query: name the first indian state to use electronic voting machines

pos: Electronic voting in India to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala for a limited number of polling stations.The EVMs were first time used on experimental basis in selected constituencies of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Delhi. The EVMs were used first time in general election (entire state) to the assembly of Goa in 1999. In 2003, all by-elections and state elections were held using EVMs, encouraged by this election commission decided to use only EVMs for Lok Sabha elections in 2004. An EVM consists of two units, control unit and balloting unit. The two units are joined by a five-meter cable. Balloting unit facilitates voting

pos: Election Commission of India an attempt to decriminalise politics, the Election Commission has approached the Supreme Court to put a lifetime ban on convicted politicians from contesting elections. The Election Commission had tried to bring improvements in election procedures by the introduction of Electronic voting machines or EVMs. It was thought that these would reduce malpractices and improve efficiency. It was first tried out on an experimental basis in the state of Kerala for the 1982 Legislative Assembly Elections. After a successful testing and the legal inquiries, the commission took the decision to begin the use of these voting machines. The Election Commission launched

pos: Electronic voting by country concerns over public confidence, plans for use of the new voting system were canceled. Germany ended electronic voting in 2009, with the German Federal Constitutional Court finding that the inability to have meaningful public scrutiny meant that electronic voting was unconstitutional. Electronic voting was first introduced in 1982 and was used on an experimental basis in the North Paravur assembly constituency in the State of Kerala. However the Supreme Court of India struck down this election as against the law in A. C. Jose v. Sivan Pillai case. Amendments were made to the Representation of the People Act, 1951 to

neg: Electronic voting by country became the first Indian state to experiment with Internet voting. Ireland bought voting machines from the Dutch company Nedap for about €40 million. The machines were used on a 'pilot' basis in 3 constituencies for the 2002 Irish general election and a referendum on the Treaty of Nice. Following a public report by the Commission on Electronic Voting, then Minister for the Environment and Local Government, Martin Cullen again delayed the use of the machines On 23 April 2009, the Minister for the Environment John Gormley announced that the electronic voting system was to be scrapped by an as yet

neg: Electronic voting 2002, in the United States, the Help America Vote Act mandated that one handicapped accessible voting system be provided per polling place, which most jurisdictions have chosen to satisfy with the use of DRE voting machines, some switching entirely over to DRE. In 2004, 28.9% of the registered voters in the United States used some type of direct recording electronic voting system, up from 7.7% in 1996. In 2004, India adopted Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) for its elections to its parliament with 380 million voters casting their ballots using more than one million voting machines. The Indian EVMs are designed

neg: Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland Electronic voting machines for elections in the Republic of Ireland were used on a trial basis in 2002, but plans to extend it to all polling stations were put on hold in 2004 after public opposition and political controversy. Electoral law was amended in 2001 and 2004 and sufficient voting machines for the entire state were purchased, but the plan was officially dropped in 2009 and the machines were subsequently scrapped. Elections continue to use paper ballots completed in pencil. At the 17 May 2002 general election, electronic voting machines were used in

neg: Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland Electronic voting machines for elections in the Republic of Ireland were used on a trial basis in 2002, but plans to extend it to all polling stations were put on hold in 2004 after public opposition and political controversy. Electoral law was amended in 2001 and 2004 and sufficient voting machines for the entire state were purchased, but the plan was officially dropped in 2009 and the machines were subsequently scrapped. Elections continue to use paper ballots completed in pencil. At the 17 May 2002 general election, electronic voting machines were used in

neg: Electronic voting by country voting machines (EVMs) used in the election were provided by Bharat Electronics Limited, an Indian state owned company. From the late 1990s until 2007, voting machines were used extensively in elections. Most areas in the Netherlands used electronic voting in polling places. After security problems with the machines were widely publicized, they were banned in 2007. The most widely used voting machines were produced by the company Nedap. In the 2006 parliamentary elections, 21,000 persons used the Rijnland Internet Election System to cast their vote. On 5 October 2006 the group "Wij vertrouwen stemcomputers niet" ("We do not trust voting

neg: Electronic voting in India Electronic voting in India Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections. EVMs have replaced paper ballots in local, state and general (parliamentary) elections in India. There were earlier claims regarding EVMs' tamparability and security which have not been proved. After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court and demands from various political parties, Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system. The VVPAT system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election,

neg: Electronic voting Election Commission) released a universalized standard for computerized voting. 1996 The Reform Party uses I-Voting (Internet Voting) to select their presidential candidate. This election is the first governmental election to use this method in the U.S. May 2002 The FEC revised the standards established for electronic voting from 1990. Nov 2004 4,438 of votes in the general election is lost by North Carolina’s electronic voting machines. The machines continued to count electronic votes past the device's memory capacity and the votes were irretrievably lost. Dec 2005 Black Box Voting showed how easy it is to hack an electronic voting system.

neg: Electronic voting officially over. Popularity of online voting in Estonia has increased widely throughout the nation, as in the elections of 2014 and 2015, nearly one third of Estonian votes were cast online. Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and recently in 2017 state elections held in five states across India. EVMs have replaced paper ballots in local, state and general (parliamentary) elections in India. There were earlier claims regarding EVMs' tamparability and security which have not been proved.After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court

neg: Electronic voting in India units and 3500 ballot units from India's Bharat Electronics Limited; these units will be used in the regional and presidential elections in 2014. Several other Asian and African countries are reportedly interested in using them as well. http://www.criticbrain.com/articles/exclusive-sc-issues-contempt-notice-to-eci Electronic voting in India Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections. EVMs have replaced paper ballots in local, state and general (parliamentary) elections in India. There were earlier claims regarding EVMs' tamparability and security which have not been proved. After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court

