query: what is the age of consent in victoria

pos: Ages of consent in Oceania offender (guardian, teacher etc.). It is an offence in Queensland to have carnal knowledge of a person under the age of 16. "Carnal knowledge" includes all types of sexual activity. Legislation in September 2016 lowered and equalised the age of consent for anal sex to 16. It is an offence in South Australia to engage in any activity which involves fellatio, cunnilingus or placing any part of the body within the labia majora, vagina or anus of a person under the age of 17 unless they are lawful spouses. The Australian "Marriage Act" can permit someone who is 18 or

pos: Ages of consent in Africa a clear definition of morality does not exist in the country's laws, so it is very open to interpretation by local officials as to what is moral and what is not. Thus, many acts surrounding the age of consent could be considered illegal. The age of consent in Mauritius is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. "Article 249" 'Rape, attempt upon chastity and illegal sexual intercourse' of the Penal Code: (...) Any person who has sexual intercourse with a female "'under the age of sixteen (16)", "even with consent", shall be liable to penal servitude not exceeding ten (10)

pos: Victoria Gillick former UKIP councillor Gordon Gillick. One of their sons is the painter James Gillick. Victoria Gillick Victoria D. M. Gillick ("née" Gudgeon; born 1946, Hendon) is a British activist and campaigner best known for the eponymous 1985 UK House of Lords ruling that considered whether contraception could be prescribed to under-16s without parental consent or knowledge. The ruling established the term "Gillick competence" to describe whether a minor (below the age of 16) is able to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission or knowledge. A Roman Catholic mother of 10 children (five

pos: Victoria Gillick Victoria Gillick Victoria D. M. Gillick ("née" Gudgeon; born 1946, Hendon) is a British activist and campaigner best known for the eponymous 1985 UK House of Lords ruling that considered whether contraception could be prescribed to under-16s without parental consent or knowledge. The ruling established the term "Gillick competence" to describe whether a minor (below the age of 16) is able to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission or knowledge. A Roman Catholic mother of 10 children (five sons, five daughters), Gillick began her campaign in 1980 in response to a DHSS

pos: Age of consent reform Netherlands operated what was in effect an age of consent of 12, subject to qualifications. The relevant law, passed in November, 1990, permitted sexual intercourse for young people between 12 and 16, but allowed a challenge by parents based on erosion of parental authority or child exploitation, which would be heard by a Council for the Protection of Children. In 1979, the Dutch Pacifist Socialist Party supported an unsuccessful petition to lower the age of consent to 12. The age of consent in Peru was increased from 14 to 18 in 2006 as elections approached, but in 2007, Peru's new

pos: Ages of consent in Europe considered outside "social-ethical norms". In the 1990s, the Netherlands gained international attention due to its policies regarding the age of consent. Between 1990 and 2002 the Netherlands operated what was in effect an age of consent of 12, subject to qualifications. The relevant law, passed in November, 1990, permitted sexual intercourse for young people between 12 and 16 in most circumstances, but allowed a challenge by parents or by the Child Protection Agency if there was evidence of exploitation. Although the age of consent was often reported internationally to be 12, this was partly misleading, because sexual acts up to

pos: Paintball of youths between 16 and 18 years old. Originally, the initiative had proposed the total prohibition for players under 21 years old. The penalties are also established by law, as 30 days of communitarian work or other modalities. Paintballing in Australia is controlled by the police in each state, with differing minimum age requirements. Players under 18 are required to have a guardian sign a consent form. The minimum ages are 12 for South Australia and Western Australia, 15 for Queensland, 16 for New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. Previously the minimum age for Victoria was 18, but

pos: Ages of consent in Africa under French sovereignty The age of consent in Îles Eparses for both males and females is 15, as it is under French sovereignty The age of consent in Gabon is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 18. The age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 15. The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in Kenya is 18 years, as children are defined under 18 and are not able to give consent. Marriage is not possible below the age of 18, the law

pos: Ages of consent in North America Ages of consent in North America In North America, the legal age of consent relating to sexual activity varies by jurisdiction. The age of consent in Canada is 16. As of August 2018, each U.S. state has set its age of consent at either age 16, age 17, or age 18. The age of consent in Mexico is complex. Typically, Mexican states have a "primary" age of consent (which may be as low as 12), and sexual conduct with persons below that age is always illegal. Sexual relations which occur between adults and teenagers under 18 are left in a

pos: Ages of consent in the United States consent in Hawaii is 16. There is however a close-in-age exemption, which allows those aged 14 and 15 to consent to sex with those less than five years older. Previously the age of consent was 14, the lowest in the United States. Avery Chumbley, a member of the Hawaiian Senate, had made efforts to raise the age of consent. The age of consent was changed to 16 by Act 1, House Bill 236, passed by the Legislature of Hawaii in 2001. The age of consent in Idaho is 18. The age of consent in Illinois is 17, and rises to

pos: Ages of consent in Africa sovereignty, as of 1 July 2015. The age of consent in Chad is 14 for girls, even if she is married, but the ban is rarely enforced. The age of consent for boys is not known. The age of consent in the Comoros is 13. The age of consent in Côte d'Ivoire is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in Ceuta for both males and females is 16, as it is under Spanish sovereignty, as of 1 July 2015. The age of consent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is 14 for females and

pos: Ages of consent in North America age of consent, as does the District of Columbia. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States was either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 18. There is however a close-in-age exemption that allows minors 16 and 17 years old to consent with someone no more than five years older than themselves and minors 13 to 15 years old to consent with one another, but not with anyone 16 or over. Article

pos: Ages of consent in Africa years. The age of consent in Madeira for both males and females is 14, as it is under Portuguese sovereignty The age of consent in Mayotte for both males and females is 15, as it is under French sovereignty The age of consent in Melilla for both males and females is 16, as it is under Spanish sovereignty, as of 1 July 2015. The age of consent is 18, per Art. 484 of the Penal Code. The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 16 for girls. 'Sexual offences with girls

