query: what is the capital of bolivia in south america

pos: Bolivia were the country's first judicial election in October 2011, and five municipal special elections held in 2011. Bolivia has its constitutionally recognized capital in Sucre, while La Paz is the seat of government. La Plata (now Sucre) was proclaimed provisional capital of the newly independent Alto Perú (later, Bolivia) on 1 July 1826. On 12 July 1839, President José Miguel de Velasco proclaimed a law naming the city as the capital of Bolivia, and renaming it in honor of the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre. The Bolivian seat of government moved to La Paz at the start of the

pos: Bolivia for the results in the Odesur 2018 Games held in Cochabamba. Bolivia Bolivia (; ; ; ; ), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia. The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks

pos: Bolivia Bolivia Bolivia (; ; ; ; ), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia. The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated

pos: Sucre capital of Bolivia, and renaming it in honor of the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre. After the economic decline of Potosí and its silver industry, Sucre lost the Bolivian seat of government when it was moved to La Paz in 1898. Many argue Sucre was the location of the beginning of the Latin American independence movement against Spain. The first "Grito Libertario" (Shout for Freedom) in any Western Hemisphere Spanish colony is said to have taken place in Sucre in 1809. From that point of view, Bolivia was the last Spanish imperial territory in South America to gain its

pos: La Paz of Bolivia, La Paz is the site of the Palacio Quemado, the presidential palace. It is also the seat of the Bolivian legislature, the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, and numerous government departments and agencies. The constitutional capital of Bolivia, Sucre, retains the judicial power. The city hosts numerous foreign embassies as well as international missions in the country. La Paz is an important political, administrative, economic, and sports center of Bolivia; it generates 25% of Bolivia's Gross Domestic Product and serves as the headquarters for numerous Bolivian companies and industries. La Paz is also an important cultural center of Latin America,

pos: Bolivia thereafter. Between 1438 and 1527, the Inca empire, during its expansion from its capital at Cuzco, Peru. It gained control over much of what is now Andean Bolivia and extended its control into the fringes of the Amazon basin. The Spanish conquest of the Inca empire began in 1524, and was mostly completed by 1533. The territory now called Bolivia was known as Charcas, and was under the authority of the Viceroy of Lima. Local government came from the Audiencia de Charcas located in Chuquisaca (La Plata—modern Sucre). Founded in 1545 as a mining town, Potosí soon produced fabulous wealth,

pos: Chuquisaca Department Chuquisaca Department Chuquisaca () (; ) is a department of Bolivia located in the center south. It borders on the departments of Cochabamba, Tarija, Potosí, and Santa Cruz. The departmental capital is Sucre, which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia. The department is traversed by the main cordillera of the Andes mountain range and lesser cordilleras. Parts of it lie within the basin of the Amazon River, and other parts within the basin of the Río de La Plata. The surface area of the department is 51,524 square kilometers. The topography of central Chuquisaca consists of a series of

pos: History of Bolivia (1809–1920) republic from the outside world and the difficulties of securing its borders. During Sucre's three-year rule, the government tried to solve its grave financial problems, which were aggravated by the lack of foreign credit. Sucre reformed the existing tax structure in an effort to finance public expenditures and tried to revive silver mining by attracting foreign capital and technology. In one of the most radical attacks on the church anywhere in Latin America, he confiscated church wealth in Bolivia and closed down many monasteries. The Roman Catholic Church in Bolivia never recovered the powerful role that it had held. Import

neg: TriMetals Mining Among the company's shareholders are Zamin Precious Minerals Limited and Izurium Capital. TriMetals Mining TriMetals Mining Inc. (formerly South American Silver Corporation) is a Canadian mining company that focuses on the exploration and development of properties in North America and South America. It currently owns two development-stage properties, Gold Springs and Escalones, and is pursuing international arbitration against Bolivia for the nationalization of the Malku Khota project. Gold Springs is located in the Nevada and Utah border, Malku Khota located in Bolivia and Escalones located in Chile. Malku Khota is considered one of the largest known undeveloped silver and indium

neg: Battle of Tarqui the Andean countries in South America had hoped to join what is now Peru and Bolivia to Gran Colombia, but Peru (including what is now parts of Bolivia) chose to remain a separate nation. (Bolivia had earlier declared independence in 1826.) The anniversary of the battle is marked as Army Day by the Ecuadorian Army. In 1828, José de Lamar the President of Peru, who had been born in Cuenca, was encouraged by influential citizens of Guayaquil to believe that the people of "el Austro" or the southern region of what is now Ecuador—including Cuenca, Guayaquil and Loja—would prefer to

neg: South America civilization in what is now Colombia. They established the Muisca Confederation of many clans, or "cacicazgos", that had a free trade network among themselves. They were goldsmiths and farmers. Other important Pre-Columbian cultures include: the Cañaris (in south central Ecuador), Chimú Empire (1300–1470, Peruvian northern coast), Chachapoyas, and the Aymaran kingdoms (1000–1450, Western Bolivia and southern Peru). Holding their capital at the great city of Cusco, the Inca civilization dominated the Andes region from 1438 to 1533. Known as "Tawantin suyu", and "the land of the four regions," in Quechua, the Inca Empire was highly distinct and developed. Inca rule

neg: Culture of Bolivia Culture of Bolivia Bolivia is a country in South America, bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the west, and Peru to the west. The cultural development of what is now Bolivia is divided into three distinct periods: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. Major ruins include Tiwanaku, Samaipata, Inkallaqta and Iskanwaya. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and hardly explored by archaeologists. The Spanish brought their own tradition of

neg: Culture of Bolivia contain strong Spanish influences. The most common musical instruments are: Culture of Bolivia Bolivia is a country in South America, bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the west, and Peru to the west. The cultural development of what is now Bolivia is divided into three distinct periods: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. Major ruins include Tiwanaku, Samaipata, Inkallaqta and Iskanwaya. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and hardly

neg: Pan-American Highway (South America) active stratovolcano in the Andes. It is the world's second highest () capital city, behind La Paz, Bolivia. Its 2001 population was 1,399,378 (census data). Points of interest include "Museo del Banco Central" (Museum of the Central Bank) and several parks, including "Parque Metropolitano" (Metropolitan Park), La Carolina, El Ejido, and La Alameda. Parque Metropolitano, with its is the largest urban park in South America and is larger than New York City's Central Park. From Quito, the highway continues south for 89 km next reaching Latacunga. Latacunga sits on a plateau, as capital of Cotopaxi province, near the confluence of

