query: what is the meaning of the word ratchet

pos: Ratchet (slang) Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in its original sense referred to an uncouth woman, and is a Louisianan regiolect version of the word "wretched". The term has since been extended to have broader meanings and connotations and is no longer strictly bound by race or gender. The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities. It has been used similarly as the word "ghetto". "Ratchet" can be used as an adjective, noun, or verb. The word has evolved to have many different meanings, and it can have either a positive or negative

pos: Ratchet (slang) bout it, etc." Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in its original sense referred to an uncouth woman, and is a Louisianan regiolect version of the word "wretched". The term has since been extended to have broader meanings and connotations and is no longer strictly bound by race or gender. The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities. It has been used similarly as the word "ghetto". "Ratchet" can be used as an adjective, noun, or verb. The word has evolved to have many different meanings, and it can have either a

pos: Ratchet (slang) Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in its original sense referred to an uncouth woman, and is a Louisianan regiolect version of the word "wretched". The term has since been extended to have broader meanings and connotations and is no longer strictly bound by race or gender. The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities. It has been used similarly as the word "ghetto". "Ratchet" can be used as an adjective, noun, or verb. The word has evolved to have many different meanings, and it can have either a positive or negative

pos: Ratchet (slang) appropriating ratchet culture. The term and concept of ratchet was displayed in the 2013 Youtube video by Emmanuel and Phillip Hudson, "Ratchet Girl Anthem- SHE RACHEEET!". The word ratchet first appeared in publication in 1999, with the song "Do the Ratchet" by Anthony Mandigo from Shreveport, Louisiana. Mandigo reportedly learned the term from his grandmother. In 2004, a new version of the song was recorded. The producer of the song named Earl Williams, also known as Phunk Dawg, wrote the definition in the CD liner notes: "n., pron., v, adv., 1. To be ghetto, real, gutter, nasty. 2. It's whatever,

pos: Stoned Soul Picnic (song) vibraphonist Roy Ayers. The word "surry", used frequently in the lyric (e.g. "Surry down to a stoned soul picnic"), is a neologism by Nyro; its meaning is unclear. The verb "surry" is spelled differently from the noun "surrey" (an old-time carriage). When asked by producer Charlie Calello what the word meant, Nyro told him, "Oh, it's just a nice word." One possible meaning is that surry is a shortening of "let's hurry." Crystal Waters sampled the song on her single "Ghetto Day" from her 1994 album "Storyteller". The British pop group Swing Out Sister included it on their 1997 album,

neg: Ratchet (slang) connotation. Some African-American women have reappropriated the word and embraced the meaning, whereas others point to how the term reinforces the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media. Numerous music artists have referred to the term "ratchet" in their songs. In November 2012, LL Cool J released a single called "Ratchet". In December 2012, Beyoncé posted a picture of herself wearing earrings that contained the word "ratchet" in it. Juicy J, Lil Debbie, Cam'ron, Future, and Lil' Boosie are some other artists who have also used the term in their music. Miley Cyrus had been criticized by some as

neg: Loppers compound lever system which increases the force applied to the blades, or a ratchet drive. The word "lopper" can be used in the singular or the plural, with precisely the same meaning. The plural form, most common in speech but less so in print, is a plurale tantum, and seems to be on the model of a "pair of scissors". The name of the tool is derived from the verb "to lop", meaning to cut off (especially branches or twigs), which in turn is related to a noun of precisely the same form: a "lop" is a period or session

neg: Ratchet effect Ratchet effect A ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once a specific thing has happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the spring tight as a clock is wound up. It is related to the phenomena of featuritis and scope creep in the manufacture of various consumer goods, and of mission creep in military planning. In sociology, "Ratchet effects refer to the tendency for central controllers to base next year's targets on last year's performance, meaning that managers who expect still to be in place in the next target period

neg: Ratchet effect "locked in" so they could not be rescinded or nullified over time. Ratchet effect A ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once a specific thing has happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the spring tight as a clock is wound up. It is related to the phenomena of featuritis and scope creep in the manufacture of various consumer goods, and of mission creep in military planning. In sociology, "Ratchet effects refer to the tendency for central controllers to base next year's targets on last year's performance, meaning that managers

neg: Ratchet (device) the high friction surface, this mechanism can result in significantly reduced backlash. Ratchet mechanisms are used in a wide variety of applications, including these: Ratchet (device) A ratchet is a mechanical device that allows continuous linear or rotary motion in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Ratchets are widely used in machinery and tools. The word "ratchet" is also used informally to refer to a ratcheting socket wrench. A rachet consists of a round gear or a linear rack with teeth, and a pivoting, spring-loaded finger called a "pawl" (or "click", in clocks and watches) that

neg: Ratchet (instrument) of the Megillah. Because Haman persecuted the Jews, the noise is supposed to symbolically drown out his name (although every word of the Megillah, including Haman's name, must be heard clearly; therefore, the words are often repeated after the sounding of the gragger). The gragger was developed to help make noise during the reading. Ratchet (instrument) A ratchet, also called a noisemaker or Knarre (German) (or, when used in Judaism, a gragger or grogger (etymologically from ), raganella or ra'ashan ()), is an orchestral musical instrument played by percussionists. Operating on the principle of the ratchet device, a gearwheel and

neg: Ratchet (device) Ratchet (device) A ratchet is a mechanical device that allows continuous linear or rotary motion in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Ratchets are widely used in machinery and tools. The word "ratchet" is also used informally to refer to a ratcheting socket wrench. A rachet consists of a round gear or a linear rack with teeth, and a pivoting, spring-loaded finger called a "pawl" (or "click", in clocks and watches) that engages the teeth. The teeth are uniform but asymmetrical, with each tooth having a moderate slope on one edge and a much steeper slope

neg: Justinas Pranaitis the questions asked by [Beilis'] lawyer". Rebekah Marks Costin's account in Robert Garber's "Jews on Trial" quotes the key exchange of the trial which served to destroy Pranaitis' credibility: Q: What is the meaning of the word "Hullin" [animals permissible as food]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word "Erubin" [Sabbath walking limits]?A: I don't know.Q: What is the meaning of the word "Yebamot" [family relationships]?A: I don't know.Q: When did "Baba Batra" live and what was her activity?A: I don't know. The last question "was fatal once it was tactfully explained to the jury. Baba Batra

neg: Predacon abandon him to help Shockwave pinned down by Ultra Magnus and retrieve the component which they seek for the Omega Lock. When Ratchet is captured by the Decepticons to assist for their project Predaking wants to destroy him but Megatron tells him of Ratchet's importance in the restoration of Cybertron (because of his synthetic energon formula) and promises that Predaking will have him afterward. In "Synthesis", Megatron, being true to his word, hands Ratchet over to Predaking who tosses Ratchet all over the top of the ship but stops when Ratchet reveals the truth about the destruction of the Predacons.

