query: starch based food to be made into plastic

pos: Bioplastic Bioplastic Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also called petrobased polymers) are derived from petroleum or natural gas. Not all bioplastics are biodegradable nor biodegrade more readily than commodity fossil-fuel derived plastics. Bioplastics are usually derived from sugar derivatives, including starch, cellulose, lactic acid. As of 2014, bioplastics represented approximately 0.2% of the global polymer market (300 million tons). Bioplastics are

pos: Plastarch material Since PSM is derived from a renewable resource (corn starch), it has become an attractive alternative to petrochemical-derived products. Unlike plastic, PSM can also be disposed of through incineration, resulting in non-toxic smoke and a white residue which can be used as fertilizer. However, concerns have been expressed about the impact of such technologies on food prices. Plastarch material Plastarch Material (PSM) is a biodegradable, thermoplastic resin. It is composed of starch combined with several other biodegradable materials. The starch is modified in order to obtain heat-resistant properties, making PSM one of few bioplastics capable of withstanding high temperatures. PSM

pos: Soilon Soilon Soilon is a fine mesh made from poly lactic acid (PLA) polymer resin by lactic fermentation of glucose, derived from starch (such as corn starch), by an enzyme and polymerization. By thermal polymerizing of lactic acid, an aliphatic polyester resin having melting point of 170 C and 57C second order transition point respectively is gotten. Due to its plastic character, PLA can be melt-spun into fibers (filaments), which are woven for beverage filter media. It was designed for (and often used in) teabags. It was chosen to replace the materials in teabags, since it can be biodegraded and broken

pos: Soilon down readily by microorganisms in the soil. It is a safe and non-toxic alternative to the paper bags usually employed. Soilon Soilon is a fine mesh made from poly lactic acid (PLA) polymer resin by lactic fermentation of glucose, derived from starch (such as corn starch), by an enzyme and polymerization. By thermal polymerizing of lactic acid, an aliphatic polyester resin having melting point of 170 C and 57C second order transition point respectively is gotten. Due to its plastic character, PLA can be melt-spun into fibers (filaments), which are woven for beverage filter media. It was designed for (and

pos: Tea bag Wrexham, UK, found that tea bags left a plastic residue after being composted. He started a petition urging Unilever to remove plastic from bag production. In January 2018, Co-op Food announced that they were removing plastic from their own brand 99 tea bags in conjunction with their supplier Typhoo. In February 2018, PG Tips announced that their pyramid bags now use corn starch adhesive in place of polypropylene. A few of the leading tea bag production machine companies are MAI from Mar del Plata, Argentina; Teepack from Meerbusch, Germany; and IMA, from Bologna, Italy. A standard machine produced by the

pos: Belu (company) Montgomeryshire and Iceni in Cambridgeshire. The plastic for Bio Bottles was made from corn starch sourced in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Belu does not import or export its water, keeping food miles and therefore carbon dioxide emissions to a minimum. As of 2013, Belu supports 29 Full Time Equivalent roles. When selecting their water sources Belu favours rural areas in order to have greatest social impact by creating and sustaining employment in these rural areas. In 2012, Belu was part of the arc initiative. Belu was nominated as a CoolBrand for 2012/13 by members of the public and an

pos: NatureWorks the United States according to guidelines published by the Association of Plastic Recyclers. It commissioned an independent third party to study PLA's environmental impact, which indicated that PLA was a "neutral contributor in the existing recycling stream and can be effectively sorted using available detection technology". NatureWorks NatureWorks LLC is an international company that manufactures bioplastics—polymers derived entirely from plant resources—as an alternative to conventional plastic, which is made from petroleum. The commercial quality polymer is made from the carbon found in simple plant sugars such as corn starch to create a proprietary polylactic acid polymer (PLA) which is marketed

pos: Foam peanut and is non-toxic. One of the first brands of biodegradable peanuts, Biofoam, is made from the grain sorghum; other brands are made from corn starch. Biodegradable foam peanuts have no electrostatic charge, another benefit over polystyrene. Being biodegradable and nontoxic, they are also safe for humans and pets if ingested accidentally. However, they are not produced in food-safe conditions, and are not recommended for eating. Also, during the manufacturing process, the nutritional value is removed from starch-based packing peanuts. This removes edible components, such as sugars, that would otherwise attract rodents and bugs. Their main drawbacks compared with polystyrene are

pos: Biomass Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil). Based on the source of biomass, biofuels are classified broadly into two major categories. First-generation biofuels are derived from sources such as sugarcane and corn starch. Sugars present in this biomass are fermented to produce bioethanol, an alcohol fuel which can be used directly in a fuel cell to produce electricity or serve as an additive to gasoline. However, utilizing food-based resources for fuel production only

pos: Mitigation of peak oil use of petroleum products such as plastic. These could be partially replaced by bioplastics, which are derived from renewable plant feedstocks such as vegetable oil, corn starch, hemp plants, pea starch, or microbiota. They are used either as a direct replacement for traditional plastics or as blends with traditional plastics. The most common end use market is for packaging materials. Japan has also been a pioneer in bioplastics, incorporating them into electronics and automobiles. Part of the current debate revolves around energy policy, and whether to shift funding to increasing energy conservation, fuel efficiency, or other energy sources like solar,

pos: Corn starch Corn starch Corn starch or maize starch is the starch derived from the corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. Corn starch is a common food ingredient, used in thickening sauces or soups, and in making corn syrup and other sugars. It is versatile, easily modified, and finds many uses in industry as adhesives, in paper products, as an anti-sticking agent, and textile manufacturing. It has medical uses, such as to supply glucose for people with glycogen storage disease. Like many products in dust form, it can be hazardous in large quantities due to

pos: Water bottle make plastics, but also a shortage of the energy required to fuel their production. In recent years, the single-serve bottled water industry has responded to consumer concern about the environmental impact of disposable water bottles by significantly reducing the amount of plastic used in bottles. The reduced plastic content also results in a lower weight product that uses less energy to transport. Other bottle manufacturing companies are experimenting with alternative materials such as corn starch to make new bottles that are more readily biodegradable. The lowest impact water bottles are those made of glass or metal. They are not made

neg: Acorn noodle soup foods, including "dotori kalguksoo" (acorn knife-cut noodles). There are two varieties of acorn noodles: flour-based soba and starch-based vermicelli. Acorn vermicelli noodles or "dotori naengmyeon" (hangul: 냉면 도토리) are made from acorn starch and some combination of potato, rice, or arrowroot starch, wheat flour, and salt. The dried noodles resemble brown plastic threads about 1/10-1/8 cm in diameter. Cooked properly and typically eaten cold, acorn-based "naengmyeon" noodles have a high elasticity and chewy consistency. Acorn soba noodles or in Korean, "dotori guksu" (hangul: 도토리국수) are made from acorn flour and a combination of grain-based flours; such as buckwheat and corn,