pos: Ages of consent in Africa against the law if not married. The age of consent is 16. A girl under the age of fourteen (14) cannot consent to sexual intercourse under criminal law. However, under Statutory Law, according to the Girls and Women Protection Act, a girl under the age of sixteen (16) can not in any way consent to sexual intercourse. The age of consent is 18 in Tanzania, but as of 2010/2011 the law is not enforced. The age of consent in Togo is 16. The age of consent in Tunisia is 18 (since 2010). However, there appears to be a marital exception

pos: Ages of consent in Africa (in French), the age of consent in Burundi for heterosexuals (both men and women) is 18 years. However, under "Article 567", homosexual acts (both men and women) carry a fine of up to 100,000 Burundian francs and up to 3 years' imprisonment. The age of consent in Cameroon is 16. The age of consent in Cape Verde is 14 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The minimum age of sexual consent is 18 years of age regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in Ceuta for both males and females is 16, as it is under Spanish

pos: Ages of consent in Africa there is no defined age of consent, although sex is not allowed outside of marriage. However, the law is practically never enforced due to the Libyan Civil War. Age of consent is 14 years, according to article 331 in the Criminal Law. In certain cases, including relatives and homosexuals, it is 21 years. The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 16. However, under section 306 of the Legal Code, any act that violates Islamic morality is illegal, but

pos: Ages of consent in Oceania against this section. (3) It is no defence to a charge under this section that the boy consented. The states’ statutory rape laws apply to children age 13 and below in Yap and Kosrae and age 15 and below in Pohnpei. The age of consent in Chuuk state is 18. Under the "Crimes Act 2010" effective since 1 February 2010, the age of consent in Fiji is 16, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The laws of France where applicable apply. (These specify a general age of consent of 15.) See Ages of consent in Europe#France. The age of consent

pos: Ages of consent in Africa is clear about this. Male homosexuality in Kenya is illegal; female homosexuality is illegal. The age of consent is 14 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender The age of consent in Liberia is 18. Statutory rape is a first-degree rape offense which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. The age of consent was raised to 18, from 16, in 2009. During the Gaddafi government, the regular age of consent was 18, but sixteen-year-old girls could be married as long the parents consented. Pre-marital sex was illegal. After the 2011 revolution, the age of consent limit was removed. Presently,

pos: Ages of consent in Europe of Gibraltar. Since 2012, the age of consent in the Bailiwick of Guernsey (a Crown Dependency including Alderney, Herm and Sark) is 16, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation. In 1983, male homosexual acts were decriminalised with the age of consent set at 21 (in line with the UK at that time). In 1999, the age of consent for male homosexual acts was lowered to 18. Then in 2012, the age of consent for male homosexual acts was equalised at 16, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation. The age of consent in the Isle of Man, a Crown Dependency, is

pos: Ages of consent in North America sexual passion or desire of the accused ... shall be punished ... when the victim has not attained the age of sixteen (16) years at the time of the act. The age of consent in Saint Kitts and Nevis is 16. The age of consent in Saint Lucia is 16. The age of consent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is 15. The penalty for statutory rape of a girl over 13 but under 15 is five years' imprisonment; under 13 it is life imprisonment. The age of consent in Sint Maarten is 15, as specified by the Criminal Code

pos: Ages of consent in Africa charge she was, deceived the person so charged into believing that she was over the age of sixteen (16) years at the said time.' In Niger, the age of consent is 13 years. The age of consent is 18 years. [Section 31 of the Child's Rights Act 2003. Also Sections 21 and 22 of the same Act prohibit Child marriage or betrothal.] However, homosexuality is illegal. The age of consent in Plazas de soberania for both males and females is 16, as it is under Spanish sovereignty, as of 1 July 2015. The age of consent in the Republic of

pos: Ages of consent in the United States Ages of consent in the United States In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level. There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, District of Columbia, and territories. Depending on the jurisdiction, the legal age of consent ranges from age 16 to age 18. In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other. While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in

pos: Ages of consent in the United States close-in-age exemption for those within four years of age. However, sexual relations between people 18 or older and people under 18 are illegal if they are in a "significant relationship". According to the Code of the District of Columbia, a relationship is considered "significant" if one of the partners is: Each U.S. state has its own general age of consent. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States is either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16, which

pos: Ages of consent in the United States having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old girl. In June 2005, a bill was proposed before the General Assembly of Georgia (USA) to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. Georgia was notoriously resistant to raising its age of consent in the Progressive Era. In 1894, the Georgia Supreme Court reversed the conviction of a man convicted of raping a 10-year-old girl because the age of consent in Georgia was 10 at the time. Nonetheless, the Court recommended raising the Georgia age of consent, saying "the age of consent in many States is higher than in this State,

pos: Ages of consent in Europe Jersey, a Crown Dependency, is 16, last amended in 2007. Prior to 1990, sodomy was illegal in Jersey for both men and women until 1990 although the age of consent for homosexual acts other than sodomy was the same as for heterosexual acts. In 1990, the age of consent for sodomy between consenting males was set at 21 (the UK at that time maintained the age of consent of 21 for all homosexual acts between males). In 1995, the sodomy age of consent became 18 (under the Sexual Offences (Jersey) Law 1995). In 2007, the age of consent was lowered

pos: Ages of consent in Africa the Congo is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. Sex with a minor is punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a fine of 10,000,000 CFA. The age of consent in Rwanda is 18 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in São Tomé and Príncipe is 14 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in Senegal is 16 ("Article 320" deals with children under 16; "Article 319" deals with children under 13). Homosexual sex is illegal. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.