neg: Kevin Shelley overseeing that statewide special election. Shelley was generally credited with good work on his handling of the 2003 recall election and on his handling of the controversy over the verifiability of electronic voting machines. He was the first state election official to decertify DRE voting machine systems already in use, to require all DRE voting machine systems to contain an accessible paper copy of a person's vote, and to adopt standards and security measures for such systems. He initiated an investigation into electronic voting machine manufacturer Diebold Election Systems (now Premier Election Solutions), and at the conclusion of the investigation,

neg: Jeff Moss (hacker) state and non-state behavior in cyberspace. In 2017, Jeff spearheaded the creation of the DEF CON Voting Machine Village. Debuting at DEF CON 25, the Voting Machine Village allowed hackers to test the security of electronic voting machines, including several models still in active use in the US. The machines were all compromised over the course of the conference by DEF CON attendees, some within hours of the village's opening. The resulting media coverage of the vulnerability of all tested machines sparked a national conversation and inspired legislation in Virginia. In September 2017, the Voting Machine Village produced "DEF CON

neg: Electronic voting by country minister for the interior Ank Bijleveld said in a first response she would accept the committee's advice, and ban electronic voting. The committee also concluded that the time wasn't ready for voting over the Internet. State secretary Ank Bijleveld responded by announcing a return to paper voting.. It was reported in September 2007 that "a Dutch judge has declared the use of Nedap e-voting machines in recent Dutch elections unlawful." On February 1, 2017 the Dutch government announced that all ballots in the 2017 general election would be counted by hand. The Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development of

neg: 2004 United States election voting controversies breaks down as follows: Before 2004, the increasing use of electronic voting machines had raised several issues: The state of California ordered that 15,000 of its Diebold voting machines not be used in the 2004 elections due to flaws that the company failed to disclose. In September 2005, the Government Accountability Office released a report noting electronic voting systems hold promise for improving the election process while citing concerns about security and reliability raised by numerous groups, and detailing specific problems that have occurred. Provisional ballots are for would-be voters who assert that they are registered but whose names cannot

neg: Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland -Firmware with EEPROMs with their own firmware. On 23 April 2009, Minister for the Environment John Gormley announced that the electronic voting system was to be scrapped, due to cost and the public's dissatisfaction with it. A Department of the Environment website demonstrating how to use electronic voting machines was live until 2012. On 6 October 2010, the Taoiseach Brian Cowen said that the 7,000 machines would not be used for voting and would be disposed of. By that date, the total cost of the electronic voting project has reached €54.6 million, including €3 million spent on storing the machines

neg: Voting machine ballot boxes at the polling place. Stored ballots and/or Precinct Counts are transported or transmitted to a central counting location. The system produces a printed report of the vote count, and may produce a report stored on electronic media suitable for broadcasting, or release on the Internet. Voting machine A voting machine is a machine used to register and tabulate votes. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines. Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes and further categorized by the location

neg: DRE voting machine saw its first trial use in 1974 near Chicago, Illinois, and remained in use until 1980 Microvote and Shoup Voting Machine Corporation entered the market in the mid 1980s with the MV-464 and the Shouptronic. Both of these machines saw widespread use; over 11,000 Shouptronic machines had been sold by 1993. In the years that followed, the rights to the Shouptronic were transferred to Guardian Voting, and then to Danaher Controls, which sold it as the ELECTronic 1242. Like all voting machines, DRE systems increase the speed of vote counting. They can also incorporate the most broad assistive technologies for

neg: Premier Election Solutions the security and reliability of Diebold Election Systems machines that were sold to the state. To settle the case, Diebold agreed to pay $2.6 million and to implement certain reforms. On August 3, 2007, California Secretary of State Debra Bowen decertified Diebold and three other electronic voting systems after a "top-to-bottom review of the voting machines certified for use in California in March 2007." In April 2007, the Maryland General Assembly voted to replace paperless touchscreen voting machines with paper ballots counted by optical scanners, effective in time for the 2010 general (November) elections. The law, signed by the Governor

neg: Electronic voting in Canada a report (in French only) "Report on the Evaluation of New Methods of Voting". In a press release, three root causes of problems with electronic voting machines in the 2005 municipal elections were identified: He recommended that the moratorium on the use of these systems be maintained, and left it up to the provincial legislature to decide whether or not to use electronic voting in future. The moratorium remains in place. Each municipality can choose its own voting machines and standards, although in some provinces municipalities are required to follow provincial standards and regulations. For more information about the elections

neg: Voting machine Voting machine A voting machine is a machine used to register and tabulate votes. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines. Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes. Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and accuracy. Certain systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the

neg: Electronic voting can be difficult for voters with limited mobility and strength. Electronic machines can use headphones, sip and puff, foot pedals, joy sticks and other adaptive technology to provide the necessary accessibility. Organizations such as the Verified Voting Foundation have criticized the accessibility of electronic voting machines and advocate alternatives. Some disabled voters (including the visually impaired) could use a tactile ballot, a ballot system using physical markers to indicate where a mark should be made, to vote a secret paper ballot. These ballots can be designed identically to those used by other voters. However, other disabled voters (including voters with

neg: Electronic voting by country for reuse by another voter. On Nov. 16, 2011, Kuandyk Turgankulov, head of the Kazakh Central Election Commission, said that use of the Sailau system would be discontinued because voters prefer paper, the political parties do not trust it, and the lack of funds required to update the system. Lithuania is planning national online voting, with a target of 20% of votes cast online by 2020. The Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė is quoted however as stating concerns that online voting would not ensure confidentiality and security. In 2014, Namibia became the first African nation to use electronic voting machines. Electronic

neg: Barbara Simons Women Voters support and use of paperless voting. Initially the League had seen electronic voting as better for disabled people, then endorsed voting machines that are "recountable" after Simons In 2008 she was appointed by Senator Harry Reid to the U.S Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors, where she contributed to "Help America Vote Act" (HAVA). With fellow computer scientist Douglas Jones, she co-authored a book about electronic voting machines in 2012, titled “"Broken Ballots: Will Your Vote Count?"”. Following this, in July 2015 she published another report about electronic voting for the U.S. Vote Foundation entitled "The Future of

