query: who is the inventor of java programming language

pos: Java (programming language) at least Windows computers). James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. The language was initially called "Oak" after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office. Later the project went by the name "Green" and was finally renamed "Java", from Java coffee. Gosling designed Java with a C/C++-style syntax that system and application programmers would find familiar. Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1996. It promised

pos: Inheritance (object-oriented programming) inventor James Gosling has spoken against implementation inheritance, stating that he would not include it if he were to redesign Java. Language designs that decouple inheritance from subtyping (interface inheritance) appeared as early as 1990; a modern example of this is the Go programming language. Complex inheritance, or inheritance used within an insufficiently mature design, may lead to the yo-yo problem. When inheritance was used as a primary approach to structure code in a system in the late 90’s, developers naturally started to break code into multiple layers of inheritance as the system functionality grew. If a development team combined

pos: Oak (programming language) Oak Technology. Java 1.0 was finally shipped in 1996. Oak was the basis for what Java 1.0 became later, but there were also some differences: Several concepts were planned in the Oak specification but remained not implemented in the original language because of time constraints: Other concepts were different from, or improved later, for Java: And finally some concepts were later scraped out: Oak (programming language) Oak is a discontinued programming language created by James Gosling in 1991, initially for Sun Microsystems' set-top box project. The language later evolved to become Java. The name "Oak" was used by Gosling after

pos: C Sharp (programming language) had been ported to C#. Hejlsberg is C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft, and was previously involved with the design of Turbo Pascal, Embarcadero Delphi (formerly CodeGear Delphi, Inprise Delphi and Borland Delphi), and Visual J++. In interviews and technical papers he has stated that flaws in most major programming languages (e.g. C++, Java, Delphi, and Smalltalk) drove the fundamentals of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which, in turn, drove the design of the C# language itself. James Gosling, who created the Java programming language in 1994, and Bill Joy, a co-founder of Sun Microsystems, the originator of

pos: Oak (programming language) Oak (programming language) Oak is a discontinued programming language created by James Gosling in 1991, initially for Sun Microsystems' set-top box project. The language later evolved to become Java. The name "Oak" was used by Gosling after an oak tree that stood outside his office. In 1991, Sun Microsystems was attempting to develop a new technology for programming next generation smart appliances, which Sun expected to be a major new opportunity. The team originally considered using C++, but rejected the idea for several reasons (see Java history). Initially, Gosling attempted to modify and extend C++ but soon abandoned that in

neg: Michael Morrison (author) Michael Morrison (author) Michael Wayne Morrison (born August 24, 1970) is an American author, software developer, and toy inventor. He is best known for his books on topics including Internet design and development, mobile device usage, and game programming. Morrison's writing career began in the early 1990s and coincided with the release of the Java programming language. He embraced the Java technology and wrote and contributed to numerous Java books, as well as developing several online Java courses. His first book was actually "Windows 95 Game Developer's Guide Using the Game SDK", which was the first book to explore and

neg: Michael Morrison (author) B.A. from Tennessee Technological University in Electrical Engineering, although he credits the school with little beyond serving as the place where he met his wife and a handful of close friends. Michael Morrison (author) Michael Wayne Morrison (born August 24, 1970) is an American author, software developer, and toy inventor. He is best known for his books on topics including Internet design and development, mobile device usage, and game programming. Morrison's writing career began in the early 1990s and coincided with the release of the Java programming language. He embraced the Java technology and wrote and contributed to numerous Java

neg: Scala (programming language) Scala (programming language) Scala ( ) is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system. Designed to be concise, many of Scala's design decisions aimed to address criticisms of Java. Scala source code is intended to be compiled to Java bytecode, so that the resulting executable code runs on a Java virtual machine. Scala provides language interoperability with Java, so that libraries written in either language may be referenced directly in Scala or Java code. Like Java, Scala is object-oriented, and uses a curly-brace syntax reminiscent of the C programming language. Unlike Java,

neg: Scala (programming language) to the next. Scala (programming language) Scala ( ) is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system. Designed to be concise, many of Scala's design decisions aimed to address criticisms of Java. Scala source code is intended to be compiled to Java bytecode, so that the resulting executable code runs on a Java virtual machine. Scala provides language interoperability with Java, so that libraries written in either language may be referenced directly in Scala or Java code. Like Java, Scala is object-oriented, and uses a curly-brace syntax reminiscent of the C programming

neg: Java (programming language) Java (programming language) Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. , Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was

neg: Mainland High School such as: Autodesk AutoCAD and Inventor Pro and milling and CNC machines. The Sports Science Academy covers everything in sports besides the athletics. This includes First Aid and medical care, athletic training, and sports administration. The Academy of Simulation and Robotics (ASR) debuted in the 2007-2008 school year. Students attracted to robotics, video game design and programming, and computer science can learn about these amazing fields and can develop the skills and knowledge needed to find jobs in the industry. Programming is taught using the Java programming language in computer science classes and Ruby in game programming classes. Mainland has

neg: Interface-based programming Interface-based programming Interface-based programming, also known as interface-based architecture, is an architectural pattern for implementing modular programming at the component level in an object-oriented programming language which does not have a module system. An example of such a language is Java, which (), does not have a module system at the level of components. Java has a "package" system, but Java software components typically consist of multiple Java packages and in any case, interface programming can provide advantages over merely using Java packages, even if a component only consists of a single Java package. Interface-based programming defines the application as

neg: Join Java Hardware semantics. This language extended the semantics of Join Java to FPGA applications. Join Java Join Java is a programming language based on the join-pattern that extends the standard Java programming language with the join semantics of the join-calculus. It was written at the University of South Australia within the Reconfigurable Computing Lab by Dr. Von Itzstein. The Join Java extension introduces three new language constructs: Concurrency in most popular programming languages is implemented using constructs such as semaphores and monitors. Libraries are emerging (such as the Java concurrency library JSR-166) that provide higher-level concurrency semantics. Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP),

neg: Sun Microsystems HotJava Views suite. However, since then Java has been more successful on the server side of the Internet. The platform consists of three major parts: the Java programming language, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and several Java Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The design of the Java platform is controlled by the vendor and user community through the Java Community Process (JCP). Java is an object-oriented programming language. Since its introduction in late 1995, it became one of the world's most popular programming languages. Java programs are compiled to byte code, which can be executed by any JVM, regardless of the

