query: what is the currency of central african republic

pos: Central African CFA franc in 1993. Since then, the banknotes have been issued with only a letter prominently displayed to distinguish between the issues of the different states. 2000 franc notes were introduced in 1993. General: Central African CFA franc The Central African CFA franc (French: "franc CFA" or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XAF) is the currency of six independent states in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. These six countries have a combined population of 48.0 million people (as of 2014), and a combined GDP of US$88.2 billion (as of 2012). CFA stands

pos: Central African CFA franc Central African CFA franc The Central African CFA franc (French: "franc CFA" or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XAF) is the currency of six independent states in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. These six countries have a combined population of 48.0 million people (as of 2014), and a combined GDP of US$88.2 billion (as of 2012). CFA stands for "Coopération financière en Afrique centrale" ("Financial Cooperation in Central Africa"). It is issued by the BEAC ("Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale", "Bank of the Central African States"), located in Yaoundé,

pos: Central African CFA franc in 1993. Since then, the banknotes have been issued with only a letter prominently displayed to distinguish between the issues of the different states. 2000 franc notes were introduced in 1993. General: Central African CFA franc The Central African CFA franc (French: "franc CFA" or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XAF) is the currency of six independent states in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. These six countries have a combined population of 48.0 million people (as of 2014), and a combined GDP of US$88.2 billion (as of 2012). CFA stands

pos: African Monetary Union a single currency by 2023. There are two existing regional currency unions in Africa, using the West African CFA franc, and the Central African CFA franc, respectively. Additionally, the Common Monetary Area links several countries in southern Africa based on the South African rand. The African Union's plans for further integration encourage the development of more such regional unions as an intermediate step to full monetary union. One proposed union is the eco, a proposed currency for members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). In 2002, Mansour Ciss and Baruch Gottlieb created a "prototype" currency, called the

neg: Economic Community of Central African States of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French: "Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale", in Spanish: "Comunidad Económica y Monetaria de África Central", and in Portuguese: "Comunidade Económica e Monetária da África Central") is an organization of states of Central Africa established by Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA franc. UDEAC signed a treaty for the establishment of CEMAC to promote the entire process of sub-regional integration through the forming of monetary union with the Central Africa CFA

neg: Central African Republic income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine. The currency of Central African Republic is the CFA franc, which is accepted across the former countries of French West Africa and trades at a fixed rate to the euro. Diamonds constitute the country's most important export, accounting for 40–55% of export revenues, but it is estimated that between 30% and

neg: Baptist Churches of the Central African Republic Baptist Churches of the Central African Republic The Baptist Churches of the Central African Republic () is a Baptist Christian denomination, in Central African Republic. Baptist Mid-Missions sent six missionaries to French Equatorial Africa in the fall of 1921. Rev. Haas, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Rosenau, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Young, and Mrs. Rowena Becker reached Africa in January 1921 and journeyed inland to French Equatorial Africa. The first stations were established at Sibut, Crampel, and Bangassou, in what is now the "Central African Republic". Although Hass died in 1924, the mission continued to expand and by the 1960s had

neg: Economic Community of Central African States common external tariff for imports from other countries. The treaty became effective in 1966 after it was ratified by the then five member countries—Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea joined the Union on 19 December 1983. UDEAC signed a treaty for the establishment of an Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) to promote the entire process of sub-regional integration through the forming of monetary union with the Central Africa CFA franc as a common currency; it was officially superseded by CEMAC in June 1999 (through agreement from 1994). CEMAC currently

neg: Central Bank of West African States currency as the common central bank for the then seven member countries: Central Bank of West African States The Central Bank of West African States (, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA): The Bank is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Its predecessor, the , was created in 1955 and was transformed into BCEAO in 1959. The treaty establishing the West African Monetary Union (UMOA), signed

neg: Central African Republic north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad. What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a

neg: History of the Central African Republic of Meroë, the capital of the Kingdom of Kush. During the Bantu Migrations from about 1000 BC to AD 1000, Ubangian-speaking people spread eastward from Cameroon to Sudan, Bantu-speaking people settled in the southwestern regions of the CAR, and Central Sudanic-speaking people settled along the Ubangi River in what is today Central and East CAR. Production of copper, salt, dried fish, and textiles dominated the economic trade in the Central African region. The territory of modern Central African Republic is known to have been settled from at least the 7th century on by overlapping empires, including the Kanem-Bornu, Ouaddai, Baguirmi,