neg: Help America Vote Act accessibility, affordability, and security of voting equipment, election systems, and voting technology. HAVA requires the National Institute of Standards and Technology annually recommend areas for research. Responses to these requirements varied by state, but a widespread effect has been the purchasing of electronic voting machines, including DRE voting machines. There are criticisms of the reliability and security of these machines. Some electronic voting machines sold through 2005, including those by Diebold Election Systems, have not met the requirements of HAVA and were not required to be in compliance until January 1, 2006. Concerns have been raised that as late as

neg: 2009 Indian general election same name may reflect a significantly different population demographic as well as a slightly altered geographical region. As in the 2004 election, this election was also conducted completely using electronic voting machines (EVMs), with 1,368,430 voting machines deployed across the country. There were 828,804 Polling Stations around the country – a 20% increase over the number from the 2004 election. This was done mainly to avoid vulnerability to threat and intimidation, to overcome geographical barriers and to reduce the distance travelled by voters. The CEC announced that the polling station in Banej village in the Una segment of Junagadh, Gujarat

neg: Electronic voting service now available. The 2007 Estonian elections yielded a higher voter turnout from those who lived in higher income regions and who received formal education. The use of electronic voting in elections remains a contentious issue. Some countries such as Netherlands and Germany have stopped using it after it was shown to be unreliable, while the Indian Election commission recommends it. The involvement of numerous stakeholders including companies that manufacture these machines as well as political parties that stand to gain from rigging complicates this further. A 2017 study of Brazil found no systematic difference in vote choices between online

neg: Electronic voting in Brazil Electronic voting in Brazil Electronic voting was first introduced to Brazil in 1996; with the first tests carried out in the state of Santa Catarina. The primary design goal of the Brazilian voting machine is extreme simplicity, the model being a public phone booth. The first Brazilian voting machines were developed in 1996 by a Brazilian partnership of three companies OMNITECH (previously known as TDA), Microbase and Unisys do Brasil attending the TSE RFP for the Brazilian Elections in 1996. This machine was a modified IBM PC 80386 compatible clone, known as UE96. In 1998, Diebold-Procomp, Microbase and Samurai (formerly

neg: Certification of voting machines NIST in development of the final release. In 2007, California Secretary of State Debra Bowen decertified four electronic voting systems, three of which were conditionally recertified, after a "top-to-bottom review" of the voting machines certified for use in California in March 2007. A new version of the VVSG was approved in 2015. . A draft version of the 2007 VVSG was developed by the TGDC and NIST. It was not approved by the TGDC nor the EAC. The 2005 VVSG, which significantly increased security requirements for voting systems and expanded access, including opportunities to vote privately and independently, for individuals

neg: Electronic voting Electronic voting Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or take care of casting and counting votes. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone electronic voting machines (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet. It may encompass a range of Internet services, from basic transmission of tabulated results to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices. The degree of automation may be limited to marking a paper ballot, or may be a comprehensive system of vote input, vote recording, data encryption and transmission to servers, and consolidation

neg: Electronic voting in Brazil other countries. They have been used for elections in Paraguay and Ecuador, and there are plans to export the patented machines. A new biometrics-based voting machine, with an additional apparatus that does the voter's fingerprint recognition before allowing the ballot to be cast, started being used in 2012. TSE is gradually gathering the fingerprints of all registered voters to spread the process, that will be used by 22 million voters in the 2014 general election. Electronic voting in Brazil Electronic voting was first introduced to Brazil in 1996; with the first tests carried out in the state of Santa Catarina.

neg: Voting machine appropriate counters for each candidate and measure. At the close of the election, the results are hand copied by the precinct officer, although some machines could automatically print the totals. New York was the last state to stop using these machines, under court order, by the fall of 2009. The successor to direct recording voting machines, a direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system records votes by means of an electronic display provided with mechanical or electro-optical components that can be activated by the voter; that processes voter selections by means of a computer program; and that records that processed voting data

neg: Electronic voting chain of custody is required. The solution was first demonstrated (New York City, March 2001) and used (Sacramento, California 2002) by AVANTE International Technology, Inc.. In 2004 Nevada was the first state to successfully implement a DRE voting system that printed an electronic record. The $9.3 million voting system provided by Sequoia Voting Systems included more than 2,600 AVC EDGE touchscreen DREs equipped with the VeriVote VVPAT component. Inadequately secured hardware can be subject to physical tampering. Some critics, such as the group "Wij vertrouwen stemcomputers niet" ("We do not trust voting machines"), charge that, for instance, foreign hardware could

neg: Electronic voting by country legalise elections using Electronic Voting Machines. In 2003, all state elections and by-elections were held using EVMs. The EVMs were also used during the national elections held for the Parliament of India in 2004 and 2009. According to the statistics available through the mainstream media, more than 400 million voters (about 60% of India's eligible voters) exercised their franchise through EVMs in 2009 elections. Tallying such a large number of votes took just a few hours. In India, Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in 2014 Indian general

neg: Voting machines, which may be manual (e.g. lever machines) or electronic. In Brazil, voters type in the number of the candidate they wish to vote for and then confirm their vote when the candidate's photo is displayed on screen. In some countries people are allowed to vote online. Estonia was one of the first countries to use online voting: it was first used in the 2005 local elections. Many countries allow postal voting, where voters are sent a ballot and return it by post. In contrast to a secret ballot, an open ballot takes place in public and is commonly done

neg: Electronic voting by country first time in an Australian parliamentary election. In that election, 16,559 voters (8.3% of all votes counted) cast their votes electronically at polling stations in four places. The Victorian State Government introduced electronic voting on a trial basis for the 2006 State election. Approximately 300,000 impaired Australians voted independently for the first time in the 2007 elections. The Australian Electoral Commission has decided to implement voting machines in 29 locations. In 2007 Australian Defence Force and Defence civilian personnel deployed on operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Timor Leste and the Solomon Islands had the opportunity to vote via the Defence Restricted

neg: Douglas A. Kellner Douglas A. Kellner Douglas A. Kellner (born 1952) is Co-Chair of the New York State Board of Elections. He was appointed in December 2005. Prior to that, he served as the Democratic commissioner from Manhattan on the New York City Board of Elections from 1993 to 2005. Kellner was one of the first proponents of a voter verifiable paper audit trail for electronic voting machines. He was the leader of the opposition to New York City’s contract to purchase unverifiable direct recording electronic voting machines. Kellner is a partner in the law firm of Kellner Herlihy Getty & Friedman, LLP.

