query: which instrument is traditionally played in the indian marriage

pos: Nadaswaram is part of the family of instruments known as "mangala vadyam" (lit. "mangala" ["auspicious"], "vadya" ["instrument"]). The instrument is usually played in pairs, and accompanied by a pair of drums called "thavil"; it can also be accompanied with a drone from a similar oboe called the ottu. Nadaswaram is referred in many ancient Tamil texts. Silappatikaram refers to an instrument called "vangiyam". The structure of this instrument matches that of Nadaswaram. Since there are seven holes played with seven fingers this was also called as "Ezhil". This instrument, too, is widely played in Tamil Nadu and popular among the Tamil

pos: Nadaswaram Nadaswaram The nadhaswaram, nagaswaram, or nathaswaram is a double reed wind instrument from South India. It is used as a traditional classical instrument in Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala. This instrument is "among the world's loudest non-brass acoustic instruments". It is a wind instrument similar to the North Indian "shehnai" but much longer, with a hardwood body and a large flaring bell made of wood or metal. In Tamil culture, the nadaswaram is considered to be very auspicious, and it is a key musical instrument played in almost all Hindu weddings and temples of the South Indian tradition. It

pos: Davandai by other names – Echarikai in Kumbakonam and Veeravandi in Srirangam. There are special temple rituals during which the Davandai is usually played. It is usually played as an accompaniment to the Nadaswaram in place of the traditional Thavil. In some temples, Davandai announces the “Swami Porappadu”, the onset of a procession of the temple idol. Davandai is an ancient instrument that finds mentions in the Puranas. It is also depicted in the sculptures at the Madurai Meenakshi Temple. Davandai Davandai is an ancient percussion instrument played during the rituals in some South Indian temples, most famously the Meenakshi Temple

pos: South India is popular for its "biryani". South Indians having traditional way ingredients food which required for day-to-day energy consumption for human body The traditional music of South India is known as Carnatic music, which includes rhythmic and structured music by composers like Purandara Dasa, Kanaka Dasa, Tyagayya, Annamacharya, Bhakta Ramadasu, Muthuswami Dikshitar, Shyama Shastri, Kshetrayya, Mysore Vasudevachar and Swathi Thirunal. The main instrument that is used in South Indian Hindu temples is the "nadaswaram", a reed instrument played along with thavil, a type of drum instrument to create an ensemble. The motion picture industry has emerged as an important platform in

pos: Malaysian Indians is hence popular in Malaysia. Ramli Ibrahim and Mavin Khoo are two non-Indian Malaysians who are world-renowned Indian classical dance performers. The Temple of Fine Arts in Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur is an academy that provides training in traditional Indian dance and music. The urumee drums are often played at religious and cultural events. The nadaswaram is a traditional Indian wind instrument often played at Indian weddings in Malaysia. The contribution of the Indian community to Malaysian cuisine is enormous. Indian cuisine has had a strong influence on traditional Malay cuisine resulting in the popularity of curries in Malaysia. Indian restaurants

neg: Indian classical music time in Hindustani music. Another common instrument is the stringed tanpura, which is played at a steady tone (a drone) throughout the performance of the raga, and which provides both a point of reference for the musician and a background against which the music stands out. The tuning of the tanpura depends on the raga being performed.The task of playing the tanpura traditionally falls to a student of the soloist. Other instruments for accompaniment include the sarangi and the harmonium. Indian classical music is both elaborate and expressive. Like Western classical music, it divides the octave into 12 semitones of

neg: Telugu wedding ceremony The ceremony is held under a "Kaḷyāṇa Maṇḍapaṃ" or wedding pavilion decorated with fresh flowers. The "Nādasvaram" (also called the "Shehnai" in North India) is an Indian musical instrument that traditionally accompanies most Telugu weddings. Each element in the ceremony is connected and is given special importance. Historically, the groom would ride an elephant to the bride's home where the wedding is supposed to take place. This practice is called "Gajaarohana". Today this tradition is declining. Some marriage ceremonies are held in a temple in the presence of god, but most are conducted outside because of the number of people

neg: Wedding photography they have not become common in India except among the Christians. Indian weddings use bold colors, not white. Loud music is considered to be proper during parts of an Indian marriage. The ceremonies are elaborate and can take considerable time even when condensed. There are various rituals like Seven Promises of Indian Marriage which are called as "'Saat Pheras"' and are performed on the day of wedding. An Indian marriage is traditionally a public affair, with the bridegroom taken in a procession through the town. Even a modest Indian wedding can have several hundred participants, who are all thought to

neg: Pena (musical instrument) is also tied to the instrument tail. The bow is wooden and bears a curved flourish at one end which is made of metal. In some parts, the bow also features tiny metal bells. The string is traditionally made of horse hair but, sometimes, metal strings and strings made out of wood fiber are also used. Pena (musical instrument) ꯄꯦꯅꯥ(Pena) , also known as "Tingtelia" in Tangkhul Language is a mono string instrument falling in the lute category, similar to some of the traditional Indian stringed musical instruments such as Ravanahatha, "Ubo" or the "Kenda", found in various parts of

neg: Tonkori Tonkori The is a plucked string instrument played by the Ainu people of Hokkaidō, northern Japan and Sakhalin. It generally has five strings, which are not stopped or fretted but simply played "open". The instrument is believed to have been developed in Sakhalin. By the 1970s the instrument was practically extinct, but is experiencing a revival along with the increased interest in Ainu heritage. The instrument is typically constructed of a single piece of Jezo spruce approximately a metre long. Its shape is traditionally said to resemble a woman's body, and the corresponding words are used for its parts. A

neg: Wonderwall Music swarmandal, dilruba and tabla in his work with the Beatles, Harrison sought to include less well-known Indian musical instruments.<ref name="White/Musician p 56">Timothy White, "George Harrison – Reconsidered", "Musician", November 1987, p. 56.</ref> Among these, the oboe-like shehnai, traditionally used in religious ceremonies, was an instrument that Harrison had enthused about after seeing Bismillah Khan perform at the Hollywood Bowl in August 1967. Also prominent on the soundtrack is the tar shehnai, a bow-played string instrument that is similar to an esraj. Other instrumentation introduced on "Wonderwall Music" includes the sarod, similar to a lute, and the santoor, a type of

neg: Tabla this instrument which has a bell-like sound. The skill required for the proper construction of this area is highly refined and is the main differentiating factor in the quality of a particular instrument. For stability while playing, each drum is positioned on a toroidal bundle called "chutta" or "guddi", consisting of plant fiber or another malleable material wrapped in cloth. Indian music is traditionally practice-oriented and until the 20th century did not employ written notations as the primary media of instruction, understanding, or transmission. The rules of Indian music and compositions themselves are taught from a guru to a shishya,

