query: when did the british take over new amsterdam

pos: New Amsterdam by 2,000 Native Americans as part of the Peach Tree War. They destroyed 28 farms, killed 100 settlers, and took 150 prisoners. On August 27, 1664, while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace, four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender, whereupon New Netherland was provisionally ceded by Stuyvesant. On September 6, Stuyvesant sent lawyer Johannes de Decker and five other delegates to sign the official Articles of Capitulation. This was swiftly followed by the Second Anglo-Dutch War, between England and the Dutch Republic. In June 1665, New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English

neg: Financial history of the Dutch Republic exports "even when the Netherlands were part of the French empire". Consequently, Amsterdam lost its position in the international capital market forever to London. The merchant bankers left "en masse". Though for a while cities in the maritime Dutch provinces lost urban population, while grass grew in their streets, and their ports were empty, and even though the Netherlands' economy experienced deindustrialization and pauperization, with a concomittant re-agriculturalization, it did not revert to premodern days. It even managed to hang on for another fifty years, resistant to attempts at industrialization in the British mode, even though those attempts did take

neg: British School of Amsterdam to Amsterdam and joined the school in 1983 as Headmaster and class teacher of the oldest children, a mixed group from 8 to 11 years of age. In January 1985 the Amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam (city council) allowed the school to take over the Jan van Eijckstraat 21 site (in Amsterdam Nieuw-Zuid) which had been used as a temporary residence for schools undergoing major renovation etc. The school still occupies this site to the present day. This was also the first time the school had an entire building all to itself. At this time there were five members of full-time teaching-staff

neg: SM UB-4 en route to Montevideo from Amsterdam when sunk by Gross and "UB-4" on 17 April. Although German U-boats sank over 100,000 tons of shipping in each of May and June, "UB-4" did not contribute to those totals. She did add one ship to the 98,000-ton tally for July when she sank the Belgian ship "Princesse Marie Jose" and her load of coal on 29 July. The 1,954-ton steamer had sailed from Dunston and was headed to Bordeaux when sunk from the Shipwash Lightship off Harwich. On 14 August, the 59-ton British fishing smack "Bona Fide" was stopped by a U-boat,

neg: Dan-Air a new, seasonal scheduled service linking Newcastle with Jersey and a new, year-round combined Gatwick–Newcastle–Aberdeen weekend schedule. During that year, the airline inaugurated scheduled services between Berlin and Amsterdam Schiphol, the company's first scheduled route from Berlin as well as its first scheduled route not to touch the UK. Furthermore, in November, Dan-Air withdrew its application to the CAA to take over British Airways's Highland and Islands scheduled operation. During 1981 and 1982, Dan-Air leased three HS 748s to British Airways to supplement the latter's 748 fleet on Scottish internal routes. The partial liberalisation of the Anglo-Irish bilateral agreement during

neg: British School of Amsterdam British School of Amsterdam The British School of Amsterdam is an international school, situated in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, teaching children from nursery through to Year 13. The school follows the National Curriculum for England and is the first school in the Netherlands to be accredited by the UK Government as a British School Overseas. The School was re-accredited following an inspection in November 2017. The school is a member of The Council of British International Schools (COBIS). The British School of Amsterdam was founded in 1978 by three families who were on two-year contracts in Amsterdam and did not want

neg: Cornelis Schrijver unimpressive performance of Dutch naval ships was due to the backwardness of the admiralty shipyards that built most of the Dutch naval ships in both design methods and construction methods. Schrijver made his opinion known in loud and undiplomatic tones, and his criticisms endeared him to one of the members of the Amsterdam Admiralty Board, Lubbert Adolph Torck who shared his negative opinions. In 1726 Torck ordered Schrijver to recruit one or more British shipwrights to take over as superintendent of the Amsterdam Admiralty shipyard, in hopes that this might help introduce the "British" methods of ship-design and construction in

neg: De Telegraaf took over "De Telegraaf" and "De Courant" on 12 September 1902. This proved to be a good investment, particularly with regard to "De Courant", enabling Holdert between 1903 and 1923 to take over one newspaper after another, suspending publication as he went. He added the name "Amsterdamsche Courant" ("Amsterdam Gazette") as a subtitle to "De Telegraaf", and "Het Nieuws van den Dag" ("The News of the Day") to "De Courant". During World War I, when the Netherlands was officially neutral, Holdert's French sympathies and his pro-British standpoint caused "De Telegraaf" to be the focus of some controversy, as the Netherlands

neg: York Shire (Province of New York) in 1664. As a result of renewed fighting between England and the Netherlands, the Dutch re-captured New York in August 1673. On September 12, 1673, New Netherland reverted the government structure in New Amsterdam. On February 9, 1674, the Anglo-Dutch War was concluded with the Treaty of Westminster, the terms of which again transferred the territory to British control. The English reverted the organization to the one they previously established plus the take over of the governments the Dutch established in the interim. On June 29, 1674, King Charles II of England granted the same territory previously granted to the

neg: Alteratie Alteratie The Alteratie (Eng: Alteration) is the name given to the change of power in Amsterdam on May 26, 1578, when the Catholic city government was deposed in favor of a Protestant one. The coup should be seen in the context of the greater Dutch Revolt that was breaking out in this time. Trade interests played an important role, because Amsterdam was becoming isolated as surrounding cities and towns joined the revolt, and other cities were threatening to take over its trade. No one was injured or killed during the coup. On May 29, a new city council was formed,

neg: University of Amsterdam national university, from 7,500 students in 1960 to over 32,000 in 2010. In 2007, UvA undertook the construction of the Science Park Amsterdam, a 70 hectare campus to house the Faculty of Science along with the new University Sports Center. Much of the park has now been completed. The University of Amsterdam began working in close collaboration with the "Hogeschool van Amsterdam" to allow students from UvA and HvA to take classes at both schools through an integrated curriculum. In 2008, the University of Amsterdam and VU University jointly founded the Amsterdam University College (AUC), an interuniversity institute that offers

neg: My White Bicycle My White Bicycle "My White Bicycle" is Tomorrow's debut single. According to Tomorrow drummer John 'Twink' Alder, the song was inspired by the Dutch Provos, an anarchist group in Amsterdam which instituted a bicycle-sharing system: "They had white bicycles in Amsterdam and they used to leave them around the town. And if you were going somewhere and you needed to use a bike, you'd just take the bike and you'd go somewhere and just leave it. Whoever needed the bikes would take them and leave them when they were done." The Scottish rock band Nazareth did a cover version, which

neg: Whitehall Street Drive to the Battery area. Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant; when the British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch, they christened the street and the building "Whitehall" for England's seat of government, Whitehall, London. On the Castello map (1660, "illustration") Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century Nieuw Amsterdam/New York are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned

neg: Director of New Netherland Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. The capital, New Amsterdam, became the city of New York when the New Netherlanders provisionally ceded control of the colony to the English who renamed the city and the rest of the province in June 1665. During the restitution to Dutch rule from August 1673 to November 1674, when New Netherland was under the jurisdiction of the City of Amsterdam, the first Dutch governor, Anthony Colve, was appointed. In 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch were able to recapture New Amsterdam (renamed "New York" by the British) under Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and

neg: Norwegian Americans New Amsterdam in 1637. Pieter Van Brugh, Mayor of Albany, New York was the grandson of Norwegian immigrants. His mother's parents were Roelof Janse (1602–1637), born in Marstrandsön, a small island situated in Båhuslen province in Norway (it was ceded to Sweden in 1658) and Anneke Jans (1605–1663), born on Flekkerøy, an island situated outside the town of Kristiansand, Vest-Agder county, Norway. Approximately 60 people had settled in the Manhattan area before the British take-over in 1664. How many Norwegians that settled in New Netherland (the area up the Hudson River to Fort Oranje—now Albany) is not known. The Netherlands

neg: British Continental Airways British Continental Airways British Continental Airways was a British airline that operated between 1935 and 1936, when it merged into British Airways. British Continental Airways Limited was formed on 15 April 1935 to operate airline services from Croydon Airport to the continent. The first services were to Belgium; as well as Brussels, other Belgian destinations were added over the first year, including Ostend and Antwerp. Services were also run to Lille in France and Amsterdam in the Netherlands. In partnership with KLM the airline operated a service between Amsterdam and Liverpool with a stop at Doncaster. Originally formed as a

neg: Walter G. R. Hinchliffe Netherlands to England. In 1921 he made the first civilian passenger night-flights from Lympne to Amsterdam, and Amsterdam to Berlin. His new routes included Amsterdam-Gelsenkirchen-Dortmund-London-Amsterdam in 11 hours flying time and Berlin-Amsterdam-London-Lowestoft-Lympne in just over 12 hours flying time. During 1922-1923 he was Chief Pilot of KLM. In 1923 he joined Instone Air Line covering Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, London and Paris, and after the merger into Imperial Airways he flew a De Havilland Hercules to Cairo and opened up the Imperial Airways Eastern route. His flying experience included over 40 types of aircraft including; Avro, British Aerial Transport,

neg: Hudson Valley Given that the city of New Amsterdam was largely defenseless, Stuyvesant was forced to surrender the city and the colony to the British. New Amsterdam and the overall colony of New Netherland was renamed New York, after the Duke of York. The Dutch regained New York temporarily, only to relinquish it again a few years later, thus ending Dutch control over New York and the Hudson River. Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub, with manors being developed on the east side of the river. At these manors, landlords rented out land to their tenants, letting

neg: New Amsterdam judicial system the WIC. The system of patroonships enabled Amsterdam investors to obtain large tracts of land on the condition that fifty families settled within those lands within four years. The patroons could establish and administer courts of justice (Patroon’s Courts). Appeal was possible to the director and the council of the WIC in New Amsterdam for fines higher than 50 guilders. The most famous and successful patroon was Kiliaen van Rensselaer who established Rensselaerwyck. The system of patroonships did not affect New Amsterdam, as the WIC retained control over Manhattan. By 1640 the WIC no longer was the only commercial power

neg: Henry Linderman Henry Linderman Henry Richard Linderman (December 26, 1825 – January 27, 1879) was an American financier and superintendent of the US Mint. The Brodheads first arrived in America when Daniel Brodhead, a Captain of King Charles II's Grenadiers in the British Army, was dispatched as a part of Nicolls’s Expedition to take New Amsterdam in 1664. Brodhead commanded a company that occupied a post in Esopus, New York, where he died two years later. Henry’s great granduncle was Brevet Brigadier General Daniel Brodhead IV, who served as colonel of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment in the American Revolution. Henry was the

neg: Henry Linderman D.C. Henry Linderman Henry Richard Linderman (December 26, 1825 – January 27, 1879) was an American financier and superintendent of the US Mint. The Brodheads first arrived in America when Daniel Brodhead, a Captain of King Charles II's Grenadiers in the British Army, was dispatched as a part of Nicolls’s Expedition to take New Amsterdam in 1664. Brodhead commanded a company that occupied a post in Esopus, New York, where he died two years later. Henry’s great granduncle was Brevet Brigadier General Daniel Brodhead IV, who served as colonel of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment in the American Revolution. Henry was

neg: Joachim Rendorp Revolution after 1775 would reopen the American Colonies to free trade, in contravention of the British Navigation Acts. With the connivance of the Amsterdam pensionary Engelbert François van Berckel secret negotiations were opened in 1778 between the Amsterdam banker Jean de Neufville and the American diplomat William Lee in Aachen, which resulted in a draft treaty of amity and commerce. These negotiations were unofficial, and did not have the approval of the Dutch government, or (officially) the Amsterdam city government. When they came to light through the interception of the intended American envoy to the Dutch Republic, Henry Laurens by

neg: Karin Lasthuizen Karin Lasthuizen Karin Marjolein Lasthuizen (born 1970) is a Dutch-New Zealand academic. As of 2018, she holds the Brian Picot Chair in Ethical Leadership at the Victoria University of Wellington. After an undergraduate at Radboud University Nijmegen, Lasthuizen did a 2008 PhD at VU University Amsterdam titled " 'Leading to integrity : empirical research into the effects of leadership on ethics and integrity.' " She then lectured at VU University Amsterdam and was a city counciler for the Labour Party before moving to Wellington, New Zealand in 2016 to take up the Brian Picot Chair in Ethical Leadership at the

neg: Amsterdamse Poort, Haarlem for Amsterdam did not pass here, but traveled up the Spaarne river to pass the small sluice gate at Spaarndam, in order to reach the IJ. Coaches traveling by land to Amsterdam did leave this gate over the Oude Weg to the Liede, where they would cross at Penningsveer (a ferry for a penny), to Spaarnwoude and from there, journey onwards along the old IJdijk to Amsterdam. This gate, for those travelling by land, was called the "Spaarnwouderpoort". With the new canal and its towpath, the trip was so short, it became much more popular, since it was now possible

neg: Hudson River 1647, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took over management of the colony, and surrendered it in 1664 to the British, who had invaded the largely-defenseless New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam and the colony of New Netherland were renamed New York, after the Duke of York. Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub. Manors were developed on the east side of the river, and the west side contained many smaller and independent farms. In 1754, the Albany Plan of Union was created at Albany City Hall on the Hudson. The plan allowed the colonies to treaty with the Iroquois and