neg: Secret ballot the person with disabilities to vote by secret ballot in elections and public referendums". According to this provision, each Contracting State should provide for voting equipment which would enable disabled voters to vote independently and secretly. Some democracies, e.g. the United States, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Albania or India allow disabled voters to use electronic voting machines. In others, among them Azerbaijan, Canada, Ghana, the United Kingdom, and most African and Asian countries, visually impaired voters can use ballots in Braille or paper ballot templates. Article 29 also requires that Contracting States ensure "that voting procedures, facilities and materials are appropriate,

neg: Elections in Australia place in their State on the election day or in early voting locations, or by applying for and mailing in a postal vote. Absentee voting is also available, but not proxy voting. At the 2007 federal election there were 7,723 polling places open for voting. In remote areas, mobile polling places have been used since the 1980s. The visually impaired can use electronic voting machines. Voting is almost entirely conducted by paper ballot. If more than one election takes place at the same time (for example, for the House of Representatives and the Senate), separate ballot papers are used. These

neg: 2008 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election election. The Philippines' first-ever Electronic voting (automated) polls had some 1.6 million Filipino-Muslims registered voters, who will elect a governor, vice governor and regional legislators for the ARMM. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) announced that it will be using 3,300 electronic voting machines in Maguindanao and 156 "automated counting machines" (Electronic voting) in Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Shariff Kabunsuan, and Lanao del Sur. It will using 2 technologies, namely Smartmatic-Sahi Direct Recording Electronic (DRE voting machine), while Optical scan voting system (Optical Mark Readers)(AVANTE International Technology, Inc.) will be used in the 5 other provinces of the ARMM. These include the

neg: Jennifer Brunner policy in order to throw out absentee ballots likely to be cast for the John McCain-Sarah Palin ticket. The Ohio State Supreme Court supported the Republican argument. Other sources claim that ACORN advises and influences Brunner. The 2008 general election was expected to be marred by Diebold electronic voting machines that had malfunctioned on vote transfers from the local precinct machines to the county election board headquarters. Brunner is suing Diebold for other types of vote-dropping malfunctions. Fifty-three of eighty-eight counties used the problematic touch screen electronic voting machines. The machines had also mysteriously crashed and their printers had jammed

neg: Electronic voting by country found, because the voting machine was a direct-recording electronic voting machine; in a poll by a local newspaper the results were totally different. The case is still under prosecution. Van Eck phreaking might also compromise the secrecy of the votes in an election using electronic voting. This made the Dutch government ban the use of computer voting machines manufactured by SDU in the 2006 national elections, fearing that secret ballots may not be kept secret. In September 2007 a committee chaired by Korthals Altes reported to the government that it would be better to return to paper voting. The deputy

neg: Electronic voting by country Santa Catarina. Since 2000, all Brazilian elections have been fully electronic. By the 2000 and 2002 elections more than 400,000 electronic voting machines were used nationwide in Brazil and the results were tallied electronically within minutes after the polls closed. Federal and provincial elections use paper ballots, but electronic voting has been used since at least the 1990s in some municipalities. Today optical scan voting systems are common in municipal elections. Committee reports and analysis from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia have all recommended against provincial Internet voting. A federal committee has recommended against national Internet

neg: Electronic voting by country of this, additional security measures have been applied in the municipality elections on 22. October 2006 in Cottbus, including reading the software from the EPROM to compare it with the source and sealing the machines afterwards. The city of Cottbus ultimately decided not to purchase the Nedap voting system it had previously been leasing. At the moment there are several lawsuits in court against the use of electronic voting machines in Germany. One of these reached the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in February 2007. Critics cite a lack transparency when recording the votes as intended by the voter and

neg: Electronic voting in Canada themselves, see Municipal elections in Canada. Ontario and Nova Scotia permit municipal Internet voting, upon approval by individual city councils. As of 2013, Alberta does not support the use of online voting in municipal elections. Edmonton, Alberta offered touch-screen voting machines for advance voting in 2004. Saint John, New Brunswick used optical scanning machines in the 2004 municipal election. 20 communities used Internet voting as a voting method in the 2016 Nova Scotia municipal elections. Internet and telephone voting combined turnout in Halifax dropped by more than 10,000 compared to 2012. The internet and telephone voting system was contracted to

neg: Voting methods in deliberative assemblies 1980, nearly half of legislatures used such a system. Today, almost two-thirds of the legislative bodies have installed electronic voting systems. About 40 percent of chambers have made updates to their system since 1990. Electronic voting systems typically have voting controls at the front desk and running vote total displays. The National Conference of State Legislatures has reported on various differences in state electronic voting-systems: More sophisticated electronic voting systems are sometimes linked to other technology to assist the legislatures in their work: A minority of state legislative chambers do not use an electronic voting system. Fourteen chambers use a

neg: Electronic voting necessary because computers can and do malfunction, and because voting machines can be compromised. Many insecurities have been found in commercial voting machines, such as using a default administration password. Cases have also been reported of machines making unpredictable, inconsistent errors. Key issues with electronic voting are therefore the openness of a system to public examination from outside experts, the creation of an authenticatable paper record of votes cast and a chain of custody for records. There has been contention, especially in the United States, that electronic voting, especially DRE voting, could facilitate electoral fraud and may not be fully