neg: Naqareh form part of present-day orchestral ensembles. Naqqåre can be found in different sizes in different regions of Iran: Naqqara are also found in India, where the word is pronounced "nagara" or "nagada". They are paired kettledrums traditionally used in the "naubat" "Nine Things", a traditional ensemble of nine instruments. Nagara are also played with sticks. Today, this instrument is usually used to accompany the "shehnai" or "Indian oboe", an indispensable component of any North Indian wedding. It was also used during Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s time as a war drum (first mentioned in the Battle of Banghani). This was to

neg: Pungi Pungi The pungi (Hindi: पुंगी), also called the been (बीन) and murli, is a wind instrument played by snake charmers on the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a mouth-blown air reservoir made from a gourd, which channels air into two reedpipes. The pungi is played with no pauses, with the player employing circular breathing. The pungi originated in India and is still played by snake charmers in street performances. The pungi was originally developed as an Indian folk music instrument, and is still important for religious purposes and music in India. The pungi was popular in the Badagutittū about

neg: Bhankora size of Bhonkara varies from region to region.However traditionally the ideal height of full sized Bhankora is supposed to be from ground till the ears of a normal sized person. The full sized version of this instrument is played while ceremonial prayers at temples. 1.Bhankora an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument used in Religious Garhwal Folk Dramas » Bedupako.com Bhankora The Bhankora is a wind instrument originating from Uttarakhand, India, and is especially known by the Garhwalis. The instrument is Aero Phonic and used specifically in Religious Garhwal Folk Dramas. The instrument is played only by upper class Garhwalis

neg: Nakara (drum) Nakara (drum) Nagada (Indian Drum) is a percussion instrument used for its rhythmic sounds.. Nakara is a festival instrument mostly used in South Indian Hindu temples. The size may vary and this instrument may be kept near the entrance of the South Indian Hindu temples. Nagada is played even now in chosen Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu. The temple musical instruments are termed as Kethu or jalliry or jalli instruments (Tamil Language: கெத்து வாத்தியம், "ஜல்லிரி', "ஜல்லி'). Mostly the temple staff operate this musical instrument. It is learned that about 18 musical instruments (Ashta dasa) were being played during regular pooja

neg: Kora (instrument) are played at the same time by skilled players. Kora players have traditionally come from jali families (also from the Mandinka nationalities) who are traditional historians, genealogists and storytellers who pass their skills on to their descendants. The instrument is played in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso and the Gambia. Most West African musicians prefer the term "jali" to "griot", which is the French word. "Jali" means something similar to a "bard" or oral historian. Traditional koras feature 21 strings, eleven played by the left hand and ten by the right. Modern koras made in the Casamance region of

neg: Saw u strings that are played with a bow. The bow is between the strings and the player tilts the bow to play each string. The bow is made out of horse tail hair like every other bow and needs to have rosin put on occasionally just like a western stringed instrument. The saw u is a very fragile instrument and is played traditionally on the lap sitting down. The saw u can be played as a solo instrument in some cases but is mainly used for the backbone in some ensembles because of its rich, dark, and mellow tone. The saw

neg: Electronic tanpura Electronic tanpura An electronic tanpura is an electronic instrument that replicates the sound of an Indian string instrument known as the tanpura (tambura), used to provide a constant drone to accompany another's vocal or instrumental melody. So far, it has been used only for individual practice, not in concerts. In Indian music, the drone is a basic function of the music. The development of a raga, any composition or song within raga presupposes and requires the continuous sounding of the key-note, its octave and another tone, usually the fifth or fourth. Traditionally drone is often provided by one or more

neg: Diddley bow by plucking while varying the pitch with a metal or glass slide held in the other hand. A glass bottle is usually used as the bridge, which helps amplify the sound. The diddley bow was traditionally considered an "entry-level" instrument, normally played by adolescent boys, who then graduate to a "normal" guitar if they show promise on the diddley bow. However currently, the diddley bow is also played by professional players as a solo as well as an accompaniment instrument. The diddley bow is significant to blues music in that many blues guitarists got their start playing it as children,

neg: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! is traditionally a military style, with a strong and even beat, originally meant to help troops "march" in step while traveling. The anthem betrays its colonial influence through the general absence of local musical styles and instrument types. Ron Emoff, professor of music and anthropology at OSU Newark, notes that the anthem is not played in the "vakondra-zana" style, which is the style of the ancestors' music, also known as a form of traditional music. Emoff also notes that the anthem is usually not played on the local instrument, the "valiha""." This is because the anthem replicates the same essential

neg: Adufe Adufe The adufe is a traditional square tambourine of Moorish origin, which is used in Portugal. A Portuguese percussion instrument, it was traditionally used in the Beira and Trás-os-Montes regions. It was also used in many other regions across the Iberian Peninsula, and similar instruments are also found in Northern Africa. Normally used for Christian religious processions it was also used as a musical company for the local festivals or even for the works in the fields. Traditionally, it was only played by women. However it was also played by men in several occasions, though not in religious times The

neg: Fujara "air channel"), mounted on the main body of the instrument. While it is possible to play the fundamental frequency on fujaras, the normal playing technique is based on overblowing the instrument. Because of the high aspect ratio of the sound chamber (great length versus small internal diameter), the player can use overtones to play a diatonic scale using only the three tone holes. The fujara is typically played while standing, with the instrument held vertically and usually braced against the right thigh. The atypical design produces a deep, meditative timbre. Ornaments are traditionally added to the base melodies, which usually

neg: Reco-reco Reco-reco The reco-reco (also called the raspador, caracaxá or querequexé) is a scraper of African origin used as a percussion instrument in Brazilian music, but also in many Latin American countries, where it is known as güiro, güira, guayo and guacharaca. Traditionally, the reco-reco was made from a sawtooth notched cylindrical body made of bamboo or wood, and played with a wooden stick. The instrument is used in many styles of Brazilian music, such as samba and related genres. For some time, reco-recos have been made of a metallic cylinder with springs attached and played with a metal stick, which

neg: Music of Sri Lanka The Ravanahatha or Ravana's hand is mentioned in the ancient Indian epic 'Ramayana'. The Ravanahatha sounds like the north Indian instruments Sarangi and Esraj. Dinesh Subasinghe has re-introduced this instrument to Sri Lankan media in 2007 and launched the first CD using the instrument, "Rawana Nada". Western classical music has been studied and performed in Sri Lanka since its introduction during the Portuguese colonial period of the 15th century. The upper middle-class and upper-class citizens of the country traditionally formed the pedagogues, students, and audience of the Western classical tradition in the country, although western music is also offered as

