query: what is included in the us defense budget

pos: Military budget of the United States Military budget of the United States The military budget is the portion of the discretionary United States federal budget allocated to the Department of Defense, or more broadly, the portion of the budget that goes to any military-related expenditures. The military budget pays the salaries, training, and health care of uniformed and civilian personnel, maintains arms, equipment and facilities, funds operations, and develops and buys new items. The budget funds four branches of the U.S. military: the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force. In FY 2017, the Congressional Budget Office reported spending of $590 billion for defense, about 15%

neg: Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign take the train than fly in a private jet. He explained that other leading nations, including Russia, spend just 3%–4% of their budget on defense, while the US defense budget is more than all other nations combined. He then rhetorically asked: "What are we afraid of?" He explained that the defense budget is associated with the military industrial complex. He stated that the US military is internationally competitive, but the US schools and health care system are not. Gravel said that Ralph Nader once referred to him as a "breath of fresh air". On October 19, it was announced that

neg: Suffolk, Virginia tech economy given the presence of the U.S. Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) facility near the intersection of US 17 and Interstate 664. In 1999, JFCOM stood up and through the decade JFCOM employed more and more defense contractors until it reached over 3,000. By September 2010, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates recommended to decommission JFCOM as a matter of reallocating and rebalancing the U.S. Department of Defense budget to better address changing needs and fiscal demands. The announcement led to speculation about what impact the loss of JFCOM would have on the Hampton Roads economy in general and (more

neg: Defense Health Program Budget Activity Group Defense Health Program Budget Activity Group Each year the United States Congress passes a Federal Budget detailing where federal tax money will be spent in the coming fiscal year. The budget is broken down into various Budget Activity Groups (BAG). Below is a breakdown of the Defense Health Program (DHP) Budget Activity Group. The Defense Health Program (DHP) Operation and Maintenance (O&M) appropriation funding provides for worldwide medical and dental services to active forces and other eligible beneficiaries, veterinary services, occupational and industrial health care, specialized services for the training of medical personnel, and medical command headquarters. Included are costs

neg: Expenditures in the United States federal budget approximately $600 billion during 2016 on the Cabinet departments and Agencies, excluding the Department of Defense, representing 16% of budgeted expenditures or about 3.3% of GDP. The 2011 budget included estimated spending for 2010, shown in the graph at right for selected departments and agencies with over $10 billion in budget authority. Funding for the Department of Defense is mostly discretionary, but is excluded from this total and analyzed separately in this article. However, certain defense-related spending is included in other departments, such as Homeland Security and Veteran's Affairs. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) grants the Congress the

neg: Japan Self-Defense Forces until 1986. As of 2005, Japan's military budget was maintained at about 3% of the national budget; about half is spent on personnel costs, while the rest is for weapons programs, maintenance and operating costs. As of 2011, Japan has the world's eighth-largest military budget. The published military budget of Japan for 2015 was 4.98 trillion yen (approximately US$42 billion, and roughly 1% of Japanese GDP), a rise of 2.8 percent on the previous year. Defense spending in 2019 fiscal year will top ¥5.2 trillion (US$48 billion ), increasing for the seventh consecutive year as the country prepares to introduce

neg: Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration half years. Non-defense spending increased 18% in that time. Of the US$2.4 trillion budgeted for 2005, about US$450 billion are planned to be spent on defense. This level is generally comparable to the defense spending during the cold war. Congress approved US$87 billion for Iraq and Afghanistan in November, and had approved an earlier US$79 billion package last spring. Most of those funds were for U.S. military operations in the two countries. Former President Clinton's last budget featured an increase of 16% on domestic non security discretionary spending. Growth under President Bush was cut to 6.2% in his first budget,

neg: 2015 United States federal budget in billions of dollars. A green cell represents an increase in spending, while a red one indicates a decrease in spending. Outlays represent funds actually spent in a year; budget authority includes spending authorized for this and future years. <nowiki>*</nowiki> The Global War on Terror is broken out as a separate budget function in the House budget, but is included as part of National Defense in the Obama administration budget. <nowiki>**</nowiki> Not included in the Obama administration budget. Budget authority: 2015 United States federal budget The 2015 United States federal budget is the federal budget for fiscal year 2015, which

neg: Republic of Yemen Armed Forces defense spending has historically been one of the government’s three largest expenditures and is expected to remain high as a result of the reinstatement of conscription and security threats posed by terrorism and tribal conflict. The defense budget increased from US$540 million in 2001 to an estimated US$2 billion–US$2.1 billion in 2006, to which it is probably $3.5 billion by 2012. According to the U.S. government, the 2006 budget represents about 6 percent of gross domestic product. In 2009, Yemen’s paramilitary force had about 71,000 troops. Approximately 50,000 constituted the Central Security Organization of the Ministry of Interior; they are

neg: Conflict: Middle East Political Simulator the first is to spend the defense budget; the second is to set military actions with regard to the other countries in the game. On each turn, the player receives a budget to spend on weaponry. The size of the budget depends on the level of hostility in the surrounding countries; if Israel is at war, or if another country is in the process of reducing diplomatic relations to declare war, the budget is large (US$300 million plus, per turn). If the level of hostility is low, and life is peaceful, the budget is small (US$100 million). As such, the

neg: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan) Budget, Accounting and Statistics for Fiscal Year 2011, the budget for MOFA is equivalent to approx. 10.37% of the budget for the Ministry of National Defense (MND). The MND budget for 2011 has been announced to be US$ 9.2 billion. Hence, an estimated MOFA budget figure for Fiscal Year 2011 is US$ 954 million. The Republic of China has diplomatic relations with 17 countries. For countries with which the Republic of China does not have formal diplomatic relations, representation is often referred to as the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, Taipei Economic and Cultural Representatives Office or Taipei Representative Offices.

