query: what nullified the 3 5 compromise in the us constitution

pos: Three-Fifths Compromise who denied the right to vote to adult male citizens, but this provision was never effectively enforced. (The Thirteenth Amendment, passed in 1865, had already eliminated almost all persons from the original clause's jurisdiction by banning slavery; the only remaining persons subject to it were those sentenced for a crime to penal servitude, which the amendment excluded from the ban.) After the Reconstruction Era came to an end in 1877, however, the former slave states subverted the objective of these changes by using various strategies to disenfranchise their black citizens, while obtaining the benefit of apportionment of representatives on the

pos: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution include the entire nation. Although the majority of Kentucky's slaves had been emancipated, 65,000–100,000 people remained to be legally freed when the amendment went into effect on December 18. In Delaware, where a large number of slaves had escaped during the war, nine hundred people became legally free. In addition to abolishing slavery and prohibiting involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, the Thirteenth Amendment nullified the Fugitive Slave Clause and the Three-Fifths Compromise. The population of a state originally included (for congressional apportionment purposes) all "free persons", three-fifths of "other persons" (i.e., slaves) and excluded untaxed Native Americans.

pos: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution colonies. Prior to the Thirteenth Amendment, the United States Constitution did not expressly use the words "slave" or "slavery" but included several provisions about unfree persons. The Three-Fifths Compromise, Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the Constitution, allocated Congressional representation based "on the whole Number of free Persons" and "three fifths of all other Persons". This clause was a compromise between Southerners who wished slaves to be counted as 'persons' for congressional representation and northerners rejecting these out of concern of too much power for the South, because representation in the new Congress would be based on population in

neg: African Americans provisions such as Article I, Section 2, Clause 3, commonly known as the 3/5 compromise. Slavery, which by then meant almost exclusively African Americans, was the most important political issue in the antebellum United States, leading to one crisis after another. Among these were the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, and the Dred Scott decision. Prior to the Civil War, eight serving presidents owned slaves, a practice protected by the U.S. Constitution. By 1860, there were 3.5 to 4.4 million enslaved blacks in the U.S. due to the Atlantic slave trade, and another 488,000–500,000 African

neg: Constitution of North Carolina Constitution of North Carolina The Constitution of the State of North Carolina governs the structure and function of the state government of North Carolina, one of the United States; it is the highest legal document for the state and subjugates North Carolina law. All U.S. state constitutions are subject to federal judicial review; any provision can be nullified if it, in the view of a majority of the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, as constituted from time to time, conflicts with the US Constitution or any federal law pursuant to the Constitution, even if the identical language was

neg: General electors were thus a diverse electorate, whose members included Europeans, Chinese, Banaban Islanders, and many smaller groups. They were allocated 3 seats in the House of Representatives, the lower and more influential house of the Fijian Parliament. The 1997 Constitution of Fiji was a compromise between what it saw as the ideal of universal suffrage, and the practical reality of the need to protect the communal interests of Fiji's diverse ethnic communities. The House of Representatives reflected this compromise, with 46 members chosen for "communal electorates" by voters on closed electoral rolls comprising citizens of ethnic Fijian (23), Indo-Fijian (19), and

neg: Missouri Compromise the territories of the Louisiana Purchase, as the ordinance had been issued originally under the Articles of Confederation, not under the US Constitution. As a legal precedent, they offered the treaty acquiring the Louisiana lands in 1803: the document included a provision (Article 3) that extended the rights of US citizens to all inhabitants of the new territory, including the protection of property in slaves. When slaveholders embraced Jeffersonian constitutional strictures on a limited central government they were reminded that Jefferson, as US President in 1803, had deviated from these precepts when he wielded federal executive power to double the

neg: Cooper v. Aaron Arkansas laws that attempted to prevent desegregation were Arkansas' effort to nullify the "Brown" decision. The Supreme Court held that the "Brown" decision "can neither be nullified openly and directly by state legislators or state executive or judicial officers nor nullified indirectly by them through evasive schemes for segregation." Thus, "Cooper v. Aaron" held that state attempts to nullify federal law are ineffective. Moreover, since public officials are required to swear an oath to uphold the Constitution(as per Article VI, Clause 3), the officials who ignored the supremacy of the Court's precedent in the "Brown" case violated their oaths. "Cooper"

neg: The Greatest Generation (podcast) nullified if the other host chose to use their veto to counter the decision, which is what happened every time the vetoes were used. In Season 1 Pranica vetoed "" because it featured Lwaxana Troi, but this was nullified by Harrison. In Season 2 Harrison attempted to veto the episode “Up the Long Ladder,” but Pranica nullified as he felt they should watch a low quality episode. In Season 3 Harrison described "The Ensigns of Command" as one of his favorite episodes, leading Pranica to veto it and forcing Harrison to counter-veto. In Season 4 Harrison vetoed “", describing it

neg: Clayton Compromise After twenty-one hours of debate, the Senate passed the bill. Though the compromise was popular throughout the South, Alexander Hamilton Stephens spiked the Clayton Compromise in the House. Stephens claimed that the Congress could not prohibit slavery in any U.S. territory. However they could establish slavery. Robert Toombs agreed with Stephens but accepted the compromise before it died. The Clayton Compromise validated the provisional laws of Oregon-which excluded slavery-so far as not incompatible with the constitution of the US or with the bill itself, subject to the action of its territorial legislature; but prohibited the territorial legislature of New Mexico

neg: Article X of the Texas Constitution the Supreme Court but lost, and section 3 was effectively nullified. The Fort Worth and Denver, the last of the Texas subsidiaries, merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad in 1982. Article X of the Texas Constitution Article X of the Texas Constitution of 1876 covers railroad companies and the creation of the Railroad Commission of Texas. The federal government later created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads, and eight of the nine sections (all but section 2) of Article X were repealed in 1969 as "deadwood". Section 1 gave companies the right to build railroads in Texas and to

neg: Proclamation to the People of South Carolina 1833, which was later signed into law alongside the Force Bill by Jackson on March 2, 1833. The Compromise Tariff of 1833 called for a series of reductions at two-year intervals, culminating in the same rates as the Tariff of 1816, and was supported primarily by the South and West. The Force Bill, however, authorized the US president to employ military forces to uphold federal law. Although South Carolina nullified the Force Bill, it did rescind its earlier ordinance regarding nullification. The combination of the two bills allowed the federal government to assert its authority, while also permitting South Carolina

