query: what is the name given to the first scale degree

pos: Degree (music) Degree (music) In music theory, scale degree refers to the position of a particular note on a scale relative to the tonic, the first and main note of the scale from which each octave is assumed to begin. Degrees are useful for indicating the size of intervals and chords, and whether they are major or minor. In the most general sense, the scale degree merely is the number given to each step of the scale, usually starting with 1=tonic. Defining it like this implies that a tonic is specified. For instance the 7-tone diatonic scale may become the major scale

pos: Aeolian dominant scale Aeolian dominant scale The Aeolian dominant scale (also known as the Hindu scale, the Mixolydian 6 [or 13], Aeolian major, and melodic major) is the fifth mode of the melodic minor scale. It is named such because its sound derives from having a dominant seventh chord on the tonic in the context of what is otherwise the Aeolian mode and because it is on the fifth degree of the melodic minor scale. This scale can also be obtained by raising the third degree of the natural minor scale. \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { </score> The name "melodic

pos: Degree (music) Degree (music) In music theory, scale degree refers to the position of a particular note on a scale relative to the tonic, the first and main note of the scale from which each octave is assumed to begin. Degrees are useful for indicating the size of intervals and chords, and whether they are major or minor. In the most general sense, the scale degree merely is the number given to each step of the scale, usually starting with 1=tonic. Defining it like this implies that a tonic is specified. For instance the 7-tone diatonic scale may become the major scale

pos: Fife (instrument) to define sounded notes in terms of scale degree, as with a movable-do system, and then to express any pitch having a given scale degree in the context of a given musical piece, regardless of that pitch's absolute value, in terms of a staff position defined as corresponding to that scale degree. The more specific effect is to treat fife subtypes sounding in different keys as comparable to transposing-instrument subtypes ("e.g.", of clarinet) sounding in those keys except that the tonic of the key in which a given fife sounds is set as corresponding to D rather than C, such

pos: Degree (music) once the proper degree has been chosen as tonic (e.g. the C-major scale C–D–E–F–G–A–B, in which C is the tonic). If the scale has no tonic, the starting degree must be chosen arbitrarily. In set theory, for instance, the 12 degrees of the chromatic scale usually are numbered starting from C=0, the twelve pitch classes being numbered from 0 to 11. In a more specific sense, scale degrees are given names that indicate their particular function within the scale. This definition implies a functional scale, as is the case in tonal music. The expression scale step is sometimes used synonymously

pos: Tonic (music) C is the note C. The tonic is often confused with the root, which is the reference note of a chord, rather than that of the scale. Most chords (e.g., ii, IV, V) are not tonic chords. The tonic chord is represented with the Roman numeral I (if major) or i (if minor). The other types of chords are given different Roman numerals, such as (in a major key) ii for the chord built on the second scale degree, IV for the chord built on the fourth scale degree, V for the chord built on the fifth scale degree, and

pos: Minor scale C major. Every major key has a relative minor, which starts on the 6th scale degree or step. For instance, since the 6th degree of F major is D, the relative minor of F major is D minor. A natural minor scale can also be constructed by altering a major scale with accidentals. In this way, a natural minor scale is represented by the following notation: Each degree of the scale, starting with the tonic (the first, lowest note of the scale), is represented by a number. Their difference from the major scale is shown. Thus, a number without a

pos: Consecutive fifths confined to the notes of the tonic chord. Horn fifths occur when the upper voice is on the first three scale degrees. Traditional horn fifths actually come in pairs. Begin with the upper instrument on the third scale degree and the lower instrument on the tonic. Then move the upper instrument to the second scale degree and the second instrument down to the fifth scale degree. Because the distance from 5 up to 2 is a perfect fifth, we have just created a hidden fifth by descending motion. The first instrument can then complete its descent to 1 as the

pos: Key signature signature.) This table shows that each scale starting on the fifth scale degree of the previous scale has one new sharp, added in the order given above. "Flat key signatures" consist of one to seven flats, applied as: The mnemonic device is then reversed for use in the flat keys: "Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father". The major scale with one flat is F major. In all other "flat major scales", the tonic or key note of a piece in a major key is four notes below the last flat, which is the same as the second-to-last flat in

pos: Tonic sol-fa once the music has modulated, then the names for the new key are used. The modulation itself is marked by superscript of the old note name preceding its new name; for example, in modulation to the dominant, the new tonic is notated as d. The music then proceeds in the new key until another modulation is notated. Minor keys use l (la) as the tonic. The ascending sixth scale degree in melodic minor is noted as ba (pronounced "bay") instead of fe, which is reserved for the sharp f of the major scale. Rhythms are notated with bar lines (used

pos: Scale (music) of a certain tonic, the notes of a scale are often labeled with numbers recording how many scale steps above the tonic they are. For example, the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) can be labeled {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, reflecting the choice of C as tonic. The expression scale degree refers to these numerical labels. Such labeling requires the choice of a "first" note; hence scale-degree labels are not intrinsic to the scale itself, but rather to its modes. For example, if we choose A as tonic, then we

neg: Solfège Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hong Kong, and English-speaking Canada. The movable do system is a fundamental element of the Kodály method used primarily in Hungary, but with a dedicated following worldwide. In the movable do system, each solfège syllable corresponds not to a pitch, but to a scale degree: The first degree of a major scale is always sung as "do", the second as "re", etc. (For minor keys, see below.) In movable do, a given tune is therefore always sol-faed on the same syllables, no matter what key it is in. The solfège syllables used for

neg: Seventh chord the dominant triad. The chord can be represented by the integer notation {0, 4, 7, 10}. Of all the seventh chords, perhaps the most important is the dominant seventh. It was the first seventh chord to appear regularly in classical music. The name comes from the fact that the flat seventh occurs naturally in the chord built upon the dominant (i.e., the fifth degree) of a given major diatonic scale. Take for example the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C): The note G is the dominant degree of C major—its fifth note. When we arrange

neg: Hungarian gypsy scale augmented): in semitones: Hungarian gypsy scale Hungarian scale or Hungarian Gypsy Scale is a name given by different authorities to two different scale forms. The more commonly used of these scales, also called Hungarian minor scale or double harmonic minor scale, can be found by sharpening the 4th degree of the harmonic minor scale to introduce an additional gap, or augmented second. This is a symmetrical scale that is very common in Flamenco. In Indian classical Carnatic music, it is known as the ragam Simhendramadhyamam. It also shows up occasionally in Western Classical music selections, such as mm. 5-6 of