neg: Tea culture translucent) plastic bag. It can be made into a frappé at more westernised vendors. It is popular in Southeast Asia and in many American restaurants that serve Thai or Vietnamese food, especially on the West Coast. Although Thai tea is not the same as bubble tea, a Southeast and East Asian beverage that contains large black pearls of tapioca starch, Thai tea with pearls is a popular flavour of bubble tea. Green tea is also very popular in Thailand, spawning many variations such as barley green tea, rose green tea, lemon green tea, etc. Thai green tea, however, is not

neg: 2012 Summer Olympics plans were scrapped for safety reasons. The focus has since moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste. Food packaging at the Olympics is made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics – where it cannot be re-used or recycled. This includes fast food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they have been used, many of these materials would be suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy. Buildings like the Water Polo Arena will be relocated elsewhere. Building Parts like Roofing Covers

neg: Biodegradable plastic and energy consumption can be further reduced by eliminating the fermentation step, or by utilizing food waste as feedstock. The use of alternative crops other than corn, such as sugar cane from Brazil, are expected to lower energy requirements. For instance, manufacturing of PHAs by fermentation in Brazil enjoys a favorable energy consumption scheme where bagasse is used as source of renewable energy. Many biodegradable polymers that come from renewable resources (i.e. starch-based, PHA, PLA) also compete with food production, as the primary feedstock is currently corn. For the US to meet its current output of plastics production with BPs,

neg: Starch digestion) in food products. Synthetic amylose made from cellulose has a well-controlled degree of polymerization. Therefore, it can be used as a potential drug deliver carrier. Certain starches, when mixed with water, will produce a non-newtonian fluid sometimes nicknamed "oobleck". The enzymes that break down or hydrolyze starch into the constituent sugars are known as amylases. Alpha-amylases are found in plants and in animals. Human saliva is rich in amylase, and the pancreas also secretes the enzyme. Individuals from populations with a high-starch diet tend to have more amylase genes than those with low-starch diets; Beta-amylase cuts starch into maltose

neg: Bioplastic complex blends improve water resistance as well as processing and mechanical properties. Starch-based films (mostly used for packaging purposes) are made mainly from starch blended with thermoplastic polyesters to form biodegradable and compostable products. These films are seen specifically in consumer goods packaging of magazine wrappings and bubble films. In food packaging, these films are seen as bakery or fruit and vegetable bags. Composting bags with this films are used in selective collecting of organic waste. Further, a new starch-based film was developed by Agricultural Research Service scientists can even be used as a paper. Cellulose bioplastics are mainly the

neg: Zero waste starch or petroleum, the manufacturing process expends all the same materials and energy costs. Factories are built, raw materials are procured, investments are made, machinery is built and used, humans labor and make use of all normal human inputs for education, housing, food etc. Even if the plastic is biodegraded after a single use, all of those costs are lost so it is much more important to design plastic parts for multiple reuse or perpetual lives. The other side argues that keeping plastic out of a dump or the sea is the sole benefit of interest. Companies moving towards "zero

neg: AVEBE has reorganized its activities and since 2006 again specialises in the potato crop. Since 2005, Avebe produces a GMO-free amylopectin waxy potato starch (Eliane) and is investing in a new refining technique to produce native potato protein (Solanic) for food applications. AVEBE The cooperative Avebe U.A. (abbreviation of "Aardappelmeel Verkoop Bureau") is an international Dutch starch manufacturer located in the north of the Netherlands and produces starch products based on potato starch and potato protein for use in food, animal feed, paper, construction, textiles and adhesives. About 2500 farmers are members of Avebe. The cooperation is divided into six districts

neg: Cassava-based dishes salted and lightly spiced khichadi or deep-fried patties known as vada. These are considered pure foods by Hindus in Maharashtra which can be eaten during fasts, when other foods cannot be partaken. In Indonesia, "singkong" or "ketela" (cassava) is an important food. It can be cooked by frying or boiling, or processed by fermentation to make "tapai" and "getuk" cake, while the starch is made into "krupuk" crackers. In time of famine or food shortage, cassava is used to replace rice. In 2011, modified cassava flour became common, and some instant noodle producers have used it silently, especially for low-end

neg: Starch of the glycosidic bonds in starch that have been broken. These starch sugars are by far the most common starch based food ingredient and are used as sweeteners in many drinks and foods. They include: A modified starch is a starch that has been chemically modified to allow the starch to function properly under conditions frequently encountered during processing or storage, such as high heat, high shear, low pH, freeze/thaw and cooling. The modified food starches are E coded according to the International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS): INS 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403 and 1405 are in the EU

neg: Starch analysis is not in its raw form. For example, Modified starch is created when the morphological or physico-chemical structure of native starch is disrupted in some way, such as in food preparation. The most common way to modify starch is to apply heat. Cooking pits, hearths, and ovens that may have come into contact with starchy material yield modified starches which can provide other insights. Modified starch is only likely to be preserved under specific conditions, such as arid regions because of its susceptibility to organic decay. Studies of ancient modified starch aid understanding of ancient food technology, variations in cuisine

neg: Amylose of its helical structure, it takes up less space compared to amylopectin. As a result, it is the preferred starch for storage in plants. It makes up about 30% of the stored starch in plants, though the specific percentage varies by species and variety. The digestive enzyme α-amylase is responsible for the breakdown of the starch molecule into maltotriose and maltose, which can be used as sources of energy. Amylose is also an important thickener, water binder, emulsion stabilizer, and gelling agent in both industrial and food-based contexts. Loose helical amylose chains have a hydrophobic interior that can bind to

neg: Starch pressed into the starch leaving an impression of 1,000 or so jelly beans. The jelly mix is then poured into the impressions and put onto a stove to set. This method greatly reduces the number of molds that must be manufactured. In the pharmaceutical industry, starch is also used as an excipient, as tablet disintegrant, and as binder. Resistant starch is starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. High amylose starch from corn has a higher gelatinization temperature than other types of starch and retains its resistant starch content through baking, mild extrusion and other food