neg: Java memory model Java memory model The Java memory model describes how threads in the Java programming language interact through memory. Together with the description of single-threaded execution of code, the memory model provides the semantics of the Java programming language. The original Java memory model, developed in 1995, was widely perceived as broken, preventing many runtime optimizations and not providing strong enough guarantees for code safety. It was updated through the Java Community Process, as Java Specification Request 133 (JSR-133), which took effect in 2004, for Tiger (Java 5.0). The Java programming language and platform provide thread capabilities. Synchronization between threads is

neg: Kotlin (programming language) Kotlin (programming language) Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure. It is sponsored and developed by JetBrains. While the syntax is not compatible with Java, the JVM implementation of the Kotlin standard library is designed to interoperate with Java code and relies on Java code from the existing Java Class Library, such as the collections framework. Kotlin uses aggressive type inference to determine the types of values and expressions for which type has been left unstated. This reduces

neg: Kotlin (programming language) Google, Kotlin has already been adopted by several major developers — Expedia, Flipboard, Pinterest, Square, and others — for their Android production apps. Kotlin (programming language) Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure. It is sponsored and developed by JetBrains. While the syntax is not compatible with Java, the JVM implementation of the Kotlin standard library is designed to interoperate with Java code and relies on Java code from the existing Java Class Library, such as the collections

neg: Join Java Join Java Join Java is a programming language based on the join-pattern that extends the standard Java programming language with the join semantics of the join-calculus. It was written at the University of South Australia within the Reconfigurable Computing Lab by Dr. Von Itzstein. The Join Java extension introduces three new language constructs: Concurrency in most popular programming languages is implemented using constructs such as semaphores and monitors. Libraries are emerging (such as the Java concurrency library JSR-166) that provide higher-level concurrency semantics. Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) and Pi have higher-level synchronization behaviours defined implicitly

neg: Class invariant as Eiffel, Ada, and D, will also provide full support for class invariants. For Java, there is a more powerful tool called Java Modeling Language that provides a more robust way of defining class invariants. D programming language has native support of class invariants, as well as other contract programming techniques. Here is an example from the official documentation. In Eiffel, the class invariant appears at the end of the class following the keyword codice_1. This is an example of a class invariant in the Java programming language with Java Modeling Language. The invariant must hold to be true after

neg: Data, context and interaction Traits are one common programming language technique to support method injection. Some languages, such as Scala, have native support for traits, while other languages (e.g., Ruby and Python) allow run time injection of methods. In Java, pre-compiler tricks based on annotations are needed to support DCI. Several example implementations exist: Smalltalk-Squeak, C++, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Qi4J (Java), Scala, Perl, and PHP. and several have been added to the fulloo.info site maintained by the creators of DCI. DCI was invented by Trygve Reenskaug, also the inventor of MVC. The current formulation of DCI is mostly the work of Reenskaug and

neg: Java-gnome Java-gnome java-gnome is a set of language bindings for the Java programming language for use in the GNOME desktop environment. It is part of the official GNOME language bindings suite and provides a set of libraries allowing developers to write computer programs for GNOME using the Java programming language and the GTK+ cross-platform widget toolkit. Up until version 2.0, java-gnome was written by a project team, the current version 4.0 was originally an internal project of Operational Dynamics, a change management consultancy group. This new version is a complete re-write of java-gnome and was originally written for creating business tools

neg: Pizza (programming language) Pizza (programming language) Pizza is an open-source superset of Java 1.4, prior to the introduction of generics for the Java programming language. In addition to its own solution for adding generics to the language, Pizza also added function pointers and algebraic types with case classes and pattern matching. In August 2001, the developers made a compiler capable of working with Java. Most Pizza applications can run in a Java environment, but certain cases will cause problems. Work on Pizza has more or less stopped since 2002. Its main developers have concentrated instead on the Generic Java project, another attempt to

neg: Real time Java for Java" (RTSJ) is a set of interfaces and behavioral refinements that enable real-time computer programming in the Java programming language. RTSJ 1.0 was developed as JSR 1 under the Java Community Process, which approved the new standard in November, 2001. RTSJ 2.0 is being developed under JSR 282. A draft version is available at JSR 282 JCP Page. More information can be found at RTSJ 2.0 Real time Java Real time Java is a catch-all term for a combination of technologies that enables programmers to write programs that meet the demands of real-time systems in the Java programming language.

neg: Xtend Xtend Xtend is a general-purpose high-level programming language for the Java Virtual Machine. Syntactically and semantically Xtend has its roots in the Java programming language but focuses on a more concise syntax and some additional functionality such as type inference, extension methods, and operator overloading. Being primarily an object-oriented language, it also integrates features known from functional programming, e.g. lambda expressions. Xtend is statically typed and uses Java's type system without modifications. It is compiled to Java code and thereby seamlessly integrates with all existing Java libraries. The language Xtend and its IDE is developed as a project at Eclipse.org

neg: Java (programming language) jury found that if APIs could be copyrighted, then Google had infringed Oracle's copyrights by the use of Java in Android devices. District Judge William Haskell Alsup ruled on May 31, 2012, that APIs cannot be copyrighted, but this was reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in May 2014. On May 26, 2016, the district court decided in favor of Google, ruling the copyright infringement of the Java API in Android constitutes fair use. Java (programming language) Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as

neg: Prova Prova Prova is an open source programming language that combines Prolog with Java. Prova is a rule-based scripting system that is used for middleware. The language combines imperative and declarative programming by using a prolog syntax that allows calls to Java functions. In this way a strong Java code base is combined with Prolog features such as backtracking. Prova is derived from Mandarax, a Java-based inference system developed by Jens Dietrich. Prova extends Mandarax by providing a proper language syntax, native syntax integration with Java, agent messaging and reaction rules. The development of this language was supported by the grant

neg: Nice (programming language) through multimethods, and many concepts drawn from functional programming such as anonymous functions, tuples, pattern matching (“value dispatch”), and parametric polymorphism. Source programs are compiled to Java bytecode, and can therefore interact with libraries written in Java and other programming languages targeting the Java Virtual Machine. Work on the Nice language appears to have slowed since early 2006. Nice (programming language) Nice is an object-oriented programming language released under the GNU General Public License. It features a powerful type system which can help eliminate many common bugs, such as null pointer dereferences and invalid casts, by detecting potential runtime errors