neg: African Monetary Union African Monetary Union The African Monetary Union is the proposed creation of an economic and monetary union for the countries of the African Union, administered by the African Central Bank. Such a union would call for the creation of a new unified currency, similar to the euro; the hypothetical currency is sometimes referred to as the afro or afriq. The Abuja Treaty, an international agreement signed on June 3, 1991, in Abuja, Nigeria, created the African Economic Community, and called for an African Central Bank to follow by 2028. The current plan is to establish an African Economic Community with

neg: Tanzania contested between South Sudan and Sudan (UNISFA); the Central African Republic (MINUSCA); Lebanon (UNIFIL); and South Sudan (UNMISS). , according to the IMF, Tanzania's gross domestic product (GDP) was an estimated $56.7 billion (nominal), or $176.5 billion on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,457. From 2009 through 2013, Tanzania's per capita GDP (based on constant local currency) grew an average of 3.5% per year, higher than any other member of the East African Community (EAC) and exceeded by only nine countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia,

neg: Ghanaian cedi Ghanaian cedi The Ghanaian cedi (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After it gained independence Ghana separated itself from the British West African pound, which was the currency of the British colonies in the region. The new republic's first independent currency was the Ghanaian pound (1958-1965). In 1965, Ghana decided to leave the British colonial monetary system and adopt the widely accepted decimal system. The African name Cedi (1965-1967)

neg: Burundi and short- to medium-term credit. Dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited. Burundi is part of the East African Community and a potential member of the planned East African Federation. Economic growth in Burundi is relatively steady but Burundi is still behind neighbouring countries. Burundi's currency is the Burundian franc (ISO 4217 code BIF). It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc. Monetary Policy is controlled by the central bank, Bank of the Republic of Burundi.

neg: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic develops policies to promote financial inclusion which targets the rural parts of the country as the economy there is still largely agricultural based. These would overall contribute to long-term economic growth in the republic. The central bank follows an approved floating exchange-rate regime, whereby the som is not pegged to any currency nor is any currency likewise pegged to it. Currency interventions will be carried out in order to smooth sharp fluctuations of the exchange rate where necessary. The central bank will also purchase gold for the national currency in the internal market in order to likewise smooth the effect

neg: CFA franc franc: the West African CFA franc (ISO 4217 currency code XOF), and the Central Africa CFA franc (ISO 4217 currency code XAF). They are distinguished in French by the meaning of the abbreviation CFA. These two CFA francs have the same exchange rate with the euro (1 euro = 655.957 XOF = 655.957 XAF), and they are both guaranteed by the French treasury (), but the West African CFA franc cannot be used in Central African countries, and the Central Africa CFA franc cannot be used in West African countries. The West African CFA franc (XOF) is known in French

neg: Economy of Africa discovering ways to receive aid from foreign investors. The African Union is the largest international economic grouping on the continent. The confederation's goals include the creation of a free trade area, a customs union, a single market, a central bank, and a common currency (see African Monetary Union), thereby establishing economic and monetary union. The current plan is to establish an African Economic Community with a single currency by 2023. The African Investment Bank is meant to stimulate development. The AU plans also include a transitional African Monetary Fund leading to an African Central Bank. Some parties support development of

neg: Central African Republic–China relations Central African Republic–China relations Central African Republic–People's Republic of China relations refer to the bilateral relations of the Central African Republic and the People's Republic of China. Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Central African Republic were established on September 29, 1964 when the CAR's government severed diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan). China's ambassador to the Central African Republic is Ma Fulin as of 2017. Following establishment of relations in 1964, when Jean-Bédel Bokassa came to power in 1966, he switched the nation's recognition back to Taiwan, severing diplomatic ties with the government

neg: South African Republic "four colours"). The former national flag, from 1927 to 1994, had, as part of a feature contained within its central white bar, a horizontal flag of the Transvaal Republic (ZAR). South African Republic The South African Republic (), often referred to as the Transvaal or as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent and internationally recognised country in Southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. The country defeated the British in what is often referred to as the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender

neg: Economic Community of Central African States every two years. The first of these is to take place in Chad. The Mission for the consolidation of peace in Central African Republic (MICOPAX) is a peace operation in the Central African Republic led by the ECCAS. It's involved in the Central African Republic Bush War and 2012–2013 Central African Republic conflict. Economic Community of Central African States The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS; , CEEAC; , CEEAC; , CEEAC) is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. It "aims to achieve collective autonomy, raise the standard of

neg: Central Bank of Armenia system. As at December 31, 2014 the Armenian financial market comprised: The national currency of the Republic of Armenia is dram (ISO code - AMD, the sign - ). One dram is equal to hundred luma. The CBA is vested with the exclusive right to issue currency. The national currency was put into circulation on 22 November 1993. The design of the graphical symbol (sign) of the Dram of the Republic of Armenia authored by Karen Komendaryan and Ruben Arutchyan was approved and chosen out of the other design proposals under the Central Bank of Armenia Board Resolution No. 25,

neg: Central South African Railways Central South African Railways The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, the Orange Free State Government Railways, the Netherlands-South African Railway Company and the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways under Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Girouard. After the war had ended, the Imperial Military Railways became the Central South African Railways in July

neg: Central Bank of Armenia a majority of its votes and upon the recommendation of the President of the Republic remove the Chairman of the Central bank from office.(Article 83.3) Armenian Laws Armenian Law on "The Central Bank of Armenia". Armenian Law on "Banks and Banking". Armenian Law on "Currency Regulation and Currency Control". Armenian Law on "Credit Organizations". Armenian Law on "Foreign Investment". "Armenian Civil Code" The Armenian Law on "The Central Bank" sets out the objectives, authority, structure and management of the Central Bank. The Law provides that the Central Bank is a legal entity, the sole founder of which is the Republic

neg: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic () is the central bank of Kyrgyzstan and is primarily responsible for the strategic monetary policy planning of the country as well as the issuance of the national currency, the Som. The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic was established upon the country's independence in 1991 from the Central Bank of Russia, which itself was a successor of the State Bank of the USSR. In its initial years, Kyrgyzstan and many other post-Soviet states mainly relied on the Soviet ruble as its currency. The instability of the

neg: Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency Commemorative currency in the Kyrgyz Republic is the set of commemorative banknotes and coins issued by the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic that are not meant for general circulation. All the banknotes and coins are either denoted by som, the underlined C, or its subunit the tyiyn. Kyrgyz is the language used on the commemorative currencies although Russian and to a lesser extent English is used in conjunction as well. The central bank regularly issues commemorative currencies to mark various occasions or to celebrate the various aspects of Kyrgyzstani culture or wildlife. Several of these

neg: Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency symbol as well. Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency Commemorative currency in the Kyrgyz Republic is the set of commemorative banknotes and coins issued by the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic that are not meant for general circulation. All the banknotes and coins are either denoted by som, the underlined C, or its subunit the tyiyn. Kyrgyz is the language used on the commemorative currencies although Russian and to a lesser extent English is used in conjunction as well. The central bank regularly issues commemorative currencies to mark various occasions or to celebrate the various aspects of Kyrgyzstani culture or wildlife.

neg: Central African Republic–United States relations On December 27, 2012 the US closed its embassy in the Central African Republic and removed its diplomats due to rising violence from the rebellion in the country. The U.S. Embassy is located in Bangui. Central African Republic–United States relations Central African Republic–United States relations are the international relations between Central African Republic and the United States of America. The relations have generally been positive, although concerns over the pace of political and economic liberalization and human rights have affected the degree of support provided by the United States to the Central African Republic. The U.S. Embassy in Bangui was

neg: Central Bank of Armenia Bank, with their books, were transferred to Ardshinbank, Bnaksotsbank and Agroardbank. In 1988 the fourth and the last charter of the State Bank of the Soviet Union was approved, saying that the State Bank is the country’s head bank, the unified issuance center and the organizer of credit and settlement relations in the national economy. Introduction of the national currency: In 1993 the Republic of Armenia Law on “The Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia” was adopted, and the National Bank was renamed into the Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia. The national currency, the Dram, was put

neg: United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic, more commonly known as MINURCA (which is formed from the initials of its French name "Mission des Nations Unies en République Centrafricaine") was a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Central African Republic. The 1350-troop mission was established by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1159 in March 1998. It was replaced in 2000 after the Central African Republic conducted two peaceful elections, with the entirely civilian composed UN Peace-Building Support Office in the Central African Republic (BONUCA). Ange-Félix Patassé came to power

