query: how many us supreme court justices are there

pos: Supreme Court of the United States police force separate from the Capitol Police. Located across First Street from the United States Capitol at One First Street NE and Maryland Avenue, the building is open to the public from 9 am to 4:30 pm weekdays but closed on weekends and holidays. Visitors may not tour the actual courtroom unaccompanied. There is a cafeteria, a gift shop, exhibits, and a half-hour informational film. When the Court is not in session, lectures about the courtroom are held hourly from 9:30 am to 3:30 pm and reservations are not necessary. When the Court is in session the public may attend

pos: Supreme Court of the Philippines are corrupt. But (49%) stated that a judges received bribes, just 8% of lawyers admitted they reported the bribery, because they could not prove it. [Tables 8-9]; judges, however, said, just 7% call many/very many judges as corrupt[Tables 10-11];b) "Judges see some corruption; proportions who said - many/very many corrupt judges or justices: 17% in reference to RTC judges, 14% to MTC judges, 12% to Court of Appeals justices, 4% i to Shari'a Court judges, 4% to Sandiganbayan justices and 2% in reference to Supreme Court justices [Table 15]. The September 14, 2008, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) survey,

pos: Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court) scholars have postulated that swing justices, who have disproportionate influence over the court, may be more attuned to public opinion since their own policy preferences are weaker than their colleagues. The demographics of the Supreme Court reveal that Justices tend to be more highly educated and wealthy relative to the rest of the nation. In 2007, 7 of the 9 justices had a net worth of over a million dollars and all of the justices attended an Ivy League law school. Social psychological theory holds that we seek approval from those similar to us, and those we interact with more

pos: Supreme Court of Estonia Act, the Chief Justice is appointed for 9 years and no person can be appointed for two consecutive terms of office. There have been five Chief Justices during the operation of the Court: Any experienced lawyer in good standing can apply to become a Justice of the Supreme Court following an announcement of a public competition. Successful candidates are appointed for life tenure by Riigikogu on the advice of the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Court ordinarily includes 19 Justices; however, one or more positions are often vacant. The current Justices are listed below. According to §99

pos: GSIS-Meralco bribery case it published that: a) like 1995, 1/4 of lawyers said many/very many judges are corrupt. But (49%) stated that a judges received bribes, just 8% of lawyers admitted they reported the bribery, because they could not prove it. [Tables 8-9]; judges, however, said, just 7% call many/very many judges as corrupt[Tables 10-11];b) "Judges see some corruption; proportions who said - many/very many corrupt judges or justices: 17% in reference to RTC judges, 14% to MTC judges, 12% to Court of Appeals justices, 4% i to Shari'a Court judges, 4% to Sandiganbayan justices and 2% in reference to Supreme Court justices

neg: Justice of the peace cases but are not justice courts. The official title for judges in Justice Courts is Justice, the same as in New York Supreme Court. However, in common usage, most people, including lawyers, call them Judge. Justices in Justice Court do not have to be lawyers. The vast majority are not. Many of these courts are in small towns and villages where none of the residents are lawyers. In the larger towns, the justices are almost always lawyers. While Justices and their court clerks receive training from OCA, there is tremendous variability in how cases are handled. This includes court procedures

neg: Oklahoma Supreme Court of the Oklahoma Supreme Court are: There are currently four living retired justices of the Oklahoma Supreme Court: Daniel J. Boudreau, Robert E. Lavender, Steven W. Taylor, and Joseph M. Watt. As retired justices, they no longer participate in the work of the Supreme Court. Many of the internal operations of the Court are organized by seniority of justices, with the chief justice is considered the most senior member of the court followed by the vice-chief justice, regardless of the length of their service. The other justices are then ranked by the length of their service. During the sessions of

neg: Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria of Nigeria.<ref> Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria The Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria are members of the Supreme Court of Nigeria headed by the Chief Justice of Nigeria. The Justices are often recommended by the National Judicial Council to the President of Nigeria, who will send the names to the Senate for confirmation. Currently, there are 16 Justices of the Supreme court of Nigeria, including the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Prior to the appointment of Justice Olukayode Ariwola and Mary Odili, the wife of Peter Odili, there were 14 Justices of the Supreme Court, including the

neg: Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria The Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria are members of the Supreme Court of Nigeria headed by the Chief Justice of Nigeria. The Justices are often recommended by the National Judicial Council to the President of Nigeria, who will send the names to the Senate for confirmation. Currently, there are 16 Justices of the Supreme court of Nigeria, including the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Prior to the appointment of Justice Olukayode Ariwola and Mary Odili, the wife of Peter Odili, there were 14 Justices of the Supreme Court, including the Chief Justice

neg: New York Supreme Court available only for elected Supreme Court Justices, not for "Acting" Justices whose election or appointments were to lower courts. In many counties, the number of New York Supreme Court justices is fewer than the number of needed justices. For that reason, judges of the New York City Civil Court, New York City Criminal Court, New York Family Court, and New York Court of Claims are designated as Acting Supreme Court Justices. The New York Supreme Court is the oldest Supreme Court with general original jurisdiction. It was established as the Supreme Court of Judicature by the Province of New York

neg: Judge commonly used by the plaintiff or defendant. Notably, the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, the largest unified trial court in the United States, has a rule that the judge shall be addressed only as "Your Honor" while in court, and never as "Judge," "Judge (name)," "ma'am," or "sir." This is somewhat unusual as "Judge" and "Judge (name)" or similar forms of address are considered appropriate and respectful in many other courts. The judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the judges of the supreme courts of several US states and other countries are called "justices". Justices

neg: South Carolina Supreme Court South Carolina Supreme Court The South Carolina Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The court is composed of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. Judges are selected by the legislature of South Carolina to serve terms of ten years. There is no prohibition against justices serving multiple terms on the court. However, there is a mandatory retirement age of 72 for state trial judges and state appellate judges in South Carolina. For a list of previous justices see List of Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court. The court enjoys both original

neg: Supreme Court of Illinois Illinois Supreme Court is separated into 5 districts, with one Justice elected from each except the 1st, which elects three Justices. They are separated by county lines, as follows. While the justices of many states' supreme courts are expected to relocate to the state capital for the duration of their terms of office, the justices of the Illinois Supreme Court continue to reside in their home districts and have chambers in their respective appellate districts (for example, the three First District justices are chambered in the Michael Bilandic Building in Chicago). The justices travel to Springfield to hear oral arguments

