query: where are the queen 's crown jewels kept

pos: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom Collection Trust keeps an inventory of the regalia, and Historic Royal Palaces is responsible for their display. Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are 140 royal ceremonial objects kept in the Tower of London, which include the regalia and vestments worn by British kings and queens at their coronations. Symbols of 800 years of monarchy, the coronation regalia are the only working set in Europe – other present-day monarchies have abandoned coronations in favour of secular ceremonies – and the collection is the most historically complete of

pos: Jewel House Jewel House The Jewel House is a vault housing the British Crown Jewels in the Waterloo Block (formerly a barracks) at the Tower of London. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 and refurbished in 2012. Regalia have been kept in various parts of the Tower since the 14th century after a series of successful and attempted thefts at Westminster Abbey. A Keeper of the Crown Jewels was appointed in 1207. Over the subsequent centuries his title varied, from Keeper of the King's Jewels, Master of the Jewel House, Master and Treasurer of the King's Jewels and Plate,

pos: Crown jewels are still displayed at weddings, christenings and funerals. Until 1974 the crown jewels were also displayed at the opening of the "Riksdag" (Parliament). Among the oldest objects are the sword of Gustav Vasa and the crown, orb, sceptre and key of King Erik XIV and numerous other sovereigns. The crown jewels of England, now of the United Kingdom, are kept in the Tower of London. Apart from a 12th-century anointing spoon, they all date from after Restoration of Charles II in 1661. The ancient crown jewels of England were destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1649 when he established the Commonwealth

pos: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are 140 royal ceremonial objects kept in the Tower of London, which include the regalia and vestments worn by British kings and queens at their coronations. Symbols of 800 years of monarchy, the coronation regalia are the only working set in Europe – other present-day monarchies have abandoned coronations in favour of secular ceremonies – and the collection is the most historically complete of any regalia in the world. Objects used to invest and crown the monarch variously denote his or

pos: Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on public display along with the other Crown Jewels in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, also known as The Queen Mother's Crown, is the crown made for Queen Elizabeth, the wife of King George VI, to wear at their coronation in 1937 and State Openings of Parliament during her husband's reign. The crown was made by Garrard & Co., the Crown Jeweller at the time, and is modelled partly on the design of Queen Mary's Crown, though it differs by having four

pos: St Edward's Sapphire Westminster Abbey in 1163. How the gem survived the English Civil War in the 17th century is not clear, but it was most likely re-cut into its present form for Charles II after the restoration of the monarchy. Queen Victoria added the jewel to the Imperial State Crown, giving it a leading role in the centre of the cross at the top of the crown, where it remains today in the similar crown worn by Queen Elizabeth II. St Edward's Sapphire is on public display with the other Crown Jewels in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. St

pos: Crown of Queen Mary with crystal models, and the arches were made detachable so that it could be worn as a circlet or open crown. Mary wore it like this after George V died in 1936. Since Queen Mary died in 1953, the crown has not been worn. It is on display with the other Crown Jewels at the Tower of London. Crown of Queen Mary The Crown of Queen Mary is the consort crown made for Queen Mary, wife of George V, in 1911. Mary bought the Art Deco-inspired crown from Garrard & Co. herself, and hoped that it would be worn by

pos: Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria The Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria is a miniature imperial and state crown made at the request of Queen Victoria in 1870 to wear over her widow's cap following the death of her husband, Prince Albert. It was perhaps the crown most associated with the queen and is one of the Crown Jewels on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Following the death of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Victoria's husband, in 1861, Queen Victoria withdrew from public life and wore a black and white ensemble colloquially known as

pos: Crown Jeweller Crown Jeweller The Crown Jeweller is a member of the Royal Household appointed by the British monarch. He or she is responsible for the maintenance and, when they leave the Tower of London, security of the regalia and plate that make up the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. The post was created in 1843 by Queen Victoria, who issued a royal warrant to Garrard & Co., and the title of Crown Jeweller was vested in an employee of the company. Until then, Rundell & Bridge, who advertised themselves as Crown jewellers, had been responsible for maintaining and preparing Jewels

neg: Crown jewels diamond was set. The Bavarian Coronation Set consists of the Crown of Bavaria, the Crown of the Queen (originally made for Maximilian's Queen, Caroline Frederika of Baden), the State Sword, the Royal Orb and the Royal Sceptre. Most of the crown jewels were stolen and destroyed by US army officers after the end of World War II. See Schlosshotel Kronberg. The treasures of the Kings of Saxony are kept in Dresden. The crown and the insignia of the Kingdom of Prussia are kept at Hohenzollern Castle in Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg. The treasures of the Kings of Württemberg are kept in the

neg: Crown jewels assumption of the throne were the Imperial Seals (Chinese: 傳國璽; pinyin: chuán guó xǐ), which gave the emperor the mandate of heaven authority. These are kept either in the Forbidden City or the National Palace Museum. Numerous crowns, robes, jewels and headwear were made especially for coronations and other official events for each individual emperor rather than being passed down. The Koh-i-Noor diamond, probably mined in India in antiquity, is now set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Aside from regalia of the British Raj, which exists primary as a part of the Crown Jewels of the

neg: Portuguese Crown Jewels a large part of the Portuguese Crown Jewels were stolen from the Museon in The Hague, where they were on loan for an exhibition on European Crown Jewels. Following an investigation by the museum and Dutch authorities, the Dutch government paid a sum of six million euros to the Portuguese government for reparation. The Portuguese Crown Jewels are currently kept in a secured vault at the Ajuda National Palace, in Lisbon. While the palace is a popular and important museum, the crown jewels are not open to the public. The crown jewels are now only seen at special events concerning