neg: Military history of South America were successful, and by early 1880, Bolivia had been forced to withdraw from the war entirely. The battle of Arica, another Chilean victory, saw the first use of land mines in South America. In January 1881, the Chileans took the Peruvian capital, Lima, and after several years of guerrilla warfare Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancón, by which Peru's Tarapacá Province was ceded to the victor; on its part, Bolivia was forced to cede Antofagasta. The balance of power with the indigenous peoples turned steadily in the favour of the newly independent states during the second half of

neg: Football in Bolivia Football in Bolivia Football is the most popular sport in Bolivia, where the first modern set of rules for the sport were established in 1923, which were a major influence on the development of the modern laws of the game. Bolivia has over 2,000 football clubs. Bolivia is home to one of the oldest football clubs (Oruro Royal) in South America. The top domestic league, the Liga Professional de Futbol Bolivia, is currently considered one of the most important leagues in South America. The country also is home to the famous Tahuichi Academy which has delivered a lot of Bolivian

neg: Bolivia, North Carolina is that many boxes being shipped from the area said "Bolivia", referring to the country in South America, and the people liked that name. A post office called Bolivia has been in operation since 1892. The town is named after Bolivia, in South America. Bolivia was incorporated as a town in 1911. National Airlines Flight 2511 blew up over Bolivia on January 6, 1960. The DC-6B was destroyed by an explosion of dynamite. When U.S. 17 was widened to four lanes, a bypass was constructed around Bolivia; intended to improve traffic, the highway drew away visitors and retail customers, causing

neg: South America Andes (whose highest mountain is Aconcagua at ); the driest non-polar place on earth, the Atacama Desert; the largest rainforest, the Amazon Rainforest; the highest capital city, La Paz, Bolivia; the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, Lake Titicaca; and, excluding research stations in Antarctica, the world's southernmost permanently inhabited community, Puerto Toro, Chile. South America's major mineral resources are gold, silver, copper, iron ore, tin, and petroleum. These resources found in South America have brought high income to its countries especially in times of war or of rapid economic growth by industrialized countries elsewhere. However, the concentration in

neg: Geology of Bolivia to the border with Brazil lies the Guaporé Shield, made up of stable Precambrian crystalline rock. The Andes of Bolivia began to rise about 200 million years ago (mya) during the Jurassic. The western margin of what is now South America had been the place of several other orogenies before the Andes rose. It has been hypothesized that the central Andes gained its great height 26 to 14 mya as result of a compressive failure of the lithosphere beneath Bolivia and neighboring areas. The great heights of the Altiplano, Codillera Occidental and Cordillera Oriental are isostatically compensated by an up

neg: Mennonites in Bolivia sentences for the convicted men, an investigation in 2013 reported continuing cases of similar assaults and other sexual abuses. Mennonites in Bolivia The Mennonites in Bolivia are mostly so-called Russian Mennonites who are descendants of Friesian, Flemish and North German people who came to South America starting in 1927. In the 16th century, groups of Mennonites started to migrate from what is today the Netherlands and Belgium to Danzig and the Vistula delta region. There they lived among Germans and adopted the dialect of the area, even though they retained the Dutch language as sacred language until the middle of

neg: Mennonites in Bolivia Mennonites in Bolivia The Mennonites in Bolivia are mostly so-called Russian Mennonites who are descendants of Friesian, Flemish and North German people who came to South America starting in 1927. In the 16th century, groups of Mennonites started to migrate from what is today the Netherlands and Belgium to Danzig and the Vistula delta region. There they lived among Germans and adopted the dialect of the area, even though they retained the Dutch language as sacred language until the middle of the 18th century. There they were joined by Mennonites from other German regions, but mainly from the north. Starting

neg: Coptic Orthodox Church in South America church in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. There are many Coptic Orthodox churches and congregations in South America, currently the church has two Bishops both ordinated in 2006 serving in South America Coptic Orthodox Church in South America The Coptic Orthodox Church in South America has bishops in Bolivia and Brazil. In 1997, Fr. Aghathon Amba Boula heard of and began to visit a few Copts who were living in Bolivia. He continued to serve them for four years until they requested a permanent priest. Fr. Youssef Amba Boula was sent to serve them. Youssef had minor courses in Spanish prior to

neg: Peruvian corn Peru and other Andean countries, typically served with a slice of cheese as choclo con queso. While flavors vary greatly, finger foods like choclo con queso mirror the popularity of corn on the cob as a convenient street snack in Latin America. See also Mexican elote. Peruvian corn Choclo, also referred to as Peruvian corn or Cuzco corn (after the capital city of the Inca empire), is a large-kernel variety of field corn from the Andes. It is consumed in parts of Central America and South America, especially in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. As field corn, it is not

neg: Peru–Bolivian Confederation where he died. Peru–Bolivian Confederation The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. The country was a loose confederation between the states of Peru, divided into the Republic of North Peru and the Republic of South Peru, and Bolivia, with the capital located in Tacna. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation's formation was personally influenced by Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, the President of Bolivia, who served as the first and only head of state under the title “Supreme Protector”. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was opposed by neighboring countries from its inception, particularly Chile and Argentina,

neg: Peru–Bolivian Confederation Peru–Bolivian Confederation The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. The country was a loose confederation between the states of Peru, divided into the Republic of North Peru and the Republic of South Peru, and Bolivia, with the capital located in Tacna. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation's formation was personally influenced by Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, the President of Bolivia, who served as the first and only head of state under the title “Supreme Protector”. The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was opposed by neighboring countries from its inception, particularly Chile and Argentina, as a potential

neg: Latin America–United States relations theory, the US waged a war in South America against what it called "Communist subversives", leading to support of coups against democratically elected presidents such as the backing of the Chilean right wing, which would culminate with Augusto Pinochet's 1973 Chilean coup against democratically-elected Salvador Allende. By 1976, all of South America was covered by similar military dictatorships, called "juntas". In Paraguay, Alfredo Stroessner had been in power since 1954; in Brazil, left-wing President João Goulart was overthrown by a military coup in 1964 with the assistance of the US in what was known as Operation Brother Sam; in Bolivia,

neg: Paraguay Paraguay Paraguay (; ; , ), officially the Republic of Paraguay (; ), is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia). It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as "Corazón de Sudamérica" ("Heart of South America"). Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524 after navigating northwards from the