neg: Syndicalism in Amsterdam. This congress did not take place due to the outbreak of World War I. Syndicalists had long opposed nationalism and militarism. Haywood held that "it is better to be a traitor to your country than to your class". French syndicalists viewed the Army as the primary defender of the capitalist order. In 1901, the CGT published a manual for soldiers encouraging desertion. Similarly, in 1911 British syndicalists distributed an "Open Letter to British Soldiers" imploring them not to shoot on striking workers, but to join the working class's struggle against capital. Patriotism, syndicalists argued, was a means of

neg: Park Ward particularly associated with W O Bentley's new business manufacturing their chassis nearby at Cricklewood. In 1922 they were asked by Rolls-Royce to take part in a scheme to make standard bodies for their small Twenty model but the project was abandoned though they did build bespoke bodies for Rolls-Royce customers exhibiting a 40-50 model at the British Empire exhibition in 1924. From the mid-1920s the company started to concentrate on Bentley and Rolls-Royce models. After the Rolls-Royce take over of Bentley in 1931 Rolls-Royce took a stake in Park Ward. Beginning in 1933 when they obtained patents Park Ward developed

neg: Fabletown Fabletown Fabletown is the fictional, clandestine community of "Fables" resident in New York in the "Fables" comic book universe. It exists in two locations, one being Bullfinch Street (a reference to Bullfinch's Mythology) in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and the other on a large farm in upstate New York, protected with magical spells that repel non-Fables (generally referred to as Mundanes, or, informally, "Mundys"). Fabletown was founded prior to the British acquisition of the town, when it was known as New Amsterdam, putting the founding date somewhere between 1625, when New Amsterdam was founded, and 1665, when the

neg: Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 with the Portuguese could have caused the Dutch were successful in these battles in several aspects. They gained control over more territories in Southeast Asia. They included: Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula, southern region of Borneo, and the islands of the Moluccas and West New Guinea. They even expanded as far as a settlement in Australia; however it did not last due to lack of economic profit. The Dutch were so profit-focused that they even exchanged New Amsterdam for Archipelago with Britain. The small island in Moluccas was home to a large stock of spices. Relations with the British took a

neg: BOAC Flight 777 by refuelling in Newfoundland). Over the UK, civil aircraft were restricted to between and and could fly only during daylight to ease identification. The British government also restricted flights to diplomats, military personnel, VIPs, and those with government approval. For several weeks prior to the German invasion of the Netherlands, Dutch airline KLM, operated a direct, over-water, twice-weekly DC-3 service from Amsterdam to Portugal avoiding French, British and Spanish airspace to connect with the new Pan American flying boat service from the US to Lisbon. When Germany invaded in May 1940, KLM had several airliners en route outside the Netherlands.

neg: Kedah Sultanate Company(BEIC) to take Penang from Kedah. He achieved this by giving assurance to Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II that his army will protect Kedah from any Siamese invasion. In return, the Sultan agree to hand over Pinang to the British. In 1786, Light negotiated with the new Sultan of Kedah Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah over the cession of Pinang to BEIC. However, Light made the agreement without the consent of his superiors in India. BEIC did not provide military support, as promised by Light, when Siam attacked Kedah. In 1790, Sultan Abdullah planned to launch an amphibious invasion of

neg: Seal of New York City after the American Revolution. Prior to this change, a crown had been located in this space, representing the authority of the monarchy during the British colonial period. The eagle rests upon a hemisphere. At the bottom is the date, 1625, when Fort Amsterdam was designated the capital of the province of New Amsterdam, the colonial Dutch settlement which would later become the City of New York. The first Dutch settlers actually arrived in the region in 1624, and the town of New Amsterdam was incorporated in 1653. The English came in 1664, and the Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered, signing

neg: New Amsterdam, Guyana arguably the best example of Cesar Castellani's architecture extant, namely, the New Amsterdam Public Hospital. (It might be remembered that the powers-that-be allowed the Palms, the best example in Georgetown, to fall into such a state of disrepair that the building had to be demolished.) In 1831, New Amsterdam lost its status as a capital, when the two colonies of Berbice and Essequibo/Demerara were combined into one to become British Guiana. The present town is fairly small, consisting of three main roads with about a dozen cross streets. It has a mayor, Kirt Wynter, and a thriving market. From New

neg: New Amsterdam, Guyana Secondary, Tutorial Academy, and New Amsterdam Secondary formerly known as New Amsterdam Multilateral High School (opened in 1975). The Esplanade is the name of an open public ground west of Esplanade Road and immediately opposite The Gardens. It evokes many pleasant memories of the time when it was immensely popular as a picnic resort and rendezvous for the people of Berbice. The bandstand there saw many splendid and well attended performances of the British Guiana Militia Band. There are several hotels in the town, including Church View Guest House, Astor Hotel, Little Rock Hotel, The Penguin International Hotel, and the

neg: Brunei it provided Britain effective control over Brunei's external affairs, making it a British protected state (which continued until 1984). But, when the Kingdom of Sarawak annexed Brunei's Pandaruan District in 1890, the British did not take any action to stop it. They did not regard either Brunei or the Kingdom of Sarawak as 'foreign' (per the Treaty of Protection). This final annexation by Sarawak left Brunei with its current small land mass and separation into two parts. British residents were introduced in Brunei under the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement in 1906. The residents were to advise the sultan on all matters

neg: British Island Airways operate part of their multi-leg scheduled services, including Air Florida during the early 1980s and Virgin Atlantic during the mid-80s. During those periods BIA One-Eleven 400s were operating the Gatwick—Amsterdam portion of the former's Miami—London (Gatwick)—Amsterdam route as well as a Gatwick—Maastricht feeder operation for the latter's transatlantic long-haul services. By the late-1980s, BIA became profitable, marking the completion of the airline's successful financial turnaround. During late-1988 and early-1989 intense negotiations exploring BIA's sale to ILG were held over several weeks. At that time ILG sought to take control of BIA because of the airline's slots at an increasingly congested

neg: Jews in New York City then the colony New Amsterdam, as refugees from Recife, Brazil. Portugal had just re-conquered what is now known of the Brazilian State of Pernambuco from the Netherlands, and the Sephardi Jews there promptly fled. Most went to Amsterdam, but 23 headed for New Amsterdam instead. Governor Peter Stuyvesant was at first unwilling to accept them but succumbed to pressure from the Dutch West India Company — itself pressed by Jewish stockholders — to let them remain. Nevertheless, he imposed numerous restrictions and taxes on his Jewish subjects. Eventually, many of these Jews left. When the British took the colony from