neg: Electronic voting would be used at all.) Critics argue the need for extra ballots in any language can be mitigated by providing a process to print ballots at voting locations. They argue further, the cost of software validation, compiler trust validation, installation validation, delivery validation and validation of other steps related to electronic voting is complex and expensive, thus electronic ballots are not guaranteed to be less costly than printed ballots. Electronic voting machines can be made fully accessible for persons with disabilities. Punched card and optical scan machines are not fully accessible for the blind or visually impaired, and lever machines

neg: Electronic voting in Canada Premier Election Solutions) states "Global reports add-on sales of 60 AccuVote systems to the City of Ottawa and 70 to the City of Hamilton as well as first-time sales of 60 AccuVote-TS systems to the City of Barrie". Quebec held municipal elections in 2005. Numerous problems were reported with the voting machines used, and Pierre Bourque of Vision Montreal called for some re-votes. Approximately one year later, the Quebec Chief Electoral Officer released a report highly critical of the systems and processes used. As a result of the report, a moratorium on the use of electronic voting in municipal elections

neg: Electronic voting in Brazil each State select a number of voting machines by lot (all available voting machines take part in that lot, identified by their serial number), and those machines so selected, instead of being used in actual pooling stations, are retained in the seat of the State's Regional Electoral Court for a "parallel voting", conducted for audit purposes in the presence of representatives designated by the political parties. The audit vote takes place on the same date as the election. This parallel voting is a mock election but the votes entered in the voting machine are not secret, instead they are witnessed

neg: Electronic voting 1974 The Video Voter, the first DRE voting machine used in a government election, developed by the Frank Thornber Company in Chicago, Illinois, saw its first trial use in 1974 near Chicago. The U.S. Government is given a report by Roy Saltman, a consultant in developing election technology and policies, in which the certification of voting machines is analyzed for the first time. Aug 28, 1986 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizen Absentee Voting Act of 1986 (UOCAVA) requires that US states allow certain groups of citizens to register and vote absentee in elections for federal offices. 1990 The FEC (Federal

neg: Electronic voting "discontinue[d]." Electronic voting systems may offer advantages compared to other voting techniques. An electronic voting system can be involved in any one of a number of steps in the setup, distributing, voting, collecting, and counting of ballots, and thus may or may not introduce advantages into any of these steps. Potential disadvantages exist as well including the potential for flaws or weakness in any electronic component. Charles Stewart of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology estimates that 1 million more ballots were counted in the 2004 USA presidential election than in 2000 because electronic voting machines detected votes that paper-based machines

neg: Douglas Fowler years he was a manager and part-owner of the Saint Charles Inn on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans. Christiansen was also a former mathematics instructor at Tulane University in New Orleans. He was a delegate to the 1972 Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida. In the campaign against Fowler, Christiansen proposed that modern electronic voting devices be adopted to replace what he called "bulky, heavy, cumbersome, cantankerous" voting machines in use since the administration of Governor Robert F. Kennon. Voting machines, often called "Shoup machines" for their inventor, Ransom Shoup, were used in some of the more populous

neg: Dominion Voting Systems Dominion Voting Systems Dominion Voting Systems Corporation is a Canadian company that sells electronic voting hardware including voting machines and tabulators. As of August 2010, Dominion voting machines are used in 600 jurisdictions in 22 states of the United States, and 80,000 Dominion ImageCast Precinct Optical Scan Tabulators are in use in other countries. Dominion was founded in 2002 in Toronto, Canada, by John Poulos and James Hoover. In May 2010, Dominion acquired Premier Election Solutions (formerly Diebold Election Systems) from Election Systems & Software (ES&S). ES&S had just acquired PES from Diebold and was required to sell off PES

neg: Mercuri method Mercuri method The Mercuri method is another name for a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail—a modification to DRE (electronic) voting machines that provides for a physical (paper) audit record that may be used to verify the electronic vote count. Because these machines record votes internally, in computer software, vote fraud may be difficult to detect. Reconciling the electronic vote count with the physical vote count in all, or a random sampling of, machines allows poll-workers to screen for fraud. The election benefits from the efficiency of the DRE machines and the confidence instilled by a physical record. The method works

neg: Certification of voting machines 1984 the FEC armed with congressionally appropriated funds began a six-year task of creating the first national performance and test standards for punchcard, marksense, and direct recording electronic voting systems. The resulting body of work was the first set of voluntary Voting System Standards issued in 1990. In addition to their involvement in the origins of national voting certification and testing, the FEC's Office of Election Administration and the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) updated the initial Voting System Standards with the 2002 Voting System Standards/Guidelines. The national testing effort was overseen by NASED’s Voting Systems Board, which

neg: Bingo voting Bingo voting Bingo voting is an electronic voting scheme for transparent, secure, end-to-end auditable elections. It was introduced in 2007 by Jens-Matthias Bohli, Jörn Müller-Quade, and Stefan Röhrich at the Institute of Cryptography and Security (IKS) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Random numbers are used to record votes. Central to the scheme is the use of trusted random number generating devices in the voting booths alongside the electronic voting machines. Also crucial are its paper receipts which, while not revealing how a vote was cast, and so inhibiting vote buying and intimidation, still allow voters to check that

neg: Electronic voting by country skeptical of the e-voting system after the national recall. Because of past violent elections, 250,000 troops were placed on high alert around the country. These forces were instructed to guard the machines and voting stations in order to preempt any violent protests against the system. Some election officials attempted to postpone the May 10 election day but elections proceeded as scheduled. On May 10, 2010, the Philippines had its first presidential election using electronic voting. Comelec reported that only 400 of the 82,000 machines malfunctioned. Most voter complaints were related to waiting in long lines and learning the new technology.