neg: Bolivia and other forms of dissent, resulting in the torture and deaths of a number of Bolivian citizens. Banzer was ousted in 1978 and later returned as the democratically elected president of Bolivia from 1997 to 2001. Modern Bolivia is a charter member of the UN, IMF, NAM, OAS, ACTO, Bank of the South, ALBA and USAN. For over a decade Bolivia has had one of the fastest economic growths in Latin America; however, it remains the second poorest country in South America. It is a developing country, with a medium ranking in the Human Development Index, a poverty level of

neg: Union of South American Nations Brazil. Dutch is the official language of Suriname; English is the official language of Guyana. Indigenous languages of South America include Quechua in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile and Colombia; Wayuunaiki in northern Colombia (La Guajira) and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia); Guaraní in Paraguay and, to a much lesser extent, in Bolivia; Aymara in Bolivia, Peru, and less often in Chile; and Mapudungun is spoken in certain pockets of southern Chile and, more rarely, Argentina. At least three South American indigenous languages (Quechua, Aymara, and Guarani) are recognized along with Spanish as national languages. Other languages found in South America include,

neg: Coptic Orthodox Church in South America Coptic Orthodox Church in South America The Coptic Orthodox Church in South America has bishops in Bolivia and Brazil. In 1997, Fr. Aghathon Amba Boula heard of and began to visit a few Copts who were living in Bolivia. He continued to serve them for four years until they requested a permanent priest. Fr. Youssef Amba Boula was sent to serve them. Youssef had minor courses in Spanish prior to coming to Bolivia. He arrived December 14th, 2000. Youssef started services in a rented flat located in a poor area. However, only one Copt remained in Bolivia. The other families

neg: Quakers in Latin America Quakers in Latin America Latin America contains approximately 17.5% of the world's Quakers. Latin American Friends are concentrated in Bolivia and Central America. Most of these Friends are evangelical and are affiliated with Evangelical Friends Church International. Friends World Committee for Consultation organizes among them through the "Comité de Amigos Latinoamericanos CoAL del Comité Mundial de Consulta de Los Amigos" CMCA FWCC. There are about 30,000 Friends in Bolivia. Quakerism came to Bolivia in 1919 through a Navajo man, William Abel, who sold Bibles and preached in the capital city of La Paz. Bolivian Juan Ayllón became convinced of the

neg: South America other languages spoken in the country, including Portuguese, Chinese, Hindustani and several native languages. English is also spoken in the Falkland Islands. French is the official language of French Guiana and the second language in Amapá, Brazil. Indigenous languages of South America include Quechua in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile and Colombia; Wayuunaiki in northern Colombia (La Guajira) and northwestern Venezuela (Zulia); Guaraní in Paraguay and, to a much lesser extent, in Bolivia; Aymara in Bolivia, Peru, and less often in Chile; and Mapudungun is spoken in certain pockets of southern Chile and, more rarely, Argentina. At least three South

neg: Military history of South America variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and north-central Chile, and southern Colombia. The Inca approach to warfare was well organised and disciplined, building on the Andean military societies before it. It represented a major step forward in military organisation in South America. The Incan empire expanded into what later became Ecuador during the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, who began the northward conquest in 1463. He gave his

neg: Peruvian corn Peruvian corn Choclo, also referred to as Peruvian corn or Cuzco corn (after the capital city of the Inca empire), is a large-kernel variety of field corn from the Andes. It is consumed in parts of Central America and South America, especially in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. As field corn, it is not generally regarded in industrialized societies as desirable for human food without commercial pre-processing. When compared to sweet corn, the kernels are larger and chewier and have a starchy, hefty texture, rather than a sweet taste. The taste and appearance are somewhat similar to hominy. Choclo is

neg: Demographics of Bolivia America, Bolivia's median equivalent household income in terms of the Purchasing Power Standard stands at $5,000, which is last in South America. The 2012 census recorded a total of 3,158,691 households in Bolivia—an increase of 887,960 from 2001. In 2009, 75.4% of homes were classified as a house, hut, or Pachuichi; 3.3% were apartments; 21.1% were rented out homes; and 0.1% were mobile homes. The urbanization rate of Bolivia is 67%. Demographics of Bolivia The demographic characteristics of the population of Bolivia are known through censuses, with the first in 1826 and the most recent being in 2012. The National

neg: Inca society Inca society The Inca society was the society of the Inca civilization in South America. The Inca Empire, which was centred in what is now called Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and southern Colombia and lasted from 1438 to 1533 AD, represented the height of this civilization. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the rulers used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America, centred on the Andean mountain ranges. The empire proved relatively short-lived however: by 1533, Atahualpa, the last

neg: Bolivia 1892; and Universidad Autónoma Tomás Frías UATF – Potosi, founded in 1892. In 2017, Bolivia is the first country in South America in terms of funds dedicated to public education and is the second in Latin America, after Cuba. Based on 2013 "The World Factbook" estimates, Bolivia is ranked 161st in life expectancy with a number of 68.2 years. Life expectancy for men is 65.4 and for women is 71.1. A study by the United Nations Development Programme and United Nations International Emergency Children's Fund reported over 230 babies died per day in Bolivia through lack of proper care. The

neg: History of Andean South America tribe, who founded the largest empire that the Americas had ever seen, named Tahuantinsuyu. The Inca governed their empire from the capital city of Cuzco, administering it along traditional Andean lines. In the 16th century, Spanish colonisers from Europe arrived in the Andes, eventually subjugating the indigenous kingdoms and incorporating the Andean region into the Spanish Empire. In the 19th century, a rising tide of anti-imperialist nationalism that was sweeping all of South America led rebel armies to overthrow Spanish rule. The Andean region was subsequently divided into a number of new states, Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador. The 20th

neg: Icíar Bollaín tense situation that exists in Bolivia. All related to the heritage and colonial legacy. On the one hand, in this film, there is a low budget film about Christopher Columbus and the Discovery of America in 1492 being recorded. While, on the other hand, the famous Water War (Bolivia) of Cochabamba (April 2000) is taking place. What Icíar Bollaín tries to represent using a historiographical discourse (something far from the truth) and filmic fiction is the relationship between what marked the history of the Western world in 1492 and the development of Bolivia as a country. In order to do

