query: what voltage comes out of a car cigarette lighter

pos: Cigarette lighter receptacle only as an optional extra-cost accessory. Usually, only one 12 V receptacle near the driver will be able to accommodate an actual cigarette lighter, with other receptacles designated as "12 V auxiliary power outlets" which are not physically able to power a lighter. The electrical cigar-lighter was invented and patented in the early 1880s by the German inventor . In the 1890s, these tools were sold as electrical cigar lighters ("Cigarrenanzünder"), and later as "Zigarrenanzünder" in the major German warehouse catalogues. Probably in the 1920s they were renamed "cigarette lighters", as cigarettes overtook cigars in sales. In 1921, the Morris

pos: Cigarette lighter receptacle devices, and small motorized tools such as air compressors for inflating tires. Many portable electronic devices such as music players or mobile telephones use a cigarette lighter receptacle to recharge their internal batteries or to directly operate from the vehicle electrical system. Adapters for electronic devices may change voltage to be compatible with the supplied device. Devices that require alternating-current mains electricity can be operated with a plug-in inverter. Automobiles may provide several 12 V receptacles that are intended only to operate electrical accessories, and which cannot be used with a cigarette lighter. Car manufacturers may offer a cigarette lighter

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle start from a truck may be subject to a 24 V electrical system used in some vehicles. Also, a "double battery jump-start" is performed by some tow truck drivers in cold climates. Equipment intended to be powered by the receptacle needs to account for intermittent contact, and voltages outside the nominal , such as maximum voltage continuously, or maximum voltage of lasting , lasting , and lasting . An example of protection component ratings tolerance is to . Robust equipment must tolerate temperatures varying between , plus possible high humidity and condensation of water. Cigarette lighter receptacle The cigarette lighter

neg: Space Bound text message to someone, and leaves to go to the restroom. Meanwhile, Eminem curiously takes out Grey's phone to see what she did, and is confused. He quickly puts the phone back as Grey comes back. Meanwhile, the alternate Eminem raps. The couple go to a motel room and receive a knock on the door, which Eminem opens but does not see anyone. He has a flashback of the cell phone, which shows 'Unknown caller', and a gun in Grey's car along with the lighter and cigarette. He then tries to strangle his girlfriend, who suddenly disappears, leaving Eminem alone.

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle disconnected while the engine is running, a load dump transient can produce very high voltages as the built in voltage regulator has been controlling the alternator field current to charge the vehicle battery and although it will attempt to reduce the field current to keep the output voltage constant, the field winding is highly inductive and setting the current to its new value takes several hundred milliseconds, during which the alternator output voltage will exceed its intended value. The load dump transient may also ruin the diodes in the alternator by exceeding their breakdown voltage. A car receiving a jump

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle fluctuates widely. The actual voltage will be approximately 12.5 volts when dormant (less in cold conditions), approximately 14.5 volts when the engine and the alternator/generator are operating (more when cold), and may briefly drop as low as 5–6 volts during engine start. When used, DC to DC converters will usually compensate for small fluctuations, but reliable power may not be available without an independent battery-powered uninterruptible power supply. Rarely, more extreme cases of voltage fluctuation can occur when the car battery is disconnected while the engine is running, or when the car receives a jump start. When the battery is

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle connection directly to car batteries are available for temporary use. In newer vehicles, one or more USB connectors may also be provided, as a source of modest amounts of 5 volt DC power, but even in these situations a cigarette lighter receptacle is provided for 12 volt DC power, and for applications that require higher current. Standardized 12 volt DC automobile plugs are defined in the United States by UL Standard 2089 regarding vehicle battery adapters. This standard covers plugs and cord sets that insert into cigarette lighter receptacles. In Europe, 12 volt plugs and sockets are not specially regulated,

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle Cigarette lighter receptacle The cigarette lighter receptacle (also called a cigar lighter receptacle or cigar lighter socket) in an automobile was initially designed to power an electrically heated cigarette lighter, but became a de facto standard DC connector to supply electrical power for portable accessories used in or near an automobile. While the cigarette lighter receptacle is a common feature of automobiles and trucks, as a DC power connector it has the disadvantages of bulkiness, relatively low current rating, and poor contact reliability. Examples of devices that can be operated from a cigarette lighter receptacle include lights, fans, beverage heating

neg: Cleopatra (cigarette) companies to become part of the United Arab Republic. Gamal Abdel Nasser would visit the exhibition and when the tour was finished, Kamal Katba (a member of the Chamber of Cigarette Industry in Egypt) offered Nasser a Belmont cigar but declined and instead pulled a pack of illegally smuggled Kent cigarettes out of his pocket, much to the surprise of the assistants. Kamal lit up the cigarette with his lighter, but Nasser felt uncomfortable and apologised, claiming that he only smoked Kent cigarettes because any other brand would irritate his lungs. After realising that what he was doing was illegal

neg: Malcolm Bricklin impact without deformation. The car didn't include a cigarette lighter or ashtray, as Bricklin viewed smoking while driving as unsafe. The Bricklin featured a vacuum forming process with color-impregnated acrylic bonded to fiberglass body panels. The car garnered mostly positive coverage from consumer media. In Car & Driver's comparison test, a '75 Bricklin with the Ford engine proved to be nearly a match for a '75 Corvette in every performance category—and the Bricklin's power-operated gullwing doors maxed out the "coefficient of cool" metric. Car and Driver concluded that despite some build quality and ergonomic deficiencies, and a price disadvantage, the

neg: The House of the Devil citing Ulman's lies and peculiar behavior, but she reluctantly promises to pick up Samantha later. Before the Ulmans depart, Samantha speaks with Mrs. Ulman, who tells her they are from "the desert." On the way home, Megan stops in her car to smoke a cigarette. When her lighter will not work, a stranger (A.J. Bowen) suddenly appears out of nowhere, startling her, and lights her cigarette for her. When Megan reveals that she is not the babysitter hired by the Ulmans, she is abruptly shot and murdered by the stranger. After ordering a pizza, Samantha dances around the house while

neg: Robert Sugden Eric's B&B. In the following weeks, at the scrapyard, Chrissie desperately tries to get Robert to sign the divorce papers and to sign everything over to her and Lawrence, however Robert refuses so Chrissie pours petrol all over his car. She then lights a cigarette lighter and burns his car. Once Robert thinks he's put out the flames they leave arguing, while the fire spreads to a nearby car that Adam is sleeping in. The fire also spreads to some gas canisters which in turn causes an almighty explosion and helicopter crash. Robert saves Adam from the flames, however they

neg: Leon Douglass that he also patented. In the mid-1930s he participated in a classified US Navy operation filming the ocean floor near Pearl Harbor and other strategic sites in Hawaii. Douglass also patented inventions in other fields. In 1924 he invented a new type of snap cigarette lighter with a trigger-released spring actuator. One of Douglass' sons left his position with the Victor Talking Machine Company to start the Douglass Lighter Company in San Francisco. In 1935, two of Douglass’ daughters died, one in a car accident and the other in childbirth, and Douglass retired and he and his wife moved out