neg: Brownian ratchet the ratchet in a backwards direction. Feynman demonstrated that if the temperature formula_2 of the ratchet and pawl is the same as the temperature formula_1 of the paddle, then the failure rate must equal the rate at which the ratchet ratchets forward, so that no net motion results over long enough periods or in an ensemble averaged sense. A simple but rigorous proof that no net motion occurs no matter what shape the teeth are was given by Magnasco. If, on the other hand, formula_2 is smaller than formula_1, the ratchet will indeed move forward, and produce useful work. In

neg: Muller's ratchet Muller discussed the advantages of sexual reproduction in his 1932 talk, it does not contain the word "ratchet". Muller first introduced the term "ratchet" in his 1964 paper, and the phrase "Muller's ratchet" was coined by Joe Felsenstein in his 1974 paper, "The Evolutionary Advantage of Recombination". Asexual reproduction compels genomes to be inherited as indivisible blocks so that once the least mutated genomes in an asexual population begin to carry at least one deleterious mutation, no genomes with fewer such mutations can be expected to be found in future generations (except as a result of back mutation). This results

neg: Ratchet & Clank (film) hurt his Rangers. As the Rangers assault the Deplanetizer, Drek forces Qwark to deactivate the Rangers' weapons. Seeing an opportunity, Victor boards the Rangers' flagship and attacks Clank, who subdues him by using a rainstorm-producing weapon and causing him to rust. Ratchet manages to board the station, but Drek captures him. Ratchet notices Qwark standing by and realizes his treachery, and the Rangers can only watch as Novalis is destroyed. Appalled at Drek going back on his word, Qwark goes to confront him, but Nefarious also appears and chides him for selling out the Rangers. Qwark is surprised at Nefarious'

neg: Ratchet (Transformers) after "Energon" Roadblock, but with a new head mold and sea foam green in color (similar hospital scrubs). Ratchet is one of the main group of Autobots in the 2010 computer animated series "". His robotic appearance and attitude is similar to his Transformers Animated character. This emergency medical truck is the Autobots' medic. Ratchet fixes limbs and gears, and he works to make do with less and less Energon. He knows Optimus Prime best, but he doesn't want the Autobots risking their necks to protect humans, or bringing them into the secret base. Deep down, though, Ratchet admires what

neg: Katzenbach v. Morgan passed constitutional muster. Section 4(e) arguably expanded rights beyond what the Court had recognized in "Lassiter", but Brennan ruled that Section 4(e) was appropriate. In doing so, he has often been credited with introducing the "ratchet theory" for congressional legislation enacted under Section 5. It held that Congress could ratchet up civil rights beyond what the Court had recognized, but Congress could not ratchet down judicially recognized rights. The "ratchet theory" essentially set judicially recognized rights as a support on which Congress could expand if it so chose. According to the theory, Brennan's opinion allowed for multiple interpreters of the

neg: Onomatopoeia like gold, chrome or precious stones. In Japanese, "kirakira" is used for glittery things. A key component of language is its arbitrariness and what a word can represent, as a word is a sound created by humans with attached meaning to said sound. No one can determine the meaning of a word purely by how it sounds. However, in onomatopoeic words, these sounds are much less arbitrary; they are connected in their imitation of other objects or sounds in nature. Vocal sounds in the imitation of natural sounds doesn't necessarily gain meaning, but can gain symbolic meaning. An example of

neg: Scientology terminology in non-Scientology contexts as well, such as in social or office situations. This can actually wreak havoc for a member of the public hears the word "communication" coming from a Scientologist and he thinks he understands what "communication" means but the word "communication" in Scientology is a highly "technical" term which has very little to do with what is generally considered communication. "Communication" is not the only word that has a special meaning in Scientology but it is the most important one. There are other words such as "technology", "administration", "logic", "ethics", "control", etc. that have a specially unique meaning

neg: Word as slang in formal contexts, misnomers due to them not meaning what they would imply or polysemous words due to the potential confusion of its multiple senses. Word In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning. This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: "oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect"), or several ("rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected"), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand

neg: Funan in the modern languages of the region as "Vnom" (Khmer) or "Nokor Phnom" (Khmer), (Funan) (Thai), and (Vietnamese), however, the name "Funan" is not found in any texts of local origin from the period, and it is not known what name the people of Funan gave to their polity. Some scholars argued that ancient Chinese scholars transcribed the word "Funan" from a word related to the Khmer word bnaṃ or vnaṃ (modern: phnoṃ, meaning "mountain"), others however thought that "Funan" may not be a transcription at all- rather it meant what it says in Chinese, meaning something like "Pacified South".

neg: Queer (Thompson Twins album) a powerful word. And yet it still shocks me how people get so uptight over it. There's an obsession with what is normal and what isn't. Sitwell and our song say, "The hell with what you think is right." Queer is not a gay word. It's a political word, a word people use to call someone who isn't normal. I am trying to say that it's a word about freedom. It should not be a pejorative." The album attempted to be a departure from what Bailey described as "safe pop music". For the "Advocate", Bailey described the meaning of the

neg: Maximo vs. Army of Zin faster than Maximo. However, the time spent in this form is limited but can be extended through upgrades. Maximo also receives bonuses from villagers that he saves from enemies in the game, and these rewards are anything from new armour to a word of advice. The game received "favorable" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. "The Times" gave it a score of four stars out of five, saying that it "has pace, style and replayability; and if it is not quite as inventive as "Ratchet & Clank", what is?" "The Village Voice" similarly gave it a score of

neg: Indonesian slang what gitu loh!"", meaning "who cares?!" or quite simply "so what!" with added emphasis from the phrase ""gitu loh"". ""Gitu"" is an abbreviated form of the Indonesian word ""begitu"" meaning "like that/ such as", while ""loh"" (also spelt "lho") is a particle commonly used in slang or conversational Indonesian to show surprise or instigate a warning. In these cases of combined, interlingual phrases, the original spelling (and quite often the pronunciation) of the foreign word(s) are retained. Hence, the English component of the Indonesian slang phrase ""so what gitu loh!"" remains relatively unchanged as far as spelling and pronunciation are

neg: Operator grammar terms of the words it can take as arguments, or of which it can be an argument. Each word has a unique set of words with which it has been observed to occur called its selection. The coherent selection of a word is the set of words for which the dependency relation has above average likelihood. Words that are similar in meaning have similar coherent selection. This approach to meaning is self-organizing in that no external system is necessary to define what words mean. Instead, the meaning of the word is determined by its usage within a population of speakers.