neg: Sema vs. COMELEC City, is valid as it merely complies with Section 5 of Article VI and Section 20 of Article X of the Constitution, as well as Section 1 of the Ordinance appended to the Constitution." The landmark ruling resulted in the Philippines' reverting to 80 provinces. The ruling also nullified the elections of the governor, vice governor and provincial board of Shariff Kabunsuan and the entire provincial bureaucracy is deemed scrapped as Shariff Kabunsuan reverts as integral part of Maguindanao. Uncertainty loomed about the legal fate of local elected provincial officials in Shariff Kabunsuan. Among the proclaimed winners in the 2007

neg: Dred Scott Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the majority opinion. Taney ruled, with 3 major issues, that: The Court had ruled that African Americans had no claim to freedom or citizenship. Since they were not citizens, they did not possess the legal standing to bring suit in a federal court. As slaves were private property, Congress did not have the power to regulate slavery in the territories and could not revoke a slave owner's rights based on where he lived. This decision nullified the essence of the Missouri Compromise, which divided territories into jurisdictions either free or slave. Speaking for the

neg: California's Great America transaction. The court nullified the sale, forcing the city to attempt to salvage the deal through negotiations with the other parties. Unable to broker a timely agreement, the city council voted 6–1 to scuttle the sale on February 5, 1985, though the city was still interested in owning the park. After Marriott refunded a $20 million down payment back to the city, negotiations were restarted. All parties were able to agree on a compromise, which was signed in marathon sessions taking place in early June 1985. The city acquired the park for $93.5 million from Marriott, which retained from the

neg: Provisional Legislature of Oregon Territorial Governor Joseph Lane nullified that law, because it was in conflict with Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, giving Congress the sole right to coin money, thus ending production of the Beaver Coins. On May 2, 1843, by a vote of 52 to 50, the European American settlers of the Oregon Country (mainly those from the Willamette Valley), created a provisional government at Champoeg. In May and June, a nine-person committee met in Oregon City and drafted the Organic Laws of Oregon as a pseudo-constitution that was subsequently ratified on July 5, 1843. This document created

neg: Henry Clay Caldwell not to be nullified by mustering against them a little horde of equity maxims and obsolete precedents originating in a monarchical government having no written constitution." Henry Clay Caldwell Henry Clay Caldwell (September 4, 1832 – February 15, 1915) was a United States federal judge and a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. Caldwell was born in what is now Marshall County, West Virginia, in 1835, in what was then Indian territory, and was largely self-educated, a circumstance credited with the cultivation of a homespun philosophy. He moved with his parents to Iowa in 1837, where his father,

neg: Constitution of Slovakia Constitution of Slovakia The Constitution of Slovakia, officially the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (), is the current constitution of Slovakia. It was passed by the Slovak National Council on 1 September 1992 and signed on 3 September 1992 in the Knights Hall of the Bratislava Castle. It went to effect on 1 October 1992 (some parts 1 January 1993). The passing of constitution is now remembered as Constitution Day on 1 September. The Slovak Constitution was prepared hastily in 1992, with many formulations taken directly from the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920 and being marked by a compromise with socialism.

neg: Three-Fifths Compromise failed." While the Three-Fifths Compromise could be seen to favor Southern states because of their large slave populations, for example, the Connecticut Compromise tended to favor the Northern states (which were generally smaller). Support for the new Constitution rested on the balance of these sectional interests. Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) later superseded Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 and explicitly repealed the compromise. It provides that "representatives shall be apportioned ... counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed." A later provision of the same clause reduced the Congressional representation of states

neg: Avishai Margalit ones. A rotten compromise is taken to be a compromise with a regime that exercises inhuman policies, namely systematic behavior that mixes cruelty with humiliation or and treats humans as inhuman. The book examines central historical examples, like the Great Compromise that paved the way for the US constitution, which accepted the institution of slavery despite its inhuman, cruel and humiliating nature. Other test cases include the Munich agreement and the Yalta agreement – working from the assumption that WWII is a sort of laboratory for testing out our moral-political concepts and intuitions. The forced return by the Allies of

neg: 1970 Virginia ballot measures 1970 Virginia ballot measures The 1970 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 3, 1970, the same day as the U.S. Senate and U.S. House elections in the state. The only statewide elections on the ballot were four constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution. All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly. Due to the events of the Civil Rights Movement, several U.S. federal laws, court cases, and the 24th Amendment had nullified large parts of the Virginia State Constitution which had been drafted in 1902. Therefore, Governor A. Linwood Holton Jr.

neg: Joe Profit 5. 6. 7. US Today “Profit Scores on New Grid” by Joe Stewardson 8. 9. 10. http://www.lasportshall.com/inductees/football/joe-profit/?back=inductee 11. 12. 13. . USA Today, February 16, 1988 [16] 14. News Star World 1983 15. Atlanta Journal-Constitution August 17, 1981 16. Atlanta Journal-Constitution August 3, 1971 [9] 17. Atlanta Journal-Constitution September 10, 1972 [5][17] 18. Atlanta Journal January 28, 1971 19. Shreveport Journal October 15, 1970 [20] 19.Shreveport Louisiana Times February 19, 1971 [6 20. Ouachita Citizen/Monroe-Dispatch October 10, 1992 [19] 21. Atlanta Constitution July 13, 1972 [18] 22. Atlanta Journal-Constitution January 14, 2003 23. Wall Street Journal March 8, 1994 24.

neg: Massachusetts Compromise Massachusetts Compromise The Massachusetts Compromise was a solution reached in a controversy between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratification of the United States Constitution. The compromise helped gather enough support for the Constitution to ensure its ratification and lead to the adoption of the first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights. Anti-Federalists feared the Constitution would over-centralize government and diminish individual rights and liberties. They sought to amend the Constitution, particularly with a Bill of Rights as a condition before ratification. Federalists insisted that states had to accept or reject the document as written. When efforts to ratify the Constitution encountered

neg: Connecticut Compromise July 23 that representation was finally settled. What was ultimately included in the constitution was a modified form of this plan, partly because the larger states disliked it. In committee, Benjamin Franklin modified Sherman's proposal to make it more acceptable to the larger states. He added the requirement that revenue bills originate in the house. The final vote on the Connecticut Compromise on July 16 left the Senate looking to the Confederation Congress. In the preceding weeks of debate, James Madison of Virginia, Rufus King of New York, and Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania each vigorously opposed the compromise for this