neg: Hungarian gypsy scale Hungarian gypsy scale Hungarian scale or Hungarian Gypsy Scale is a name given by different authorities to two different scale forms. The more commonly used of these scales, also called Hungarian minor scale or double harmonic minor scale, can be found by sharpening the 4th degree of the harmonic minor scale to introduce an additional gap, or augmented second. This is a symmetrical scale that is very common in Flamenco. In Indian classical Carnatic music, it is known as the ragam Simhendramadhyamam. It also shows up occasionally in Western Classical music selections, such as mm. 5-6 of Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsody

neg: Edward Bunting the diatonic scale" are characteristic of the Irish tune. Through his study, Bunting has found that it is in fact the "presence" of the "Submediant or major sixth" (i.e. the sixth scale degree) in any given tune that lends it an Irish flavour. It is important to note, Bunting tells us, that what makes music Irish is not a "deficiency" of a tone or tones, but rather the inclusion of one. Continuing in his discussion of the "peculiarity" of "Irish melody", Bunting lays out what he considers to be the harmony of "three-fourths of our (Irish) song and harp airs",

neg: David Tepper the baseball statistics on the backs of cards given to him by his grandfather—early evidence of what he claims is a photographic memory.” In a 2018 commencement address at Carnegie Mellon University, he revealed that his father had been physically abusive toward him. He attended Peabody High School in Pittsburgh's East Liberty neighborhood, followed by the University of Pittsburgh, helping pay his way by working at the Frick Fine Arts library. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and graduated with honors. He also began small scale investing in various markets during college. His first two investments, given

neg: Major scale scale" is also used in the names of some other scales whose first, third, and fifth degrees form a major triad. The harmonic major scale has a minor sixth. It differs from the harmonic minor scale only by raising the third degree. \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { </score> There are two scales that go by the name melodic major scale: The first is the fifth mode of the jazz minor scale, which can be thought of as the major scale (Ionian mode) with a lowered sixth and seventh degree or the natural minor scale (Aeolian mode) with

neg: Dominant seventh chord music. The name comes from the fact that it occurs naturally in the seventh chord built upon the dominant (i.e., the fifth degree, ) of a given major scale. In Roman numerals, this is represented as V. The V is found almost as often as the V, the dominant triad. The note G is the dominant degree of C major—its fifth note. When we arrange the notes of the C major scale in ascending pitch and use only these notes to build a seventh chord, and we start with G (not C), then the resulting chord contains the four notes

neg: Kelvin the unit name to simply "kelvin" (symbol: K). The omission of "degree" indicates that it is not relative to an arbitrary reference point like the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales (although the Rankine scale continued to use "degree Rankine"), but rather an absolute unit of measure which can be manipulated algebraically (e.g. multiplied by two to indicate twice the amount of "mean energy" available among elementary degrees of freedom of the system). In science and engineering, degrees Celsius and kelvins are often used simultaneously in the same article, where absolute temperatures are given in degrees Celsius, but temperature intervals are given

neg: Ballantine scale the scale is given below. The scale runs from 1) an "extremely exposed" shore, to 8) an "extremely sheltered" shore. The littoral zone generally is the zone between low and high tides. The supra-littoral is above the barnacle line. A modified exposure scale of five stages applying to the shores of the British Isles is given by Lewis (1964): Ballantine scale The Ballantine scale is a biologically defined scale for measuring the degree of exposure level of wave action on a rocky shore. Devised in 1961 by W. J. Ballantine, then at the zoology department of Queen Mary College, London,

neg: Scale-free network set "E", and denote the degree of a vertex formula_5 (that is, the number of edges incident to formula_5) by formula_7. Define This is maximized when high-degree nodes are connected to other high-degree nodes. Now define where "s" is the maximum value of "s"("H") for "H" in the set of all graphs with degree distribution identical to that of "G". This gives a metric between 0 and 1, where a graph "G" with small "S"("G") is "scale-rich", and a graph "G" with "S"("G") close to 1 is "scale-free". This definition captures the notion of self-similarity implied in the name "scale-free".

neg: Rømer scale he redefined the lower fixed point to be the freezing point of water at precisely 7.5 degrees. This did not greatly change the scale but made it easier to calibrate by defining it by reference to pure water. Thus the unit of this scale, a Rømer degree, is 100/52.5 = 40/21 of a kelvin or Celsius degree. The symbol is sometimes given as °R, but since that is also sometimes used for the Réaumur and Rankine scales, the other symbol °Rø is to be preferred. The Rømer scale is no longer in use but is of some historical importance. Alongside

neg: Introduction to the metric system right angle. To avoid confusion, the BIPM and other standards first referred to the degree centigrade as the ""centesimal degree"" but in 1948, the CGPM changed the name to "degree Celsius", in honour of the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius who first proposed a similar scale (though Celsius' scale had 0 and 100 switched around). However, they retained the symbol . When the metric system was first introduced in 1795, all metric units could be defined by reference to the standard metre or to the standard kilogram. In 1832 Carl Friedrich Gauss, when making the first absolute measurements of the Earth's

neg: Ensemble forecasting prediction it is more common to stochastically vary the value of the parameters in time and space. The degree of parameter perturbation can be guided using expert judgement, or by directly estimating the degree of parameter uncertainty for a given model. A traditional parametrisation scheme seeks to represent the average effect of the sub grid-scale motion (e.g. convective clouds) on the resolved scale state (e.g. the large scale temperature and wind fields). A stochastic parametrisation scheme recognises that there may be many sub-grid scale states consistent with a particular resolved scale state. Instead of predicting the most likely sub-grid scale

neg: Acoustic scale by folk music from the Polish Highlands. The acoustic scale is also remarkably common in the music of Nordeste, the northeastern region of Brazil (see Escala nordestina). It plays a major role in jazz harmony, where it is used to accompany dominant seventh chords starting on the first scale degree. The term "acoustic scale" was coined by Ernő Lendvai in his analysis of the music of Béla Bartók. The name "acoustic scale" refers to the resemblance to the eighth through 14th partials in the harmonic series (). Starting on C, the harmonic series is C, C, G, C, E, G,