neg: Nyatiti violin-like instrument called the "orutu", and percussion. Modern day players will often integrate the instrument in with Western-style guitar, bass, keyboards and drums. Traditionally, players wear a headdress called "Kondo", which is fashioned out of goat fur. Dancers sometimes accompany the nyatiti player and wear brightly colored skirts called "Owalo". Younger players often forego the traditional dress, opting for clothes typical of present-day performances. Some maintain that music from the nyatiti inspired what became benga music. Nyatiti The nyatiti is a five to eight-stringed plucked lyre from Kenya. It is a classical instrument played by the Luo people of Western

neg: Udukku Udukku The Udukku, also known as "Udukkai",() () , is an Indian traditional percussion instrument of dravidian origin, once popular in Tamil Nadu Kerala, and north and east parts of Sri Lanka, similar to Damaru and Edakka, larger than the former but smaller than the latter. Udukku is a smaller version of Edakka, shaped like an hour glass. The instrument is about 8 to 10 inches long with a girth of 6 to 8 inches on both ends and tapering towards the centre. The body of the instrument is traditionally made out of kiln fired clay but later variants are

neg: Karbi people bridge, which is covered with goat skin. Scholars call this type of lute as ‘quite different...where the body is a separate resonator made of coconut.’ 'b)' Kùmli’eng – it is named so because the one stringed fiddle (or viol) played using a bow produces ‘eng eng’ sounds. The resonator is made from a gourd shell and resembles the typical spike-lute. The player rests the base of the instrument on the ground steadied by his left or right toe. The string is traditionally made of a strong fibre of mengsuri. It is a very versatile and creative instrument which gives an

neg: Tahitian drumming that was traditionally used by warriors at sea, but is now recognized as an occasional accompanying instrument to the drumming and dance performance. The Tahitian and Hawaiian ukulele have been adopted also as acceptable instruments, though traditionally it is not part of the performance. Lastly, the pahu tupa’i rima is a single membrane drum that is played with the hands. It is at the bottom of the drum ranks because it is a contemporary instrument that newcomers play. Tahitian drumming compositions are composed of single rhythmic phrases that Tahitians call pehe. There are three parts of a pehe, each serving

neg: Wood block "Holzblocktrommel", or Italian "cassa di legno" . The orchestral wood-block instrument of the West is generally made from teak or another hardwood. The dimensions of this instrument vary, although it is either a rectangular or cylindrical block of wood with one or sometimes two longitudinal cavities . It is played by striking it with a stick, which produces a sharp crack . Alternatively, a rounder mallet, soft or hard, may be used, which produces a deeper-pitched and fuller "knocking" sound. In a drum kit, a woodblock was traditionally mounted on a clamp fixed to the top of the rear rim

neg: Piva (bagpipe) Piva (bagpipe) The piva is a type of bagpipe played in Italy and in Ticino, the Italian-speaking Canton of Switzerland. The instrument has a single chanter and single drone. A different instrument with the same name is also known in Istria region of Croatia. Illustrations and scriptural evidences tend to suggest that a similar instrument was also used in Veneto. In Italy it was traditionally played in an ensemble with the piffero (folk oboe) until the piva was replaced by the accordion in the 1950s. The piva appears to have died out in Switzerland in the 19th century, but was

neg: Yangqin (ขิม). The yangqin was traditionally fitted with bronze strings (though older Chinese stringed instruments used silk strings, resulting in their, and the yangqin's, categorisation as a silk, or "si" instrument), which gave the instrument a soft timbre. This form of instrument is still occasionally heard today in the "hudie qin" (蝴蝶琴, lit. "butterfly zither") played in the traditional silk and bamboo genre from the Shanghai region known as Jiangnan sizhu (江南絲竹), as well as in some Cantonese music groups. The Thai and Cambodian "khim" are nearly identical in their construction, having been introduced to those nations by southern Chinese musicians.

neg: Polygamy traditionally, as was polygyny, and having several wives or husbands was never regarded as having sex with inappropriate partners. Most typically, fraternal polyandry is practiced, but sometimes father and son have a common wife, which is a unique family structure in the world. Other forms of marriage are also present, like group marriage and monogamous marriage. Polyandry (especially fraternal polyandry) is also common among Buddhists in Bhutan, Ladakh, and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. Some pre-Christian Celtic pagans were known to practice polygamy, although the Celtic peoples wavered between it, monogamy and polyandry depending on the time period and

neg: Datong (instrument) Datong (instrument) The datong (大筒) is a bowed string instrument in the "huqin" family, and is used as an accompanying instrument in the "huaguxi" opera tradition of Hunan, China. Referring to this role, the instrument is also referred to "huagu datong" (花鼓大筒). Traditionally the datong was constructed with a bamboo body, and covered on the playing end with snakeskin. Its neck is made of hardwood. Silk strings were used in the past, but most contemporary players use steel strings. The datong is held upright on the lap when played. The "datong" should not be confused with the "datongxian" (also called

neg: Idakka with definite pitch. The snares running under the drum heads have been found to interact with the vibrating membrane in a way that causes the pitch of the instrument to be determinate. Different pitches can be obtained by squeezing the lacing around the instrument, which changes the amount of tension in the skins. Idakka The idakka (), also spelt edaykka/edakka, is an hourglass-shaped drum from Kerala in south India. This handy percussion instrument is very similar to the pan-Indian damaru. While the damaru is played by rattling knotted cords against the resonators, the idakka is played with a stick. Like

neg: Pedal steel guitar (pronounced mo-ay). Moe taught Hawaiian guitar style and made steel guitars, and is believed to have been a force in popularizing the instrument in India. By the 1960s, the steel had become a common instrument in Indian popular music—later included in film sound tracks. Indian musicians generally have not used pedals —they have played the lap steel while sitting on the floor and modified the instrument by using, for example, three melody strings (played with steel bar and finger picks), four plucked drone strings, and 12 sympathetic strings to buzz like a sitar. Performing in this manner, the Indian musician

neg: Shashikala Dani Shashikala Dani Vidushi Shashikala Dani (, ) is an Indian Hindustani Classical Multi-Instrumentalist. She is one of the few musicians and presently the only All India Radio graded female exponent of a unique Indian instrument, Jaltarang (, ). Never-the-less she is also an All India Radio graded Vocalist in the Gamaka genre of Hindustani Light Music. Jaltarang (or Jal Tarang) is a rare Indian Classical Instrument and a noted Indian melodic percussion instrument containing several porcelain bowls varying in size from big to small (left to right respectively), tuned to perfection by adding water to them. As it is played