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan the qualification summary before the nomination sent to executive. There has been "Ad hoc" appointment in the supreme court made when the quorum of Judges is not possible to complete the sitting number of justices in the court, or if it is necessary to increase the number of justices in the Supreme Court. The nomination comes directly from the Judicial Commission chiared by the Chief Justice who prepares the nomination summary as President confirms their appointments. As of current, there are two justices are on the "ad-hoc" appointment that are from the Federal Sharia Court. A judge of the Supreme

neg: Supreme Court of Bangladesh Supreme Court of Bangladesh The Supreme Court of Bangladesh () is the highest court of law in Bangladesh. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division, and was created by Part VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the Chief Justice, Appellate Division Justices, and High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh. As of November 2018 there are 7 Justices in Appellate Division and 92 (74 are permanent and 18 are additional) in High Court Division. Supreme Court of Bangladesh is divided into two parts. First, the

neg: Constitution of Oklahoma officials from office) and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary (charged with reviewing Justices and Judges). The Article continues to further describe how Justices and Judges are selected, and how and under what circumstances Justices and Judges are removed from office. Article Eight states that all state elected offices, including Supreme Court Justices, are subject to impeachment for wilful neglect of duty, corruption in office, habitual drunkenness, incompetency, or any offense involving moral turpitude committed while in office. The Oklahoma House of Representatives must bring the charges against the individual with the Oklahoma Senate serving as the Court on Impeachment,

neg: Fed Up! (book) to Live", examines the Supreme Court of the United States and how some of its decisions have taken away the right of states to legislate, particularly on criminal law, religious expression in public, gun law, abortion, marriage and race-based law. He argues that many of the justices are activists, making policy on their own rather than interpreting the Constitution. He finds this to be troubling since justices are unelected and appointed for life. He calls for two constitutional amendments to remedy this—one that would abolish lifetime appointments for judges, and another to give Congress the power to override Supreme Court

neg: Supreme Court of the Bahamas the President of the Court of Appeal. The current Chief Justice of the Bahamas is The Hon. Sir Hartman Longley. Other justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Justice and Legal Services Commission. Article 94(3) of the Constitution states that there are to be no more than eleven justices and no less than two justices in the Supreme Court. The Article also states that only two justices may bear the title "Senior Justice". To qualify to become a justice of the Supreme Court, a person must have been a member of

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices used a variety of methods to deduce the specific perspective of each justice over time. Researchers have carefully analyzed the judicial rulings of the Supreme Court—the votes and written opinions of the justices—as well as their upbringing, their political party affiliation, their speeches, editorials written about them at the time of their Senate confirmation, and the political climate in which they are appointed, confirmed, and work. From this data, scholars have inferred the ideological leanings of each justice and how the justices are likely to vote on upcoming cases. Using statistical analysis of Supreme Court votes, scholars found that an

neg: Washington Supreme Court has been described as follows: Washington Supreme Court The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the US state of Washington. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices. Members of the Court are elected to six-year terms. Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75, per the Washington State Constitution. The Chief Justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term. The current Chief Justice is Mary Fairhurst who was elected by her peers on November 3,

neg: Washington Supreme Court Washington Supreme Court The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the US state of Washington. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices. Members of the Court are elected to six-year terms. Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75, per the Washington State Constitution. The Chief Justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term. The current Chief Justice is Mary Fairhurst who was elected by her peers on November 3, 2016. Chief Justice Mary Fairhurst

neg: Steven Truscott May 4: New forensic evidence was presented on his behalf, and Truscott testified before the Supreme Court of Canada, telling his story for the first time. Truscott and 25 other witnesses testified before the Court. After a two-week hearing before the Supreme Court, Canada’s top judges ruled 8-1 against Truscott getting a new trial, and he was returned to prison to serve the remainder of his sentence. The Supreme Court stated that “There were many incredibilities inherent in the evidence given by Truscott before us and we do not believe his testimony.” The joint opinion of Canada’s Supreme Court Justices

neg: Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands The Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands is the highest court in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands. The Supreme Court assumed jurisdiction over all appeals from the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, a trial level court, on January 29, 2007. There are three Supreme Court justices who are each appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Legislature for a ten-year term. If reconfirmed after this initial term, judges may continue serving during good behavior. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices. There is no

neg: Oregon Supreme Court Oregon Supreme Court Justices" The court has had a total of 106 individuals serve on the court since its creation during the territorial period. This has ranged from a membership of three justices to seven justices. Since 1913, the number of positions on the bench has been seven. Of the current membership, five are women and two are men. Overall, the court has had nine women compared to ninety-seven men serve on the court. Additionally, there are currently two openly gay justices on the court, and one African-American justice. Thomas A. Balmer is the most senior of the seven justices,

neg: Maine Supreme Judicial Court Court were: There is one active retired justice. Maine Supreme Judicial Court The Maine Supreme Judicial Court is the highest court in the state of Maine's judicial system. It is composed of seven justices, who are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Maine Senate. From 1820 until 1839, justices served lifetime appointments with a mandatory retirement age of 70. Beginning in 1839, justices are appointed for seven-year terms, with no limit on the number of terms that they may serve. Known as the Law Court when sitting as an appellate court, the Supreme Court's other functions include hearing