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle the 12 volt systems, the "contact point", which is the center part of the plug when viewed end-on, carries the positive voltage, whereas the "can" part, which is the outer part of the connector, carries the negative voltage (which is the "ground" connection for most automobiles, which have a negative ground electrical system). 12 volt auto connectors are made to comply with a standard by Underwriters Laboratories for safety. UL2089 was developed to cover the requirements for portable adapters rated 24 V DC or less that are intended to be supplied from the battery powered electrical system of a vehicle.

neg: Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station The GRES-2 Power Station (or Power Station Ekibastuz) is a coal-fueled power generating station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan. GRES-2, commissioned in 1987, has installed capacity of 1,000 MWe and has the world's tallest flue gas stack at high. The reinforced concrete chimney is about taller than the Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Locals refer to it as "the Cigarette Lighter". It is the tallest chimney ever built. The power station is the start of the Powerline Ekibastuz–Kokshetau and uses a transmission voltage of 1,150 kVAC, the highest transmission voltage in the world. The extension of this

neg: Petroleum Warfare Department or LCA(FT). The LCA(FT) does not appear to have been used in action. A successor to Cockatrice called "Basilisk" was designed with improved cross country performance, for use with armoured car regiments but it was not adopted and only a prototype was produced. The first British vehicle mounted flamethrower for regular army use was developed in 1940 by the then newly established PWD. This flamethrower was known as the "Ronson" after the cigarette lighter manufacturer of the same name known for its stylish and dependable cigarette lighter products. Fraser developed the Ronson from his original cockatrice prototypes. The Ronson was

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle pushing it into the socket as though it were a push-button. When pushed in, the lighter is held against the force of a spring by a clip attached to a bi-metallic strip. The heating element glows orange hot in seconds, causing the bi-metallic strip to bend and release the mechanism, and the handle pops out, eliminating the need for the user to time the heating operation. If the lighter is then promptly removed from its socket, it can light a cigarette, cigar, or tinder. In newer cars, the socket is equipped with a plastic cover without the lighter heating element.

neg: The Invisible Guest too. Adrián is named European Businessman of the Year, and Tomás poses as a reporter during the ceremony to confront him. Tomás notices that Adrián pulls out the same cigarette lighter he saw when fixing the car. He begs Adrián to tell him where his son's body is as security removes him. Days later, Adrián receives a photo of a lake with instructions to take Laura to the hotel with €100,000. Adrián thinks the blackmailer may be the driver they saw after the accident, if he followed Adrián as he dumped the car. Back in the present, Virginia suggests that

neg: Torched (film) search of Doctor Tyson, spotting him seated in his parked car, dressed like her rapist and surrounded by sadistic pornography and stun guns identical to the one she was attacked with. When Doctor Tyson tries to pull her into the car, Deanna jams a cigarette lighter into one of his eyes, and knocks him out with one of the stun guns. Having finally found her rapist, Deanna abducts Doctor Tyson, and the film ends as she prepares to torture him. "Torched" was first released in edited form as a segment in co-creator Creepy Six Films's women's revenge-themed anthology "Hell Hath

neg: Fluorescent Adolescent young children. During the flashback, photos of the band as young children are shown. Throughout the fight, each group leader attempts to kill the other. As the music video climaxes, the non-clown leader tries to run over the clown leader. However the clown leader notices that the non-clown leader's car (with the non-clown leader inside) has been leaking fuel and drops his cigarette lighter. The car quickly catches fire and the clown leader looks on as his former friend burns and the music video ends. The video was loosely inspired by the poem "Out of Control Fairground" by John Cooper

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle use of cigarette lighter receptacles to supply 12 volt DC power is a classic example of backward compatibility to a de facto standard. The connector falls far short of ideal, being physically large and awkward to use, while being less reliable than alternatives such as the Anderson Powerpole connector (which is often used by amateur radio enthusiasts in mobile operations). Nevertheless, cigarette lighter receptacles are in widespread use, and all but the lowest-cost cars, trucks, RVs, and even boats can be expected to have at least one such receptacle. Portable cigarette lighter receptacles attached to cables and alligator clips for

neg: Rednecks and Broomsticks of a car window, and it lands in the hands of the Simpson children. Eventually the batteries run out, but Bart plugs the toy into the car's cigarette lighter, causing it to play even faster. His patience long gone, Homer smashes the Bonk-It with his foot, but it becomes lodged under the brake pedal. He loses control of the vehicle, hits a deer reminiscent of Bambi and ends up on a frozen lake, where a mysterious person drags them out. When the family wakes up, they discover that the mysterious person who saved them was Cletus. Cletus tells Homer about

neg: Drug injection the effects of the drug occur very rapidly. Chasing is a far safer way to use heroin than injecting, with one common option being to use new aluminum foil, first passing a cigarette lighter flame over both sides/or just the shiny side at least, which is to help sterilize it ("curing"). Swallowing tends to be the safest and slowest method of ingesting drugs. It is safer as the body has a much greater chance to filter out impurities. As the drug comes on slower, the effect tends to last longer as well, making it a favorite technique on the dance

neg: Private Investigator! packs of TNT in Bardagul's trench coat pocket. Bardagul gives his car's cigarette lighter and she places it alongside the two packs. Brossy hangs the trench coat on plane's left hind wing and it explodes, disabling the tail rudder. The pilot (the goon whose right hand is bandaged) and Kainam alight from the plane to see the damage as Bardagul and Brossy restrain them. A third person comes out of the plane. It is the gunman whom Bardagul disarmed back in the Kaspagarigan Restaurant. The bandaged goon identifies the man as Melecio, a champion skeet shooter. So Bardagul throws another

neg: Die Hard 2 on the wing. Grant emerges and fights McClane, but is knocked off the wing and falls into an engine, killing him. Stuart then comes out and succeeds in knocking McClane off the plane before removing McClane's jacket. However, he fails to notice that McClane had opened the fuel hatch. McClane then uses his cigarette lighter to ignite the trail of fuel which causes the jet to explode, killing the other soldiers, Esperanza, and Stuart aboard. The planes circling above use the fire trail to help them land. As the other passengers on board are rescued, Holly and McClane happily embrace.