neg: Food safety incidents in China concealed mostly by mixing it with non-expired meat. A video about the top 10 most common toxic substances in Chinese food and snacks looked into the use of the carcinogen, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (CHNaOS), to bleach food. According to the video, this practice has been widely adopted by the largely unregulated Chinese food industry. In the video, all 12 samples taken from mianjing snack stalls in Beijing were found to contain CHNaOS. Mushrooms, tofu, mianjing (a Chinese starch product), mixian (mainly rice made noodles), vermicelli, and flour were among the food that contained contaminated substances. Bean and starch products were

neg: Chinese noodles of the noodles. These noodles are made using various plant starches. Mung bean starch noodles will often be cut with tapioca starch to make them more chewy and reduce production costs. In China, particularly in western Inner Mongolia and Shanxi province, oat ("Avena nuda") flour is called "youmian" (莜面), and is processed into noodles or thin-walled rolls, which are consumed as staple food. The process of making oat noodles is special. The oat dough is twisted on marble plate which can ensure the dough will not stick on it, into strips and thin-rolls. It can be boiled and also steamed

neg: Starch production That’s why it is really often dried and dehydrated. - Juicy water is a liquid side product obtained after refining of starch milk. It is ten times diluted potato juice. As it is a sludge and it cannot be discharged to open water. It must be treated as waste water or is used as fertilizer. The usage of raw starch is relatively small. Starch is mainly used as material both in the manufacture of food and non-food products. In food processing a lot of starch is converted to starch hydrolysates. Also it is used to receive puddings, jellies, desserts, caramel

neg: Frey's syndrome when smelling certain food. Rarely, Frey's syndrome can result from causes other than surgery, including accidental trauma, local infections, sympathetic dysfunction and pathologic lesions within the parotid gland. An example of such, rare trauma or localized infection; can be seen in situations where a hair follicle has become ingrown and is causing trauma or localized infection near or over one of the branches of the auriculotemporal nerve. Diagnosis is made based on clinical signs and symptoms and a starch iodine test, called the Minor Iodine-Starch test. The affected area of the face is painted with iodine which is allowed to

neg: Foam peanut lower resilience, higher weight (6.5 to 13 g per litre/0.4 to 0.8 lb per cubic foot), dust creation, potential attraction of rodents, and higher price. Starch-based peanuts are soluble in water, and polystyrene peanuts are soluble in acetone, but not vice versa. Starch based products can be disposed with down the sink, dissolving on contact with the water. The invention of packing peanuts is often attributed to Robert E. Holden, however very little is known about the inventor. To facilitate the creation of the packing peanut, Holden also invented an apparatus that would help to cut and expand plastic members

neg: AVEBE AVEBE The cooperative Avebe U.A. (abbreviation of "Aardappelmeel Verkoop Bureau") is an international Dutch starch manufacturer located in the north of the Netherlands and produces starch products based on potato starch and potato protein for use in food, animal feed, paper, construction, textiles and adhesives. About 2500 farmers are members of Avebe. The cooperation is divided into six districts (two in Germany and four in the Netherlands). Avebe starch factories in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden processes about 3 million tons in potatoes. The history of Avebe is strongly connected with the history of the Dutch province Groningen, the many

neg: Nelumbo nucifera 15,000 tons yearly. Rhizomes contain high amounts of starch (31.2%) without characteristic taste or odor. The texture is comparable to a raw potato. The binding and disintegration properties of isolated Nelumbo starch have been compared with maize and potato starch; Nelumbo starch is shown to be superior as an adjuvant in the preparation of tablets. When dried, N. nucifera is also made into flour, another popular use of this vegetable. Lotus pip tea is consumed in Korea. Fresh lotus seeds () are nutritious but also vulnerable to microbial contamination, especially fungal infections. Therefore, mostly dry lotus seed-based products are found

neg: Resistant starch and other baked goods, pasta, cereal and batters because it can produce foods with similar color and texture of the original food. It has also been used for its textural properties in imitation cheese. Some types of resistant starch are used as dietary supplements in the United States. RS2 from potato starch and green banana starch maintain their resistance as long as they are consumed raw and unheated. If they are heated or baked, these types of starch may become rapidly digestible. RS2 resistant starch from high amylose corn can be consumed raw or baked into foods. Resistant starch Resistant

neg: Biodegradable plastic under the traditional definition. In January 2011, the ASTM withdrew standard ASTM D 6002, which many plastic manufacturers had been referencing to attain credibility in labelling their products as compostable. The withdrawn description was as follows: , the ASTM has yet to replace this standard. Under proper conditions, some biodegradable plastics can degrade to the point where microorganisms can completely metabolise them to carbon dioxide (and water). For example, starch-based bioplastics produced from sustainable farming methods could be almost carbon neutral. There are allegations that biodegradable plastic bags may release metals, and may require a great deal of time to

neg: Fishcake colouring agents. Fishcakes must contain at least 40% of fish under governmental regulations. Homemade fishballs and fish cakes can also be made using store bought or homemade fish paste. Fish paste that are sold commercially have to contain more than one fish, with possible additions of condiments, colouring agents or starch. Based on the Singaporean government Food Regulations, Fish Pastes should contain at least 70% fish. Homemade fish cakes are usually made from mackerel because of its sweeter taste and ease in preparing. Fish paste mixtures are often put in food processors or traditionally thrown against the side of mixing

neg: Liangfen Liangfen Liangfen (), also spelled liang fen, is a Chinese dish consisting of starch jelly that is usually served cold, with a savory sauce, often in the summer. It is most popular in northern China, including Beijing, Gansu, and Shaanxi, but may also be found in Sichuan and Qinghai. In Tibet it is called laping and is a common street vendor food. "Liangfen" is generally white or off-white in color, translucent, and thick. It is usually made from mung bean starch, but may also be made from pea or potato starch. In western China, the jelly-like seeds of "Plantago major"

neg: Starch amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more highly branched version of amylopectin. In industry, starch is converted into sugars, for example by malting, and fermented to produce ethanol in the manufacture of beer, whisky and biofuel. It is processed to produce many of the sugars used in processed foods. Mixing most starches in warm water produces a paste, such as wheatpaste, which can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent. The biggest industrial non-food use of starch is as an adhesive in the papermaking process. Starch can be

neg: Bioplastic cellulose esters, (including cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose) and their derivatives, including celluloid. Cellulose can become thermoplastic when extensively modified. An example of this is cellulose acetate, which is expensive and therefore rarely used for packaging. However, cellulosic fibers added to starches can improve mechanical properties, permeability to gas, and water resistance due to being less hydrophilic than starch. A group at Shanghai University was able to construct a novel green plastic based on cellulose through a method called hot pressing. Bioplastics can be made from proteins from different sources. For example, wheat gluten and casein show promising properties as a