neg: Kawa (Scheme implementation) Kawa (Scheme implementation) Kawa is a language framework written in the programming language Java that implements the programming language Scheme, a dialect of Lisp, and can be used to implement other languages to run on the Java virtual machine (JVM). It is a part of the GNU Project. The name "Kawa" comes from the Polish word for coffee; a play on words, since Java is another familiar name for coffee. Besides using the language Scheme, Java object fields and methods can be accessed using code such as: . This will invoke a Java method, and does the same thing as

neg: Oxygene (programming language) Oxygene (programming language) Oxygene (formerly known as Chrome) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software for Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure, the Java Platform and Cocoa. Oxygene is Object Pascal-based, but also has influences from C#, Eiffel, Java, F# and other languages. Compared to the now deprecated Delphi.NET, Oxygene does not emphasize total backward compatibility, but is designed to be a "reinvention" of the language, be a good citizen on the managed development platforms, and leverage all the features and technologies provided by the .NET and Java runtimes. Oxygene is a commercial product, and offers full integration into Microsoft's Visual

neg: Infinite loop for an infinite loop is traditional, appearing in the standard reference "[[The C Programming Language]]", and is often punningly pronounced "forever". This is a loop that will print "Infinite Loop" without halting. A similar example in 1980s-era [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]]: A similar example in [[X86 assembly language]]: Another example is in [[DOS]] Here the loop is quite obvious, as the last line unconditionally sends execution back to the first. An example in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] An example in [[Python (programming language)|Python]] An example in [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] An example in [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]] An example in [[Perl 5]] An example

neg: Apache Groovy Apache Groovy Apache Groovy is a Java-syntax-compatible object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is both a static and dynamic language with features similar to those of Python, Ruby, Perl, and Smalltalk. It can be used as both a programming language and a scripting language for the Java Platform, is compiled to Java virtual machine (JVM) bytecode, and interoperates seamlessly with other Java code and libraries. Groovy uses a curly-bracket syntax similar to Java's. Groovy supports closures, multiline strings, and expressions embedded in strings. Much of Groovy's power lies in its AST transformations, triggered through annotations. Groovy 1.0 was

neg: Java applet JavaFX is an extension of the Java platform and may also be viewed as an alternative. Java applet A Java applet was a small application that is written in the Java programming language, or another programming language that compiles to Java bytecode, and delivered to users in the form of Java bytecode. The user launched the Java applet from a web page, and the applet was then executed within a Java virtual machine (JVM) in a process separate from the web browser itself. A Java applet could appear in a frame of the web page, a new application window, Sun's

neg: Foreign function interface Foreign function interface A foreign function interface (FFI) is a mechanism by which a program written in one programming language can call routines or make use of services written in another. The term comes from the specification for Common Lisp, which explicitly refers to the language features for inter-language calls as such; the term is also used officially by the Haskell and Python programming languages. Other languages use other terminology: the Ada programming language talks about "language bindings", while Java refers to its FFI as the JNI (Java Native Interface) or JNA (Java Native Access). Foreign function interface has become

neg: Strict programming language Strict programming language A strict programming language is a programming language which employs a strict programming paradigm, allowing only strict functions (functions whose parameters must be evaluated completely before they may be called) to be defined by the user. A non-strict programming language allows the user to define non-strict functions, and hence may allow lazy evaluation. Nearly all programming languages in common use today are strict. Examples include C#, Java (prior to Java 8), Perl (through version 5), Python, Ruby, Common Lisp, and ML. Examples for non-strict languages are Haskell, Miranda, and Clean. Languages whose ordinary functions are strict but

neg: Ceylon (programming language) Ceylon (programming language) Ceylon is an object-oriented, strongly statically typed programming language with an emphasis on immutability, created by Red Hat. Ceylon programs run on the Java virtual machine (JVM), and can be compiled to JavaScript. The language design focuses on source code readability, predictability, toolability, modularity, and metaprogrammability. Important features of Ceylon include: The name "Ceylon" is an oblique reference to Java, in that Java and Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, are islands known for growth and export of coffee and tea. In August 2017, Ceylon was donated to the Eclipse Foundation. Ceylon is heavily influenced by Java's

neg: Kawa (Scheme implementation) also possible to create an applet or servlet (to compile a servlet, codice_4 must be in the codice_5 variable). Kawa (Scheme implementation) Kawa is a language framework written in the programming language Java that implements the programming language Scheme, a dialect of Lisp, and can be used to implement other languages to run on the Java virtual machine (JVM). It is a part of the GNU Project. The name "Kawa" comes from the Polish word for coffee; a play on words, since Java is another familiar name for coffee. Besides using the language Scheme, Java object fields and methods can

neg: Java applet Java applet A Java applet was a small application that is written in the Java programming language, or another programming language that compiles to Java bytecode, and delivered to users in the form of Java bytecode. The user launched the Java applet from a web page, and the applet was then executed within a Java virtual machine (JVM) in a process separate from the web browser itself. A Java applet could appear in a frame of the web page, a new application window, Sun's AppletViewer, or a stand-alone tool for testing applets. Java applets were introduced in the first version

neg: Processing (programming language) the Java platform. JRubyArt (formerly named "ruby-processing") is a wrapper for Processing in the Ruby language, that runs on the Java platform using JRuby. Processing (programming language) Processing is an open-source graphical library and integrated development environment (IDE) / playground built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context. Processing uses the Java language, with additional simplifications such as additional classes and aliased mathematical functions and operations. As well as this, it also has a graphical user interface for simplyfing the compilation

neg: Telescript (programming language) Telescript (programming language) Telescript is an Agent-oriented programming language written by General Magic as part of the overall Magic Cap system. Telescript programs used a modified C-like syntax known as High Telescript, and were compiled to a stack-based language called Low Telescript for execution. Low Telescript ran within virtual machine interpreters, or "Telescript engines", on host computers. The basic model of Telescript is similar to Java, and differs primarily in where the applications would run. Java was modelled to make it possible to download Java applications onto any platform and run them locally. Telescript essentially reversed this, allowing end-user equipment