neg: Mari Collingwood leave town. Mari convinces Krug to take a road that is in the direction of her parents' lake house; in an attempt to escape, Mari burns Sadie's face with a cigarette lighter and attempts to jump out of the vehicle, but is unable to when the car crashes. Eventually, Mari manages to escape the criminals and make it to the lake so she can swim to safety. However, Krug shoots her in the back and she is left for dead. Mari manages to reach her parent's porch and they seek revenge; Mari, John, Emma, and Justin then take a boat

neg: Heated clothing and Havenith, and Raccuglia et al. Heated clothing designed for use on vehicles such as motorbikes or snowmobiling typically use a 12-volt electric current, the standard voltage on motorsport and powersport batteries. While a single heated garment, such as heated gloves, will not usually adversely affect the charge on the battery, riders have to be careful about attaching several heated garments because the battery may not be able to handle the load. The heated garments are usually attached directly onto the battery of the bike. Some heated garments have cigarette lighter plugs. While the least expensive models can only be

neg: Bluesmobile its cigarette lighter does not work; when "Joliet" Jake Blues discovers this early in the film, he throws it out the window. In "The Blues Brothers" opening scene, Elwood arrives at Joliet Prison in the 1974 Dodge Monaco to pick up the newly-released Jake. When Jake asks about their previous Bluesmobile, a 1968 Cadillac Fleetwood, Elwood tells him he traded it for a microphone. Elwood explains the Dodge Monaco is a decommissioned Mount Prospect police car, and after proving its worthiness by jumping it over the 95th St. Bridge in Chicago, Jake approves it as their new Bluesmobile. The film

neg: Transmetropolitan taking a journalistic role similar to Jerusalem's; Channon and Royce note that Yelena is his spiritual successor, displaying his trademark rage and passion as well as his talent. In the garden, Jerusalem tells Royce that the disease is so advanced that he cannot light his own cigarettes, and he forgets one day out of seven. However, when Royce leaves, Jerusalem pulls out a package of cigarettes and what appears to be a handgun. He appears to be placing the barrel under his chin, until it is revealed in the next panel that it is a lighter. He lights the cigarette

neg: Fire at Rig 15 became a radio writer for the BBC as well as a published military historian. The premise of this episode was inspired by the "Devil's Cigarette Lighter", a gas well fire that burned for six months between 1961 and 1962 until it was finally extinguished by detonating a nitroglycerin charge at its epicentre to dispel the surrounding oxygen. The character of Jason Smith was based on Red Adair, the oil well firefighter who put out the Devil's Cigarette Lighter (who, like Smith, was Texan), and Smith's tractor on the adapted bulldozer that Adair used to deliver the charge. The Rig 15

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle heat a cigarette lighter, repurposing these sockets as generic power connectors can lead to many problems. In addition to the issues with partially-compatible physical dimensions, the plugs can vibrate out of the socket under normal driving conditions, owing to poor retention. Also, there have been reports of melted plug tips due to poor contact and heat generation from ohmic resistance. Non-vehicular use in stationary settings may avoid vibration problems when used as an alternative to 120 volt AC outlets, but low-quality connectors may still develop high resistance or intermittent contact. A second problem is that nominally "twelve-volt" power in cars

neg: Lighter coil is hot enough to cause the fuel–air mixture to burn on contact. Arc lighters use a spark to create a plasma conduit between electrodes, which is then maintained by a lower voltage. The arc is then applied to a flammable substance to cause ignition. Some vehicles are equipped with an electric lighter located on the dashboard or in the well between the front seats. Its electric heating element becomes hot in seconds upon activation. The car lighter was claimed to have been invented by Alexander Kucala, a tavern owner and inventor, on the south side of Chicago in the

neg: Part 3 (Twin Peaks) Mr. C begins to lose consciousness and loses control of the car and crashes on the side of the road. He gags, but holds back his vomit; as the cigarette lighter continues to exercise the force over him, red drapes faintly appear in front of him. In a house for sale in the Rancho Rosa estates, Las Vegas, Dougie Jones (also interpreted by MacLachlan) sits with Jade (Nafessa Williams) on his lap, lamenting that his arm (on which he wears the Owl Cave ring) feels "tingly." Jade takes her payment and proceeds to shower; Dougie gets out of bed and

neg: Down (Breaking Bad) to lose his temper and attack him, but he stops himself from beating Walt. Walt brings Jesse inside and gives him his half of the earnings, and then offers him breakfast. Meanwhile, back at the gas station, Skyler gets into her car and takes out a cigarette and lighter. She hesitates, thinking about her pregnancy, but starts smoking. "Down" is the second episode title to foreshadow the Wayfarer 515 incident. When placed together, they read "Seven Thirty-Seven Down Over ABQ". The episode was written by Sam Catlin, and directed by John Dahl. It aired on AMC in the United States

neg: Devil's Cigarette Lighter "Hellfighters" was loosely based upon the feats of Adair during the 1962 Sahara Desert fire. Devil's Cigarette Lighter The Devil's Cigarette Lighter was a natural gas well fire at Gassi Touil in the Sahara Desert of Algeria. Ignited when a pipe ruptured on November 6, 1961, the Phillips Petroleum Company-owned well produced more than of natural gas per second, whose flame rose between and . The flame was seen from orbit by John Glenn during the flight of "Friendship 7" on February 20, 1962. The blowout and fire were estimated to have consumed enough gas to supply Paris for three

neg: Devil's Cigarette Lighter Devil's Cigarette Lighter The Devil's Cigarette Lighter was a natural gas well fire at Gassi Touil in the Sahara Desert of Algeria. Ignited when a pipe ruptured on November 6, 1961, the Phillips Petroleum Company-owned well produced more than of natural gas per second, whose flame rose between and . The flame was seen from orbit by John Glenn during the flight of "Friendship 7" on February 20, 1962. The blowout and fire were estimated to have consumed enough gas to supply Paris for three months, burning per day. After burning almost six months, the fire was extinguished by well

neg: AB Standard (New York City Subway car) car. However, low voltage propulsion control utilized battery voltage (32 volts) to control the train's motors. This battery voltage was what would pass through the motorman's control stand and between cars. Tractive effort throughout the train was synchronized by the battery voltage in this way. Meanwhile, each car would respond individually to the battery voltage, by moving its own 600 volt contacts to direct power obtained locally by each car directly from the third rail toward the motors. Using 32 volts to control the propulsion in this way was a much safer proposition than the 600 volts associated with the