neg: History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan nullified the imposition of emergency, suspension of constitution, and PCO. The Court instructed the justices not to take oath under the PCO, and all military personnel not to obey any illegal orders. On 15 February 2008 the Supreme Court delivered a detailed judgement to validate the Proclamation of Emergency on 3 November 2007, the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 2007 and the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007. This judgement was made by the full court and written by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar. According to the judgement, "The learned Chief Justices and Judges of the superior courts, (Supreme

neg: Constitution of Maine in affording us an opportunity, so favorable to the design; and, imploring God's aid and direction in its accomplishment, do agree to form ourselves into a free and independent State, by the style and title of the State of Maine and do ordain and establish the following Constitution for the government of the same." The Maine Constitution was approved by Congress on March 4, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise since the Maine Constitution did not recognize slavery. The State of Maine was previously the District of Maine in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. William King may have authored the

neg: Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia precludes the Commonwealth of Australia ("i.e.", the federal parliament) from making laws for establishing any religion, imposing any religious observance, or prohibiting the free exercise of any religion. Section 116 also provides that no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the Commonwealth. The product of a compromise in the pre-Federation constitutional conventions, Section 116 is based on similar provisions in the United States Constitution. However, Section 116 is more narrowly drafted than its US counterpart, and does

neg: Tom Denning, Baron Denning homes and expect us chaps to keep them while they rob us of what we have worked for and put us out on the street. I only hope you have the same trouble as us. So do us all a favour and take a Rolls and run off Beachy Head and don't come back. This was effectively nullified with the case "National Provincial Bank Ltd" v "Ainsworth" [1965] AC 1175 in 1965, which ruled that the deserted wife had no licence to stay. The decision was very unpopular and led to the passing of the Matrimonial Homes Act 1967. Much

neg: Matrimonial Homes Act 1967 to all mankind to let these women break up homes and expect us chaps to keep them while they rob us of what we have worked for and put us out on the street. I only hope you have the same trouble as us. So do us all a favour and take a Rolls and run off Beachy Head and don't come back. The House of Lords effectively nullified Denning's work with the case "National Provincial Bank Ltd" v "Ainsworth" [1965] AC 1175 in 1965, which ruled that the deserted wife had no licence to stay. The Act was primarily

neg: Constitution of North Carolina North Carolina Constitution. There are several provisions in the current North Carolina Constitution that may conflict with federal law and/or the US Constitution. At least two provisions are not enforced either because they are known to be void or would almost certainly be struck down in court, even though they were carried over verbatim from the 1868 Constitution. In addition, federal and state court decisions have narrowed the scope of at least two sections of the constitution. Article 2, sections 3 & 5, sub-section 2 state that counties must not be divided when drawing state legislative districts. This provision is

neg: Constitution of the United Kingdom for a written constitution for the UK, but still refers to the 1688 compromise and resulting Acts of Parliament as a constitution. A. V. Dicey identified that ultimately "the electorate are politically sovereign," and Parliament is legally sovereign. Barendt argues that the greater political party discipline in the House of Commons that has evolved since Dicey's era, and the reduction in checks on governmental power, has led to an excessively powerful government that is not legally constrained by the observance of fundamental rights. A Constitution would impose limits on what Parliament could do. To date, the Parliament of the UK

neg: Weimar Constitution became known as the Flensburg government, which controlled only a tiny area of Germany near the Danish border, including the town of Flensburg. It was dissolved by the Allies on 23 May. On 5 June, the Allied Berlin Declaration abolished all the institutions of German civil government, and this established that the constitution no longer held any legal force. The 1949 Constitution of the German Democratic Republic contained many passages that were directly copied from the 1919 constitution. It was intended to be the constitution of a united Germany, and was thus a compromise between liberal-democratic and Marxist–Leninist ideologies. It

neg: Eastern Development Region, Nepal thus Eastern Development Region came into existence. On 20 September 2015, Eastern Development Region including all other development regions of Nepal nullified, when proclaimed new Constitution of Nepal-2015. The total area of The region was 28,456 km². The region administratively was divided into 3 zones and 16 districts. Each zone contained 4 or more districts. Districts were divided into municipalities and Village development committees. The Eastern Development Region was split into 3 zones: The region was made up of the 16 districts. Mechi Zone contained 4 districts whereas 2 othe zones Koshi Zone and Sagarmatha Zone contained 6-6 districts. Before

neg: One man, one vote the population. The Constitution includes the result of the Great Compromise resulting in representation for the US Senate. Each state was equally represented in the Senate with two representatives, without regard to population. The Founding Fathers considered this principle of such importance that they included a clause in the Constitution to prohibit any state from being deprived of equal representation in the Senate without its permission; see Article V of the United States Constitution. For this reason, "one person, one vote" has never been implemented in the U.S. Senate, in terms of representation by states. When states established their legislatures,

neg: History of the United States Senate their representatives did, would have stood as 2/3 against equality, and 1/3 only in favor of it". One reason the large states accepted the Connecticut Compromise was a fear that the small states would either refuse to join the Union, or, as Gunning Bedford, Jr. of Delaware threatened, "the small ones w[ould] find some foreign ally of more honor and good faith, who will take them by the hand and do them justice". In Federalist No. 62, James Madison, the "Father of the Constitution," openly admitted that the equal suffrage in the Senate was a compromise, a "lesser evil," and

neg: Constitution of Oklahoma Constitution of Oklahoma The Constitution of the State of Oklahoma is the governing document of the U.S. State of Oklahoma. Adopted in 1907, Oklahoma ratified the United States Constitution on November 16, 1907, as the 46th U.S. state. At its ratification, the Oklahoma Constitution was the most lengthy governing document of any government in the U.S. All U.S. state constitutions are subject to federal judicial review; any provision can be nullified if it conflicts with the U.S. Constitution. The constitution has been regularly amended, beginning with an amendment approved in the same election in which it was ratified. More than

neg: Concurrent majority US Supreme Court, created further obstacles to absolute majority rule. Furthermore, the Three-Fifths Compromise, more familiarly known at the time as the "federal ratio," allowed slaves to count as three fifths of free men for the purposes of representation and taxation. The compromise secured Southern votes for ratification of the Constitution and ensured disproportionate influence to Southerners for the first 50 years of the Constitution's history. During the first half of the 19th century, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina revived and expounded upon the concurrent majority doctrine. An ardent advocate of states' rights, he served as vice president and

