and that by age sixty, he should retire. He called the ages between twenty five and forty the "15 golden years of

neg: Pensions in Chile by pension funds is very unprofitable for workers with lower incomes. The World Bank therefore recommended that the minimum pension and the Pensiones Asistenciales should be abolished and instead introduced a public risk pooling device financed by VAT tax revenue. The reform includes mainly the following points: "Supporting pension reform:" "Critical of pension reform:" Pensions in Chile The Chile Pension system (Spanish: "Sistema Previsional") refers to old-age, disability and survivor pensions for workers in Chile. The pension system was changed by José Piñera, during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship, on November 4, 1980 from a PAYGO-system to a fully funded capitalization system

neg: Pensions in Chile Pensions in Chile The Chile Pension system (Spanish: "Sistema Previsional") refers to old-age, disability and survivor pensions for workers in Chile. The pension system was changed by José Piñera, during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship, on November 4, 1980 from a PAYGO-system to a fully funded capitalization system run by private sector pension funds. Many critics and supporters see the reform as an important experiment under real conditions, that may give conclusions about the impact of the full conversion of a PAYGO-system to a capital funded system. The development was therefore internationally observed with great interest. Under Michelle Bachelet's government the Chile

neg: Albert Métin sat with the radical socialists. He also became General Councillor of Doubs. In the period before World War I (1914–18) he was a member of commissions on social security, civil pensions, fiscal legislation, the budget and foreign affairs. On 9 December 1913 Gaston Doumergue appointed him Minister of Labor and Social Security, a position he held until 3 June 1914. He was supported by the journal "le Petit Comtois", which in January 1914 reported his work to give workers access to low-cost housing, to improve old age pensions, particularly for women and widows, to obtain disability pensions and to provide

neg: Sam Henry (musicologist) if they were eligible for old age pensions or relief. To overcome the natural reticence of country people in those remote areas, Henry often took his fiddle and tin whistle with him, played a tune and then asked if anyone in the household knew any of the old songs. He would then record these songs by writing them down using a basic music notation system called tonic sol-fa. When he became Song Editor for the "Northern Constitution" in 1923, Henry used his column to specify what type of old songs he wanted. In return, the readers contributed songs that he

neg: Werner-Schaus Ministry I the introduction of a health insurance fund for farmers. In 1963, civil servants received a salary review which increased their allowance considerably. Finally, they enacted a large-scale pensions reform. The law of 13 May 1964 unified the principles of funding the contribution systems for old-age pensions, and regulated the adaptation of pensions to pay rises. Werner-Schaus Ministry I The first Werner-Schaus Ministry was the government of Luxembourg between 2 March 1959 and 15 July 1964. It was a coalition between the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), and the Democratic Party. It was formed after the general election of 1959. The