neg: Leila Khaled holding an AK-47 rifle and wearing a kaffiyeh was reproduced in many publications, she underwent six plastic surgery operations on her nose and chin to conceal her identity and allow her to take part in a future hijacking, and because she did not want to wear the face of an icon. On September 6, 1970, Khaled and Patrick Argüello, a Nicaraguan–American, attempted to hijack El Al Flight 219 from Amsterdam to New York City as part of the Dawson's Field hijackings, a series of almost simultaneous hijackings carried out by the PFLP. The attack was foiled, when Israeli skymarshals killed

neg: Lochnagar mine mine gallery, which he found to have been charged with explosives; a group of volunteers took racking minutes to dismantle the charge and cut the firing cables. From April 1916, were sprung around "L'îlot", some loaded with of explosives. The French mine workings were taken over when the British moved into the Somme front. G.F. Fowke moved the 174th and 183rd Tunnelling Companies into the area, but at first the British did not have enough miners to take over the large number of French shafts; the problem was temporarily solved when the French agreed to leave their engineers at work

neg: Maria Curcio in Italy, and with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. She also studied with Artur Schnabel himself from age 15; he did not normally take young pupils, but his son Karl Ulrich persuaded him to audition her. When he did so, he described her as "one of the greatest talents I have ever met". When Schnabel was on tour, she had lessons with Fritz Busch. She made her London debut in 1939, but at the outbreak of World War II, she was in Amsterdam, where she had followed Schnabel's secretary Peter Diamand, and where she performed frequently. However, during the German occupation

neg: Benedict Arnold (congressman) New York. He served from March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1831, and did not seek reelection. He was president of the board of trustees of the village of Amsterdam in 1832 and did not engage in active business pursuits, but lived in retirement in Amsterdam, New York, until his death. Arnold died in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York, on March 3, 1849 (age 68 years, 149 days). He is interred at Green Hill Cemetery, Amsterdam, New York. Benedict Arnold (congressman) Benedict Arnold (October 5, 1780 – March 3, 1849) was an American politician from New York, and a member

neg: British School of Amsterdam another building for a year while the Board of Governors and Headmaster looked for a long term solution to the growing need for suitable space as pupil numbers grew. The oldest children in the school were relocated in the West of Amsterdam, to a school in Orteliusstraat. School buses were arranged to take the children every morning and afternoon from Jan van Eijckstraat to and from the other site and the Gemeente gave the School its very own British School of Amsterdam bus stop. In 2002 the School bought the site at Anthonie van Dijckstraat and leased the building across

neg: Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam to form secret societies, masquerading as "reading clubs" that spread revolutionary propaganda, and prepared for insurrection by secretly amassing arms in an arsenal on the Roeterseiland. Ringleaders were Alexander Gogel and Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, the latter acting as Military Officer of the Amsterdam Revolutionary Committee. On 14 October 1794, the stadtholder (aware that something was afoot) ordered the city council of Amsterdam to take measures to ensure that civil order would be preserved. The garrison under General Golowkin was reinforced with 4,000 British troops from the British army of occupation. That same day, however, the Patriot insurrection began. The

neg: Treaty of Amsterdam on their appointment by common accord with the national governments. These provisions make the Commission more politically accountable, particularly vis-à-vis the European Parliament. Finally, the new Treaty enables, under very strict conditions, closer co-operation between Member States which so wish. Closer co-operation may be established, on a proposal from the Commission, in cases where it is not possible to take joint action, provided that such steps do not undermine the coherence of the EU or the rights and equality of its citizens. The Amsterdam Treaty did not settle all institutional questions. Work was still in progress on reforming the institutions

neg: Koninklijke Nederlandse Hockey Bond organise a World Cup as early as 1938. Then, the FIH planned to host a World Cup in Amsterdam, as a substitute for the Olympic hockey tournament, which was cancelled because there was not enough accommodation in Helsinki, where the 1940 Olympics were to be held. The tournament would take place from 2 to 13 May, in the Olympic stadium in Amsterdam and the associations of, amongst others, British India (consecutive winner of the three previous Olympic tournaments), Afghanistan, Japan, Argentina, New Zealand and many European countries had declared to participate. The women's tournament would last from 8 to 12

neg: Salt industry in Syracuse, New York spring which the Onondagas believed to be tainted due to an evil spirit. Unlike the Onondagas who considered the salt springs evil, the French instead, recognized the intrinsic value of the salt. By 1660, the Dutch at New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, Albany, New York, were in receipt of information that "salt grew out of the ground," however, they refused to believe it. The British began to take an active interest in the land around Onondaga Lake in the early 18th century. They befriended the Onondagas by giving them guns, which were highly prized. British agent, Sir William Johnson, acquired

neg: Scots Brigade a draft commercial treaty between the American agent in Aix-la-Chapelle and members of the Amsterdam business community; when they failed to receive a satisfactory response, they declared war in December. The Brigade was technically a British unit on loan whose officers held commissions from George III which caused obvious problems when the countries were at war. On 18 November 1782, all officers were required to take an oath to the Stadholder but most refused and returned to Britain. Distinctive markers such as red uniforms, British colours and the "Scottish March" were abolished and the units renumbered Dutch infantry Regiments Nrs

neg: The Hunting Season Mandate. The "Little Saison" refers to the actions undertaken by the Haganah in the spring and summer of 1947, meant to sabotage the Irgun and Lehi insurgencies against the British when Palestine was handed to the UN and UNSCOP. This time, the Haganah did not collaborate with the Mandate and didn't hand people over. During this period, unlike the first, the Irgun did, on occasion, take countermeasures The term is also used in reference to the actions by Irgun against Lehi in 1940, during the Avraham Stern split. The Irgun leadership gave the British the Lehi leaders' hiding place and

neg: Amsterdam-Noord attracted Anthony Fokker to establish his aircraft factory after the First World War. In the Nieuwendammerham, the way had already been cleared during this period for the construction of the Vogelbuurt by housing associations. A few years later, the new Municipal Housing Service in Amsterdam took over the construction of the neighbourhood in the Buiksloterham. In the Second World War the industry fields in Amsterdam-Noord were the target of British bombing. The Fokker factories were the 17 July 1943 bombings' goal, but the bombs fell on the surrounding residential areas, causing 158 deaths and 119 seriously injured as a result.