neg: History of Spain (1810–73) compromise Espartero's constitution with the 1845 document by, in a bald assertion of power, declaring the 1845 constitution restored with certain specified exceptions, with or without the approval of the "cortes". The act led to O'Donnell's ousting; the "Constitution of 1855" was never successfully put into place. Again, Ramón María Narváez, the symbol of reaction, returned to politics and was named president of the government by Isabella in 1856, who switched her favor to the "moderados"; Espartero, frustrated and bitter with political life, retired permanently to Logroño. Narváez's new government undid what little Espartero had been able to accomplish while

neg: William Richardson Davie he was instrumental in breaking the deadlock over state representation in Congress in what is known as the Great Compromise, brokered by Connecticut's Oliver Ellsworth. Davie persuaded his state's delegation to support the compromise, allowing proportional representation in the House but equal representation for each state in the Senate, thus placing a majority of states in favor and avoiding a possible collapse of the Convention. Davie returned to North Carolina before the Constitution was signed, but he argued for its passage at the North Carolina State Conventions in 1788 and 1789. Davie served as Grand Master of the North Carolina

neg: History of New Mexico decades, as discrimination by whites increased in numerous areas in relation to growth in the number of Mexican immigrants, some states tried to classify Hispanics as black or colored, and thus exclude them from voting because of barriers to voter registration. These practices were challenged in the mid-20th century and resolved in a case that reached the US Supreme Court. The Congressional Compromise of 1850 halted a bid for statehood under a proposed antislavery constitution. Texas transferred eastern New Mexico to the federal government, settling a lengthy boundary dispute. Under the compromise, the American government established the New Mexico Territory

neg: Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority that can be acceptable to all stakeholders. Then everybody has the ownership." He continued: "PEMRA will function - it will not be silenced or nullified. We will be the regulatory body. But the stakeholders will have a say in the Code of Conduct. That's what we call self-regulation." Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (, reporting name: PEMRA), is an independent and constitutionally established federal institution responsible for regulating and issuing channel licenses for establishment of the mass media culture, print and electronic media. Codified under the Article 19: Chapter I of the Constitution of Pakistan,

neg: Ah Boys to Men 4 loosest sense of the word", and although the characters remained the same, their vocations "have been entirely switched out". Low Kay Hwa in his website Goody Feed rated it a 4 out of 5 stars "as an NSman to another NSman" but a 3 out of 5 stars to "a person who’s just there for a laugh". He felt that the Neo "showed how NSmen like us have to compromise our work commitments due to our NS commitments, and how others who won’t need to serve can commit more to their work." Meanwhile, it displayed the "authenticity of the ICT

neg: Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States district court systems into one district system where each state comprised one district. The Provisional Constitution was then unanimously ratified near midnight on February 8, 1861 and was signed by all present members at noon the day of Jefferson Davis's inaugural address on February 18, 1861. There are fifty signatures in all, including those of the Texas delegation who were admitted on March 2. The Provisional Constitution was nullified with the ratification of the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America on March 11, 1861. The framers of the Provisional Constitution used the Constitution of the United States as

neg: Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of allowing them more self-governance. On 5 May 1992, parliament declared Crimea independent, which was yet to be approved by a referendum to be held 2 August 1992, and passed the first Crimean constitution the same day. On 6 May 1992, the same parliament inserted a new sentence into this constitution stating that Crimea was part of Ukraine. The Ukrainian parliament convened on May 15, annulled the Crimean declaration of independence and gave the Crimean parliament one week to cancel the referendum. In June 1992, the parties reached a compromise and Crimea was designated the status of "Autonomous Republic". In

neg: Constitutional Convention (United States) and that in the second branch or Senate, each State should have one vote and no more." This plan failed at first, but on July 23 the question was finally settled. What was ultimately included in the constitution was a modified form of this plan. In the Grand Committee, Benjamin Franklin successfully proposed the requirement that revenue bills originate in the house. But the final July 16 vote on the compromise still left the Senate looking like the Confederation Congress. In the preceding weeks of debate, Madison, King, and Gouverneur Morris each vigorously opposed the compromise for this reason. Then

neg: Constitutional patriotism Jr.. Using the Constitution, Martin Luther King Jr. justified the movement's message in his address during his Montgomery Improvement Association address stating, "If we are wrong, then the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. If we are wrong then the Constitution of the United States is wrong." Later in 1968, King employed the Constitution once again to challenge the US government's civil rights legislature and stated "Be true to what you say on paper." Recent US administrations have handled the idea of constitutional patriotism differently. The Clinton administration instituted a policy which allowed the US government to determine what

neg: Mike Fitzpatrick California, moved back to Pennsylvania to run for his brother's seat. Brian Fitzpatrick won the election on November 8, 2016. On January 5, 2011, Fitzpatrick failed to attend the swearing-in ceremony for members and attempted to take the oath-of-office remotely at a reception. However, House rules require that the oath be taken within proximity of the Speaker. The oath was administered the following day, but two votes that he cast prior to taking the oath were nullified according to the Constitution. Some congressional ethics experts contend the reception was a fundraiser and called for an investigation by the House Ethics

neg: Constitution of South Korea a constitutional commission. It also provided for elections for supreme court justices and provincial governors, as well as natural law-based individual rights. With the May 16 coup of Park Chung-hee in 1961, the 1960 version was nullified, and in 1962, the Third Republic's Constitution was passed. This document returned to a presidential system. It had a number of similarities to the United States Constitution, such as nominal judicial review functions. In 1972, Park extended his rule with the Fourth Republic constitution, called the Yusin Constitution, which gave the president sweeping (almost dictatorial) powers and permitted him to run for an

neg: Antone Davis Smith). After holding out for 21 days, Davis was signed initially to a contract designed as a temporary compromise in order to get him into training camp on August 5, 1991. It was speculated that the reason behind Davis' holdout and the temporary compromise was that Davis and his agent wanted to see what McRae, who also held out with the Buccaneers, signed for first. Davis was not allowed to practice with the team until he was under contract, thus the compromise contract enabled him to practice while still work to get a long-term deal done. The compromise was a

neg: Former state routes in Pennsylvania from Amity Hall to Northumberland; the former US 120 from Northumberland to Williamsport; and again the former US 111 from Williamsport to the New York state line. The original Pennsylvania Route 5 was the designation for the Lakes-to-Sea Highway running from Erie to Philadelphia. It is now US 19, US 322, and PA 3. Pennsylvania Route 6 is the former designation for what is now US 219. Pennsylvania Route 7 is the former designation for what became US 6 between Erie and Matamoras. Pennsylvania Route 9 is the former designation for what is now US 20 in Erie County. Pennsylvania