neg: Robert Conquest show the American citizen clearly and factually what the results of this possible Soviet domination could be and how it would affect him or her personally; and second, to give some serious advice on how to survive." Conquest supported the Reagan defense buildup and asked for an increase of expenses on US defense budget, claiming that in the nuclear field NATO was only possibly matching USSR military power: We live in dangerous times. Such miscalculations are very possible. But they are not inevitable. The American people and their representatives have it in their power to prevent their country from undergoing

neg: Sundance Air Force Station altitude, and speed, and to evaluate whether aircraft were friendly or hostile. The radars were operated until 1968 when Air Defense Command closed the station as part of a draw down of assets and budget reductions. The PM-1 plant was operated by Air Force, Army and Navy personnel, and it produced electricity for 4,101 hours without incident. It was dismantled after the site was inactivated. The reactor site remains fenced, marked as "US Government Property, No Trespassing". Today, what was Sundance AFS is part of a ski area called "Vista West" What remains of undeveloped parts of the radar station

neg: Military budget of the United States the total cost of the wars was approximately $1.3 trillion. The federally budgeted (see below) military expenditure of the United States Department of Defense for fiscal year 2013 are as follows. While data is provided from the 2015 budget, data for 2014 and 2015 is estimated, and thus data is shown for the last year for which definite data exists (2013). The Department of Defense's FY 2011 $137.5 billion procurement and $77.2 billion RDT&E budget requests included several programs worth more than $1.5 billion. This does not include many military-related items that are outside of the Defense Department budget, such

neg: Deficit reduction in the United States Defense (DoD). The DoD baseline budget, excluding supplemental funding for the wars, has grown from $297 billion in FY2001 to a budgeted $534 billion for FY2010, an 81% increase. The US defense budget (excluding spending for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Homeland Security, and Veteran's Affairs) is around 5% of GDP. Adding these other costs places defense spending between 6% and 7% of GDP. DoD spending has fallen from as high as 7% GDP in 1971 to 3% GDP in 2000, before rising to around 5% GDP in 2012. According to the CBO, defense spending grew 9% annually on

neg: Black budget United States Department of Defense black budget was estimated at $30 billion in 2008, but was increased to an estimated $50 billion in 2009. A black budget article by "The Washington Post", based on information given by Edward Snowden, detailed how the US allocated $52.8 billion in 2012 for the black budget. The black budget has been known to hide multiple types of projects from elected officials. With secret code names and hidden figures, the details of the black budget are revealed only to certain people of congress, if at all. This budget was approved by the US National Security

neg: United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense the appropriations subcommittees receive information about what the budget sets as their spending ceilings. This is called "302(b) allocations" after section 302(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. That amount is separated into smaller amounts for each of the twelve Subcommittees. The federal budget does not become law and is not signed by the President. Instead, it is guide for the House and the Senate in making appropriations and tax decisions. However, no budget is required and each chamber has procedures in place for what to do without one. The House and Senate now consider appropriations bills simultaneously, although

neg: Black budget Black budget A black budget is a government budget that is allocated for classified or other secret operations of a nation. The black budget is an account expenses and spending related to military research and covert operations. The black budget is mostly classified due to security reasons. The black budget can be complicated to calculate, but in the United States it has been estimated to be over US$50 billion a year. The United States Department of Defense has a black budget it uses to fund black projects—expenditures that it does not want to disclose publicly. The annual cost of the

neg: Military budget of the United States for two-thirds to three-quarters of the world's military spending (of which, in turn, the U.S. is responsible for the majority). The US also maintains the largest number of military bases on foreign soil across the world. While there are no freestanding foreign bases permanently located in the United States, there are now around 800 U.S. bases in foreign countries. Military spending makes up nearly 16% percent of entire federal spending and approximately half of discretionary spending. In a general sense discretionary spending (defense and non-defense spending) makes up one-third of the annual federal budget. In 2015, out of its budget

neg: U.S. Route 6 in California country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. US 6 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System, but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation. The California portion of US 6 was originally commissioned in 1937 as an extension of the highway from Greeley, Colorado as part of the historic Grand Army of the Republic Highway auto trail. US 6 was later extended further south through the Mojave Desert and Los Angeles to Long Beach in Southern California. It traveled along with what is now US

neg: 1997 United States federal budget senior citizens, middle-class families and children. The Clinton Administration projected a US$40 billion surplus by 2002. A key aspect of the FY1997 budget is what was known as the "trigger". The trigger program essentially ensured that tax cuts after 2000 would end if the deficit was not at least US$20 billion below the Congressional Budget Office's estimate. Conversely, if the deficit "was" at least US$20 billion below CBO estimates then the tax cuts would continue and the money exceeding the US$20 estimate is used to reduce discretionary spending. "(in billions of dollars)" The President's budget for FY1997 totals $1.635 trillion.

neg: Military budget of China US Department of Defense's annual report to Congress on China's military strength estimated the actual 2009 Chinese military spending at US$150 billion. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) estimates that the military spending of the People's Republic of China for 2009 was US$100 billion, higher than the official budget, but lower than the US DoD estimate. The International Institute for Strategic Studies in a 2011 report argued that if spending trends continue China will achieve military equality with the United States in 15–20 years. Jane's Defence Forecasts in 2012 estimated that China's defense budget would increase from $119.80 billion to

neg: United States budget sequestration in 2013 Social Security and Medicare. The Budget Control Act of 2011 included both caps on discretionary spending as well as the sequester, both of which reduce discretionary spending. CBO projected in February 2013 that under the sequester and Budget Control Act caps: CBO projected in February 2013 that under the sequester and Budget Control Act caps: In spite of these reductions, the major defense contractors saw good profits during the sequester. Non-defense discretionary spending includes Cabinet Departments and Agencies. CBO projected in February 2013 that under the sequester and Budget Control Act caps: Mandatory spending represents outlays to qualified program participants.

neg: Japan Self-Defense Forces Army of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) to safeguard defense communications from cyber attacks. Such as for personnel deployed on remote islands with no established secure lines. The defense budget for fiscal year 2018, approved at the end of March 2018 by the National Diet of Japan, included funds to purchase mid- to long-range air-launched cruise missiles. Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera said they would be used exclusively for defense purposes as “stand-off missiles that can be fired beyond the range of enemy threats.” The budget allocated 2.2 billion yen ($20 million) for the purchase of Joint Strike Missile (JSM)

neg: Budget resolution included in a budget resolution, which determines how Congress considers budget related legislation, they have little correspondence to any committee jurisdictions. Functions are, however, useful in understanding the placement of any given account in the federal government: Each account number has a series of numbers, the last three will indicate the function and subfunction; for example an account ending in "051" will indicate function 050 (Defense) and subfunction 051, which indicates a type of spending within the Defense category. A listing of the budget functions can be found below. In addition to these functions, during the 110th Congress, in S.