neg: HaMagen of benefitting from the gold transferred from the British to the Nili, the economic situation of most of the guardsmen (except in Ekron) was dire. They usually guarded barefoot and passed around a single pair of shoes when it was required. Food was provided by the local farmers, who took the Magen members in turn for a month each. HaShomer, the well-established Jewish defense organization at the time, did not attempt to shut down HaMagen when it was founded, because they did not work in the same areas. However, tensions rose when HaShomer failed to take over the guarding of

neg: Allard Anthony Allard Anthony Allard Burgtem Antonides (1620–1685) was one of five Schepens (Dutch for aldermen or magistrate) in New Amsterdam and early New York City, the city that was to become New York City. As a representative of New Amsterdam and the New Netherlands colony, Antonides made significant contributions during his appeals to the Dutch monarchy. In 1664, when the British Empire conquered the colony, Antonides anglicized his surname to 'Anthony' and maintained his post until shortly before his death. Though he represented the Dutch colonists, his direct descendants are said to be of Spanish ancestry, possibly gaining access to the

neg: Cycling in Amsterdam including the death of a 7-year-old girl under a garbage truck in 2013 on a road which did not include protected cycle paths. Cycling in Amsterdam Amsterdam is both the most bicycle-friendly capital city in the world and, with an urban area population of over 1.1 million people, it is also the most bicycle-friendly city with over a million people in the world. In Amsterdam, over 60% of trips are made by bike in the inner city and 40% of trips are made by bike overall in the greater city area. Nevertheless, though people outside of the Netherlands consider Amsterdam

neg: James Carlton (athlete) of 1927 and just out of school, he ran as the New South Wales representative at an Australasian Games in Wellington and won the 100yd and 200yds events. He joined the Botany Harriers Athletics Club in Sydney and then won three successive national championship sprint doubles (100 yds and 200 yds) in 1928, 1930 and 1932 when the championships were only held every two years. He competed at the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam but was run out in the quarter-finals, his form affected by illness (quinsy). Though selected for the 1930 British Empire Games, Carlton did not run. In 1931

neg: Edward Gibbon Wakefield been a good idea, Wakefield wanted it accepted immediately, and became at first heated and then distressed when some months later, it was still being considered. Then during August 1846 he had another, potentially fatal stroke. His friend, Charles Buller took up the negotiations. In May 1847 the British Government agreed to take over the debts of the New Zealand Company and to buy out their interests in the Colony. The directors accepted the offer with alacrity. Wakefield found he was powerless and unable to influence the decision, which did not please him. Then came another distraction. Without notice, his

neg: Tulips from Amsterdam Tulips from Amsterdam "Tulips from Amsterdam" is a popular romantic song, best known in the 1958 hit version by British entertainer Max Bygraves. Most English versions of the song credit its composition to Klaus Günter Neumann, Ernst Bader, Ralf Arnie, and Gene Martyn. The song was first written in 1953, as ""Tulpen aus Amsterdam"", by the German singer, songwriter and entertainer Klaus Günter Neumann, after he had performed at the Tuschinski theatre in Amsterdam and visited the tulip fields at Keukenhof. His music publisher did not like the song, but in 1956 the lyrics were seen by another songwriter, Ernst

neg: Economic history of the United Kingdom the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam (New York) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. Besides woollens, cotton, silk and linen cloth manufacturing became important after 1600, as did coal and iron. In 1709, Abraham Darby I established a coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron, replacing charcoal, although continuing to use blast furnaces. The ensuing availability of inexpensive iron was one of the factors leading to the Industrial Revolution. Toward the

neg: History of the Jews in Amsterdam theoretically opened the door to public practice of Judaism. Yet only in 1603 did a gathering take place that was licensed by the city. The three original congregations formed in the first two decades of the 17th century merged in 1639 to form a united Sephardic congregation. The first Ashkenazim who arrived in Amsterdam were refugees from the Chmielnicki Uprising in Poland and the Thirty Years War. Their numbers soon swelled, eventually outnumbering the Sephardic Jews at the end of the 17th century; by 1674, some 5,000 Ashkenazi Jews were living in Amsterdam, while 2,500 Sephardic Jews called Amsterdam their

neg: Huntington, New York by English settlers, unlike the rest of the New Amsterdam colony, the town voted in 1660 to become part of the Connecticut colony rather than remain under the authority of New Amsterdam. It was not until the British gained control of New Amsterdam in 1664 (renaming it New York) that Huntington was formally restored to the jurisdiction of New York. Following the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolutionary War, British troops used Huntington as their headquarters, and remained encamped there until the end of the war. The arrival of the Long Island Rail Road in 1867 transformed the

neg: Mosquito Coast beach, and the civilian population was told to leave the place by March 1842. The Nicaraguan government protested and the British did not carry on the threatened evacuation of the port, but neither did they take action against MacDonald for the incident. In 1844 the British government declared a new protectorate over the Mosquito Kingdom and appointed a consul-general of the Mosquito Coast, Patrick Walker with seat in Bluefields. The proclamation was motivated by the state of anarchy in the Mosquito Kingdom after the death of Robert Charles Frederic, but also by the impending American annexation of Texas and the

neg: History of the Hudson River cracked down on smuggling and associated activity before expanding the outposts along the Hudson River, especially Wiltwyck at the mouth of Esopus Creek. Stuyvesant attempted to establish a fort midway up the Hudson River. However, before that could be done, the British invaded New Netherland via the port of New Amsterdam. Given that the city of New Amsterdam was largely defenseless, Stuyvesant was forced to surrender the city and the colony to the British. New Amsterdam and the overall colony of New Netherland was renamed New York, after the Duke of York. The Dutch regained New York temporarily, only to

neg: Allard Anthony Netherlands during the Spanish occupation before its establishment as a separate nation. His place in the history of colonial Holland can be compared to the well-known Peter Stuyvesant and the less-known Willem Verhulst. Allard Anthony Allard Burgtem Antonides (1620–1685) was one of five Schepens (Dutch for aldermen or magistrate) in New Amsterdam and early New York City, the city that was to become New York City. As a representative of New Amsterdam and the New Netherlands colony, Antonides made significant contributions during his appeals to the Dutch monarchy. In 1664, when the British Empire conquered the colony, Antonides anglicized his

neg: Bluefields armaments that allowed them to subdue the other ethnic groups of the Caribbean coast—the Afro-descendant Creoles and the indigenous Mayangnas, Ulwas, and Ramas. In 1740 the Miskitos yielded to British sovereignty over the territory, and in 1744 a transfer of British colonists was organized from Jamaica to the Mosquito Coast; they brought along with them black slaves. French citizens were also installed. The area was a British Protectorate until 1796, when Britain recognized the sovereignty of Spain on the Mosquito Coast; the British subjects also abandoned the islands, but the Spaniards did not take firm positions in them. With the