neg: Churchill Alemao the then Chief Minister of Goa, Digambar Kamat and the Electronic Voting Machines for his defeat. In 2014, after his daughter Valanka Alemao was denied candidature by the Indian National Congress party in the elections to the 16th Lok Sabha from the South Goa, Alemao resigned from the Indian National Congress and announced that he would contest the polls as an independent candidate. Two days later, Alemao joined the All India Trinamool Congress party and was formally inducted in the party by Madan Mitra, a Minister of State in the Government of West Bengal. He contested the elections to the

neg: Ballot marking device a polling place could have several machines, each with a ballot label printed in a different language. The needs of minority voters also drove the development of electronic voting in Belgium. In 1991, a Belgian, Julien Anno working with a group from Texas Instruments filed a patent application for an electronic ballot marker. The Jites and Digivote systems used in Belgium are similar to this, although they use magnetic stripe cards instead of the bar codes used in the TI patent to record the ballot. Belgium continues to use ballot marking devices, although the new machines use thermal printers to

neg: Vern Buchanan record. On November 20, 2006, the Florida Department of State certified the results of the recount, which showed Buchanan winning by 369 votes. Jennings challenged the results of the election in court, citing "pervasive malfunctioning of electronic voting machines." In December 2006, a Florida circuit judge ruled that her claim that voting machines in Sarasota County lost up to 18,000 votes was "conjecture" and didn't warrant overriding the trade secrets of the voting machine company. In June 2007, a Florida state appellate court ruled that Jennings did not meet the "extraordinary burden" of proving the lower court judge was wrong.

neg: DRE voting machine for public concerns. Within the context of protecting voting rights, it would not matter whether vote alteration was done by an outsider or an insider. What is of most importance is the ability to perform an audit with a record generated and verified by the voter at the time their vote is cast, all of which is lost with the sole use of these DRE systems. Aside of particular hacks against particular machines, it is argued that electronic voting using fully digital DRE cannot be made adequately secure. DRE voting machine A direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machine records votes by

neg: Voting methods in deliberative assemblies leader. This typically is done on particularly solemn or important votes. The Senate Historical Office maintains a list of occasions when senators voted from their desks: these included the passage of the Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act; the confirmation votes of Supreme Court justices; and votes on articles of impeachment. Many state legislatures use electronic voting systems for recorded votes. The first state legislative chambers to install electronic voting systems were the Wisconsin State Assembly (1917), Texas House of Representatives (1919), and Virginia House of Delegates (1923). Electronic voting systems continued to spread, and by

neg: Mercuri method of votes. The Mecuri method is named after Rebecca Mercuri who described it in her PhD thesis at the University of Pennsylvania in 2000. Mercuri method The Mercuri method is another name for a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail—a modification to DRE (electronic) voting machines that provides for a physical (paper) audit record that may be used to verify the electronic vote count. Because these machines record votes internally, in computer software, vote fraud may be difficult to detect. Reconciling the electronic vote count with the physical vote count in all, or a random sampling of, machines allows poll-workers to

neg: Electronic voting and demands from various political parties,Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system. The VVPAT system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, 2014. Electronic voting had been used in 2018 People's Justice Party leadership election, which is the party election for the country's largest party. It had suffer many technical problems and many polls had been postponed due to the poor system. 1964 The Norden-Coleman optical scan voting system, the first such system to see actual use, was adopted for use in Orange County, California.

neg: Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland the Government of Ireland established the Independent Commission on Electronic Voting and Counting at Elections to examine the proposed system. It was dissolved in 2006. The Commission issued a series of reports reviewing the proposed system and comparing it to the existing electoral system: "The Commission can recommend the voting and counting equipment as follows: The prime issue was the lack of verifiability by the absence of an audit mechanism or verified paper trail. The former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern had defended the flawed system in the Dáil, bemoaning the use of ""stupid old pencils"". The voting machines bought by the

neg: 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election 60 are elected from single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting, and 440 are elected from 109 multi-member constituencies by open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the largest remainder method to all lists gathering more than 1 % of the valid votes. For the first time, electronic voting machines will be used in a Congolese election. This has raised concerns about vote-rigging, particularly after a warehouse fire in Kinshasa destroyed 8,000 voting machines, which represent more than two thirds of the voting machines that had been planned to be used in the city. On 25 May 2018, businessman and former

neg: Election Systems & Software system for the first time for the November 2014 general election. In January 2014, the City of Chicago reached an agreement with ES&S to provide more than 2,100 ExpressPoll voter check-in and verification devices to support the city's 1.6 million registered voters. The electronic poll books were first used in Chicago's 2014 primary elections. On August 3, 2007, California Secretary of state Debra Bowen withdrew approval of the ES&S InkaVote Plus after announcing a "top-to-bottom review" of the voting machines certified for use in California in March 2007. However, the InkaVote Plus was never included in the review process conducted

neg: Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Hajipur will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 123 Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Hajipur (community development block). Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 21 Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency) (SC). In the 2010, October 2005, February 2005 and 2000 state assembly elections, Nityanand Roy of BJP won the

neg: Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Araria district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Forbesganj will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 48 Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Forbesganj community development block. Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 9 Araria (Lok Sabha constituency) (SC). In the 2010 state assembly elections, Padam Parag Roy Venu of BJP won the Forbesganj assembly seat defeating

neg: Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Sitamarhi district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Sitamarhi will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 28. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Dumra community development block. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 5. Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency). In the November 2010, October 2005 and February 2005 state assembly elections, Sunil Kumar of BJP won the 28 Sitamarhi assembly

neg: Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Muzaffarpur will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 94 Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Muzaffarpur municipal corporation and Bhagwanpur, Madhubani, Majhauli Khetal and Patahi gram panchayats of Musahari community development block. Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 15 Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency). In the 2015 and 2010 state