neg: Jolie (programming language) Jolie (programming language) Jolie (Java Orchestration Language Interpreter Engine) is an open-source programming language for developing distributed applications based on microservices. In the programming paradigm proposed with Jolie, each program is a service that can communicate with other programs by sending and receiving messages over a network. Jolie supports an abstraction layer that allows services to communicate using different mediums, ranging from TCP/IP sockets to local in-memory communications between processes. Jolie is currently supported by an interpreter implemented in the Java language, which can be run in multiple operating systems including Linux-based operating systems, OS X, and Windows. The language

neg: Golo (programming language) Golo (programming language) Golo is computer software, a programming language for the Java virtual machine (JVM). It is simple, with dynamic, weak typing. It was created in 2012 as part of the research activities of the DynaMid group of the Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of service (CITI) Laboratory at Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (INSA). It is distributed as free and open-source software under the Eclipse Public License 1.0. It has been built as a showcase on how to build a language runtime with codice_1. Golo is largely interoperable with the programming language Java and

neg: E (programming language) E (programming language) E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller, Dan Bornstein, and others at Electric Communities in 1997. E is mainly descended from the concurrent language Joule and from Original-E, a set of extensions to Java for secure distributed programming. E combines message-based computation with Java-like syntax. A concurrency model based on event loops and promises ensures that deadlock can never occur. The E language is designed with secure computing in mind; this is accomplished chiefly by strict adherence to the object-oriented computing model, which in its pure form has properties

neg: Scala (programming language) of its users. The design of Scala started in 2001 at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) (in Lausanne, Switzerland) by Martin Odersky. It followed on from work on Funnel, a programming language combining ideas from functional programming and Petri nets. Odersky formerly worked on Generic Java, and javac, Sun's Java compiler. After an internal release in late 2003, Scala was released publicly in early 2004 on the Java platform, A second version (v2.0) followed in March 2006. Although Scala had extensive support for functional programming from its inception, Java remained a mostly object-oriented language until the inclusion of

neg: Fantom (programming language) Fantom (programming language) Fantom is a general purpose object-oriented programming language created by Brian and Andy Frank that runs on the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), JavaScript, and the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) (.NET support is considered "prototype" status). Its primary design goal is to provide a standard library API that abstracts away the question of whether the code will ultimately run on the JRE or CLR. Like C# and Java, Fantom uses a curly brace syntax. The language supports functional programming through closures and concurrency through the Actor model. Fantom takes a "middle of the road" approach to its

neg: Criticism of Java Criticism of Java A number of criticisms have been levelled at the Java programming language and the Java software platform for various design choices in the language and platform. Such criticisms include the implementation of generics, forced object-oriented programming, the handling of unsigned numbers, the implementation of floating-point arithmetic, and a history of security vulnerabilities in the primary Java VM implementation, HotSpot. Additionally, Java, especially its early versions, has been criticized for its performance compared to other programming languages. Developers have also remarked that differences in various Java implementations must be taken into account when writing complex Java programs that

neg: Jolie (programming language) XML-like data structures. Jolie (programming language) Jolie (Java Orchestration Language Interpreter Engine) is an open-source programming language for developing distributed applications based on microservices. In the programming paradigm proposed with Jolie, each program is a service that can communicate with other programs by sending and receiving messages over a network. Jolie supports an abstraction layer that allows services to communicate using different mediums, ranging from TCP/IP sockets to local in-memory communications between processes. Jolie is currently supported by an interpreter implemented in the Java language, which can be run in multiple operating systems including Linux-based operating systems, OS X, and

neg: Scala (programming language) language, mainly because it was designed to be mainly a scripting language. , all JVM-based languages (Clojure, Groovy, Kotlin, Scala) are significantly less popular than the original Java language, which is usually ranked first or second, and which is also simultaneously evolving over time. The Popularity of Programming Language Index, which tracks searches for language tutorials, ranked Scala 15th in April 2018 with a small downward trend. This makes Scala the most popular JVM-based language after Java, although immediately followed by Kotlin, a JVM-based language with a strong upward trend ranked 16th. The TIOBE index of programming language popularity employs

neg: Gosu (programming language) built-in Java types such as String, List, etc. This example demonstrates adding a print() function to java.lang.String. enhancement MyStringEnhancement : String { Now you can tell a String to print itself: "Echo".print() The combination of closures and enhancements provide a powerful way of coding with Collections. The overhead of Java streams is unnecessary with Gosu: This general-purpose programming language is used in several open-source software projects including SparkGS and Ragnar DB among several others, and is widely used in the insurance industry via Guidewire Software's commercial products. Gosu (programming language) Gosu is a statically-typed general-purpose programming language that runs on

neg: Pnuts Pnuts Pnuts is a dynamic scripting language for the Java platform. It is designed to be used in a dual language system with the Java programming language. The goals of the Pnuts project are to provide a small, fast scripting language that has tight integration with the Java language. Pnuts uses syntax that is simple and friendly to Java developers, while also being very expressive. Because Java and Pnuts share the same type system, Java code can easily invoke or define Pnuts functions. Likewise, Pnuts code can easily manipulate Java objects. Pnuts code can even define Java classes. Because Pnuts

neg: Prova connector, legacy data sources on mainframes with a JCA connector, remote EJB Java objects considered as data providers or even local Java objects. Prova allows to deliver an innovative software platform for Service-oriented architecture implementations. Prova Prova is an open source programming language that combines Prolog with Java. Prova is a rule-based scripting system that is used for middleware. The language combines imperative and declarative programming by using a prolog syntax that allows calls to Java functions. In this way a strong Java code base is combined with Prolog features such as backtracking. Prova is derived from Mandarax, a Java-based

neg: Jython Jython Jython is an implementation of the Python programming language designed to run on the Java platform. It is the successor of JPython. Jython programs can import and use any Java class. Except for some standard modules, Jython programs use Java classes instead of Python modules. Jython includes almost all of the modules in the standard Python programming language distribution, lacking only some of the modules implemented originally in C. For example, a user interface in Jython could be written with Swing, AWT or SWT. Jython compiles to Java bytecode (intermediate language) either on demand or statically. Jython was initially