neg: Word and Object behavior from the native and the visible environment the native interacts with. The same view is displayed in chapter 3 where Quine describes how a baby learns its first words. In this chapter Quine also mentions B.F. Skinner, a well known behaviorist, as one of his influences. In the second chapter of "Word and Object", Quine investigates the concept of meaning. He shows to what extent his own, empirical, notion of meaning can give an account for our intuitive concept of meaning: 'what a sentence shares with its translation'. Quine also introduces his famous principle of "indeterminacy of translation", with

neg: Fast mapping cross-situational learning or by another method, "Propose but verify". In cross-situational learning, listeners hear a novel word and store multiple conjectures of what the word could mean based on its situational context. Then after multiple exposures the listener is able to target the meaning of the word by ruling out conjectures. In propose but verify, the learner makes a single conjecture about the meaning of the word after hearing the word used in context. The learner then carries that conjecture forward to be reevaluated and modified for consistency when the word is used again. The results of the experiment seems

neg: Paul Grice intact. Grice next turns to the second step in his program: explaining the notion of timeless meaning in terms of the notion of utterer's meaning. He does so very tentatively with the following definition: x means (timeless) that so-and-so" might as a first shot be equated with some statement or disjunction of statements about what "people" (vague) intend (with qualifications about "recognition") to effect by x. The basic idea here is that the meaning of a word or sentence results from a regularity in what speakers use the word or sentence to mean. Grice would give a much more detailed

neg: Latin word order based, and establishing what nuances of meaning or emphasis could be obtained by using different word orders. Two major recent works on Latin word order, based on different approaches, are those of Devine and Stephens (2006) and Olga Spevak (2010). It is generally agreed that pragmatic factors play a major role in Latin word order, that is, factors such as topic and focus, contrast, emphasis, and heaviness. The topic (what is being talked about) often tends to come at the beginning of the sentence, and the focus (what is said about the topic) at the end or in penultimate position.

neg: Beryl "Ésmeraude" and Medieval Latin "Esmaraldus", from Latin "smaragdus", from Greek σμάραγδος "smaragdos" meaning ‘green gem’, from Hebrew ברקת "bareket" (one of the twelve stones in the Hoshen pectoral pendant of the Kohen HaGadol), meaning ‘lightning flash’, referring to ‘emerald’, relating to Akkadian "baraqtu", meaning ‘emerald’, and possibly relating to the Sanskrit word मरकत "marakata", meaning ‘green’. The Semitic word אזמרגד "izmargad", meaning ‘emerald’, is a back-loan, deriving from Greek smaragdos. Emeralds in antiquity were mined by the Egyptians and in what is now Austria, as well as Swat in contemporary Pakistan. A rare type of emerald known as a trapiche

neg: William Rehnquist the Equal Protection Clause) in a number of cases. "Boerne" held that any statute that Congress enacted to enforce the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment (including the Equal Protection Clause) had to show "a congruence and proportionality between the injury to be prevented or remedied and the means adopted to that end". The Rehnquist Court's congruence and proportionality theory replaced the "ratchet" theory that had arguably been advanced in "Katzenbach v. Morgan" (1966). According to the "ratchet" theory, Congress could "ratchet up" civil rights beyond what the Court had recognized, but Congress could not "ratchet down" judicially recognized rights. According

neg: States' rights are not directly related to commerce. "Seminole" reinforced the "sovereign immunity of states" doctrine, which makes it difficult to sue states for many things, especially civil rights violations. The "Flores" "congruence and proportionality" requirement prevents Congress from going too far in requiring states to comply with the Equal Protection Clause, which replaced the ratchet theory advanced in "Katzenbach v. Morgan" (1966). The ratchet theory held that Congress could ratchet up civil rights beyond what the Court had recognized, but that Congress could not ratchet down judicially recognized rights. An important precedent for "Morrison" was "United States v. Harris" (1883), which

neg: Commutative property 18th and early 19th centuries, when mathematicians began to work on a theory of functions. Today the commutative property is a well-known and basic property used in most branches of mathematics. The first recorded use of the term "commutative" was in a memoir by François Servois in 1814, which used the word "commutatives" when describing functions that have what is now called the commutative property. The word is a combination of the French word "commuter" meaning "to substitute or switch" and the suffix "-ative" meaning "tending to" so the word literally means "tending to substitute or switch." The term then

neg: Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Quodrona. After Ratchet kills dozens of clones, Otto reveals that what Luna told them was a "(cheesy story)", and his real plan is to steal the intelligence of every being in the galaxy, using a special machine that transfers the intelligences from one being to another. Qwark, persuaded by Otto, thinks Otto is his father and temporarily fights on his side. Ratchet and Clank eventually defeat him after a long and hard battle. After beating Otto, they learn from Skrunch that Qwark's real parents were killed by defective equipment made by the Technomites. Qwark tries to use Otto's machine to

neg: Antofagasta being a toponymy meaning ""Pueblo del Salar Grande"" (""Town of the great salt lake""). According to other theories, it may be a compound word from the "Quechua" word ""anta"" (meaning ""cobre"" –"copper"-) and ""Pakay"" (meaning ""esconder"" –"hidden"-), being a toponymy meaning ""Escondrijo del Cobre"" (""Copper Cache""); it could also be related to the Chango language, ""Antofagasti"" (meaning ""Puerta del Sol""- "Sun Gate"-), what the changos called the current natural monument "La Portada". However, it says the name Antofagasta is due to a decision by Manuel Mariano Melgarejo, who renamed the city in honor of a stay that he had in

neg: Ælfric of Eynsham still acceptable for Christians. In his preface, Ælfric employs the same writing techniques that King Alfred used in his preface to a translation of the Cura Pastoralis. Also notable is that in his translation of Genesis Ælfric did not just translate it word for word from the Latin, which was common due to the belief that the word order of sacred Scripture was itself sacred. Rather, he translated much of it by its meaning; he recognized that the meaning of what the Bible said was the most important thing to be conveyed, not the word order. There is no certain