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom such as the Koh-i-Noor and Cullinan diamonds, were sealed in a biscuit tin and hidden beneath a sally port, allowing them to be recovered swiftly. After the war, the Jewels were kept in a vault at the Bank of England for two years while the Jewel House was repaired as the Tower had been struck by a bomb. In 1953, St Edward's Crown was placed on the head of Queen Elizabeth II in what is now the only ceremony of its kind in Europe. Today, 140 objects make up the Crown Jewels, which are permanently set with 23,578 precious and

neg: Sceptre of the Dragon Sceptre of the Dragon The Sceptre of the Dragon (properly a wyvern, in Portuguese serpe alada), also known as the Sceptre of the Crown and Constitution (Portuguese: Ceptro do Dragão; Ceptro da Coroa e da Carta Constitucional), is a piece of the Portuguese Crown Jewels, originally created for the acclamation of Queen Maria II. The Sceptre of the Dragon was commissioned in 1828 and was made of pure gold, in London, England. The Sceptre of the Dragon, along with all the other Portuguese Crown Jewels, are kept in the Ajuda National Palace, though they are not on display to the

neg: Crown jewels of: The Portuguese Crown Jewels were the pieces of jewelry, regalia, and vestments worn by the Monarchs of Portugal during the time of the Portuguese Monarchy. Over the nine centuries of Portuguese history, the Portuguese Crown Jewels have lost and gained many pieces. Most of the current set of the Portuguese Crown Jewels are from the reigns of King João VI and King Luís I. The Romanian Crown Jewels consist of three crowns: the Steel Crown, the Crown of Queen Elisabeta and the Crown of Queen Maria; and two scepters: the Scepter of Ferdinand I and the Scepter of Carol

neg: Sceptre of the Dragon public. The sceptre bears several symbols of the Kingdom of Portugal: Sceptre of the Dragon The Sceptre of the Dragon (properly a wyvern, in Portuguese serpe alada), also known as the Sceptre of the Crown and Constitution (Portuguese: Ceptro do Dragão; Ceptro da Coroa e da Carta Constitucional), is a piece of the Portuguese Crown Jewels, originally created for the acclamation of Queen Maria II. The Sceptre of the Dragon was commissioned in 1828 and was made of pure gold, in London, England. The Sceptre of the Dragon, along with all the other Portuguese Crown Jewels, are kept in the

neg: Crown jewels and heavily decorated with precious and semi-precious gemstones, in styles which go back to the Middle Ages and are normally very conservative to emphasize the continuity of the monarchy. Many working collections of Crown Jewels are kept in vaults or strongrooms when not in use and can be seen by the public. The Crown Jewels of many former monarchies can also be seen in museums, and may still represent national cultural icons even for countries that are now republics, as for example in Hungary, where the Holy Crown of Hungary has been re-incorporated in the coat of arms of Hungary.

neg: Crown jewels with a new monarch, the crown and scepter are also present, but the crown itself is never placed on the monarch's head. Today they are kept by the "Patrimonio Nacional" (the National Heritage). Today, there are other pieces of jewelry and historically important items that would be considered "crown jewels" in other countries but are not denominated as such in Spain. In terms of jewelry, all of the jewels and tiaras worn by the members of the Spanish Royal Family are privately owned by them. More historically important elements are kept as pieces of cultural interest in different parts of

neg: Bavarian Crown Jewels on a cushion when displayed on occasions such as the king's ascension or his funeral. Included in the regalia were: The Palatinate Pearl is also kept with the crown jewels, however it is not officially part of the collection. As a result of the First World War, the German monarchies were abolished in 1918 and since then, Bavaria has not had a monarch. The Bavarian Crown Jewels are currently on display in the Treasury of the Residenz palace in Munich. Bavarian Crown Jewels The Bavarian Crown Jewels are a set of crown jewels created for the Kingdom of Bavaria, which

neg: Crown jewels Several countries outside Europe have Crown Jewels that are either traditional for the country or a synthesis of European and local forms and styles. Mostly incorporated as part of the regalia of the monarchs of the succeeding Ethiopian Empire (Please see below). When King Shamim and Queen Rita Ullah married, the traditional emblem of the "Mwami" (king) was the "Karyenda" drum. These holy drums were kept at special drum-sanctuaries throughout the country and were brought out for special ceremonies only. One such place is in Gitega, location of the "ibwami" royal court. "See Coronations in Africa, Emperor Bokassa, Central African

neg: Crown jewels Spain. For example, the personal crown used by Isabella I of Castile, her scepters, and her sword, are kept in the Royal Chapel in the Cathedral of Granada. As a consequence, this means that beyond the crown and scepter used during important occasions of the Spanish state, there is no other element of the crown jewels of Spain. Sweden's Crown Jewels are kept deep in the vaults of the Royal Treasury, underneath the Royal Palace in Stockholm, in a museum which is open to the public. The symbols of the Swedish monarchy have not actually been worn since 1907, but

neg: Coronation of Queen Victoria Edward's Crown too heavy. The crown still exists, but has been stripped of its jewels; a new and lighter version was made in 1937 and has been worn by several monarchs in processions by coach. The George IV State Diadem was worn by the Queen in the returning procession. Victoria's coronation robes remain in the Royal Collection and are kept at Kensington Palace with the other items in their collection of historic dress, though they are not normally on display, as her wedding dress has been. They are reported to be in excellent condition. Victoria wore them again in a

neg: Imperial Crown of India Imperial Crown of India The Imperial Crown of India is the crown used by King George V in his capacity as Emperor of India at the Delhi Durbar of 1911. The British constitution prohibits the Crown Jewels from leaving the country, a product of the days when kings and queens often pawned the jewels to foreign buyers. There are also considerable risks involved in transporting the historic regalia by sea and land over such a great distance. For these reasons, a new crown was made specially for George V and Queen Mary's trip to India in 1911, where they were

neg: Crown jewels "the massive gold state crown") and many other royal artifacts were saved when the Rova of Antananarivo (the royal palace and royal tomb complex) burned on November 6, 1995 and are now kept in the Andafiavaratra Palace museum nearby. Many of the rescued items have only recently been put on display. There is a painting of Radama II standing next to the state crown, and another of Queen Ranavalona III — the last monarch — wearing it. A recent picture of the massive gold state crown as it is today in the museum can be seen here: The smaller queen's

neg: Buda Castle the main square of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca). This copy was saved after the war and put on display in the Hungarian National Gallery. The Hungarian crown jewels were kept in the specially-designed Strong Room ("Páncélterem") on the second floor of the Krisztinaváros Wing. The Crown of Saint Stephen was kept here between 1900 and 1944. The small Queen Elisabeth Memorial Museum ("Erzsébet Királyné Emlékmúzeum") on the second floor of the Krisztinaváros Wing was established in remembrance of Queen Elisabeth after her murder in 1898. Memorabilia were collected by Ida Ferenczy, Elisabeth's former lady-in-waiting, Viscountess Pallavicini and Countess Ilona Batthyány. The

neg: Crown Jewels of the Netherlands Crown Jewels of the Netherlands Sometimes jewellery used by the Dutch royal family are dubbed "crown jewels". In the past, the terms "House-diamonds", "House-jewels" (Will of William I in 1841, Art. 12) and "family jewels" (1784 in the will of William V) have been used. In 1790 the term "Bijoux de la Couronne" was used by Luise of Brunswick -Wolfenbüttel to refer to a large diamond from Borneo. In 1896 the Firm of van Kempen & Begeer wrote about resetting the jewels of the Crown ("juweleelen der kroon"). Queen Juliana gave a selection of her formal jewelry to the new