pos: Age of consent reform General Assembly of Georgia (USA) to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. The bill failed, however. Georgia was the most notoriously resistant state to raising its age of consent in the early 1900s. Georgia's age of consent was 10 until 1918, and even then the age of consent was only raised to 14. Even after raising the age of consent in 1918, Georgia was still the only state in the United States to have an age of consent lower than 16. Georgia's age of consent remained at 14 until 1995, when a bill proposed by senator Steve

pos: Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom early age", considering that sex is "natural behaviour". She favoured lowering the age of consent to 12 in the UK while labeling the criminalisation of sexual activity under the age of 16 as "laughably unrealistic". Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom Since the 1970s, a number of movements have taken place in the United Kingdom in favour of reforming or abolishing the age of consent, in support of children's rights, gay liberationism or, more recently, "as a means to avoid unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections via education and health promotion". In 1275, the first age of consent

pos: Ages of consent in the United States and should be made higher here; and a committee of ladies" is petitioning to do that. As it turned out, Georgia's age of consent would remain at 10 until 1918, and even then it was only raised to 14. Even after the 1918 law changes, Georgia still had the lowest age of consent in the country, because all 47 other states had already raised their ages of consent to 16 or 18. The Georgia age of consent remained at 14 until 1995, when a bill proposed by Steve Langford to make 16 the age of consent passed. The age of

pos: Ages of consent in Africa more severe for the older participant. The age of consent in Angola is 12 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. However, while rarely prosecuted, sexual relations with a child between the ages of 12 and 17 are considered sexual abuse which is punishable with up to 8 years in prison. The age of consent in Benin is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent is 16, but homosexuality is punishable by 7 years' imprisonment. The age of consent is equally set at 13 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. Under the new "Penal Code of 2009"

pos: Ages of consent in South America through seduction, blackmail, harassment, deceit, threat or similar means. The age of sexual consent in the Falkland Islands is 16, regardless of sexual orientation or gender since 2006. The age of sexual consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation or gender since 2006. The age of consent in Guyana is 16. The age of consent was raised from 13 to 16 on October 31, 2005, by a unanimous resolution of the Guyanese parliament. Whilst male homosexual 'indecency' and all attempted anal sex carries a 10-year sentence, anal sex itself is punishable with life imprisonment. Female homosexual activity is not mentioned

pos: Ages of consent in Asia detention..." "Any person who has sexual intercourse with a female relative to the third generation under the age of 15 with her consent and the offence leads to her death, to pregnancy or loss of virginity [is punishable by death]." However, the age of consent might change in the future to age nine for females and 15 for males. However, some reporters believe that the draft suggests that there will not be an age of consent. According to the Israeli Penal Code of 1977 the age of consent in Israel is 16 regardless of gender or sexual orientation, for any

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union of 15. You must be over 18 years of age to get a tattoo freely without parental consent. You need to have parental or guardian consent at the ages of 16 and 17. The legal age is 18. The age is 18 or 15 with consent of parents. The minimum age is 18. In the Netherlands, the age at which persons may decide for themselves to have a tattoo and piercing is 16 years. This age limit is suspended for earlobe piercing but pertains to all other areas. Informed consent forms, with information concerning health (including allergies) must be available

pos: Ages of consent in Europe limits. Most of the changes were implemented in 2017, although the age of consent remained 17. The age of consent in Italy is 14 years, with a close-in-age exception that allows those aged 13 to engage in sexual activity with partners who are under the age of 18, provided that the age gap between them is less than 3 years. The age of consent rises to 16 if one of the participants has some kind of influence on the other (e.g. teacher, tutor, adoptive parent, etc.). Not knowing that the victim is underage is not a legal defense, except when

pos: Ages of consent in Europe has some formal power over the young person, like a school teacher. Until 1971, homosexual acts were prohibited. After decriminalisation, the age of consent was set to 18 for homosexual acts and 16 for heterosexual acts. In 1999, the age of consent was harmonized at 16 for all sexual acts. According to the Åland Treaty, Finnish federal law is applied as the minimum standard. The age of consent is therefore 16. The age of consent in France is 15, as specified by Article 227-25 of the Penal Code, which reads: ""The fact of the commission without violence, constraint, threat or

pos: Ages of consent in Africa in the law that allows a minor over 15 to consent to sex with an adult if the minor is married to the adult. The age of consent in Uganda is 18 years, for vaginal intercourse. "Heterosexual sodomy" (anal and/or oral sex with an opposite-sex partner) and all same-sex sexual conduct was illegal until January 2014 when President Museveni blocked the anti-gay law. The age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 16. All male same-sex hand-holding and/or male same-sex sexual conduct can lead to one year's imprisonment. Same-sex hand-holding is illegal. Ages of consent in Africa The

pos: Ages of consent in Africa Parliament reformed and codified the law on sexual offences and made it gender-neutral. The common-law presumption relating to girls under 12 was replaced by a general presumption that children under 12 cannot consent. The act also fixed the age of consent at 16 for all sexual acts. In the 2008 case of "Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions", the Constitutional Court held that the former difference in the ages of consent had been unconstitutional. The age of consent in South Sudan is 18. Age of sexual consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender Intercourse in Sudan is

pos: Jailbait the legal age of consent varies by country and jurisdiction, the age at which a person can be considered "jailbait" varies. For example, in the United Kingdom, where the age of consent is 16, the term is used to refer to those younger than 16, whereas in some parts of the United States, where the age of consent is 18, the term would refer to those aged under 18. The frequent use of the term "jailbait" in popular culture has been linked to a greater understanding of age of consent laws among teenagers. Jailbait Jailbait or jail bait is slang

pos: Ages of consent in Asia marriage below the minimum age, but it requires the consent of the legal guardian as well as the consent of the two persons to be married. Any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Saudi Arabia. As of 2013, age of consent for marriage was expected to be set to 18, but this was opposed by the grand mufti. In 2013, no restrictions regarding age existed. The age of consent in Singapore is 16 for all opposite-sex activity and male and female same-sex sexual activity: "Section 140: (1) Any person who – (...) (i) has carnal connection with