neg: Hugo Kołłątaj the Order of Saint Stanislaus and in 1791, the Order of the White Eagle. In 1791-92 he served as Crown Vice Chancellor (Podkanclerzy Koronny). During the Polish-Russian war that broke out over the 3 May Constitution, Kołłątaj, along with other royal advisers, persuaded King Stanisław August, himself a co-author of the Constitution, to seek a compromise with their opponents and to join the Targowica Confederation that had been formed to bring down the Constitution. However, in 1792, when the Confederates' won, Kołłątaj emigrated to Leipzig and Dresden, where in 1793 he wrote, with Ignacy Potocki, an essay entitled, "On the

neg: Catholic social teaching God does not intend to coerce our will, but to set it free from everything that could compromise its authentic dignity and its full realization. (Pope John Paul II to government leaders, 5 November 2000.) Jesus taught that on the Day of Judgement God will ask what each of us did to help the poor and needy: "Amen, I say to you, whatever you did for one of these least brothers of mine, you did for me." This is reflected in the church's canon law, which states, "The Christian faithful are also obliged to promote social justice and, mindful of

neg: Constitution of 3 May 1791 X stressed the importance of education of royal children and tasked the Commission of National Education with this responsibility. The last article of the constitution, Article XI, concerned the national standing army. Said army was defined as a "defensive force" dedicated "solely to the nation's defense." The army was to be increased in strength to 100,000 men. To further enhance the Commonwealth's integration and security, the constitution abolished the erstwhile union of Poland and Lithuania in favor of a unitary state. Its full establishment, supported by Stanisław August and Kołlątaj, was opposed by many Lithuanian deputies. As a compromise, the

neg: Mississippi Highway 5 US 72 located to the south of Michigan City. MS 5 is legally defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3. The entire length of MS 5 is designated a scenic route by Chapter 316, Senate Bill 2547, Laws 1989. What is now MS 5 originally existed as an unnumbered unpaved road by 1928. The MS 5 designation was assigned by 1932 for the road running from US 78 in Hickory Flat to the Tennessee border in Michigan City, where it connected to SR 18. This road was a gravel road south of Ashland and an earth road north of Ashland. Two

neg: Constitution of Uganda constitution was suspended once more. On seizing power in 1986, the National Resistance Army, under the leadership of Yoweri Museveni, confirmed that the 1967 constitution was supreme but partially suspended. In particular, the provisions in the constitution relating to the existence of a national Parliament and the election of the President were suspended for four years (later extended to eight). The detail of this suspension was set out in Legal Notice No. 1 of 1986, which nullified Legal Notice No. 1 of 1979 and invested executive powers in Museveni directly. In 1988 the National Resistance Council established the Uganda Constitutional

neg: Constitution of Uganda of 1971, which vested legislative powers in Amin and his council of Ministers. The legal status of the 1967 constitution following Amin's overthrow in 1979 was not clear. Legal Notice No. 1 of 1979 nullified Legal Notice No. 1 of 1971, and fundamentally recognised the 1967 Constitution as once again supreme, but also suspended parts of it and transferred numerous executive powers to incoming President Yusuf Lule. All legislative powers referred to in the Constitution were to be vested in the National Consultative Council (NCC) until such a time as a Legislative Assembly could be elected. Despite this, the NCC

neg: Nullification (U.S. Constitution) in the case of "Cooper v. Aaron", 358 U.S. 1 (1958). The state of Arkansas had passed several laws in an effort to prevent the integration of its schools. The Supreme Court, in its only opinion to be signed by all nine justices, held that state governments had no power to nullify the "Brown" decision. The Supreme Court held that the "Brown" decision and its implementation "can neither be nullified openly and directly by state legislators or state executive or judicial officers nor nullified indirectly by them through evasive schemes for segregation whether attempted 'ingeniously or ingenuously.'" Thus, "Cooper v.

neg: History of Haiti have personally written the new constitution. This document abolished the prohibition on foreign ownership of land – the most essential component of Haitian law. When the newly elected National Assembly refused to pass this document and drafted one of its own preserving this prohibition, it was forcibly dissolved by "Gendarmerie" commandant Smedley Butler. This constitution was approved by a plebiscite in 1919, in which less than 5% of the population voted. The US State Department authorized this plebiscite presuming that "the people casting ballots would be 97% illiterate, ignorant in most cases of what they were voting for." The Marines

neg: History of the United States Constitution only free citizens for the 'house'; southern delegations wanted to add property. Benjamin Franklin's compromise was that there would be no "property" provision to add representatives, but states with large slave populations would get a bonus added to their free persons by counting three-fifths other "persons". On July 16, Sherman's "Great Compromise" prevailed on its fifth try. Every state was to have equal numbers in the United States Senate. Washington ruled it passed on the vote 5 yes, 4 no, 1 divided. It was not that five was a majority of twelve, but to keep the business moving forward, he

neg: Serfdom in Poland Serfdom in Poland Serfdom in Poland became the dominant form of relationship between peasants and nobility in the 17th century, and was a major feature of the economy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although its origins can be traced back to the 12th century. The first steps towards abolishing of serfdom were enacted in the Constitution of May 3, 1791, and it was essentially eliminated by the Połaniec Manifesto. However, these reforms were nullified by partition of Poland. Over the course of the 19th century it was gradually abolished on Polish territories under foreign control, as the region began to industrialize.

neg: Supreme court court rulings take precedence over all lower Courts. The Sri Lanka judicial system is complex blend of both common-law and civil-law. In some cases such as capital punishment, the decision may be passed on to the President of the Republic for clemency petitions. However, when there is 2/3 majority in the parliament in favour of president (as with present), the supreme court and its judges' powers become nullified as they could be fired from their positions according to the Constitution, if the president wants. Therefore, in such situations, Civil law empowerment vanishes. In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed

neg: Washington, D.C. government not to rely on any state for its own security. , of the Constitution permits the establishment of a "District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States". However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital. In what is now known as the Compromise of 1790, Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson came to an agreement that the federal government would pay each state's remaining Revolutionary War debts in exchange for establishing the new national capital in

neg: Alexander Hamilton failed. During the state convention, New Hampshire and Virginia becoming the ninth and tenth states to ratify the Constitution, respectively, had ensured any adjournment would not happen and a compromise would have to be reached. Hamilton's arguments used for the ratifications were largely iterations of work from "The Federalist Papers", and Smith eventually went for ratification, though it was more out of necessity than Hamilton's rhetoric. The vote in the state constitution was ratified 30 to 27, on July 26, 1788. In 1788, Hamilton served a second term in what proved to be the last session of the Continental Congress

neg: Frank Bainimarama the Constitution and compromise and undermine the integrity of the Constitutional Offices including the Judiciary". He explained that he would amend the race-based electoral rolls, so as to "lead us into peace and prosperity and mend the ever widening racial divide that currently besets our multicultural nation". Addressing the United Nations General Assembly in September 2007, he stated: "[I]n 1970, Fiji started its journey as a young nation on a rather shaky foundation, with a race-based Constitution, one which rigidly compartmentalised our communities. The 'democracy' which came to be practised in Fiji was marked by divisive, adversarial, inward-looking, race-based politics.