neg: Tamboori Tamboori The tamboori (also called a tambra) is a long-necked bowed string instrument found in Indian music. The tamboori is very similar to the tanpura, despite being smaller and played with a bow. A tamboori is played as a melodic instrument, unlike the tanpura. Each string has a fundamental tone with its own spectrum of overtones, which makes a rich and vibrant sound, due to interactive harmonic resonance that will support the external tones played by the soloist. The name tamboori is derived from tama or tana, referring to a musical phrase, and borri, or bori which means "vibrant". The

neg: Piva (bagpipe) revived in 1980 by Swiss-German folk musician Urs Klauser. Piva (bagpipe) The piva is a type of bagpipe played in Italy and in Ticino, the Italian-speaking Canton of Switzerland. The instrument has a single chanter and single drone. A different instrument with the same name is also known in Istria region of Croatia. Illustrations and scriptural evidences tend to suggest that a similar instrument was also used in Veneto. In Italy it was traditionally played in an ensemble with the piffero (folk oboe) until the piva was replaced by the accordion in the 1950s. The piva appears to have died

neg: Frula Frula The frula (, ), also known as svirala (свирала) or jedinka, is a musical instrument which resembles a medium sized flute, traditionally played in Serbia. It is typically made of wood and has six holes. It is an end-blown aerophone. The frula is a traditional instrument of shepherds, who would play while tending their flocks. For a list of similar instruments, see the section below. In Croatia it is commonly known as "jedinka". Other local names in Croatia include "žveglica", "šaltva", "kavela", "ćurlik". It has also been simply called "Serbian flute". The frula is a small wooden flute with

neg: Cimboa nowadays it is used more as a decorative piece, rather than a musical instrument. Cimboa The cimboa (, also in São Vicente Creole, Capeverdean Creole of ALUPEK: "simboa" or "simbua"), also known as the cimbó , is a musical instrument from Cape Verde. It is a bowed chordophone that was traditionally used to be played with the batuque dances. The "cimboa" is composed of the instrument proper and its bow. The instrument belongs to the lute family, and so it possesses a neck attached to a sound box. The sound box is made of a calebash, or when it is

neg: Frula Jeremića" in Ražanj, "sabori frulaša" in Lelić and Prislonica, "takmičenja frulaša" in Iđoš, and "Frula fest" in Kruševac. A popular Serbian folk song is "Ej čija frula" ("O, whose frula"), recorded by, among others, Braća Bajić, Radiša Urošević and Cune Gojković. Frula The frula (, ), also known as svirala (свирала) or jedinka, is a musical instrument which resembles a medium sized flute, traditionally played in Serbia. It is typically made of wood and has six holes. It is an end-blown aerophone. The frula is a traditional instrument of shepherds, who would play while tending their flocks. For a list

neg: Chitrali sitar Chitrali sitar The chitrali sitar ()is a long-necked lute played in northern area, Chitral of Pakistan. It is not related to the Indian sitar and its name is probably a corruption of setar a Central Asian and Iranian long-necked lute. The instrument has five strings in three courses, the middle course being of one string. Melody is played on the top two strings which are fretted together. The tuning of the instrument is unusual, as the single middle string does not go down the whole length of the neck of the instrument, instead it passes under the first four frets,

neg: Turkish crescent Emperor William I presented a Turkish crescent to King David Kalākaua on the occasion of the King's visit to Berlin during his trip around the world bearing the inscription "no ka hoomanao ana ia Berlin" (to commemorate Berlin), which was then used by the Royal Hawaiian Band. In the mid-19th century this instrument was replaced in most bands by the glockenspiel, which was carried similarly but could be played musically. Turkish crescent A Turkish crescent, (also cevgen (Tr.), Turkish jingle, Jingling Johnny, (Ger.), or pavillon chinois (Fr.), chaghana) is a percussion instrument traditionally used by military bands. In some contexts

neg: Dinesh Subasinghe evolved from the ravanahatha. "Ravana Nada" is the first recording to include music played on the ravanahatha, although it had appeared in films as a visual item. On this CD Subasinghe performed with a slightly different version of the instrument. He also played it on A. R. Rahman's "Rhyme Skool with Katrina Kaif", which was narrated by Kaif, and for some Indian Tamil movie music., In addition to the ravanahatha, Subasinghe is reviving another ancient bowed instrument called the kingiri. Since 2007 Subasinghe has tried to discover the similarity between the Ravan and the Kingri (string instrument). He has mentioned

neg: Sympitar Sympitar A Sympitar is a modern form of guitar combining functional aspects of the guitar and the Indian sitar. This instrument has a unique feature: there is a graphite channel which guides a series of "sympathetic" resonating strings through the neck from the bridge up to the headstock. These strings vibrate or resonate against a "jiwari" bridge, which produces the sustaining drone typically associated with Indian music. The instrument(s) also have at least 6 standard guitar strings which traverse the length of the neck just as they do for a standard steel-string acoustic guitar. Depending on the notes played and

neg: Dombra Dombra The dombyra () is a long-necked Kazakh lute and a musical string instrument. The dombyra shares certain characteristics with the komuz and dutar. It is a popular instrument among Turkic communities in Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, as well as Mongolia. The instrument differs slightly in different regions. The Kazakh dombyra has frets and is played by strumming with the hand or plucking each string individually, with an occasional tap on the main surface of the instrument. While the strings are traditionally made of sinew, modern dombras are usually produced using nylon strings. One of

neg: Kendara Kendara The Kendara is a wooden string instrument. The "kendara" has one string and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its string. They are mostly played traditionally by "jogi"s, people who would go from door to door with a dried gourd container to keep rice, and a kendara to play while singing, and accept food as alms. They are rarely used in genres of folk including country music. The folk genre of music played in a "kendara" is known as "kendara gita". The instrument rose to popularity during 12th century when Sanskrit was made the official language

neg: Laúd Laúd Laúd () is a plectrum-plucked chordophone from Spain, played also in diaspora countries such as Cuba and the Philippines. It belongs to the cittern family of instruments. The Spanish and Cuban instruments have six double courses in unison (i.e. twelve strings in pairs); the Philippine instrument has 14 strings with some courses singled or tripled. A similar, but smaller instrument, with a shorter neck, is the bandurria, which also exists in 12- and 14-string versions. Traditionally it is used by folk string musical groups, such as the Filipino rondalla string ensemble, together with the guitar and the bandurria. Like

neg: The Old Plantation the only known painting of its era that depicts African Americans by themselves, concerned only with each other, though its central activity remains obscure. Some writers have speculated that the painting depicts a marriage ceremony, with the attendant tradition of jumping the broom. However, scholars have suggested that the subjects are performing a secular dance: western African dance patterns traditionally include sticks and a variety of body positions. The headdresses pictured are of West African origin. The painting features two male musicians, one of whom is playing a stringed instrument that resembles a Yoruba molo; the body of this instrument