neg: North Yemeni rial Central Bank of Yemen absorbed the functions of the Yemen Currency Board. When the Arab Republic of Yemen ("North Yemen") and the Democratic Republic of Yemen ("South Yemen") united on 22 May 1990 to form the Republic of Yemen, the north's Central Bank of Yemen merged with the south's Bank of Yemen, and the joint venture continued to use the name Central Bank of Yemen. North Yemeni rial The rial or riyal was the currency of North Yemen, first the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, then the Yemen Arab Republic. The Mutawakkilite Kingdom began issuing coins around the turn of the

neg: Central African Republic–China relations its operations in 2013 after the fall of President Bozizé and the subsequent civil war, but as of 2016 it was reopened. Since the first Forum on China Africa Cooperation in 2000, the Chinese government has delivered $152 million in development assistance to the Central Africa Republic. Several major Chinese aid projects in the Central African Republic include: Central African Republic–China relations Central African Republic–People's Republic of China relations refer to the bilateral relations of the Central African Republic and the People's Republic of China. Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Central African Republic were established

neg: Central African Republic national basketball team Central African Republic national basketball team The Central African Republic national basketball team is administered by the Fédération Centrafricaine de Basketball. The team won the African Basketball Championship twice. It became the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Basketball World Cup. Central African Republic have won the African Championship twice. Their first title came in 1974 when they hosted the tournament and beat Senegal 72–67 in the final. They hoisted the trophy again in 1987 by defeating Egypt 94–87 for the championship. The team also took third place in the 1968 tournament. This was the Central African Republic

neg: Central African Republic national basketball team team for the AfroBasket 2017. Other current notable players from the Central African Republic: At the AfroBasket 2015. 2015: Peak 2015: Orange Central African Republic national basketball team The Central African Republic national basketball team is administered by the Fédération Centrafricaine de Basketball. The team won the African Basketball Championship twice. It became the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Basketball World Cup. Central African Republic have won the African Championship twice. Their first title came in 1974 when they hosted the tournament and beat Senegal 72–67 in the final. They hoisted the trophy again in 1987 by

neg: LGBT rights in the Central African Republic LGBT rights in the Central African Republic Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the Central African Republic may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is legal in the Central African Republic. The Central African Republic signed a 2011 UN declaration supporting LGBT rights. Same-sex sexual activity is legal. However, the U.S. Department of State's 2012 human rights report found that, The penal code criminalizes consensual same-sex sexual activity. The penalty for "public expression of love" between persons of the same sex is imprisonment for six months to two years

neg: Central South African Railways 1902, with Thomas Rees Price as General Manager. With the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the CSAR was merged with the Cape Government Railways and the Natal Government Railways to form the South African Railways. Central South African Railways The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, the Orange Free State Government Railways,

neg: Lionel Bomayako bench for Quimper UJAC in France. Bomayako is also a long-time member of the Central African Republic national basketball team. He participated in the 2005, 2007, and 2009 African Championships, helping the Central African Republic to three consecutive quarterfinal appearances. Lionel Bomayako Lionel Bomayako (born September 15, 1978) is a Central African Republic-French basketball player. He is also a member of the Central African Republic national basketball team. Bomayako was born in Bangui, Central African Empire and played NCAA Division I basketball at Fairleigh Dickinson University. Bomayako's best season was his senior year in which he averaged 12.4 PPG and

neg: Currency swap in U.S. dollars to overseas markets." While central bank liquidity swaps and currency swaps are structurally the same, currency swaps are commercial transactions driven by comparative advantage, while central bank liquidity swaps are emergency loans of US Dollars to overseas markets, and it is currently unknown whether or not they will be beneficial for the Dollar or the US in the long-term. The People's Republic of China has multiple year currency swap agreements of the Renminbi with Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, United Kingdom and Uzbekistan that perform a similar function to central

neg: Damara, Central African Republic Damara, Central African Republic Damara is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Ombella-M'Poko. It is located about an hour from the national capital, Bangui. In March 2013, rebels from the Séléka Coalition ("" means "alliance" in the Sango language) overtook a checkpoint in Damara. Part of the 2012-2013 Central African Republic conflict, the rebels claimed that President of the Central African Republic François Bozizé had violated the terms of a January cease-fire agreement. After storming the Damara checkpoint, however, the rebels were prevented from taking Bangui by a helicopter attack. "The helicopter opened fire on the

