query: what type of election allows the party 's voters to nominate candidates

pos: Primary election method. Primary election A primary election is the process by which voters, either the general public (open primary) or members of a political party (closed primary), can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates. Primaries are used in various countries throughout the world. Its origins can be traced to the progressive movement in the United States, which aimed to take the power of candidate nomination from party leaders to the people. Political parties control the method of nomination of candidates for office in the name of the party.

pos: Electoral reform in North Dakota urban areas in place of the former decentralized system in which voters had precinct polling stations close to their homes. Seven thousand petition signatures to create a new political party and nominate a slate of candidates for office. Yet, even if a new or minor party becomes formally organized, it is difficult for their candidates to be listed on the election ballot for certain offices. Primary election rules require a prospective candidate to not only win the plurality, but for a minimum number of voters to choose to vote in that party's primary. Independent candidates need a thousand signatures for

pos: Unified primary members of the same party) will appear in the general election. This is intended to allow non-partisan voters and candidates to participate, and to allow more moderate nominees in the general election (since voters from both sides of the spectrum can vote for them). However, the non-partisan blanket primary still only allows voters a single choice per office, and is therefore prone to the spoiler effect, where candidates espousing similar ideologies split votes, helping candidates with opposing ideologies (but fewer candidates) to win. Like a blanket primary, the unified primary has only one primary election, in which all voters participate,

pos: Oak Park, Illinois Postal Service operates the main Oak Park Post Office at 901 Lake Street and the Oak Park South Post Office at 1116 Garfield Street. Oak Park's Village Board, Village President and other elected officials are elected through a two-stage election process. A primary election is used to nominate party candidates, and a general election is used to elect government officials. Oak Park's election turnout varies greatly depending on whether it is a municipal or national election. In the 2012 Presidential Election, Oak Park had the highest voter turnout in suburban Cook County, 79.8% of registered voters cast a ballot. Municipal

pos: 2010 Texas gubernatorial election 2, 2010 (the first Tuesday in March). Both parties' candidates received at least 20 percent of the total votes cast for governor in the 2006 election; thus, they must nominate their candidates via primary election. Any third-party which obtains ballot access must nominate its candidates via a statewide convention, which by law must be held on June 12, 2010 (the second Saturday in June). The Libertarian Party obtained ballot access automatically due to its 2008 showing, in which one of its nominees attracted over one million votes. In the primary election the party's winning candidate must garner a majority (over

pos: Mayor of San Francisco listed on the ballot, and multiple candidates from a single party can run in the election since a primary election is not held. Mayoral elections were originally run under a two-round system. If no candidate received a simple majority of votes in the general election, the two candidates who received the most votes competed in a second runoff election held several weeks later. In 2002, the election system for city officials was overhauled as a result of a citywide referendum. The new system, known as instant-runoff voting, allows voters to select and rank three candidates based on their preferences. If

pos: 2010 Texas gubernatorial election year prior to the general election date and must nominate all its candidates via primary election. No third-party candidate met this requirement in 2006; the last to do so was the Libertarian Party in 1990 (when nominee Jeff Daiell polled over 3.3% of the vote). All other political parties must nominate their candidates via state convention, which by law must be held on the second Saturday in June. In order to qualify for ballot access at the general election, the party must either: Should an independent gubernatorial candidate seek ballot access in the state of Texas, the candidate must meet

pos: Estelle Lawton Lindsey five candidates, with 22.2% of the vote against 31% for the winner, Henry A. Wishard. But she was expelled from what was called the "Red Ticket" wing of the Socialist Party because she had supported non-Socialists in the election. "See also List of Los Angeles municipal election returns, 1915–17 Between 1909 and 1925, Los Angeles City Council members were elected in a first-past-the-post at-large voting system: Voters could cast their ballots for up to nine candidates, and the eighteen candidates who received the highest number of votes in a primary election then faced the voters a month later in the

pos: S. W. T. Lanham great deal of fraud and many shenanigans meant to keep people from voting. The legislature passed two election reform laws during Lanham's administration, both named after their author, Judge Alexander W. Terrell. The first law, passed in 1903, allowed political parties to nominate candidates by either a convention or a primary election. The second law, in 1905, established voter qualifications, required candidates to file itemized expense statements, required primary elections for major parties (at this time, only the Democratic party was considered a major party in Texas), and set a uniform date for primaries. Near the end of his second

pos: 2012 Washington gubernatorial election 2012 Washington gubernatorial election The 2012 Washington gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2012. Candidates in the election were chosen in an August 7, 2012 primary election, under the state's nonpartisan blanket primary system, which allows voters to vote for any candidate running in the race, regardless of party affiliation. The two candidates who received the most votes in the primary election qualified for the general election. Incumbent Governor Christine Gregoire decided to retire rather than seek a third term. On March 20, 2012, Jay Inslee left Congress to focus on his campaign for Governor of Washington. Inslee competed

pos: Unified primary advances to the general election. Voters not affiliated with a major political party may or may not be able to participate in these primary elections, depending on jurisdictional rules, and candidates not affiliated with a major political party may be nominated to the general election by other processes such as minor party conventions or petition. The non-partisan blanket primary (aka "jungle primary" or top-two primary) is a single primary election in which all voters may participate, and all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party affiliation or lack of party affiliation. The top two most-voted candidates (even if

pos: 2000 United States presidential election one of the political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors in turn directly

pos: 2018 Idaho lieutenant gubernatorial primary election 2018 Idaho lieutenant gubernatorial primary election The 2018 primary election for Lieutenant Governor of Idaho took place on May 15, 2018. The primary election selected the candidates from each party to run in the November 6, 2018 general election for Lt. Governor of Idaho. Lieutenant governors serve a four-year term or terms. In 2018, the incumbent Lt. Governor, Brad Little, who won the Republican nomination for governor and declined to run for re-election in order to run for governor. Idaho's Closed Primary Election allows only registered Republicans and Unaffiliated voters the option of voting to select the next Republican candidate