neg: Associate justice associate judge has the same responsibilities with respect to cases as the chief judge. An associate judge usually has fewer or different administrative responsibilities than the chief. On the Supreme Court of the United States, the most junior associate justice (currently Justice Brett Kavanaugh), has the task of answering the door when the Justices are in private conference. There are eight Associate Justices on the United States Supreme Court, and three associate justices on the Supreme Court of the Federated States of Micronesia. The function of associate justices vary depending on the Court they preside in. In the Australian state

neg: Supreme Court of Ohio Governor of Ohio may appoint a Justice to the Court when there is a vacancy. Officially, the judicial elections are non-partisan. However, in practical terms, all this means is that party designations for the candidates are left off the ballot and justices are restricted in making public political statements. Major and minor parties all nominate candidates for the court in their primary elections. The vast majority of justices have been nominated by the two major parties in Ohio, Democratic or Republican. Many of the individuals who have contested Supreme Court seats have also contested for explicitly partisan political offices, both

neg: Privacy and the US government are decided by unelected Supreme Court justices. After the Roe v. Wade decision, some argued that the decision was an "illegitimate resurrection of the substantive due process doctrine of Lochner v. New York". Similarly, people who wish to follow a strict interpretation of the Constitution argue that the first privacy case, Griswold v. Connecticut can serve as a form of judicial legislation for a right not explicitly stated in the United States Constitution. Another cause of concern for domestic courts, is how they handle international policy; for example how should the Supreme court handle cases regarding foreign countries that believe

neg: Supreme Court of Nevada as the power to determine the jurisdiction of that court. There are seven Justices on the court, who are elected to six-year terms in officially nonpartisan elections and who are not subject to term limits, which were rejected by voters in 1996. The Governor appoints Justices in the case of a vacancy. The most senior justice becomes Chief Justice for a two-year term. When Nevada was admitted to the federal union in 1864, three justices were elected to the Supreme Court for a term of six years. This was increased to five justices in 1967, and to seven justices in

neg: University of Pennsylvania Law School daily. Among the school's alumni are a US Supreme Court Justice, several state Supreme Court Justices and supreme court justices of foreign countries, as well as several founders of law firms, university presidents and deans, business entrepreneurs, and politicians. According to Penn's 2014 ABA-required disclosures, 94.24% of the Class of 2014 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners. The law school was ranked # 2 of all law schools nationwide by the "National Law Journal" in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US (52.2%).

neg: Supreme court Court ("Supremo Tribunal Militar"). Presently, in time of peace, the supreme court for military justice matters is the Supreme Court of Justice, which now includes four military judges. In the Republic of China (Taiwan), there are three different courts of last resort: The Council of Grand Justices, consisting of 15 justices and mainly dealing with constitutional issues, is the counterpart of constitutional courts in some countries. All three courts are directly under the Judicial Yuan, whose president also serves as Chief Justice in the Council of Grand Justices. Founded by papal bull in 1532, the Court of Session is the

neg: Judge state is called the Supreme Court of New York, and its judges are called "justices". The next highest appellate court is the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, whose judges are also called "justices". However, the highest court in New York is called the New York Court of Appeals, whose members are called "judges". Judges in certain jurisdictions, such as New York and New Jersey, who deal with guardianships, trusts and estates are known as "surrogates." A "senior judge," in US practice, is a retired judge who handles selected cases for a governmental entity while in retirement, on a part-time basis. Subordinate

neg: Supreme Administrative Court of Finland organized into three chambers of five Justices. In addition, there are 16 Expert Counsellors. In cases concerning water, environmental protection and intellectual property, the chamber is composed of five Justices and two Expert Counsellors. In 2011, the Court processed 4044 cases, with an average time of hearing of 12.2 months. Supreme Administrative Court of Finland The Supreme Administrative Court of Finland (, ) is the highest court in the Finnish administrative court system, parallel to the Supreme Court of Finland. Its jurisdiction covers the legality of the decisions of government officials, and its decisions are final. Appeals are made to

neg: Vermont Supreme Court Vermont Supreme Court The Vermont Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority of the U.S. state of Vermont. Unlike most other states, the Vermont Supreme Court hears appeals directly from the trial courts, as Vermont has no intermediate appeals court. The Court consists of a chief justice and four associate justices; the Court mostly hears appeals of cases that have been decided by other courts. The Supreme Court justices are appointed by the Governor of Vermont with confirmation by the Vermont Senate. When a judicial vacancy occurs, the judicial nominating board submits to the governor the names of as many

neg: Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States can assign the responsibility to him- or herself. The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts. Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at

neg: North Dakota Supreme Court North Dakota Supreme Court The North Dakota Supreme Court is the highest court of law in the state of North Dakota. The Court rules on questions of law in appeals from the state's district courts. Each of the five justices are elected on a no-party ballot for ten year terms, arranged such that one seat is contested every two years. The Chief Justice is elected from the Justices every five years (or upon vacancy) by vote of the Supreme Court justices and the District Court judges. The justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court are currently: The Supreme Court is

neg: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States seniority. The senior associate justice is also tasked with carrying out the chief justices's duties when he is unable to, or if that office is vacant. Historically, associate justices were styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions and other writings. The title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice. There are eight associate justices on the Supreme Court. The justices, ordered by seniority, are: An associate justice who leaves the Supreme Court after attaining the age and meeting the service requirements prescribed by federal statute () may retire rather than resign.