neg: Damara, Central African Republic column, forcing it to disperse... The rebels have not reached Bangui," said a senior military analyst quoted by Reuters. Damara, Central African Republic Damara is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Ombella-M'Poko. It is located about an hour from the national capital, Bangui. In March 2013, rebels from the Séléka Coalition ("" means "alliance" in the Sango language) overtook a checkpoint in Damara. Part of the 2012-2013 Central African Republic conflict, the rebels claimed that President of the Central African Republic François Bozizé had violated the terms of a January cease-fire agreement. After storming the Damara

neg: Geography of the Central African Republic points of the Central African Republic, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. Geography of the Central African Republic The Central African Republic is a landlocked nation within the interior of the African continent. It is bordered by the countries of Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo. Much of the country consists of flat, or rolling plateau savanna, about above sea level. In the northeast are the Fertit Hills, and there are scattered hills in the southwestern part of the country. To

neg: Central African Republic–India relations in the country. Central African Republic–India relations Central African Republic–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between the Central African Republic (CAR) and India. The Embassy of India in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo is concurrently accredited to CAR. India also maintains an Honorary Consulate General in Bangui. CAR has no diplomatic mission in India. The Central African Republic and India signed an agreement to hold Foreign Office Consultations between the two Foreign Ministries on 3 September 2010, and the first such Consultation was held on 17 January 2011 in Bangui. Rajinder Bhagat, Joint Secretary (West Africa),

neg: Central African Republic–India relations Central African Republic–India relations Central African Republic–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between the Central African Republic (CAR) and India. The Embassy of India in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo is concurrently accredited to CAR. India also maintains an Honorary Consulate General in Bangui. CAR has no diplomatic mission in India. The Central African Republic and India signed an agreement to hold Foreign Office Consultations between the two Foreign Ministries on 3 September 2010, and the first such Consultation was held on 17 January 2011 in Bangui. Rajinder Bhagat, Joint Secretary (West Africa), MEA led the

neg: Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) with the aim "to provide temporary support in achieving a safe and secure environment in the Bangui area, with a view to handing over to African partners." The French Major General Philippe Pontiès was appointed as a commander of this force. Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) </noinclude> The Central African Republic conflict is a civil war in the Central African Republic (CAR) involving the government, rebels from the "Séléka" coalition and the Anti-balaka militias. In the Central African Republic Bush War, the government of President François Bozizé fought with rebels until a peace agreement in 2007. The current conflict

neg: Czech National Bank The first independent banking system, in what is now the Czech Republic, was The Banking Office of the Ministry of Finance. The bank was established in 1919, due to the development of a new state. When the kingdom of Bohemia ceased to exist in 1918, the creation of Czechoslovakia called for a new central bank and currency. Czechoslovakia, which was the only democratic government in central and Eastern Europe before World War II, located the main headquarters of the bank in Prague. Established as the central bank of Issue, the Banking office of the ministry of Finance held the authority

neg: Shilling the Central Bank assumes full control of monetary policy and replaces the presently circulating currency introduced by the private sector. The Somaliland shilling is the official currency of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The currency is not recognised as legal tender by the international community, and it currently has no official exchange rate. It is regulated by the Bank of Somaliland, the territory's central bank. Although the authorities in Somaliland have attempted to bar usage of the Somali shilling, Somalia's official currency is still the preferred means of exchange for many

neg: Ghanaian cedi been printed every year in the period but that the banknote has been issued more than once in the stated period. Ghanaian cedi The Ghanaian cedi (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After it gained independence Ghana separated itself from the British West African pound, which was the currency of the British colonies in the region. The new republic's first independent currency was the Ghanaian pound (1958-1965). In 1965,

neg: Currency band floating exchange rate. For example, the exchange rate of the "renminbi" of the mainland of the People's Republic of China has recently been based upon a currency band; the European Economic Community's "snake in the tunnel" was a similar concept that failed, but ultimately led to the establishment of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and ultimately the Euro. Currency band A currency band is a range of values for the exchange rate for a country’s currency which the country’s central bank acts to keep the exchange rate within. The central bank selects a range, or "band", of values at