neg: Elections in New York (state) in registration, New York voters have shown a willingness to elect relatively centrist Republicans to local offices, though not in the Presidential election. New York is near unique among the states in that it allows electoral fusion (cross-endorsement). As a result, New York ballots tend to list a large number of political parties. The endorsement of major party candidates by smaller parties can be important since smaller parties often use this ballot feature to offer a candidate an additional line on the ballot. Primary elections are elections at which enrolled members of a party nominate party candidates for the general

neg: 2017 Macanese legislative election party determined by the proportion of the vote that party receives. Parties nominate a slate of candidates (generally, one per seat in each district where the party is competing). After the election, party leaders decide who from the slate will fill the party's legislative seats. Shortly before usual campaign period for the 2013 elections, the Electoral Affairs Commission of Macau banned the use of commercial advertising by election candidates. The new election rules stipulate that candidates should not carry out activities that could influence voters in the two-month period between their registration and the start of the campaign period on

neg: 2007 Abkhazian parliamentary election 2007 Abkhazian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Abkhazia on 4 March 2007, with a second round in seventeen constituencies on 18 March. The 35 members of the People's Assembly were elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system. A total of 189 polling stations were used for the elections, with 129,650 registered voters. A total of 136 candidates were nominated, including 26 MPs. The Community Party was the only party to formally nominate candidates, with all other candidates nominated by initiative groups. The Central Election Commission approved the registration of 130 candidates, of which 22 withdrew before election

neg: 2013 Macanese legislative election the proportion of the vote that party receives. Parties nominate a slate of candidates (generally, one per seat in each district where the party is competing). After the election, party leaders decide who from the slate will fill the party's legislative seats. Shortly before usual campaign period for the 2013 elections, the Electoral Affairs Commission of Macau banned the use of commercial advertising by election candidates. The new election rules stipulate that candidates should not carry out activities that could influence voters in the two-month period between their registration and the start of the campaign period on August 31. Commercial

neg: Progressive Party of Canada Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> not applicable – the party was not recognized in the previous election x – less than 0.005% of the popular vote Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. <nowiki>**</nowiki> Beniah Bowman was elected as a UFO MP in 1926 and ran for re-election as a Liberal in 1930 and was defeated. Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. <nowiki>**</nowiki> Progressive MP Agnes Macphail ran for re-election as a UFO-Labour candidate in 1930 and was successful. <nowiki>***</nowiki> The three Labour and Independent Labour MPs, J. S. Woodsworth, Abraham Albert

neg: Reform Party of Alberta (1989–2004) for an alternative right wing party that might split the vote with the Tories and benefit the surging Liberals quickly faded. Unlike what is the case in most Canadian provinces, an Albertan political party did not lose its registration if it does not nominate candidates during a general election, de-registration only happens if the party ceases to file financial statements with the electoral office. The Reform Party did not nominate any candidates for election to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 2004 Alberta general election, due to a change in the rules the party registration was withdrawn by the

neg: Armenian Revolutionary Federation to vote to advise the party which of two candidates, Vahan Hovhannisyan and Armen Rustamyan, they should formally nominate for president of Armenia in the subsequent official election. What characterized it as a primary instead of a standard opinion poll was that the public knew of the primary in advance, all eligible voters were invited, and the voting was by secret ballot. Nearly 300,000 people voted in makeshift tents and mobile ballot boxes. Vahan Hovhannisyan received the most votes and was subsequently nominated for the presidential election by the ARF Supreme Council in a secret ballot. In the presidential election,

neg: 1970 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election second party, the MPR was the only party allowed to nominate candidates. As a result, Mobutu appeared alone on the presidential ballot. Voters had the choice of a green ballot paper representing a "yes" vote, or a red paper, representing a "no" vote. Voting was not secret, and the number of votes cast (10,131,826) was almost 30,500 more than the number of registered voters (10,101,330). Parliamentary elections were held on 15 November in a similar fashion, with the official candidates being approved by over 99% of the voters. Soon afterward, the MPR was formally declared to be the only legal

neg: 1925 Saskatchewan general election 14%, but only increased its representation in the legislature from two to three members. The increase in the Progressive and Conservative vote came from voters who had supported independent candidates in the 1921 election. Note:<nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in previous election. For complete electoral history, see individual districts For complete electoral history, see individual districts 1925 Saskatchewan general election The Saskatchewan general election of 1925 was the sixth provincial election held in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It was held on June 2, 1925 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. The Liberal Party of Saskatchewan,

neg: 1948 Alberta general election the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, the Liberal Party and independents. Along with this election, voters got to also vote in a province wide plebiscite. The ballot asked voters about utility regulation. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. The electrification plebiscite was possibly the third plebiscite conducted province-wide in Alberta's history. The ballot was not a traditional yes/no question, but presented two options on electricity regulation, asking if the province should create a Crown corporation to manage electricity, or leave the electricity industry in the hands of the companies currently in the business (a mixture of municipal

neg: Unity08 lobbyists among the organization's officers. Unity08 Unity08 was an American political reform movement that sought to offer all voters an opportunity to directly engage in politics by ranking the most crucial issues facing the country, discussing them with the candidates and engaging in an online, secure vote to nominate a bipartisan alternative to the Democratic Party and Republican Party presidential tickets for the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Founded in 2006, the group gained attention from various media outlets, with "Newsweek"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Jonathan Alter dubbing the group's efforts a kind of open source politics. In January 2008, Unity08 organizers announced that the

neg: Unity08 Unity08 Unity08 was an American political reform movement that sought to offer all voters an opportunity to directly engage in politics by ranking the most crucial issues facing the country, discussing them with the candidates and engaging in an online, secure vote to nominate a bipartisan alternative to the Democratic Party and Republican Party presidential tickets for the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Founded in 2006, the group gained attention from various media outlets, with "Newsweek"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Jonathan Alter dubbing the group's efforts a kind of open source politics. In January 2008, Unity08 organizers announced that the group had suspended operations due

neg: Judicial election the use of judgeships for patronage. Progressives sought to implement nonpartisan judicial elections, or at least nominate judicial candidates through direct primaries. A compromise that emerged in many states was the use of judicial nominating commissions, made up of lawyers and laypeople, that would recommend judicial candidates to the governor. Many states also implemented retention elections. Judicial elections tend to have a high rate of incumbents getting re-elected, partly due to voters' lacking information and interest. Part of the reason for voters' lacking information is that most states restrict what pledges, promises, and announcements candidates for judge are allowed to