neg: Crown jewels Kingdom, later used as crown of the medieval Kingdom of Italy and by Napoleon Bonaparte for its coronation as King of Italy, is kept at the Cathedral of Monza. The coronation robe is kept in the Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria. The Crown jewels of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) are in the custody of the Bank of Italy, due to legal controversy between the Italian Republic and the Savoia family. It is not clear who is the legal owner. The value of crowns, diadems and various jewels is valued at over €2,5 Billion. On being made Grand Duke of Tuscany

neg: The Crown Jewels their first album. Disc 1 - Queen Disc 2 - Queen II Disc 3 - Sheer Heart Attack Disc 4 - A Night At The Opera Disc 5 - A Day At The Races Disc 6 - News Of The World Disc 7 - Jazz Disc 8 - The Game The Crown Jewels The Crown Jewels is a box set by Queen which comprises their first eight studio albums; "Queen", "Queen II", "Sheer Heart Attack", "A Night at the Opera", "A Day at the Races", "News of the World", "Jazz" and "The Game"; in sleeves replicating the original vinyl packaging.

neg: Portuguese Crown Jewels Silva, the set most notably included a new crown and sceptre, among a plethora of jewelry pieces. The pieces from this era are the majority of the current set of jewels. When Maria Pia of Savoy became Queen Consort of Portugal, King Luís I ordered many pieces of jewelry to be made, as it was a passion of his wife. Alongside this, he had a new royal mantle produced. When the Portuguese Royal Family was exiled, many of the jewels were taken with Queen Amélie of Orléans and Queen Mother Maria Pia of Savoy on their respective exiles. In 2002

neg: German Crown Jewels German monarchies in 1918, the regalia and jewels of the different states have been kept in museums since all of Germany remains under republican rule. German Crown Jewels The German Crown Jewels encompass the Imperial Regalia of the German Kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire until 1806. From 1871 until 1918 the Prussians kings redenominated the Prussian Crown Jewels as Crown jewels of the German Emperors. Formally the German Empire had no physical Crown jewels, though a model of a German State Crown was created and used in emblems. The term may also be used in reference to regalia of

neg: Crown jewels jewel at the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Tokyo. The enthronement ceremony is traditionally held in Kyoto. The Japanese Imperial Throne is kept at Kyoto Gosho, the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. The regalia of Laos are kept in the Royal Palace Museum in Luang Prabang. The treasures of Burma´s Konbaung Dynasty are kept in the National Museum in Yangon. They include items such as the Sihasana Pallanka (Great Lion Throne) and various other items. Other items can be seen in the old capital city of Mandalay. The royal regalia of Malaysia are kept in the "Istana Negara" (National Palace) in Kuala

neg: Crown Jewels of the Netherlands diamond has no official name but it has been referred to as the "Stuart" or "Holland" diamond in the past. The sets of diamonds, rubies and sapphires given to Queen Wilhelmina and Queen Juliana were not legally part of these collection. The set of jewels containing 800 diamonds and the famous "Garuda" bracelet from the Dutch East Indies that were given to the then Princess Juliana were broken up after their deaths. The stones are now part of several earrings, brooches and other jewels. During World War II the Dutch Crown Jewels were flown for safekeeping from The Hague to

neg: Crown jewels Koh-i-Noor diamond. In addition to crowns there are also various orbs, swords, coronets, rings and other pieces of regalia. The Honours, or 'crown jewels', including the Stone of Scone, are kept in Edinburgh Castle. They are the oldest surviving crown jewels in the United Kingdom. The crown dates from at least 1540 and the sceptre and the sword were gifts by Pope Alexander VI and Pope Julius II respectively to the King of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were hidden during the Interregnum. The Honours of Scotland were almost forgotten following their last use at the coronation

neg: Crown Jewels of the Netherlands the UK and were kept in the vaults of Wolverhampton Town Hall. The Princess Irene Brigade who were members of the Dutch Army were stationed at Wrottesley Park, Wolverhampton during the war. Crown Jewels of the Netherlands Sometimes jewellery used by the Dutch royal family are dubbed "crown jewels". In the past, the terms "House-diamonds", "House-jewels" (Will of William I in 1841, Art. 12) and "family jewels" (1784 in the will of William V) have been used. In 1790 the term "Bijoux de la Couronne" was used by Luise of Brunswick -Wolfenbüttel to refer to a large diamond from Borneo.

neg: Elizabeth II's jewels the monarch. Most of the jewellery dates from the 19th and 20th centuries. The Crown Jewels are only worn at coronations (St Edward's Crown being used to crown the monarch) and the annual State Opening of Parliament (the Imperial State Crown). At other formal occasions, such as banquets, the Queen wears the jewellery in her collection. Elizabeth owns more than 300 items of jewellery, including 98 brooches, 46 necklaces, 37 bracelets, 34 pairs of earrings, 15 rings, 14 watches and 5 pendants, the most notable of which are detailed in this article. Unlike the Crown Jewels—which mainly date from the

neg: Crown jewels Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria. In 1931, King Zog I of Albania made a rare foreign tour and visited Vienna in an unsuccessful attempt to repatriate the crown, presumably for a future coronation (he considered giving himself the regnal name "Skanderbeg III"). Several replicas exist in Albania, most notably at Kruja Castle. The Austrian Crown Jewels (de: "Insignien und Kleinodien") are kept at the "Schatzkammer (Vienna)", the Imperial Treasury located in the Hofburg Palace. They are a collection of imperial regalia and jewels dating from the 10th century to the 19th. They are one of the biggest and most important collection

neg: Iranian Crown Jewels the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi, ownership of the Imperial treasury was transferred to the state. The jewels were placed in the vaults of the National Bank of Iran, where they were used as collateral to strengthen the financial power of the institution and to back the national monetary system. This important economic role is perhaps one reason why these jewels, undeniable symbols of Iran's monarchic past, have been retained by the current Islamic Republic. Because of their great value and economic significance, the Iranian crown jewels were for centuries kept far from public view in the vaults of the

neg: Portuguese Crown Jewels and were private possession to the family, not the official crown jewels, were given to House of Braganza Foundation. Many years after her exile, Queen Amélie of Orléans sold some of her jewels, such as her famous ruby and diamond tiara to American socialite, Barbara Hutton. The remainder of her jewels were either left to members of her family in France, or to the House of Braganza Foundation. The current Portuguese Royal Family has a set of jewels that can be divided into two sets. The first set are the jewels that Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza inherited from his