neg: National security of China the overall state budget has declined from 17.4 percent in 1979 to 9.5 percent in 1994 and 7.7 percent in 2004, the government has announced double-digit increases in military spending nearly every year for more than a decade. The defense budget for 2006 is expected to reach US$35.1 billion, the largest increase in four years and 16 percent higher than 2005 (estimated at US$29.5 billion). The report submitted in March 2006 at the Fourth Session of the 10th National People’s Congress (NPC) contained a request for a budget increase to strengthen China’s defensive capability and ability to respond to emergencies

neg: Robert Gates huge shift in military spending. In April 2009, Gates proposed a large shift in budget priorities in the U.S. Department of Defense 2010 budget. The budget cuts included many programs geared toward conventional warfare, such as the end of new orders of the F-22 Raptor, and further development of Future Combat Systems manned vehicles. However, these cuts were counterbalanced by increases in funding for programs like the special forces. Gates called this the "nation's first truly 21st century defense budget." In late April 2010, he suggested the Navy cease funding development of a new multibillion-dollar ballistic missile submarine program on

neg: Oregon Military Department Air National Guard. The structure of units is listed below. The Adjutant General and Command Staff, Salem, Oregon State Agency Directory: Military Department https://dasapp.oregon.gov/statephonebook/display.asp?agency=24800 Approximately 97 percent (US$382 million) of the funds for the Oregon National Guard are provided by the federal government. This does not reflect the considerably smaller figure of $35.9 million or 9% which is included within the Department's budget. The difference can be accounted for by the fact that troop salaries and wages are paid to them directly by the federal government. Federal funds support 100% of troop training, Defense Department programs, base security and fire

neg: Burns Air Force Station in 1968. In addition to the main facility, Burns operated an AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler site: The 634th Radar Squadron (SAGE) was inactivated at Burns AFS on 30 September 1970 as a result of budget restrictions, and the general phase down of air defense radar stations. The squadron was later re-activated in 1972 at Lake Charles AFS, Louisiana. Today, what was Burns Air Force Station is abandoned. The site buildings stand deteriorated and heavily vandalized. It appears as a ghost town on top of the butte. As of about 2005 the building have been removed and the US Government came in

neg: Mexican Armed Forces has 259,770 active duty soldiers, about 0.16 percent of the population. Its 1989 budget was 0.7 percent of the country's Gross National Product (GNP). In 1999, Mexico's military budget increased to 0.9 percent of its GDP, to US$4.0 billion. Since the year 2000, however, with the economic boost that the country has experienced, the defense budget was decreased to 0.5 percent of the GDP, and in 2007 had an annual expenditure of US$4 billion. Since President Calderón assumed office in December 2006, he has submitted legislation increasing the budget, in order to fight the drug war against the narcotics cartels,

neg: Presidency of George H. W. Bush which began in October 1989. Both sides knew that spending cuts or new taxes would be necessary in the following year's budget in order to avoid the draconian automatic domestic spending cuts required by the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act. The administration engaged in lengthy negotiations for the passage of the fiscal year 1991 budget. In January 1990, Bush submitted his budget for fiscal year 1991; the budget included cuts to defense spending and the capital gains tax. In March, Congressman Dan Rostenkowski put forward the Democratic counter-proposal, which included an increase in the gasoline tax. In early May, Senate Majority

neg: Louis A. Johnson external threats. Johnson's unwillingness to budget conventional readiness needs for the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps soon caused fierce controversies within the upper ranks of the armed forces. From fiscal year 1948 onwards, the defense department budget was capped at the amount set in FY 1947 ($14.4 billion), and was progressively reduced in succeeding fiscal years until January 1950, when it was reduced yet again to US $13.5 billion. Johnson was also an advocate of defense unification, which he saw as a means to further reduce defense spending requirements. At a press conference the day after he took office, Johnson

neg: Defense Intelligence Agency inflation adjusted). The agency, however, has nearly doubled in size since then and also assumed additional responsibilities from various intelligence elements from across the Department of Defense, CIA and wider intelligence community. In 2006, at the height of [[Donald Rumsfeld]]'s push to further expand the scope of military intelligence beyond tactical considerations, DIA was estimated to receive up to $3 billion annually. According to classified documents leaked by [[Edward Snowden]] and published by "[[The Washington Post]]" in 2013, the [[United States intelligence budget#National Intelligence Program|National Intelligence Program]] (NIP) component of the [[United States intelligence budget|overall US intelligence budget]] contained approximately

neg: Military budget of the United States defense spending budgets that "[reflect] the priorities necessary for our force today and in the future to best serve and protect our nation in a rapidly changing security environment." In February 2018, the Pentagon requested $686 billion for FY 2019. The John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act authorized Department of Defense appropriations for 2019 and established policies, but it did not contain the budget itself. On July 26, this bill passed in the House of Representatives by 359-54. On August 1, the US Senate passed it by 87-10. The bill was presented to President Trump two days later. He

neg: Military budget of China government's published budget at that time was less than US$25 billion. A RAND Corporation study for year 2003 estimated China's defense spending to be higher than the official number but lower than United States Department of Defense calculations. The defense spending of China was estimated, in the mid-range estimate, to be 38 billion dollars or 2.3% of China's GDP in 2003. The official figure was 22.4 billion dollars. Nevertheless, Chinese military spending doubled between 1997 and 2003, nearly reaching the level of the United Kingdom and Japan, and it continued to grow over 10% annually during 2003-2005. In 2010, the

neg: Military budget of the United States research and development department where costs are underestimated, which leads to a waste of a different kind: time. Without the appropriate resources, researchers cannot do their job adequately. What this can lead to is employees not working as efficiently as possible. The United States spends more on their defense budget than China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United Kingdom, India, France, and Japan combined. The 2009 U.S. military budget accounts for approximately 40% of global arms spending. The 2012 budget is 6–7 times larger than the $106 billion military budget of China. The United States and its close allies are responsible

neg: KAI KF-X any Indonesian payment problem but went on to state that South Korean president Moon Jae-in would discuss the payment issue with the Indonesian president Joko Widodo during their summit in Jakarta on November 8, 2017. According to the Indonesian Finance Minister, the Indonesian Minister of Defense didn't allocate the funding in the 2017 state budget due to a prior false understanding that it should be paid out of what is called the: "side defense budget," since it is a: G to G agreement. Thus Indonesia claimed that the problem was more an administrative failure than anything more serious. After learning

neg: Military budget of the United States of the federal budget. For the FY 2019 President Donald Trump proposed an increase to the military to $681.1 billion. The following is historical spending on defense from 1996-2015, spending for 2014-15 is estimated. The Defense Budget is shown in billions of dollars and total budget in trillions of dollars. The percentage of the total U.S. federal budget spent on defense is indicated in the third row, and change in defense spending from the previous year in the final row. For the 2011 fiscal year, the president's base budget for the Department of Defense and spending on "overseas contingency operations"