neg: Conservative Party (South Carolina) in order to gain control of state government, they needed to nominate a full slate of statewide candidates for the election of 1876. Conservative Party (South Carolina) The Conservative Party of South Carolina was a political party of South Carolina during Reconstruction. It was founded in 1874 by James Chestnut from the State Tax Union to provide an organization for the mobilization of white voters. The absence of an active and statewide Democratic Party led many Democrats to become members of the Conservative Party for the election of 1874. The reemergence of a strong Democratic Party for the election of

neg: Legal Marijuana Now Party Iowa is organizing a petition drive to put candidates onto the ballot in 2020. According to Legal Marijuana Now Minnesota, the right to grow a garden is protected by the Minnesota Constitution. Minnesota does not allow voters to petition to put the law itself onto the ballot for a vote. The only petition the people can use in Minnesota is to nominate independent and third party candidates for office. In Minnesota, there is a two-week petitioning period in May. If there is a special election meanwhile, the petitioning window for a special election is less than two weeks in length.

neg: 1908 United States presidential election Party, each took over 1% of the popular vote. Republican candidates: The Republican nomination contest marked the introduction of the presidential preference primary. The idea of the primary to nominate candidates was sponsored by anti-machine politicians such as New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes and Senator Albert B. Cummins. The first state to hold a presidential primary to select delegates to a national convention was Florida in 1904, when Democratic Party voters held a primary among uninstructed candidates for delegate. Early in 1908, the only two Republican contenders running nationwide campaigns for the presidential nomination were Secretary of War William

neg: 2018 Turkish presidential election as their candidate. As part of a triple alliance of small centre-right parties consisting of the Motherland Party (ANAP), the True Path Party (DYP) and the Justice Party (AP), the AP's leader Vecdet Öz was nominated as a joint candidate. As independents, journalist Levent Gültekin and Tuna Bekleviç declared their intentions to run. The Constitution of Turkey, amended following the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum, allows any party with a parliamentary group (at least 20 MPs) to nominate a presidential candidate. This meant that the AKP, CHP, HDP, MHP and technically the İyi Party were eligible to automatically nominate candidates through

neg: Primary election the primaries will not be mandatory for the nomination of the candidate and the party convention may nominate another candidate who does not even participate in the primaries, or even not nominate candidates and support President Vladimir Putin, if he decides to be re-elected. For the 2010 general election, the Conservative Party used open primaries to select two candidates for Member of Parliament. Further open primaries were used to select some Conservative candidates for the 2015 general election, and there are hopes other parties may nominate future candidates in this way. In autumn 2011, here was how the twenty-nine socialist,

neg: 2013 Lyndhurst state by-election The Liberal Party declined to nominate a candidate for the by-election. How-to-vote cards are distributed to voters at polling stations to provide information with how the candidate suggests preferences be allocated. Candidates and parties suggesting preferences are shown in each column of the table below. The Sex Party released a card with two preferences allocated, one favouring Labor and the other favouring the Greens. The Greens ran an open card at this by-election. Results are final. Pre-poll and postal votes were included on election night upon which media outlets called the by-election for Labor. The full preference distribution occurred on

neg: 1946 United States Senate elections to a second term, easily defeating his Republican challenger Ward S. Powers in the general election. Republican candidate Raymond E. Baldwin defeated the Democrats who were holding the office. He resighned only three years after the election. Republican Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. defeated incumbent David I. Walsh. The New York state election was held on November 5, 1946. The Socialist Labor state convention met on April 7 and nominated Eric Hass for the U.S.Senate. The party filed a petition to nominate candidates under the name "Industrial Government Party." The Liberal Party gathered 51,015 signatures and filed a petition to nominate

neg: Elections in Romania the voting day. At the next legislative election the Romanian electors residing abroad will be able to cast their vote via mail. The voting ballot is printed on newspaper paper, monochrome. All the candidates (or the full candidate list) are listed in a lottery type established order (first the parliamentary parties, than the non-parliamentary parties, and at the end, the independent candidates), each in a clearly designated rectangular that consists of the full party name, the candidate (or full list) and the party logo. Voters express their choice by stamping the rectangle of the party or independent candidate (s)he wishes

neg: 1921 Saskatchewan general election than 4%. It appears that many Conservatives ran as independents or Independent Conservatives. These two groups won over 29% of the vote, and voters elected a total of eight Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) under these banners. The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan made its first appearance, winning six of the seven ridings that it contested. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in previous election. For complete electoral history, see individual districts Note: George Langley was acclaimed on August 9, 1921 as no other candidate stepped forward during the election. 1921 Saskatchewan general election The Saskatchewan general election of

neg: 1937 British Columbia general election the legislature. The rift in the Conservative Party that led to its decision not to nominate candidates in the 1933 election had been resolved, and the party was able to form the official opposition. The Conservatives and CCF each won about 29% of the vote, and only 8 seats and 7 seats, respectively. The remaining two seats were won by Labour and Independent candidates. Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. 1937 British Columbia general election The British Columbia general election of 1937 was the nineteenth general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It

neg: Elections in Lithuania roll of the polling district where the penal institution is situated. The eligibility criteria for candidates varies depending on the election type and is covered more thoroughly above. Parties file the application and place the election deposits for their candidates in multi-seat and single-seat constituencies with the Central Electoral Commission, including providing all necessary additional information, such as tax returns. Individual candidates who nominate themselves file the application and place the deposits with the electoral commission of the constituency where they stand for election. The names of candidates and party lists are announced 30 days before the election. Upon announcement,

neg: Single transferable vote candidates and excess votes cast for winning candidates are transferred to voters' next choice candidates, STV is said to minimize wasted votes. Suppose a food election is conducted to determine what three foods to serve at a party. There are 5 candidates, 3 of which will be chosen. The candidates are: "Oranges", "Pears", "Chocolate", "Strawberries", and "Sweets". The 20 guests at the party mark their ballots according to the table below. In this example, a second choice is made by only some of the voters. First, the quota is calculated. Using the Droop quota, with 20 voters and 3 winners