neg: Break Out (film) Break Out (film) Break Out (; lit. "Spark the Lighter") is a 2002 South Korean film. A loser, Bong-gu (Kim Seung-woo), attends a high school reunion, where he is ridiculed for his lack of accomplishments. The next day he goes to the country for army reserve training, where he encounters further humiliation and failure. With his last few won he purchases a cheap cigarette lighter. With no other way home, he shares a taxi to Seoul train station with a fellow reservist and malcontent named Bum-soo (Kang Sung-jin). While at the station, Bong-gu leaves his lighter in a bathroom stall,

neg: Jump start (vehicle) a connection is small. This method works by slowly recharging the battery, not by providing the current needed for cranking. The engine cranking motor current draw will exceed the fuse rating in a cigarette lighter outlet. Many vehicles turn off the cigarette lighter outlets when the key is turned off, making the technique unusable unless the ignition key is turned to the accessory or on position to connect the cigarette lighter outlet to the battery. Motorists and service garages often have portable battery chargers operated from AC power. Very small "trickle" chargers are intended only to maintain a charge on

neg: Jack (device) removing and commodious placing of great Timber.' Scissor car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual force alone. The jack shown at the right is made for a modern vehicle and the notch fits into a "hard point" on a unibody. Earlier versions have a platform to lift on a vehicle's frame or axle. Electrically operated car scissor jacks are powered by 12 volt electricity supplied directly from the car's cigarette lighter receptacle. The electrical energy is used to power these car jacks to raise and lower automatically. Electric jacks require less

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle was issued for a so-called "wireless" or "cordless" lighter with a removable element. The igniter was heated in the socket and then manually removed for use after an appropriate time interval. In the United States, cigarette lighters started appearing as standard equipment in automobiles in 1925–1926. In 1928, the Connecticut Automotive Specialty Company (Casco) in Bridgeport patented its version of an automotive cigarette lighter, which used a cord and reel. In the reel-type lighters, the igniter unit was connected with a source of current by a cable which was wound on a spring drum so that the igniter unit and

neg: Reefer Madness a cigarette. Jack gives him a joint. Later, when Jack comes back down and gets into the car, Jimmy drives off dangerously, along the way running over a pedestrian with his car. A few days later, Jack tells Jimmy that the pedestrian died of his injuries. Jack agrees to keep Jimmy's name out of the case, providing he agrees to "forget he was ever in Mae's apartment". Jimmy does indeed escape the consequences of his crime—a rare occurrence in the film. Bill begins an affair with Blanche. Mary, Jimmy's sister and Bill's girlfriend, goes to Mae's apartment looking for Jimmy

neg: Electric power quality Electric power quality Electric power quality, or simply power quality, involves voltage, frequency, and waveform. Good power quality can be defined as a steady supply voltage that stays within the prescribed range, steady a.c. frequency close to the rated value, and smooth voltage curve waveform (resembles a sine wave). In general, it is useful to consider power quality as the compatibility between what comes out of an electric outlet and the load that is plugged into it. The term is used to describe electric power that drives an electrical load and the load's ability to function properly. Without the proper

neg: DiDia 150 ruby red hubcaps on whitewall tires. Writer Daniel Vaughan describes it as ...an exotic vehicle that is overdone in every detail and in every respect, an iconic dream car. Its metallic red paint was from 30 coats of paint with real ground diamonds for sparkle. ...The body is from hand-fashioned soft aluminum. There are hidden headlights and tail lights that swivel as the car turns. Inside, the seats each have their own ash tray, cigarette lighter, and radio speaker. On the dash are oversized levers that control the air conditioning, heater and defroster. The car was designed by Andrew Di

neg: Eagle Mk1 produced with the original aluminium construction, but the fourth incorporated advanced and exotic metal alloys. This included extensive use of titanium for many of the componentry, and a high percentage of magnesium sheet in the monocoque panelwork. Owing to its novel construction materials this car, chassis number 104, was referred to as the "Ti-Mag Car". Gurney was well aware of the risks involved in driving a car made from such flammable materials. After witnessing Jo Schlesser's death in a magnesium-fuelled fireball during the 1968 French Grand Prix, Gurney compared racing in 104 to ""driving a Ronson cigarette lighter"". The Eagle

neg: No frills seats with rubber floor covering); fewer convenience items than the more expensive models (e.g., no cigarette lighter); lighter-weight components (such as aluminum on various engine, body and suspension components); and a manual transmission. Most no-frills cars are sold to fleet buyers, such as taxi companies or police departments. However, these models are generally available to cost-conscious private customers whose primary concerns were price, fuel economy and basic low-cost transportation. The concept of a no-frills car in the European market was common in the 1950s with cars such as the Ford Abeille or the Citroën ID Normale. The Dacia Logan is

neg: The Green Berets (film) notices an ARVN soldier pacing out distances in the camp and knocks him out. When Captain Nim interrogates him, he discovers a silver Zippo lighter in the ARVN soldier's possession. The lighter belonged to a Green Beret medical specialist, a friend of Kirby's, recently murdered by the Viet Cong. After Beckworth sees Nim torture the Viet Cong suspect to get a confession from him, he confronts Kirby about it. The Colonel justifies the interrogation by telling Beckworth about the cigarette lighter, and says the Viet Cong are ruthless killers who deserve no legal protections of any sort in this new

neg: 2017 Oregon wildfires Oregon’s population has been in a steady state of growth for the last three decades. With higher populations comes higher risk of human ignited forest fires. 2017 saw the devastating effects of human influenced fires. The Eagle Creek Fire burned 48,831 acres of land. This fire was ignited by a smoke bomb carelessly thrown by a 15-year-old boy. Something as simple as the exhaust pipe of a car or a cigarette out of a car window can start a devastating fire. Table contains 2017 wildfires in Oregon that burned over 1,000 acres Others fires include: The majority of the burned

neg: Pagani Huayra Benny Caiola, a friend of Horacio Pagani, and the first Pagani customer. The Huayra BC has an improved version of the standard Huayra's 6.0 L twin-turbo V12 engine, producing as well as of torque. The dry weight is reduced by to just , thanks to the use of a new material called 'carbon triax' which Pagani claims is 50% lighter and 20% stronger than regular carbon fibre, giving the car a power-to-weight ratio of per horsepower. The Huayra BC comes with a lighter titanium exhaust system, new aluminum alloy wheels, and a stripped out interior. The tires are Pirelli P-Zero

neg: Jaguar Mark 1 very different from that of previous Jaguars, the side window surrounds and opening rear "no draught ventilator" (quarterlight) windows are reminiscent of Jaguar Mark IV saloons. At launch the car had drum brakes but from the end of 1957 got the innovative (at the time) option of disc brakes on all four wheels. The car was available in standard or special equipment versions with the former lacking a tachometer, heater (available as an option), windscreen washers, fog lights and cigarette lighter. Both versions did however have leather upholstery and polished walnut trim. The Mark 1 was initially offered with a