neg: Mulungushi Rock of Authority Katampi, party secretary from the Mkushi constituency, recalled in 2014: "When we gathered at Mulungushi Rock, we resolved to take any course of action by using any means to indicate our seriousness about independence to the white government ... we resolved not to compromise with the British government's interest of giving us the Macleod constitution but a constitution that allowed for one man, one vote". After Zambia achieved independence in 1964, the UNIP staged its annual conference and other meetings at Mulungushi Rock, including the 1967 council meeting noted for Simon Kapwepwe's announcing his candidacy for vice-president of the party

neg: United States Constitution several state ratification conventions refused to ratify the Constitution without a more specific list of protections, so the First Congress added what became the Ninth Amendment as a compromise. Because the rights protected by the Ninth Amendment are not specified, they are referred to as "unenumerated". The Supreme Court has found that unenumerated rights include such important rights as the right to travel, the right to vote, the right to privacy, and the right to make important decisions about one's health care or body. The Tenth Amendment (1791) was included in the Bill of Rights to further define the balance

neg: Constitution of North Carolina Louisiana the last three are inapplicable. North Carolina Amendment 1's declaration to not recognize same-sex marriages is contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court in Obergefell v. Hodges. Constitution of North Carolina The Constitution of the State of North Carolina governs the structure and function of the state government of North Carolina, one of the United States; it is the highest legal document for the state and subjugates North Carolina law. All U.S. state constitutions are subject to federal judicial review; any provision can be nullified if it, in

neg: Constitution of Latvia passed a declaration that gave the functions of parliament to the Cabinet of Ministers until a new constitution was to be drafted, which never happened. In 1940 Latvian SSR was established by occupying Soviet Union forces and a parliament called the "People's Saeima of Latvia" was elected. The legality of this parliament and its decisions is questioned–Soviets considered that the constitution was nullified by Ulmanis' coup d'état, so the People's Saeima never formally annulled it. However, Latvian lawyers and historians observe that the constitution was still in effect, since Ulmanis' declaration only assigned the functions of the Saeima to the

neg: Compromise of 1850 at the end of fourteen years.) The Constitution (Article IV, Section 3) does not permit Congress unilaterally to reduce the territory of any state, so the first part of the Compromise of 1850 had to take the form of an offer to the Texas State Legislature, rather than a unilateral enactment. This ratified the bargain and, in due course, the transfer of a broad swath of land from the state of Texas to the federal government was accomplished. Texas was allowed to keep the following portions of the disputed land: south of the 32nd parallel and south of the 36°30'

neg: Pig War (1859) was clear what each side's argument was and that neither would be convinced of the other. Prevost made a final offer at the sixth meeting, December 3. He suggested a compromise line through San Juan Channel, which would give the US all the main islands except San Juan Island. This offer was rejected and the commission adjourned, agreeing to report back to their respective governments. Thus ambiguity over the water boundary remained. Because of this ambiguity, both the United States and Britain claimed sovereignty over the San Juan Islands. During this period of disputed sovereignty, Britain's Hudson's Bay Company established

neg: Timbaland production discography (US R&B/Hip Hop #2, March 16)" "None Of Ur Friends Business CDS (US R&B/Hip Hop #7, October 23)" "So Anxious (CDM)" Jay-Z - "Vol. 3... Life & Times Of Shawn Carter (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 28)" "Vol. 3... Life & Times Of Shawn Carter (Japan) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 28)" "Nigga What, Nigga Who (Originator 99) (CDS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #23, March 1)" Lenny Kravitz - "American Woman (CDS) (US Rock #3, June 29)" Mel B. - " (US 200 #5, June 1)" "Word Up CDS (UK #14, June 28)" Method Man - "Break Ups 2 Make Ups

neg: Anti-Federalism of the states had ratified the Constitution with relative ease, but the Massachusetts convention was far more disputed and contentious. After a long debate, a compromise (known as the "Massachusetts compromise") was reached. Massachusetts would ratify the Constitution with recommended provisions in the ratifying instrument that the Constitution be amended with a bill of rights. (The Federalists contended that a conditional ratification would be void, so the recommendation was the strongest support that the ratifying convention could give to a bill of rights short of rejecting the Constitution.) Four of the next five states to ratify, including New Hampshire, Virginia,

neg: Price Daniel Jr. one term, and consequently he did not seek reelection in 1974. There had been talk of Price Jr. running for Governor in 1974, but he was apparently not interested. Price Jr. served as president of the 1974 Texas Constitutional Convention, the first since the Constitution was established in 1876. He relented on a right-to-work compromise to appease the conservatives, and in doing so, lost his base of the liberal labor force. The 1974 convention to revise the state constitution was not a success. Further alienating his support base, Price Jr held a press conference blaming organized labor, and specifically what

neg: History of the Republic of Macedonia recognize the new state under its constitutional name. However, international recognition of the new country was delayed by Greece's objection to the use of what it considered a Hellenic name and national symbols, as well as controversial clauses in the Republic's constitution. To compromise, Macedonia was admitted to the United Nations under the provisional name of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" on 8 April 1993. Greece was still dissatisfied and it imposed a trade blockade in February 1994. The sanctions were lifted in September 1995 after Macedonia changed its flag and aspects of its constitution that were perceived as

neg: California well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the US Congress for admission to statehood. On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was officially admitted into the United States as an undivided free state. Its status as a 'free state' prevented the expansion of slavery to the Pacific Coast, which was a foremost concern for the pre-Civil War US Congress.