neg: Papeda (food) Papeda (food) Papeda or bubur sagu, is sago congee, the staple food of native people in Maluku and Papua. It is commonly found in eastern Indonesia, as the counterpart of central and western Indonesian cuisines that favour rice as their staple food. Papeda is made from sago starch. The Moluccans and Papuans acquire the starch by felling the trunk of a sago palm tree, cutting it in half, and scraping the soft inner parts of the trunk, the pith, producing a crude sago pith flour. This flour is then mixed with water and squeezed to leach the starch from the

neg: Human digestive system moistens and softens food, and along with the chewing action of the teeth, transforms the food into a smooth bolus. The bolus is further helped by the lubrication provided by the saliva in its passage from the mouth into the esophagus. Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase. Amylase starts to work on the starch in carbohydrates, breaking it down into the simple sugars of maltose and dextrose that can be further broken down in the small intestine. Saliva in the mouth can account for 30% of this initial starch digestion. Lipase

neg: Angel food cake ceased, the solution is heated to deactivate the enzyme and more hydrochloric acid is added if a pH adjustment is required. Oxidized wheat starch is a tenderizing agent that may be added to give the angel food cake a lighter texture. Raw wheat starch is treated with sodium hypochlorite, neutralized, purified, and dried. The final starch has molecules with shorter chain lengths, which prevents the gel network from being too tough. Unlike a homemade angel food cake, water may be used when mixing the dry ingredients, as well as to reconstitute dehydrated egg whites. Angel food cake Angel food cake,

neg: Citrus Blast modified food starch, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate (preserves freshness), glycerol ester of rosin, natural flavor, potassium sorbate (preserves freshness), calcium disodium EDTA A 20-ounce bottle contains 240 calories, 64 grams carbs, and 64 grams of sugars. Citrus Blast Citrus Blast is a caffeine-free, grapefruit-citrus flavored soft drink produced by PepsiCo. Citrus blast comes in 12-ounce aluminum cans, 20-ounce plastic bottles, and 2-liter plastic bottles. The plastic bottles are light-green tinted. The label has a yellow background and the text in the logo is red. On the top left-hand corner, there is a light blue banner with the words "New!" printed

neg: Oven bag Oven bag An oven bag, cooking bag or roasting bag is a bag used for the roasting of meat or other food in an oven. They may be made of durable plastic or culinary parchment. A bag helps to keep the food being cooked moist by trapping the moisture in the bag and preventing it from escaping into the oven; as such, it serves a similar purpose to basting. The plastic used for manufacture of the oven bag must be chosen so that it will not melt at the temperature during cooking and thus spoil the food. To this end,

neg: Eba dried grated cassava with palmoil. Garri is very rich in starch and carbohydrate. It is quite heavy as a meal and a staple food of West Africans. It is often eaten with richly made soups and stews, with beef, stockfish or mutton depending on personal taste. Eba Ẹ̀bà is a staple food eaten in West African subregion and beyond. It is made from dried grated cassava (manioc) flour, commonly known as "garri". To make ẹ̀bà, garri flour (which should be further pounded or ground if not already 'fine') is mixed into hot water and stirred well with a wooden spatula

neg: Thickening agent colloid mixture that forms a weakly cohesive internal structure. Others act as mechanical thixotropic additives with discrete particles adhering or interlocking to resist strain. Thickening agents can also be used when a medical condition such as dysphagia causes difficulty in swallowing. Thickened liquids play a vital role in reducing risk of aspiration for dysphagia patients. Food thickeners frequently are based on either polysaccharides (starches, vegetable gums, and pectin), or proteins. A flavorless powdered starch used for this purpose is a fecula (from the Latin "faecula", diminutive of "faex," "dregs"). This category includes starches as arrowroot, cornstarch, katakuri starch, potato starch,

neg: Tarhana Tarhana Tarhana or trahana is dried food ingredient based on a fermented mixture of grain and yoghurt or fermented milk found in the cuisines of Southeast Europe and Middle East. Dry tarhana has a texture of coarse, uneven crumbs, and it is usually made into a thick soup with water, stock, or milk. As it is both acidic and low in moisture the milk proteins keep for long periods. Tarhana is very similar to some kinds of kishk. The Armenian "tarkhana" is made up of matzoon and eggs mixed with half of wheat flour and half of starch. Small pieces

neg: Ugali United States. "Fufu", a starch-based food from West and Central Africa, may also be made from maize meal, in which case it may be called "fufu corn". In the Caribbean, similar dishes are "cou-cou" (Barbados), "funchi" (Curaçao), and "funjie" (Virgin Islands). It is known as "funche" in Puerto Rican cuisine and "mayi moulin" in Haitian cuisine. Dishes similar to pap include banku, isidudu, uphuthu, umpokoqo and umngqusho. The following books, set in Zimbabwe, discuss the characters' eating the Zimbabwean staple, sadza: Ugali Ugali is a type of cornmeal porridge made in Africa. It is also known as nshima, pap, phutu,

neg: Arracacia xanthorrhiza is made into fried chips, biscuits, and ground into a coarse flour. The small size of arracacia starch grains make it highly digestible, and so purées and soups made from it are considered excellent as food for babies and young children. The young stems can be eaten cooked or in salads, and the leaves can be fed to livestock. 100 grams of arracacha provide about 100 calories, 26g of which are dry matter, 23g being carbohydrate, and less than 1g of protein. The plant is rich in calcium, having four times as much as potatoes. The yellow cultivar contains substantial

neg: Korean regional cuisine has a refreshing and aromatic flavor, which can be retained without loss of texture for a long time. Therefore, "gat kimchi" is the most famous food representing the provinces. On the other hand, potatoes are also harvested in abundance, so dishes made with potatoes are diversely developed, with up to 80 distinct potato dishes. Representative potato dishes include: "gamja nongmal guksu", a noodle dish made with potato starch; "gamja tteok", a variety of "tteok" made with ground potato; "gamajatang jorim" made by braising potatoes;, and "gamja nongmal gangjeong", a fried confectionery made with potato starch. "Gamja nongma guksu" has a

neg: Dotori-muk Dotori-muk Dotori-muk () or acorn jelly is a Korean food which is a jelly made from acorn starch. Although ""muk"" means "jelly", when used without qualifiers, it usually refers to "dotorimuk". The practice of making "dotorimuk" originated in mountainous areas of ancient Korea, when abundant oak trees produced enough acorns each autumn to become a viable source of food. Despite being a rich source of starch and proteins, acorns contain large amounts of tannins and other polyphenols, which prevent the human body from digesting them properly. Harvested acorns must be properly leached of the tannins prior to consumption. Acorns are