neg: Android Studio June 2014. The first stable build was released in December 2014, starting from version 1.0. The current stable version is 3.2.1, which was released in October 2018. The following features are provided in the current stable version: Android Studio supports all the same programming languages of IntelliJ, and CLion e.g. Java (programming language), and C++; and Android Studio 3.0 or later supports Kotlin and "Java 7 language features and a subset of Java 8 language features that vary by platform version." External projects backport some Java 9 features. The following is a list of Android Studio's release versions. Android Studio

neg: Jim Hugunin Jim Hugunin Jim Hugunin is a software programmer who created the Python programming language extension Numeric (ancestor to NumPy), and later created Python implementations for the Java Platform (Jython) and for Microsoft .NET platform (IronPython); he has also co-designed the AspectJ extension for the Java programming language. He worked for Microsoft from 2004 to 2010, mainly on IronPython and Dynamic Language Runtime. In October 2010, after Microsoft abandoned the IronPython project, Hugunin left Microsoft to work for Google. On his personal website, he described Microsoft's decision regarding IronPython as "a catalyst but not the cause of my leaving the company",

neg: Generics in Java is unknown. For example, the following code cannot be compiled: Because there is only one copy per generic class at runtime, static variables are shared among all the instances of the class, regardless of their type parameter. Consequently, the type parameter cannot be used in the declaration of static variables or in static methods. Project Valhalla is an experimental project to incubate improved Java generics and language features, for future versions potentially from Java 10 onwards. Potential enhancements include: Generics in Java Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within

neg: Factor (programming language) Factor (programming language) Factor is a stack-oriented programming language created by Slava Pestov. Factor is dynamically typed and has automatic memory management, as well as powerful metaprogramming features. The language has a single implementation featuring a self-hosted optimizing compiler and an interactive development environment. The Factor distribution includes a large standard library. Slava Pestov created Factor in 2003 as a scripting language for a video game. The initial implementation, now referred to as JFactor, was implemented in Java and ran on the Java Virtual Machine. Though the early language resembled modern Factor superficially in terms of syntax, the modern language

neg: Pizza (programming language) add generics to Java which was eventually adopted into the official language version 1.5. The pattern matching and other functional programming-like features have been further developed in the Scala programming language. Martin Odersky remarked, "we wanted to integrate the functional and object-oriented parts in a cleaner way than what we were able to achieve before with the Pizza language. [...] In Pizza we did a clunkier attempt, and in Scala I think we achieved a much smoother integration between the two." Pizza (programming language) Pizza is an open-source superset of Java 1.4, prior to the introduction of generics for the

neg: Agora (programming language) and "mixin" methods. Agora98, the latest implementation of Agora, is done in Java and allows full access to all Java APIs, including the ability to create applets from within Agora98. From the language point of view, Agora98 is a considerable simplification of prior Agora versions. Agora (programming language) Agora is a reflective, prototype-based, object-oriented programming language that is based exclusively on message passing and not delegation. Agora was intended to show that even subject to that limit, it is possible to build a full object-oriented language that features inheritance, cloning and reflective operators. The idea is that an object is

neg: Joe-E programming language to create a variant of the Java language. Waterken Server is written in Joe-E. Joe-E Joe-E is a subset of the Java programming language intended to support programming according to object-capability discipline. The language is notable for being an early object-capability subset language. It has influenced later subset languages, such as ADsafe and Caja/Cajita, subsets of Javascript. It is also notable for allowing methods to be verified as functionally pure, based on their method signatures. The restrictions imposed by the Joe-E verifier include: Cup of Joe is slang for coffee, and so serves as a trademark-avoiding reference to

neg: Deterministic Parallel Java goals are to make the type system more expressive and to minimize the need to fall back to run-time techniques. With minor modifications, language extensions should be applicable to other base OO languages, such as C++ and C#. This work is funded by NSF grants CSA 07-02724 and CNS 07-20772, and by Intel and Microsoft through the UPCRC Illinois. Deterministic Parallel Java Deterministic Parallel Java (DPJ) is an extension of the Java programming language which adds parallel constructs that provide a deterministic programming model for object-oriented languages. The language extensions define a type system that a programmer (or interactive porting

neg: Oxygene (programming language) it the appearance of another version of Delphi, that is not completely true. On top of the language difference, the Visual Component Library framework is not available in Oxygene (formerly called Prism). This makes porting even more difficult because classic Delphi code relies heavily on the VCL. Oxygene (programming language) Oxygene (formerly known as Chrome) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software for Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure, the Java Platform and Cocoa. Oxygene is Object Pascal-based, but also has influences from C#, Eiffel, Java, F# and other languages. Compared to the now deprecated Delphi.NET, Oxygene does not emphasize total

neg: Java (programming language) of applications in Java, the Concurrent Mark-Sweep (CMS) garbage collector is sufficient. Oracle aims to replace CMS with the Garbage-First collector (G1). The syntax of Java is largely influenced by C++. Unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost exclusively as an object-oriented language. All code is written inside classes, and every data item is an object, with the exception of the primitive data types, ("i.e." integers, floating-point numbers, boolean values, and characters), which are not objects for performance reasons. Java reuses some popular aspects of C++ (such as the method). Unlike

neg: QuickTime and the Image Compression Manager. The Movie Toolbox consists of a general API for handling time-based data, while the Image Compression Manager provides services for dealing with compressed raster data as produced by video and photo codecs. Developers can use the QuickTime software development kit (SDK) to develop multimedia applications for Mac or Windows with the C programming language or with the Java programming language (see QuickTime for Java), or, under Windows, using COM/ActiveX from a language supporting this. The COM/ActiveX option was introduced as part of QuickTime 7 for Windows and is intended for programmers who want to build

neg: Comparison of Java and C++ Comparison of Java and C++ This is a comparison of Java and C++, two prominent object-oriented programming languages. The differences between the programming languages C++ and Java can be traced to their heritage, as they have different design goals. C++ was designed for systems and applications programming ("i.e." infrastructure programming), extending the procedural programming language C, which was designed for efficient execution. To C, C++ added support for object-oriented programming, exception handling, lifetime-based resource management (RAII), generic programming, template metaprogramming, and the C++ Standard Library which includes generic containers and algorithms (the Standard Template Library or STL), and many other

neg: Python (programming language) to Python (commonly used to create games); PyQt and PyGTK, which bind Qt and GTK to Python respectively; and PyPy, a Python implementation originally written in Python. Python API documentation generators include: Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten most popular programming languages in the TIOBE Programming Community Index where, , it is the third most popular language (behind Java, and C). It was selected Programming Language of the Year in 2007 and 2010. An empirical study found that scripting languages, such as Python, are more productive than conventional languages, such as C and Java, for programming

neg: Jabaco not been done after BETA 1.5.2 was released. But Jabaco is an important useful programming environment yet because it works on Windows 7 and Java 8. If you are an experienced Visual Basic programmer, you can create a program which runs on JVM easily. Jabaco Jabaco is a freeware programming language for Java Virtual Machine. It allows you to program using the syntax of Visual Basic 6, but also allows for the implementation of object-oriented programming. Jabaco is in itself not a new language, but rather an implementation of the Visual Basic 6 syntax code for the Java virtual machine.