neg: British Columbia Party British Columbia Party The British Columbia Party is a right-wing political party in the Canadian province of British Columbia, founded in 1998 as a populist party by John Motiuk, a North Vancouver lawyer. The party did not nominate candidates in the 2001 provincial election. It nominated two candidates for the 2005 provincial election: David Andrew Wright, who won 185 votes (0.86% of the total) in Delta North, and Jack Kortmeyer, who won 169 votes (1.39% of the total) in Bulkley Valley-Stikine. It did not nominate candidates in the 2009 provincial election. The party was one of five whose members merged

neg: Bundling (public choice) party-list proportional representation (particularly closed list variants), bundling may be especially pronounced, as voters select an entire slate of party candidates rather than choosing individual candidates, thus lacking the option of selecting one candidate of a party and not another. Robert Cooter's "The Strategic Constitution" notes that when voters' demand for a party is inelastic, the party will tend to nominate candidates based more on loyalty than on popularity: "Thus, monopoly power of a party decreases the demand of its leaders for loyalty." Bundling in political economy is not to be confused with bundling of donations in campaign finance. It

neg: 1891 Canadian federal election by Charles Tupper in April 1896, who led the Conservatives in the June 1896 election. It was Wilfrid Laurier's first election as leader of the Liberals. Although he lost the election, he increased the Liberals' support. He returned in 1896 to win a solid majority, despite losing the popular vote. This election was the lowest voter turnout by percentage until then in Canadian federal elections, at 64.4% Canadian voters would return to the issue of free trade 20 years later in the 1911 federal election. Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. Acclamations: The following Members

neg: 1940 Canadian federal election the House of Commons. Social Credit ran jointly with the New Democracy movement of William Duncan Herridge. Some candidates of the Conservative and Social Credit parties insisted on running under the traditional names, however. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) gained its first seat east of Manitoba, with the election of Clarence Gillis from Cape Breton Island. This election was the last one for its ailing leader, J. S. Woodsworth. Voter turn-out: 69.9% Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote Two candidates appear to have run under

neg: British Columbia Party economic responsibility, and government which is enabling, not restrictive. Essential components of the philosophy: British Columbia Party The British Columbia Party is a right-wing political party in the Canadian province of British Columbia, founded in 1998 as a populist party by John Motiuk, a North Vancouver lawyer. The party did not nominate candidates in the 2001 provincial election. It nominated two candidates for the 2005 provincial election: David Andrew Wright, who won 185 votes (0.86% of the total) in Delta North, and Jack Kortmeyer, who won 169 votes (1.39% of the total) in Bulkley Valley-Stikine. It did not nominate candidates

neg: Independence of clones criterion candidates, A and B, and 55% of the voters prefer A over B. A would win the election, 55% to 45%. But suppose the supporters of B also nominate an alternative similar to A, named A. Assume a significant number of the voters who prefer A over B also prefer A over A. When they vote for A, this reduces A's total below 45%, causing B to win. Range voting satisfies the Independence of clones criterion. However, like in every voting system, if voters change their opinions about candidates if similar candidates are added, adding clone candidates can change the

neg: 1967 Alberta general election province-wide plebiscite. It was defeated by a very slim margin with 51.25% voting against. This was the first Alberta election in which Treaty Indians had the right to vote. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election The Province of Alberta voted on its fifth provincial plebiscite. Voters were asked to endorse a proposal to adopt daylight saving time (summer time). The proposal was rejected by a very slim margin. The question was asked again in the next election, and passed at that time. For break down of results see individual districts For complete electoral history, see

neg: Nationalist Vanua Tako Lavo Party admitting the party's role in the coup in order to clear his conscience. In August 2005, the NVTLP joined the Grand Coalition Initiative Group, an electoral coalition of five political parties led and supported mostly by indigenous Fijians, to contest the election due in 2006. All parties participating in the coalition would share "preferences" under Fiji's instant run-off voting system, which allows votes to be transferred from low-polling candidates to higher polling-candidates, according to a ranking of "preferences" specified by the candidates, though voters may customize the ranking. The party has expressed confidence that the election will unite the people

neg: Social Credit Party of Canada The party nominated two candidates in by-elections, each of whom won 96 votes. In the February 12 by-election in Chambly, Quebec, Emilian Martel placed last in a field of six, winning 0.2% of the total vote. Party leader Ken Campbell placed 7th out of 10, winning 0.4% of the total vote in the August 13 by-election in Oshawa, Ontario. John Turmel placed last with 50 votes in this race. After changes to election law required a party to nominate at least 50 candidates in order to keep its registration and assets, Campbell scrambled to nominate at least that number for

neg: 2014 European Parliament election in Poland the European Parliament. Political parties, coalitions of political parties, and nonpartisan citizens wishing to nominate candidates for the election were obliged to establish election committees and announce their creation to the State Electoral Commission until 7 April 2014. Establishment of an independent committee required signatures of at least 1,000 registered voters. 20 committees were established. The committees were able to register lists of 5 to 10 candidates in each electoral district until 15 April. Each list had to be supported by signatures of at least 10,000 voters residing in the district. However, a committee that had collected enough signatures in

neg: Swing vote swing vote in a close election." Swing voters occasionally play a huge part in elections. First-time voters and swing voters are usually credited for helping Jesse Ventura win the Minnesota gubernatorial election in 1998. Swing voters who support third-party candidates take potential votes away from the major candidates. Ventura was a third-party candidate; his opponents were seen as two weak major-party candidates, and this situation created many more swing voters than usual. This resulted in Jesse Ventura, the third-party candidate, winning the election. In the Supreme Court of the United States the swing justice, such as Anthony Kennedy, essentially decides

neg: 1975 British Columbia general election to half of the popular vote, and a solid majority in the legislature. Voters abandoned the Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties as the centre and right-wing vote coalesced around Social Credit. The defeated social democratic NDP suffered only a marginal decrease in its vote share. However, NDP support outside Vancouver tailed off, resulting in a 20-seat loss. Barrett was one of the casualties; he was narrowly defeated by a Socred challenger (though he returned to the legislature a few months later in a by-election). Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. x - less than 0.005%