neg: Gustu and won the S. Pellegrino Best Restaurant in Bolivia award. It again won Best Restaurant in South America from Como Sur – South American Gastronomy, and Kamilla Seidler again won the award for Best Chef in South America. In 2015, Gustu climbed 15 positions on the Latin America's 50 Best Restaurants and is now placed in place No.17. Gustu Gustu, the quechua word for flavour, is a restaurant and bar placed in La Paz, Bolivia, which opened in April 2012. Gustu is under the management of Head Chef Kamilla Seidler and CEO Michelangelo Cestari. It is considered among South America's

neg: Geography of Bolivia Modification, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: landlocked; separated from the Pacific Ocean via Chile. Bolivia had a coastline, but its former coastline is now Chilean territory because of the War of the Pacific. Bolivia shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru Geography of Bolivia The geography of Bolivia is unique among the nations of South America. Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries on the continent (the other being Paraguay), and Bolivia is more urban (77%) than rural (23%). The main features of Bolivia's geography include the Altiplano, a highland plateau of

neg: Cordillera Real (Bolivia) Cordillera Real (Bolivia) The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz, measuring 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Despite the fact that it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses. The highest mountain in the range is Illimani at . Other notable peaks are:

neg: Cordillera Real (Bolivia) Cordillera Real (Bolivia) The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz, measuring 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Despite the fact that it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses. The highest mountain in the range is Illimani at . Other notable peaks are:

neg: Pink tide tide president herself, Chávez of Venezuela (inaugurated 1999), Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil (inaugurated 2003) and Evo Morales of Bolivia (inaugurated 2006) were "the three musketeers" of the left in South America. National policies among the left in Latin America are divided between the styles of Chávez and Lula as the latter not only focused on those affected by inequality, but also catered to private enterprises and global capital. With the difficulties facing emerging markets across the world at the time, Latin Americans turned away from liberal economics and elected leftist leaders who had recently turned toward more

neg: Bahá'í Faith in Bolivia literature into a number of dialects of the indigenous in Bolivia have been done before 2007. The government of Bolivia has taken note of the persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran in 2008. The Bahá'í Faith is currently the largest international religious minority in Bolivia. The population is the largest population of Bahá'ís in South America. The country's general population is estimated to be 55%-70% indigenous and 30%-42% Mestizo, with a Bahá'í population estimated at 217,000 in 2005 according to the Association of Religion Data Archives. Bahá'í Faith in Bolivia The Bahá'í Faith in Bolivia begins with references to the country

neg: Red-bellied macaw Red-bellied macaw The red-bellied macaw ("Orthopsittaca manilatus"), also known as "Guacamaya Manilata", is a medium-sized, mostly green South American parrot, a member of a group of large Neotropical parrots known as macaws. It is the largest of what are commonly called "mini-macaws". The belly has a large maroon patch which gives the species its name. It is endemic to tropical Amazonian South America, from Colombia and Trinidad south to Amazonian Peru and Bolivia, and central Brazil as far as the northwestern cerrado. Its habitat is moriche (or buriti) palm ("Mauritia flexuosa") swamp forests and sandy savannahs with palm groves. They

neg: Geography of Bolivia Geography of Bolivia The geography of Bolivia is unique among the nations of South America. Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries on the continent (the other being Paraguay), and Bolivia is more urban (77%) than rural (23%). The main features of Bolivia's geography include the Altiplano, a highland plateau of the Andes, and Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake on Earth, which is shared with Peru. The most prominent feature of the Altiplano is the large lake at its northern end, Lake Titicaca. At above sea level, it is the highest commercially navigable body of water in the world.

neg: TriMetals Mining TriMetals Mining TriMetals Mining Inc. (formerly South American Silver Corporation) is a Canadian mining company that focuses on the exploration and development of properties in North America and South America. It currently owns two development-stage properties, Gold Springs and Escalones, and is pursuing international arbitration against Bolivia for the nationalization of the Malku Khota project. Gold Springs is located in the Nevada and Utah border, Malku Khota located in Bolivia and Escalones located in Chile. Malku Khota is considered one of the largest known undeveloped silver and indium resources in the world. The Gold Springs project is an advanced exploration

neg: Military history of South America the north, and Carabayllo in the south. Their expansion southward was stopped by the military power of the great valley of Lima, and the kingdom would survive up until the time of the Inca invasions. Meanwhile, to the south, Tiwanaku had emerged as a well-organised, centralised military power for much of 400 AD – 1000 AD, taking forward military evolution in the Andean region. Tiwanaku, west of La Paz flourished as the capital for approximately five hundred years. Around 400 AD, Tiwanaku expanded militarily, moving into the Yungas and bringing its culture to many other cultures in modern-day Peru, Bolivia,

neg: Cochabamba the climate is an extended dry season that runs from May until October with a wet season that generally begins in November with the principal rains ending in March. Cochabamba is known as the heart of Bolivia and the gastronomic capital. Traditional cuisine includes: salteñas, chuño, tucumanas, pique macho, silpancho, anticucho, sopa de mani, chicharrón, and many more dishes. Commensurate with other large cities in the Andean highlands of South America, Cochabamba is a city of contrasts. Its central commercial districts, bounded by Plaza Colón and Plaza 14 de Septiembre, are generally equipped with modern urban amenities and are where

neg: Confidence-building measures in South America list of potential bilateral conflict situations would include: Guyana-Venezuela; Venezuela-Colombia; Ecuador-Peru; Peru-Chile; Bolivia-Chile; Chile-Argentina; Argentina-Brazil; Argentina-United Kingdom. Conflicts which are multilateral would include Argentine-Brazilian competition for influence in the South American "buffer states" (Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia); attempts to exercise control over extensive economic or patrimonial maritime zones (such as the Chilean effort to claim a "Mar Presencial"); and issues of sovereignty and resources in the quadrant of Antarctica which is associated with South America, and which is claimed by Argentina, Chile and Great Britain, despite the presence of scientific bases of some 18 nations, including the U. S. It is

neg: Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) Santa Cruz (), with an area of , is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the territory of the country. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south. In the 2012 census, it reported a population of 3,412,921, making it the most populated department. The capital is the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas.