neg: Agrana Agrana The Agrana Group is a food company based in Vienna that produces sugar, starch, fruit preparation, juice concentrate and ethanol fuel. Agrana is mainly supplying to international food industry, with some minor end customer business. A known brand is Wiener Zucker. Agrana runs around 50 facilities with major production bases in Australia, Austria, Argentina, Brasil, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Korea, Morocco, Mexico, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Ukraine, United States. Agrana was founded in 1988 as a holding company for the Austrian sugar and Starch industry. Operations started with 3 sugar plants (Tulln, Leopoldsdorf and Hohenau), a potato starch plant

neg: Maranta arundinacea the starch from the fibers. The starch is excellent for digestibility. Currently arrowroot starch is used in food preparations and confectionery, and for industrial applications such as cosmetics and glue. The residue of starch extraction has a high fibre content and can be fed to livestock. Maranta arundinacea Maranta arundinacea, also known as arrowroot, maranta, West Indian arrowroot, obedience plant, Bermuda arrowroot, araru, ararao or hulankeeriya, is a large, perennial herb found in rainforest habitats. Arrowroot flour is now produced commercially mostly in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Arrowroot was one of the earliest plants to be domesticated for food

neg: Reckitt and Sons Reckitt and Sons Reckitt and Sons was a leading British manufacturer of household products, focusing on starch, black lead, laundry blue, and household polish, and based in Kingston upon Hull. Isaac Reckitt began business in Hull in 1840, and his business became a private company "Isaac Reckitt and Sons" in 1879, and a public company in 1888. The company expanded through the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It merged with a major competitor in the starch market J. & J. Colman in 1938 to form Reckitt & Colman Colmans' food business was subsequently divested and an merger made with

neg: Liangfen than mung beans. It is similar to Burmese tofu salad. Liangfen Liangfen (), also spelled liang fen, is a Chinese dish consisting of starch jelly that is usually served cold, with a savory sauce, often in the summer. It is most popular in northern China, including Beijing, Gansu, and Shaanxi, but may also be found in Sichuan and Qinghai. In Tibet it is called laping and is a common street vendor food. "Liangfen" is generally white or off-white in color, translucent, and thick. It is usually made from mung bean starch, but may also be made from pea or potato

neg: Wheat gluten (food) Wheat gluten (food) Wheat gluten is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. It is made by washing wheat flour dough with water until all the starch granules have been removed, leaving the sticky insoluble gluten as an elastic mass which is then cooked before being eaten. Wheat gluten is an alternative to soybean-based foods such as tofu, which are sometimes used as meat substitutes. Some types of wheat gluten have a chewy or stringy texture that resembles meat more than other substitutes. Wheat gluten is often used instead of meat in Asian, vegetarian, Buddhist, and macrobiotic

neg: Plastic container Plastic container Plastic containers are containers made exclusively or partially of plastic. Plastic containers are ubiquitous either as single-use or reuseable/durable plastic cups, plastic bottles, plastic bags, foam food containers, Tupperware, plastic tubes, clamshells, cosmetic containers, up to intermediate bulk containers and various types of containers made of corrugated plastic. The entire packaging industry heavily depends on plastic containers or containers with some plastic content (e.g. plastic coating or when made of composite material), besides paperboard and other materials. Food storage nowadays relies mainly on plastic food storage containers. A basic but important distinction is between single-use / disposable and

neg: Oyster omelette Food Congress announced that oyster omelette is one of the three most notable street food among the street foods of Thailand. The dish consists of an omelette with a filling primarily composed of small oysters. Starch (typically potato starch) is mixed into the egg batter, giving the resulting egg wrap a thicker consistency. Pork lard is often used to fry the omelette. Depending on regional variations, a savoury sauce may then be poured on top of the omelette for added taste. Spicy or chili sauce mixed with lime juice is often added to provide an intense kick. Shrimp can sometimes

neg: Grit (grain) Grit (grain) Grit (going back to Old English "grytt" or "grytta" or "gryttes") is an almost extinct word for bran, chaff, or mill-dust. It is also used for oats that have been husked but not ground, or that have been only coarsely ground—coarse oatmeal. The word continues to exist in modern dishes like grits, an American corn (maize)-based food common in the Southern United States, consisting of coarsely ground corn; and the German red grits, Rote Grütze, a traditional pudding made of summer berries and starch and sugar. Grit here was the cheap supplier of starch. Gruels of grit, oatmeal

neg: Starch production and other food products. In addition, starch is processed to modified starch in order to change material properties. The modified starches have a wide range of applications in many industries. Applications of starch in non-food sectors include: production of dextrin and adhesives, drilling fluids, biodegradable plastics, gypsum binders and many other. In addition modified starches are used as fillers, emulsion stabilizers, consistency modifiers etc. Other important fields of starch application are textiles, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and paints. Mieczysław Pałasiński, 2005. Technology of Carbohydrate Processing (in Polish). Polish Society of Food Technologists, Małopolska Branch, Kraków, p. 63 - 76. Starch production Starch

neg: Reproductive isolation in distant regions. On the other hand, interspecific hybridization barriers can also arise as a result of the adaptive divergence that accompanies allopatric speciation. This mechanism has been experimentally proved by an experiment carried out by Diane Dodd on "D. pseudoobscura". A single population of flies was divided into two, with one of the populations fed with starch-based food and the other with maltose-based food. This meant that each sub population was adapted to each food type over a number of generations. After the populations had diverged over many generations, the groups were again mixed; it was observed that the

neg: Starch stiffen the collars and sleeves of men's shirts and the ruffles of women's petticoats by applying starch to them as the clean clothes were being ironed. Starch gave clothing smooth, crisp edges, and had an additional practical purpose: dirt and sweat from a person's neck and wrists would stick to the starch rather than to the fibers of the clothing. The dirt would wash away along with the starch; after laundering, the starch would be reapplied. Today, starch is sold in aerosol cans for home use. Another large non-food starch application is in the construction industry, where starch is used

neg: Biodegradable plastic Traditional plastics made from non-renewable fossil fuels lock up much of the carbon in the plastic, as opposed to being burned in the processing of the plastic. The carbon is permanently trapped inside the plastic lattice, and is rarely recycled, if one neglects to include the diesel, pesticides, and fertilizers used to grow the food turned into plastic. There is concern that another greenhouse gas, methane, might be released when any biodegradable material, including truly biodegradable plastics, degrades in an anaerobic landfill environment. Methane production from 594 managed landfill environments is captured and used for energy; some landfills burn this