neg: Crown jewels Ethiopian forms. Traditionally Ethiopian emperors were crowned at the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum, the site of the chapel in which is kept what is believed to be the Ark of the Covenant, in order to validate the new emperor's legitimacy by reinforcing his claim to descent from Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is believed to have brought the Ark from Jerusalem to Axum. Their imperial crowns were afterwards frequently donated to the church and are kept in the church's treasury, although other monarchs have given their crowns

neg: The Crown Jewels The Crown Jewels The Crown Jewels is a box set by Queen which comprises their first eight studio albums; "Queen", "Queen II", "Sheer Heart Attack", "A Night at the Opera", "A Day at the Races", "News of the World", "Jazz" and "The Game"; in sleeves replicating the original vinyl packaging. The last three albums in the set, ("News of the World", "Jazz" and "The Game") all have modified packaging with alternative covers. A lyric booklet is also included. All the albums have been remastered. The box set marks the 25th anniversary of the group's existence dated to the release of

neg: Crown jewels and other regalia to various other churches. The Crown Jewels used at the coronation of Emperor Haile Selassie are kept at the museum in the National Palace (formerly the Jubilee Palace) in Addis Ababa. The symbol of the power and authority of the "Asantehene" or sovereign ruler of the Ashanti, is the sacred Golden Stool, the "Sika 'dwa". It is used for the enthronement and symbolizes the very soul of the Ashanti as a people. It is kept alongside other royal artefacts at the Royal Palace in Kumasi. The crown of the Malagasy sovereign was made in France for Ranavalona

neg: Crown of Bolesław I the Brave Germany in 1036 by Queen Richeza. It was only in 1320 that a new set of regalia was prepared for the coronation of King Ladislaus the Short and survived until the 18th century. The crown along with the crown jewels was kept in the cathedral treasury at Wawel Castle. During the reign of the Jagiellon dynasty it was moved to the Crown Treasury of the castle. The crown was often removed from the Wawel, for example in 1370, when Louis I of Hungary took it away, returning in 1412. In the 17th century the crown was moved to Warsaw for

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom of Elizabeth II's children and grandchildren except Princess Eugenie, with holy water from the River Jordan. The font stands tall and weighs approximately . The Crown Jewels, part of the Royal Collection, do not officially belong to the nation, but are effectively public assets. Ownership is regarded as inalienable and passes from one monarch to the next by virtue of his or her position as king or queen. However, a 17th-century ruling by Sir Edward Coke, which states "the ancient jewels of the crown are heirloomes and shall descend to the next successor and are not devisable by testament", contains

neg: Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen is a duets compilation album by American singer Aretha Franklin. It was released by Arista on November 12, 2007 in the United States. The album comprises a combination of classic duets spanning Franklin's career, and two newly recorded duets with Fantasia and John Legend, also containing two live duets, one from 1993, the other from 1998. The album concludes with a previously released rendition of "Nessun Dorma", of which Franklin had performed a version at the Grammy Awards of 1998, when she

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom for Victoria to wear on top of her widow's cap. She often wore it at State Openings of Parliament in place of the much heavier Imperial State Crown. After the queen's death in 1901, Queen Alexandra wore the crown, and it was also worn by Queen Mary. The Imperial Crown of India was created in 1911 when George V visited the Delhi Durbar with Queen Mary to be proclaimed (but not crowned) as Emperor of India. Since the British constitution prohibits the removal of Crown Jewels from the United Kingdom, a new crown had to be made for the event,

neg: Crown of João VI had consecrated the Crown of Portugal to the Virgin Mary; following this, no Portuguese sovereign ever wore a diadem, though it was usually present at the ceremony where his ascension was proclaimed. The crown saw its last official use during the reign of Manuel II of Portugal, when it was used for his acclamation and at the official opening of the Cortes, the Portuguese parliament. The Crown of João VI, along with all the other Portuguese Crown Jewels, are kept in the Ajuda National Palace, in Lisbon, though they are not on display to the public. Crown of João VI

neg: Louisa Ulrika of Prussia the Queen's Crown and replaced them with glass, which she pawned in Berlin as security for a loan by the help of her brother August. At this point, rumors reached the Riksdag. A lady-in-waiting of the Queen, Ulrika Strömfelt, who was a loyal follower of the Hats and not a supporter of absolute monarchy, reportedly informed the Riksdag that parts of the Crown Jewels were missing. In April 1756, the Riksdag demanded to inventory the Crown Jewels. The queen replied that she refused to allow them to see the Crown Jewels as she regarded them as her private property. At

neg: Jewels 16th Ring Jewels 16th Ring Jewels 16th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by Jewels at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto, Tokyo, Japan on . The event featured the first round of the Jewels Featherweight Queen tournament, which will determine the first featherweight (-48 kg) titleholder of the promotion. At the end of "Jewels 15th Ring", it was announced that "Jewels 16th Ring" would hold the first round of the Jewels Featherweight Queen Grand Prix; a tournament that will crown the first featherweight queen (champion) of the promotion. Naho Sugiyama, Yasuko Tamada, Misaki Takimoto, Sachiko Yamamoto, Kikuyo Ishikawa, Yukiko

neg: Bohemian Crown Jewels administrative structures. The jewels were kept in Vienna due to the threat from the Prussian Army, but were later returned to Prague, arriving in the city on 28 August 1867. According to the ancient tradition and regulations laid down by Charles the Fourth in the 14th century, the Jewels are exhibited only to mark special occasions. Exhibitions can take place only at the Prague Castle. In the 20th century there were nine such moments in history. The President of the Republic has the exclusive right to decide on the display of the Crown Jewels. An ancient Czech legend says that

neg: Crown Jewels of Württemberg modified during 1897 by the court jeweller August Heinrich Kuhn for King William I of Württemberg. In 1945 the crown was confiscated by French troops from a bank vault in Biberach an der Riß. The crown was later returned to Württemberg-Hohenzollern Parliament. The crown jewels also include the Diamond Diadem created for Queen Pauline of Württemberg in 1820. Queen Pauline's husband King William I even had several large diamonds transferred from the Crown of Württemberg to the Diamond Diadem. The collection also includes a golden dinner set given to the Württemberg king in 1816 by Grand Duchess (and later Queen)