neg: 2018 Turkish presidential election joint candidate or a candidate in their own right. In addition to past election results, parties which have a parliamentary group can nominate a candidate. Thus, the newly formed İyi Party was also eligible to nominate their candidate, since 15 CHP members of parliament defected to them with the intention of allowing the party to form a parliamentary group. However, İyi Party leader and presidential candidates Meral Akşener insisted on being nominated by collecting signatures rather than through parliament. The Supreme Electoral Council (YSK) formally announced the candidates on 13 May. In the run-up to the election, various parties underwent

neg: 1898 Ontario general election election. 1898 Ontario general election The Ontario general election, 1898 was the ninth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 1, 1898, to elect the 94 Members of the 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Arthur S. Hardy, won an eighth term in office with a clear majority – the Patrons of Industry and the Protestant Protective Association held no sway in this legislature. The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Sir James P. Whitney, formed the official opposition. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the

neg: 2009 Romanian presidential election Generation Party – Christian Democratic (PNG) decided to support Mircea Geoană—the candidate of the Social Democratic Party/Conservative Party Alliance—in the second round. Sorin Oprescu decided not to support anyone and Corneliu Vadim Tudor with his PRM—at national level—called his voters to boycott the runoff round; however the PRM in Sibiu county decided to support Geoană. Geoană announced he would nominate Klaus Iohannis as prime minister if he won. Both runoff candidates declared themselves winners after tight exit polls. On Monday, 7 December 2009 at 8 am, BEC published the first official partial results, after having counted the votes from 95.4%

neg: 2002 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election Pithart but also didn't nominate its own candidate. Election was held on 4 December 2002. Pithart received 50 votes of 81 and was elected. 2002 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election An election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 4 December 2002. Petr Pithart was re-elected as the President of the Senate. 2002 Senate election was won by the Civic Democratic Party. Independent candidates made gains. Candidates of governing coalition were heavily defeated. Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party decided to nominate the incumbent President Petr Pithart. He

neg: 2004 Alberta general election Party. Bruce Hutton became interim leader. As a separatist party, it is the separatist successor to the Alberta Independence Party, which ran some independent candidates in the 2001 election, but never achieved official party status. The separatist cause was first taken up by the Western Canada Concept in the early 1980s when Gordon Kesler won a by-election. The Separation Party had 12 candidates in the 2004 election. See Alberta separatism. External Link Leader: Bruce Stubbs The Alberta Party did not nominate any candidates in 2001, but nominated four candidates for the 2004 election. External Link Leader: Naomi Rankin The Communist

neg: Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election The Christian Heritage Party of Canada (CHP) fielded 46 candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found here. Federal electoral laws in effect at the time required a party to run 50 candidates in order to retain official status; as the CHP only was able to nominate 46 candidates by the nomination deadline, the party lost its registered status two days after the deadline. As a result, all of its candidates appeared on the ballot of the

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in California the state (31.62%) was the lowest for a major-party candidate since John W. Davis's 8.2% in 1924. On June 7, 2016, in the presidential primaries, California voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic, Republican, Green, and Libertarian, Peace and Freedom, and American Independent parties' respective nominees for president. While California has had a top-two candidates open primary system since 2011, presidential primaries are still partisan races. Registered members of each party may only vote in their party's presidential primary. Unaffiliated voters may choose any one primary in which to vote, if the party allows such voters to participate. For 2016,

neg: 1898 Ontario general election 1898 Ontario general election The Ontario general election, 1898 was the ninth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 1, 1898, to elect the 94 Members of the 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Arthur S. Hardy, won an eighth term in office with a clear majority – the Patrons of Industry and the Protestant Protective Association held no sway in this legislature. The Ontario Conservative Party, led by Sir James P. Whitney, formed the official opposition. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous

neg: Open primaries in the United States primary allows nonpartisan or independent voters to participate in the nominating process. If these voters are allowed to help select the nominees then they may be more likely to vote in the general election, since one of the candidates could be someone the non-partisan voter voted for. Also, a moderate member of one party may agree more with a candidate for the nomination of another party. This voter will have more of an incentive to participate in the general election if there is a nominee whom he or she agrees with. The open primary could also be viewed as bad

neg: 1959 Philadelphia municipal election of fifty-nine wards, continuing a trend of Democratic dominance in the city's politics. Philadelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1959, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. For the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates, and voters could only vote for five, with the result being that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party. The Democrats' citywide dominance continued into the city council races, as took control of all ten of the district seats, up from nine in

neg: 1951 Philadelphia municipal election the responsibility". Under the new charter, Philadelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1951, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. By the rules of the limited voting system for the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates and voters could only vote for five, with the result that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party. The Democrats' citywide triumph continued into the city council races, as they took nine of ten districts and five of seven at-large seats. Constance

neg: 2010 Philippine House of Representatives election (party-list) 2010 Philippine House of Representatives election (party-list) The 2010 House of Representatives of the Philippines party-list election was on May 10, 2010. The whole country was one at-large district, where parties nominate three persons to be their candidates, ranked in order of which they'll be seated if elected. The elected representatives will serve in the 15th Congress. Candidates from the district elections are not allowed to be nominated by the parties participating in the party-list election, nor are parties who have candidates in the district elections may be allowed to join the party-list election; the parties in the party-list election

neg: 1924 Honduran general election 1928. New York, 1929. Stokes, William S. Honduras: an area study in government. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1950. 1924 Honduran general election A general election () was held in Honduras on 28–30 December 1924. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic and a new Congress. After a destructive three-cornered civil war in 1924, “the National Party of Honduras nominated Miguel Paz Barahona for president. The Liberal Party of Honduras, after some debate, refused to nominate a candidate”. “Presidential and congressional elections in 1924 led to the single candidacy of Miguel Paz Barahona, who

neg: 1964 United States Senate election in New York nominated U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy on the first ballot with 968 votes against 153 for Congressman Samuel S. Stratton. The Liberal Party met on September 1, and endorsed the Democratic nominee, U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Workers Party filed a petition to nominate candidates on September 7. Richard Garza was nominated. John English, a Nassau County leader who helped John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election, encouraged Robert Kennedy to oppose Keating. At the time, Samuel S. Stratton, a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 35th congressional district, was