neg: Petrus Kaseke Petrus Kaseke Petrus Kaseke (born in Ratahan Minahasa, North Sulawesi, October 2, 1942; age 74 years) is an Indonesian craftsman specializing in kolintang, a traditional Indonesian musical instrument. By the time he was 10 years old (1952), he was able to create kolintang with 2.5 octave diatonic tones. By 1960 he could create scales of up to three and a half octaves. Kolintang, which is a traditional folk instrument played in Minahasa, had been banned during the Dutch colonial period, as they were traditionally used to accompany ritual worship of ancestors by the local community. Over a century, the existence

neg: Hiwi people the same wood, they produce oars with round handles and oval paddles. Although made by hand, the completed curiara looks newly manufactured. The Hiwi make wind and percussion musical instruments for festivities and ceremonial rituals, such as flutes with three holes made from large deer bones. Pan flutes, made with five or six tubes of caña amarga, often are played with another musical instrument made from the skull and antlers of the deer. The maraca, the shaman’s principal musical instrument, is traditionally used for healing. The body of a maraca is made from a dried gourd, which is then painted

neg: Uwang Ahadas Uwang Ahadas Uwang Ahadas is a Filipino folk musician of the Yakan people who is a recipient of the National Living Treasures Award. Uwang Ahadas was born on February 15, 1945. He went near blind when he was five years old. Ahadas along with his siblings musicians were taught how to play Yakan traditional instruments as children. He first learned how to play the gabbang, a wooden bamboo instrument similar to the xylophone then learned how to play the agung an instrument traditionally played by Yakan men. By age 20, Ahadas had already mastered the kwintangan which is considered as

neg: Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias kind of conical-bored shawm with seven holes in the front and one in the back, which is played in a similar manner to the bagpipe chanter. While it was traditionally made in E-flat, the instrument has been revitalized by Antón Corral, who makes them in D. A transverse flute with six holes is called a "requinta"; it is similar to the fife. It is usually in G, or sometimes a high C. Traditional Galician wind instruments include the "pito pastoril (galego)", literally (Galician) shepherd's whistle. Despite the similarity in name, this instrument belongs to a different family than the Cantabrian

neg: Viola caipira into the modern guitar. It is likely a descendant of one of the many folk guitars that have traditionally been played in Portugal. The viola braguesa and viola amarantina, for instance, are two types of ten-string guitars from the north of Portugal, which are closely related to the viola caipira. Some have described the viola caipira as Brazil's national instrument, but others argue that the tambourine-like pandeiro has a stronger claim. The Brazilian Embassy in Washington lists a national flower among the official symbols of Brazil, but no national musical instrument. What is undisputed is that the viola caipira was

neg: Pump organ flute and developed the hand-held harmonium, which has subsequently become an integral part of the Indian music scene. Dwijendranath Tagore is credited with having used the imported instrument in 1860 in his private theatre, but it was probably a pedal-pumped instrument that was cumbersome or possibly some variation of the reed organ. Initially it aroused curiosity, but gradually people started playing it, and Ghose took the initiative to modify it. It was in response to the Indian needs that the hand-held harmonium was introduced. All Indian musical instruments are played with the musician sitting on the floor or on a

neg: Pungi succession of syllables (with or without meaning) used to create prayer to a supernatural force or deity. The pungi is believed to be one of the many ways in which one can communicate with the gods through devotional genres. Pungi The pungi (Hindi: पुंगी), also called the been (बीन) and murli, is a wind instrument played by snake charmers on the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a mouth-blown air reservoir made from a gourd, which channels air into two reedpipes. The pungi is played with no pauses, with the player employing circular breathing. The pungi originated in India and

neg: Unpitched percussion instrument bells. Lincoln Cathedral, for example, has three bell towers, two containing bells used as unpitched including a chiming clock, and the third containing a pitched ring of bells. Traditionally, unpitched percussion instruments are referred to as untuned percussion, and this remains a common concept and term, and a common name for the auxiliary percussion subsection of the percussion section of the orchestra. However, the terms "tuned percussion" and "untuned percussion" are avoided in recent organology, for two main reasons: Unpitched percussion instrument An unpitched percussion instrument is a percussion instrument played in such a way as to produce sounds of

neg: Belembaotuyan Belembaotuyan The belembaotuyan is a musical bow played in Guam, also spelled "belumbaotuyan", "belenbaotuchan", and "belimbau-tuyan". This gourd-resonating musical bow likely has common roots with the Brazilian berimbau, due to constant trade between Asia and South America in the nineteenth century, during which the instrument may have been introduced to the Chamorro people. The "belembaotuyan" has traditionally been part of wedding and other ceremonies in Guam, such as the Chamorro Month celebrations in schools, though it has lost popularity in recent times. The name of the instrument comes from the words "belembao" ('swaying of the trees' in Chamorro) and "tuyan"

neg: Sarangi (Nepali) songs describing the misery of the family of poor soldiers dying in wars. His most famous composition "Aaama Le Sodhlin" is one of them. Sarangi (Nepali) The sarangi () is a folk Nepalese bowed string instrument. Traditionally in Nepal, the Sarangi was only played by people of Gandarva or Gaine caste, who sing narrative tales and folk song. However, in present days, it is widely used and played by many. It is also used widely in Nepali music. The sarangi has largely usurped the role of the previous Gaine instrument, the plucked lute "arbajo". Traditional Nepali Sarangi is made up

neg: Bhankora Bhankora The Bhankora is a wind instrument originating from Uttarakhand, India, and is especially known by the Garhwalis. The instrument is Aero Phonic and used specifically in Religious Garhwal Folk Dramas. The instrument is played only by upper class Garhwalis during the Naubat, Dhanyal, and Dev Jatra types of religious ritual performances. The bhankora is made by copper and is about 36 inches long and about 3 inches in diameter; it creates a sweet melodious sound and tone. Bhankora or Bhonkara is Uttarakhand's famous native musical instrument.This is handmade in copper metal by local Tamta artisans of Uttarakhand traditionally. The

neg: Chitarra battente or dancing and can be played in an ensemble or as a solo instrument. The most important center of production is in Bisignano in the province of Cosenza. Traditionally the instrument has been made locally in the region from which its characteristics derive, often being constructed by non-professional craftsmen or simple carpenters. One notable virtuoso on chitarra battente is Marcello Vitale. Tucci, Roberta and Antonello Ricci. (1985). "The Chitarra Battente in Calabria". The Galpin Society Journal (vol. 38, Apr. 1985): 78-105. Chitarra battente The chitarra battente (in Italian "strumming guitar", however "battente" literally means "beating" related to the fact that