neg: Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories also abolished the Supreme Court of the North-West Territories. Half of the judges of the Supreme Court were appointed to the Supreme Court of Alberta, and the other judges were appointed to the Supreme Court of Saskatchewan. The judges of the Court were appointed by the Governor General, on the advice of the federal Cabinet. There were originally three justices of the Court, but by the time of the abolition of the Court, it had grown to six justices: the Chief Justice and five puisne justices. The justices held office on good behaviour, but were removable by the Governor General,

neg: Greenhouse effect (United States Supreme Court) often. In the court's case, this means Justices may be more influenced by elites than by the public. Regardless of the cause, it is well established that many Supreme Court Justices exhibit sizable shifts in voting patterns over their careers, much more so than would be expected for experienced jurists who are chosen for life service on the nation's highest court. Lawrence Baum found some evidence that supports the effect's existence. However, the research is not definitive at this point in time, as it is hampered by the small sample size of Supreme Court justices in the modern era. Furthermore,

neg: Arizona Supreme Court party affiliation. Justices are then retained for an initial period, after which they are subject to a retention election. If the justice wins the election, his/her term is six years. The current Arizona Supreme Court includes: The court started in 1912 with 3 justices, they were Alfred Franklin, Donald L. Cunningham, and Henry D. Ross and took office on February 14, 1912. In 1949, the Court expanded from 3 to 5 justices. In 2016, the Court expanded from 5 to 7 justices. Arizona Supreme Court The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona.

neg: Judiciary may not qualify to sit alone until they have served for five years, and have been appointed by the Supreme Court of Japan. Judges require ten years of experience in practical affairs, as a public prosecutor or practicing attorney. In the Japanese judicial branch there is the Supreme Court, eight high courts, fifty district courts, fifty family courts, and 438 summary courts. Justices of the Mexican Supreme Court are appointed by the President of Mexico, and then are approved by the Mexican Senate to serve for a life term. Other justices are appointed by the Supreme Court and serve for

neg: Term limits in the United States while 35% disapproved. When asked how old is too old for a Supreme Court judge to serve if he or she seems healthy, 48% said "no limit as long as he or she is healthy", while 31% agreed that anyone over the age of 70 is too old. Some state lawmakers have officially expressed to Congress a desire for a federal constitutional amendment to limit terms of Supreme Court justices as well as of judges of federal courts below the Supreme Court level. While there might be others, below are three known examples: Term limits for state officials have existed

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States justices have ever hailed from states admitted after or during the Civil War. Nineteen states have never produced a Supreme Court Justice; in chronological order of admission to the Union these are: In contrast, some states have been over-represented, partly because there were fewer states from which early justices could be appointed. New York has produced fifteen justices, Ohio ten, Massachusetts nine, Virginia eight, six each from Pennsylvania and Tennessee, and five from Kentucky, Maryland, and New Jersey. A handful of justices were born outside the United States, mostly from among the earliest justices on the Court. These included James

neg: Supreme People's Court of Vietnam Justices consists of the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justices, and other justices of the Supreme People's Court as appointed by the National Assembly on nomination by the President. It must have at least 13 members, and at most 17 members. Appeals are heard by panels of five justices, or by the entire Council of Justices when appropriate under law. Supreme People's Court of Vietnam The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam () is the highest court of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Supreme People's Court is one of the two institutions at the apex of the judicial system of

neg: Supreme Court of Nepal Supreme Court of Nepal The Supreme Court of Nepal () is the highest court in Nepal. It has appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the seven High Courts (including eleven Benches of the High Courts) and extraordinary original jurisdiction. The court consists of twenty Justices and one Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice, twenty Justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council. S/he is appointed from among the justices having at least three years as a Supreme Court justice. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the

neg: Kansas Supreme Court distributed unfairly. It then recommend the Kansas legislature increase funding to schools and change the way the money was distributed. Many Republicans saw this as an act of judicial activism leading to some calls for changes in how justices are selected. The Court ruled in "Kansas v. Marsh" that the Kansas Death Penalty was unconstitutional because the Eighth Amendment prohibits imposing death when mitigating and aggravating sentencing factors were equally balanced. The United States Supreme Court disagreed and reversed in a 5–4 decision. The Court unanimously allowed then Attorney General Phill Kline to examine the abortion records of 90 women

neg: Turks and Caicos Islands in the Turks Islands and eleven in the Caicos Islands). The judicial branch of government is headed by a Supreme Court; appeals are heard by the Court of Appeal and final appeals by the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. There are three justices of the Supreme Court, a Chief Justice and two others. The Court of Appeal consists of a president and at least two justices of appeal. Magistrates' Courts are the lower courts and appeals from Magistrates' Courts are sent to the Supreme Court. As of September 2014, the Chief Justice is Justice Margaret Ramsay-Hale. Eight

neg: Supreme Court of Finland precedent, involves an error in procedure or there are other weighty reasons. The application must further indicate the reasons on the basis of which the applicant considers that there are grounds for granting leave to appeal. In brief, the application for leave to appeal must set out the grounds. The President and other members (justices) of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of the Republic. As of 1 January 2016, the President is Timo Esko. The justices of the Supreme Court have usually earlier experience from different branches of the legal profession, most often in courts of law,

neg: Idaho Supreme Court Idaho Supreme Court The Idaho Supreme Court is the state supreme court of Idaho and is composed of the chief justice and four associate justices. The decisions of the Idaho Supreme Court are binding on all other Idaho state courts. The only court that may reverse or modify its decisions is the Supreme Court of the United States. Justices are elected in non-partisan statewide elections and serve staggered six-year terms. Elections are held in the state primary, now in the spring, with run-off elections in November. The Chief Justice is selected by an election among the five justices and term

neg: Judiciary of Oklahoma Supreme Court; there is no appeal from these court decisions. The Oklahoma Supreme Court is Oklahoma’s court of last resort in all civil matters and all matters concerning the Oklahoma Constitution. It consists of nine justices appointed by the governor to serve life terms, but unlike U.S. Supreme Court justices, they are subject to an election every six years in which voters choose whether or not to retain them. Each justice must be at least 30 years old, have previously been licensed as an attorney for five years, and have lived for at least one year in the Supreme Court

neg: High Court of Australia with a state or territory Supreme Court. There are no other formal requirements. The appointment process stands in stark contrast with the highly public selection and confirmation process for justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. While there are people who are critical of the secrecy of the process and who advocate a more public method for appointments, there are relatively few who dispute the quality of appointees. Three Chief Justices (Sir Adrian Knox, Sir John Latham and Sir Garfield Barwick) had previously been conservative politicians prior to their appointment. However, there is frequent criticism of Barwick's intervention