neg: Saliva protecting it from trauma during eating, swallowing, and speaking. Mouth soreness is very common in people with reduced saliva (xerostomia) and food (especially dry food) sticks to the inside of the mouth. The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food and helping to create a food bolus. the lubricative function of saliva allows the food bolus to be passed easily from the mouth into the esophagus. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, also called ptyalin, which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine. About

neg: Cycadales subsequently removed and inner portion is ground into a flour. Properly dried cycad seed flour may be stored for several years without deterioration. Food items like "Puttu, Eenthu kanji, Eenthu payasam" etc. are made out of cycad seed powder.These food items are particularly prepared in heavy rainy seasons in Kerala. There is some indication that the regular consumption of starch derived from cycads is a factor in the development of Lytico-Bodig disease, a neurological disease with symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease and ALS. Lytico-Bodic and its potential connection to cycasin ingestion is one of the subjects explored in

neg: History of biotechnology of another fermentation product, lactic acid, made up for a lack of hydraulic fluid, glycerol. On the Allied side the Russian chemist Chaim Weizmann used starch to eliminate Britain's shortage of acetone, a key raw material for cordite, by fermenting maize to acetone. The industrial potential of fermentation was outgrowing its traditional home in brewing, and "zymotechnology" soon gave way to "biotechnology." With food shortages spreading and resources fading, some dreamed of a new industrial solution. The Hungarian Károly Ereky coined the word "biotechnology" in Hungary during 1919 to describe a technology based on converting raw materials into a more

neg: Angel food cake to the sugar as a grinding aid. Pregelatinized starch may be added to increase the rate of starch gelatinization. One method of pregelatinization starts by heating a mixture of starch and water until a gel forms. The gel may be placed on a heated roll in a thin layer in order to dry it. Once all the water has been removed, a starch cake is left on the roll. The cake is then scraped off and pulverized to form a powder. When the pregelatinized starch powder is subjected to water, a gel forms. The pregelatinized starch increases water adsorption. This

neg: Potato ricer through the holes. Another form, sometimes called a rotary ricer, is cone-shaped with small perforations all around the cone. It comes with a wooden pestle that is used to push the food through the holes. A food mill can be used as a substitute for a ricer. This tool is commonly used to rice potatoes, a process that forces cooked potatoes through the ricer and turns the potatoes into fine, thin shreds. The resulting potatoes are lighter and fluffier. The process allows the full starch cells of high-starch potatoes to maintain their integrity and stay separate, giving the potatoes a

neg: Glucose in various forms. One sugar commonly used is glucose, often in the form of glucose tablets (glucose pressed into a tablet shape sometimes with one or more other ingredients as a binder), hard candy, or sugar packet. Most dietary carbohydrates contain glucose, either as their only building block (as in the polysaccharides starch and glycogen), or together with another monosaccharide (as in the hetero-polysaccharides sucrose and lactose). Unbounded glucose is one of the main ingredients of honey. All data with a unit of g (gram) are based on 100 g of a food item. Glucose is produced industrially from starch

neg: Plastic some instances, rodent, pest, or insect attack can also be considered as forms of biodegradation or environmental degradation. Some modes of degradation require that the plastic be exposed at the surface (aerobic), whereas other modes will only be effective if certain conditions exist in landfill or composting systems (anaerobic). Some companies produce biodegradable additives, to enhance biodegradation. Plastic can have starch powder added as a filler to allow it to degrade more easily, but this still does not lead to the complete breaking down of the plastic. Some researchers have genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize completely biodegradable plastics, such as

neg: Fake food hand to create a realistic look and feel. When fake food is made using a mold, the mold is created by dipping real food into silicone. A liquid plastic, typically polyvinyl chloride, is chosen in a color that matches the food, before being poured into the mold and heated in an oven until it solidifies. (When a food sample is not available or would disintegrate or melt in the mold during casting, a clay model of the food must instead be sculpted.) After setting for ten to thirty minutes, any excess vinyl buildup is trimmed off, and the replica is

neg: Arrowroot tea arrowroot. First, the roots are torn into thin shreds. They are then dried for twenty days in shade, followed by ten days in a hot ondol room, after which they are ground to a starch powder. Tea is then made by mixing the starch powder with hot water. The gruel-like tea that results can also be combined with sugar, milk, green tea, or cocoa. Similar tea can also be made using starch powder from the scaly bulbs of Asian fawnlily. "Chikcha" made from the arrowroot flowers can also be prepared by infusing two dried flowers, preferably picked in August, in

neg: Resistant starch by having cooked and cooled corn porridge and beans in their diets. Isolated and extracted resistant starch and foods rich in resistant starch have been used to fortify foods to increase their dietary fiber content. Typically, food fortification utilizes RS2 resistant starch from high amylose corn, RS3 resistant starch from cassava and RS4 resistant starch from wheat and potato, as these sources can survive varying degrees of food processing without losing their resistant starch content. Resistant starch has a small particle size, white appearance, bland flavor and low water-holding capacity. Resistant starch typically replaces flour in foods such as bread

neg: Disposable food packaging single-use articles for use by food employees and single-service articles for use by consumers." The Food Code further states "in situations in which the reuse of multiuse items could result in foodborne illness to consumers, single-service and single-use articles must be used to ensure safety." Disposable foodservice packaging can be made from a number of materials, each with its own uses and benefits. Aluminum is used to manufacture foils, wraps, bags, containers, and trays. Many disposable foodservice products can be made of plastic or plastic-coated paper: cups, plates, bowls, trays, food containers and cutlery, for example. Plastics are used because

neg: Cellophane noodles December 2010, Czech food inspection authorities (SZPI) again inspected Chinese cellophane noodles, this time determining that 142.00 mg/kg of aluminium had been used in the production of the noodles. Above 10 mg/kg is an illegal amount for noodles in Czech (and EU) markets, see Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 669/2009 and its amendments (EU) No 187/2011, 618/2013 annex I. Cellophane noodles Cellophane noodles, also known as glass noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. They are generally sold in dried

neg: Diet food the food may be baked instead of fried thus reducing the food energy. In other cases, low-fat ingredients may be used as replacements. In whole grain foods, the higher fiber content effectively displaces some of the starch component of the flour. Since certain fibers have no food energy, this results in a modest energy reduction. Another technique relies on the intentional addition of other reduced-food-energy ingredients, such as resistant starch or dietary fiber, to replace part of the flour and achieve a more significant energy reduction. In diet foods which replace the sugar with lower-food-energy substitutes, there is some controversy