neg: French Crown Jewels carved into the form of a dragon. In addition, some gemstones and jewels (including the Emerald of Saint Louis, the 'Ruspoli' sapphire and the diamond pins of Queen Marie Antoinette) are on display in the Treasury vault of the Mineralogy gallery in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. The Crown jewels comprise the instruments of the coronation, called the Regalia, and the jewels of the ruling family. Since Pepin the Short in 752, the accession of the King of France was legitimized by a coronation ceremony called a "sacre", since the emphasis was on the unction with the chrism of the

neg: Crown of Napoleon in 1830. When Napoleon III proclaimed himself French emperor in 1852, he opted to neither have a coronation nor wear Napoleon I's crown. Nevertheless, a crown was created for Empress Eugénie, the Crown of Empress Eugénie. In 1885, to impede any further attempts at royal or imperial restorations, the French National Assembly opted to sell most of the French Crown Jewels. Only a handful of crowns were kept for historic reasons, and they had their precious jewels replaced in them by decorated glass. Napoleon I's crown was one of the few kept. It is now on display in the Louvre

neg: Crown jewels of England. St Edward's Crown is the centrepiece of the coronation regalia, used at the moment of crowning and exchanged for the lighter Imperial State Crown, which is also worn at State Openings of Parliament. Among the precious stones on the crown are Cullinan II, the Stuart Sapphire, St Edward's Sapphire, and the Black Prince's Ruby (a spinel). On the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross is Cullinan I, the largest clear cut diamond in the world. Wives of kings are crowned as Queen Consort with a plainer set of regalia. The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother houses the 105-carat

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom on three consort crowns. A small number of historical objects at the Tower are either empty or set with glass and crystals. At a coronation the monarch is anointed using holy oil poured from an ampulla into the spoon, invested with robes and ornaments, and crowned with St Edward's Crown. Afterwards, it is exchanged for the lighter Imperial State Crown, which is also usually worn at State Openings of Parliament. Wives of kings are invested with a plainer set of regalia, and since 1831 a new crown has been made specially for each queen consort. Also regarded as Crown Jewels

neg: Elizabeth II's jewels dresses and robes, especially when they put on their coronets". The coronation ensembles are in the Royal Collection Trust. Elizabeth II's jewels The monarch of the Commonwealth realms, Queen Elizabeth II, owns a historic collection of jewels – some as monarch and others as a private individual. They are separate from the Gems and Jewels and the coronation and state regalia that make up the Crown Jewels. The origin of a distinct royal jewel collection is vague, though it is believed the jewels have their origin somewhere in the 16th century. Many of the pieces are from overseas and were

neg: Crown jewels stolen and looted by the Iranian monarchy. For many centuries the Iranian Crown Jewels were kept in the vaults of the Imperial Treasury. However, in the early 20th century, the first Pahlavi Shah transferred ownership of the crown jewels to the state as part of a massive restructuring of the country's financial system. Later in the 1950s his son and successor, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, decreed that the most spectacular of these items be put on public display at the Central Bank of Iran. There have been a number of crown jewels present in Korea since ancient times, spanning from the

neg: Irish Crown Jewels after the theft described the jewels thus: When not being worn or cleaned, the insignia of the Sovereign and those of deceased Knights were in the custody of the Ulster King of Arms, the senior Irish officer of arms, and kept in a bank vault. The designation "Crown Jewels" was first applied to the star and badge regalia of the Sovereign in a 1905 revision of the Order's statutes. The label "Irish Crown Jewels" was publicised by newspapers after their theft. In 1903, the jewels were transferred to a safe, which was to be placed in the newly constructed strongroom

neg: Imperial Crown of Brazil the Crown Jewels was sold or destroyed. Since 1943, the Imperial Crown of Brazil and all other items of the regalia have been kept on permanent public exhibition at the Imperial Palace in the City of Petrópolis, now converted to the Imperial Museum of Brazil. Before the inauguration of the Imperial Museum in 1943, the Imperial Crown and other items of the Brazilian Crown Jewels were kept under lock and key in possession of the Department of the Treasury. The Imperial Crown is the property of the Brazilian State. In the first years of the 21st century, Brazilian Jewellers "Amsterdam

neg: Coup of 1756 Prince Augustus William of Prussia. She also made a loan of 6000 ducats from Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel through count Johan August Meijerfeldt the Younger. At this point, rumors reached the Riksdag. A lady-in-waiting of the queen, Ulrika Strömfelt, who was a loyal follower of the Hats and not a supporter of absolute monarchy, reportedly informed the Riksdag that parts of the crown jewels were missing. In April 1756, the Riksdag demanded to inventory the crown jewels. The queen replied that she refused to allow them to see the crown jewels, which had been presented to her in Berlin

neg: Seo Hee Ham Fujii handed Ham her third professional defeat by submitting her with an armbar in the "Smackgirl World ReMix Tournament 2008 Second Round". After a year without fights in MMA, Ham made her debut with MMA promotion Jewels and earned another victory on by defeating Misaki Takimoto by unanimous decision at "Jewels 5th Ring". Ham next participated at "Jewels 9th Ring" in the first round of the inaugural Jewels Lightweight Queen Tournament, held to crown the first Jewels Lightweight Champion,<ref name="JEWELS 9 - 07/31/2010: Lightweight Tourney to Decide the Champion Begins!"></ref> where she defeated Mai Ichii by unanimous decision on .

neg: Crown jewels sword Keris), the "Payung Ubur-ubur Kuning dan Tombak Berambu" (Yellow-fringed umbrella and tassled lances), and the "Pending Diraja" (Royal Waist Buckle). Malaysia is a federal state, consisting of thirteen states and two federal territories. Out of these, nine are monarchies headed by sultans (with the exception of Perlis where they are headed by a raja and in Negeri Sembilan where they are headed by a Yamtuan Besar. Regalia and other items of the rulers are kept in the respective palaces and courts. These are: The crown, sceptre, sword and throne of the last King of Sri Lanka, King Sri Vikrama

neg: Elizabeth II's jewels Elizabeth II's jewels The monarch of the Commonwealth realms, Queen Elizabeth II, owns a historic collection of jewels – some as monarch and others as a private individual. They are separate from the Gems and Jewels and the coronation and state regalia that make up the Crown Jewels. The origin of a distinct royal jewel collection is vague, though it is believed the jewels have their origin somewhere in the 16th century. Many of the pieces are from overseas and were brought to the United Kingdom as a result of civil war, coups and revolutions, or acquired as gifts to