neg: Religion in Bolivia an independent National Spiritual Assembly in 1961. By 1963 there were hundreds of local assemblies. The Bahá'í Faith is currently the largest international religious minority in Bolivia and the largest population of Bahá'ís in South America with a population estimated at 217,000 in 2005, according to the Association of Religion Data Archives. The Jewish population is about 500 members, making it one of the smallest Jewish communities in South America. A 2007 Gallup poll asking "Is religion important in your life?" showed 12% of respondents answering "No". The 2008 survey done by the Americas Barometer had 3.3% of participants indicating

neg: Ñuflo de Chaves Ñuflo de Chaves Ñuflo de Chaves or Ñuflo de Chávez (1518–1568) was a Spanish conquistador. He is best known for founding the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in (what is today) Bolivia. Ñuflo de Chaves was born and grew up in the small Spanish village of "Santa Cruz de la Sierra ("Holy Cross of the Mountains")", some 12 km south of Trujillo in the Extremadura region in Spain. He had an elder brother . Ñuflo de Chaves joined the military and went to South America as a conquistador. In 1544 in Asunción (in today's Paraguay) he participated in

neg: Otto Philipp Braun by President Manuel Isidoro Belzu after which he would return several times to Bolivia and Peru where he had interests in copper mines and coffee plantations. In 1861 after numerous transatlantic travels between Europe and South America Braun left the continent forever. Eight years later Braun died in Bad Wildungen. He was put to rest in his near hometown Kassel. Dozens of newspapers in Europe and South America remembered the contribution Otto Philipp Braun made to the independence of South America as well as to the construction of the Republic of Bolivia. His remains are in the Basilica of San

neg: Protambulyx strigilis Protambulyx strigilis Protambulyx strigilis, the streaked sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae prevalent in the Americas from Florida to Central and South America. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771. It is known from tropical and subtropical lowlands in Florida and throughout Central America and the West Indies south to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil and Argentina. The wingspan is 108–134 mm. Adults are on wing in March and from June to July in Florida, year round in Costa Rica, from April to August and October to December in Bolivia,

neg: Oruro, Bolivia important as a waystation on the overland route of goods from the Atlantic port of Santos, Brazil, through Puerto Suárez and Santa Cruz to the capital, La Paz. Despite its economic decline, the city attracts numerous tourists to its Carnaval de Oruro, considered one of the great folkloric events in South America for its masked "diablada" and Anata. The Oruro Symphony Orchestra is based in the city. Aymara painter and printmaker Alejandro Mario Yllanes (1913–1960) was born here. The Universidad Técnica de Oruro, noted for its engineering school, is located in Oruro. Oruro lies north of the salty lakes Uru

neg: Tiwanaku Tiwanaku Tiwanaku ( or ) is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia near Lake Titicaca and one of the largest sites in South America. Surface remains currently cover around 4 square kilometers and include decorated ceramics, monumental structures, and megalithic blocks. The site's population probably peaked around AD 800 with 10,000 to 20,000 people. The site was first recorded in written history in 1549 by Spanish conquistador Pedro Cieza de León while searching for the southern Inca capital of Qullasuyu. Some have hypothesized that Tiwanaku's modern name is related to the Aymara term "taypiqala", meaning "stone in the center",

neg: History of rail transport in Bolivia of Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija. This last network connects the agricultural environment of Santa Cruz and the natural gas producing region to the south of Bolivia with Argentina and Brazil. Since then the Company Ferroviaria Oriental was in control of the US company Genesee Wyoming. As can be seen in Table 5, both companies are rather small in relation to the others in Latin America and the Eastern railway company carries the most freight. Bolivia is the only case in Latin America and Caribbean in which freight concessionaires also offer long-distance passenger services. The railway transport of passengers is

neg: RadioShack and Guyana, in South America, in 2017. By the end of 2017, Unicomer had company-owned stores located in the countries of Barbados, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Trinidad while receiving franchise payments from independent franchised stores located in the countries of Antigua, Aruba, Costa Rica, Paraguay and Peru in which Unicomer did not have a business presence in. In April 2018, the RadioShack brand returned to the South American country of Bolivia when franchisee Cosworld Trading opened two franchised stores for Unicomer in the capital city of La Paz. The previous RadioShack stores had closed in 2015

neg: Bahá'í Faith in Bolivia was split into two - basically northern/eastern South America with the Republics of Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, in Lima, Peru and one of the western/southern South America with the Republics of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Hand of the Cause `Alí-Muhammad Varqá oversaw the election of the Assembly in Buenos Aires. In 1961-2 thousands of Aymara Indians in hundreds of localities formed near 100 assemblies. Across the Americas by 1947 members of the Bahá'í Faith had contacted peoples of Alaska and Greenland, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. The

neg: Gregory Venables Argentina. He was headmaster of St Andrew's College, Asuncion, Paraguay, from 1978 until 1989. He was ordained to the episcopate in 1993 and returned to South America as Assistant Bishop of Peru and Bolivia, being consecrated the first Bishop of Bolivia in 1995. Venables was elected Archbishop of South America for the first time in 2001, serving until 2010. He became a significant leader of the Anglican realignment during his tenure. He was once again elected at the provincial synod held in Santiago, Chile on 7-10 November 2016 Venables is an honorary Fellow of Canterbury Christ Church University. He is

neg: Reina Hispanoamericana were added. In 2017, the Philippines, Canada, and Australia were added, The pageant is organized by "Promociones Gloria", based in Bolivia. More than 20 contestants participate every year. The current Reina Hispanoamericana is Nariman Battikha of Venezuela who was crowned on 4 November 2018 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Notes Reina Hispanoamericana Reina Hispanoamericana ("Hispanic American Queen") is an annual beauty pageant celebrating Hispanic heritage, language and culture, started in 1991 as Reina Sudamericana ("South American Queen"), is based in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Up to 2003 the participants were restricted to the 10 countries in South America; in

neg: Roupala along watercourses, and in cloud- or montane forests or scrub at higher altitudes. They are predominantly found on sandy soils. The genus contains both widespread species and localised endemics. "Roupala montana" occurs throughout the entire range of the genus, from Mexico in the north, throughout Central America, to Trinidad and across South America to southern Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay. Other species have more restricted distributions. Several have an Andean distribution including "R. monosperma" which ranges from Venezuela to Bolivia, "R. pachypoda" found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, and "R. fiebrigii" which is endemic to Bolivia. Other species are found