neg: Kawanatanga treaty would never had been signed. The first part of the word, "Kāwana", is a transliteration into Māori of the English word "governor". The suffix "-tanga" is very similar in meaning and use to the English suffix "-ship", for example "rangatiratanga" (chieftainship) and "kīngitanga" (kingship). So a literal translation of the word would be "governorship". From an idiomatic perspective, this word had little meaning to the chiefs signing the treaty, since the concept of being governed by an overseeing authority was alien to Māori. What understanding Maori may have had of the term was derived principally from the Bible and

neg: The New Church (Swedenborgian) God is contained in the Bible, which has a symbolic spiritual meaning hidden in its literal sense. Swedenborg's visions primarily explain how and why the Bible is divinely inspired, and it is methodically delineated word by word in his massive multi-volume work, the Arcana Coelestia (meaning "Heavenly Secrets"). The symbolic language, where each passage follows the other in a coherent logical series, is what Swedenborg called "correspondences." This inner meaning was kept hidden, and could only have been discovered through revelation, which was made available when mankind was ready to receive it. It is this hidden inner meaning that separates

neg: Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus hours. Yeah, it’s pretty short, but those are some good five hours that’ll remind you of why you fell in love with Ratchet and Clank in the first place. Its $30 / £20 price tag makes it a great incentive to pick it up, and it delivers what you’d expect from the series. "Nexus" may not be the most conclusive of the "Ratchet and Clank" titles, but it is a (mostly) charming sendoff to years of PS3 gaming." Saldana mostly commended the "fun" gameplay and humour, but disliked the abrupt ending and the Clank side-scrolling sections. In his review for

neg: Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time to fulfill his purpose. Furious that Ratchet no longer wants to do what he wants of him, Alister murders him in cold blood and races to the Orvus Chamber, but is locked out by Clank. Breaking every single rule that he was told to follow, Clank reverses time just six minutes before Ratchet's death, saving his life in the process. Alister eventually manages to reach the chamber and pulls the time-controlling lever backwards despite the efforts of Sigmund to stop him. After a brutal fight, Ratchet injures Alister and inadvertently breaks off the lever while trying to place it back

neg: Yerba mate plant in Guaraní, language of the indigenous people who first cultivated and enjoyed mate, is , which has the same meaning as "herb". , in Portuguese, is derived from the Tupi expression, meaning something like "what keeps us alive", but a term rarely used nowadays. "Mate" is from the Quechua , a word that means container for a drink, infusion of an herb, as well as gourd. The word "mate" is used in both modern Portuguese and Spanish languages. The pronunciation of in Spanish is . The accent on the word "mate" is on the first syllable, not the second.

neg: Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein rejects a variety of ways of thinking about what the meaning of a word is, or how meanings can be identified. He shows how, in each case, the "meaning" of the word presupposes our ability to use it. He first asks the reader to perform a thought experiment: to come up with a definition of the word "game". While this may at first seem a simple task, he then goes on to lead us through the problems with each of the possible definitions of the word "game". Any definition that focuses on amusement leaves us unsatisfied since the feelings

neg: Epistemology to the regress problem is known as "infinitism". Infinitists take the infinite series to be merely potential, in the sense that an individual may have indefinitely many reasons available to them, without having consciously thought through all of these reasons when the need arises. This position is motivated in part by the desire to avoid what is seen as the arbitrariness and circularity of its chief competitors, foundationalism and coherentism. The word "epistemology" is derived from the ancient Greek "epistēmē" meaning "knowledge" and the suffix "-logy", meaning "logical discourse" (derived from the Greek word "logos" meaning "discourse"). It is analogue

neg: Semantic feature part of a semantic domain of male family relations. They differ in terms of 'generation' and 'adulthood', which is what gives each its individual meaning. The analysis of semantic features is utilized in the field of linguistic semantics, more specifically the subfields of lexical semantics, and lexicology. One aim of these subfields is to explain the meaning of a word in terms of their relationships with other words. In order to accomplish this aim, one approach is to analyze the internal semantic structure of a word as composed of a number of distinct and minimal components of meaning. This approach

neg: Semasiology Semasiology Semasiology (from , "", "signification") is a discipline of linguistics concerned with the question "what does the word "X" mean?". It studies the meaning of words regardless how they are pronounced. It is the opposite of onomasiology, a branch of lexicology that starts with a concept or object and asks for its name, i.e., "how do you express X?" whereas semasiology starts with a word and asks for its meanings. The exact meaning of semasiology is somewhat obscure. It is often used as a synonym of semantics (the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and longer forms of

neg: Symbol grounding problem inside an entity (e.g., oneself) that can use the word and pick out its referent, then the word's wide meaning consists of both the means that that entity uses to pick out its referent, and the referent itself: a wide causal nexus between (1) a head, (2) a word inside it, (3) an object outside it, and (4) whatever "processing" is required in order to successfully connect the inner word to the outer object. But what if the "entity" in which a word is located is not a head but a piece of paper (or a computer screen)? What is

neg: Anglesey Abbey Amazon (£10.99). The name "Anglesey" is not a reference to the Welsh island known as Anglesey in English, although the two names do have some etymology in common. Anglesey Priory was built on what was, before improvements in the drainage of the area, an island. In both place names, as in many other place names in Britain, the final "-ey" is from a Germanic word meaning 'isle'. In the case of the Welsh island, "Angle-" is from an Old Norse word "ǫngull", which is either a personal name, or a word meaning 'angle' or 'corner'. In the case of the

neg: Asor the Septuagint, the word being derived from a root signifying "ten", the Greek is "ἐν δεκαχορδῷ" or "ψαλτήριον δεκάχορδον", in the Vulgate "in decachordo psalterio". Each time the word asor is used it follows the word "nebel", and probably merely indicates a variant of the nebel, having ten strings instead of the customary twelve assigned to it by Josephus. Asor The asor ( "ʿasor"; from עשר "eśer", meaning "ten") was a musical instrument "of ten strings" mentioned in the Bible. There is little agreement on what sort of instrument it was or to what instruments it had similarities. The word

neg: Solomon Asch Similarly, "quick" of set 2 was perceived to be most similar in meaning to "slow" of set 4. Asch reached the following conclusions based on this experiment: 1)The meaning of a characteristic changes based on a change in the "environment" it's in. Thus, the meanings of the words "quick" and "slow" change based on what other words it is presented with or associated with in real life. The meaning of the word "quick" in set 1 is associated more with "one of assurance, of smoothness of movement" while in set 2 the word is associated with "forced quickness, in an