neg: Republican Guard (Central African Republic) Republican Guard (Central African Republic) The Republican Guard (, or GR), also called the Presidential Guard (, or PR), is nominally part of the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) but is directly subordinated to the President of the Central African Republic, for whom it provides security. During the leadership of President François Bozizé the guard largely consisted of members of his same tribe, "patriots" who helped him seize power during the 2003 Central African Republic coup d'état, and was estimated to number some 800 men. They are have been accused of numerous assaults on the civil population, such as terror,

neg: East African Currency Board by sterling securities. It operated out of premises at 4 Millbank, London SW1, one time the offices of The Crown Agents. The Board was replaced by the independent central banks of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania in 1966. East African Currency Board The East African Currency Board (EACB) supplied and oversaw the currency of British colonies in British East Africa from 1919 to 1966. It was established after Britain took control of mainland Tanzania from Germany at the end of World War I, and originally oversaw the territories of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (excluding Zanzibar). Zanzibar joined the currency area in

neg: Barthélemy Boganda Barthélemy Boganda Barthélemy Boganda (4 April 1910 – 29 March 1959) was the leading nationalist politician of what is now the Central African Republic. Boganda was active prior to his country's independence, during the period when the area, part of French Equatorial Africa, was administered by France under the name of Oubangui-Chari. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Central African Republic autonomous territory. Boganda was born into a family of subsistence farmers, and was adopted and educated by Roman Catholic Church missionaries. In 1938, he was ordained as the first Roman Catholic priest from Oubangui-Chari. During World

neg: Nicholas Kristof act. Which is what Kristof did with his work in Darfur, Sudan: He caused people – from George Clooney on down – to do whatever they can." Since 2010, the Center for Global Development has screened applicants for the contest, forwarding Kristof a short list of finalists for his selection. In March 2018 Kristof traveled again to the Central African Republic accompanied by Tyler Pager, the former editor of The Daily Northwestern and the winner of that year's contest. The co-director of Columbia University's Human Rights Institute, Sarah Knuckey, described Kristof's reporting of the Central African Republic resulting from this

neg: Central African red colobus Additionally, the taxon "tephrosceles" has been considered a subspecies of the Central African red colobus, but following Groves (2001) it is here recognized as a separate species, the Ugandan red colobus. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Central African red colobus should be considered a subspecies of "P. rufomitratus". As here defined, the Central African red colobus has 5 subspecies, although these are variable and hard to separate: The Central African red colobus is endemic to tropical central Africa. It range includes the Republic of Congo, the southern part of the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the

neg: Cuisine of the Central African Republic RCA in Boali is known for its local dishes. CAR's potential agricultural output can feed the entire population, however, four coups have occurred during the last decade which has significantly reduced agriculture and food production. These political and economic crises have caused significant food shortages due to the burning of agricultural fields, food storage areas and villages by armed groups. France once colonized what is now the country of Central African Republic as part French Equatorial Africa, and French influences are present in the nation's cuisine, including French bread and wine. During the 19th century Arab slave traders brought Middle

neg: Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) </noinclude> The Central African Republic conflict is a civil war in the Central African Republic (CAR) involving the government, rebels from the "Séléka" coalition and the Anti-balaka militias. In the Central African Republic Bush War, the government of President François Bozizé fought with rebels until a peace agreement in 2007. The current conflict arose when a new coalition of varied rebel groups, known as "", accused the government of failing to abide by the peace agreements and captured many towns at the end of 2012. The capital was seized by the rebels in March

neg: Central Bank of West African States Central Bank of West African States The Central Bank of West African States (, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA): The Bank is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Its predecessor, the , was created in 1955 and was transformed into BCEAO in 1959. The treaty establishing the West African Monetary Union (UMOA), signed on May 12, 1962, gave BCEAO the exclusive right to issue the

neg: MISCA MISCA The African-led International Support Mission to the Central African Republic (MISCA, French acronym for ) is an African Union peacekeeping mission to the Central African Republic. MISCA was established on 5 December 2013 by United Nations Security Council resolution 2127 to stabilise the country as a result of the Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration and following the 2013 Central African Republic coup d'état. The mission, officially backed by France and initially led by the African Union, was deployed on 19 December 2013. The resolution includes the option to transfer it to a larger mission under United