neg: Politics of Iran includes spending for state-owned companies. The budget is based on an oil price of $80 per barrel. The value of the US dollar is estimated at IRR 10,500 for the same period. the 2011-total budget shows a 45-percent increase compared with that of 2011 which stood at $368 billion. The proposed budget for 2011–2012 amounts to 5.1 quadrillion rials (approximately $416 billion). The funding for running the government has been decreased by 5.6 percent and the government's tax revenues have been envisaged to rise by 20 percent. The defense budget shows an increase of 127 percent. The government also is

neg: United States missile defense complex in Poland I have more flexibility." Medvedev responded saying, again in English, "I understand. I will transmit this information to Vladimir." In March 2013, Polish Deputy Minister of Defense Robert Kupiecki announced that Poland intended to build its own missile defense within NATO, complementing the US deployment. Poland's tentative budget for the next decade is "$10 billion for the modernization of air defense, where half of this sum is dedicated to lower-tier missile defense." The Polish government responded nervously. Some politicians voiced concern that the country would lose its special status in Washington, and that the move by Obama was to appease

neg: United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Traditionally, after a federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year has been passed, the appropriations subcommittees receive information about what the budget sets as their spending ceilings. This is called "302(b) allocations" after section 302(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. That amount is separated into smaller amounts for each of the twelve Subcommittees. The federal budget does not become law and is not signed by the President. Instead, it is guide for the House and the Senate in making

neg: Space Interferometry Mission included a US$118.5 million cut over the FY 2006 NASA budget request for the Exoplanet Exploration Program. The budget also laid out projections for the program through the year 2010. Each year will have successive funding cuts, if compared to the 2006 request numbers. Starting with FY 2008, the Exoplanet Exploration Program will receive around $223.9 million less compared to 2006. The following years will have cuts of $155.2 million in 2009 and $172.5 million in 2010, compared to the 2006 request. When SIM Lite entered what JPL terms "Phase B" in 2003 "Fringes: Space Interferometry Mission Newsletter", called it

neg: Indian Underwater Robotics Society by the AUVSI and the US Navy's Office of Naval Research in San Diego, CA, USA. The student team was put together after a nationwide call for applications and included members who had previously designed AUVs costing under $600 for the international competition. This student team designed the first operational Indian AUV with just a budget of $1000 and lived at relative's homes in San Diego, the competition location, to save more money. This budget was a minor fraction of what the other teams had available. A new team of individuals competed as the IURS team in 2006 with a

neg: Budget Control Act of 2011 2013. Also, for 2013 only, certain "security" funding such as homeland security and international affairs were included in the sequestration cut in order to lessen the cuts to defense. In December 2013, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 increased the sequestration caps for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 by $45 billion and $18 billion, respectively, in return for extending the imposition of the cuts to mandatory spending into 2022 and 2023, and miscellaneous savings elsewhere in the budget. Budget Control Act of 2011 The Budget Control Act of 2011 () is a federal statute enacted by the 112th United States

neg: Military budget of the United States internal study on how to save $125 billion on its military budget from 2016 to 2020 by renegotiating vendor contracts and pushing for stronger deals, and by offering workers early retirement and retraining. On 5 December 2012, the Department of Defense announced it was planning for automatic spending cuts, which include $500 billion and an additional $487 billion due to the 2011 Budget Control Act, due to the fiscal cliff. According to "Politico", the Department of Defense declined to explain to the House of Representatives Appropriations Committee, which controls federal spending, what its plans were regarding the fiscal cliff planning.

neg: Aerospace Industries Association and the U.S. Department of Commerce. In late 2011, AIA launched the Second to None federal budget education campaign to inform the general public and elected officials about the importance of the aerospace and defense industry and provide answers to what the predicted impacts of federal budget cuts, commonly known as sequestration, will have on the aerospace and defense industry. The campaign received significant media attention in 2012 for its efforts and competed as a finalist in 2012 for PRWeek Awards 2013's Public Affairs Campaign of the Year. The Team America Rocketry Challenge (TARC) is an annual American model rocketry

neg: United States budget sequestration in 2013 replacing the automatic cuts. These few included: While leaving the sequestration in place, the House approved a bipartisan bill on March 6 by a vote of 267 to 151 to extend the continuing resolution from March 27 to September 30 and to keep the federal government from shutting down. The bill also provides Defense and Veterans Affairs some flexibility to fine-tune the sequester cuts. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated in September 2011 that the sequester would have the following effects between 2013 and 2021: Discretionary spending includes both defense and non-defense spending elements, but excludes mandatory programs such as

neg: I Know What You Did Last Summer by Columbia TriStar Home Video in the US on June 16, 1998. Special features included a theatrical trailer and filmmaker's commentary. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray for the first time on July 22, 2008, with additional special features including the director's short film, "Joyride". On September 30, 2014, Mill Creek Entertainment re-released the film on Blu-ray as a budget disc, featuring the film alone with no bonus materials. The film was followed by two sequels: "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer" (1998) and "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer" (2006), which went

neg: Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit dollars. The total program cost projected through 2004 was US$44.75 billion in 1997 dollars. This includes development, procurement, facilities, construction, and spare parts. The total program cost averaged US$2.13 billion per aircraft. The B-2 may cost up to $135,000 per flight hour to operate in 2010, which is about twice that of the B-52 and B-1. In its consideration of the fiscal year 1990 defense budget, the House Armed Services Committee trimmed $800 million from the B-2 research and development budget, while at the same time staving off a motion to end the project. Opposition in committee and in Congress

neg: Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries of what SIGINT systems collect. Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) (formerly Israel Aircraft Industries), is the largest defense contractor in Israel. It sells worldwide, although the United States has, on occasion, blocked a sale, which included US technology, to a nation the US considered unfriendly. Within the context of SIGINT and related ISTAR product is the airborne Phalcon system, often described as an AWACS radar and battle management system, but having significant ELINT capabilities. Based on an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar and antenna, the Phalcon fuses data from the radar, but also IFF, COMINT and ELINT sensors. When the

neg: Defense Health Program Budget Activity Group associated with the delivery of the TRICARE benefit which provides for the health care of eligible active duty family members, retired members and their family members, and the eligible surviving family members of deceased active duty and retired members. Defense Health Program Budget Activity Group Each year the United States Congress passes a Federal Budget detailing where federal tax money will be spent in the coming fiscal year. The budget is broken down into various Budget Activity Groups (BAG). Below is a breakdown of the Defense Health Program (DHP) Budget Activity Group. The Defense Health Program (DHP) Operation and Maintenance

neg: Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD) has a complex organizational structure. It includes the Army, Navy (the Marine Corps is a subset of the Navy), Air Force, the Unified combatant commands, U.S. elements of multinational commands (such as NATO and NORAD), as well as non-combat agencies such as the Defense Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. The DoD's annual budget was roughly US$496.1 billion in 2015. This figure is the base amount and does not include the $64.3 billion spent on "War/Non-War Supplementals". Including those items brings the total

neg: Military budget of the United States Evaluation Amounts in thousands of $US This portion of the military budget comprises roughly one third to one half of the total defense budget, considering only military personnel or additionally including civilian personnel, respectively. These expenditures will typically be, the single largest expense category for the Department. Since 2001, military pay and benefits have increased by 85%, but remained roughly one third of the total budget due to an overall increased budget. Military pay remains at about the 70th percentile compared to the private sector to attract sufficient amounts of qualified personnel. The request for 2017 amounts to $48.8 billion.