neg: Meaning (philosophy of language) individual speaker in a particular context wants to refer to. The word "dog" is an example of a meaning, but pointing at a nearby dog and shouting "This dog smells foul!" is an example of usage. From this distinction between usage and meaning arose the divide between the fields of Pragmatics and Semantics. Yet another distinction is of some utility in discussing language: "mentioning". "Mention" is when an expression refers to itself as a linguistic item, usually surrounded by quotation marks. For instance, in the expression "'Opopanax' is hard to spell", what is referred to is the word itself ("opopanax")

neg: Direct reference theory Direct reference theory A direct reference theory (also called referentialism or referential realism) is a theory of language that claims that the meaning of a word or expression lies in what it points out in the world. The object denoted by a word is called its referent. Criticisms of this position are often associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein. In the 19th century, mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege argued against it, and contrasted it with mediated reference theory. In 1953, with his "Philosophical Investigations", Wittgenstein argued against referentialism, famously saying that "the meaning of a word is its use." Direct reference theory

neg: Synthetic language morphemes always look the same no matter what word they are in, so it is easy to separate a word into its individual morphemes. Note that morphemes may be bound (that is, they must be attached to a word to have meaning, like affixes) or free (they can stand alone and still have meaning). Fusional languages are similar to agglutinating languages in that they involve the combination of many distinct morphemes. However, morphemes in fusional languages are often assigned several different lexical meanings, and they tend to be fused together so that it is difficult to separate individual morphemes from

neg: Plain meaning rule to guide courts faced with litigation that turns on the meaning of a term "not" defined by the statute, or on that of a word found within a definition itself. According to the plain meaning rule, absent a contrary definition within the statute, words must be given their plain, ordinary and literal meaning. If the words are clear, they must be applied, even though the intention of the legislator may have been different or the result is harsh or undesirable. The literal rule is what the law says instead of what the law was intended to say. Larry Solum, Professor

neg: Sentence word words "Wortsätze". One of the predominant questions concerning children and language acquisition deals with the relation between the perception and the production of a child's word usage. It is difficult to understand what a child understands about the words that they are using and what the desired outcome or goal of the utterance should be. Holophrases are defined as a "single-word utterance which is used by a child to express more than one meaning usually attributed to that single word by adults." The holophrastic hypothesis argues that children use single words to refer to different meanings in the same way

neg: Lexicology current approaches. Another branch of lexicology, together with lexicography is phraseology. It studies compound meanings of two or more words, as in "raining cats and dogs". Because the whole meaning of that phrase is much different from the meaning of words included alone, phraseology examines how and why such meanings come in everyday use, and what possibly are the laws governing these word combinations. Phraseology also investigates idioms. Since lexicology studies the meaning of words and their semantic relations, it often explores the origin and history of a word, i.e. its etymology. Etymologists analyse related languages using a technique known

neg: Vocabulary development not know the meaning of "rude", but can infer its meaning through social context and understanding the necessity of saying "please". Semantic support is the most obvious method of vocabulary development in school-age children. It involves giving direct verbal information of the meaning of a word. By the time children are in school, they are active participants in conversation, so they are very capable and willing to ask questions when they do not understand a word or concept. For example, a child might see a zebra for the first time and ask, "what is that?" and the parent might respond,

neg: Dennweiler-Frohnbach Remigiusberg Monastery. The name also appeared as "Fronenbach" (1457 and 1490). The word "fron" meant “belonging to the lord”. This word element still appears in German in "Frondienst" (compulsory labour, originally for a lord) and "Fronleichnam" (literally “dead body belonging to the Lord”, and thus meaning “Corpus Christi”); the word "Fron" by itself even still exists, although now it is a noun meaning “drudgery”. What the "Fron—" element may mean here is that the village might have first arisen as a lordly estate (another such estate arose in the 18th century, the Frohnbacher Hof). The placename ending "—bach" is German

neg: Eve V. Clark Convention is defined as a norm, a standard everyone must follow to ensure proper communication. This rule is followed in terms of language as well as general knowledge. Everyone uses the same word to relay the same meaning, and mostly in the same way. When hearing a language for the first time, a child must figure out the meaning of the word in relation to the words around it. The contrasting words give hints to what the unknown word represents. With more context and exposure, children are able to make the connection and learn their first language. If a child

neg: Compound (linguistics) shop. Tłįchǫ Yatiì/Dogrib: In Germanic languages (including English), compounds are formed by prepending what is effectively a namespace (disambiguation context) to the main word. For example, "football" would be a "ball" in the "foot" context. In itself, this does not alter the meaning of the main word. The added context only makes it more precise. As such, a "football" must be understood as a "ball". However, as is the case with "football", a well established compound word may have gained a special meaning in the language's vocabulary. Only this defines "football" as a particular type of ball (unambiguously the round

neg: Reference the word "John" refers to the person John. The word "it" refers to some previously specified object. The object referred to is called the "referent" of the word. Sometimes the word-object relation is called "denotation"; the word denotes the object. The converse relation, the relation from object to word, is called "exemplification"; the object exemplifies what the word denotes. In syntactic analysis, if a word refers to a previous word, the previous word is called the "antecedent". Gottlob Frege argued that reference cannot be treated as identical with meaning: "Hesperus" (an ancient Greek name for the evening star) and "Phosphorus"

neg: Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank) the sixteenth top character of the 2000s decade by "Game Informer"'s readers. Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank) Ratchet is one of the titular protagonist game characters of the "Ratchet & Clank" video game series. In the English versions of the games, Ratchet is voiced by Mikey Kelley in the first "Ratchet & Clank" and by James Arnold Taylor since. Ratchet is a Lombax, originally born on the Lombax homeworld of Planet Fastoon in the Polaris Galaxy but later sent to Planet Veldin in the Solana Galaxy by his father to protect him from Emperor Tachyon. Growing up on Veldin, Ratchet longed

neg: French philosophy the game. For Saussure, the essential unit of any language is the word, or sign. Like language, he divides the word into two inseparable parts: the signifier, which is the sound image, and the signified, which is the concept associated with the signifier. Saussure stressed the arbitrariness of this association, maintaining that any signifier can refer to any signified. How a sign obtains its meaning is by what it is not within the langue, not what it is. For example, the word ‘dog’ means dog simply because it does not mean cat, bird or cornflakes. It can already be seen