neg: Top Gear: Bolivia Special Top Gear: Bolivia Special Top Gear: Bolivia Special is a special 76-minute episode of the motoring series "Top Gear", originally broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom at 19:45 on 27 December 2009. This is episode 6 of series 14. It features the presenters James May, Jeremy Clarkson, and Richard Hammond travelling through South America from the rainforests of Bolivia to the Pacific coast of Chile. The presenters used second hand off-road vehicles, bought locally in Bolivia for less than £3,500 each. Unlike previous Top Gear Specials, a backup vehicle was not featured (usually one which is disliked by

neg: Bahá'í Faith in South America 1963 there were hundreds of local assemblies. The Bahá'í Faith is currently the largest international religious minority in Bolivia. The largest population of Bahá'ís in South America is in Bolivia, a country whose general population is estimated to be 55%-70% indigenous and 30%-42% Mestizo, with a Bahá'í population estimated at 217000 in 2005 according to the Association of Religion Data Archives. The Bahá'í Faith in Brazil started in 1919 with Bahá'ís first visiting the country that year, and the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly in Brazil was established in 1928. There followed a period of growth with the arrival of

neg: Rugby union in Bolivia to Cochabamba. As in Paraguay, the French have been instrumental in expanding the game. French diplomats from the Embassy, and the Colegio Franco Boliviano produced a team which managed to tour Chile, and played an informal match against a French Guiana side touring South America. Traditionally rugby is most popular in La Paz, the capital, but it is also fairly successful in the Santa Cruz region, and is played by some university sides. There are also clubs in Cochabamba and Tarija. The interest in Santa Cruz was partially the result of a community of Argentine expatriates, who formed a club

neg: Narcotics in Bolivia "social control". Such improvements in Bolivia's narcotics situation have reportedly drawn attention and led to a slight diplomatic thaw with the United States; the two countries are expected to swap ambassadors. Where in the world did someone research that coca production is down in Bolivia under Evo Morales? Narcotics in Bolivia Narcotics in Bolivia, South America, is a subject that primarily involves the coca crop, used in the production of the drug, cocaine. Trafficking and corruption have been two of the most prominent negative side-effects of the illicit narcotics trade in Bolivia and the country's government has engaged in negotiations

neg: Rugby union in Bolivia Rugby union in Bolivia Rugby union in Bolivia is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Federación Boliviana de Rugby, which is affiliated to CONSUR, but not to the International Rugby Board. Rugby in South America is dominated by Argentina, and to a lesser extent Uruguay (who have qualified for the Rugby World Cup) and Chile and is most popular in the southern part of the continent. However, rugby can be found in almost all the South American nations, partly because of massive immigration from Europe, notably the British Isles and France. Rugby was also introduced to

neg: Economy of Bolivia 2001 the tourism sector, however, is strongly increasing, in fact in 2014 the number of tourists reached 871,000 arrivals. Bolivia's energy needs are relatively small but growing consistently. Bolivia uses oil for the majority of its power needs, followed by natural gas and hydroelectric power. Bolivia has estimated oil reserves of , the fifth largest in South America. The fields are located in the east and south. The main activities in the refineries is crude oil fractioning, catalytic conversion for high octane gasoline, and refining of heavy fractions to produce lubricants. The final products are vehicle gasoline, liquid propane and

neg: Ricardo Udler Ricardo Udler Ricardo Udler Cymerman is a Bolivian gynaecologist. He currently serves as Chairman of the Israelite Club of Bolivia () and acts as leader of the Jewish community of Bolivia in general. Udler was born in La Paz, a city that is home to much of the country's small Jewish community. He is Chairman of the Israelite Club of Bolivia, an entity that brings together the Bolivian Jewish community. Today, the Jewish community of Bolivia is made only by about 500 members, making it one of the smallest Jewish communities in South America. He is also notable for defending

neg: Landlocked country Landlocked country A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 50 such countries, including five partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World). As a rule, being landlocked creates political and economic handicaps that access to the high seas avoids. For this reason, states large and small across history have striven to gain access to open waters, even at great expense in wealth, bloodshed, and political capital. The economic disadvantages of being landlocked can

neg: Health in Bolivia Health in Bolivia In terms of key indicators, health in Bolivia ranks nearly last among the Western Hemisphere countries. Only Haiti scores consistently lower. Bolivia's child mortality rate of 69 per 1,000 live births is the worst in South America. Proper nourishment is a constant struggle for many Bolivians. Experts estimate that 7 percent of Bolivian children under the age of five and 23 percent of the entire population suffer from malnutrition. Another health factor in Bolivia is sanitation. Bolivia's health care system is in the midst of reform, funded in part by international organizations such as the World Bank.

neg: Max Uhle close friend, Alphons Stübel, who had recently published an article on the history of Peruvian archaeology, suggested Uhle concentrate his studies on that region. He first traveled to South America in 1892 to initiate research in Argentina and Bolivia for the Konigliches Museum fur Völkerkunde in Berlin, Germany. In that same year he published ""The Ruins of Tiahuanaco in the Highlands of Ancient Peru,"" with photographer and engineer B. von Grumbkow. This extensive work is considered the first in depth scientific account of the ancient site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Uhle returned to South America in 1896, now sponsored by the

neg: Inca architecture Inca architecture Incan architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from Tiwanaku, founded in the 2nd century B.C.E. in present-day Bolivia. A core characteristic of the architectural style was to use the topography and existing materials of the land as part of the design. The capital of the Inca empire, Cuzco, still contains many fine examples of Inca architecture, although many walls of Inca masonry have been incorporated into Spanish Colonial structures. The famous royal estate of Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu) is a surviving example of Inca architecture. Other significant sites

neg: Andean civilizations history may be broadly divided into three periods – the emergence of the Moche culture in Early Moche (CE 100–300), its expansion and florescence during Middle Moche (CE 300–600), and the urban nucleation and subsequent collapse in Late Moche (CE 500–750). Tiwanaku (Spanish: Tiahuanaco and Tiahuanacu) is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, South America. Tiwanaku is recognized by Andean scholars as one of the most important precursors to the Inca Empire, flourishing as the ritual and administrative capital of a major state power for approximately five hundred years. The ruins of the ancient city state are near

neg: Oxycorynini - occur across Central America and in some adjacent regions. The former only occurs in Mexico and Honduras, while the latter is widespread from Mexico to Panama, also occurring on Cuba and in Florida, and probably in northern South America too. The two "Alloxycorynus" species are found from southern Peru (Cusco Region) to eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina. "Hydnorobius" with three species occurs to the southeast of "Alloxycorynus" south to central Argentina (Mendoza to Buenos Aires Provinces). "Oxycorynus" occurs with 5 known species northwards of "Hydnorobius", from northern Argentina and southern Bolivia north into Brazil (Santa Catarina state). The monotypic