neg: Starch analysis Starch analysis "Starch analysis" or starch grain analysis is a technique that is useful in archaeological research to determine plant taxa. In certain samples of food plants, spices, drugs and desiccated archaeological plant matter, the histological elements can survive and thus be identified but in other samples, like carbonized (burnt) or older materials this is extremely difficult. However starch grains are much more hardy. The technique relies on the fact that a researcher can analyze or microscopically observe starch grains found on artifacts or in soils. Starch grains, ubiquitous in plants, have individual characteristics and resistance to grinding and drying

neg: Starch analysis Routledge, London. Messner, Timothy C. 2011. Acorns and Bitter Roots: Starch Grain Research in the Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, AL. Torrence, Robin, and Huw Barton, editors. 2006. Ancient Starch Research. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA. Starch analysis "Starch analysis" or starch grain analysis is a technique that is useful in archaeological research to determine plant taxa. In certain samples of food plants, spices, drugs and desiccated archaeological plant matter, the histological elements can survive and thus be identified but in other samples, like carbonized (burnt) or older materials this is extremely difficult. However starch grains

neg: Fermentation in food processing that he termed "zymase". In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research and discovery of "cell-free fermentation". One year earlier, in 1906, ethanol fermentation studies led to the early discovery of NAD. Food fermentation is the conversion of sugars and other carbohydrates into alcohol or preservative organic acids and carbon dioxide. All three products have found human uses. The production of alcohol is made use of when fruit juices are converted to wine, when grains are made into beer, and when foods rich in starch, such as potatoes, are fermented and then distilled to make spirits

neg: Genetically modified food in field trials, but has not been released commercially. Starch or amylum is a polysaccharide produced by all green plants as an energy store. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odourless powder. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. Starch can be further modified to create modified starch for specific purposes, including creation of many of the sugars in processed foods. They include: Lecithin is a naturally occurring lipid. It can be

neg: Wheat allergy is often a cryptic contaminant of many foods; more obvious items are bread crumbs, maltodextrin, bran, cereal extract, couscous, cracker meal, enriched flour, gluten, high-gluten flour, high-protein flour, seitan, semolina wheat, vital gluten, wheat bran, wheat germ, wheat gluten, wheat malt, wheat starch or whole wheat flour. Less obvious sources of wheat could be gelatinized starch, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, modified food starch, modified starch, natural flavoring, soy sauce, soy bean paste, hoisin sauce, starch, vegetable gum, specifically beta-glucan, vegetable starch. Triticeae gluten-free oats (free of wheat, rye or barley) may be a useful source of cereal fiber. Some wheat allergies

neg: Food storage container use to the present day. In more recent times but prior to the invention of the refrigerator many food products were stored in the home as preserves or pickles, often in heat sealed jars such as Kilner jars In the modern developed world, a very wide range of food packaging and containers is now available made from many materials. Many products use low-density polyethylene formed into plastic bags or plastic boxes. There are many makers of plastic boxes some such as Tupperware and Lock & Lock are known throughout much of the developed world. Longer term storage or storage of

neg: Pan de queso especially the Minas Gerais region. Pan de queso Pan de queso (English: Cheese bread) is a traditional Colombian bread or roll made with tapioca flour and grated cheese. It is served plain or filled with cream cheese or jelly. This food is especially common in the Paisa region of Colombia as breakfast or parva. Pan de queso is one of the breads (along with pandebono and buñuelos) that is made with fermented cassava starch. Fermented starch allows biscuits to become light and voluminous. A similar food is prepared in Brazil, known as "pão de queijo". Pão de queijo is common

neg: Pan de queso Pan de queso Pan de queso (English: Cheese bread) is a traditional Colombian bread or roll made with tapioca flour and grated cheese. It is served plain or filled with cream cheese or jelly. This food is especially common in the Paisa region of Colombia as breakfast or parva. Pan de queso is one of the breads (along with pandebono and buñuelos) that is made with fermented cassava starch. Fermented starch allows biscuits to become light and voluminous. A similar food is prepared in Brazil, known as "pão de queijo". Pão de queijo is common in the southeast of Brazil,

neg: Starch mogul Starch mogul A starch mogul is a machine that makes shaped candies or candy centers from syrups or gels, such as gummi candy. These softer candies and centers are made by filling a tray with cornstarch, stamping the desired shape into the starch, and then pouring the filling or gel into the holes made by the stamp. When the candies have set, they are removed from the trays and the starch is recycled. Starch moguls were invented around 1899 and were in common use within a decade or two. Early ones were built from wood, but later ones were made

neg: Wheat gluten (food) and chewiness of the final product. Very little is required, generally about 1 Tablespoon (15ml) per 2-3 cups (480-620 ml) of flour. The powdered form of wheat gluten (vital wheat gluten), is made by hydrating hard wheat flour to activate the gluten and then processing the hydrated mass to remove the starch, leaving only the gluten. The gluten is then dried and ground back into a powder. Seitan may be made from vital wheat gluten or from hard wheat flour (a.k.a. high-protein flour, high-gluten flour, or gluten flour). When seitan is made from vital wheat gluten, the powder is simply

neg: Papeda (food) flour. The still moist sago starch is usually stored in a container made of sago palm leaflets, called "tumang" in which it will keep for several months before spontaneous fermentation will turn it too acidic and unsuitable for making papeda. Depending on the variety and the growing conditions, it may take a sago tree five to fifteen years to accumulate enough starch in its trunk to make the effort of extracting it worthwhile. Papeda is made by cooking sago starch with water and stirring until it coagulates. It has a glue-like consistency and texture. Papeda is usually eaten with yellow

neg: Biopolymer > Lactic acid > Polylactic acid (PLA) Biomass > (fermentation) > Bioethanol > Ethene > Polyethylene Many types of packaging can be made from biopolymers: food trays, blown starch pellets for shipping fragile goods, thin films for wrapping. Biopolymers can be sustainable, carbon neutral and are always renewable, because they are made from plant materials which can be grown indefinitely. These plant materials come from agricultural non food crops. Therefore, the use of biopolymers would create a sustainable industry. In contrast, the feedstocks for polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually deplete. In addition, biopolymers have the potential to cut carbon

neg: Modified starch Modified starch Modified starch, also called starch derivatives, are prepared by physically, enzymatically, or chemically treating native starch to change its properties. Modified starches are used in practically all starch applications, such as in food products as a thickening agent, stabilizer or emulsifier; in pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant; or as binder in coated paper. They are also used in many other applications. Starches are modified to enhance their performance in different applications. Starches may be modified to increase their stability against excessive heat, acid, shear, time, cooling, or freezing; to change their texture; to decrease or increase their viscosity; to