neg: Technicolor (physics) experiments at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. Some of these issues can be addressed with a class of theories known as “walking technicolor”. Technicolor is the name given to the theory of electroweak symmetry breaking by new strong gauge-interactions whose characteristic energy scale "Λ" is the weak scale itself, "Λ" ≈ "F" ≡ 246 GeV. The guiding principle of technicolor is "naturalness": basic physical phenomena should not require fine-tuning of the parameters in the Lagrangian that describes them. What constitutes fine-tuning is to some extent a subjective matter, but a theory with elementary scalar particles typically is very finely

neg: Diatonic scale The pattern of elementary intervals forming the diatonic scale can be represented either by the letters T (Tone) and S (Semitone) respectively. With this abbreviation, major scale, for instance, can be represented as The major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales. It is made up of seven distinct notes, plus an eighth that duplicates the first an octave higher. The pattern of seven intervals separating the eight notes is T–T–S–T–T–T–S. In solfege, the syllables used to name each degree of the scale are "Do–Re–Mi–Fa–Sol–La–Ti–Do". A sequence of successive natural notes starting from C is an example

neg: Degree Angular Scale Interferometer projects seeking to discover B-modes as evidence for gravitational waves. The DASI however, was not large enough to be useful in the search for B-modes, and having accomplished what it had been designed for, was decommissioned. Degree Angular Scale Interferometer The Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) was a telescope installed at the U.S. National Science Foundation's Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. It was a 13-element interferometer operating between 26 and 36 GHz (Ka band) in ten bands. The instrument is similar in design to the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) and the Very Small Array (VSA). In 2001 The DASI

neg: Scale (music) Also commonly used is the (movable do) solfège naming convention in which each scale degree is denoted by a syllable. In the major scale, the solfège syllables are: do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do (or ut). In naming the notes of a scale, it is customary that each scale degree be assigned its own letter name: for example, the A major scale is written A–B–C–D–E–F–G rather than A–B–D–D–E–E–G. However, it is impossible to do this in scales that contain more than seven notes, at least in the English-language nomenclature system. Scales may also be

neg: Bayati (maqam) Bayati (maqam) Bayātī (Arabic بياتي), AKA Bayat and Uşşâk (Ushaq), is the name of a maqam (musical mode) in Arabic, Turkish, and related systems of music. Some Islamic people are known by the name Bayati. It is also used as a 'name of home'. Bayati is similar to a natural minor scale, with the primary exception of a half-flat second degree. The dominant of the scale is on the fourth degree. The maqam is immensely popular in the Arab world, particularly in the Levant. In secular settings, it is favored in dabke and pop music. Bayati is also used very

neg: Aeolian mode of Asia Minor. In the music theory of ancient Greece, it was an alternative name (used by some later writers, such as Cleonides) for what Aristoxenus called the Low Lydian "tonos" (in the sense of a particular overall pitching of the musical system—not a scale), nine semitones higher than the lowest "position of the voice", which was called Hypodorian. In the mid-16th century, this name was given by Heinrich Glarean to his newly defined ninth mode, with the diatonic octave species of the natural notes extending one octave from A to A—corresponding to the modern natural minor scale. Up until

neg: Gradian the name of the temperature scale. The unit originated in connection with the French Revolution in France as the "grade", along with the metric system, hence it is occasionally referred to as a "metric degree". Due to confusion with the existing term "grad(e)" in some northern European countries (meaning a standard degree, of a turn), the name "gon" was later adopted, first in those regions, later as the international standard. In German, the unit was formerly also called "Neugrad" (new degree), likewise "Nygrad" in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian (also "Gradian"), and "Nýgráða" in Icelandic. Although attempts at a general introduction

neg: Little Miss Lake Panasoffkee America. Konstantina had arrived in America at exactly the same time as the forensic testing indicated the victim had. In 1971, a collection of forensic facial reconstructions was made to show what Little Miss Lake Panasoffkee may have looked like at stages of her life. In 2012, another composite was created, visually different from the first. The composite was combined with a scale model of the victim's clothing. Little Miss Lake Panasoffkee Little Miss Lake Panasoffkee or Little Miss Panasoffkee is the name given to an unidentified young woman found murdered on February 19, 1971, in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida. She

neg: Scale model dimensional requirements. A model that satisfies first-order similarity is called an "adequate model". Finally, for scale models that fail to satisfy one or more of the first-order requirements, the name "distorted model" is given. Scale models are used by many fields for many different purposes. Some of the specific uses of scale models by specific fields are explained below in the examples. Although structural engineering has been a field of study for thousands of years and many of the great problems have been solved using analytical and numerical techniques, many problems are still too complicated to understand in an analytical

neg: Content validity Value Content validity In psychometrics, content validity (also known as logical validity) refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct. For example, a depression scale may lack content validity if it only assesses the affective dimension of depression but fails to take into account the behavioral dimension. An element of subjectivity exists in relation to determining content validity, which requires a degree of agreement about what a particular personality trait such as extraversion represents. A disagreement about a personality trait will prevent the gain of a high content validity. Content validity is different

neg: Content validity Content validity In psychometrics, content validity (also known as logical validity) refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct. For example, a depression scale may lack content validity if it only assesses the affective dimension of depression but fails to take into account the behavioral dimension. An element of subjectivity exists in relation to determining content validity, which requires a degree of agreement about what a particular personality trait such as extraversion represents. A disagreement about a personality trait will prevent the gain of a high content validity. Content validity is different from

neg: Minor major seventh chord a minor major seventh chord and the chord is heard many times throughout the fugue. The chord, infrequent in rock and popular music, is, "virtually always found on the fourth scale degree in the major mode", thus making the seventh of the chord the third of the scale and perhaps explaining the rarity of the chord, given the "propensity of the third scale degree to be lowered as a blues alteration." Examples occur in Lesley Gore's "It's My Party" (see also augmented triad), the Chiffons' "One Fine Day", Mariah Carey's "Vision Of Love", Pink Floyd's "Us and Them", Toni Braxton's

neg: Westmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia Scale The WPTAS takes approximately three minutes and is administered according to specific guidelines. The scale is first administered once a patient is conscious and able to communicate (either verbally or non-verbally). On the first administration, the patient is asked seven questions related to orientation (e.g. “what day of the week is it?”). Thus, the most a patient can score on the first day of testing is 7/7. Following the seven questions, the patient is then given the opportunity to learn information which will form part of five additional memory questions that are asked on subsequent PTA testing. This includes the