pos: Ages of consent in North America of sexual orientation and/or gender. The Tackling Violent Crime Act took effect on 1 May 2008, raising the age of consent from 14 to 16. There exist two close-in-age exemptions, depending on the age of the younger partner. A youth of twelve or thirteen can consent to sexual activity with an individual less than two years older than they. A fourteen- or fifteen-year-old can consent to sexual activity with a partner who is less than five years older than they. Criminal law (including the definition of the age of consent) is in the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government, so

pos: Ages of consent in North America years' imprisonment if the victim is 14 to 16 years of age. In Guatemala, the age of consent is 18, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The "Law against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons" was passed in February 2009, and provides sentences ranging from 13 to 24 years in prison, depending on the young persons age, for sex with a minor. The age of consent in Haiti is 18. Honduras, the age of consent is considered to be 14. Article 142. The stupor of a person older than fourteen (14) and under eighteen (18) years taking advantage of

pos: Ages of consent in the United States (CA Penal Code § 261.5 (e)) There are separate crimes for committing sodomy with minors. (CA Penal code § 286) There are separate crimes for committing any lewd or lascivious act with a person under the age of 14. (CA Penal Code § 288) The age of consent, at the time applying only when the girl is the younger party, was 10 when California introduced its penal code in 1850. In 1889 the age of consent was raised to 14. In 1897 the age of consent became 16. The age of consent in California has been 18 since 1913. Some

pos: Ages of consent in Oceania 21 reads: "(1) A person who indecently assaults another commits an offence. (2) Where the victim is a mental defective or under the age of 16 years it is no defence to a charge under this rule that the person consented to the offence, or that the person charged believed that the person assaulted was sane or not under the age of 16 years as the case may be." The age of consent in Niue is 16. The Okinotori Islands are administratively under the government of Tokyo. See Age of Consent in Japan. The age of consent in Palau is

pos: Adolescent sexuality in the United States say. Each state has its own age of consent. Currently, state laws designate the age of consent as 16, 17, or 18, with more than half of the states designating 16 as the age limit. However, the five most populous states all have a higher age of consent (California: 18, Texas: 17, Florida: 18, New York: 17 and Illinois: 17). In some common law jurisdictions, statutory rape is sexual activity in which one person is below the age required to legally consent to the behavior. Although it usually refers to adults engaging in sex with minors under the age of

pos: Age of consent reform of consent was 10 years. In 1880, 37 states had an age of consent of 10 years while 10 states kept an age of consent at 12, and Delaware maintained its age of consent at seven years, having lowered it from 10 in 1871. In the late-19th century, a "social purity movement" composed of Christian feminist reform groups began advocating a raise in the age of consent to 16, with the goal of raising it ultimately to 18, and by 1920 almost all states had raised their age of consent to 16 or 18. By the mid-1970s, there was widespread

pos: Sexual intercourse rapists male, and only about 5% of rapists are strangers to the victims. Most countries have age of consent laws which set the minimum legal age with whom an older person may engage in sexual intercourse, usually set at 16 to 18, but ranges from 12 to 20, years of age. In some societies, an age of consent is set by non-statutory custom or tradition. Sex with a person under the age of consent, regardless of their stated consent, is often considered sexual assault or statutory rape depending on differences in ages of the participants. Some countries treat any sex

pos: Ages of consent in Asia sexual orientation. Sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Kuwait. The marriageable age is 15 for girls and 17 for boys. The age of consent in Kyrgyzstan is 16. The age of consent in Laos is 15 regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Article 129 of the Laos "Penal Code" provides for a penalty of 1–5 years' imprisonment and a fine of 2–5 million kip. Any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is illegal in Lebanon The age of consent for sex in Lebanon is 18 for both males and females in regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Article 505

pos: Ages of consent in the United States A person is guilty of sexual abuse of a minor if: A. The person engages in a sexual act with another person, not the actor's spouse, who is either 14 or 15 years of age and the actor is at least 5 years older than the other person. The age of consent in Maryland is 16. The age of consent in Massachusetts is 16. Section 23 of Chapter 265 of the General Laws of Massachusetts states: Section 35A of Chapter 272 states: However, Chapter 272, Section 4 sets another age of consent at 18 when the "victim" is "of chaste

pos: Ages of consent in Europe 1942, the age of consent for homosexual acts was set at 21, while for heterosexual acts it was still 13. The latter was increased to 15 in 1945. In 1974, the age for homosexual acts was lowered to 18. In 1982, it was lowered to 15, in line with that for heterosexual acts. The age of consent in Georgia is 16 as per Georgian Penal Code Art. 140, and Art. 141. The age of consent in Germany is 14, as long as a person over the age of 21 does not exploit a 14- to 15-year-old person's lack of capacity

pos: LGBT rights in Australia and territories of Australia apply equally regardless of the gender and sexual orientation of participants. The age of consent in all states, territories and on the federal level is 16, except for Tasmania and South Australia where it is 17. The age of consent was equalised in 2002 by Western Australia and in 2003 by New South Wales and the Northern Territory. The last state to equalise its age of consent was Queensland in 2016, when it brought the age of consent for anal intercourse into line with vaginal intercourse and oral sex from 18 to 16 years of age.