neg: Java (programming language) the Java platform for use with Java. The Android SDK is an alternative software platform, used primarily for developing Android applications with its own GUI system. The Eclipse IDE platform supports Java, but provides its own GUI system SWT. The Java language is a key pillar in Android, an open source mobile operating system. Although Android, built on the Linux kernel, is written largely in C, the Android SDK uses the Java language as the basis for Android applications. The bytecode language supported by the Android SDK is incompatible with Java bytecode and runs on its own virtual machine, optimized

neg: C Sharp (programming language) Java, called C# an "imitation" of Java; Gosling further said that "[C# is] sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted." Klaus Kreft and Angelika Langer (authors of a C++ streams book) stated in a blog post that "Java and C# are almost identical programming languages. Boring repetition that lacks innovation," "Hardly anybody will claim that Java or C# are revolutionary programming languages that changed the way we write programs," and "C# borrowed a lot from Java - and vice versa. Now that C# supports boxing and unboxing, we'll have a very similar feature in Java." In July 2000,

neg: Java (programming language) the Microsoft implementation did not support RMI or JNI and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued in 1997, and, in 2001, won a settlement of US$20 million, as well as a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun. As a result, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows. Platform-independent Java is essential to Java EE, and an even more rigorous validation is required to certify an implementation. This environment enables portable server-side applications. The Java programming language requires the presence of a software platform in order for compiled programs to be executed. Oracle supplies

neg: Google Chrome Experiments is mainly used for creating for implementing dynamic website pages and enhanced user interfaces for web browsers. Highly influenced by programming languages such as C, Java, Self, and Scheme, JavaScript supports object oriented, functional, and imperative programming styles. Even though its name has "Java" in it, it is an entirely different language from Java. JavaScript is the main area of focus on Chrome Experiments, so nearly all of the experiments showcased on the site use JavaScript in some form or other. Hyper Text Markup language or HTML is the most used markup language for displaying web pages and the backbone

neg: Jabaco Jabaco Jabaco is a freeware programming language for Java Virtual Machine. It allows you to program using the syntax of Visual Basic 6, but also allows for the implementation of object-oriented programming. Jabaco is in itself not a new language, but rather an implementation of the Visual Basic 6 syntax code for the Java virtual machine. The Jabaco compiler is a Windows integrated development environment (IDE) and a code debugger. Jabaco takes BASIC syntax source code – Microsoft Visual Basic 6 style – and compiles it to Java "bytecode" executable by the Java Virtual Machine. The update for Jabaco has

neg: IBM Informix-4GL without extended functionality, such as graphical user interfaces and integrated development environments, some examples being Four Js Development Tools and Querix. A Belgian company (Anubex) and a company in Latin America (Art-in-Soft) built a translator to the Java programming language. There is even a free GPL'ed version called Aubit-4GL. Another company called MoreData developed technology to call any 4GL function in the native 4GL-generated executables from a Java EE application server, using Java Connector Architecture. IBM Informix-4GL Informix-4GL is a 4GL programming language developed by Informix during the mid-1980s. It includes embedded SQL, a report writer language, a form language,

neg: Processing (programming language) is provided by Processing itself. iProcessing was built to help people develop native iPhone applications using the Processing language. It is an integration of the Processing.js library and a Javascript application framework for iPhone. Spde (Scala Processing Development Environment) replaces Processing's reduced Java syntax and custom preprocessor with the off-the-shelf Scala programming language which also runs on the Java platform and enforces some of the same restrictions such as disallowing static methods, while also allowing more concise code, and supporting functional programming. Quil (formerly named "clj-processing") is a wrapper for Processing in the Clojure language, a Lisp that runs on

neg: Pnuts scripting engine, such as a module system and bytecode compiler. Commercial usage of Pnuts includes Rockwell Automation's FactoryTalk development system. It looks like the project is no longer under development. Pnuts Pnuts is a dynamic scripting language for the Java platform. It is designed to be used in a dual language system with the Java programming language. The goals of the Pnuts project are to provide a small, fast scripting language that has tight integration with the Java language. Pnuts uses syntax that is simple and friendly to Java developers, while also being very expressive. Because Java and Pnuts share

neg: Easy Java Simulations a simulation with the help of EJSS, the user does not program the simulation at the level of writing code, instead the user is working at a higher conceptual level, declaring and organizing the equations and other mathematical expressions that operate the simulation. EJSS handles the technical aspects of coding the simulation in the Java programming language, thus freeing the user to concentrate on the simulation's content. The generated Java or JavaScript code can, in terms of efficiency and sophistication, be taken as the creation of a professional programmer. EJSS is written in the Java programming language and the created

neg: OpenL Tablets and format itself is close to tables found in various business documents. OpenL Tablets is based on OpenL framework for creating custom languages running on Java VM. The engine is designed to allow pluggable language implementations. Currently, it uses 2 languages: table structure for rules format and java-like for code snippets in rules. Java-like language is Java 5.0 implementation with Business User Extensions. OpenL Tablets rules are mixture of declarative programming for rules logic and imperative programming for workflow control. Table formats are flexible enough to match the semantics of the problem domain. Tests, traces, benchmarks are integral part of

neg: Gosu (programming language) Gosu (programming language) Gosu is a statically-typed general-purpose programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine. Its influences include Java, C#, and ECMAScript. Development of Gosu began in 2002 internally for Guidewire Software, and the language saw its first community release in 2010 under the Apache 2 license. Gosu can serve as a scripting language, having free-form Program types (.gsp files) for scripting as well as statically verified Template files (.gst files). Gosu can optionally execute these and all other types directly from source without precompilation, which also distinguishes it from other static languages. Gosu began in 2002 as