neg: Central Africa Central Africa Central Africa is the core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda. Middle Africa (as used by the United Nations when categorising geographic subregions) is an analogous term that includes Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and São Tomé and Príncipe. All of the states in the UN subregion of Middle Africa, plus those otherwise commonly reckoned in Central Africa (11 states in total), constitute the Economic Community of

neg: Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, although it prohibits what the Government considers to be religious fundamentalism or intolerance and establishes fixed legal conditions based on group registration with the Ministry of Interior. The Government generally respected the right to religious freedom in practice; however, witchcraft is a criminal offense under the penal code. Private actors continued to abuse and discriminate against those accused of witchcraft. The country has an area of approximately and a population of 4,369,000. According to a 2005 census report, Protestants compose 51 percent of the population,

neg: Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic against these individuals continued. Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, although it prohibits what the Government considers to be religious fundamentalism or intolerance and establishes fixed legal conditions based on group registration with the Ministry of Interior. The Government generally respected the right to religious freedom in practice; however, witchcraft is a criminal offense under the penal code. Private actors continued to abuse and discriminate against those accused of witchcraft. The country has an area of approximately and a population of 4,369,000. According to a 2005 census report, Protestants compose 51

neg: West African CFA franc West African CFA franc The West African CFA franc (; or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XOF) is the currency of eight independent states in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. These eight countries had a combined population of 105.7 million people in 2014, and a combined GDP of US$78.4 billion (as of 2012). The acronym CFA stands for ' ("Financial Community of Africa") or ' ("African Financial Community"). The currency is issued by the BCEAO ("Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest", "Central Bank of the West African States"), located in

neg: African art The Kingdom of Luba or Luba Empire (1585–1889) was a pre-colonial Central African state that arose in the marshy grasslands of the Upemba Depression in what is now southern Democratic Republic of Congo. Today, the Luba people or baLuba are an ethno-linguistic group indigenous to the south-central region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Majority of them live in this country, residing mainly in its Katanga, Kasai, and Maniema provinces. As in the Kuba Kingdom, the Luba Kingdom held the arts in high esteem. A carver held relatively high status, which was displayed by an adze (axe) that he

neg: Human rights in the Central African Republic into genocide and France described the country as "...on the verge of genocide." The increasing violence is largely from reprisal attacks on civilians from Seleka's mainly Muslim fighters and Christian militias called "anti-balaka", meaning 'anti-machete' or 'anti-sword'. Christians make up half the population and Muslims 15 percent, according to the CIA World Factbook. As many Christians have sedentary lifestyles and many Muslims are nomadic, claims to the land are yet another dimension of the tensions. The Central African Republic won independence from France in 1960, after which there ensued what the International Rescue Committee has called "decades of misrule and

neg: Yakoma, Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Free State established a post at Yakoma for collection of ivory and rubber. It lay opposite the original French capital of Ubangi-Shari (the present-day Central African Republic) at les Abiras. In 1894 and 1895, the initial settlers of the area extracted the resources by force. A traveler who visited the post at Yakoma in 1905 noted the workers were paid, but primary in the form of beads and salt rather than currency. Sleeping sickness seems to have been introduced to the area through the rise in canoe traffic to provision the colonial posts along the river from

neg: Somali shilling currency at 100 to 1, with new banknotes of 20 and 50 new shilin prepared for the redenomination. In terms of coins, the East African shilling and somalo initially circulated. In 1967, coins were issued in the name of the Somali Republic in denominations of 5, 10 and 50 cents/centesimi and 1 shilling/scellino. In 1976, when the Somali names for the denominations were introduced, coins were issued in the name of the Somali Democratic Republic for 5, 10 and 50 senti and 1 shilling. Following the breakdown in central authority that accompanied the civil war, which began in the early

neg: African Union-led Regional Task Force responsible for widespread murder, torture, child abduction, sex slavery and forced recruitment of child 'soldiers'. The group had been forced out of Uganda and was roaming remote areas of (what is now) South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. Prior to the formation of the AU-RTF Uganda had conducted military raids into the Democratic Republic of Congo, targeting LRA camps (see article 2008–09 Garamba offensive). Most notably Operation Lightning Thunder, launched on 14 December 2008, saw aerial bombardment of the main LRA camp in the Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This