neg: Annie Oakley (1935 film) you a start. That is when the Kaiser, then only a Prince, gallantly holds a cigarette in his mouth for Annie to shoot at. What might have been the course of history, you find yourself wondering, if Annie had missed. Decades later, Pauline Kael called Stanwyck "consistently fresh and believable" and said Stevens "makes some of the points about race he made later in "Giant"... but here they're lighter and better. They seem to grow casually out of the American material; the movie feels almost improvised." Annie Oakley (1935 film) Annie Oakley is a 1935 American biographical film directed by

neg: Raphaël Géminiani withdrew from sponsorship at the end of 1964, Géminiani sold his team to the French division of Ford, the car-maker and then in 1969 to the cigarette lighter and ballpoint pen company, Bic. Dominique Pezard, who for years has been a driver of race officials in the Tour, said: My father was 25 years old and he was washing the car of the baron ["Baron Bich, founder of Bic"] when one day he was called into his office. The baron told him he needed someone. He became director of human resources at Bic. When Raphaël Géminiani announced that his team

neg: Bringrr Bringrr Bringrr is a startup company that develops and manufactures electronic tracking systems for commonly used items, including smartphones. The company was founded in 2009 by James Logan. The company's eponymous product is a device that alerts users if they do not have their smartphone when they start their car. Asheem Aggarwal is Bringrr's CEO. Bringrr was founded by James Logan in 2009 to produce and market Bringrr Reminder (later renamed Bringrr), a cylindrical device that plugs into a car's cigarette lighter and alerts users when the device does not detect the user's smartphone inside the car. At the time

neg: Disappearance of Maura Murray her house. Through her window she could see a car up against the snowbank along Route 112, also known as Wild Ammonoosuc Road. The car pointed west on the eastbound side of the road. She telephoned the Grafton County Sheriff's Department at 7:27,pm to report the accident. According to the 9-1-1 log, the woman claimed to have seen a man smoking a cigarette inside the car. However, she later stated that she had not seen a man nor a person smoking a cigarette, but rather had seen what appeared to be a red light glowing from inside the car, potentially

neg: Death Race (film) Colt, one of the other competitors, Jensen improvises and spills napalm over Colt's car, and has Case ignite it with the cigarette lighter. Colt's car is then run into by Machine Gun Joe's. Jensen is distracted and hit by Joe when Pachenko does the same hand gesture at him as the masked assailant (making Jensen realize it was Pachenko that killed his wife), coming in last place. Day 1 ends with three racers dead (Siad, Grimm, and Colt) and six remaining. After a conversation with Hennessey and another fight with Pachenko, Jensen deduces that Hennessey ordered Pachenko to frame Jensen,

neg: Alien 51 takes her top off and straddles his lap. Because of her distraction he runs over something, blowing out a tire. Gibson stops to change the tire, but immediately vanishes when he gets out of the car. Traci searches for him, but only finds a bloody tire iron. She runs back to the car, lights a cigarette and drives away. However, she soon has an accident and is trapped by the seatbelt. The monster picks up her cigarette outside the car and ignites the gasoline leaking from the car, setting it and Traci on fire. Several people are attacked at a

neg: AC adapter plate" voltage, which could damage the load. If they are heavily loaded, the output voltage may droop appreciably, in some cases well below the nominal label voltage even within the nominal rated current, causing the equipment being supplied to malfunction or be damaged. Supplies with linear (as against switched) regulators are heavy, bulky, and expensive. Modern switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) are smaller, lighter, and more efficient. They put out a much more constant voltage than unregulated supplies as the input voltage and the load current vary. When introduced, their prices were high, but by the early 21st century the prices

neg: Lighter early 1930s called the AL Lighter. Not to be confused with the meaning of "match" as in matchsticks or the "permanent match" (see below), this type of lighter consists of a length of "slow match" in a holder, with means to ignite and to extinguish the match. While the glowing match does not generally supply enough energy to start a fire without further kindling, it is fully sufficient to light a cigarette. The main advantage of this design shows itself in windy conditions, where the glow of the match is fanned by the wind instead of being blown out. A

neg: Betamovie BMC-100/110/200/220. LC-850 is for BMC-500/550/660. An externally mounted boom microphone. A wired remote control with a Record/Pause button. A car adapter with cable for connecting to the cigarette lighter socket in a car. VHS-C A competing camcorder tape format. Video8 A successor format to Betamovie. Betamovie Betamovie is the brand name for a range of consumer grade camcorders developed by Sony for the Betamax format. By "camcorder" is understood a single unit comprising a video camera and a video recorder. Betamovie records analog video on a standard Betamax cassette. A range of models was manufactured for the PAL and NTSC

neg: Get Smart if anyone breaks in to pick up the house phone, dial 1-1-7, and press the trigger on the handset, which converts it to a gun. The phone-gun is only used that once, but Max once carried a gun-phone, a revolver with a rotary dial built into the cylinder. In the episode "Satan Place", Max simultaneously holds conversations on seven different phones: the shoe, his tie, his belt, his wallet, a garter, a handkerchief and a pair of eyeglasses. Other unusual locations include a garden hose, a car cigarette lighter (hidden in the car phone), a bottle of perfume (Max complains

neg: Tourism Radio Tourism Radio Tourism Radio is a travel technology company based in Cape Town, South Africa, which produces location-based technology used in customized GPS in-car devices and IOS and Android mobile applications. The technology allows the user to take a tour of a city or pre-defined area, with geo-located, pre-recorded audio travel information triggering automatically as the user approaches them. The Tourism Radio in-car device plugs into a standard vehicle cigarette lighter and broadcasts a selection of local and international music along with location-specific travel information about the area the vehicle is driving through. Currently, there are approximately 3,300 of these

neg: Tom Clerc Japanese gang, himself mutant as well that would later become one of his main villains as well. Tom is carrier of SGx29, a type of Sign Gene mutation. His superpowers are certain actions, and the actions take place through the use of sign language. His main main and iconic power is smoking with the sign for cigarette: he would sign it, so with one hand on his mouth looking like it's a cigarette, with his other hand shaped, using the sign for lighter, and he would motion for the hand with the lighter in it to light the cigarette. It

neg: Safety of electronic cigarettes Reports regarding the levels of toxic chemicals were inconsistent. This includes a study showing that the levels of toxicants in e-cigarettes may be higher than with cigarette smoke. Battery output voltage influences the level of the carbonyl substances in the vapor. A few new e-cigarettes let users boost the amount of vapor and nicotine provided by modifying the battery output voltage. E-cigarettes with higher voltages (5.0 V) can emit carcinogens including formaldehyde at levels comparable to cigarette smoke, while reduced voltages (3.0 V) generate aerosol with levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde roughly 13 and 807-fold less than in cigarette smoke.