neg: Puno Region Puno Region Puno () is a region in southeastern Peru. It is bordered by Bolivia on the east, the Madre de Dios Region on the north, the Cusco and Arequipa regions on the west, the Moquegua Region on the southwest, and the Tacna Region on the south. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra. Puno was the territory of the Tiahuanacos (800 A.D. – 1200 A.D.), who were the highest cultural expression of the Aymara people who established themselves in what is today

neg: Luis Liendo 70's and 80's and also played for the Bolivia national team. Luis Liendo Luis Antonio Liendo Asbún (born February 25, 1978 in La Serena) is a retired Chilean-Bolivian football midfielder, who has played in different leagues throughout South America, Europe and North America. He also played for the Bolivia national team. Liendo began his soccer career in 1997 playing for the Boca Juniors reserves team in Argentina then was signed by Bolívar in Bolivia. Liendo had a brief experience with Real Madrid B in Spain. Shortly after his time in Spain, he was bought by Ascoli in Italy. He also

neg: Bolivia the executive and legislative branches could return to the city, but the assembly and the government said this demand was overwhelmingly impractical and politically undesirable. In May 2008, Evo Morales was a signatory to the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations. In the 2009 national general elections, Evo Morales was re-elected with 64.22% of the vote. His party, Movement for Socialism, also won a two-thirds majority in both houses of the National Congress. Bolivia is located in the central zone of South America, between 57°26'–69°38'W and 9°38'–22°53'S. With an area of , Bolivia is the world's

neg: Altiplano latter area has several salares, or salt flats, due to its aridity. At the Bolivia–Peru border lies Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in South America. South of that in Bolivia was Lake Poopó, which was declared dried up and defunct as of December 2015. It is unclear if this second-largest lake in Bolivia can be revitalized. The Altiplano was the site of several pre-Columbian cultures, including the Chiripa, Tiawanaku and the Inca Empire. Spain conquered the region in the 16th century. Major economic activities in the Altiplano include mining, llama and vicuña herding, and services in the cities. There is

neg: Bolivia–Denmark relations in the United Nations treaty Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Denmark with some other countries opposed the idea. Bolivia was chosen as a programme country for Denmark in 1994, because Bolivia were the poorest country in South America. Denmark started assisting Bolivia with diaries. Because of the political situation in Bolivia, Denmark suspended the assistance in 1980. In 1993 the cooperation resumed. Danish development assistance to Bolivia focuses on democracy, human rights, agriculture, education and environment. In 2005, DANIDA cut the aid from 200 million to 150 million because of the social problems in Bolivia. In 2010, after 13 years

neg: Health in Bolivia under 5's mortality is 43. In Bolivia the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 11 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 150. Health in Bolivia In terms of key indicators, health in Bolivia ranks nearly last among the Western Hemisphere countries. Only Haiti scores consistently lower. Bolivia's child mortality rate of 69 per 1,000 live births is the worst in South America. Proper nourishment is a constant struggle for many Bolivians. Experts estimate that 7 percent of Bolivian children under the age of five and 23 percent of the entire population suffer from

neg: Google Street View in South America Google Street View in South America In South America, Google Street View is available in parts of Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia and Uruguay. This article covers all of South America. For Central America and the Caribbean, see Google Street View in North America. In September 2010, the first cities from Brazil were added. The service started with 51 cities, most from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and greater metropolitan areas. Historic cities such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina and Tiradentes were also included. Google is expecting to cover 90% of Brazilian streets in two years. Google

neg: SMS Ariadne (1871) German shipping from pirate attacks. During the second, from late 1877 to late 1879, "Ariadne" operated off South America and the central Pacific Ocean, where her captain negotiated a series of trade agreements with local chiefs. In 1880–1881, the ship went to South American waters to protect German interests during the War of the Pacific between Peru, Chile, and Bolivia, and in 1884–1885, she operated off West Africa, where she negotiated the acquisition of a protectorate in what is now Guinea. After returning to Germany in 1885, "Ariadne" was reassigned as a training ship for apprentice seamen, a role she

neg: Robert Elias Fries National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US). A collector of plants from 1901 through 1923 in Europe: Sweden; Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tropical South America: Bolivia; Temperate South America: Argentina. He sometimes worked with his father and his brother Thore Christian Elias Fries (1886–1931). He was part of the Swedish 1901-1902 expedition to Argentina and Bolivia, crossing the desert of Chaco, and the Andes. Professor Bergianus at the Bergius Foundation in Stockholm and head of its garden, Bergianska trädgården. He published works on mycology, plant geography, and systematics. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation R.E.Fr. when citing a botanical name. Robert

neg: ASCEND: A Humanitarian Alliance to Africa and South America. Countries that have benefited from these service missions are: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Ethiopia and Mozambique. Groups are in the country for one to two weeks participating in service opportunities and cultural tours. Interns volunteer at headquarters or abroad in their area of expertise. ASCEND: A Humanitarian Alliance Ascend: A Humanitarian Alliance is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization which focuses on international economic and health care development in Africa and South America. Headquarters are located in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, with full-time offices in Ethiopia, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador and affiliates in DR Congo,

neg: South America maintained occupation forces in the country until 1876. The last South American war in the 19th century was the War of the Pacific with Bolivia and Peru on one side and Chile on the other. In 1879 the war began with Chilean troops occupying Bolivian ports, followed by Bolivia declaring war on Chile which activated an alliance treaty with Peru. The Bolivians were completely defeated in 1880 and Lima was occupied in 1881. The peace was signed with Peru in 1883 while a truce was signed with Bolivia in 1884. Chile annexed territories of both countries leaving Bolivia with no

neg: Natural gas in Bolivia possible to sell gas by liquefying it and shipping it be using tankers, but that presents itself as a more expensive alternative. Exporting natural gas through pipelines is also the reason why relations with neighboring countries is an important feature of the business. It is through pipelines that Bolivia domestically uses and exports its natural gas. The major export pipelines in Bolivia are: The development of other pipelines to export Bolivian gas to other countries in South America, such as Uruguay, have been topic of conversations, but as of today nothing significant has followed through. Natural gas in Bolivia Natural