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States identified himself as an agnostic, though he remained proud of his Jewish heritage. Unlike the offices of President, U.S. Representative, and U.S. Senator, there is no minimum age for Supreme Court justices set forth in the United States Constitution. However, justices tend to be appointed after having made significant achievements in law or politics, which excludes many young potential candidates from consideration. At the same time, justices appointed at too advanced an age will likely have short tenures on the Court. The youngest justice ever appointed was Joseph Story, 32 at the time of his appointment in 1812; the oldest

neg: Supreme Court of Thailand majority of votes among justices in the quorum after each of justice’s written opinion and oral statement to the meeting before making a decision. After being reviewed and brought through the initial process of administrative work, the appeals against judgment of the lower courts to the Supreme Court will be assigned to justices of the Supreme Court by the President of the Supreme Court on a case by case basis. This process often takes approximately 15 days. However, there are some kinds of special cases such as intellectual property, tax, bankruptcy, and, international trade which are the exception. In addition,

neg: Connecticut Supreme Court Connecticut Supreme Court The Connecticut Supreme Court, formerly known as the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors, is the highest court in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. The seven justices sit in Hartford, across the street from the Connecticut State Capitol. It generally holds eight sessions of two to three weeks per year, with one session each September through November and January through May. Justices are appointed by the governor and then approved by the Connecticut General Assembly. The current Connecticut Supreme Court includes: Justices must retire upon reaching the age

neg: Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada replace the Court Martial Appeal Board. Due to the court's small caseload, justices of the CMAC are cross-appointed from justices of provincial superior courts and the Federal Court and Federal Court of Appeal. Appeals from the CMAC lie with the Supreme Court of Canada. Appeals require leave from the Supreme Court, unless a justice of the CMAC dissents on a question of law, in which case there is an appeal as of right to the Supreme Court. Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada The Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada (CMAC) () hears appeals from Courts-martial of Canada ("courts martial").

neg: Supreme Court of South Korea to the Supreme Court and the right to appoint judges of the inferior courts. The current Chief Justice is Kim Myeong‐soo. The 13 other Justices are appointed to the court by the President on the recommendation of the Chief Justice and the consent of the National Assembly, and serve renewable terms of six years. By law, to be eligible for appointment to the Supreme Court, a person must be over 40, and have spent at least 15 years: For the most part, Supreme Court Justices are appointed from the bench. Supreme Court Justices are required to retire at age 70.

neg: Supreme Court of Puerto Rico Supreme Court holds its sessions in San Juan. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was established by the Foraker Act in 1900 and maintained in the 1952 Constitution of Puerto Rico. It is the only appellate court required by the Constitution. All other courts are created by the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico. However, since Puerto Rico is under United States sovereignty, there is also a Federal District Court for the island. The justices (currently nine) are appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico and confirmed by majority vote by the Senate. One of these nine justices serves as Chief

neg: Government of New Jersey of the State Constitution. The state court system of New Jersey comprises the New Jersey Supreme Court, the state supreme court, and many lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. It hears appeals from the Appellate Courts. It has the capacity, rarely exercised, to look into other cases within the judicial and executive branches. The Court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they

neg: Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal) Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal) The Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal) is at the top of the hierarchy of courts for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Legally, the Court of Appeal is the appeal division of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador and derives its powers and jurisdiction from the Judicature Amendment Act, 1974. The separate Court of Appeal was established in 1975 and comprises the Chief Justice and 5 other justices. At any given time there may be one or more additional justices who sit as supernumerary justices.

neg: Supreme Court of Iceland The Court operates in two divisions, where either three or five justices sit to hear a case before the Court. For especially important cases, the President of the Court may decide that the bench be constituted by seven justices. When a case is heard by five or seven justices, these shall usually be the most senior justices on the Court. The main rule is that cases are presented orally before the Supreme Court, and the court sessions are generally open to the public. The President of the Supreme Court presides over the session or, in his absence, the Vice-President. If

neg: South Carolina government and politics whole court, or as three panels with three judges each. The court may preside in any county. The South Carolina Supreme Court is the state supreme court. The Chief Justice and four Associate Justices are elected to staggered ten-year terms. There are no limits on the number of terms a justice may serve, but there is a mandatory retirement age of 72. The overwhelming majority of vacancies on the Court occur when Justices reach this age, not through the refusal of the General Assembly to elect a sitting Justice to another term. South Carolina has had seven constitutions: Since 1895,

neg: Judiciary of Nevada Judiciary of Nevada The Nevada Judiciary is the judicial branch of the Government of Nevada, which is responsible for applying the Constitution and law of Nevada. It consists of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, district courts, justice courts, and municipal courts. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of the judiciary. The Supreme Court of Nevada is the state supreme court, the state's highest appellate court. The Supreme Court consists of seven justices; the longest-serving member is the Chief Justice, and the rest are associate justices. Each justice is elected statewide for a six-year term. The six associate justices are

neg: Supreme Court of Mississippi the appropriate cases to the Court of Appeals and retains the cases over which it has exclusive jurisdiction. After the Court of Appeals makes its ruling, aggrieved parties in certain types of cases there may seek further review from the Mississippi Supreme Court by petitioning for a Writ of Certiorari. The court is made up of a total of nine justices - one chief, two presiding, and six associate justices. Generally, the justices are elected for eight-year terms, with staggered election years, from three geographical districts (three judges per district) to ensure fair representation. However, it is common for the

neg: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States After retirement, they keep their title, and by custom may also keep a set of chambers in the Supreme Court building, and employ law clerks. The names of retired associate justices continue to appear alongside those of the active justices in the bound volumes of Supreme Court decisions. Federal statute () provides that retired Supreme Court justices may serve—if designated and assigned by the chief justice—on panels of the U.S. courts of appeals, or on the U.S. district courts. Retired justices are not, however, authorized to take part in the consideration or decision of any cases before the Supreme Court