neg: Chitrali sitar It can be played to accompany singing, sometimes along with drums, or beating on the "jeer can" (empty petrol jerry can). Chitrali sitar The chitrali sitar ()is a long-necked lute played in northern area, Chitral of Pakistan. It is not related to the Indian sitar and its name is probably a corruption of setar a Central Asian and Iranian long-necked lute. The instrument has five strings in three courses, the middle course being of one string. Melody is played on the top two strings which are fretted together. The tuning of the instrument is unusual, as the single middle string

neg: Hafez Nazeri four distinct chapters that represent the cycles of our existence, and our journey through the seven stages of enlightenment. Featured throughout Untold is the Hafez, an instrument designed by Nazeri himself, which is a contemporary variation on the traditional Setar (Iranian long-necked lute). By adding two lower-pitched strings, Nazeri enriched the sound of the instrument (traditionally played in a monophonic fashion), allowing it to play both harmonic and melodic roles within its extended range. After the release of Hafez Nazeri's first album and the publication of his claims regarding his musical activities and education in the U.S., Sadjad Pourghanad was

neg: Bengal monitor a fort using a monitor lizard and a rope. Folk traditions have various stories of monitor lizards being used by soldiers to climb walls of forts. The Bengal monitor's belly skin has traditionally been used in making the drum head for the "kanjira" (known as "Dimadi" in Maharashtra), a South Indian percussion instrument. Bengal monitor The Bengal monitor ("Varanus bengalensis") or common Indian monitor, is a monitor lizard found widely distributed over the Indian Subcontinent, as well as parts of Southeast Asia and West Asia. This large lizard is mainly terrestrial, and its length can range from about 61 to

neg: Sarangi (Nepali) Sarangi (Nepali) The sarangi () is a folk Nepalese bowed string instrument. Traditionally in Nepal, the Sarangi was only played by people of Gandarva or Gaine caste, who sing narrative tales and folk song. However, in present days, it is widely used and played by many. It is also used widely in Nepali music. The sarangi has largely usurped the role of the previous Gaine instrument, the plucked lute "arbajo". Traditional Nepali Sarangi is made up of a single piece of wood. Having a neck and hollowed-out double-chambered body, they are often made from a very light wood called "khirro".

neg: Midwinter horn in half lengthwise, hollowed out until the walls are about 1 cm (half an inch) thick, and then rejoined. The halves are either glued together, clamped at intervals with metal rings or automotive clamps, or, traditionally, bound with willow or bramble withies or split rushes, and traditionally the horn is dipped in water to seal cracks and then played wet; water is usually also poured down the instrument immediately before playing. A mouthpiece, usually made of elder wood, is added; this is cut at a slant, like that of the Celtic carnyx, and the horn is played laterally. In the

neg: Kudüm In 1957, the first radio performance was performed by Kudümzen Hurşit Ungay. Cafer Açın was an instrument maker who made important changes in the making of the instrument in the latter half of the 20th century. Sadettin Heper is also an important composer whose music involved the instrument. Kudüm Kudüm is one of the most fundamental rhythm instruments in classical Turkish music. The person playing it is called kudümzen. It is among ney, rebap, and halile as one of the four main instruments in Mevlevi music. It consists of a pair of small, hemispherical drums. Traditionally kudüm was played in

neg: Cimboa Cimboa The cimboa (, also in São Vicente Creole, Capeverdean Creole of ALUPEK: "simboa" or "simbua"), also known as the cimbó , is a musical instrument from Cape Verde. It is a bowed chordophone that was traditionally used to be played with the batuque dances. The "cimboa" is composed of the instrument proper and its bow. The instrument belongs to the lute family, and so it possesses a neck attached to a sound box. The sound box is made of a calebash, or when it is hard to find, with a coconut shell, with a soundboard of stretched kid skin,

neg: Dhrupad celebratory. Dhrupad as we know it today is performed by a solo singer or a small number of singers in unison to the beat of the "pakhavaj" or "mridang" rather than the tabla. The vocalist is usually accompanied by two tanpuras, the players sitting close behind, with the percussionist at the right of the vocalist. Traditionally the primary instrument used for dhrupad has been the Rudra Veena, but the surbahar and the sursringar have also long been used for this music. Preferably, any instrument used for dhrupad should have a deep bass register and long sustain. Like all Indian classical

neg: Capoeira be played within the "roda". Typically the music is formed by instruments and singing. Rhythms (toques), controlled by a typical instrument called berimbau, differ from very slow to very fast, depending on the style of the "roda". Capoeira instruments are disposed in a row called bateria. It is traditionally formed by three berimbaus, two pandeiros, three atabaques, one agogô and one ganzá, but this format may vary depending on the capoeira group's traditions or the "roda" style. The berimbau is the leading instrument, determining the tempo and style of the music and game played. Two low pitch berimbaus (called "berra-boi"

neg: Kaval umbelifer) or wood, with 3 or sometimes 6 finger-holes. Nowadays, it is also made of plastic. The Romanian "caval dobrogean" ("Dobrujan caval") or "caval bulgăresc" is a similar instrument to the Bulgarian kaval. The instrument known simply as "caval", however, is instead a large duct flute. It has five finger-holes arranged in groups of two and three, counting from the distal end. The Moldovan "kaval" is a Hungarian-Romanian played in Csángó music; however, it is a fipple flute rather than endblown like the kaval. Kaval The kaval is a chromatic end-blown flute traditionally played throughout Armenia, the Balkans and Turkey.

neg: Cornemuse du Centre used embellishments do not work as well or not at all if the music is transposed to another key. As most semitones can be played, music in different modes of a key can be and are traditionally played (e.g. on a cornemuse du centre 20p: D-major, D-minor, D-mixolydian etc.), which would not be possible on a purely diatonic instrument. The fingering of the chanter is usually semi-closed for high pitched instruments, which means that the fingers of the lower hand (which is usually the right hand) are placed on their holes when removing the fingers of the upper hand. Chanters

neg: Anant Lal had been a musical instrument played in his family for over 200 years. He initially received tuition on the instrument from his father, Pandit Mithai Lal, as well as his uncles from the age of nine. Later, Lal became a student of thumri vocal teacher Pandit Mahadev Prasad Mishra of Varanasi. In addition to the shehnai, Lal played bamboo flute, known as the bansuri. Following the example of master musician Bismillah Khan, he dedicated his musical career to furthering the role of the shehnai in Hindustani classical music, since the instrument had traditionally been reserved for religious ceremonies. Lal established

neg: Guqin Guqin The guqin (; ) is a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family. It has been played since ancient times, and has traditionally been favoured by scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement, as highlighted by the quote "a gentleman does not part with his "qin" or "se" without good reason," as well as being associated with the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius. It is sometimes referred to by the Chinese as "the father of Chinese music" or "the instrument of the sages". The "guqin" is not to be confused with the "guzheng", another