neg: History of Peru The Incas built the largest empire and dynasty of pre-Columbian America. The Tahuantinsuyo—which is derived from Quechua for "The Four United Regions"—reached its greatest extension at the beginning of the 16th century. It dominated a territory that included (from north to south): Ecuador, part of Colombia, the northern half of Chile, and the northwest part of Argentina; and from east to west, from Bolivia to the Amazonian forests and Peru. The empire originated from a tribe based in Cusco, which became the capital. Pachacutec wasn't the first Inca, but he was the first ruler to considerably expand the boundaries of

neg: Peru at the Copa América the games are decided to be played there. Although only 3 teams came to the tournament, Argentina, Uruguay, and Bolivia; the participating federations decided that the 1st and 2nd places of the competition would represent South America for the Olympic Games to be played at Amsterdam in 1928. The other federations (Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay) did not participate because of economic and sport problems. Peru gained third place after only beating Bolivia. This tournament is characterized by the Argentine and Uruguayan conflict that rooted from the 1930 World Cup. The winners here were going to once more represent South America

neg: Moritz Hochschild in 1920, he returned once again to Bolivia. In 1920, his son, Gerardo Hochschild Rosenbaum, was born; his wife died in 1924. During the following two decades, Hochschild built up an economic empire in Bolivia around the mining and trade of tin ore. His empire stretched from Peru in the north to Chile in the south. During this period of growth, more of his family followed him to South America to work for him, including his cousin Philipp Hochschild and Philipp's wife Germaine. Moritz (or Don Mauricio, as he was known in South America) and Germaine had an affair, and

neg: Oruro Department Oruro Department Oruro () is a department in Bolivia, with an area of . Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178. The department is divided into 16 provinces which are further subdivided into municipalities and cantons. Note: Eduardo Abaroa Province (#5) is both north of and south of Sebastián Pagador Province (#6). The chief executive office of Bolivia departments (since May 2010) is the governor; until then, the office was called the prefect, and until 2006 the prefect was appointed by the President of Bolivia. The current

neg: Poverty in South America Poverty in South America Poverty in South America is high in most countries. All of the countries in South America are greatly affected by poverty to some extent. From 1999 to 2010, poverty dropped from 43.8% to 31.8%. The countries that have the highest rates are Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela. All of these countries are trying to reduce poverty, with varying degrees of effort and success. However, in recent years most South American countries have experienced great economic decline. Thanks to this improvement in the economy, action is being taken by most South American countries to reduce poverty and improve

neg: Economy of Paraguay US$3.4 billion, or roughly US$1,000 per capita, ranking Paraguay only ahead of Bolivia among the Spanish-speaking countries of South America. Paraguay was the most agricultural economy of South America, and that sector influenced the performance of virtually every other sector of the economy. The over dependence on agricultural economy and low tax collections deteriorated the already wide gap wealth distribution. The extreme poverty increased from 16% to 20% during 2001 to 2012, even as the economy grew. By 2013, it has a human development index of 0.669 which is even lower than Bolivia. The Paraguayan economic miracle of the 1970s

neg: Bahá'í Faith in Bolivia to the Kingdom of God. ... the republic of Mexico...to be familiar with the Spanish language...Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and the seventh country Belize...Attach great importance to the indigenous population of America...Likewise the islands of ...Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, ... Bahama Islands, even the smallWatling Island...Haiti and Santo Domingo...the islands of Bermuda... the republics of the continent of South America—Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, The Guianas, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela; also the islands to the north, east and west of South America, such as Falkland Islands, the Galapagòs, Juan Fernandez, Tobago and Trinidad..." Following the

neg: Ferruginous pygmy owl Ferruginous pygmy owl The ferruginous pygmy owl ("Glaucidium brasilianum") is a small owl that breeds in south-central Arizona in the United States, south through Mexico and Central America, to South America into Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. In Central America and South America, it is the most widely distributed pygmy owl and is probably one of the most numerous owl species in those areas. It is found in a wide range of semi-open wooded habitats in these areas This species is a part of the larger family Strigidae of owls, known as typical owls. This family contains most species of owls.

neg: Ikat the oldest forms of textile decoration. However, it is most prevalent in Indonesia, India and Japan. In Central and South America, "ikat" is still common in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala and Mexico. In the 19th century, the Silk Road desert oases of Bukhara, Samarkand, Hotan and Kashgar (in what is now Uzbekistan and Xinjiang in Central Asia) were famous for their fine silk Uzbek/Uyghur ikat. India, Japan, Indonesia and many other Southeast Asian nations including Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines and Thailand have weaving cultures with long histories of ikat production. Double ikat weaving is still found in India, Japan and Indonesia.

neg: Andean Baroque Andean Baroque Andean Baroque (Spanish: "Barroco andino" or "arquitectura mestiza") is an artistic movement that appeared in the Viceroyalty of Peru (South America) between 1680 and 1780. It is located geographically between Arequipa and Lake Titicaca in what is now Peru and Bolivia, where rules over the highlands and spreads over the entire altiplano. From the Portuguese word "barrueco" meaning impure, mottled, flamboyant, daring, the most striking example of Andean Baroque art is in religious architecture, where indigenous craftsmen gave it a unique character, as happened in the New Spanish Baroque. The first of the baroque architecture in the Viceroyalty

neg: Andean Baroque mestizo style. Andean Baroque Andean Baroque (Spanish: "Barroco andino" or "arquitectura mestiza") is an artistic movement that appeared in the Viceroyalty of Peru (South America) between 1680 and 1780. It is located geographically between Arequipa and Lake Titicaca in what is now Peru and Bolivia, where rules over the highlands and spreads over the entire altiplano. From the Portuguese word "barrueco" meaning impure, mottled, flamboyant, daring, the most striking example of Andean Baroque art is in religious architecture, where indigenous craftsmen gave it a unique character, as happened in the New Spanish Baroque. The first of the baroque architecture in

neg: Google Street View in South America Uruguay. The service became available online on 2 December 2015. Reference: , , All these countries have photo spheres, 360-degree panorama photos similar to the street view photos, accessible in Google Maps. Google Street View in South America In South America, Google Street View is available in parts of Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia and Uruguay. This article covers all of South America. For Central America and the Caribbean, see Google Street View in North America. In September 2010, the first cities from Brazil were added. The service started with 51 cities, most from São Paulo, Rio de