neg: Grover (given name) Grover (given name) Grover is a masculine given name. Grover first became popular as a given name in the United States during the presidencies of Grover Cleveland, in part of a long-standing American trend of naming babies after presidents. Cleveland's official first name was Stephen; he was named after Stephen Grover, a former minister at the church his parents attended. However, from childhood, Cleveland's friends addressed him by his middle name instead, and so what was originally the surname Grover became a given name. According to Social Security Administration data, the name Grover increased in frequency by 850 per 100,000

neg: Barthel scale Barthel scale The Barthel scale or Barthel ADL index is an ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL). Each performance item is rated on this scale with a given number of points assigned to each level or ranking. It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. A higher number is associated with a greater likelihood of being able to live at home with a degree of independence following discharge from hospital. The amount of time and physical assistance required to perform each item are used in determining the assigned value of each item. External factors

neg: Falcatus Falcatus Falcatus is an extinct genus of Falcatidae which lived during the early Carboniferous Period in Bear Gulch bay and what is now Montana. It was a 25–30 cm or 10-12 inches long "cladodont-toothed stethacanthid shark" The first material known from the genus were the prominent fin spines that curved anteriorly over the head of the animal. When first described in 1883 from the St. Louis Limestone, these remains were given the name "Physonemus falcatus". However, in 1985, fossils of a new type of condrichthyan from Montana were described that displayed a high degree of sexual dimorphism. The same spines

neg: Scale-invariant feature transform in which it was found. The similarity transform implied by these 4 parameters is only an approximation to the full 6 degree-of-freedom pose space for a 3D object and also does not account for any non-rigid deformations. Therefore, Lowe used broad bin sizes of 30 degrees for orientation, a factor of 2 for scale, and 0.25 times the maximum projected training image dimension (using the predicted scale) for location. The SIFT key samples generated at the larger scale are given twice the weight of those at the smaller scale. This means that the larger scale is in effect able to

neg: Jazz minor scale Jazz minor scale The jazz minor scale is a derivative of the melodic minor scale, except only the ascending form of the scale is used. As the name implies, it is primarily used in jazz. It may be derived from the major scale with a minor third, making it a synthetic scale, and features a dominant seventh chord on the fifth degree (V) like the harmonic minor scale. \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { </score> Thus, the jazz minor scale can be represented by the following notation: The scale may be considered to originate in the use of

neg: Kudungga of his descendants, Aswawarman and Mulawarman, containing elements of Indian name. In this case. Poesponegoro and Notosusanto (1993) states that there is a name that is similar to Bugis, namely "Kadungga". The resemblance of this name is considered not just a coincidence given in South Sulawesi also found several inscriptions similar to what is found in Kutai. Poesponegoro and Notosusanto (1993) further concluded that the most likely, both Kudungga who named his son Asvavarman and Asvavarman himself named his son Mulavarman, eager to equate their degree and their descendant align with the knight caste as in India. This possibility based

neg: Fuzzy markup language computer network. The fuzzy knowledge base is defined by means of the tag codice_2 which maintains the set of fuzzy concepts used to model the fuzzy rule base. In order to define the fuzzy concept related controlled system, codice_2 tag uses a set of nested tags: The attributes of codice_4 tag are: "name", "scale", "domainLeft", "domainRight", "type" and, for only an output, "accumulation", "defuzzifier" and "defaultValue". The "name" attribute defines the name of fuzzy concept, for instance, "temperature"; "scale" is used to define the scale used to measure the fuzzy concept, for instance, "Celsius degree"; "domainLeft" and "domainRight" are used

neg: Rating scale (i.e. that the ratings represent what they are supposed to represent).The degree of validity of an instrument is determined through the application of logic/or statistical procedures." A measurement procedure is valid to the degree that if measures what it proposes to measure" Another fundamental issue is that online ratings usually involve convenience sampling much like television polls, i.e. they represent only the opinions of those inclined to submit ratings. Validity is concerned with different aspects of the measurement process.Each of these types uses logic, statistical verification or both to determine the degree of validity and has special value under certain

neg: Degree (temperature) Degree (temperature) The term degree is used in several scales of temperature. The symbol ° is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit, for example “°C” for degree(s) Celsius. A degree can be defined as a set change in temperature measured against a given scale, for example, one degree Celsius is one hundredth of the temperature change between the point at which water starts to change state from solid to liquid state and the point at which it starts to change from its gaseous state to liquid. Common scales of temperature measured in degrees: Other scales of

neg: Sigah Sigah Segah (or Sigah; Persian: سه‌گاه) is the name of a Dastgah (musical mode) in Persian and related systems of music. "Segah" (From Persian "se-gāh", سه + گاه = سه‌گاه "third place") is named because the maqam starts on the third degree in relation to the "basic" Turko-Arabic scale found in Rast. Sigah features a half-flat tonic and a half-flat fifth scale degree; as such, it has an unstable sound that tends to favor its own third degree, found on a whole tone. Middle eastern Sephardic Jews make heavy use of this in their liturgy. For the prayers during Parashas

neg: Diatonic scale of major scale, called C-major scale. The eight degrees of the scale are also known by traditional names, especially when used in a tonal context: For each major scale, there is a corresponding natural minor scale, sometimes called its relative minor. It uses the same sequence of notes as the corresponding major scale but starts from a different note. That is, it begins on the sixth degree of the major scale and proceeds step-by-step to the first octave of the sixth degree. A sequence of successive natural notes starting from A is an example of a natural minor scale, called

neg: Chi-squared distribution of freedom, respectively, then is chi-squared distributed with degrees of freedom. The sample mean of formula_16 i.i.d. chi-squared variables of degree formula_29 is distributed according to a gamma distribution with shape formula_30 and scale formula_31 parameters: Asymptotically, given that for a scale parameter formula_33 going to infinity, a Gamma distribution converges towards a normal distribution with expectation formula_34 and variance formula_35, the sample mean converges towards: Note that we would have obtained the same result invoking instead the central limit theorem, noting that for each chi-squared variable of degree formula_37 the expectation is formula_37 , and its variance formula_39 (and