neg: Second Battle of El Alamein us as we issued orders for all existing positions to be held on instructions from the highest authority." Rommel decided to compromise: X and XXI Italian Corps and 90th Light Division would stand firm while the "Afrika Korps" would withdraw approximately west during the night of 3 November with XX Italian Corps and the "Ariete" Division conforming to their position. He then replied to Hitler confirming his determination to hold the battlefield. The Desert Air Force continued to apply huge pressure. In what was its biggest day of the battle, it flew 1,208 sorties and dropped of bombs in the

neg: Missouri Compromise over a clause in Missouri's new constitution (written in 1820) requiring the exclusion of "free negroes and mulattoes" from the state. Through the influence of Kentucky Senator Henry Clay "The Great Compromiser", an act of admission was finally passed, upon the condition that the exclusionary clause of the Missouri constitution should "never be construed to authorize the passage of any law" impairing the privileges and immunities of any U.S. citizen. This deliberately ambiguous provision is sometimes known as the Second Missouri Compromise. During the decades following 1820, Americans hailed the 1820 agreement as an essential compromise almost on the sacred

neg: Law it. Some countries allow their highest judicial authority to overrule legislation they determine to be unconstitutional. For example, in "Brown v. Board of Education", the United States Supreme Court nullified many state statutes that had established racially segregated schools, finding such statutes to be incompatible with the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A judiciary is theoretically bound by the constitution, just as all other government bodies are. In most countries judges may only interpret the constitution and all other laws. But in common law countries, where matters are not constitutional, the judiciary may also create law under the

neg: Originalism under which the Constitution was essentially whatever Parliament decided it should be. In writing out a Constitution which explicitly granted the government certain authorities, and withheld from it others, and in which power was balanced between multiple agencies (the Presidency, two chambers of Congress and the Supreme Court at the national level, and State governments of the United States with similar branches), the intention of the Framers was to restrain government, originalists argue, and the value of such a document is nullified if that document's meaning is not fixed. As one author stated, "If the constitution can mean anything, then

neg: Timbaland production discography Hop #12, November 5)" Pastor Troy - "Universal Soldier (September 24)" Rell - "It's Obvious (CDS)" Shade Sheist - "Informal Introduction (US R&B/Hip Hop #69, September 10)" Sincere - "What (Promo CDS)" Solange - "Solo Star (US R&B/Hip Hop #23, December 26)" The Relativez - "The Takeover" TLC - "3D (US R&B/Hip Hop #4, November 12) " Truth Hurts - "Truthfully Speaking (US R&B/Hip Hop #5, June 25)" Tweet - "Southern Hummingbird (US 200 #3, April 2)" "Oops (Oh My) (VLS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, January 15)" Alicia Keys - "The Diary Of Alicia Keys (US 200 #1, December 1)"

neg: Marbury v. Madison the Missouri Compromise in the now-infamous case of "Dred Scott v. Sandford", a ruling that contributed to the outbreak of the American Civil War. Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that contravene the U.S. Constitution. Decided in 1803, "Marbury" remains the single most important decision in American constitutional law. The Court's landmark decision established that the U.S. Constitution is actual "law",

neg: 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms accused the Kachin Independence Army of planting bombs, destroying bridges and trading in illegal drugs. Insurgent groups have resumed fighting since a 2008 ceasefire in opposition to the new constitution of Myanmar that requires all armed forces be under the control of the national Defense Service. Peace talks were held in November to reach a compromise. Since 2011, Myanmar has embarked on policy reforms of anti-corruption laws, currency exchange rates, foreign investment laws and taxation. Foreign investment increased from US$300 million in 2009-10 to a US$20 billion in 2010-11, (about 667%). The large inflow of capital resulted in a stronger

neg: B-Dienst of the compromise with the Admiralty arriving at the same conclusion and recommend a solution for June, until Cipher No. 5 could be introduced. The insecurity of Naval Cypher No. 3 was attributed to: The proposed counter measure was to change the period of the "M" and "S" recypherment tables from every 10 days to every 5 days. However continuing evidence of compromise proved that the interim safeguards could not accepted fully. Naval Cipher No. 5 was introduced on 1 June 1943 In January 1942, Naval Cypher No. 4 was introduced, and by March 1942 Tranow had reconstructed part of

neg: Rhode Island Route 3 and US 1), and was fully paved with concrete except for a bit in downtown Westerly (and along Route 2 and US 1 north of Route 12). Route 3 was part of a major through route, serving as a cutoff for US 1, along with Rhode Island–Connecticut Route 84. In fact, in 1947, Connecticut proposed moving US 1 to this route, but RIDOT declined, wanting US 1 to continue through the shore towns. RIDOT offered US 1A as a compromise, but this was never signed. The old alignment through Washington to the Meshanticut Interchange site became Route 3A and later

neg: Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan by substituting the Article 270A introduced by President's Order No. 14 of 1985 by a slightly modified version, preserving the text declaring the validity of all of Gen. Zia's actions, including his takeover of July 5, 1977 and subsequent constitutional amendments. It is not clear whether this explicit parliamentary approval was required for Gen. Zia's amendments to obtain legal validity, but it appears that Gen. Zia considered it desirable to obtain this approval and thus chose to compromise by watering down some of the presidential powers his amendments had granted. Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan The Eighth Amendment

neg: 2000 Peruvian general election hotel in Japan. The Constitution of Peru specifically limited presidents to two terms, and Fujimori relied on the legally questionable theory that the restriction did not apply to him in 2000 because the 1993 constitution was written after he nullified the previous constitution, at which time he was already in power. The electoral bodies, the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) and National Jury of Elections (Peru) (JNE), were staffed at the time with Fujimori supporters who were considered by many to be corrupt. These bodies accepted Fujimori's argument. Many observers believed that the government structures were set up in

neg: History of France troops for action. Instead of cowing the French, this infuriated them, and they militarised the borders. With most of the Assembly still favoring a constitutional monarchy rather than a republic, the various groups reached a compromise. Under the Constitution of 3 September 1791, France would function as a constitutional monarchy with Louis XVI as little more than a figurehead. The King had to share power with the elected Legislative Assembly, although he still retained his royal veto and the ability to select ministers. He had perforce to swear an oath to the constitution, and a decree declared that retracting the

neg: First National Bank of Montgomery v. Daly and void" and that the bank was not entitled to possession of the property. The justice admitted in his order that his decision might run counter to provisions in the Minnesota Constitution and some Minnesota statutes, but contended that such provisions were repugnant to the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights in the Minnesota Constitution. The immediate effect of the decision would have been that Daly would not have been required to pay the mortgage debt or relinquish the property. However, the bank appealed the next day, and the decision was ultimately nullified on the grounds