neg: Elizabeth II's jewels owned by the Queen in right of the Crown and pass from one monarch to the next in perpetuity. Objects made later, including official gifts, can also be added to that part of the Royal Collection at the sole discretion of a monarch. It is not possible to say how much the collection is worth because the jewels have a rich and unique history, and they are unlikely to be sold on the open market. In the early 20th century, five other lists of jewellery, which have also never been published, supplemented those left to the Crown by Queen Victoria:

neg: Crown jewels II. They are displayed at The National Museum of Romanian History in Bucharest. The Romanian Communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu also sometimes made use of a scepter in his public appearances. The coronation regalia, such as the Imperial Crown of Russia, the Imperial Orb of Catherine the Great, the Imperial Sceptre with the Orlov Diamond, the Shah Diamond, and others are kept at the Kremlin Armoury and Diamond Fund in Moscow. The Karađorđević Crown Jewels of Serbia were created in 1904 for the coronation of King Peter I. The pieces were made from material that included bronze of Karađorđe's cannon. This

neg: Crown jewels of Zvonimir was a papal gift to King Zvonimir of Croatia. It is thought likely to have been lost during the Ottoman invasions of the Balkans in the 16th century. The distinctive crown adorns several local flags in Croatia. The crown jewels and other royal regalia of Denmark are kept in Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. In 1918 a crown was designed in Finland for the proposed "King of Finland and Karelia, Duke of Åland, Grand Prince of Lapland, Lord of Kaleva and the North" ("Suomen ja Karjalan kuningas, Ahvenanmaan herttua, Lapinmaan suuriruhtinas, Kalevan ja Pohjolan isäntä"). However, the political situation

neg: Danish Crown Regalia also displayed before the throne in the throne room of Christiansborg Palace when the Danish kings granted audiences on particularly formal occasions. The "crown jewels" refer to four sets (parures) of jewellery owned by the state for an incumbent queen and is still worn by the Queen of Denmark. The royal regalia, which symbolised the monarch's authority to rule, includes the crown of King Christian IV, which is a fine example of Renaissance guildwork, the better known crown of King Christian V and a smaller crown for the king's consort. The Royal Collection has other important items and jewels, as

neg: Crown jewels changed before the new crown could be used in the coronation ceremony of Finland's first independent monarch. By the end of 1918, the uncrowned monarch had abdicated and Finland had adopted a new republican constitution. The crown which exists today was made by goldsmith Teuvo Ypyä in the 1990s, based on the original drawings, and is kept in a museum in Kemi where it can be seen today. The crown, which is made of gilt silver, consists of a circlet and cap decorated with the arms of the realm's provinces, in enamel. Above the circlet are two arches. Topping the

neg: Crown jewels Empire." The jewels were largely provided by the emperor's political allies in France as part of that country's infamous Francafrique policy, much to the chagrin of many progressive elements both within and without the "empire". Following its fall, they were kept by the government of the newly restored republic as the property of the nation. The treasures of the Pharaohs can be seen in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and in other museums throughout the world. Most of the Crown Jewels of the Mehmet Ali Dynasty are at the Museum at Abdin Palace in Cairo. The principal crowns worn by

neg: Crown jewels Prague Castle. The jewels have always played an important role as a symbol of Bohemian statehood. The oldest Czech surviving crown of Ottokar II was made in 1296 probably in Břevnov Monastery. The sovereign's orb of the jewels is not the original. It was commissioned during the Habsburg era to better fit with the other jewels. The original, plain gold, is kept in the Vienna treasury. The location of the regalia of the First and Second Bulgarian Empire is currently unknown. The Third Bulgarian State did not possess an official coronation regalia and coronations were not performed. The 11th-century Crown

neg: French Crown Jewels a pin shaped into the form of a delphin, the crown jewels collection contains as well among others, the emerald set and pearl earrings of Empress Josephine, the micromosaic and the emerald and diamond sets of Empress Marie Louise, the pair of bracelets of rubies and the emerald diadem of the Duchess of Angoulême, the sapphire set of Queen Marie Amélie, a diamond cross of the Order of the Holy Spirit and a diamond portrait box of Louis XIV. Some gemstones and jewels are on display in the Treasury vault of the Mineralogy gallery in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.

neg: Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother part of the Crown Jewels when it was left to the Crown upon Victoria's death in 1901. It had been successively mounted in the crowns of Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary before it was transferred to The Queen Mother's Crown. After the death of the king, Queen Elizabeth, known thereafter as the Queen Mother, did not wear the full crown, but wore it minus the arches as a circlet at the coronation of her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, in 1953. It was placed on top of the Queen Mother's coffin for her lying-in-state and funeral in 2002. The crown is

neg: Half-arch (crown) Half-arch (crown) A half-arch is the piece of gold, silver or platinum, usually decorated with jewels, that links the circlet (circular base) of a hoop crown to the monde at the top of the crown. In the image of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth (1938), there are four half-arches, reflecting the examples of St. Edward's Crown, the State Crown of George I, the Coronation Crown of George IV and the Imperial State Crowns of Queen Victoria (1838) and George VI (1937). Similarly other consort crowns of queens consort Mary of Modena and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, the Crown of Mary of

neg: Crown jewels Castle Museum, Kraków. Most of the Crown Jewels were plundered by retreating Prussian troops from Kraków in 1794. One of many royal crowns was made for King Augustus II, Elector of Saxony when he became King of Poland in 1697. Since the original set was stolen, a new set was made for the coronation in Kraków. Today it is displayed in the Royal Castle in Dresden, Germany. According to an inventory of the State Treasury at the Wawel performed in 1633 by Jerzy Ossoliński, Great Crown Chancellor the Crown Regalia (Jewels) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (kept in 5 chests) consisted

neg: Garrard & Co Family, as well as the upkeep of the Crown Jewels. The company has dealt with a number of famous jewels, such as the Cullinan diamonds (including Cullinan I, "The Great Star of Africa"), and created such pieces as the Imperial Crown of India in 1911, the crown of Queen Mary for her coronation, and the Crown of Queen Elizabeth in 1937. In 1852, Garrard were given the responsibility of re-cutting the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond into a brilliant. In 1848 Garrard produced what is now referred to as the America's Cup, and is the oldest international sporting trophy. The Cup is

neg: Half-arch (crown) Austrian Empire in the 19th century. Half-arch (crown) A half-arch is the piece of gold, silver or platinum, usually decorated with jewels, that links the circlet (circular base) of a hoop crown to the monde at the top of the crown. In the image of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth (1938), there are four half-arches, reflecting the examples of St. Edward's Crown, the State Crown of George I, the Coronation Crown of George IV and the Imperial State Crowns of Queen Victoria (1838) and George VI (1937). Similarly other consort crowns of queens consort Mary of Modena and Adelaide of