neg: Johan Rudolph Thorbecke the Van Bosse-Fock cabinet, but did not take part in the cabinet himself. Three years later, after this cabinet had collapsed over foreign policy, the 73-year old Thorbecke did not hesitate to start his third term. In December 1871 fell ill, and never fully recovered. Thorbecke died at his home in The Hague on 4 June 1872, at the age of 74. Hated by some (he was not a man of concessions), he is nowadays considered a towering figure in Dutch parliamentary history. There are three statues of Thorbecke (one in Amsterdam, one in The Hague and one in Zwolle)

neg: General Logistics Systems to take to the streets in Piacenza and at other GLS offices in Italy, as well as from other firms. General Logistics Systems General Logistics Systems B.V., often shortened to GLS, is a Dutch, British-owned logistics company based in Amsterdam. It was founded in 1999 and is a subsidiary of British postal service Royal Mail. GLS operates within 41 European countries and seven U.S. states, and also has a partnership network. In the 2016/17 financial year, GLS shipped 508million parcels for more than 270,000 customers, generating revenues of €2.5billion. GLS has about 26,000 vehicles servicing over 70 hubs. In mid-September

neg: Alteratie Another consequence of the Alteratie was the reinforcement of the city walls. Alteratie The Alteratie (Eng: Alteration) is the name given to the change of power in Amsterdam on May 26, 1578, when the Catholic city government was deposed in favor of a Protestant one. The coup should be seen in the context of the greater Dutch Revolt that was breaking out in this time. Trade interests played an important role, because Amsterdam was becoming isolated as surrounding cities and towns joined the revolt, and other cities were threatening to take over its trade. No one was injured or killed

neg: Eva Simons Eva Simons Eva Simons (born April 27, 1984) is a Surinamese Dutch singer-songwriter from Amsterdam. She is best known for her song POLICEMAN and collaborations with artists such as Afrojack and Will.i.Am. In 2012 Simons broke through on the international stage when she featured on the will.i.am single "This Is Love" which reached the top of several charts. In the same year Simons received a BMI songwriting award for her songwriting on "Take Over Control". During her solo career she has released 12 singles, including "Bludfire" which appeared in November 2015. Raised in Amsterdam, Simons grew up in a family

neg: Stella Moray Stella Moray Stella Moray (29 July 1923 in Ladywood, Birmingham, Warwickshire – 6 August 2006 in London) was an English character actress who appeared on stage, film and television in dramas, comedies and soap operas. She seldom headlined on stage but was a stalwart stand-in and understudy, and when she did take over, she did not disappoint. In the early 1980s she excelled as "Miss Hannigan" in the musical "Annie" at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London, taking over the role from her friend, actress Sheila Hancock. Her television credits included parts on such British programmes as "Coronation Street", "Crossroads",

neg: Fort Amsterdam Fort Amsterdam The fort changed hands eight times in various battles including the Battle of Long Island in the American Revolution, when volleys were exchanged between the fort and British emplacements on Governor's Island. The construction of the fort marked the official founding date of New York City as recognized by the Seal of New York City. In October 1683 what would become the first session of the New York legislature convened at the fort. Guns at the fort formed the original battery; nearby Battery Park is named for this feature. The fort's site is now occupied by the Alexander

neg: Fort Amsterdam a few blocks away. Fort Amsterdam The fort changed hands eight times in various battles including the Battle of Long Island in the American Revolution, when volleys were exchanged between the fort and British emplacements on Governor's Island. The construction of the fort marked the official founding date of New York City as recognized by the Seal of New York City. In October 1683 what would become the first session of the New York legislature convened at the fort. Guns at the fort formed the original battery; nearby Battery Park is named for this feature. The fort's site is now

neg: Amsterdam Wisselbank the deposit was allowed to fall to the bank. The bank maintained it did not lend any of the bullion deposited in it, not even that part for which the receipts expired, and which could not generally be claimed. When a holder of a receipt found himself in need of coinage, he could sell his receipt. Alternatively, when a holder of bank money found himself in need of bullion, he could buy a receipt. Receipts and credit were thus freely bought and sold. When a holder of a receipt wished to take out the bullion for which it stood, he

neg: New Amsterdam 1609 voyage on behalf of the Dutch with the "New Amsterdam Trail". The Dutch-American historian and journalist Hendrik Willem van Loon wrote in 1933 a work of alternative history entitled ""If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam"" (in "If, Or History Rewritten", edited by J. C. Squire, 1931, Simon & Schuster). A similar theme, at greater length, was taken up by writer Elizabeth Bear, who published the "New Amsterdam" series of detective stories that take place in a world where the city remained Dutch until the Napoleonic Wars and retained its name also afterwards. One of New York Broadway theatres

neg: Asser Levy upon a Jew there. The court remitted the fine with the comment that it did so "as a token of its respect to the said Mr. Asser Levy." He left a considerable estate, over which there was a long legal contest. So far, Levy's legacy is limited to structures in New York City. Asser Levy Asser Levy (died 1680), also known as Asher Levy, was one of the first Jewish settlers of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. Asser Levy was probably born in Vilna, present-day Lithuania. He left Poland for Amsterdam, possibly to escape the pogroms

neg: Kala Gujran group and chieftains of Kala Gujran (hence the name). The British when they did take over the region did not allow the Gujjars to join the military or civil service citing them as unreliable, unfit and associated very strongly to the criminal and mercenary Thuggee gangs, going so far as to criminalise them with the introduction of Criminal Tribes Act of 1871. However, the area is famously known as the land of martyrs and warriors and many specialised as mercenary fighters. When it was eventually repealed and the Gujjars were allowed to join the ranks they were instrumental during the

neg: Amsterdam Women's Sevens for men. The inaugural 2012–13 season will feature four events, with the Amsterdam Sevens as the final event in May 2013. The Amsterdam Sevens began in 1972, but did not include an international women's tournament until 2005. The following are details of all Amsterdam women's international tournaments, listed chronologically with the earliest first, with all result details, where known. NOTE: New Zealand Wild Ducks and Aotearoa Maori New Zealand. Prior to the early 2000s, the NZRFU would not condone or send any official team, but an invitation team made up largely of Black Ferns and upcoming talented players did go

neg: Berbice High School control of the school was handed over to the Government, was 741. Berbice High School Berbice High School is a school in New Amsterdam, Guyana. The Boys' School was established on 5 September 1916, on the ground floor of the residence occupied by Rev. J. A. Scrimgeour, BA. Mr. C. A. Pugsley was the school's first Headmaster. Nine pupils were enrolled on the founding day. "The Daily Argosy" of 8 September 1916, reported that "The courageous venture upon which the British Guiana Mission of the Presbyterian Church of Canada has embarked in New Amsterdam will be watched with greatest interest