neg: 2012 United States federal budget years, of which $21 billion would be included in the FY2012 budget. It would then give Congress a choice between either accepting the recommendation of a Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction which would cut the deficit by $1.2–1.5 trillion through spending cuts and/or revenue increases, or accepting automatic budget cuts to national security funding (including defense spending) and to Medicare, which would start in the FY2013 budget. Congress would also be required to vote on a Balanced Budget Amendment. On August 1, the Budget Control Act of 2011 passed the House 269–161, with 66 Republicans and 95 Democrats voting

neg: Ohio State Route 207 highway that are included within the National Highway System (NHS). The NHS is a network of highways identified as being most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the nation. SR 207 was assigned in 1962. Running along the majority of SR 207's present path, excepting the southernmost portion of the highway between US 23 and SR 104, along with the SR 104 concurrency, the designation replaced the entirety of what was SR 277 prior to that year. The change was necessitated by the coming of the Interstate Highway System to Ohio, which included construction of Interstate 277 in

neg: United States national missile defense $53 billion, making it the largest single line in The Pentagon's budget. Since 2002, the US has been in talks with Poland and other European countries over the possibility of setting up a European base to intercept long-range missiles. A site similar to the US base in Alaska would help protect the US and Europe from missiles fired from the Middle East or North Africa. Poland's prime minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz said in November 2005 he wanted to open up the public debate on whether Poland should host such a base. In 2002, NMD was changed to Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD),

neg: Ecuador–Iran relations "a very serious problem on the northern border with Colombia, an irresponsible government that does not take care of its border. We need to equip ourselves… Iran can supply us and help us with credit." The termination of the American lease at Manta meant Ecuador looked elsewhere for defense partners. Ecuadorian Defense Minister, Javier Ponce, said he sought to collaborate with Iran to help Ecuador develop its defense industry. "We have our own policies, our own geostrategic positions, and what interests us, with Iran for instance, is boosting information technology and our national defense strategies." Economic ties have grown during

neg: Melvin Laird what he called "participatory management", an approach calculated to gain the cooperation of the military leadership in reducing the Defense budget and the size of the military establishment. While retaining decision-making functions for himself and the deputy secretary of defense, Laird somewhat decentralized policymaking and operations. He accorded the service secretaries and the JCS a more influential role in the development of budgets and force levels. He revised the PPBS, including a return to the use of service budget ceilings and service programming of forces within these ceilings. The previously powerful systems analysis office could no longer initiate planning, only

neg: Beetlejuice Burton replaced McDowell and Wilson with Skaaren due to creative differences. Burton's original choice for Betelgeuse was Sammy Davis, Jr., but Geffen suggested Keaton. Burton was unfamiliar with Keaton's work, but was quickly convinced. Burton cast Ryder upon seeing her in "Lucas". O'Hara quickly signed on, while Burton claimed it took a lot of time to convince other cast members to sign, as "they didn't know what to think of the weird script." "Beetlejuice"s budget was US$15 million, with just US$1 million given over to visual effects work. Considering the scale and scope of the effects, which included stop motion,

neg: United States civil defense 162-page document outlining a model civil defense structure for the US. Called the "Blue Book" by civil defense professionals in reference to its solid blue cover, it was the template for legislation and organization that occurred over the next 40 years. Despite a general agreement on the importance of civil defense, Congress never came close to meeting the budget requests of federal civil defense agencies. Throughout the Cold War, civil defense was characterized by fits and starts. Indeed, the responsibilities were passed through a myriad of agencies, and specific programs were often boosted and scrapped in a similar manner to

neg: 2018 United States federal budget July 13, 2017, including its effects over the 2018–2027 period. The proposed 2018 budget includes $54 billion in cuts to federal departments, and a corresponding increase in defense and military spending. The $971 million budget for arts and cultural agencies, including the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, National Endowment for the Arts, and National Endowment for the Humanities, would be eliminated entirely. A recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, economist Joseph Stiglitz said about the 2018 budget proposal: "Trump's budget takes a sledgehammer to what remains of the American Dream". Senator Bernie Sanders also criticized the proposal: "This

neg: Long Range Strike Bomber program Force Chief of Staff General Norton Schwartz said that the USAF's focus in the 2010 budget was on "Long-range strike, not next-generation bomber" and will push for this in the Quadrennial Defense Review. In June 2009, the two teams working on next-generation bomber proposals were told to "close up shop". On 16 September 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates endorsed the concept of a new bomber but insisted that it must be affordable, stating: "What we must not do is repeat what happened with our last manned bomber. By the time the research, development, and requirements processes ran their course,

neg: Ohio State Route 585 included as a part of the National Highway System, a network of highways deemed most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the country. SR 585 was first designated in 1969. This designation replaced what was a portion of SR 5 up until that year, running from an interchange with SR 3 and what was then designated SR 76 (now SR 83) on the east side of Wooster northeasterly to an interchange with what was then US 21 (currently SR 21) in Norton. SR 585 has not experienced any major changes to its routing since its inception. Ohio State

neg: Give the People What They Want (The Kinks song) Give the People What They Want (The Kinks song) "Give the People What They Want" is a song by the British rock band, The Kinks. Released on their 1981 album "Give the People What They Want", the song was written by the band's main singer and core songwriter, Ray Davies. The origins of "Give the People What They Want" are found during the sessions from "Low Budget", where it was included in early running orders of the album. "Give the People What They Want", however, would be held from the final line-up of "Low Budget". "Give the People What They