pos: Ages of consent in Europe texts, which have caused difficulty among the jurisprudence and doctrine, and several cases ended to the High Court of Cassation and Justice in order to clarify the interpretation of the law. Finally, a new criminal code entered into force on 1 February 2014. The age of consent in Russia is 16. The age of consent changed several times in Russian history: the "Criminal Code of RSFSR" (Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic) stated "sexual maturity" as the age of consent; when the "Criminal Code of Russia" was adopted in 1996, the age of consent was proclaimed to be the same regardless

pos: Legal status of tattooing in the European Union but most tattoo parlours will refuse anyone under 18 No legislation found. 17 with parent's consent. Anyone the age of 18 or upwards does not need consent 14 or 15 in some parts of the country with parent's consent. 16, but most tattoo shops will refuse to tattoo you if you're under 18. There is no ilegal age for getting a tattoo in malta Legal status of tattooing in the European Union You may get a tattoo at the age of 17 with parental consent (this can be written) and without parental consent from the age of 18 upwards. In

pos: Ages of consent in Europe illegal, the age of consent only applied to females and sexual contact with a female between the ages of 13 and 16 was a misdemeanor. As of 2014, the age of consent is set at 16 for both males and females, sexual contact with any child under 16 regardless of gender is a felony and the ban on sodomy is lifted, thereby legalizing homosexual sex. The age of consent in Norway is 16, as specified by the 2005 Penal Code §304: which reads: ""Any person who performs a sexual act with a child under 16 years of age shall be

pos: Ages of consent in the United States household member under 18, is "Aggravated criminal sexual abuse", though penetration upgrades it to "Aggravated Criminal Sexual Assault". Although Illinois' minimum marriage age (with parental consent or court order) is 16, there is no statutory exception to the age of sexual consent. Bill 1139 was introduced in 2011 to decriminalize sexual relationships between children 13–16 years old and those fewer than five years older, but the bill failed to pass. In 2011 a bill was proposed that would allow people who violated the age of consent laws and were close in age with their victims to petition a judge to

pos: Age of consent reform Southern India suggested that the age of consent should be raised from 16 to 18 in that state. Justice R. Basant said he considered "illogic(al)" that a legal system in which an age of 18 is used for other purposes – like the Indian Majority Act, the Contract Act, the Juvenile Justice Act, the Child Marriage Restraint Act and the Representation of People Act – has a different approach in the case of sexual consent. The age of consent in India was raised from 16 to 18 in 2012. Over the course of American history, the most commonly observed age

pos: Adolescent sexuality world, teenage pregnancy is usually within marriage and does not carry such a stigma. Sexual conduct between adults and adolescents younger than the local age of consent is illegal, and in some Islamic countries any kind of sexual activity outside marriage is prohibited. In many jurisdictions, sexual intercourse between adolescents with a close age difference is not prohibited. Around the world, the average age-of-consent is 16, but this varies from being age 12 in Angola, age 16 in Spain and Canada, and age 16-18 in the United States. In some jurisdictions, the age-of-consent for homosexual acts may be different from

pos: Age of consent reform Georgia and Hawaii, from 14, raised in 1995 and 2001, respectively. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States was either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. In 2012, Alabama State Representative Mac McCutcheon sponsored a bill to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. As of August 2018, the age of consent in Alabama remains 16. In 2001, the legislature in Hawaii voted to raise the age of consent from 14 to 16. In June 2005, a bill was proposed before the

neg: Sexual Morality and the Law agreed that consent is a contractual notion. 'This notion of consent is a trap, in any case. What is sure is that the legal form of an intersexual consent is nonsense. No one signs a contract before making love', said Hocquenghem. The journalist Pierre Hahn asks twice about how to determine an age for consent: "Public opinion, including enlightened opinion such as that of the doctors of the Institute of Sexology ( L'Institut de Sexologie), asked at what age there can be said to be definite consent. It's a big problem. (...) If you were a legislator, you would fix

neg: Teenage pregnancy with adults because it is held that in general (although certain limitations may still apply), reaching the age of consent enables a juvenile to consent to sex with any partner who has also reached that age. Therefore, the definition of statutory rape is limited to sex with a person under the minimum age of consent. What constitutes statutory rape ultimately differs by jurisdiction (see age of consent). Studies have indicated that adolescent girls are often in abusive relationships at the time of their conceiving. They have also reported that knowledge of their pregnancy has often intensified violent and controlling behaviors

neg: Consent means yes" and affirmative models, such as Hall's definition: "the voluntary approval of what is done or proposed by another; permission; agreement in opinion or sentiment." Hickman and Muehlenhard state that consent should be "free verbal or nonverbal communication of a feeling of willingness' to engage in sexual activity." Affirmative consent may still be limited since the underlying, individual circumstances surrounding the consent cannot always be acknowledged in the "yes means yes", or in the "no means no", model. Some individuals are unable to give consent. Children or minors below a certain age, the age of sexual consent in that

neg: Age of Consent (band) always wanted to make dance music in some kind of capacity. However, there was a fine line dividing what they did in Shitdisco versus what they wanted to do in Age of Consent, and he knew it was important that the two better define those boundaries. The challenge, then, has not been to recreate the sound of Shitdisco, nor has it been to do something entirely different, but rather to compile the elements of the former project that they loved and place those into Age of Consent, mixing them alongside with new ideas. In January 2011 the two played their

neg: LGBT rights in Victoria LGBT rights in Victoria The Australian state of Victoria is regarded as one of the most progressive jurisdictions with respect to the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people. Buggery was a crime in Victoria from 1958 until December 1980, when the Hamer Liberal government repealed the state's sodomy laws, with the death penalty being on the books for sodomy in Victoria until 1949. The law passed 72–7, and went into effect in March 1981. The age of consent for homosexual acts was set at 18. However, a loosely worded "soliciting for immoral purposes" clause, inserted by

neg: Laws regarding child sexual abuse Laws regarding child sexual abuse Laws against child sexual abuse vary by country based on the local definition of who a child is and what constitutes child sexual abuse. Most countries in the world employ some form of age of consent, with sexual contact with an underage person being criminally penalized. As the age of consent to sexual behaviour varies from country to country, so too do definitions of child sexual abuse. An adult's sexual intercourse with a minor below the legal age of consent may sometimes be referred to as statutory rape, based on the principle that any apparent