neg: Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank) Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank) Ratchet is one of the titular protagonist game characters of the "Ratchet & Clank" video game series. In the English versions of the games, Ratchet is voiced by Mikey Kelley in the first "Ratchet & Clank" and by James Arnold Taylor since. Ratchet is a Lombax, originally born on the Lombax homeworld of Planet Fastoon in the Polaris Galaxy but later sent to Planet Veldin in the Solana Galaxy by his father to protect him from Emperor Tachyon. Growing up on Veldin, Ratchet longed to travel to new worlds and even built his own ship. Shortly

neg: Language interpretation 'interpreter'. Expressions in Germanic, Scandinavian and Slavic languages denoting an interpreter can be traced back to Akkadian, around 1900 BCE. The Akkadian root "targumânu"/"turgumânu" also gave rise to the term dragoman via an etymological sideline from Arabic. The English word ‘interpreter’, however, is derived from Latin "interpres" (meaning ‘expounder’, ‘person explaining what is obscure’), whose semantic roots are not clear. Some scholars take the second part of the word to be derived from "partes" or "pretium" (meaning ‘price’, which fits the meaning of a ‘middleman’, ‘intermediary’ or ‘commercial go-between’), but others have suggested a Sanskrit root. In consecutive interpreting (CI),

neg: Pleonasm also dummy pronouns. Compare: The pleonastic (), expressing uncertainty in formal French, works as follows: Two more striking examples of French pleonastic construction are the word translated as 'today', but originally meaning "on the day of today", and the phrase meaning 'What's that?' or 'What is it?', while literally it means "What is it that it is?". There are examples of the pleonastic, or dummy, negative in English, such as the construction, heard in the New England region of the United States, in which the phrase "So don't I" is intended to have the same positive meaning as "So do

neg: Proactivity (or "pro-active") was limited to the domain of experimental psychology in the 1930s, and used with a different meaning. "Oxford English Dictionary" (OED) credits Paul Whiteley and Gerald Blankfort, citing their 1933 paper discussing proactive inhibition as the "impairment or retardation of learning or of the remembering of what is learned by effects that remain active from conditions prior to the learning". In another related meaning, the 1946 book "Man's Search for Meaning" brought the word to the wider public domain. The author, Austrian existential neuropsychiatrist Dr. Viktor Frankl, used the word to describe a person who took responsibility for

neg: Encyclopedia century has vastly expanded the accessibility, authorship, readership, and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias. The word "encyclopedia" comes from the Koine Greek , transliterated "enkyklios paideia", meaning "general education" from "enkyklios" (ἐγκύκλιος), meaning "circular, recurrent, required regularly, general" and "paideia" (παιδεία), meaning "education, rearing of a child"; together, the phrase literally translates as "complete instruction" or "complete knowledge". However, the two separate words were reduced to a single word due to a

neg: Culinology Culinology Culinology, according to Jeff Cousminer in "Food Product Design Magazine", is a term that was coined by the first president and founder of the Research Chefs Association, Winston Riley. The original meaning of the word was quite different from what it has come to mean today. Originally, the word was designed to be a combination of two words: "culinary" and "technology". So the first meaning of the word was the convergence of culinary arts and all technology, which includes communications, chemistry, physiology, economics and many others. There are accredited culinology educational programs offered by many institutions. The curriculums of

neg: Timiskaming Timiskaming Timiskaming is a word from the Algonquin "Temikami" or "Temikaming", from "tim" meaning "deep" and "kami" meaning "open waters". Alternate spellings include: Temiskaming, Témiscaming, Témiscamingue. The word Temagami comes from the same root. Controversy exists over the spelling of this word. A movement to change the spelling of the District of Timiskaming to Temiskaming (an e instead of an i) cites a typographical error by a government official, but the act of parliament that led to the name change granted this official authority to correct the spelling. What he considered to be a spelling correction, some people today call

neg: Ethics English word "ethics" is derived from the Ancient Greek word "ēthikós" (), meaning "relating to one's character", which itself comes from the root word "êthos" () meaning "character, moral nature". This was borrowed into Latin as "ethica" and then into French as "éthique", from which it was borrowed into English. Rushworth Kidder states that "standard definitions of "ethics" have typically included such phrases as 'the science of the ideal human character' or 'the science of moral duty'. Richard William Paul and Linda Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps

neg: Columbia School of Linguistics relies heavily on the dictum "one form - one meaning". For example, many linguists believe that the word "with" has several meanings, such as "instrumental": “cut with a knife,” "adversarial": “struggle with your enemies”, and even "partitive": “split with the organization,” among others. However, CSL linguists observe that what varies among these uses is not the meaning of "with" but the message of the phrase, due to the accompanying verbs and nouns. "Struggle" undoubtedly contributes to the adversarial message, but so does the word "enemies"; “struggle with your comrades” would likely eliminate the adversarial relationship. The little word "with" contributes

neg: Captain Qwark were rescued from prison. Qwark was still president during the events of "" but relinquished this role at an unknown point afterwards. , the now-retired Qwark joined forces with Ratchet and Clank to defeat one of his former fans, Stuart Zurgo. Qwark played a minor role in "" by towing Ratchet's ship Aphelion to Planet Yerek, and later by assisting Neftin Prog and Pollyx to repair the Lombax Dimensionator. In "", Qwark began following Ratchet and Clank to see what they were doing in hopes of joining them in their next adventure. Ratchet and Clank agreed to let Qwark use

neg: Ratchet (Transformers) Ratchet (Transformers) Ratchet is a fictional robot superhero character in the Transformers robot superhero franchise. According to the original creator of the Transformers names, Bob Budiansky, Ratchet was named after the character of Nurse Ratched from the film "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest". The name Ratchet is almost always portrayed as an Autobot physician and pacificist combat medic who turns into an ambulance. Ratchet is sometimes referred to by the trademarked names "Autobot Ratchet" or "Rescue Ratchet." Ratchet (Mécano in Québec, Racsni in Hungary, Храповик in Russia and Doc in Italy) is the chief medic of the Autobots in

neg: Teyolía and «alma» (soul), which have some reminiscences in current expressions among modern indigenous. The nahuatl word "teyolía" incorporates the prefix «te-» and the substantive «yolía». The particle «te-» is an indefinite pronominal prefix that indicates possession, so when it is placed before a noun it can be translated as «of somebody, of another, of the people, of some». The noun «yolía» contains the root «"yol"» meaning «life», consequently it can be translated as «"that what makes to live"». All together the word teyolía might be translated as «what makes to live the people». It is related etymologically with the word