neg: Black budget Act of 1947, they created the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Council and reorganized some military bases with help of the Defense Department. The U.S. Government claims that the money given to this budget investigates advanced sciences and technologies for military issues. This kind of research is responsible for the creation of new aircraft, weapons, and satellites. In 2018, some newspapers reported that the Trump administration asked for $81.1 billion for the 2019 black budget. The request included $59.9 billion for the National Intelligence Program, covering non-military programs and activities. Also $21.2 billion for the Military Intelligence Program which

neg: Trial of George Zimmerman what he was supposed to do, none of us would be here. Guy also said that if Zimmerman had really wanted the police to get Martin, he would have stayed in his car and waited for the police. Judge Nelson ruled that the lesser included offense of manslaughter could be considered by the jury and would be included in the jury instructions. The prosecution had requested that a lesser charge of third-degree felony murder, an offense that includes the commission of child abuse, be included in the jury instructions. Defense attorney Don West called the possible lesser charge "outrageous" and

neg: Under Secretary of Defense for Policy international transfers of defense-related goods, services, and technologies. The annual budget for the USD(P) is contained in the OSD's budget, under the Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account. According to official projections, the budget for USD(P) is expected to see substantial cutbacks in FY11 and FY12. The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy is the chief staff assistant to the USD(P). Originally established as the "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy)" by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1992–93 (P.L. 102-190), the post was re-designated "Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy)", or PDUSD(P) in December 1999

neg: Gramm-Latta Budget Gramm-Latta Budget The Gramm-Latta Budget (aka Gramm-Latta Bill) 1981 and the Gramm-Latta Omnibus Reconciliation Bill of 1981, sponsored by Representatives Phil Gramm (a Democrat (later Republican) from Texas) and Delbert Latta (a Republican from Ohio), implemented President Ronald Reagan's economic program. This included an increase in military spending and major cuts in discretionary and entitlement spending. The law also mandated the controversial 1981 Kemp-Roth Tax Cut. In a 2001 press conference to announce his retirement, Gramm had this to say about the bill: I wrote the first Reagan budget -- the Gramm-Latta budget that rebuilt national defense and that laid

neg: Maryland Route 700 conditions as a result of World War II required improved connections to military reservations and manufacturers critical to the war effort. A four-lane divided highway with interchanges at US 40 and MD 150 and an underpass of what was then the Pennsylvania Railroad was included in a list of access roads prepared by the Maryland State Roads Commission for the United States Department of War in 1940. MD 700 was constructed in 1941 before federal funding specifically for defense access roads was authorized by the Defense Highway Act of 1941. The state highway, which has only seen minor improvements since

neg: Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014 amount provided within Public Law 113–6 and excluding emergency funding, disaster relief adjustments, the 251A sequester and the section 3004 Office of Management and Budget adjustment) and $1,370,117,000 below the President’s request. Included in this amount is $84,461,636,000 in mandatory budget authority and $73,320,454,000 in discretionary budget authority." The bill was later incorporated as Division J of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, which was enacted in January 2014. "This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source." Title I: Department of Defense would appropriate funds for FY2014 for the United States

neg: Discretionary spending Discretionary spending In US American public finance, discretionary spending is government spending implemented through an appropriations bill. This spending is an optional part of fiscal policy, in contrast to entitlement programs for which funding is mandatory and determined by the number of eligible recipients. Some examples of areas funded by discretionary spending are national defense, foreign aid, education and transportation. In the United States, discretionary spending refers to optional spending set by appropriation levels each year, at the discretion of Congress. During the budget process, Congress issues a budget resolution which includes levels of discretionary spending, deficit projections, and instructions

neg: Ministry of Defense (Argentina) June 2006 when President Néstor Kirchner brought into effect the Defense Law, which had been passed in 1988 as a means to modernize the doctrine of the armed forces and define their role, although successive governments had failed to put it into effect. The law states that the armed forces will only be used against foreign aggression, and reduces the powers of the heads of the armed services, centralizing whole operational and acquisitions decisions under the authority of the minister of Defense through the Armed Forces Joint General Staff emphasizing Jointness The 2014 military budget is US$ 10.000.000.000. Ministry of

neg: Budget sequestration The bill also lowered the sequestration cap for 2014 to offset the two-month delay in 2013. Also, for 2013 only, certain "security" funding such as homeland security and international affairs were included in the sequestration cut in order to lessen the cuts to defense. In December 2013, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 increased the sequestration caps for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 by $45 billion and $18 billion, respectively, in return for extending the imposition of the cuts to mandatory spending into 2022 and 2023, and miscellaneous savings elsewhere in the budget. The Budget Control Act of 2011 set

neg: Mick Mulvaney Protection Agency, and the social safety net and increases in funding for defense spending and paid family leave. The "America First" budget included a 10.6% decrease in domestic program spending and a 10% increase in military spending, in addition to $1.6 billion for a border wall. The budget would remove $272 billion from welfare programs, including $272 billion from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as food stamps. The budget would also remove $800 billion from Medicaid, and $72 billion from Social Security disability benefits, while removing nothing from Social Security retirement or Medicare benefits. Mulvaney projected the budget

neg: Expenditures in the United States federal budget average. During FY2017, the federal government spent $3.98 trillion, up $128 billion or 3.3% vs. FY2016 spending of $3.85 trillion. Major categories of FY 2017 spending included: Healthcare such as Medicare and Medicaid ($1,077B or 27% of spending), Social Security ($939B or 24%), non-defense discretionary spending used to run federal Departments and Agencies ($610B or 15%), Defense Department ($590B or 15%), and interest ($263B or 7%). Expenditures are classified as "mandatory", with payments required by specific laws to those meeting eligibility criteria (e.g., Social Security and Medicare), or "discretionary", with payment amounts renewed annually as part of the budget process,

neg: Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016–2017 included Jeffrey W. Greenberg, Bonnie B. Himmelman, and Andrew Solomon. As of 2017, the museum's endowment as administered by the museum's new investment officer Lauren Meserve is US$3.1 billion which provides much of the income for operations while admissions account for only 13 percent of revenue as of fiscal 2016. The 2009–10 operating budget was $221 million. The museum admission price as of March 2018 is $25 for out-of-state and foreign visitors, while New York state residents can pay what they wish to enter. Although subject to re-assessment, a 1970 agreement between the museum and the city of New

neg: Western Air Defense Sector major shift in how CONUS is defended since the Q-93 system had been in use since 1983. Also, in 2005 Western Air Defense Sector assumed responsibility of more airspace shifting from down the center of the US to East of Mississippi totalling roughly 75% of the US airspace. There have been a few system updates since 2005 but only upgrades to the firmware and program versions, not the hardware itself like what happened in 2005. Western Air Defense Sector The Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) is a unit of the Washington Air National Guard located at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma,