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan 1958. Despite rulings, there was a split decision between the moderation justices, including Chief Justice Rahman, and conservative leaning justices of the Supreme Court who "condoned" the actions in the light of "doctrine of necessity". The "de jure" powers of the Supreme Court has increased since presiding the War Enquiry Commission in 1974, intervening in events that Supreme Court justices viewed as violation of human rights by the executive's authorities. In 1977, the Supreme Court had again legalized the martial law in 1977 in the light of "doctrine of necessity" and denied took petitions to review its decision. During this

neg: Supreme Court of Finland but also in the drafting of legislation, academic positions and as legal practitioners. According to law, the Supreme Court must have a President and at least 15 members. The Court now consists of 18 members. The average age of the current justices, while having been appointed, is 48. Like many other Finnish employees, the justices must retire at 68. Otherwise, they enjoy the constitutional right to remain in office, unless they are impeached by the High Court of Impeachment or found medically incapable by the Supreme Court. The referendaries enjoy a similar constitutional right to remain in office, but their

neg: Nova Scotia Supreme Court Nova Scotia Supreme Court The Nova Scotia Supreme Court is a superior court in the province of Nova Scotia. The Supreme Court consists of 25 judicial seats including the position of Chief Justice and Associate Chief Justice. At any given time there may be one or more additional justices who sit as supernumerary justices. The justices sit in 18 different locations around the province. As with all superior courts across the country, the court is said to have inherent jurisdiction. It hears civil and criminal trials. The criminal trials can be judge alone or judge and jury. The court will

neg: Supreme Court of the United States (1889–1910), born in Smyrna, Turkey; George Sutherland (1922–1939), born in Buckinghamshire, England; and Felix Frankfurter (1939–1962), born in Vienna, Austria. There are currently four living retired justices of the Supreme Court of the United States: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day O'Connor, Anthony Kennedy, and David Souter. As retired justices, they no longer participate in the work of the Supreme Court, but may be designated for temporary assignments to sit on lower federal courts, usually the United States Courts of Appeals. Such assignments are formally made by the Chief Justice, on request of the chief judge of the lower court and

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan general elections successfully oversaw the transition of power from the office of Chief Executive to Prime minister. The legalization of Contempt of court act further strengthened the judicial independence of the Supreme Court in 2004 when Shaukat Aziz became prime minister. The justices and jurists of the supreme court are set to retire at the age of 65, unless the jurists sooner resign or are removed from office, or records written reasons for deviating from this rule in accordance with the Constitution. By an act of parliament of 1997, there is a fixed number of justices at 17 and, as

neg: Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States on the Supreme Court since 1789. Justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. Justices are nominated by the president and then confirmed by the U.S. Senate. A nomination to the Court is considered to be official when the Senate receives a signed nomination letter from the president naming the nominee, which is then entered in the Senate's record. There have been 37 unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States. Of these, 11 nominees were rejected in Senate roll-call votes, 11 were

neg: Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island the passage of the "Judicature Act", the Supreme Court was stripped of its corresponding Appeal Division, now assigned to the newly created Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island, while the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island remained as a single-division superior court. All former justices of the Supreme Court (Trial Division) became justices of the Supreme Court. Pursuant to the "Constitution Act, 1867", the Supreme Court is operated by the provincial government, while its justices are appointed by the Governor General of Canada, on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Section 96 of the "Constitution Act" has

neg: Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. The procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States are governed by the U.S. Constitution, various federal statutes, and the Court's own internal rules. Since 1869, the Court has consisted of one chief justice and eight associate justices. Justices are nominated by the president, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the U.S. Senate, appointed to the Court by the president. Once appointed, justices have lifetime tenure unless they resign,

neg: Senior status the president may appoint new full-time judges to fill their spots. Depending on how heavy a caseload they carry, senior judges remain entitled to maintain a staffed office, including a secretary and one or more law clerks. States having a similar system include Iowa (for judges on the Iowa Court of Appeals), Pennsylvania, and Virginia (for Justices of the Virginia Supreme Court). In the United Kingdom, retired Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and certain other retired senior British judges may, at the request of the President of the Supreme Court, sit as "acting judges" on a

neg: Texas Courts of Appeals law or other basis for application of a different jurisdiction's law. Not infrequently the federal district courts sitting in Texas and the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals make guesses as to how the Texas Supreme Court would rule on an issue of state law that is still unsettled due to a conflict among the intermediate courts of appeals. Such an issue may also be referred to the Texas Supreme Court by certified question, but this procedure is rarely employed. Like the Justices of the Texas Supreme Court and the Judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Justices of

neg: Supreme Court of Indonesia Judicial Commission. If the House of Representatives approves them, their appointment is then confirmed by the president. As of mid 2011, there was a total of 804 courts of various kinds in Indonesia. About 50 justices sat in the Supreme Court while other high and lower courts across Indonesia employed around 7,000 judges. Officially, the Supreme Court consists of 51 justices divided into 8 chambers. The chief justice and his or her deputy is elected by the Supreme Court justices from among the members of the court. Sometimes the process is controversial and attracts public criticism. For example, in early

neg: Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden leave to appeal must be obtained, which is typically only granted when the case is of interest as a precedent. The bulk of its caseload consist of taxation and social security cases. Justices of the Supreme Administrative Court (the Swedish term is "justitieråd") are appointed by government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Riksdag, and the government is not able to interfere with the decisions of the court. By law, there shall be fourteen Justices of the Supreme Administrative Court or such a higher a number as may be required, at the government's discretion. As of

neg: Maine Supreme Judicial Court Maine Supreme Judicial Court The Maine Supreme Judicial Court is the highest court in the state of Maine's judicial system. It is composed of seven justices, who are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Maine Senate. From 1820 until 1839, justices served lifetime appointments with a mandatory retirement age of 70. Beginning in 1839, justices are appointed for seven-year terms, with no limit on the number of terms that they may serve. Known as the Law Court when sitting as an appellate court, the Supreme Court's other functions include hearing appeals of sentences longer than one year of

neg: Government of Oklahoma of a civil nature, and the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals decides criminal matters. Unlike the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeal has mandatory review jurisdiction whenever a sentence from a lower court involved the death sentence. Court of Appeal justices are selected, confirmed, and ratified in the same manner as the justices of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. The state created the Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals because the Oklahoma Supreme Court had neither the time nor resources to hear every case brought before it. When a case is brought before the state supreme court, the justices can choose