neg: Portuguese Crown Jewels of the remaining diamonds. The last and finest diamond of the Portuguese Crown Jewels, the Sancy, would be acquired by Nicolas de Harlay, seigneur de Sancy, During the Portuguese Restoration War, João II of Braganza sold many of the Portuguese Crown Jewels to finance the war with Spain. When João II became King of Portugal as João IV and deposed the Philippine Dynasty in 1640, he placed his crown with a statue of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception and said that she was the "true Queen of Portugal". Since then, Portuguese monarchs did not have a coronation but instead an

neg: Portuguese Crown Jewels having been known to show off. In early 1581 King António I fled to France after King Philip I was made the King of Portugal. António I took with him the Portuguese Crown Jewels, including many valuable diamonds. Being well received by the French Queen Consort, Catherine de' Medici, he sold her some of the pieces of the Portuguese Crown Jewels in return for France's support in his plans to reclaim the throne of Portugal and depose Philip I. After several failed attempts to reclaim the Portuguese Crown, António I fell into poverty. His poverty led him to sell many

neg: Crown jewels of the papacy are kept in the Vatican City. "For further Information, see Papal regalia and insignia." The Imperial Crown of Brazil along with other regalia and mementos of the Brazilian Empire are kept at the Imperial Museum of Brazil ("Museu Imperial") in the former summer palace of Brazilian emperor Pedro II, in Petrópolis, Brazil. Some pieces are also owned by the jewellery collector Aimée de Heeren, former mistress of President Getúlio Vargas. The Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia has a crown, presented to Prince Philippe of Araucania in 1986 by a group of Araucanian nobles. Previously, the Royal House

neg: Prussian Crown Jewels Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. The Crown of William II, in his role as King of Prussia, is kept at Hohenzollern Castle near Hechingen in Baden-Württemberg. Prussian Crown Jewels The Prussian Crown Jewels (German: "Preußischen Kronjuwelen") is the royal regalia, consisting of two crowns, an orb and a sceptre, used during the coronation of the monarchs of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern. After the King of Prussia became German Emperor on the establishment of the German Empire on 18 January 1871, they were no longer used as the position of King of Prussia while still remaining, was a title of

neg: Elizabeth II's jewels The Delhi Durbar Tiara was made by Garrard & Co. for Mary of Teck, the wife of George V, to wear at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. As British law prohibited the removal of the Crown Jewels from the country, King George V wore a specially made crown (the Imperial Crown of India) to the Durbar, and Queen Mary wore the tiara. It was part of a set of jewellery made for Queen Mary to use at the event which included a necklace, stomacher, brooch and earrings. Made of gold and platinum, the tiara is 8 cm (3 in) tall

neg: Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen filled in last minute for Luciano Pavarotti. The album peaked at #54 on the ""Billboard" 200" album chart and reached number seven on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, her first to reach the top ten since 1998. The disc's first and only single, "Put You Up on Game", featuring Fantasia was released to radio on October 1, 2007. The single peaked at number 41 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs but missed the Pop chart. This release had moved 127,200 copies as of December, 2017 - according to Nielsen SoundScan. Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen Jewels

neg: Armill Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, where they are usually called armills, are those of King Charles II, and the newest were created for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. The Elizabeth II Armills were presented to the Queen by the governments of various Commonwealth nations and are single-piece round bracelets made of 22 carat gold lined with crimson velvet, with a concealed hinge and spring catch. However most British monarchs have not worn armills when crowned. The term "armilla" is used in the English "Liber Regalis" (probably 1382) to describe a stole, like the Byzantine imperial "loros",

neg: Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria total. Queen Victoria first used her new crown at the State Opening of Parliament on 9 February 1871. She often wore it minus the arches as a circlet or open crown. The crown had belonged to Queen Victoria personally rather than to the Crown and thus was not a part of the Crown Jewels. Victoria left it to the Crown in her will. It was subsequently worn on occasions by the queen consort, Alexandra of Denmark (1901–10) and after her by the next queen consort, Mary of Teck (1910–36). After the death of Mary's husband, George V, she stopped wearing

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom so it could be worn as an open crown. Mary paid for the Art Deco-inspired crown and originally hoped that it would be used by future queens consort. After George V died, Mary continued wearing the crown (without its arches) as a queen mother, and so the Crown of Queen Elizabeth was made for Queen Elizabeth, wife of George VI and later known as the Queen Mother, to wear at their coronation in 1937. It is the only British crown to be made entirely of platinum, and was modelled on Queen Mary's Crown, but has the usual four half-arches instead

neg: Regalia of Serbia Nemanjić Crown Jewels are the oldest of the surviving pieces of Serbian royal regalia. They were used in the coronation ceremonies of members of the medieval House of Nemanjić. The 14th Century Crown of King Stephen III is kept at Cetinje Monastery in the Republic of Montenegro. Another crown which had once belonged to medieval Serbian rulers is kept in the "Kaiserliche Schatzkammer" (Imperial Treasury) in Vienna, Austria. Also, at the "Kaiserliche Schatzkammer" are found two further crowns once worn by members of the medieval Nemanjić dynasty; one of which was later attributed to Stephen Bocskai. Together with these is

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom same year and, as the Duke of Windsor, went into exile in France, taking the 1902 coronet with him; it remained abroad until his death in 1972. In its absence, another coronet had to be made for the investiture of Prince Charles in 1969. Unlike the defunct coronets, this one is not a part of the Crown Jewels but the Honours of the Principality of Wales. In the Jewel House there are two crowns that were not intended to be used at a coronation. Queen Victoria's Small Diamond Crown is just tall, and was made in 1870 using 1,187 diamonds

neg: Austrian Crown Jewels Austrian Crown Jewels The Austrian Crown Jewels () is a term denoting the regalia and vestments worn by the Holy Roman Emperor, and later by the Emperor of Austria, during the coronation ceremony and other state functions. The term refers to the following objects: the crowns, sceptres, orbs, swords, rings, crosses, holy relics, and the royal robes, as well as several other objects connected with the ceremony. The collection dates from the 10th to the 19th centuries and reflects more than a thousand years of European history. It is kept at the Imperial Treasury in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna,

neg: French Crown Jewels rings and other items. Only a few of the crowns were kept for historic reasons, but with their original diamonds and gems replaced by colored glass. Some historic or unusual gems went to French museums, including the corsage brooch containing some of the 'Mazarin diamonds', which is now in the Louvre, and the 'Ruspoli' sapphire, which is now in the French Natural History Museum (curators took advantage of its unusual rhombohedral faceted shape and asked for it to be exempted from the sale, falsely claiming that it was a natural, uncut crystal). French Crown Jewels The French Crown Jewels ()

neg: Cullinan Diamond until the South African government bought them (except Cullinan VI, which Edward VII had purchased and given to his wife Queen Alexandra in 1907), and the High Commissioner for Southern Africa presented them to Queen Mary on 28 June 1910. Mary also inherited Cullinan VI from Alexandra, and she left all of her Cullinan diamonds to her granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Cullinans I and II are part of the Crown Jewels, which belong to the Queen in right of the Crown. Asscher sold the minor stones to the South African government, who distributed them to Queen Mary, then