neg: Saharsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Saharsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Saharsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Saharsa district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 75 Saharsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Kahara community development block including Saharsa nagar parishad; Saur Bazar CD Block. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Saharsa will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Saharsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 13 Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency) . In the 2010 state assembly elections, Alok Ranjan of BJP

neg: Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 63. Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Katihar community development block including Katihar nagar parishad; and Hasanganj CD Block. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Katihar will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Katihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 11 Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency). In the 2010 and October 2005 state assembly elections, Tar Kishore

neg: Electronic voting in Canada are targeting Canada, including nation-states and cybercriminals. It finds that federal elections are well-protected due to being conducted on paper with good control measures. Federal elections are largely paper-based and Elections Canada has a number of legal, procedural, and information technology measures in place, which mitigate cyber threats. Each province can choose its own voting machines and standards. Alberta does not permit the use of Internet voting in provincial elections. British Columbia does not permit the use of Internet voting in provincial elections. A February 2014 Independent Panel on Internet Voting recommended "Do not implement universal Internet voting for either

neg: 2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election party's first cabinet minister. Electronic Voting Machines were used for first time in Jammu Kashmir assembly elections in 2002. The international community also appreciated the credibility of the elections and the results that followed it. The elections was seen as a victory of the ballot over the bullet. United States lauded 2002 elections of the state. There were 1.7 million voters in the state for 2002 elections. The first phase voting took place on 16 September 2002. There was a polling station for just 11 voters in Zanskar. BJP contested on 52 seats while Jammu State Morcha contested on 12

neg: Electronic voting P. Harris, Votomatic was manufactured for a time under license by IBM. William Rouverol, who built the prototype and wrote patents, stated that after the patents expired in 1982, lower quality machines had appeared on the market. The machines used in Florida had five times as many errors as a true Votomatic, he said. Punched-card-based voting systems, the Votomatic system in particular, use special cards where each possible hole is pre-scored, allowing perforations to be made by the voter pressing a stylus through a guide in the voting machine. A problem with this system is the incomplete punch; this can

neg: Electronic voting by country undetermined method, due to cost and the public's dissatisfaction with the current system. On 6 October 2010, the Taoiseach Brian Cowen said that the 7,000 machines would not be used for voting and would be disposed of. As of October 2010, the total cost of the electronic voting project has reached €54.6 million, including €3 million spent on storing the machines over the previous five years. On 9 and 10 April 2006 the Italian municipality of Cremona used Nedap Voting machines in the national elections. The pilot involved 3000 electors and 4 polling stations were equipped with Nedap systems. The

neg: Electronic voting by country This national implementation of electronic voting was intended to increase the accuracy and speed of vote tallying. In addition, it was expected to decrease the fraud and corruption found in past Philippine elections. On May 3, 2010, the Philippines pre-tested the electronic voting systems. The Commission on Elections (Comelec) found 76,000 of the total 82,000 Precinct Count Optical Scan Machines to have faulty memory cards. The machines had miscounted votes and had given some votes to the rival candidate. After discovering discrepancies between manual and automated voting tallies, the memory cards were changed throughout the country. Many Filipino voters became

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail of electronic voting systems, can be difficult to implement, often require specialized external hardware, and can be difficult to use. In the United States twenty-seven states require a paper audit trail by statute or regulation for all direct recording electronic voting machines used in public elections. Another eighteen States don't require them, but use them either stabvtewide or in local jurisdictions. The introduction of malicious software into a VVPAT system can cause it to intentionally misrecord the voter's selections. This attack could minimize detection by manipulating only a small percentage of the votes or for only lesser known races. Another

neg: Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is an assembly constituency in Samastipur district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 133 Warisnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Samastipur municipality, Samastipur community development block; and Shahpur Baghauni, Bherokhara, Tajpur, Adharpur and Baghi gram panchayats of Tajpur CD Block. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Samastipur will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 23 Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency). In the 2010 state

neg: Smartmatic Venezuela, taking care of the telecommunications infrastructure.) After the presidential recall referendum of 2004 in Venezuela, some controversy was raised about the use of electronic voting (SAES voting machines) in that country. The legal basis for this process of automation is found in Article 33(42) of the LOPE (2002), and in Article 154 of the LOSPP (1988). Studies following the 2004 Venezuela recall elections found that Smartmatic's network was "bi-directional" with data being able to be transferred both ways between Smartmatic devices and the state-run telecommunications company CANTV, with irregularities found between the Smartmatic and Venezuela's National Electoral Council election

neg: Electronic voting in the Republic of Ireland of the Environment disagreed with many of these findings, saying the machines were secure and that the presence of voting officials prevents tampering. Socialist Party TD Joe Higgins said electronic voting should be abandoned, and he claimed, a lack of transparency and the new system could be open to "radical manipulation." Following the 2002 trial of the machines, in 2004 the government undertook plans to introduce a nationwide electronic voting system for the local and European Parliament elections. The proposed change was under the supervision of then Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government Martin Cullen. In March 2004

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail voter intent if the machine has been corrupted or suffered malfunction. A fundamental hurdle in the implementation of paper audit trails is the performance and authority of the audit. Paper audit systems increase the cost of electronic voting systems, can be difficult to implement, often require specialized external hardware, and can be difficult to use. In the United States, 27 states require a paper audit trail by statute or regulation for all direct recording electronic voting machines used in public elections. Another 18 states do not require them but use them either statewide or in local jurisdictions. Five US states

neg: Van Eck phreaking built-into its casing, in combination with a remote transmitter/receiver. This allows for quick installation and removal of a spying device by simply switching the battery. Van Eck phreaking might also be used to compromise the secrecy of the votes in an election using electronic voting. This caused the Dutch government to ban the use of NewVote computer voting machines manufactured by SDU in the 2006 national elections, under the belief that ballot information might not be kept secret. In a 2009 test of electronic voting systems in Brazil, Van Eck phreaking was used to successfully compromise ballot secrecy as a