neg: Social network node-level, homophily and attribute-based activity and popularity effects, as derived from explicit hypotheses about dependencies among network ties. Parameters are given in terms of the prevalence of small subgraph configurations in the network and can be interpreted as describing the combinations of local social processes from which a given network emerges. These probability models for networks on a given set of actors allow generalization beyond the restrictive dyadic independence assumption of micro-networks, allowing models to be built from theoretical structural foundations of social behavior. Scale-free networks: A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at

neg: Kerry (name) in Wales a first name, either masculine or feminine. [[Category:English unisex given names]] [[Category:English-language unisex given names]] [[Category:Irish unisex given names]] [[Category:Irish-language unisex given names]] Kerry (name) Kerry or Kerri is both a masculine and feminine English language given name of Gaelic (Irish) origin. In its original form Ciarraighe ("Ciarraí"), it denoted "the people of Ciar" ("ciar-raighe"), Ciar being the son of Fergus mac Róich, who gave his name to County Kerry. Ciarraighe was thus the name of the pre-Gaelic tribe who lived in the area of what is now County Kerry. However branches of the Ciarraighe were all over

neg: Major and minor is relatively decorative chromaticism, considered to add color and weaken sense of key without entirely destroying or losing it. Major and minor chords may each be found in both the major and minor scales, constructed on different degrees of each. For example, in the parallel keys on C on the first degree of the major scale a major chord (C-E-G) is constructed while on the first degree of the minor scale a minor chord (C-E-G) is constructed: There are three variations of the minor scale: natural, harmonic and melodic. In the natural minor scale, all scale degrees are the same

neg: Cadence (music) given its name in the 20th century. The hallmark of this device is the dissonant augmented octave (compound augmented unison) produced by a false relation between the split seventh scale degree, as shown below in an excerpt from "O sacrum convivium" by Thomas Tallis. The courtesy accidental on the tenor's G is editorial. \override Score.SpacingSpanner.strict-note-spacing = ##t </score> A Landini cadence (also known as a "Landini sixth", "Landini sixth cadence", or "under-third cadence") is a cadence that was used extensively in the 14th and early 15th century. It is named after Francesco Landini, a composer who used them prodigiously. Similar

neg: Gradient network of gradient edges pointing into i, and the in-degree distribution formula_7"{"k formula_8"}" When the substrate G is random graph, and each pair of nodes is connected with probability "P", the scalars " h" are i.i.d. (independent identically distributed) the exact expression for R(l) is given by formula_9 In the limit N →∞ and P → 0, the degree distribution becomes the power law formula_10 This shows in this limit, the gradient network of random network is scale-free. If the subtstrate network G is scale-free, like BA model, then the gradient network also follow the power-law with the same exponent as

neg: How Sacred Harp music is sung often taught to classical musicians, the "natural minor scale" has the following form, corresponding to the Aeolian mode. " to hear ( format, 105 Kb)" Most minor Sacred Harp tunes are notated in the natural minor, as given above. However, in Sacred Harp singing, it is common to sing the "sixth degree" of the minor scale, wherever it may appear, one semitone higher than it is written. In musical terminology, the minor scale that results is called the Dorian mode. In the following notation, the notes that in Sacred Harp are called “raised sixths” are shown in red. " to

neg: Low-degree saturation Low-degree saturation In a scale-free network the degree distribution follows a power law function. In some empirical examples this power-law fits the degree distribution well only in the high degree region, however for small degree nodes the empirical degree-distribution deviates from it. See for example the network of scientific citations. This deviation of the observed degree-distribution from the theoretical prediction at the low-degree region is often referred as low-degree saturation. Typically the empirical degree-distribution deviates downwards from the power-law function fitted on higher order nodes, which means low-degree nodes are less frequent in real data than what is predicted by

neg: Insulin (medication) glulisine are approved for dosage with the first bite of the meal, and may even be effective if given after completing the meal. The short-acting insulin is also used to correct hyperglycemia. The usual schedule for checking fingerstick blood glucose and administering insulin is before all meals and sometimes also at bedtime. More recent guidelines also call for a check 2 hours after a meal to ensure the meal has been 'covered' effectively. First described in 1934, what physicians typically refer to as sliding-scale insulin (SSI) is fast- or rapid-acting insulin only, given subcutaneously, typically at meal times and sometimes

neg: Procedural impropriety in Singapore administrative law were judicial or quasi-judicial in nature, but not those that were "administrative". Instead, he held that the role of the courts was to assess what a reasonable person would regard as fair procedure in any given circumstances. Following this case, the development of natural justice principles led to a "sliding scale of fairness", with the degree of fairness required varying with the context and circumstances of each case. In "Lloyd v. McMahon" (1987), Lord Bridge of Harwich outlined some considerations to take into account, including the character of the decision-making body, the kind of decision it has to make, and

neg: Rosiwal scale with corundum with a base value of 1000. The Rosiwal scale is used in mineralogy in the same way as Mohs scale and Knoop scale. Rosiwal scale The Rosiwal scale is a hardness scale, with its name given in memory of the Austrian geologist August Karl Rosiwal. The Rosiwal scale bases its measure on absolute values, unlike the Mohs scale whose values are relative values, its interest is relegated to the amateur or an approach that makes it useful in the research field ('in situ'). The Rosiwal method (also called Delesse and Rosiwal) is basically a method of petrographic analysis

neg: Dassault LOGIDUC a fighter-sized stealth UCLAV type supporting the Dassault Rafale in the 2010s and to design autonomous stealth fighters primary used by the French Air Force circa 2025. The two first vehicles, AVE-D and AVE-C, are scale model 1/100 (50kg) and 1/10 (500kg) stealth "tactical drones" (UAV), while the final version was to be a full-scale (5,000kg) prototype stealth "combat drone" (UCAV). Each vehicle was given an owl name as "Duc" ("duke") is the French name of a nocturnal bird of prey species known in Latin as "Otus" aka Scops owl. "Petit Duc" ("small duke") stands for scops owl, "Moyen Duc"

neg: A Blueprint for Survival Conservation Society, and Michael Allaby) who argued for a radically restructured society in order to prevent what the authors referred to as "“the breakdown of society and the irreversible disruption of the life-support systems on this planet”". It recommended that people live in small, decentralised and largely de-industrialised communities. Some of the reasons given for this were that: The authors used tribal societies as their model which, it was claimed, were characterised by their small, human-scale communities, low-impact technologies, successful population controls, sustainable resource management, holistic and ecologically integrated worldviews, and a high degree of social cohesion, physical health, psychological