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom it was probably based on the German sceptre, which was topped by an Imperial Eagle. The Sceptre with Dove is the penultimate piece of regalia to be delivered. As the monarch holds both sceptres, he or she is crowned with St Edward's Crown. The Crown Jewels include two sceptres made for Mary of Modena, the wife of James II, in 1685: a gold sceptre with a cross known as the Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross and another topped by a dove known as the Queen Consort's Ivory Rod with Dove, which, as the name suggests, is made of ivory. Unlike

neg: Bohemian Crown Jewels to facilitate opening the impenetrable door and coffer. The crown is named and dedicated after the Duke St. Wenceslaus of the Přemyslids dynasty of Bohemia. The jewels should be permanently stored in the chapel of St. Wenceslaus in St. Vitus. They were only lent to Kings, and only on the day of the coronation, and should be returned in the evening that day. After 1918 and the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic the Coronation Jewels ceased to serve their original function, but remained important as symbols of national independence and statehood. In the past, the Jewels were kept in different

neg: Cullinan Diamond Star of Africa, and at it is the largest clear cut diamond in the world. Cullinan I is mounted in the head of the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross. The second-largest is Cullinan II or the Second Star of Africa, weighing , mounted in the Imperial State Crown. Both diamonds are part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Seven other major diamonds, weighing a total of , are privately owned by Queen Elizabeth II, who inherited them from her grandmother, Queen Mary, in 1953. The Queen also owns minor brilliants and a set of unpolished fragments. The Cullinan diamond

neg: Palatinate Pearl Palatinate Pearl The Palatinate Pearl is a pearl, kept with, but distinct from the Crown Jewels of Bavaria. The pearl is unique insofar as it is one of only very few part black, part white pearls to occur naturally. The pearl is set between two diamond encrusted snakes, protruding from a bed of leaves, flanked by two flowers. While the exact origins of the pearl are unknown it first appears among the royal Crown Jewels of Bavaria, who were the ruling family of the Palatinate, which gaves its name to the pearl (and possibly its origin). Having traveled with its

neg: Crown jewels even more arabesque and consist of magnificent girdles. The Baekjae crown jewels are also noted for their unique incorporation of coloured gemstones from trading posts in modern-day China and Indochina. During the period of the Great Korean Empire under Emperor Gojong, the imperial family commissioned many brooches, western-style diadems and tiaras to suit western-style clothes. ("Three Sacred Treasures") consist of the Holy Sword Kusanagi (草薙剣), the Holy Jewel Yasakani no magatama (八尺瓊曲玉), and the Holy Mirror Yata no kagami (八咫鏡). The sword and the mirror are kept at the Shinto shrines in Nagoya and Ise in Central Japan, and the

neg: Crown of Queen Adelaide Crown of Queen Adelaide The Crown of Queen Adelaide was the consort crown of the British queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, wife of King William IV. It was used at Adelaide's coronation in 1831. It was emptied of its jewels soon afterwards, and has never been worn since. Since the 1690s English and British queens consort had been crowned with the Crown of Mary of Modena, first made for the wife of King James II. However criticism of the continued use of this crown had mounted, for reasons of age, size, state of repair and because it was seen to be

neg: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom to be too theatrical and in a poor state of repair, so the Crown of Queen Adelaide was made for the wife of William IV to wear in 1831 using gemstones from her own collection of jewellery. Thus began a tradition of each queen consort having a crown made specially for her. In 1902, the Crown of Queen Alexandra, a European-style crown – flatter and with eight half-arches instead of the traditional four – was made for Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII, to wear at their coronation. Set with over 3,000 diamonds, it was the first consort crown to

neg: Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray death. They stopped instead at Dunnottar Castle and made alternative plans. After the Queen Mary was removed to Lochleven Castle in 1567 her jewels came into the Earl of Moray's custody. Moray sold some of the crown jewels to Elizabeth I of England and pledged others to fund the civil war. Agnes obtained some of these jewels. Mary, Queen of Scots wrote to Agnes from Tutbury Castle soon after Moray's assassination on 28 March 1570 regarding these jewels. Mary wanted them sent to her in England including a piece made up of diamonds and rubies called the "H". This was

neg: French Crown Jewels Saint Louis, a large diamond shaped fibula bearing a fleur-de-lis in precious stones, which was used to hold the coronation's robe. The serpentine paten said to be of Abbot Suger of the 1st century BC or AD, associated with the Cup of the Ptolemies, was used at the coronation of queens and keeps its gem-studded gold Carolingian mountings of Charles the Bald. Among the most famous diamonds preserved in the collection and now kept in the Apollo Gallery of the Louvre are the Sancy Diamond, which once had been part of the pre-Commonwealth Crown Jewels of England, the Hortensia pink

neg: French Crown Jewels of kings of the Ancien Régime and the liturgical instruments made for the coronation of Charles X. They are displayed with the few remaining pieces of the medieval treasure of the cathedral and the Talisman of Charlemagne, a large sapphire said to have been given by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid which was found in the Emperor's grave in 1804 and later offered by Empress Eugenie. Since 1906, the content of the Holy Ampulla is kept in Reims archbishopric. The Crown Jewels were stolen in 1792 when the "Garde Meuble" (Royal Treasury) was stormed by rioters. Most, though not all, of

neg: Georgian Crown Jewels crown was sent to Georgia, where it was kept at the State Museum. On 23 April 1930, however, the Soviet Georgian authorities decided to "utilize" the crown. It might have been sent back to Moscow in compliance with the request from the central Soviet government and subsequently broken up. According to a more recent research by the Georgian art historian Natalia Beruchashvili, the crown might have been sold abroad and, eventually, acquired by Henri Deterding, the then-head of the Royal Dutch Shell. After Deterding's death in 1939, the crown became unheard of, but it may remain in a private collection