neg: 2015 Argentine general election for different provinces to use different systems. In Buenos Aires and Salta electronic voting machines were used to print out a single unified ballot, with voters able to select different candidates and parties on a touch screen. Other municipalities such as Bariloche opted for a non-electronic single unified ballot. Opposition candidates, including Sergio Massa, Mauricio Macri and Margarita Stolbizer called for the nationwide implementation of a unified ballot and/or electronic voting, though Massa in particular was more cautious, saying it was more realistic for such a system to be implemented by 2017. The authority in charge of regulating elections rejected

neg: Barbara Boxer for every vote cast in electronic voting machines and ensure access to voter verification for all citizens. The bill mandates that this ballot be the official ballot for purposes of a recount. The bill sets a uniform standard for provisional ballots and requires the Federal Election Assistance Commission to issue standards that ensure uniform access to voting machines and trained election personnel in every community. The bill also mandated improved security measures for electronic voting machines. The bill did not pass. Boxer opposed the nuclear energy deal between the United States and India. Boxer is of the opinion that India

neg: Stealing America: Vote by Vote Stealing America: Vote by Vote Stealing America: Vote by Vote is a 2008 documentary film directed by filmmaker, Dorothy Fadiman, which examines the state of election manipulation in the United States. The film focuses on voter disfranchisement, the use of electronic voting machines, and voting anomalies such as uncounted ballots, inaccurate final vote tallies, and vote-switching. The film is narrated by Peter Coyote and features film clips and interviews, including those from Greg Palast, Brad Friedman, Ion Sancho, Pete McCloskey, Paul Craig Roberts, Harvey Wasserman, Bob Hagan, Charles Traylor, Bob Fitrakis, Charles Lewis, Avi Rubin, John Zogby, Clint Curtis, and

neg: Electronic voting notion that people cannot trust any programming they did not author. Critics of electronic voting, including security analyst Bruce Schneier, note that "computer security experts are unanimous on what to do (some voting experts disagree, but it is the computer security experts who need to be listened to; the problems here are with the computer, not with the fact that the computer is being used in a voting application)... DRE machines must have a voter-verifiable paper audit trails... Software used on DRE machines must be open to public scrutiny" to ensure the accuracy of the voting system. Verifiable ballots are

neg: 2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election 2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election of 2008 took place in a single phase on 3 March 2008 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from each of the 60 Assembly Constituencies (ACs) in Meghalaya, India. Counting of votes happened on 7 March 2008 and because of the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in this election, the results were ready within the day. The ruling coalition Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (MDA) had broken apart in the lead-up to this election, forcing the main partner Indian National Congress (INC) to take on their erstwhile partners

neg: Kurt S. Browning the "Fair Districts" Amendments 5 and 6. He was re-appointed Secretary of State by Governor Rick Scott in January 2011. During his two stints as secretary, Browning oversaw the state's defense of several lawsuits challenging Florida's voting laws. He also oversaw the transition from using touchscreen voting machines to paper optical scan machines, even though as Supervisor of Elections he was a strong advocate of touchscreen technology. Responsible for the Division of Corporations, which manages corporate filings, Browning eliminated paper records and instituted electronic filing for businesses, including a searchable public website. Browning announced his resignation as Secretary of State

neg: 2012 Mongolian legislative election stations were open from 7:00 to 20:00. Voting took place using electronic voting machines (EVMs) for the first time. The voting machines were set up by the Canadian company Dominion Voting Systems to report results immediately to the General Election Committee rather than any kind of tabulation by the local election officials. Of the 1,833,000 eligible voters, 65% turned out to vote. There were 544 candidates, of which 174 were women. Upon voting, President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj said "Today, we Mongolians face an important time to make a historic choice to address Mongolia's development and democracy." The Election Commission ordered by-elections

neg: Sequoia Voting Systems its roots in a number of voting machine companies founded in the 1890s, but by the 1980s, most of its business was in other fields. Nonetheless, in the late 1950s, AVM had begun investing in the development of electronic voting machines. By the time Sequoia bought the AVM voting business, the AVM Automatic Voting Computer (AVC) was ready for market. Under Sequoia ownership, the AVC was certified for use in several states in 1986 and 1987, and with sleek new packaging, it went to market as the Sequoia AVC Advantage DRE voting machine in 1990. Business Week considered the AVC

neg: Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Purnia district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 62. Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Purnia East community development block including Purnia East nagar parishad. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Purnia will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 12 Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency). Rajkishore Kesri, the sitting MLA of Purnia, was stabbed to death on 4

neg: Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) defeated Kamal Deo Narayan Sinha of Congress in 1977. Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Purnia district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 62. Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Purnia East community development block including Purnia East nagar parishad. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Purnia will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 12 Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency). Rajkishore Kesri, the sitting

neg: Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 54 Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Kishanganj municipality; Motihara Toluka, Singhia Kulamani, Halamala, Taisa gram panchayats of Kishnaganj community development block; and Pothia CD Block. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Kishanganj will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Kishanganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 10 Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency). In the November 2010

neg: Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in 1980 and Raghunath Gupta of Janata Party in 1977. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Purvi Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Motihari will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 19. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Motihari community development block including Motihari nagar parishad and Lautnaha notified area and Piprakothi CD block. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 3.

neg: Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Purvi Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Motihari will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 19. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Motihari community development block including Motihari nagar parishad and Lautnaha notified area and Piprakothi CD block. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 3. Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency). It was earlier part of

neg: Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Paschim Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Bettiah will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 8. Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Bettiah community development block; and Mohaddipur, Majhaulia, Parsa, Bahuarawa, Gudara, Jaukatia, Bakharia, Rulahi, Rajabhar, Karamawa, Lal Saraiya, Ramnagar Bankat, Amawa Majhar, Majharia Sheikh, Ahawar Kuria, Madhopur, Senuwaria and Bishambharpur gram panchayats of Majhaulia CD