neg: Degree (temperature) temperature: (Measurement of temperature) "Degrees Kelvin" (K) is a former name for the SI unit of temperature on the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale. Since 1967 it has been known simply as the kelvin, with symbol K (without a degree symbol). Degree absolute (°A) is obsolete terminology, often referring specifically to the kelvin but sometimes the degree Rankine as well. Degree (temperature) The term degree is used in several scales of temperature. The symbol ° is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit, for example “°C” for degree(s) Celsius. A degree can be defined as a set change

neg: Economies of scale A production function has "constant" returns to scale if increasing all inputs by some proportion results in output increasing by that same proportion. Returns are "decreasing" if, say, doubling inputs results in less than double the output, and "increasing" if more than double the output. If a mathematical function is used to represent the production function, and if that production function is homogeneous, returns to scale are represented by the degree of homogeneity of the function. Homogeneous production functions with constant returns to scale are first degree homogeneous, increasing returns to scale are represented by degrees of homogeneity greater than

neg: Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin asking (God) for tribulation. Say: "O God, I ask You for well-being" and gratitude for it." It is also related when asked about asceticism, Zayn al-Abidin replied, "Asceticism is of ten degrees: The highest degree of asceticism is the lowest degree of piety. The highest degree of piety is the lowest degree of certainty. The highest degree of certainty is the lowest degree of satisfaction. Asceticism is in one verse of Allah’s Book: 'Hence that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you.'" According to William Chittick, the Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya

neg: Berg Balance Scale Berg Balance Scale The Berg Balance Scale (or BBS) is a widely used clinical test of a person's static and dynamic balance abilities, named after Katherine Berg, one of the developers. For functional balance tests, the BBS is generally considered to be the gold standard. The test takes 15–20 minutes and comprises a set of 14 simple balance related tasks, ranging from standing up from a sitting position, to standing on one foot. The degree of success in achieving each task is given a score of zero (unable) to four (independent), and the final measure is the sum of all

neg: Post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles or designatory letters, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that that individual holds a position, academic degree, accreditation, office, military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation.

neg: Alan (given name) century, where it was about even with "Simon", and more numerous than "Henry". Early occurrences of the name in British records include: "Alanus" in 1066 (in the "Domesday Book"); and "Alain" in 1183. The name became popular in Scotland in part through the Stewarts. This family descends from Alan fitz Flaad, an Anglo-Breton knight, who possessed lands in what is modern day Shropshire, England. Alan (given name) Alan is a masculine given name in the English language. There are numerous differing etymologies attributed to the name. The name was first introduced into England by Bretons who took part in the

neg: Ahmad Mattar Ahmad Mattar Dr. Ahmad Mattar (born 13 August 1940), whose full name is Ahmad bin Mohamed Mattar, is a former Singaporean politician and member of the Cabinet. An alumnus of the Raffles Institution, Ahmad Mattar graduated from the University of Singapore with a degree in physics in 1963. He completed his master's degree at the University of Sheffield on a Colombo Plan scholarship and then his doctorate at the University of Singapore. Prior to entering politics, he was a lecturer at Singapore Polytechnic and conducted the first large-scale study on the effects of traffic noise on housing estates; the study

neg: MV Chetzemoka given the vessel a pronounced 1 degree list, causing some to call the vessel 'Eileen' (I Lean). When the boat is loaded, the list is not noticeable. The "Chetzemoka" is also the first "smaller scale" vessel to allow access to the "Texas Deck", the area on top of the vessel between pilot houses. Only the "Super"-class, "Jumbo"-class, and "Jumbo Mark II"-class ferries allow such access. The "Chetzemoka" is also the first vessel in the Washington State Ferries fleet to have a mezzanine deck, between the main passenger cabin and the car deck, which on one side is primarily configured to

neg: Rosiwal scale Rosiwal scale The Rosiwal scale is a hardness scale, with its name given in memory of the Austrian geologist August Karl Rosiwal. The Rosiwal scale bases its measure on absolute values, unlike the Mohs scale whose values are relative values, its interest is relegated to the amateur or an approach that makes it useful in the research field ('in situ'). The Rosiwal method (also called Delesse and Rosiwal) is basically a method of petrographic analysis and led to the development of the stereograph. Measures in an absolute scale the hardness of minerals expressed as abrasion's resistance, measured at laboratory, starting

neg: History of physics detailed electromagnetic theory. It arises out of the question: "What is time?" Newton, in the "Principia" (1686), had given an unambiguous answer: "Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature, flows equably without relation to anything external, and by another name is called duration." This definition is basic to all classical physics. Einstein had the genius to question it, and found that it was incomplete. Instead, each "observer" necessarily makes use of his or her own scale of time, and for two observers in relative motion, their time-scales will differ. This induces a related effect on

neg: Gold coin the booming collector market. In 1948, a well-known numismatist by the name of Dr. William Sheldon attempted to standardized coin grading by proposing what is now known as the Sheldon Scale. Sheldon's scale, included in his famous work "Penny Whimsy", was originally devised specifically for United States large cents, but it is now applied to all series. The scale runs from 0 to 70, where 0 means that you can tell that it was once a coin while 70 means that it is perfect. 60 is uncirculated, what the general public would consider perfect, with no wear whatsoever. There is

neg: Mode (music) routinely sharped leading tones at cadences and lowered the fourth in the Lydian mode . The Ionian, or Iastian (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ) mode is another name for the major scale used in much Western music. The Aeolian forms the base of the most common Western minor scale; in modern practice the Aeolian mode is differentiated from the minor by using only the seven notes of the Aeolian scale. By contrast, minor mode compositions of the common practice period frequently raise the seventh scale degree by a semitone to strengthen the cadences, and in conjunction also

neg: Ajam (maqam) Ajam (maqam) ‘Ajam (Turkish: Acem) is the name of a maqam (musical mode) in Arabic, Turkish, and related systems of music. Ajam (عجم) in this usage means "Persian." The maqam Ajam is constructed of two Ajam trichords with "whole step-whole step" pitch intervals and spacing similar to the 1-2-3 (or 5-6-7) scale degrees found in an equal-tempered Western major scale (although the Ajam trichord's third scale degree may be tuned just slightly flat of an equal-tempered third). Because most uses of these Ajam trichords place the next (fourth) scale step a halfstep above the last (third) scale step of the