neg: Tanpura string is advised instead. Tanpuras are designed in two different styles: Tanpura The tanpura (तानपूरा; or tambura, tanpuri) is a long-necked plucked string instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found in various forms in Indian music. It does not play melody but rather supports and sustains the melody of another instrument or singer by providing a continuous harmonic bourdon or drone. A tanpura is not played in rhythm with the soloist or percussionist: as the precise timing of plucking a cycle of four strings in a continuous loop is a determinant factor in the resultant sound, it is played unchangingly

neg: Gayageum 21 string gayageum is normally found in North Korea. The gayageum is traditionally played when sitting on the floor with crossed legs, the head of the instrument resting on the right knee and the tail resting on the floor. When played whilst seated on a chair or stool, the tail end is usually placed on a special fold-out stand, similar to a camp-stool, or another chair/stool. For modern gayageum, they may be placed on a special stand with the player seated on a chair behind the instrument. The North Koreans usually play whilst seated on a chair but they do

neg: Music of Nigeria Rattles are typically played in ritual or religious context, predominantly by women. Drums of many kinds are the most common type of percussion instrument in Nigeria. They are traditionally made from a single piece of wood or spherical calabashes, but have more recently been made from oil drums. The hourglass drum is the most common shape, although there are also double-headed barrel drums, single-headed drums and conical drums. Frame drums are also found in Nigeria, but may be an importation from Brazil. An unusual percussion instrument is the udu, a kind of vessel drum. This instrument is very essential in

neg: Tanpura Tanpura The tanpura (तानपूरा; or tambura, tanpuri) is a long-necked plucked string instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, found in various forms in Indian music. It does not play melody but rather supports and sustains the melody of another instrument or singer by providing a continuous harmonic bourdon or drone. A tanpura is not played in rhythm with the soloist or percussionist: as the precise timing of plucking a cycle of four strings in a continuous loop is a determinant factor in the resultant sound, it is played unchangingly during the complete performance. The repeated cycle of plucking all strings

neg: Tamboori body shape of the tamboori somewhat resembles that of the sitar, but it has no frets. One or more tambooris may be used to accompany vocalists or instrumentalists. It has six metal strings, which are bowed to create a harmonic resonance on the basic notes of a key. Tamboori The tamboori (also called a tambra) is a long-necked bowed string instrument found in Indian music. The tamboori is very similar to the tanpura, despite being smaller and played with a bow. A tamboori is played as a melodic instrument, unlike the tanpura. Each string has a fundamental tone with its

neg: Aguinaldo the birth of Christ, and to share in the joy of the message of Peace on Earth and to all People of Good Will. Aguinaldos are played with typical instruments such as the cuatro (a small, four-string guitar), furruco, and maracas. Other instruments often used are violin, guitar, tambourine, mandolin, bandol, caja (a percussive box instrument), and marímbula (an Afro-Venezuelan instrument). In exchange for the entertainment, "parranderos" are traditionally given food and drink: hallacas, panettone, rum and "Ponche Crema" (a form of alcoholic eggnog). Aguinaldos are also played at Christmas church celebrations. In Puerto Rico, the "aguinaldo" is a musical

neg: African harp who work within a very structured paradigm to ensure that no two abalanga performances are the same. The kundi is the five-string harp of the Azande and related people of Central Africa. It is an instrument traditionally played by young men and boys. A similar type of harp played by the Nzakara people. The instruments are well known for their ornately carved heads. The instrument has generally fallen from popularity, though in 1993 some older players were recorded on the album "Music from the Bandia Courts". African harp African Harps, particularly arched or "bow" harps, are found in several Sub-Saharan

neg: Davul played with other instruments and in ensembles as well. It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter, or janissary music. In Iraq and the Levant, it is predominantly used in Assyrian folk dance and Assyrian folk/pop music, among Assyrian people, which are mostly accompanied by a zurna, a wind instrument. In Armenia the dhol does not have as large of a circumference and is usually played with the hands, although a wooden, spoon-shaped drumstick is also used. It is frequently heard in Armenian folk music. Not only is it in folk music but also in modern

neg: Tar shehnai Tar shehnai The tar shehnai, also spelled tarshenai or sometimes tar shehanai, is an esraj (an Indian bowed instrument) whose sound is amplified by a metal horn attached to its sound board. The term is also used to refer to the horn itself. The horn of a phonograph has sometimes been used. The instrument sounds similar to a violin or to a shehnai (an Indian reed instrument like an oboe or shawm). It is sometimes used instead of a shehnai when no shehnai player is available. The word "tar" means "stringed". A tar shehnai played by Daksinaranjan Tagore is used

neg: Leona (instrument) Bolivia. Leona (instrument) The leona is a guitar-shaped fretted stringed instrument, from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. It has four strings and is a low pitched instrument in the son jarocho string family of instruments. The león or vozarrona, bigger than the former, is the lowest instrument in son jarocho genre. The body of a leona is traditionally carved from a single piece of wood (traditionally Spanish cedar) and it is then hollowed out, with a separate soundboard and fingerboard applied. Other Mexican and South American folk guitars derivative of Spanish instruments are also made this way, notably the charango

neg: Leona (instrument) Leona (instrument) The leona is a guitar-shaped fretted stringed instrument, from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. It has four strings and is a low pitched instrument in the son jarocho string family of instruments. The león or vozarrona, bigger than the former, is the lowest instrument in son jarocho genre. The body of a leona is traditionally carved from a single piece of wood (traditionally Spanish cedar) and it is then hollowed out, with a separate soundboard and fingerboard applied. Other Mexican and South American folk guitars derivative of Spanish instruments are also made this way, notably the charango of

neg: Midwinter horn early twentieth century, wooden midwinter horns were replaced by sheet metal horns, made in sections to achieve the desired curve, but still with a wooden mouthpiece; the folklore revival displaced these modern instruments. Unlike the similar but larger alphorn, the midwinter horn is held in the hands when played, rather than rested on the ground. It is traditionally held over water, supposedly for amplification although the shape of the curve and the angle at which the instrument is held make this ineffective. Approximately eight notes can be produced, but since they vary between instruments, midwinter horns are not played together.