neg: Man from the South car, and Neile Adams (McQueen's real life wife) as a woman McQueen's character meets. It takes place in Las Vegas, Nevada. The car itself is merely described as a convertible. And we could see that although she was wearing gloves, her pointer, middle, and ring fingers were apparently missing. In this adaptation, as part of the dramatic denouement after the woman appears and effectively aborts the bet, the gambler (McQueen) tries to relieve the stress of the young woman (Adams) by lighting her cigarette. The lighter fails to start when flicked for this however, a sly indicator of how narrowly

neg: Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) that he will come in her home but he didn't. Romaisa didn't knew that her mither loves Hassaam. They have a lighter which identifies love. Romaisa finds that lighter and identifies that her mother loved Hassaam and she (her mother) feels guilty. The story is about a girl (Aiman Khan), who walks through road and then waits for van and then when it comes, she sits there and comes in home. Asif (Alyy Khan) is in car and she also sits there and Fariya (Aiman Khan) seeks help for her father's critical health. A man (Anwar Iqbal) comes in home

neg: Volkswagen Polo Mk1 with a large boot attached (an old Audi proposal, but never sold by this brand). When first on sale the range topping car, the LS model, featured the 50 PS (37 kW) 1043 cc engine found in the Audi 50. Other specifications included parking lights, rear wash wipe, sun visors, chromed bumpers and 4.5J X 13" wheels. The N model was the basic starting spec lacking many of the features of the LS. In 1979 the GLS was introduced, replacing the LS as the range-topping car; specification upgrades included chrome headlight and grill surrounds, sunroof, a cigarette lighter and chrome

neg: Disappearance of Sarah MacDiarmid to Caulfield, then changed to a Frankston service. MacDiarmid's friends disembarked this train at Bonbeach while she remained, continuing on to Kananook station where her vehicle was parked. She was last seen alighting the train and heading for the poorly lit car park at approximately 10:20 p.m. Police suspected foul play based on bloodstains found beside her red 1978 Honda Civic abandoned in the station car parkand drag marks leading into the bushes, as well as finding a cigarette lighter on the ground belonging to Sarah, but no trace of her was ever found. Later, witnesses said Sarah got off

neg: Composite (New York City Subway car) in 1916. While this modification added weight to the trailer cars, the load on each wheel was still within the acceptable range to run on elevated structure. Therefore, all Composites became motorized. One other notable change occurred during the 1916 modifications. The high voltage propulsion control was replaced with a safer low voltage propulsion control, which utilized battery voltage (32 volts) to control the train's motors. This battery voltage was what would pass through the motorman's control stand and between cars. Tractive effort throughout the train was synchronized by the battery voltage in this way. Meanwhile, each car would respond

neg: Dodge 330 Dodge 330 The Dodge 330 was a full-size automobile sold by Dodge from 1962 to and 1964, and was based on the B-body. The coupe often used a 6-cylinder engine. The car was available as a 2dr Sedan or 4dr Sedan. Base motor was the 225 Slant-Six. The 318 2bbl, 361 2bbl, 383 2bbl, 383 4bbl, and 426 4bbl were optional. As an intermediate trim level above the Dart, it came standard with a cigarette lighter, front foam cushions, and rear arm rests. The car had a wheelbase and was long. There was also a higher trimmed 440 and Polara

neg: GAZ-21 which it was introduced, and incorporated such then-luxury features as the reclining front seat, cigarette lighter, heater, windshield washer and 3-wave radio. When in 1959 the 6-cylinder line of GAZ cars was discontinued, Volga M-21 became the biggest and most luxurious car officially sold to individual owners in the USSR in large quantities, though its price was very high and made it unavailable for most car buyers. 639,478 cars were produced in total. Three series GAZ-21 were released, most easily distinguished by the grille. The First Series (1956–58), known as the "Star", featured a lattice of three large horizontal bars

neg: Death of Sandra Bland shows that Encinia's tone and attitude changes after he asks if Bland is irritated and she answers affirmatively. He initially wrote a routine traffic violation warning for Bland after she moved over but didn't signal to let him pass since he was tailing her closely. After he returns to her car and speaks briefly to her again, he asks her to put out her cigarette. She responds, "Why do I have to put out a cigarette when I'm in my own car?" Encinia orders her to "get out of the car", and, when she repeatedly refuses to exit, he tells

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle cable could be withdrawn from the socket and be used for lighting a cigar or cigarette. As the removable plug was returned to the socket, the wires were reeled back into it. The circuit was closed either by pressing a button or removing the igniter from its socket. The modern "automatic" removable automotive V-Coil lighter was developed by Casco in 1956, for which it received , issued in 1960. The lighter is a metal or plastic cylinder containing a thin flat coil of nichrome metal strip, through which high current (~10 amperes) passes when the device is activated, usually by

neg: Cigarette lighter receptacle Products covered by the standard include cord assemblies of a plug that mates with the standard cigarette receptacle found in automobiles. Plugs often include a pilot light LED indicator to indicate that electrical power is connected. Optionally, the plug may be equipped with an internal fuse for electrical safety, usually rated at 10 amps or less. In some designs, the tip of the plug may be unscrewed to reveal a cylindrical glass fuse; other variants may use a newer blade-type fuse inserted into the side or back of the plug. Since the cigarette lighter socket was originally designed only to

neg: Half a Sinner (1940 film) Red, Larry and Anne drive away. They stop for gas at a station. The attendant recognizes them as fugitives, but Larry ties him up. Mrs. Breckenbridge pulls up in her chauffeur-driven limousine. While the newcomers are distracted, Larry switches license plates. Then Larry and Anne break into an empty house, but Red and Handsome track them down. Fortunately, Larry manages to knock Red out and Handsome runs away after Anne burns him with a cigarette. Mrs. Breckenbridge also shows up, after an encounter with Kelly. It comes out that they "broke into" Larry's home; the car is also Larry's. Despite

neg: Cigarette receptacle Their simple design allows butts to be deposited directly into the tube, and to extinguish on their own. Usually constructed of metal, no other media, such as sand or water, is required. One and two-piece construction is common. Made in a variety of configurations and construction materials, free standing cigarette receptacles come in heavy pre-cast concrete, lighter weight stone/epoxy aggregate and lighter still materials such as polyethylene, recycled plastic and fiberglass. Many free standing cigarette receptacles utilize an oxygen restricting design that extinguishes still burning butts. These style receptacles are usually made of molded plastic, polyethylene and fiberglass, with metal