neg: Crotalus intermedius gloydi Puebla. The type locality given is "Cerro San Felipe (elevation 10,000 ft. [= 3,048 m]) near [15 km northwest of] Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico". Crotalus intermedius gloydi Crotalus intermedius gloydi is a subspecies of venomous pitviper in the family Viperidae. The subspecies is endemic to Mexico in the states of Oaxaca and Puebla. The subspecific name, "gloydi", is in honor of American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd. This subspecies, "Crotalus intermedius gloydi", can be identified by its scalation. It is characterized by having the postnasal scale in broad contact with the first supralabial scale. Also, the postnasal is usually not in contact

neg: Oviraptor Oviraptor Oviraptor is a genus of small Mongolian theropod dinosaurs, first discovered by technician George Olsen in an expedition led by Roy Chapman Andrews, and first described by Henry Fairfield Osborn, in 1924. Its name is Latin for 'egg taker' or "egg seizer", referring to the fact that the first fossil specimen was discovered atop a pile of what were thought to be "Protoceratops" eggs, and the specific name "philoceratops" means "lover of ceratopsians", also given as a result of this find. In his 1924 paper, Osborn explained that the name was given due to the close proximity of the

neg: Musical note Bes or B in Northern Europe (i.e., a B elsewhere) is both rare and unorthodox (more likely to be expressed as Heses), it is generally clear what this notation means. In Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Romanian, Greek, Russian, Mongolian, Flemish, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Turkish notation the notes of scales are given in terms of Do–Re–Mi–Fa–Sol–La–Si rather than C–D–E–F–G–A–B. These names follow the original names reputedly given by Guido d'Arezzo, who had taken them from the first syllables of the first six musical phrases of a Gregorian chant melody "Ut queant laxis", which began on the appropriate scale

neg: Log reduction base-10 logarithm of the ratio between the concentrations before and after treatment. Some other measures using a logarithmic scale to express a ratio are the decibel, the astronomical magnitude and the pH scale. Let and be the numerical values of the concentrations of a given contaminant, respectively before and after treatment, following a defined process. It is irrelevant in what units these concentrations are given, provided that both use the same units. Then an -log reduction is achieved, where For the purpose of presentation, the value of is rounded down to a desired precision, usually to a whole number. Let

neg: Mens rea person plans what to do and what not to do, he will understand the range of likely outcomes from given behaviour on a sliding scale from "inevitable" to "probable" to "possible" to "improbable". The more an outcome shades towards the "inevitable" end of the scale, the more likely it is that the accused both foresaw and desired it, and, therefore, the safer it is to impute intention. If there is clear subjective evidence that the accused did "not" have foresight, but a reasonable person would have, the hybrid test may find criminal negligence. In terms of the burden of proof,

neg: Node influence metric was later formalized as a modified form of hierarchical degree which controls for both transmission probabilities and the diversity of walks of a given fixed length. The hierarchical degree measures the number of nodes reachable from a start node by performing walks of length formula_1. For a fixed formula_1 and walk type, each of these neighbors is reached with a (potentially different) probability formula_3. Given a vector of such probabilities, the accessibility of node formula_4 at scale formula_1 is defined The probabilities can be based on uniform-probability random walks, or additionally modulated by edge weights and/or explicit (per edge) transmission

neg: Rankine scale temperature difference of one Rankine degree is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale. Thus, a temperature of 0 K (−273.15 °C; −459.67 °F) is equal to 0 °R, and a temperature of −458.67 °F equal to 1 °R. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends against using the degree symbol when using Rankine in NIST publications. Some important temperatures relating the Rankine scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below. Rankine scale The Rankine scale () is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named

neg: Archant by ECNG for £5 million in autumn 1999. Its titles now include "Photography Monthly", "Professional Photographer", "Pilot" and "Sport Diver". The launch of a county magazine in Norfolk in 2000 saw the beginning of what is now Archant Life, the country's biggest publisher of county magazines. The division was subsequently given scale through acquisitions in the North West, the Cotswolds and the South and South East of England. In March 2002, ECNG changed its name to Archant, prompted by the company's broadening geographic scope and growing range of its activities. In December 2003, Archant purchased 27 weekly newspapers from Independent

neg: Clover (creature) Clover (creature) Clover is the production name given to the giant monster in the 2008 film "Cloverfield". The creature was originally conceived by producer J. J. Abrams and was designed by artist Neville Page. In the film, the monster's name is never mentioned; the name "Cloverfield" is only given to the US Department of Defense case file of the incidents depicted in the film. The Department of Defense names the creature "LSA" for Large-Scale Aggressor in the film's Blu-ray special feature called "Cloverfield Special Investigation Mode". The name Clover was the nickname affectionately given to the monster among the production

neg: Rupavati Rupavati Rupavati (pronounced rūpavati, meaning "the beautiful one") is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 12th "melakarta" rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 "melakarta" rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is one of the few rāgams given the same name by the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. It is the 6th rāgam in the 2nd "chakra Netra". The mnemonic name is "Netra-Sha". The mnemonic phrase is "sa ra gi ma pa dhu nu". Its "" structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see "swaras" in Carnatic music for details

neg: Rupavati on below notation and terms): The notes used in this scale are "shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham" and "kakali nishadham". As it is a "melakarta" rāgam, by definition it is a "sampurna" rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the "shuddha madhyamam" equivalent of "Divyamani', which is the 48th "melakarta" scale. Rupavati is also the original name given to the 12th "Melakarta" in the list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales are "svarantara-shadava" raga (4 notes in ascending scale and 6 are used

neg: Malaysian passport card (MyKad) or birth certificate (with exception of ethnic Indian and Thai names). Surname and given name fields are not differentiated on the passport, and this can cause difficulties or confusion in some countries as the placement of the surname is not consistent. Technically speaking, every Malaysian name regardless of the ethnicity is of this type: SURNAME, FIRST NAME UNKNOWN (FNU) when only the Machine Readable Zone area of the Passport Biodata Page is considered. There is no '«' to isolate what is technically a 'Surname' from the 'Given Name' (Please note that ICAO standards require that the name that

neg: Political climate is also widely used incorrectly as a synonym for political climate. As for judging what the climate is at any given time, there is no way to know an entire country's views on certain subjects. So, polls are used to estimate what the political climate "feels" like on a regular basis. However, this only works to some degree as polls cannot involve the entire population at once. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the base climate comes from the Middle French "climat", which was first used to describe a region's prevailing weather conditions around 1314. One of the first recorded