neg: Ancient veena instrument on his gold coins testifies of the popularity of the instrument, and also of the interest in music and the arts of a king who was also one of the greatest military conquerors in Indian history. From India this type of instrument was introduced at an early period into Burma where, while instruments of this type have disappeared from India itself, it is still played, generally with 15 strings, under the name of "saung" (known in the West also as the "Burmese harp"). Ancient veena The ancient veena is an early Indian arched harp, not to be confused with

neg: Shruti box Shruti box A shruti box (sruti box or surpeti) is an instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, that traditionally works on a system of bellows. It is similar to a harmonium and is used to provide a drone in a practice session or concert of Indian classical music. It is used as an accompaniment to other instruments and notably the flute. The shruti box is also used in classical singing. In classical singing, the shruti box is used to help tune the voice. The use of the shruti box has widened with the cross-cultural influences of world music and new-age

neg: Shahi baaja Vibracathedral Orchestra has been playing this instrument in a free-improv duo with Chris Corsano since 2006. Shahi baaja The shahi baaja ("royal instrument") is an electrified and slightly modified version of the Indian bulbul tarang, a type of Indian zither to which have been added typewriter keys which depress several of the strings to change their pitch. The modifications also include the addition of 12 additional unfretted strings which serve as an attached swarmandal (drone harp). The instrument is currently used in everything from semi-classical and popular Indian music to ambient techno, and psychedelic rock. The instrument is about 37

neg: Zia Mohiuddin Dagar The veena was traditionally not played in public, but the young Zia Mohiuddin adopted it as his primary instrument, giving his first recital at age 16. Although he was discouraged by his father from experimenting with the structure of the veena, he nevertheless modified the instrument after his father's death to better equip it for solo performance, transforming it into a larger bass instrument (sometimes called a 'Dagar veena'): With the help of the instrument house Kanailal & Brother, he enlarged the tumbas (gourds) and dhandhi (hollow neck) to create greater resonance and to allow the notes to sustain longer

neg: Turk Jamat and parallel cousin marriage. The community had traditionally served as soldiers in the armies of the various princely states in the Kathiawar Agency. They were and still are a community of small to medium sized farmers. A good many are also traders. Like other Gujarati Muslims, they have a caste association known as the Jamat, which acts both as a welfare organization and an instrument of social control. Turk Jamat The Turk Jamat are a Muslim community found in the state of Gujarat in India. Many members of Turk Jamat Muslim community migrated to Pakistan after the independence in 1947

neg: Kalbelia participants take care of the musical part of the dance. They use the different instruments such as the pungi, a woodwind instrument traditionally played to capture snakes, the dufli, been, the khanjari - a percussion instrument, morchang, "khuralio" and the dholak to create the rhythm on which the dancers perform. The dancers are tattooed in traditional designs and wear jewelry and garments richly embroidered with small mirrors and silver thread. As the performance progresses, the rhythm becomes faster and faster and so does the dance. Kalbelia songs are based on stories taken from folklore and mythology and special dances are

neg: Marriage (card game) on that round to each of the other player. Master card: This is a new variation of marriage in which an extra card called master-card is added to the deck of three cards and jokers. This is a wild card that with a value of five points. The rules can vary from making it be usable to form a primary sets or not. Marriage (card game) “Marriage” is a matching card game played with three decks of cards (156 Cards) played in Nepal, Bhutan and Nepali diaspora throughout the world. It is originally thought to have evolved from Indian Rummy

neg: Bengal music in Bengal is often accompanied by the ektara, a one-stringed instrument. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. The region also has a rich heritage in North Indian classical music. Bengali cuisine is the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the Indian subcontinent. Rice and fish are traditional favourite foods, leading to a saying that "fish and rice make a Bengali". Bengal's vast repertoire of fish-based dishes includes Hilsa preparations, a favourite among Bengalis. Bengalis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, including "Rôshogolla", "Chômchôm", and several kinds of "Pithe". The old city of Dhaka is noted for

neg: Ghatam different parts of the hands. Sometimes the ghatam is turned around so that the mouth faces the audience and the performer plays on the neck of the instrument. The ghatam can be moved to other positions while being played. Occasionally, the performer will, to the amusement of the audience, toss the instrument up in the air and catch it. The ghatam is ideal for playing rhythmic patterns in very fast tempo. The word "ghaṭa" in Sanskrit means "pot". Variations of this term are used in modern Indian languages. The "madga" is a north Indian version of the south Indian "ghaṭam"

neg: Kurta cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954. Ladies' kurtas/blouses, along with leggings, are most popular in the Indian subcontinent, and the community from the Indian subcontinent in Singapore and Malaysia. In modern usage, a short kurta for women is referred to as the kurti. However, traditionally, the kurti refers to waistcoats, jackets and blouses which sit above the waist without side slits, and are believed to have descended from the tunic of the Shunga period (2nd century B.C.). Kurtis are typically much shorter than the traditional garments and made with lighter materials, like those used in

neg: Binioù kozh Scotland or elsewhere. The "binioù kozh" has a one octave scale, and is very high-pitched with a soprano sound; it is tuned to play one octave higher than the bombard which it accompanies. More traditional forms have a single drone, while modern instruments sometimes have two. In the old days the leather used for the bag was usually from a dog's skin, but this is nowadays replaced by synthetic materials or other leathers which are easier to procure, like cow or sheep. Traditionally it is played in duet with the "bombard", a double reed instrument which sounds an octave below

neg: Pena (musical instrument) Pena (musical instrument) ꯄꯦꯅꯥ(Pena) , also known as "Tingtelia" in Tangkhul Language is a mono string instrument falling in the lute category, similar to some of the traditional Indian stringed musical instruments such as Ravanahatha, "Ubo" or the "Kenda", found in various parts of the country. It is the traditional music instrument of the Meetei community of Manipur, India and some parts of Bangladesh and is played either solo or in group, in folk music or as the accompanying musical instrument for Lai Haraoba festivals. Pena playing is becoming a dying art as only 145 active Pena players are reported

neg: Hammered dulcimer with small hammers, originated from the psaltery, in which the strings are plucked. Hammered dulcimers, and other similar instruments, are traditionally played in Iraq, India, Iran, Southwest Asia, China, Korea, and parts of Southeast Asia, Central Europe (Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic, Switzerland (particularly Appenzell), Austria and Bavaria), the Balkans, Eastern Europe (Ukraine and Belarus) and Scandinavia. The instrument is also played in the United Kingdom (Wales, East Anglia, Northumbria) and the U.S., where its traditional use in folk music saw a notable revival in the late 20th century. A dulcimer usually has two bridges, a bass bridge

neg: Indian Public Diplomacy quality of listening as one of the most important attributes of an ideal king. Listening to the people on a day-to-day basis is a very important part of Public Diplomacy in the 21st century. The focus of Indian Public Diplomacy has been on communicating India's raison d'être of its foreign policy decisions as well as traditionally branding India globally by producing documentaries, films, coffee-table books etcetera. Social media is an important instrument in the process of listening and thus two way communication. On 8 July 2010 Public Diplomacy Division of the External Affairs set up the official Twitter account of