neg: Defense Security Cooperation Agency DoD or commercial contractor provide defense articles and services in furtherance of national policies and objectives. Founded in 1971, the Defense Security Assistance Agency was renamed the Defense Security Cooperation Agency effective October 1, 1998. Foreign military sales (FMS) and International Military Education and Training (IMET) are two key programs included within Security Cooperation. IMET is conducted solely on a grant basis. FMS can be conducted through direct payments of foreign states or United States Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Foreign Military Sales division is the core activity of DSCA, and yearly sales are between US$30 and US$40 billion. FMS is

neg: Military budget of Turkey expenditure per capita in 2013 was 474 Turkish Liras or $213. He also said Turkey’s defense exports stood at $1.4 billion in 2014, while its imports amounted to $1.3 billion. The 2014 defense budget accounted for 3.7 percent of the overall state budget. About half of the country’s defense budget went to personnel spending such as salaries, benefits and pension payments to retired Turkish Army personnel. Military budget of Turkey Military budget of Turkey, Turkey’s defense spending stood at 29.4 billion Turkish Liras, or $13.2 billion, old Turkish Defense Minister İsmet Yılmaz said 08 November 2014. He was responding to

neg: 2017 United States federal budget on March 16, 2017. The budget also proposed changes to the BCA spending caps for FY2017, with defense spending increasing by $25 billion (from $551 to $576 billion), and non-defense spending decreasing by $15 billion (from $519 billion to $504 billion). On April 28, 2017, Congress passed a one-week continuing resolution that extended funding through May 5, 2017. On May 1, a bipartisan agreement was announced on the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, which included all of the remaining appropriations bills. Near the end of the fiscal year, on September 8, additional disaster funding due to Hurricane Harvey was enacted as

neg: The 39 Steps (2008 film) big exterior locations and that's something that still challenges HD ... The HD cameras available to us on our budget are still vulnerable in difficult weather conditions [encountered during filming]. There's no doubt that what we've got on 35mm is just so much more detailed. It has so much more depth of field and richness than we could have got on HD. Some artistic licence was used to find the appropriate props. Cars used included a 1924 Morris Oxford, a 1926 Darracq, and a 1927 Wolseley, previously used in the 1960s series "Dr Finlay's Casebook". Willie Bennie, who sourced the

neg: 326th Airlift Squadron India from, September 1944-September 1945. The squadron was once again activated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command at Morrison Field, Florida on 15 July 1947. The squadron was nominally a Curtiss C-46 Commando unit, but it is not clear to what extent it was equipped with tactical aircraft while at Morrison. In June 1949, Continental Air Command, which had assumed the responsibility for training reserve units from Air Defense Command in 1948, reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system. As part of this reorganization and unit reductions required by President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget,

neg: Cognitive rehabilitation therapy an outcome. Citing this 2009 assessment, US Department of Defense, one of the federal agencies not responsible for health care decisions in the US, has declared that cognitive rehabilitation therapy is scientifically unproved and should refer their concerns to the US Department of Health and Human Services, US Budget and Management, and/or the Government Accountability Office (GAO). As a result, it refuses to cover the cost of cognitive rehabilitation for brain-injured veterans. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness studies, together with an analysis of personnel and veterans' services for new our emerging groups in head and brain injuries, are recommended. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy

neg: 2018 North Korea–United States summit that the U.S.military would discontinue "provocative" joint military exercises with South Korea, and stated that he wishes to bring the U.S. Soldiers back home at some point, but he reinforced that's not part of the Singapore equation. On August 1, 2018, the U.S. Senate passed the military budget bill for 2019; it forbids funding the reduction of active USFK personnel below 22,000, significant removal of US forces is considered a non-negotiable item in denuclearization talks with the North. After a period of heightened conflict that included North Korea successfully testing what it claims was its first hydrogen bomb and the

neg: Les Aspin although detailed work on the budget had begun as soon as Aspin took office. In March 1993 Aspin introduced a FY 1994 budget proposal costing $263.4 billion, about $12 billion below current levels, and reflecting cuts in the military services similar to those later included in the bottom-up review. To some critics of high military spending, Aspin's budget plan differed little from that of the Bush administration. In the fall of 1993 Aspin began to tell the White House that the five-year Defense budget, reflecting the results of the bottom-up review, would exceed the more than $1 trillion projected by

neg: Human Terrain System provided HTS funding until 2009 when funding responsibilities were assumed by Army G2 (i.e., the Army's Military Intelligence budget). In 2009 it was reported that the annual budget for the program was $143 million. In May 2010 the HASC temporarily limited the funding obligation to HTS until the Army submitted an assessment of the program that addressed concerns that had been raised. In 2011, McFate stated that HTS had a $150 million annual budget. In a speech in 2008, Robert Gates (US Defense Secretary) praised HTS, saying that although the program had experienced early "teething problems" the "net effect" of

neg: National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela directorate is Brigadier General Ivan Hernandez Darlan as of January 20, 2014. According to the law of the approved budget for the 2012 Fiscal year, the budget allocated to the defense sector, is US$4.959 billion, which represents 6.5% of Venezuela's gross domestic product (GDP). Another source indicates that the amount is of 4,508 millions of dollars. This amount does not include the additional credit granted by the Russian Federation of 4 billion of dollars, half of which will be used in fiscal year 2012, and the other half in fiscal year 2013. The Bolivarian government increased salaries annually for members

neg: Economic policy of Donald Trump Agriculture Department and Labor Department, and 18% for the Department of Health and Human Services, with single-digit increases for the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Homeland Security and the Defense Department. The Republican-controlled Congress promptly rejected the proposal. Instead, Congress pursued an alternative FY2018 budget linked to their tax reform agenda; this budget was adopted in late 2017, after the 2018 fiscal year had begun. The budget agreement included a resolution specifically providing for $1.5 trillion in new budget deficits over ten years to accommodate the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that would be enacted weeks later. Trump released

neg: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense a C-17 transport plane. At the same time, the THAAD system and the USS "John Paul Jones" guided missile destroyer both launched missiles to intercept a medium-range ballistic missile, launched by parachute from a second C-17. By March 2016, Army Space and Missile Defense Command was considering THAAD deployments to Europe with EUCOM and the Middle East with CENTCOM. In May 2017, the Pentagon proposed spending US$7.9 billion in its FY 2018 budget on missile defense which includes THAAD interceptors and Patriot interceptors, along with $1.5 billion for Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) against intercontinental ballistic missiles. On 17 October 2013,