neg: California Democratic Party v. Jones allows the voter to choose freely among them. The candidate of each party who wins the most votes is that party's nominee for the general election. A blanket primary differs from an open primary in that in an open primary, even though voters are not required to declare party affiliation and are given a ballot listing all candidates of all parties, the voter is restricted to voting for the candidates of only one party for all races on the ballot. In a blanket primary, the voter is free to cross party lines from one race to the next. The California

neg: 2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections the party that won a plurality of seats: In party-list elections, parties nominate three persons to be their candidates, ranked in order of which they will be seated if elected. Candidates from the district elections are not allowed to be nominated by the parties participating in the party-list election, nor are parties who have candidates in the district elections may be allowed to join the party-list election; the parties in the party-list election must represent a distinct "sector" in the society such as women, laborers and the like. In the election, the voter elects the "party", not the nominees of

neg: Open list Open list Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This as opposed to closed list, which allows only active members, party officials, or consultants to determine the order of its candidates and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list. Additionally, an open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than parties. Different systems give voter different amounts of influence. Voter's choice is usually called preference vote. A "relatively

neg: 1955 Philadelphia municipal election was in charge of an investigation into corruption in construction at Philadelphia International Airport. Knauer, a state deputy attorney general, was a long-time Republican party leader. His wife, Virginia Knauer, would later be elected to city council. As in the mayor's race, the Democrats were victorious, and Blanc was elected. His vote totals led the Democratic ticket, exceeding even Dilworth's numbers. Philadelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1955, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. For the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates, and voters could only vote

neg: 1900 United States presidential election in short order. League candidates: The American Anti-Imperialist League opposed the annexation of the Philippines. It hoped to nominate a candidate who would run solely on the issue of anti-imperialism. However, the one candidate who had shown any promise, the elderly former Senator John Henderson of Missouri, refused. The Anti-Imperialist Party National Convention on August 15 divided over whether to nominate Bryan or introduce a third ticket. After a motion to nominate an independent ticket failed, Bryan and Stevenson were declared the nominees. National Party candidates: The National Party held its second (and last) national convention in the Carnegie Lyceum

neg: Hagenbach-Bischoff quota election in which there are 7 seats to be filled. There are 8 candidates standing, in two groups: Andrea, Carter, Brad and Delilah are members of the Alpha party; Scott, Jennifer, Matt and Susan are members of the Beta party. There are 104 voters and they vote as follows: It can be seen that supporters of the Alpha party all rank all four Alpha party candidates higher than any of the Beta party candidates (the last four preferences of the voters are not shown above because they will not affect the result of the election). Similarly, voters who support the

neg: Ballot in ballot boxes. Depending on the type of voting system used in the election, different ballots may be used. Ranked ballots allow voters to rank candidates in order of preference, while ballots for first-past-the-post systems only allow voters to select one candidate for each position. In party-list systems, lists may be open or closed. Ballot design can aid or inhibit clarity in an election. Poor designs lead to confusion and potentially chaos if large numbers of voters spoil or mismark a ballot. The butterfly ballot used in the Palm Beach County, Florida U.S. presidential election, 2000 (a ballot paper that

neg: Straight-ticket voting voting is only available in the general election for partisan elections. It is not available for: In those cases where a partisan election is combined with a non-partisan election and/or ballot issues, the voter can vote straight-party in the partisan portion, but then must vote individually in the other portion(s). In West Virginia, voting "straight party" included a vote for all candidates of the party voters selected, including the President and Vice President of the United States. Non-partisan candidates had to be voted separately. In 2015, however, straight-ticket voting was eliminated as an option on ballots through an Act of

neg: Social Credit Party of Canada the 1993 election so he could relaunch the party under the Christian Freedom name. However, it was only able to nominate 10 candidates and was deregistered by Elections Canada on September 27, 1993. Its candidates in that election appeared on the ballot as non-affiliated candidates. Campbell later ran as an unofficial "Christian Freedom Party" candidate in a 1996 by-election in Hamilton East, appearing on the ballot as an independent. Social Credit did not attempt to run candidates on the national level after that, but continued to exist as an incorporated entity in the form of the "Social Credit Party of

neg: 2014 Ukrainian presidential election president in 2010. Before 7 April 2014, four Party of Regions members were running for election, but on 7 April 2014 the political council of the party expelled the presidential candidates Serhiy Tihipko, Oleh Tsarov and Yuriy Boiko from the party. On 29 March a Party of Regions convention supported Mykhailo Dobkin's nomination as a presidential candidate. Candidates were able to nominate themselves at the Central Election Commission of Ukraine from 25 February 2014 until 30 March 2014. The last date for registering candidates was 4 April 2014. Candidates needed to submit a full package of documents and a 2.5

neg: Independence of clones criterion two-round system. Variants of Instant-runoff voting that eliminate multiple candidates per round (e.g. the contingent vote) or forbid the voters from ranking all the candidates (e.g. the supplementary vote) also fail the criterion. Consider an election in which there are two candidates, A and B. Suppose the voters have the following preferences: Candidate A would receive 66% Borda points (66%×1 + 34%×0) and B would receive 34% (66%×0 + 34%×1). Thus candidate A would win by a 66% landslide. Now suppose supporters of B nominate an additional candidate, B, that is very similar to B but considered inferior by all

neg: BC-STV that all would be from the same party, in contrast to the situation in the 1996 election, when all five of these seats were won by the same political party. Political parties may nominate as many candidates in an electoral district as there are available seats, although experience with STV elsewhere (and all elections in general) suggests that not all will do so. For instance, in Ireland where five or more parties run candidates, a five-seat district would typically have about 10 or 15 candidates. Major parties will typically nominate more candidates in a district than will minor parties, as