neg: And the Soul Shall Dance Victrola, asking Emiko what she liked to listen to, but Emiko simply smokes a cigarette and starts to cry out of nostalgia for her home country of Japan. After Emiko runs inside, Hana fears that she has offended her, but Oka comes back and Masako goes to take her bath. They all agree to find something that is more fun to listen to and put on the song “And the Soul Shall Dance”. While the music plays, Emiko, seemingly having had a few drinks, comes around the house dressed in a straw hat with her hair down and begins to

neg: EmPower (aircraft power adapter) 60 Hz even if sold in AC 230 V 50 Hz markets. Apple offered an EmPower Magsafe power adapter for their MacBook, MacBook Pro, and MacBook Air lines of notebooks, and also includes a cigarette lighter socket adapter. However, this system only runs the computer and will not charge the computer's battery, and Apple warns users to never plug this device into a car's cigarette lighter outlet. This product has since been discontinued. Even though EmPower adapters are rated at 15 volts instead of 12 volts like cigar lighter receptacles, most accessories made for the so-called "12-volt outlets" have enough

neg: False alarm and at times deprogramming the panel every time the backup generator came on. In facilities like these, they are required to test generators every month. When the power goes out, that is one thing, but when the power comes on all the HVAC systems are on the same time delay and when they come on, the heavy load is what causes the voltage drop and current rise and the system will go into false alarm. There is technology like the 120HWCP20CBPLC that will monitor the power and when the voltage drops, the unit shuts off the power. The batteries inside

neg: Gran Torino a cigarette in his mouth, he asks for a light, then puts his hand in the pocket of his jacket and provocatively pulls it out as if he were holding a gun, causing the gang members to shoot and kill him. As he falls to the ground, his hand opens to reveal the Zippo cigarette lighter with the 1st Cavalry insignia; he was unarmed. His plan had in fact been to provoke them into killing him in public. Sue, following Walt's directions, frees Thao, and they drive to the scene in Walt's Gran Torino. One of the police officers tells

neg: Candy cigarette Candy cigarette Candy cigarettes are a candy introduced in the early 20th century made out of chalky sugar, bubblegum or chocolate, wrapped in paper and packaged and branded so as to resemble cigarettes. Some products contain powdered sugar hidden in the wrapper, allowing the user to blow into the cigarette and produce a cloud of sugar that imitates smoke, which comes out of the other end. Candy cigarettes' place on the market has long been controversial because many critics believe the candy desensitizes children, leading them to become smokers later in life. Because of this, the selling of candy cigarettes

neg: Candy cigarette before being renamed candy sticks and being manufactured without the red tip. Candy cigarette Candy cigarettes are a candy introduced in the early 20th century made out of chalky sugar, bubblegum or chocolate, wrapped in paper and packaged and branded so as to resemble cigarettes. Some products contain powdered sugar hidden in the wrapper, allowing the user to blow into the cigarette and produce a cloud of sugar that imitates smoke, which comes out of the other end. Candy cigarettes' place on the market has long been controversial because many critics believe the candy desensitizes children, leading them to become

neg: Kagbeni (film) unlike everyone thought. Krishna asks Tara to get a cigarette and a lighter from his bag, but she is scared to find a monkey’s paw when she takes the cigarette out. Ramesh is amazed to see the paw still with him. He explains to Tara that the paw had power to fulfill one’s wish. Meanwhile, Tara’s watch stops running. That night, Ramesh remembers everything again and the next day, they are amazed to see Krishna not in his room. The main door is locked from inside. While sweeping the floor, she finds the paw under the bed and keeps it

neg: Sudarshan Shetty Shetty’s shows in the last decade from the mechanical dinosaur making metallic love to a sports car (Love 2006) to the stilted bull in "The more I die the lighter I get" (2010) and the rocking skeleton of a horse in "This too shall pass" (2010). Mumbai, in all its visual abundance and diversity is Shetty’s main source of information and inspiration. Most of what he calls “the information for my work” comes, he says, “from my day-to-day negotiation with this city.” The city provides the backdrop for his recordings of the unfolding, renting and unfurling of human life. Paper

neg: P–n diode the voltage the devices can withstand in reverse bias. The top structure uses a mesa to avoid a sharp curvature of the "p-"region next to the adjoining "n-"layer. The bottom structure uses a lightly doped "p-"guard-ring at the edge of the sharp corner of the "p-"layer to spread the voltage out over a larger distance and reduce the electric field. (Superscripts like "n" or "n" refer to heavier or lighter impurity doping levels.) The ideal diode has zero resistance for the "forward bias polarity", and infinite resistance (conducts zero current) for the "reverse voltage polarity"; if connected in an alternating

neg: Neon-sign transformer generate the same voltage and current ranges as iron cored transformers, but in much smaller, lighter designs at high frequency (not the common 50–60 Hz). They are gradually replacing iron cored transformers in neon signs. All NSTs are designed to produce a high voltage starting pulse to a tube, then limit the current through the tube when it has started. This is opposite of most line transformers, which will produce full voltage to a load even if overloaded, unless the resistance of windings is too great to allow the excess current or until a winding burns out. Besides the obvious

neg: Pocket FM Data System (RDS) protocol to allow listeners to find the new station. RDS can also be used to broadcast other text-based messages to users with compatible tuners. The device can be used with solar power and runs at 12 volts of electricity, making it possible for it to function when plugged into a car's cigarette lighter receptacle. The device also comes with a built-in satellite receiver to receive Internet-delivered feeds or download content to broadcast over-the-air. They are capable of operating autonomously for extended periods when given a steady power supply, and can be passcode-protected to prevent unauthorized transmission. The

neg: The Human Vapor The switch is thrown but nothing happens. They find out that the detonating wires on the circuit board have been severed by Fujichiyo. As the recital ends, Fujichiyo bounds off the stage, embracing Mizuno. While savoring the moment with the man she loves, she reaches for a cigarette lighter to burn the theater down along with Mizuno and Jiya. Knowing that they can never live happily together as a normal couple, she ignites the lighter, causing the theater to go up in a maelstrom of flame, killing Fujichiyo and Jiya. While everyone outside gazes at the burning theater, they wonder