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States Fortas, was unsuccessfully nominated to be chief justice. The table below shows the religious affiliation of each of the justices sitting : Most Supreme Court justices have been Protestant Christians. These have included 33 Episcopalians, 18 Presbyterians, nine Unitarians, five Methodists, three Baptists, and lone representatives of various other denominations. William Rehnquist was the Court's only Lutheran. Noah Swayne was a Quaker. Some 15 Protestant justices did not adhere to a particular denomination. The religious beliefs of James Wilson, one of the earliest Justices, have been the subject of some dispute, as there are writings from various points of his

neg: Supreme Court of Tonga The justices are appointed by the monarch and are usually foreign nationals from Commonwealth jurisdictions. Supreme court justices are appointed for two-year terms, which are renewable. Supreme Court of Tonga The Supreme Court of Tonga is the superior court in Tonga. It hears criminal and civil cases and acts as an appellate court for Tonga's inferior courts, the Magistrates' Courts. The Supreme Court can hear appeals as of right from any judgment or decision of the Magistrates' Courts. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction to try civil matters when the amount in dispute exceeds T$500 and in all matters of

neg: California courts of appeal extensive judicial misconduct. When there is a vacancy on the Supreme Court of California, or if a Supreme Court justice recuses him or herself from a case, a Court of Appeal justice is temporarily assigned to hear each Supreme Court case requiring such assignment. When there are vacancies on the Court of Appeal, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court temporarily assigns a judge from the superior court to sit as a Court of Appeal justice. Some of the appellate districts (First and Second) are divided into divisions that have four appellate justices, who are randomly selected to form three-justice

neg: Freedom suit petitions were heard by the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, consisting of one chief justice and two associate justices. Many judges who were later appointed to the US Supreme Court started in this lower court. Despite being a federal branch of the court system, the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia acted as both a lower and appellate court for nearby jurisdictions. The papers of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia are held by the National Archives. The digital project "O Say Can You See: Early Washington D.C., Law & Family" has collected and digitized

neg: Massachusetts Judicial branch is headed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, which serves over a number of lower courts. The Supreme Judicial Court is made up of a chief justice and six associate justices. Judicial appointments are made by the governor and confirmed by the executive council. The Congressional delegation from Massachusetts is entirely Democratic. Currently, the US senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey. The members of the state's delegation to the US House of Representatives are Richard Neal, Jim McGovern, Niki Tsongas, Joseph Kennedy III, Katherine Clark, Seth Moulton, Mike Capuano, Stephen Lynch, and Bill Keating. Federal court

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan Chaudhry. There were three groups of removed justices: The Supreme Court bench that rendered the decision consisted entirely of justices who had taken oath under the PCO of 1999 themselves, but were already sitting justices of the higher judiciary at the time and had taken a constitutional oath. The 1999 PCO and decisions made under it were given constitutional protection by Seventeenth amendment. This decision has resulted in situations where: Critics of the decision question the fact that some PCO judges are still working and some non-PCO judges have been sacked. Removed ad hoc judges of the Lahore High Court

neg: Utah Supreme Court Utah Supreme Court The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah, United States. It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution. The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members: a chief justice, an associate chief justice, and three justices. All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah, with confirmation by the Utah Senate. The five justices vote among themselves for the position of chief justice and associate chief justice, who each serve a term of four years. In 1850, the United States Congress passed "An Act to Establish a Territorial Government

neg: Idaho Supreme Court defeated since 1944. After Trout's retirement in 2007, no women were on the court until the election of Robyn Brody in 2016 to a vacant seat; she is the only justice on the current court not first appointed. Idaho Supreme Court The Idaho Supreme Court is the state supreme court of Idaho and is composed of the chief justice and four associate justices. The decisions of the Idaho Supreme Court are binding on all other Idaho state courts. The only court that may reverse or modify its decisions is the Supreme Court of the United States. Justices are elected in

neg: Supreme Court of Nigeria highest state courts. Decisions rendered by the court are binding on all courts in Nigeria except the Supreme Court itself. The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice of Nigeria and such number of justices not more than 21, appointed by the President on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, (NJC) and subject to confirmation by the Senate. Justices of the Supreme Court must be qualified to practice law in Nigeria, and must have been so qualified for a period not less than fifteen years. Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria have a mandatory retirement age of

neg: Judiciary of Vermont state appellate court, mainly hearing appeals on questions of law from lower courts, although there are a few instances in which the Court has original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court also is responsible for administration of the Vermont court system; it makes state court procedural rules. The Supreme Court is established in the Vermont Constitution which provides in section 29 that the court shall consist of a chief justice and four associate justices and in section 30 that: In 2008, justices were paid $129,245 annually. This ranks 41st in the nation. The state constitution provides for the creation of lower courts

neg: Supreme Court of Tasmania exceptional circumstances. The Court receives appeals from Magistrate Courts in Tasmania in both criminal and civil matters. Committal proceedings, which are used in criminal matters to establish whether there is sufficient evidence against an accused person to warrant the time and expense of a trial, were abolished in Tasmania in 2000 with the amendment of the "Justices Act 1959" (Tas). The "Justices Act 1959" now provides that where there has been a plea of not guilty by an accused, there must be an order committing them for trial in the Supreme Court. Unlike some other Australian states, Tasmania does not