neg: Consent (criminal law) consent constitutes rape. Alzheimer's disease or similar disabilities may result in a person being unable to give legal consent to sexual relations even with their spouse. In Australia, If a sexual partner was asleep, unconscious or a jury decides that a complainant was unable to consent, sexual contact is considered rape. In New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, consent is not possible when the complainant was asleep or unconscious. In Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, there is no consent where the complainant is so affected by alcohol or other drugs as "to

neg: Child prostitution of adult prostitution varies between different parts of the world, the prostitution of minors is illegal in most countries, and all countries have some form of restrictions against it. There is a dispute surrounding what constitutes a prostituted child. International law defines a child as any individual below the age of 18, but a number of countries legally recognize lower ages of consent and adulthood, usually ranging from 13 to 17 years of age. Thus, law enforcement officers are sometimes hesitant to investigate cases because of the differences in age of consent. The laws of some countries do, however, distinguish

neg: Age of consent widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, though most jurisdictions set the age of consent in the range 14 to 18. The laws may also vary by the type of sexual act, the gender of the participants or other considerations, such as involving a position of trust; some jurisdictions may also make allowances for minors engaged in sexual acts with each other, rather than a single age. Charges and penalties resulting from a breach of these laws may range from a misdemeanor, such as "corruption of a minor", to what is popularly called "statutory rape". There are many "grey areas" in this

neg: Charlie Gard case was granted by consent. Victoria Butler-Cole, a barrister, represented the guardian. The "Telegraph" later reported that the parents "privately expressed their concern" when they realised that Butler-Cole is the chair of Compassion in Dying, a sister organisation of Dignity in Dying. At this stage agreed reporting restriction orders were in place to protect the anonymity of the medical team and those that have given second opinions, both from the UK and abroad. The restrictions in respect of Hirano were lifted by consent at the second hearing. The first hearing took place on 3, 5, 7 and 11 April at what

neg: Age of consent reform Age of consent reform Age of consent reform is efforts to change age of consent laws. Proposed reforms typically include raising, lowering, or abolishing the age of consent, applying (or not applying) close-in-age exemptions, changing penalties, or changing how cases are examined in court. A related issue is whether or not to apply ages of consent to homosexual relationships that are different from those applied to heterosexual relationships. Organized efforts have ranged from academic discussions to political petitions. There have been many initiatives to raise the age of consent. Gratian, a canon lawyer in the 12th century, stated that consent

neg: Age of consent young age would potentially also increase risk of persistence of HPV infections that cause the very HPV induced cancers that are being diagnosed in spiking numbers of relatively young people. Age-of-consent reform refers to the efforts of some individuals or groups, for different reasons, to alter or abolish age-of-consent laws. These efforts advocate five main positions: Age of consent The age of consent is the age below which a minor is considered to be legally incompetent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a minor younger than the age of consent cannot claim

neg: Age of consent Age of consent The age of consent is the age below which a minor is considered to be legally incompetent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a minor younger than the age of consent cannot claim that the sexual activity was consensual, and such sexual activity may be considered statutory rape. The person below the minimum age is regarded as the victim and their sex partner is regarded as the offender, unless both are underage. The purpose of setting an age of consent is to protect an underage person from sexual advances.

neg: Ages of consent in Asia age of consent for consensual homosexual sex was set at 18. According to the Indonesian Penal Code article 287, the age of consent in Indonesia is 15 years old. The age of consent is the minimum age at which an individual is considered legally old enough to consent to participation in sexual activity. Individuals aged 14 or younger in Indonesia are not legally able to consent to sexual activity, and such activity may result in prosecution for statutory rape or the equivalent local law. Even though the age of consent is 15 years old, the offender can only be charged

neg: Sexual consent Children or minors below a certain age, the age of sexual consent in that jurisdiction, are deemed not able to give valid consent by law to sexual acts. The age of consent is the age below which a minor is considered to be legally incompetent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a minor younger than the age of consent cannot claim that the sexual activity was consensual, and such sexual activity may be considered statutory rape. The person below the minimum age is regarded as the victim and his or her sex

neg: Gopal Krishna Gokhale listen to him and considered Tilak's activities as sedituious and his arrest necessary for the maintenance of law and order. Gokhale’s one major difference with Tilak centred around one of his pet issues, the Age of Consent Bill introduced by the British Imperial Government, in 1891–92. Gokhale and his fellow liberal reformers, wishing to purge what they saw as superstitions and abuses in their native Hinduism, supported the Consent Bill to curb child marriage abuses. Though the Bill was not extreme, only raising the age of consent from ten to twelve, Tilak took issue with it; he did not object

neg: School violence schools, for example, through household surveys? Or through online surveys where students have access to the internet? Or is it better to rely on mechanisms for reporting incidents of violence in educational institutions when they are available, either in the schools themselves or outside schools (governmental hotlines, internet-based reporting systems, police and justice sectors, etc.)? What questions can be asked of children, using terminology that is easy to understand, age-appropriate and culturally sensitive? In most countries there are strict rules related to research involving children, as they are under the age of consent. Therefore, requesting informed consent from the children

neg: Ages of consent in Asia is older than 14, but has not yet reached the age of sixteen, with consent. The penalty of imprisonment exceeding 10 years is the sentence for anyone who has sex with a woman who is over sixteen years but less than twenty one years, with consent. This age of consent applies to women who marry without the permission of their fathers. The Penal Code of Bangladesh considers 14 years as the age of consent. The age of consent in Bhutan is 18 regardless of gender or sexual orientation, according to Article 183 of the Penal Code of Bhutan. The age