neg: AC adapter the twenty-first century, switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) became almost ubiquitous for this purpose. Mains voltage is rectified to a high direct voltage driving a switching circuit, which contains a transformer operating at a high frequency and outputs direct current at the desired voltage. The high-frequency ripple is more easily filtered out than mains-frequency. The high frequency allows the transformer to be small, which reduces its losses; and the switching regulator can be much more efficient than a linear regulator. The result is a much more efficient, smaller, and lighter device. Safety is ensured, as in the older linear circuit, because

neg: Scion xD vehicle. Previous model years with Pioneer had two separate inputs on both sides of the cigarette lighter/accessory plug, with the AUX jack port being on the driver side, and the iPod connectivity (specially made for Toyota) port located on the passenger side. The upgraded Alpine head unit features a touchscreen, and HD radio tuner, along with an optional Navigation system upgrade. For the 2011 model year, the Scion xD received a minor change to the grille, and sales began in Canada with the launch of the Scion brand there. The front-wheel-drive xD comes with the 2ZR-FE DOHC 1.8-litre 4-cylinder engine

neg: What It Feels Like for a Girl and squirts water on the face of two policemen from a fake pistol before driving backwards into their car. She then mows down a pack of street hockey players before stealing a red muscle car from a gas station where an attendant fills its tank, spilling gasoline all over the pavement. Madonna then throws a lighter out of the window causing an explosion, all while still accompanied by the old woman. The final shot depicts her slamming the stolen car head-on into a telephone pole in an apparent act of murder–suicide. Upon release, the video was criticized for its violent

neg: Hotchkiss v. Greenwood years, but began to become more strict after the Great Depression and New Deal. Thus, in "Cuno Engineering Corp. v. Automatic Devices Corp." in 1941, the Court veered away from "Hotchkiss" to invalidate an automatic cigarette lighter for cars that used a thermostat to pop out the lighter so that the user did not have to hold it in place in the socket until it heated sufficiently. In the Second Circuit, Judge Learned Hand had held the device patentable, ruling in an echo of "Hotchkiss", "If patents are to go to those who contribute new appliances that are beyond the

neg: Voltage converter to provide low-voltage electricity to a device from mains electricity; this would be done by what is usually called a "power supply". Most modern electronic devices require between 1.5 and 24 volts DC; lower-powered devices at these voltages can often work either from batteries or mains. Some devices incorporate a power supply and are simply plugged into the mains. Others use an external power supply comprising either a transformer and rectifier, or electronic circuitry. Switched-mode power supplies have become widespread in the early twenty-first century; they are smaller and lighter than the once-universal transformer converters, and are often designed to

neg: The Machinist airport diner he frequents. He is haunted by brief flashes of recurring imagery, and things such as his car cigarette lighter take on a menacing air. A mysterious series of post-it notes appear on his refrigerator, depicting a game of hangman. These vague incidents send him further into paranoia, but he nonetheless attempts to establish a relationship with Maria. Meeting her at an amusement park, Trevor goes with her son Nicholas on a fun house ride called "Route 666," whose flashing lights cause Nicholas to suffer an epileptic seizure. No longer able to think clearly, Trevor suspects that the bizarre

neg: Lower Dens enough to appreciate the obviousness." The band began writing their sophomore album while still on tour supporting "Twin-Hand Movement". The limitations of writing on the road forced Hunter to work through a laptop and a keyboard rather than the guitar, which led to the increased presence of synths on the album: "I did try to write with a guitar on headphones through a tiny amp plugged into ... the cigarette lighter of the car, but that is an extraordinarily inefficient way to write music ... I talked the band into getting laptop; we got Garage Band and a MIDI digital

neg: All Night Long (1981 film) cousin. George advises Freddie to stop the affair before it leads to any trouble, but Freddie declares that he might love her. One night at the store, George finally meets the woman, Cheryl (Barbra Streisand), an untalented singer-songwriter married to a volatile firefighter, Bobby (Kevin Dobson), and she begins to show an interest in him. After a while, the interest is mutual. George goes to Cheryl's house to return her cigarette lighter. She offers to show George the paint job Freddie has done in her bedroom. George and Cheryl are about to get intimate, when Freddie comes over to see

neg: Lanchester Fourteen mechanical brakes were on all four wheels. The radiator case was carried well forward of the front axle which lengthened the bonnet and, with the sweeping lines of the body, gave a big car appearance. "Easy clean" wheels were fitted, the front seats were adjustable, and the steering wheel column was telescopic. A luggage boot was added at the back with a separate lockable compartment for a spare wheel. Other additions were footrests for the back passengers, an electric cigarette lighter, a sunshine roof, double screen wipers, sun visors, and a new pistol-grip handbrake lever on the dash. Lanchester estimated

neg: Smiley's People and protection for Tatiana, or his destruction at the hands of his rivals in Moscow Centre. In a final scene, Karla, posing as a labourer, defects using a bridge connecting East and West Berlin. Before crossing over into the waiting arms of Western agents, Karla stops and lights a cigarette. As he passes near Smiley he drops a gold cigarette lighter, a gift to George from Ann, that he purloined from Smiley years earlier in an Indian prison. Smiley fails to pick up the lighter, another sign that he has become that which he resisted for so long. "Smiley's People"

neg: Morris R. Jeppson a car cigarette lighter (approximately three inches in length), with a green cap for the safety plug and a red cap for the arming plug. Jeppson's role was to climb into the bomb bay and remove the three green safety plugs from the bomb and to replace them with the three red plugs just before the aircraft climbed to high altitude close the target area, a job that later caused controversy. In September 1945, Jeppson was awarded the Silver Star in recognition of his service to his country. During the 1950s he worked as a scientist at Lawrence Livermore National

neg: Four Rooms nails, a club sandwich, a bucket of ice, and an extremely sharp hatchet (Rush specifically requests a hatchet "as sharp as the Devil himself"). After getting acquainted with Chester and his friends, Ted is asked to take part in a challenge: Chester's friend, Norman (Paul Calderón), has bet he can light his Zippo cigarette lighter ten times in a row. If he succeeds, Norman will win Chester's car, but if he fails, Norman's pinky will be cut off. Ted is asked to "wield the hatchet" and cut off Norman's pinky, should he fail. He initially tries to leave, but Chester

neg: River City his grip) and one of his henchmen. He is then murdered by Raymond Henderson after Raymond discovers that Sean killed Deek with his car. Raymond causes a gas leak in the Tall Ship; when he uses a cigarette lighter, the pub blows up. Raymond is never arrested. Sean's father, Billy, turns up with vengeance on his mind. He kidnaps Stevie Burns and tries to make a deal with his son's arch-rival, Lenny. Stella and Stevie's affair worsens and Stella's brother, Mark, turns up. Scarlett is concerned that her cancer has returned. Nicole tells Stevie that she is pregnant with his