neg: Term limits in the United States that, because vacancies in the court are occurring with less frequency and justices served on average, between 1971 and 2006, for 26.1 years, the "efficacy of the democratic check that the appointment process provides on the Court's membership" is reduced. There have been several similar proposals to implement term limits for the nation's highest court, including Professor of Law at Duke University, Paul Carrington's 2005 "The Supreme Court Renewal Act of 2005". Many of the proposals center around a term limit for Justices that would be 18 years (Larry Sabato, Professor of Political Science at University of Virginia, suggested between

neg: Supreme Court of Honduras Supreme Court of Honduras The Supreme Court of Honduras (; CSJ) is the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Honduras. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in Honduras. There are four chambers — civil, criminal, constitutional, and labor — with a certain number of justices assigned to each chamber as established in the 316th article of the Constitution. It has fourteen constitutional powers and duties, including: The court has 15 Judges: The process of selecting new members of the Supreme Court of Honduras is sui generis, involving the participation of various sectors of civil society. Judges are elected

neg: North Carolina Supreme Court for the first time (that majority ended in 2014 with the retirement of Chief Justice Sarah Parker). The Supreme Court is housed in the Law and Justice Building, located across from the North Carolina State Capitol in Raleigh, North Carolina. The building was built in 1940 and underwent major renovations in 2005–2007. In 1975 a new seal was adopted. The old Latin phrase Suum cuique was amended to Suum cuique tribuere. The Court's current (January 2017) members are: "Note that dates are for service as Chief Justice only. Many Chief Justices have also served as associate justices." North Carolina Supreme

neg: Supreme Court of the United States of a chief justice, currently John Roberts, and eight associate justices. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of days () as of ; the most recent justice to join the court is Brett Kavanaugh, whose tenure began on October 6, 2018. This graphical timeline depicts the length of each current Supreme Court justice's tenure (not seniority) on the Court: The Court currently has six male and three female justices. Among the nine justices, there is one African-American (Justice Thomas) and one Hispanic (Justice Sotomayor). Two of the justices were born

neg: Supreme Court of Palau of land interests. The Supreme Court also handles disciplinary and other special proceedings. The Supreme Court comprises a Chief Justice, Arthur Ngiraklsong, and three Associate Justices, Kathleen M. Salii, M. Lourdes Materne, and R. Ashby Pate. Other judges are invited to sit on an as-needed basis as Associate Justices Pro Tem or Part-Time Associate Justices. Palau Supreme Court was created in 1981, pursuant to Article X of the Constitution. Mamoru Nakamura was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Educated in Hawaii and Oregon, Justice Nakamura worked in a variety of legal capacities in Micronesia before being appointed the

neg: Arkansas Supreme Court increase the number to seven, which it did a year later by Act 205 of 1925. Arkansas Supreme Court The Arkansas Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Since 1925, it has consisted of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices, and at times Special Justices are called upon in the absence of a regular justice. The Justices are elected in a non-partisan election for eight-year-long terms that are staggered to make it unlikely that the entire court would be replaced in a single election. Any vacancy caused by a Justice not finishing his or

neg: Arkansas Supreme Court Arkansas Supreme Court The Arkansas Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Since 1925, it has consisted of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices, and at times Special Justices are called upon in the absence of a regular justice. The Justices are elected in a non-partisan election for eight-year-long terms that are staggered to make it unlikely that the entire court would be replaced in a single election. Any vacancy caused by a Justice not finishing his or her term is filled by an appointment made by the Governor of Arkansas. The current Arkansas

neg: Supreme Court of Justice (Austria) 2018, the exact number of sitting justices is 61. As with any other court in the Austrian general courts system, Supreme Court justices are professional judges; they have graduated from law school, done several months of internship-type practical work in an actual courthouse, received four years of post-graduate training, and passed a special exam. Supreme Court justices cannot be members of a national or provincial cabinet or legislative body. The responsibility for appointing justices is vested in the President of Austria, but the president can and usually does delegate this task to the minister of justice. The court maintains a

neg: Amendments to the Constitution of Canada Court Act is considered part of the Constitution, this change would require a constitutional amendment. Bill C-323 died on the table when Parliament was dissolved for the May election. In Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6 2014 SCC 21, a majority of the Supreme Court rule that clauses concerning the appointment of Justices from Quebec are entrenched. Amending the Canadian Constitution is a topic of great debate in Canada. There seems to be general agreement among provincial governments that some parts of the Constitution need to be amended to deal with long-standing demands from many provinces. There

neg: Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands experienced in its history. Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands The Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands is the highest court in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands. The Supreme Court assumed jurisdiction over all appeals from the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, a trial level court, on January 29, 2007. There are three Supreme Court justices who are each appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Legislature for a ten-year term. If reconfirmed after this initial term, judges may continue serving during good behavior. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate

neg: Maine Superior Court the general jurisdiction trial court, replacing the Maine Supreme Court justices who traveled from county to county to sit in trial terms ("Nisi Prius") in those counties without their own Superior Court. The presiding justices from the Superior Courts in four counties (Androscoggin, Cumberland, Kennebec, and Penobscot) continued to serve on the statewide Superior Court. The Supreme Judicial Court was reduced from eight justices to six justices as a result of vacancies. Maine Superior Court The Maine Superior Court is the trial court of general jurisdiction in the Maine state court system. All state jury trials are held in the

neg: Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing The image at right is a front view of the US Supreme Court (SCOTUS). It can be found on the SCOTUS website as an element in the headings for various pages of that site, for example, these: https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx - Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court; https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/about.aspx - About the Supreme Court; and https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/courtbuilding.aspx - The Supreme Court Building. The image can also be found in isolation: https://www.supremecourt.gov/images/sectionbanner13.png - All of these files are stored on the SCOTUS server, and they can be accessed by clicking on the respective hyperlinks. Those links are all deep links. The link to