neg: Java concurrency again, by another thread invoking interrupt. The codice_10 methods allow one thread to wait for the completion of another. Uncaught exceptions thrown by code will terminate the thread. The codice_11 thread prints exceptions to the console, but user-created threads need a handler registered to do so. The Java memory model describes how threads in the Java programming language interact through memory. On modern platforms, code is frequently not executed in the order it was written. It is reordered by the compiler, the processor and the memory subsystem to achieve maximum performance. The Java programming language does not guarantee linearizability, or

neg: Java concurrency another thread. The Java language has built-in constructs to support this coordination. Most implementations of the Java virtual machine run as a single process and in the Java programming language, concurrent programming is mostly concerned with threads (also called lightweight processes). Multiple processes can only be realized with multiple JVMs. Threads share the process's resources, including memory and open files. This makes for efficient, but potentially problematic, communication. Every application has at least one thread called the main thread. The main thread has the ability to create additional threads as codice_1 or codice_2 objects. (The codice_2 interface is similar to

neg: Deterministic Parallel Java Deterministic Parallel Java Deterministic Parallel Java (DPJ) is an extension of the Java programming language which adds parallel constructs that provide a deterministic programming model for object-oriented languages. The language extensions define a type system that a programmer (or interactive porting tool) can use to annotate Java code with type information, and a compiler can use to type-check that a DPJ program has deterministic semantics, i.e., produces the same visible output for a given input, in all executions. Parallel algorithms that cannot be expressed entirely in the statically checked type system require run-time mechanisms to enforce determinism: two key research

neg: Google Developers their AdWords accounts and campaigns. Google App Engine lets developers run web applications on Google's infrastructure. Google App Engine supports apps written in several programming languages. With App Engine's Java runtime environment, one can build their app using standard Java technologies, including the JVM, Java servlets, and the Java programming language—or any other language using a JVM-based interpreter or compiler, such as JavaScript or Ruby. App Engine also features a dedicated Python runtime environment, which includes a fast Python interpreter and the Python standard library. Google Plugin for Eclipse (GPE) is a set of software development tools that enables Java

neg: Android software development and fellow MIT professors Eric Klopfer and Mitchel Resnick. The latest version created as the result of Google–MIT collaboration was released in February 2012, while the first version created solely by MIT was launched in March 2012 and upgraded to App Inventor 2 in December 2013. As of 2014, App Inventor is maintained by MIT. Basic4android is a commercial product similar to Simple. It is inspired by Microsoft Visual Basic 6 and Microsoft Visual Studio. It makes android programming much simpler for regular Visual Basic programmers who find coding in Java difficult. Basic4android is very active, Coreliu enables non-technical users

neg: AmbientTalk AmbientTalk AmbientTalk is an experimental object-oriented distributed programming language developed at the Programming Technology Laboratory at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. The language is primarily targeted at writing programs deployed in mobile ad hoc networks. AmbientTalk is meant to serve as an "experimentation platform" to experiment with new language features or programming abstractions to facilitate the construction of software that has to run in highly volatile networks exhibiting intermittent connectivity and little infrastructure. It is implemented in Java which enables interpretation on various platforms, including Android. The interpreter standard library also provides a seamless interface between Java and AmbientTalk objects,

neg: Coin3D in C++, but can be access from other programming languages using available bindings. Bindings have been developed for Python Pivy, Java and JavaScript. Nickel provides access to most of the Coin3D functionality from .NET. Coin3D Coin3D is a free and open-source implementation (library) of the Open Inventor API. Coin3D was originally developed and maintained as commercial software by the Norwegian company Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies (formerly Kongsberg SIM). Coin3D, like Open Inventor, is a C++ object oriented retained mode 3D graphics API used to provide a higher layer of programming for OpenGL. The API provides a number of common

neg: Foreach loop Collections in Groovy can also be iterated over using the "each" keyword and a closure. By default, the loop dummy is named "it" [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] allows looping over lists with [[Monad (functional programming)|monadic]] actions using codice_16 and codice_17 (codice_16 with its arguments flipped) from Control.Monad: It's also possible to generalize those functions to work on applicative functors rather than monads and any data structure that is traversable using codice_19 (codice_1 with its arguments flipped) and codice_21 (codice_22 with its arguments flipped) from Data.Traversable. In [[Java (programming language)|Java]], a foreach-construct was introduced in [[Java Development Kit]] (JDK) 1.5.0. Official sources

neg: Erlang (programming language) Armstrong in 2004. In 2006, native symmetric multiprocessing support was added to the runtime system and VM. The Erlang view of the world, as Joe Armstrong, co-inventor of Erlang, summarized in his PhD thesis: Joe Armstrong remarked in an interview with Rackspace in 2013: “If Java is 'write once, run anywhere', then Erlang is 'write once, run forever'.” In 2014, Ericsson reported Erlang was being used in its support nodes, and in GPRS, 3G and LTE mobile networks worldwide and also by Nortel and T-Mobile. As Tim Bray, director of Web Technologies at Sun Microsystems, expressed in his keynote at

neg: Unified Expression Language Unified Expression Language The Java Unified Expression Language is a special purpose programming language mostly used in Java web applications for embedding expressions into web pages. The Java specification writers and expert groups of the Java web-tier technologies have worked on a unified expression language which was first included in the JSP 2.1 specification (JSR-245), and later specified by itself in JSR-341, part of Java EE 7. The expression language started out as part of the JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) and was originally called SPEL (Simplest Possible Expression Language), then just Expression Language (EL). It was a scripting

neg: Java Database Connectivity Java Database Connectivity Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an application programming interface (API) for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database. It is a Java-based data access technology used for Java database connectivity. It is part of the Java Standard Edition platform, from Oracle Corporation. It provides methods to query and update data in a database, and is oriented towards relational databases. A JDBC-to-ODBC bridge enables connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in the Java virtual machine (JVM) host environment. Sun Microsystems released JDBC as part of Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.1 on February