neg: 2004 Indonesian presidential election Awakening Party (PKB), the United Development Party (PPP), the Democratic Party (PD), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the National Mandate Party (PAN). The PKS was the only party not to nominate candidates, but it later threw its support behind the PAN. The General Election Commission announced the final list of candidates on 14 May. Following the announcement, all candidates were required to undergo medical screening. On 22 May, the Commission announced that the PKB's presidential candidate, former President Abdurrahman Wahid, had failed the eye test and was not allowed to enter in the election. He initially told supporters not

neg: Ecology Party of Florida line in that year's election; Florida elections law allows any registered political party to place a candidate for president of the United States on the election ballot, but requires unaffiliated candidates (which Ralph Nader was in 2008) to submit a petition signed by 119,316 registered voters. The party nominated Nader for president of the United States in 2008. Nader accepted the nomination and appeared on the ballot in Florida as a candidate of the Ecology Party of Florida, while running in most other states as independent or unaffiliated. In 2009 the party registered as a co-intervener in an attempt to

neg: 2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota July 7. The general election was among candidates nominated by three major parties, the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), the Republican Party of Minnesota (R), and the Independence Party of Minnesota, as well as two other parties, the Libertarian Party (L) and the Constitution Party (C). The Green Party failed to nominate a candidate. In Minnesota candidates are generally endorsed by their political parties before the party primaries. The Republican Party endorsed Norm Coleman, the DFL Party Al Franken, and the Independence Party Stephen Williams. In total 18 candidates had filed to run in the statewide primaries, including seven for the

neg: Elections in Northern Cyprus elections, voters choose individual candidates with two options in the manner of voting: a party-line vote which, in effect, means a vote for each candidate from that party in that election district or, alternatively, the voter may choose different MP candidates from various parties. In this type of mixed voting, the voter may not choose more than the number of MPs from that district. Residents of Northern Cyprus are eligible to stand for election and vote in the national elections of the Republic of Cyprus, but not able to run for presidency (the Constitution states that a Turkish-Cypriot should be

neg: 1974 New York state election not challenged in primaries. Six minor parties filed petitions to nominate candidates and appeared on the ballot. The "Courage Party," the New York state branch of the American Party, nominated Dr. Wayne S. Amato (born c. 1941), Ph.D. in chemical engineering, assistant professor at Syracuse University, for Governor; Charles R. Schanger, of Redford, for Lieutenant Governor; and Dr. William F. Dowling, Jr., dentist, of Garden City, for the U.S. Senate. The Free Libertarian Party nominated Jerry Tuccille, of Tarrytown, for Governor; Louis J. Sicilia, of Manhattan, for Lieutenant Governor; Robert S. Flanzer, of Brooklyn, for Comptroller; Leland W. Schubert, of

neg: British Columbia Libertarian Party 6 candidates, who won a total of 1,003 votes (0.06% of the provincial total). In the 2017 British Columbia general election, the Party had its best showing under the leadership of Clayton Welwood with 30 candidates nominated and winning 7,211 votes (0.4% of the provincial total). Jon Rempel had the best result of any of the party's candidates in 2017, winning 438 votes (4.67% of the total) in the Nechako Lakes riding. Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. British Columbia Libertarian Party The British Columbia Libertarian Party is a libertarian political party in British Columbia,

neg: 2017 Srinagar by-election 2017 Srinagar by-election A by-election was held in the Lok Sabha constituency of Srinagar on 9 April 2017 with repolling in 38 polling on 13 April. It was triggered by the resignation of Tariq Hameed Karra after his defection from Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party to the Indian National Congress. 21 March was the final date for candidates to nominate. Voting took place between 7am and 5pm. Other party candidates included Sajad Reshi of Rashtriya Samajwadi Party, Chetan Sharma of Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Bikram Singh of Jammu and Kashmir Liberal Democratic Party. The independent candidates were Sajjad

neg: Alan Abramowitz more likely the other party will be to win it back, since "voters attach a positive value to periodic alternation in power by the two major parties". Abramowitz's model was correct in every presidential election from 1988 until 2016, when it predicted that Donald Trump would win the popular vote; he lost the popular vote narrowly to Hillary Clinton, though he did win the electoral college. In May 2016, Abramowitz had predicted that Clinton would win the popular vote by an even larger margin, stating that his model assumed that both political parties would nominate mainstream candidates, and that Trump

neg: Comparison of the Hare and Droop quotas and Jennifer are members of the Beta party. There are 120 voters and they vote as follows: Voters are voting for full slates. Supporters of the Alpha party all rank all three Alpha party candidates higher than any of the Beta party candidates. Similarly, voters who support the Beta party all give their first three preferences to Beta party candidates. The voters may not have indicated 4th, 5th and 6th preferences, but if they did or had to due to electoral rules, they are not shown above because they will not affect the result of the election. Overall, the Alpha

neg: 2017 Party of Growth presidential primaries the candidate for Party of Growth; however, the winner of the primaries will not guarantee themselves the right to ballot on behalf of the party. On 26 November 2017, it was announced that the party will nominate Boris Titov, who was not involved in the primaries. According to a person from the party leadership, none of the proposed candidates were able to obtain sufficient support. Four candidates were nominated for the primaries. 2017 Party of Growth presidential primaries The 2017 Party of Growth presidential primaries is the selection process by which voters of the Party of Growth were to choose

neg: 2017 New Jersey gubernatorial election vote in primary elections. However, unaffiliated voters can change their party registration and vote in either party primary on the day of the election. The deadline to file petitions to qualify for primary elections was April 3, 2017. Eleven contenders submitted petitions which satisfied the minimum 1,000 signatures required. On April 18, 2017, as is required by the New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission, the candidates' financial disclosures, showing the sources of earned income (such as salaries) and unearned income (such as investments), were made public. Gubernatorial primary candidates utilized what is known as the "matching funds" program. Those who

neg: 1996 Japanese general election was introduced for voters to choose their favored party (in addition to votes for individual candidates) as a way to more accurately approximate the seats in the House of Representatives of Japan to the actual party votes in an effort to achieve more proportional representation. With only a single member in each district, this change allows for additional district-wide benefits. This is opposed to the preceding multi-member district wherein each representative appeals to either policy or geographic-based benefits or narrow set of interests in their constituencies without consideration for party interest. The 41st general election of members of the House