neg: Ages of consent in Europe communist regime, the code was modified several time, and, in 1969, a new penal code came into effect. Nevertheless, the age of consent of 14 was maintained. Article 198 of the 1969 code read: "Sexual intercourse with a female person who has not attained the age of 14 is punishable by imprisonment of one to five years." In a case of rape, similarly with the previous code, the victim being under 14 constituted an aggravating factor (Article 197). The late 1990s and the early 21st century saw major modifications to the criminal code, in an effort to modify what was

neg: Sex and the law injuries caused. "(See Consent (BDSM))" Other jurisdictions permit sadomasochistic conduct so long as the participants consent to the conduct. While the phrases "age of consent" or "statutory rape" typically do not appear in legal statutes, when used in relation to sexual activity, the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be legally competent of consenting to engage in sexual acts. This should not be confused with the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, or the marriageable age. The age of consent varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The median seems to range from

neg: Ages of consent in Africa 18 for males. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. Although Djiboutian law establishes that parties to a marriage should be 18 or over, there is an exemption in cases where minors may marry with the consent of their guardians. Effectively this means the age of consent is lower than 18, especially in rural areas; in 2007, 13.6% of married women under the age of 50 married before the age of 18. The age of consent in Egypt is 18 years, for heterosexual males and females. Sex work is illegal and the sex work law

neg: Rape in Islamic law considered rape when there is no consent and no deliberate action from the victim. In Mālik’s view, rape refers to any kind of unlawful sexual intercourse (zinā) by usurpation and without consent. This includes instances when the condition of the victims prevents them from expressing their resistance, such as insanity, sleep or being under age. The Ḥanbalites, similar to the Mālikites, consider the use of any kind of force as a denial of consent from the victim. The threat of starvation or suffering the cold of winter are also regarded as against one's will. Classical Islamic law defined what today

neg: Age of consent The term "age of consent" rarely appears in legal statutes. Generally, a law will instead establish the age below which it is illegal to engage in sexual activity with that person. It has sometimes been used with other meanings, such as the age at which a person becomes competent to consent to marriage, but the meaning given above is the one now generally understood. It should not be confused with other laws regarding age minimums including, but not limited to, the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, voting age, drinking age, and driving age. Age of consent laws vary

neg: Ages of consent in the United States enforcement agency, considers the age of consent as 18. A Texas court case decision, Ex parte Fujisaka, argued that, in light of these two laws, the age of consent is considered to be 17. Texas age of consent is 17 years in regards to sexual activity alone. The age of consent is gender neutral and applies the same to both heterosexual and homosexual conduct and regardless of age difference. Like many other states, Texas does not enforce harsh penalties for individuals who have sex with someone under 17 as long as that person is not more than 3 years older

neg: Dynamic consent information is used, for what purpose and which parties have a copy. They are not usually given the opportunity to declare their specific consents and privacy-related personal data management preferences. Secondly, with regard to consent: informed consent requires a person to know in advance what they are agreeing to and what the likely risks and benefits of agreeing will be. But with these large, linked data sets, it is often not clear at the time someone is asked to consent how their data will be used in the future. This is known as a broad consent or a blanket consent.

neg: Ages of consent in Asia her will. Secondly — Without her consent. Thirdly — With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her in fear of death or hurt. Fourthly – With her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband, and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married. "Fifthly" – "With or without her consent, when she is under fourteen years". The age of consent in Nepal is 18 regardless of gender or sexual orientation. The age of consent in North

neg: Ages of consent in North America must be of legal age to give consent, although exceptions to the age of consent law exist in some jurisdictions when the minor and his or her partner are within a certain number of years in age or when a minor is married to his/her partner. Persons below the age of consent may not, by law, give consent, and sexual relations involving such persons may be punished by criminal sanctions similar to those for rape or sexual assault. Non-violent sexual contact with persons under the age of consent may be punished with varying degrees of severity, ranging from a misdemeanor

neg: Ages of consent in Africa According to the U.S. State Department, the Seychelles age of consent is "traditionally understood" to be 15 but that the country's statutes "fail to clearly define the ages of consent and legal majority"; according to the State Department this causes confusion in regards to the "traditionally understood" age of consent and the age of majority of 18 and therefore complicates enforcement of the law. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender, under the new Sexual Offenses Act 2012. Article 29 of the national constitution of Somalia defines a child as any individual under the age

neg: Age of consent reform effect in September of that year. A 2011 Romeo and Juliet bill failed to pass in the Illinois legislature. In the State v. Limon case, Kansas's Romeo and Juliet law was found to be unconstitutional because it excluded same-sex sexual conduct. Some countries other than the United States also have Romeo and Juliet laws. Ireland's 2006 law has been contested because it treats girls differently from boys. Age of consent reform Age of consent reform is efforts to change age of consent laws. Proposed reforms typically include raising, lowering, or abolishing the age of consent, applying (or not applying) close-in-age

neg: Ages of consent in Africa has been used against male and female homosexuals. The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent in Eritrea is 18, as stipulated by Article 595. The minimum age for consensual sex is 18 years. The law, however, is not enforced; nearly 20% of girls are married by the age of 15. Early childhood marriage is especially common in rural areas, where some girls are married as young as 7 years old. The age of consent in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands for both males and females is 15, as it is

neg: Age of consent override the age of consent laws in the case of a married couple where one or both partners are below the age of consent. Some jurisdictions prohibit all sex outside of marriage irrespective of age, as in the case of Yemen. In many countries, there are specific laws dealing with child prostitution. In some countries, states, or other jurisdictions, the age of consent may be lower than the age at which a person can appear in pornographic images and films. In many jurisdictions, the minimum age for participation and even viewing such material is 18. As such, in some jurisdictions,

neg: Consent Consent Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, but may have more specific definitions in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual relationships. Types of consent include implied consent, expressed consent, informed consent and unanimous consent. Consent as understood in specific contexts may differ from its everyday meaning. For example, a person with a mental disorder, a low mental age, or under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act that still fails to meet the legal threshold for