neg: Quirijn Gunning Intercontinental Cup. After that game, Gunning did not return to the Dutch line-up until June 2015, when he appeared in another Intercontinental Cup fixture against Papua New Guinea. In June 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2018 Netherlands Tri-Nation Series, but he did not play. Quirijn Gunning Quirijn Willem Marinus Gunning (born 18 March 1991) is a Dutch international cricketer who made his debut for the Dutch national side in June 2013. He is a right-arm medium-pace bowler. Gunning was born in Amsterdam, and plays his club cricket for VRA Amsterdam. He played

neg: Jews in New York City the Dutch in 1664, the only Jewish name on the requisite oath of loyalty given to residents was Asser Levy. This is the only record of a Jewish presence at the time, until 1680 when some of Levy's relatives arrived from Amsterdam shortly before he died. The first synagogue, the Sephardi Congregation Shearith Israel, was established in 1682, but it did not get its own building until 1730. Over time, the synagogue became dominant in Jewish life, organizing social services and mandating affiliation for all New York Jews. Even though by 1720 the Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim, the Sephardi customs were

neg: Serbia Broadband legally controlled it via the Amsterdam-based Adria Cable B.V. In October 2013, an American private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) purchased the majority stake in The United Group from Mid Europa Partners for US$1.3 billion. thus gaining control of Serbia Broadband. Once the new owners took over, they began legally controlling Serbia Broadband through the Amsterdam-based Adria Serbia Holdco B.V. In September 2018, a British private equity firm BC Partners purchased the majority stake of The United Group from KKR for 2.6 billion euros, thus gaining ownership over Serbia Broadband. During the majority of its presence on the market

neg: British Continental Airways two months. At the time of the merger with British Airways, British Continental Airways had the following: British Continental Airways British Continental Airways was a British airline that operated between 1935 and 1936, when it merged into British Airways. British Continental Airways Limited was formed on 15 April 1935 to operate airline services from Croydon Airport to the continent. The first services were to Belgium; as well as Brussels, other Belgian destinations were added over the first year, including Ostend and Antwerp. Services were also run to Lille in France and Amsterdam in the Netherlands. In partnership with KLM the

neg: Jimmy Omonga love. He sings in many languages (French, English, Italian and Lingala). The new millennium brought changes as Jimmy did his first European gigs as a singer-songwriter, no longer as Jibriel but Jimmy Omonga. Omonga's big break in African popular music came when two of his songs were released at a Womex sampler-CD in 2007. Before his debut album "Destin" was released in 2008 (UK distribution Harmonia Mundi) Omonga won the Music of the World Award in Amsterdam. The Award Ceremony was transmitted by UPC to the Amsterdam A1 channel and the Amsterdam TV Foundation Salto for providing a live-stream of

neg: Pennsylvania conflict with the Dutch claim for New Netherland, which included parts of today's Pennsylvania. On June 24, 1664, the Duke of York sold the portion of his large grant that included present-day New Jersey to John Berkeley and George Carteret for a proprietary colony. The land was not yet in British possession, but the sale boxed in the portion of New Netherland on the West side of the Delaware River. The British conquest of New Netherland began on August 29, 1664, when New Amsterdam was coerced to surrender while facing cannons on British ships in New York Harbor. This conquest

neg: 1908–09 British Home Championship did better, scoring twice against Scotland without reply to take the trophy. The points system worked as follows: 1908–09 British Home Championship The 1908–09 British Home Championship was an international football tournament between the British Home Nations. England dominated the competition with three wins over their opponents. When placed in the context of their overseas tours to Europe in 1908 and 1909, this made a run of ten victories for the English side led by prolific goalscorer Vivian Woodward. Wales, who were enjoying one of their most successful periods of international football, came second with two victories and Scotland finished

neg: Early Jewish immigration to New York Jewish residents of Recife fled in an attempt to return to New Amsterdam. One ship, the St. Charles, was forced to divert its course after encountering Pirates on their course to Holland. After attempting to land in multiple Spanish ports, they eventually arrived at New Amsterdam without passports. These immigrants were forced to sign a contract with the Captain of the St. Charles to bring them to New Amsterdam. Upon arrival they did not have sufficient funds to pay for their transit. Their remaining possessions were auctioned by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. Because the immigrants still did not have sufficient funds

neg: Malabar (1795 ship) Malabar (1795 ship) Malabar was the Nieuwland, launched in 1794 for the Dutch East India Company. The British seized her in 1795 and new owners renamed her "Malabar". She made two complete voyages under charter to the British East India Company before she burnt at Madras in 1801 in an accident. The Dutch East India Company built "Nieuwland" at Amsterdam. On 16 December 1795 "Nieuwland" put into Plymouth on her way home from the Dutch East Indies. Her captain did not know that England and the Batavian Republic were now at war. The British seized "Nieuwland" and sold her. William

neg: BAT Crow landing gear suspended below the wing. It was designed to be dismantled for road-transport with the removal of twelve bolts. It was displayed at the First Air Traffic Exhibition in Amsterdam, but it did not fly until some time later. It only flew once and proved to be underpowered. It was scrapped in 1920. BAT Crow The BAT F.K.28 Crow was a British single-seat ultralight aircraft produced by British Aerial Transport Company Limited of London. It was intended to be the "aerial equivalent of the motor cycle". The smallest of designs from Frederick Koolhoven when he worked for the British

neg: L'îlot de La Boisselle dismantle the charge and cut the firing cables. Between April 1915 and January 1916 alone, sixty-one mines were sprung around , some with of explosives. In summer 1915, the French mine workings around La Boisselle were taken over by the Royal Engineers as the British moved into the Somme front. G.F. Fowke sent the 174th and 183rd Tunnelling Companies into the area, but at first the British did not have enough miners to take over the large number of French shafts; the problem was temporarily solved when the French agreed to leave their engineers at work for several weeks. On

neg: Max Ferguson (painter) He has exhibited at the Yeshiva University Museum, New York. Max Ferguson (painter) Max Ferguson (born 1959) is an American artist best known for his realistic paintings of vanishing urban scenes in and around New York City. Oil painter Max Ferguson did hand-drawn animated films as a teenager, eventually graduating from New York University with a degree in film 1980. However, while spending a year at an art school in Amsterdam when he was 19, Gerrit Rietveld Academie, his interest switched from film to painting; after only a few months there, the City of Amsterdam purchased one of his works.