neg: Bustos, Bulacan Tibagan. Bustos has their own trademark product, the finger food 'Minasa'. Minasa refers to "cassava cookies", made from cassava flour, egg yolk, yeast, butter, and coco milk. It is somehow compared to "Uraro", another local delicacy. It is one of the famous treats from the province of Bulacan which is traded in local and global market of Filipino "pasalubong" products. Way back Spanish colonization era here in the Philippines, these Minasa cookies were made of sago (arrowroot) starch and not cassava. The main ingredient was changed because of the long production time of sago starch and cassava starch is cheaper

neg: Modified starch paper industry, as well as the creation of new food additives. For example, researchers aim to alter the enzymes within living plants to create starches with desirable modified properties, and thus eliminate the need for enzymatic processing after starch is extracted from the plant. Modified starch Modified starch, also called starch derivatives, are prepared by physically, enzymatically, or chemically treating native starch to change its properties. Modified starches are used in practically all starch applications, such as in food products as a thickening agent, stabilizer or emulsifier; in pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant; or as binder in coated paper. They are

neg: Plastic-coated paper coat of a protective polymer to seal the print, provide scuff resistance, and sometimes gloss. Some coatings are processed by UV curing for stability. Most plastic coatings in the packaging industry are polyethylene (LDPE) and to a much lesser degree PET. Shelf-stable cartons typically contain 74% paper, 22% plastic and 4% aluminum. Frozen food cartons are usually made up of a 80% paper and 20% plastic combination. The most notable applications for plastic-coated paper are single use (disposable food packaging): Plastic coatings or layers usually make paper recycling more difficult. Some plastic laminations can be separated from the paper during

neg: Modified starch dextrinization. Other starch derivatives, the starch sugars, like glucose, high fructose syrup, glucose syrups, maltodextrins, starch degraded with amylase enzyme are mainly sold as liquid syrup to make a sweetener. Pre-gelatinized starch is used to thicken instant desserts, allowing the food to thicken with the addition of cold water or milk. Similarly, cheese sauce granules (such as in Macaroni and Cheese or lasagna) or gravy granules may be thickened with boiling water without the product going lumpy. Commercial pizza toppings containing modified starch will thicken when heated in the oven, keeping them on top of the pizza, and then become

neg: Boil-in-bag Boil-in-bag Boil-in-bags are a form of packaged food products in which bagged food is heated or cooked in boiling water. Plastic bags can be solid and impermeable for holding frozen foods; alternatively, bags can be porous or perforated to allow boiling water into the bag. Food packaged in this manner is often sold as boil-in-the-bag. Prepared foods can be securely packed into plastic bags, frozen, and often packed into paperboard folding cartons. A consumer takes the pouch and places it into boiling water for a specified period. The bag is either cut open or can have an easy-opening feature. Bags

neg: Starch tonnes of starch were being produced per year worldwide by 2008. In the EU this was around 8.5 million tonnes, with around 40% being used for industrial applications and 60% for food uses, most of the latter as glucose syrups. Most green plants use starch as their energy store.The extra glucose is changed into starch which is more complex than glucose(by plants). An exception is the family Asteraceae (asters, daisies and sunflowers), where starch is replaced by the fructan inulin. Inulin-like fructans are also present in grasses such as wheat, in onions and garlic, bananas, and asparagus. In photosynthesis, plants

neg: Sheba (cat food) two servings, but the consumer must manually separate the portions for their pet. The Perfect Portions line reintroduced the plastic packaging by splitting the contents of one can into two separate serving trays, thus eliminating the need for manual separation. The line is priced slightly higher than Sheba canned food. Sheba (cat food) Sheba is a brand of canned cat food produced by Mars, Incorporated. In January 2011, Mars Petcare US announced that Sheba would be discontinued and thus will no longer be available for purchase in the United States. A special webpage explained that the decision was based on

neg: Food some or all of the food's sugar with a sugar substitute as is common with diet soft drinks such as Coca-Cola (for example Diet Coke). In some snacks, the food may be baked instead of fried thus reducing the food energy. In other cases, low-fat ingredients may be used as replacements. In whole grain foods, the higher fiber content effectively displaces some of the starch component of the flour. Since certain fibers have no food energy, this results in a modest energy reduction. Another technique relies on the intentional addition of other reduced-food-energy ingredients, such as resistant starch or dietary

neg: Potato starch cake, it is used to keep the cake moist and give a soft texture. It is also occasionally used in the preparation of pre-packed grated cheese, to reduce sweating and binding. Other examples are "helmipuuro", a porridge made from monodisperse grains of potato starch and milk, and "papeda" (the Moluccan community in the Netherlands uses potato starch to make "papeda"). It is also used in non-food applications as wallpaper adhesive, for textile finishing and textile sizing, in paper coating and sizing, and as an adhesive in paper sacks and gummed tape. Potato starch was also used in one of the

neg: Indian cuisine the Telugu cuisine, of Telangana's Telugu people as well as Hyderabadi cuisine (also known as Nizami cuisine), of Telangana's Hyderabadi Muslim community. Hyderabadi food is based heavily on non-vegetarian ingredients, while Telugu food is a mix of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian ingredients. Telugu food is rich in spices and chillies are abundantly used. The food also generally tends to be more on the tangy side with tamarind and lime juice both used liberally as souring agents. Rice is the staple food of Telugu people. Starch is consumed with a variety of curries and lentil soups or broths. Vegetarian and non-vegetarian

neg: Microwave oven cooking raises the issue of plasticizers leaching into the food, or the plastics chemically reacting to microwave energy, with by-products leaching into the food, suggesting that even plastic containers marked "microwavable" may still leach plastic by-products into the food. The plasticizers which received the most attention are bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, although it is unclear whether other plastic components present a toxicity risk. Other issues include melting and flammability. An alleged issue of release of dioxins into food has been dismissed as an intentional red herring distraction from actual safety issues. Some current plastic containers and food wraps are

neg: Blaptica dubia food, crested gecko meal and bearded dragon food can also be used to supplement their diet. They will also eat wheat bran and germ-based food products like assorted breads, non-sweetened breakfast cereals (such as Cheerios or Special K), and even softened pasta, although such diets must be augmented with edible vegetation and fruit of some sort to provide sufficient water. High starch tubers like potatoes and yams are eaten with disdain and seemingly only for their water content. New born nymph dubia seem to depend on the adults waste for survival. Too much protein in dubia may cause gout and