neg: Consent (BDSM) writing. The underlying principle is a classical liberal idea that a person's freedom can be measured by lack of interference with their personal choices. As in classical liberalism, the harm principle comes into play. Consent, within BDSM and some academic schools of thought, is what separates legally actionable harm from legitimate personal freedom. Informed consent is the idea that consent is offered with sufficient information and understanding of what is being agreed upon. As in vanilla society, an impairment of mental state or decision making abilities is considered a state in which informed, rational consent cannot be offered. Consent given

neg: Consent management consumer privacy preferences in health information exchange is recognized by the healthcare industry through various standards activities and consent discussions: Consent management ""' is a system, process or set of policies for allowing consumers and patients to determine what health information they are willing to permit their various care providers to access. It enables patients and consumers to affirm their participation in e-health initiatives and to establish consent directives to determine who will have access to their protected health information (PHI), for what purpose and under what circumstances. Consent management supports the dynamic creation, management and enforcement of consumer, organizational

neg: Ages of consent in Oceania the homosexual age of consent is set higher at 18, while the heterosexual age of consent is 15. Same sex sexual activity is illegal at any age for males in Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, the Cook Islands, Samoa, Tonga and Tuvalu; it is outlawed for both men and women in the Solomon Islands. In all other places the age of consent is equal, regardless of sexual orientation or gender. The below is a list of all jurisdictions in Oceania as listed in List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania. Australia is a federation of States and Territories, with

neg: Ages of consent in the United States age of the minor, as well as the age difference between the minor and the offender. (see Article 39-13-506. "Statutory rape"). There are two laws concerning age of consent in Texas: one sets the age of consent for sexual activity at 17 and the other sets the age of consent for inducement of sexual conduct and for sexual activity involving "visual representation or employment" at 18. There is also a three-year "Romeo and Juliet" provision that allows for sexual contact if there is a three-year or less gap between the parties. The Texas Department of Public Safety, the state law

neg: Age disparity in sexual relationships If the much-younger target of affections is not of the legal age of consent, the term "jailbait" may be applied to them, with connotations cautioning against involvement. An older term for any licentious or lascivious man is a "lecher", and that term and its shortening of "lech" have become common to describe an elderly man who makes passes at much younger women. Age disparity in sexual relationships Age disparity in sexual relationships is the difference in ages of individuals in sexual relationships. Concepts of these relationships, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies.

neg: Reproductive rights their consent becomes a significant barrier with consequences for adolescents’ lives and for public health in general." One specific issue which is seen as a form of hypocrisy of legislators is that of having a higher age of medical consent for the purpose of reproductive and sexual health than the age of sexual consent - in such cases the law allows youth to engage in sexual activity, but does not allow them to consent to medical procedures that may arise from being sexually active; UNICEF states that "On sexual and reproductive health matters, the minimum age of medical consent should

neg: Age of consent consent if affected by natural, induced or "age-related incapacity"." (see note 51) Sexual relations with a person under the age of consent is a crime in most countries, exceptions to this include, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia. Jurisdictions use a variety of terms for the offense, including "child sexual abuse", "statutory rape", "illegal carnal knowledge", "corruption of a minor", besides others. The enforcement practices of age-of-consent laws vary depending on the social sensibilities of the particular culture (see above). Often, enforcement is not exercised to the letter of the law, with legal action being taken only when a sufficiently socially-unacceptable age

neg: Sexual consent protections and he states that the college does the investigation, judges the case in the trial, and hears the appeal, which means there is not a separation of functions. Camille Paglia calls "yes means yes" laws "drearily puritanical" and totalitarian. In "Consent: It’s Not Sexy", Victoria Campbell criticizes affirmative consent on the grounds that it "...values proof and evidence over the lived experience of those involved" and it turns sex into a contractual activity in a manner akin to the way marriage traditionally provided contractual consent to sex. Sarah Nicole Prickett criticizes affirmative consent because these rules are premised on

neg: Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom bring the age of consent into line with the rest of the United Kingdon. The Criminal Justice Minister, Paul Goggins, said there was no compelling reason for the age to be different in Northern Ireland. The age of consent in Ireland is 17, in relation to vaginal, oral, or anal sex, and vaginal or anal penetration. This gives it one of the highest ages of consent in the European Union. Under the sexual offences legislation in Ireland, a girl under 17 cannot be prosecuted for engaging in sexual intercourse, even if her partner is younger. For example, a girl is

neg: Sexual consent partner is regarded as the offender, unless both are underage. The purpose of setting an age of consent is to protect an underage person from sexual advances. Age of consent laws vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, though most jurisdictions set the age of consent in the range 14 to 18. The laws may also vary by the type of sexual act, the gender of the participants or other considerations, such as involving a position of trust; some jurisdictions may also make allowances for minors engaged in sexual acts with each other, rather than a single age. Likewise, persons with

neg: Marriage in the United States Marriage in the United States Marriage in the United States is a legal, social, and religious institution. The legal recognition of marriage is regulated by individual states, each of which sets an "age of majority" at which individuals are free to enter into marriage solely on their own consent, as well as at what ages underage persons are able to marry with parental and/or judicial consent. Marriage laws have changed considerably during United States history, including the removal of bans on interracial marriage and same-sex marriage. In 2009, there were 2,077,000 marriages, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The median

neg: Ages of consent in North America if possible, allow the minor to indicate if prosecution is deemed desirable. Clipperton Island is an uninhabited nine-square-kilometre (approx. 3.5-square-mile) coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean, a state private property under the direct authority of the French government, administered by the Minister of Overseas France. The laws of France where applicable apply. See Age of consent Europe#France. In Costa Rica under the "Penal Code of 2004", the age of consent is 18, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The age of consent used to be 15, but it was increased in recent years after legal reform. The age of