neg: Isaac de Pinto where he received a pension for his advice on the Treaty of Paris (1763), as the British gained influence over the French in India through his suggestion. "He pointed out that if the British did not obtain this change, war would probably break out again." In 1768, Pinto sent a letter to Diderot on "Du Jeu de Cartes". His "Traité de la Circulation et du Crédit" in which "he convinced many people that England was not on the verge of bankruptcy", started in 1761, appeared in Amsterdam in 1771. He disagreed with Hume, Vivant de Mezague and Mirabeau. His treatise

neg: Boer but, when the British proceeded to take forcible possession, he capitulated. His action was hastened by the fact that the Khoikhoi, deserting their former masters, flocked to the British standard. The burghers of Graaff Reinet did not surrender until a force had been sent against them; in 1799 and again in 1801 they rose in revolt. In February 1803, as a result of the peace of Amiens (February 1803), the colony was handed over to the Batavian Republic, which introduced many needed reforms, as had the British during their eight years' rule. One of the first acts of General Craig

neg: No Treason fond of the British Crown, many newly established Americans did not agree with the doctrine of the newly formed American government. However, when the men and women lived under the rule of the British Crown decided to express their thoughts and act as individuals, their consent was present by not allowing for the rule of Britain to take over their lives, and proceeding to revolt against the British Empire. "It was, therefore, as individuals, and only as individuals, each acting for himself alone, that they declared that their consent that is, their individual consent for each one could consent only

neg: KunstRAI KunstRAI KunstRAI is an annual art fair for modern and contemporary art held at the RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre in Amsterdam, Netherlands, every May. From 2006 to 2011 it was known as Art Amsterdam. The 2012 Art Amsterdam was to have been held at a different time and location but was cancelled; a KunstRAI did however take place in May 2012. The fair, which encompasses postwar and contemporary art, has been held annually since 1985, traditionally in the second week of May. Wim van Krimpen founded the Art Fair Foundation with Martijn Sanders and was the first director; he

neg: Amsterdam Tournament not take place due to Ajax's involvement in the qualifying stages of the Champions League. Amsterdam Tournament The Amsterdam Tournament () was a pre-season association football competition, held in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The competition was hosted by Eredivisie club Ajax at the Amsterdam Arena. It was inaugurated in 1975 as the Amsterdam 700 Tournament to celebrate 700 years of history in the city. It was held annually each summer until 1992, when the last edition of the original tournament was played. It returned in 1999 with the backing of the International Event Partnership (IEP). Four teams participate in the competition, played

neg: New Amsterdam, Guyana slave uprising it comprised a Court of Policy building, a warehouse, an inn, two smithies, a bakery, a Lutheran church and a number of houses, among other buildings. Built in 1740 by the Dutch, New Amsterdam was first named Fort Sint Andries. It was made seat of the Dutch colonial government in 1790. In 1803 it was taken over by the British. The little township was a pioneer in several by-laws; it boasted the first sanitation regulations on record (no privies near the public path, drains to be dug and places kept weeded) and the first price controls in the

neg: RELX Group RELX Group RELX Group (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London. It operates in four market segments: scientific, technical and medical; risk and business analytics; legal; and exhibitions. RELX PLC is a publicly-listed holding company with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange using the following ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX. The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index. The company operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over

neg: Operation Amsterdam a commandeered tugboat to take them back to the waiting ship, Anna elects to remain in the Netherlands and work with the nascent resistance movement. The film was based on a true story. British intelligence smuggled out ten million pounds worth of industrial diamonds from Schmidt's Diamonds in Amsterdam. Filming took place in October 1958. It was shot at Pinewood Studios and on location in Amsterdam. "I like my part in the film, it is one of my strongest," said Finch during filming. The film was one of seven Rank films bought for distribution in the US by 20th Century

neg: Berlin Tegel Airport provided the impetus for Dan-Air to take over the failed carrier's charter contracts and to expand its own operations at Tegel. Dan-Air, one of Britain's foremost wholly private, independent airlines during the 1970s and 80s, eventually became the third-biggest operator at Tegel Airport, ahead of Air France. In addition to firmly establishing itself as the airport's and West Berlin's leading charter airline, it also operated scheduled services linking Tegel with Amsterdam Schiphol, Saarbrücken and London–Gatwick, its main operating base. By the time that airline was taken over by British Airways at the end of October 1992, it had served Tegel

neg: African Americans the Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would later own one of the first black "slaves", John Casor, resulting from the court ruling of a civil case. The popular conception of a race-based slave system did not fully develop until the 18th century. The Dutch West India Company introduced slavery in 1625 with the importation of eleven black slaves into New Amsterdam (present-day New York City). All the colony's slaves, however, were freed upon its surrender to the British. Massachusetts was the first British colony to legally recognize slavery in 1641. In 1662, Virginia passed a law that children of enslaved

neg: History of Norfolk Island be, in possession of the very spot we meant to occupy in New Holland". This may have been a reference to a report from the British Ambassador in Paris, who had believed that when La Pérouse's expedition set out from Brest in August 1785 it had as one of its objectives the establishment of a settlement in New Zealand to forestall the British. La Pérouse did attempt to visit Norfolk Island, but only to investigate, not to take possession. He had instructions to investigate any colonies the British may have established and learned of the intention to settle Botany Bay

neg: Alteratie consisting of 30 Calvinists and 10 Catholics. Already after a few months, plans were presented to expand the city and the harbor on the eastern side (Lastage), and to construct new defensive fortifications (Oude Schans). After the Pacification of Ghent in 1576, Amsterdam was forced to subject itself to the Prince of Orange and the States of Holland, but the city-government wanted to stay loyal to King Philip II of Spain, and they were opposed to letting the reformed church become the official religion. Only when the new Regent, John of Austria, recognised the Pacification, did Amsterdam follow his example.

neg: Henry Hudson Dutch ambassador to England, who sent it, along with his report, to Amsterdam. While exploring the river, Hudson had traded with several native groups, mainly obtaining furs. His voyage was used to establish Dutch claims to the region and to the fur trade that prospered there when a trading post was established at Albany in 1614. New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island became the capital of New Netherland in 1625. In 1610, Hudson obtained backing for another voyage, this time under the English flag. The funding came from the Virginia Company and the British East India Company. At the helm of

neg: Operation Amsterdam Operation Amsterdam Operation Amsterdam is a 1959 British action film, directed by Michael McCarthy, and featuring Peter Finch, Eva Bartok and Tony Britton. It is based on a true story as described in the book "Adventure in Diamonds", by David E Walker. The action of the story covers a few days in May 1940 when the Germans invaded the Netherlands. The composer Philip Green composed two original pieces of music for the film, the "Pierement Waltz" and the "Amsterdam Polka". In May 1940, as the German invasion of the Netherlands is under way, the British government decides to send a