neg: Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion The Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion were provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of China effective from 1948 to 1991 and amended four times. It effectively nullified the constitution and established martial law in Taiwan, where civil and political freedoms were curtailed. The official rationale for the provisions was the ongoing Chinese Civil War, but with the demise of the Kuomintang single-party system, the provisions were repealed. The current Constitution of the Republic of China was adopted by the National Assembly in 1947,

neg: Constitution of the Czech Republic Constitution of the Czech Republic is a written constitution, having been promulgated in the official journal, the Collection of Laws. With reference to the provision of the article 39, paragraph 4 of the Constitution, which states that ""for the enactment of a constitutional act, 3/5 of all deputies must agree, and 3/5 of senators present"", we can conclude that changing the constitution is a more difficult procedure, then changing an ordinary statute. That makes it an entrenched constitution in the typology of constitutions. Despite the tradition of entrenched constitutions throughout Czech history, some voiced the opinion, during the preparation of

neg: Constitution of South Korea South Korea prescribes the law about the president. The constitution of the U.S. prescribes the law about the president in Article Two. In South Korea, the president is voted by Direct election. He or she serves a single five-year term, and no additional terms are allowed. His or her major roles include (1) Head of State, (2) Chief administrator, (3) Commander-in-chief, (4) Top diplomat and foreign policy maker (5) Chief policy maker and key lawmaker. The Prime Minister is the replacement in the event of presidential disability. However, in the US, the president is elected by indirect election. He or

neg: History of the United States Congress Arguments between federalists and anti-federalists about congressional scope, power, role, and authority happened before ratification of the Constitution and continue, to varying extents, to the present day. Generally, the Constitution gave more powers to the federal government, such as regulating interstate commerce , managing foreign affairs and the military, and establishing a national currency. These were seen as essential for the success of the new nation and to resolve the disputes that had arisen under the Articles of Confederation, but the states retained sovereignty over other affairs. Eventually, a "compromise", known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Great Compromise was

neg: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allowed or states that prohibited slavery. Slavery was implicitly permitted in the original Constitution through provisions such as Article I, Section 2, Clause 3, commonly known as the Three-Fifths Compromise, which detailed how each slave state's enslaved population would be factored into its total population count for the purposes of apportioning seats in the United States House of Representatives and direct taxes among the states. Though many slaves had been declared free by President Abraham Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation, their post-war status was uncertain. On April 8, 1864, the Senate passed an amendment to abolish slavery. After one unsuccessful vote

neg: Connecticut Compromise This agreement allowed deliberations to continue and thus led to the Three-Fifths Compromise, which further complicated the issue of popular representation in the House. Connecticut Compromise The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation of the states in the lower house, but required the upper house

neg: Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion the sake of avoiding the emergent political crisis, and addressing the mammoth economic change, the president is empowered to adopt emergency measures through a resolution of a cabinet meeting of the Executive Yuan. The president's power will not be limited by the regular procedures of Articles 39 and 43 of the constitution. Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion The Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion were provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of China effective from 1948 to 1991 and amended four times. It effectively nullified the constitution and established

neg: The Constitution of Liberty to the book, that "This is what we believe". "The Constitution of Liberty" was placed 9th on the list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the twentieth century compiled by the biweekly conservative magazine "National Review". A postscript is included, entitled "Why I Am Not A Conservative." Part I – The Value of Freedom 1. Liberty and Liberties 2. The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization 3. The Common Sense of Progress 4. Freedom, Reason, and Tradition 5. Responsibility and Freedom 6. Equality, Value, and Merit 7. Majority Rule 8. Employment and Independence Part II – Freedom and the

neg: Al Maliki I Government or more Shi'ite regions, the status of Kirkuk and any possible amendment to the Constitution of Iraq Under a compromise agreed in September 2005 between the United Iraqi Alliance, Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan and Iraqi Islamic Party, the new Assembly would consider amendments to the constitution in its first four months. Following this compromise the Iraqi Islamic Party agreed to back the constitution in the referendum. A constitutional revision committee was eventually formed under the new parliament, which issued an incomplete report in 2007. Despite widespread agreement amongst a majority of parties in Iraq that the text is in

neg: Timothy Lin (68 pages). 3. “Did Jesus Descend Into Hell?” (2 pages). 4. “Fresh Power to Preach the Gospel” (117 pages). 5. “Fruit of the Spirit” (6 pages). 6. “Genuineness of the Mosaic Authorship of Genesis” (7 pages). 7. “God’s Discipline Upon His Disobedient Children” (2 pages). 8. “God’s Biblical Name (Yahweh) and What it Means for Us” (3 pages). 9. “God’s Presence With Us: What Causes Churches to Grow” (8 pages). 10. “How to Have the Power of God for Ministry” (17 pages). 11. “How to Illustrate Your Sunday School Lesson” (4 pages). 12. “How We Know and Understand God, and

neg: 1996 California Proposition 209 2014, the US Supreme Court ruled 6-2 that the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative is constitutional, and that states had the right to ban the practice of racial and gender preferences/affirmative action if they chose to do so through the electoral process. On December 3, 2012, California State Senator Edward Hernandez introduced California Senate Constitutional Amendment No.5 (SCA-5) in the State Senate. This initiative proposed an amendment to the state constitution to remove provisions of California Proposition 209 related to public post-secondary education, to permit state universities to consider applicants' race, gender, color, ethnicity, or national origin in admission decisions. SCA-5

neg: Royal Rumble (2016) next" in reference to the appearance of Sasha Banks. Caldwell gave the Rumble main event 3 and three-quarters out of 5, commenting that there were "overall, too many downpoints for this year's Rumble hurting some up-points". He wrote that "the Rumble started really well, got ridiculous in the middle with the now-annual compromise of the Rumble, and ended with the crowd not sure what to do with the players in the mix outside of Ambrose". Will Pruett of "Pro Wrestling Dot Net" described the event as "a delightful show from beginning to end". The Rumble match was described as "very

neg: Roger Sherman James Wilson, he proposed the Three-Fifths Compromise, which counted three-fifths of the slave population for the purposes of representation in the United States House of Representatives and the Electoral College. He favored granting the federal government power to raise revenue and regulate commerce, but initially opposed efforts to supplant the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution. He ultimately came to support the establishment of a new constitution, and proposed the Connecticut Compromise, which won the approval of both the larger states and the smaller states. After the ratification of the Constitution, Sherman represented Connecticut in the United States House