neg: Comparison of Java and C++ Language Specification", a book which is published by Oracle. The Java language continuously evolves via a process called the Java Community Process, and the world's programming community is represented by a group of people and organizations - the Java Community members—which is actively engaged into the enhancement of the language, by sending public requests - the Java Specification Requests - which must pass formal and public reviews before they get integrated into the language. The lack of a firm standard for Java and the somewhat more volatile nature of its specifications have been a constant source of criticism by stake-holders

neg: Android (operating system) often, the Java programming language. Java may be combined with C/C++, together with a choice of non-default runtimes that allow better C++ support. The Go programming language is also supported, although with a limited set of application programming interfaces (API). In May 2017, Google announced support for Android app development in the Kotlin programming language. The SDK includes a comprehensive set of development tools, including a debugger, software libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Initially, Google's supported integrated development environment (IDE) was Eclipse using the Android Development Tools (ADT) plugin; in December 2014, Google

neg: Regular expression regex flavors, the term "character class" is used to describe what POSIX calls "bracket expressions". Because of its expressive power and (relative) ease of reading, many other utilities and programming languages have adopted syntax similar to Perl's—for example, [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Qt (software)|Qt]], [[Microsoft]]'s [[.NET Framework]], and [[XML Schema (W3C)|XML Schema]]. Some languages and tools such as [[Boost C++ Libraries|Boost]] and [[PHP]] support multiple regex flavors. Perl-derivative regex implementations are not identical and usually implement a subset of features found in Perl 5.0, released in 1994. Perl sometimes does incorporate features initially found

neg: Java Platform, Standard Edition Java Platform, Standard Edition Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for desktop and server environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). The platform uses Java programming language and is part of the Java software-platform family. Java SE defines a range of general-purpose APIs—such as Java APIs for the Java Class Library—and also includes the Java Language Specification and the Java Virtual Machine Specification. One of the most well-known implementations of Java SE is Oracle Corporation's Java Development Kit (JDK). The platform was known

neg: Language-agnostic Language-agnostic Language-agnostic programming or scripting (also called language-neutral, language-independent, or cross-language) is a software development paradigm where a particular language is chosen because of its appropriateness for a particular task (taking into consideration all factors, including ecosystem, developer skill-sets, performance, etc.), and not purely because of the skill-set available within a development team. For example, a language agnostic Java development team might choose to use Ruby or Perl for some development work, where Ruby or Perl would be more appropriate than Java. "Cross-Language" in programming and scripting describes a program in which two or more languages must be implemented into

neg: Java API for XML Web Services Java API for XML Web Services The Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS) is a Java programming language API for creating web services, particularly SOAP services. JAX-WS is one of the Java XML programming APIs. It is part of the Java EE platform. The JAX-WS 2.2 specification JSR 224 defines a standard Java- to-WSDL mapping which determines how WSDL operations are bound to Java methods when a SOAP message invokes a WSDL operation. This Java-to-WSDL mapping determines which Java method gets invoked and how that SOAP message is mapped to the method’s parameters. This mapping also determines how the

neg: Criticism of Java by those with administrator privileges. The Windows Java updater frequently triggers a disruptive random User Account Control elevation prompt; however, choosing Yes or No for elevation will still yield the same "Java needs to be updated" message. Criticism of Java A number of criticisms have been levelled at the Java programming language and the Java software platform for various design choices in the language and platform. Such criticisms include the implementation of generics, forced object-oriented programming, the handling of unsigned numbers, the implementation of floating-point arithmetic, and a history of security vulnerabilities in the primary Java VM implementation, HotSpot. Additionally,

neg: Translator (computing) Translator (computing) A translator or programming language processor is a computer program for specifying one program in one programming language (the target language) that is functionally equivalent to that (a translation of another) in a different language (the source language). This is without losing the functional or logical structure of the original program. These include translations between high-level and human-readable computer languages such as C++ and Java, intermediate-level languages such as Java bytecode, low-level languages such as the assembly language and machine code, and between similar levels of language on different computing platforms, as well as from any of these

neg: Martin Odersky Martin Odersky Martin Odersky (born 5 September 1958) is a German computer scientist and professor of programming methods at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. He specializes in code analysis and programming languages. He designed the Scala programming language and Generic Java (and Pizza before) both with others. He implemented the GJ compiler, and his implementation became the basis of javac, the Java compiler. In 2007, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 1989, he received his Ph.D. from ETH Zurich under the supervision of Niklaus Wirth, who is best known as

neg: Comparison of Java and Android API Comparison of Java and Android API This article compares the application programming interfaces (APIs) and virtual machines (VMs) of the programming language Java and operating system Android. While most Android applications are written in Java-like language, there are some differences between the Java API and the Android API, and Android does not run Java bytecode by a traditional Java virtual machine (JVM), but instead by a Dalvik virtual machine in older versions of Android, and an Android Runtime (ART) in newer versions, that compile the same code that Dalvik runs to Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) executables containing machine code.

neg: Java (software platform) the Java language. These include: The success of Java and its write once, run anywhere concept has led to other similar efforts, notably the .NET Framework, appearing since 2002, which incorporates many of the successful aspects of Java. .NET in its complete form (Microsoft's implementation) is currently only fully available on Windows platforms, whereas Java is fully available on many platforms. .NET was built from the ground-up to support multiple programming languages, while the Java platform was initially built to support only the Java language, although many other languages have been made for JVM since. .NET includes a Java-like language

neg: Virtual machine provides a high-level abstraction that of a high-level programming language (compared to the low-level ISA abstraction of the system VM). Process VMs are implemented using an interpreter; performance comparable to compiled programming languages can be achieved by the use of just-in-time compilation. This type of VM has become popular with the Java programming language, which is implemented using the Java virtual machine. Other examples include the Parrot virtual machine and the .NET Framework, which runs on a VM called the Common Language Runtime. All of them can serve as an abstraction layer for any computer language. A special case of

neg: AmbientTalk makeGreeter("Alice"); makeGreeter("Bob"); AmbientTalk AmbientTalk is an experimental object-oriented distributed programming language developed at the Programming Technology Laboratory at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. The language is primarily targeted at writing programs deployed in mobile ad hoc networks. AmbientTalk is meant to serve as an "experimentation platform" to experiment with new language features or programming abstractions to facilitate the construction of software that has to run in highly volatile networks exhibiting intermittent connectivity and little infrastructure. It is implemented in Java which enables interpretation on various platforms, including Android. The interpreter standard library also provides a seamless interface between Java and