neg: Granton, Edinburgh Granton, Edinburgh Granton is a district in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland. Granton forms part of Edinburgh's waterfront along the Firth of Forth and is, historically, an industrial area having a large harbour. Granton is part of Edinburgh's large scale waterfront regeneration programme. Granton first appears on maps in the seventeenth century relating to the now-demolished Granton Castle. The name also appears in Granton Burn, which now runs through Caroline Park down to what was Granton Beach. The name is presumed to come from Grant's Town or Grant's Dun (hill). The castle is first documented in 1479, as a building

neg: Weissenberg number as the first Normal force (N). Since this number is obtained from scaling the evolution of the stress, it contains choices for the shear or elongation rate, and the length-scale. Therefore the exact definition of all non dimensional numbers should be given as well as the number itself. While Wi is similar to the Deborah number and is often confused with it in technical literature, they have different physical interpretations. The Weissenberg number indicates the degree of anisotropy or orientation generated by the deformation, and is appropriate to describe flows with a constant stretch history, such as simple shear. In

neg: Wavelet sound), Pierre Goupillaud, Grossmann and Morlet's formulation of what is now known as the CWT (1982), Jan-Olov Strömberg's early work on discrete wavelets (1983), Daubechies' orthogonal wavelets with compact support (1988), Mallat's multiresolution framework (1989), Akansu's Binomial QMF (1990), Nathalie Delprat's time-frequency interpretation of the CWT (1991), Newland's harmonic wavelet transform (1993) and many others since. A wavelet is a mathematical function used to divide a given function or continuous-time signal into different scale components. Usually one can assign a frequency range to each scale component. Each scale component can then be studied with a resolution that matches its scale.

neg: ILR scale are able to perform most basic functions using the language; this includes buying goods, reading the time, ordering simple meals and asking for minimal directions Limited working proficiency is rated 2 on the scale. A person at this level is described as follows: Professional working proficiency is rated 3 on the scale. Level 3 is what is usually used to measure how many people in the world know a given language. A person at this level is described as follows: Individuals classified at level 3 are able to use the language as part of normal professional duties and can reliably

neg: Indigenous peoples The interaction between indigenous and non-indigenous societies throughout history has been complex, ranging from outright conflict and subjugation to some degree of mutual benefit and cultural transfer. A particular aspect of anthropological study involves investigation into the ramifications of what is termed "first contact", the study of what occurs when two cultures first encounter one another. The situation can be further confused when there is a complicated or contested history of migration and population of a given region, which can give rise to disputes about primacy and ownership of the land and resources. Wherever indigenous cultural identity is asserted, common

neg: Degree Angular Scale Interferometer Degree Angular Scale Interferometer The Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) was a telescope installed at the U.S. National Science Foundation's Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. It was a 13-element interferometer operating between 26 and 36 GHz (Ka band) in ten bands. The instrument is similar in design to the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) and the Very Small Array (VSA). In 2001 The DASI team announced the most detailed measurements of the temperature, or power spectrum of the Cosmic microwave background (CMB). These results contained the first detection of the 2nd and 3rd acoustic peaks in the CMB, which were

neg: Jamila Jamila Jamila () is feminine given name of Arabic origin. It is the feminine form of the masculine Arabic given name Jamil, which comes from the Arabic word jamāl (Arabic: جَمَال), meaning "beauty." The name is popular on a global scale, in regular use by both Arabic speaking and non-Arabic speaking populations and holds religious significance for some Muslims. Due to differences in transcription, there are several variations on how to spell the name. According to the Social Security Administration, the name Jamila was among the 1000 most popular names for baby girls in the United States from 1974 until

neg: Jamila 1995, with the exception of the year 1985. Its popularity peaked in 1977, when it was the 486th most popular name for baby girls. Jamila Jamila () is feminine given name of Arabic origin. It is the feminine form of the masculine Arabic given name Jamil, which comes from the Arabic word jamāl (Arabic: جَمَال), meaning "beauty." The name is popular on a global scale, in regular use by both Arabic speaking and non-Arabic speaking populations and holds religious significance for some Muslims. Due to differences in transcription, there are several variations on how to spell the name. According to

neg: Wilkerson v. Utah any crime the punishment of which is death,… he shall suffer death by being shot, hung, or beheaded as the court may direct,” or as the convicted person chooses. In his opinion he states that a person guilty of first degree murder “shall suffer death”, which is exactly what the statute says. Section 10 of the code states that when a person convicted of murder to the first degree cruel and unusual punishment shall not be inflicted. The Court held that organized territories are given legislative power,"which extends to all rightful subjects of legislation not inconsistent with the Constitution and

neg: Rational motion Bézier dual quaternion curve given by above equation defines a rational Bézier motion of degree formula_16. Similarly, a B-spline dual quaternion curve, which defines a NURBS motion of degree 2"p", is given by, where formula_18 are the "p"th-degree B-spline basis functions. A representation for the rational Bézier motion and rational B-spline motion in the Cartesian space can be obtained by substituting either of the above two preceding expressions for formula_19 in the equation for point transform. In what follows, we deal with the case of rational Bézier motion. The trajectory of a point undergoing rational Bézier motion is given by,

neg: Just intonation 120, 112 , 100, 90, 80, 75, 66 , and 60, Ptolemy quantified the consonant tuning of what would today be called the major scale beginning and ending on the mediant – 16:15, 9:8, 10:9, 9:8, 16:15, 9:8, and 10:9. The guqin has a musical scale based on harmonic overtone positions. The dots on its soundboard indicate the harmonic positions: , , , , , , , , , , , , . The prominent notes of a given scale may be tuned so that their frequencies form (relatively) small whole number ratios. The 5-limit diatonic major scale is tuned

neg: Inter-rater reliability Inter-rater reliability In statistics, inter-rater reliability (also called by various similar names, such as inter-rater agreement, inter-rater concordance, interobserver reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among raters. It is a score of how much homogeneity, or consensus, there is in the ratings given by various judges. In contrast, intra-rater reliability is a score of the consistency in ratings given by the same person across multiple instances. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability are aspects of test validity. Assessments of them are useful in refining the tools given to human judges, for example by determining if a particular scale is