neg: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments role in the debate over the revolution in military affairs (RMA) and the transformation of the US military. Since September 11, 2001, CSBA has focused its analysis on linking near-term requirements to longer term challenges. According to the group's website, CSBA "looks out two to three decades to identify emerging security challenges and opportunities." CSBA describes its current efforts as "drawing attention to a set of worrisome and profound emerging areas of concern: a rising China threat in the Pacific Theater; a nuclear-armed Iran; maintaining the US defense industrial base; and realigning the defense budget." Over the past few years,

neg: Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement 2014 due to budgetary constraints the US Navy indicated that it would buy only 36 F-35Cs instead of 69 between 2015-20. The USAF will also defer the purchase of four F-35As in 2015, while Marine Corps orders will not change. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel further indicated that the number of F-35s to be funded between 2014-19 could be further reduced unless Congress revokes the automatic budget cuts programmed for FY2016 and later by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013. In April 2015 the US Navy indicated that it was looking at purchasing additional F-18 Super Hornets to fill in a

neg: Savannah River Ecology Laboratory articles and SREL's outreach program reaches over 35,000 individuals in the local community. SREL researchers expand external funding via grants from the US Department of Agriculture, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the US Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration. 2015: SREL grows to 100 faculty, staff and students and reaches an annual budget from all sources of ~7 million dollars, of which 1.5 million is from sources external to the Savannah River Site. SREL's graduate cohort remains at 25 students. SREL is successful at establishing the first NSF funded Research Experience for Undergraduates Program in Radioecology in

neg: Military budget of the United States 10,000 lines of accounting." The US Government Accountability Office (GAO) was unable to provide an audit opinion on the 2010 financial statements of the US Government because of 'widespread material internal control weaknesses, significant uncertainties, and other limitations'. The GAO cited as the principal obstacle to its provision of an audit opinion 'serious financial management problems at the Department of Defense that made its financial statements unauditable'. In FY 2010, six out of thirty-three DoD reporting entities received unqualified audit opinions. Chief financial officer and Under Secretary of Defense Robert F. Hale acknowledged enterprise-wide problems with systems and processes, while

neg: China–United States relations in order to uphold their economic status. The PRC's military budget is often mentioned as a threat by many, including the Blue Team. The PRC's investment in its military is growing rapidly. The United States, along with independent analysts, remains convinced that the PRC conceals the real extent of its military spending. According to the PRC government, China spent $45 billion on defense in 2007. In contrast, the United States had a $623-billion budget for the military in 2008, $123 billion more than the combined military budgets of all other countries in the world. Some very broad US estimates maintain

neg: United States Forces Japan 40,000 dependents of military personnel and another 5,500 American civilians employed there by the United States Department of Defense. The United States Seventh Fleet is based in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture. The 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) is based in Okinawa. 130 USAF fighters are stationed in the Misawa Air Base and Kadena Air Base. The Japanese government paid ¥217 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2007 as annual host-nation support called . As of the 2011 budget, such payment was no longer to be referred to as Omoiyari Yosan or sympathy budget. Japan compensates 75 percent of U.S. basing costs —

neg: MiTEx was developed with funding from the Microsatellite Demonstration Science and Technology Experiment Program (MiDSTEP). Funding for MiDSTEP (and thus MiTEx) is allocated to DARPA through the "Space Programs and Technology" element of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) "Advanced Technology Development" budget item. DoD budget documents from February 2008 show costs of MiDSTEP in 2007 of US$8 million, in 2008 of $10 million, and in 2009 of $8 million. Dr. Owen C. Brown was the program manager for the design, integration, test, launch, and demonstration of MiTEx, while he was a program manager in the Tactical Technology Office (TTO)

neg: 2016 United States federal budget 2013 because the FY2016 discretionary defense cap is still slightly larger than the FY2015 cap in nominal terms. The budget and appropriations legislation will be the first passed since Republicans gained majorities in both houses of the United States Congress in the 2014 midterm elections. The Obama administration's budget was transmitted to Congress on February 2, 2015. The administration requested funding levels for discretionary spending that were 7% over the budget caps specified in the Budget Control Act of 2011, roughly equally split between defense and non-defense programs. It envisioned large tax increases on corporations and the wealthy, which were

neg: Expenditures in the United States federal budget after adjusting for inflation. The fiscal 2010 budget proposal brought the overseas contingency supplemental requests into the budget process, adding the $130 billion amount to the deficit. The U.S. defense budget (excluding spending for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Homeland Security, and Veteran's Affairs) is around 4% of GDP. Adding these other costs places defense and homeland security spending between 5% and 6% of GDP. The DoD baseline budget, excluding supplemental funding for the wars, has grown from $297 billion in FY2001 to a budgeted $534 billion for FY2010, an 81% increase. According to the CBO, defense spending grew

neg: Defense Intelligence Agency $4.4 billion/year for the General Defense Intelligence Program (GDIP), which is managed by DIA, even as it is not exclusively for the agency's use. The numbers exclude the Military Intelligence Component (MIP) of the overall US intelligence budget, which by itself has averaged more than $20 billion per year in the past decade. DIA is one of a few U.S. federal organizations, such as the [[CIA]] and [[FBI]], that rely on [[Human intelligence (intelligence collection)|human espionage]] to collect information. For this reason, the agency has been involved in numerous espionage events over the course of decades. [[File:Igor Sutyagin.jpg|thumb|125px|Igor Sutyagin]] [[File:Mugshot

neg: Cold Start (military doctrine) authorities. In a manner similar to the way that the US Strategic Defense Initiative impacted the economy of the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the threat of the Cold Start doctrine and the increase in the Indian defence budget from $24 billion to $40 billion between 2007 and 2009 both apparently prompted the Pakistan government to increase its defence budget sharply to 32% of their federal government's net revenue receipts, further increasing the strain on that country's already-tenuous economy. In 2009, financial constraints on budget and the effects on national economy made the Pakistani government officials to begin working

neg: Yehoshua Matza 1996, he was appointed Minister of Health under Netanyahu in November 1996, and also sat on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. When it appeared his efforts to increase the Health Ministry budget would go unfulfilled, Matza abstained from a key Knesset vote on the national budget. According to Israeli law, the budget must pass three Knesset readings by a specified date, otherwise the government will fall. In protest to what he viewed as insufficient allocations to the Health Ministry, Matza refused to participate in the vote. Following Matza's protest, Netanyahu agreed to increase government health allocations. Although Matza retained