neg: Fado the lists, the other being Cante Alentejano. The word "fado" possibly comes from the Latin word "fatum". The word is linked to the music genre itself, although both meanings are approximately the same in the two languages. Nevertheless, many songs play on the double meaning, such as the Amália Rodrigues song "Com que voz", which includes the lyric ""Com que voz chorarei meu triste fado"" ("With what voice should I lament my sad fate/sing my sad fado?"). The English-Latin term "vates", the Scandinavian "fata" ("to compose music") and the French name "fatiste" (also meaning "poet") have been associated with the

neg: Persuasive definition "prejudices." This account given by the spy shows how describing the referent based on a different hierarchy of values can modify emotive meaning. The value of trust is not denied, but is placed in a hierarchy where the highest worth is given to the State.Stevenson provides us with two definitions of the word culture in order to illustrate what a persuasive definition can accomplish: Both carry with them the positive emotive meaning of culture; it is still a good thing to be cultured no matter which definition is used. What they change is what exactly it means to be called

neg: Mirage (Transformers) saved by Ratchet. Unconscious, Mirage cerebro-shell was removed by Ratchet when he was investigateing him which set him free from Bombshell's control. Both Optimus Prime and Ratchet sum up as to why Mirage set them up with Cliffjumper listening in on what their saying which helped him realize that Mirage wasn't a traitor to the Autobots. Regaining consciousness, Mirage gets up to say that he never wanted to do anything against his Autobot friends then tried to explained why but they assured him that there's no reason to explain as they know the truth. After the battle was over Cliffjumper

neg: Word the literature) are construed as "bundles" of linguistic features that are united into a structure with form and meaning. For example, the word "koalas" has semantic features (it denotes real-world objects, koalas), category features (it is a noun), number features (it is plural and must agree with verbs, pronouns, and demonstratives in its domain), phonological features (it is pronounced a certain way), etc. The task of defining what constitutes a "word" involves determining where one word ends and another word begins—in other words, identifying word boundaries. There are several ways to determine where the word boundaries of spoken language should

neg: Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando (known as Ratchet & Clank 2: Locked and Loaded in Australia and most PAL countries, or just simply Ratchet & Clank 2) is a 2003 3D platform video game developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. "Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando" is the second game in the "Ratchet & Clank" franchise, following "Ratchet & Clank" and preceding "". David Kaye reprises his role as Clank while James Arnold Taylor replaces Mikey Kelley as Ratchet. The game follows Ratchet and Clank, joined by newcomer

neg: Persuasive definition evokes. Quasi-definitions consist in the modification of the emotive meaning of a word without altering the descriptive one. The speaker can quasi-define a word by qualifying the "definiendum" without setting forth what the term actually means. For instance, we can consider the following quasi-definition taken from Casanova's Fuga dai Piombi. In this example (1), the speaker, Mr. Soradaci, tries to convince his interlocutor (Casanova) that being a "sneak" is an honorable behavior: This quasi-definition employed in case 1 underscores a fundamental dimension of the "emotive" meaning of a word, namely its relationship with the shared values, which are attacked as

neg: Hilary Putnam its lakes, rivers and oceans are filled with XYZ whereas those of earth are filled with HO. Consequently, when an earthling, Fredrick, uses the Earth-English word "water", it has a different meaning from the Twin Earth-English word "water" when used by his physically identical twin, Frodrick, on Twin Earth. Since Fredrick and Frodrick are physically indistinguishable when they utter their respective words, and since their words have different meanings, meaning cannot be determined solely by what is in their heads. This led Putnam to adopt a version of semantic externalism with regard to meaning and mental content. The late philosopher

neg: Political positions of Hillary Clinton most, neither exclusively pro- nor anti-government." Clinton has stated that she prefers the term "progressive" to "liberal", explaining that "Unfortunately, in the last 30, 40 years, [the word ‘liberal’] has been turned up on its head and it's been made to seem as though it is a word that describes big government, totally contrary to what its meaning was in the 19th and early 20th century. I prefer the word ‘progressive,’ which has a real American meaning, going back to the Progressive Era at the beginning of the 20th century." Yale historian Beverly Gage claims this was due to the

neg: Proto-Human language roots, Lyle Campbell finds seven possible matches to their root for woman *"kuna" in Spanish, including "cónyuge" 'wife, spouse', "chica" 'girl', and "cana" 'old woman (adjective)'. He then goes on to show how what Bengtson and Ruhlen would identify as reflexes of *"kuna" cannot possibly be related to a proto-World word for woman. "Cónyuge", for example, comes from the Latin root meaning 'to join', so its origin had nothing to do with the word 'woman'; "chica" is a feminine adjective coming from a Latin noun meaning 'worthless object'; "cana" comes from the Latin word for 'white', and again shows a

neg: Paul Grice meaning later came to be called "intention-based semantics", because it attempts to explain non-natural meaning based on the idea of a speakers' intentions. To do this, Grice made two kinds of non-natural meaning: Utterer's meaning: What a speaker means by an utterance. (Grice wouldn't introduce this label until "Logic and Conversation." The more common label in contemporary work is "speaker meaning", though Grice didn't use that term.) Timeless meaning: The kind of meaning that can be possessed by a type of utterance, such as a word or a sentence. (This is often called "conventional meaning", although Grice didn't call it

neg: Pragmatic theory of truth what "true" "means". Russell's objection is that pragmatism mixes up an "indicator" of truth with the "meaning" of the predicate 'true'. There is a difference between the two and pragmatism confuses them. In this pragmatism is akin to Berkeley's view that to be is to be perceived, which similarly confuses an indication or proof of that something exists with the meaning of the word 'exists', or with what it is for something to exist. Other objections to pragmatism include how we define what it means to say a belief "works", or that it is "useful to believe". The vague usage

neg: Meaning (non-linguistic) Meaning (non-linguistic) A non-linguistic meaning is an actual or possible derivation from sentience, which is not associated with signs that have any original or primary intent of communication. It is a general term of art used to capture a number of different senses of the word "meaning", independently from its linguistic uses. The sense that sentient creatures have that the various objects of our universe are linked is commonly referred to as a person's sense of "meaning". This is the sense of meaning at work when asking a person when they leave a theater, "What did that movie mean to