neg: 1962 New York state election Lomenzo for Comptroller and New York Supreme Court Justice Marcus G. Christ for the Court of Appeals. The Liberal Party met on September 19, and endorsed the Democratic ticket. The Socialist Workers Party nominated a full slate, and filed a petition to nominate candidates. The Conservative Party selected on July 13 David H. Jaquith to run for Governor. They filed a petition to nominate candidates which was challenged by the Republicans. On October 1, the Republican State Chairman L. Judson Morhouse announced that his party dropped the suit, and the ticket went on the ballot. Four Republicans and two Democrat/Liberals

neg: Henry Cornelius Burnett on April 12, the secessionist candidates withdrew from the election. Expressing the view of the majority of these delegates, Burnett opined in the "Tri-Weekly Herald" that the convention would not occur. He was wrong; the convention was held as scheduled, but it failed to accomplish anything of significance. President Lincoln called for special congressional elections to be held in Kentucky in June 1861. The voters of the First District's Southern Rights party called a meeting to be held May 29, 1861 at the Graves County courthouse in Mayfield. The purpose of the meeting was ostensibly to re-nominate Burnett for his

neg: 1933 British Columbia general election Carson ran as a Liberal, winning Kamloops. Carson and his brother both served as cabinet ministers in later regimes. They were the sons of Robert Carson, an American who was one of the very few survivors of an Indian attack on a wagon train on the Oregon Trail and who went on to found one of the early ranches at Pavilion and whose holdings became part of the Diamond S Ranch. Notes: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. 1933 British Columbia general election The British Columbia general election of 1933 was the eighteenth general election in

neg: 2009 Indonesian presidential election order to nominate candidates for President and Vice President. Under the 2008 Presidential Election Law, the candidates must be nominated by a party or coalition that won at least 25% of the popular vote or 112 (20%) of 560 seats of the People's Representative Council. Indonesia's Constitutional Court also ruled that independent candidates would not be allowed to run. Candidates had to officially register with the General Election Commission by midnight of 16 May in order to appear on the ballots. It initially appeared that Golkar, the party of incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla, would enter into a coalition with

neg: Social Credit candidates, 1953 Manitoba provincial election who had been responsible for the British Columbia Social Credit Party's upset victory in that province's 1952 election. While they managed to nominate a large number of candidates in Manitoba, they were unable to repeat their success. The party did not have an official leader. Eric Bailey was nominated as a Social Credit candidate in Virden, but withdrew before election day. Bloomfield finished fourth out of four candidates with 677 votes (7.83%). The winner was Reginald Wightman of the Liberal-Progressive Party. Wyborn finished third out of three candidates with 1,056 votes (13.83%). The winner was Reginald Lissaman of the Progressive

neg: 2004 Alberta general election in 2004. The party was de-registered after the Alberta government amended the Elections Act to force a party to run at least one candidate, the party failed to field a candidate and was de-registered. The Natural Law Party of Alberta was de-registered by Elections Alberta in 2001, after they stopped filing financial statements. In 2001 The Natural Law Party did not nominate any candidates. 29 independent candidates ran in the 2001 election. These candidates won a total of 10,528 votes. 10 independents ran in 2004. March 27, 2004 - Kevin Taft becomes leader of the Alberta Liberals. June 29, 2004

neg: Kiev local election, 2014 party lists. Several parties, among them Party of Regions, disappeared from the local parliament. Mayoral candidates were able to nominate themselves from 23 April 2014 until 30 April 2014. 19 candidates competed for the post. Yuriy Lutsenko expressed an interest in taking part in the election, but later withdrew. Also potential candidates were Yuriy Levchenko, Ihor Lutsenko, and Volodymyr Makeyenko. Lesya Orobets and Ivan Saliy were withdrawn from the race on 13 May, but later they were restored as candidates on 16 May. According to a telephone poll conducted prior to the election by Sociological group "RATING" from 25 February

neg: 1961 Philadelphia municipal election parties and returned to office without opposition. In 1961, four common pleas court judges and two orphans' court judges were on the ballot, and all were cross-endorsed in accordance with the sitting-judge principle. All were reelected to ten-year terms, including Victor H. Blanc, the former district attorney. There were also seven seats open for magistrate, a local court, the duties of which have since been superseded by the Philadelphia Municipal Court. In the magistrate races, a limited voting law meant that each political party could nominate four candidates, and voters could only vote for four, with the result being that

neg: 1985 Quebec general election Union Nationale. It only ran candidates in 19 ridings, none of whom came close to being elected. The party would be wound up by election authorities in 1989. The overall results were: Note: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. 1985 Quebec general election The Quebec general election of 1985 was held on December 2, 1985, to elect members of the National Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Liberal Party, led by former premier Robert Bourassa, defeated the incumbent Parti Québécois, led by Premier Pierre-Marc Johnson. This election marked the comeback of Robert Bourassa,

neg: Elections in Liechtenstein can be cast for each candidate by a single voter, and thus it would be impossible for a given voter to cast multiple votes for a single candidate. Especially because parties may not nominate a full slate in a given district since the party usually desires maximum influence on the candidates elected and because it is unlikely for the party to win a very large majority of seats that they had not anticipated, voters who support just one party have complained that their influence is diminished because they can only support the candidates their party has nominated and thus their

neg: 1957 Philadelphia municipal election handily, but lost the Democratic nomination to Earl Chudoff, a member of the federal House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. In November, Chudoff won easily, taking 58% of the vote. Kun, already in poor health, retired from the profession of law and died in 1961. Chudoff remained on the bench until 1974. There were also thirteen seats open for magistrate, a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court. In the magistrate races, each political party could nominate eight candidates, and voters could only vote for eight, with the result being that

neg: Issues affecting the single transferable vote in this circumstance the party may request that a by-election be held, however this has not yet happened as most political parties and community groups now nominate a surplus number of candidates in order to fill any casual vacancies. Countback methods vary by whether or not wasted and exhausted ballots are additionally used during the countback. The effect this has on the result of the countback depends on the differences in the next preferences of voters. Moreover, in STV systems that use exhausted ballots during countbacks, it becomes theoretically possible that the "order" of multiple resignations will affect who the