neg: Kleos Kleos Kleos (Greek: κλέος) is the Greek word often translated to "renown", or "glory". It is related to the word "to hear" and carries the implied meaning of "what others hear about you". A Greek hero earns "kleos" through accomplishing great deeds. According to Gregory Nagy, besides the meaning of "glory", "kleos" can also be used as the medium (in this case, the ancient Greek poetry or song) which conveys glory. "Kleos" is invariably transferred from father to son; the son is responsible for carrying on and building upon the "glory" of the father. This is a reason for Penelope

neg: Synodontis dorsomaculatus Synodontis dorsomaculatus Synodontis dorsomaculatus is a species of upside-down catfish that is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it occurs in the Lukusi and upper Lualaba Rivers and the Upemba lakes. It was first described by Max Poll in 1971. The original specimens were obtained in Kadia, Kisale, Katanga, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The species name "dorsomaculatus" is derived from the word "dorso", meaning "back", and the word "maculatus", meaning "spotted", a reference to the dark round spots on the fish's back. Like all members of the genus "Synodontis", "S. dorsomaculatus"

neg: Kleos heroes in search of fame and immortal renown. Kleos Kleos (Greek: κλέος) is the Greek word often translated to "renown", or "glory". It is related to the word "to hear" and carries the implied meaning of "what others hear about you". A Greek hero earns "kleos" through accomplishing great deeds. According to Gregory Nagy, besides the meaning of "glory", "kleos" can also be used as the medium (in this case, the ancient Greek poetry or song) which conveys glory. "Kleos" is invariably transferred from father to son; the son is responsible for carrying on and building upon the "glory" of

neg: Shinto inanimate things have spirits or souls that are worshipped. The concept of animism in Shinto is no longer current, however. Shinto gods are collectively called , an expression literally meaning "eight million kami", but interpreted as meaning "myriad", although it can be translated as "many kami". There is a phonetic variation, "kamu", and a similar word in the Ainu language, "kamui". An analogous word is "mi-koto". "Kami" refers particularly to the power of phenomena that inspire a sense of wonder and awe in the beholder (the sacred), testifying to the divinity of such a phenomenon. It is comparable to what

neg: Vesara disagreements are very largely restricted to matters of nomenclature: whether the term is useful, and if so, what it should cover, in particular whether the Early as well as the Later Chalukya is included in "Vesara". There is general agreement about most aspects of the actual surviving buildings. Etymologically, the term vesara is believed by some to have been derived from the Sanskrit word "vishra" meaning an area to take a long walk. The quarters of Buddhist and Jain monks who left urban areas to live in cave temples were called viharas. Alternatively, it derives from a word meaning mule,

neg: Utopia (book) Epicureanism, Greenblatt contended that it was the minimum conditions for what the pious More would have considered as necessary to live a happy life. Another complication comes from the Greek meaning of the names of people and places in the work. Apart from Utopia, meaning "Noplace," several other lands are mentioned: "Achora" meaning "Nolandia", "Polyleritae" meaning "Muchnonsense", "Macarenses" meaning "Happiland," and the river "Anydrus" meaning "Nowater". Raphael's last name, Hythlodaeus means "dispenser of nonsense" surely implying that the whole of the Utopian text is 'nonsense'. Additionally the Latin rendering of More's name, Morus, is similar to the word for a

neg: Kleodora word Lithomancy comes from the Greek word Lithos, meaning stone, and manteia, meaning prophecy. The gemstones used had different properties based on what kind of stone they were. Some could be for temporal discoveries, while others could be medicinal remedies. In the reflection method of Divination, the stones were cast on a black sheet and looked at by candle light. The different colors of the reflections determined if the reading was good or bad, or even what it was about. Another method determined the future by where the stones landed in relation to a central candle. In this case, each

neg: Semantic decomposition (natural language processing) including semantics, pragmatics, knowledge and understanding or word sense. Each term describes a particular aspect of meaning, and contributes to a multitude of theories explaining what meaning is. These theories need to be analyzed further to develop an artificial notion of meaning best fit for our current state of knowledge. Representing meaning as a graph is one of the two ways that both an AI cognition and a linguistic researcher think about meaning (connectionist view). Logicians utilize a formal representation of meaning to build upon the idea of symbolic representation, whereas description logics describe languages and the meaning of symbols.

neg: Law "what is law?" has no simple answer. Glanville Williams said that the meaning of the word "law" depends on the context in which that word is used. He said that, for example, "early customary law" and "municipal law" were contexts where the word "law" had two different and irreconcilable meanings. Thurman Arnold said that it is obvious that it is impossible to define the word "law" and that it is also equally obvious that the struggle to define that word should not ever be abandoned. It is possible to take the view that there is no need to define the

neg: Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters its poor graphics, dull gameplay, and technical issues. Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters (known as Ratchet & Clank 5 in Japan) is a 2007 platformer video game developed by High Impact Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2. The game is the first "Ratchet & Clank" title on the PlayStation Portable and the fifth "Ratchet & Clank" game for the PlayStation 2. Development company High Impact Games was spawned from the original "Ratchet & Clank" developer, Insomniac Games. The story is about Ratchet and Clank as they are

neg: Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters (known as Ratchet & Clank 5 in Japan) is a 2007 platformer video game developed by High Impact Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2. The game is the first "Ratchet & Clank" title on the PlayStation Portable and the fifth "Ratchet & Clank" game for the PlayStation 2. Development company High Impact Games was spawned from the original "Ratchet & Clank" developer, Insomniac Games. The story is about Ratchet and Clank as they are interrupted from their vacation to search for a

neg: Panania was on the original list of stations proposed for the Tempe-East Hills railway line in 1929. Prior to this, Panania was part of what was generally known as the East Hills district. Panania is an Aboriginal word meaning "sun rising in the east and shining on the hills". An alternative theory is that the name may be a derivation of "Pannonia", which was an ancient province of the Roman Empire southeast of the Danube River. During the construction of the railway line the name Nioka was used for the station which is an Aboriginal word meaning "the green hill". Other

neg: Lexical semantics one word of a semantic field without understanding other related words. Take, for example, a taxonomy of plants and animals: it is possible to understand the words "rose" and "rabbit" without knowing what a "marigold" or a "muskrat" is. This is applicable to colors as well, such as understanding the word "red" without knowing the meaning of "scarlet," but understanding "scarlet" without knowing the meaning of "red" may be less likely. A semantic field can thus be very large or very small, depending on the level of contrast being made between lexical items. While cat and dog both fall under