neg: Coat of arms of the Central African Republic map of Africa symbolizes the position of the Central African Republic. The hand (bottom right quarter) was the symbol of the dominant MESAN party in 1963 when the arms were adopted. The bottom left quarter holds three diamonds, which symbolize the mineral resources of the country. The medal under the shield is the honorific decoration of the Order of Central African Merit. An earlier version of the coat of arms had the words "1er DECEMBRE 1958" written within the sun. Coat of arms of the Central African Republic The coat of arms of the Central African Republic consists of a

neg: Politics of the Central African Republic of the Central African Republic would be dissolved and new legislative elections would be held within twelve months. However, two months later, the Séléka rebels felt their terms were not being met, and at the culmination of the 2012-2013 Central African Republic conflict, they attacked and took the capital, Bangui. The president, Bozizé, fled to neighboring Cameroon via the Democratic Republic of Congo on March 24, 2013. On December 14, 2015, a new constitution by referendum and ratified on March 27, 2016. Since March 30, 2016, Faustin-Archange Touadéra is the president of the Central African Republic. The president is elected

neg: Cuisine of the Central African Republic Cuisine of the Central African Republic Central African cuisine includes the cuisines, cooking traditions, practices, ingredients and foods of the Central African Republic (CAR). Indigenous agriculture in the country includes millet, sorgum, banana, yam, okra, yellow onion, garlic, spinach, rice and palm oil. Imported crops of American origin include maize, manioc (cassava), peanuts, chili peppers, sweet potato and tomato. Additional foods include onions garlic, chiles and peanuts. Meats can be scarce in the Central African Republic, although fish is used in a variety of dishes, and other sources of protein include peanuts and insects such as cicadas, grasshoppers, crickets and

neg: Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa (born 30 August 1974 in Bangui, Central African Republic) is a French-Central African socialite, artist and novelist. He is the eldest grandson of Jean-Bedel Bokassa, the 2nd President of the Central African Republic and later the self-proclaimed Emperor Bokassa I of its successor state, the Central African Empire. Bokassa comes from an influential political family. As a member of the House of Bokassa, he is not simply a descendent of Jean-Bedel Bokassa but also related to former President of the Central African Republic David Dacko and is the great-great nephew of Barthélémy Boganda, the first Prime

neg: Central African Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics Sprinter Berenger Aymard Bosse, who advanced past the first round for the first time in the men's event, became the only athlete to compete at his second Olympics. Taekwondo jin David Boui, on the other hand, was appointed by the committee to be the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Central African Republic, however, has yet to win its first Olympic medal. Central African Republic has qualified 2 athletes. Central African Republic has received one wild card in wrestling. Central African Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics Central African Republic competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United

neg: Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea opposed to the changes within the system were removed from their posts. On December 6, 1947, a comprehensive program of currency reform was announced. In 1959, the Central and Farmers' banks were merged to form the Central Bank of the Democratic's People's Republic of Korea. The Foreign Trade Bank was established to handle the Central Bank's international business. The Central Bank has over 220 branches. It operates the Chŏnsŏng electronic cash card. Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea The Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is North Korea's central bank. Established on December 6,

neg: Central African red colobus Central African red colobus The Central African red colobus ("Procolobus foai") is an Old World monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in humid forests in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic and South Sudan. The taxonomy is potentially confusing. "Procolobus foai" has, together with all other red colobuses, been considered a subspecies of "Procolobus badius". When considered a separate species, the scientific name "Procolobus oustaleti" (Trouessart, 1906) has been used for the Central African Red Colobus, but this is incorrect, as the taxon "foai" precedes "oustaleti" by 7 years.

neg: Demographics of the Central African Republic Demographics of the Central African Republic This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Central African Republic, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. There are more than 80 ethnic groups in the Central African Republic (CAR), each with its own language. About 50% are Baya-Mandjia, 40% Banda (largely located in the northern and central parts of the country), and 7% are M'Baka (southwestern corner of the CAR). Sangho, the language of a small group along the Oubangui River, is the national language

neg: Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa Minister of the Central African Republic after whom he was named. His mother Martine Nguyen Bokassa, is the sole offspring of Jean-Bedel Bokassa's first marriage to the Vietnamese Nguyen Thi Hué, who married Jean-Bedel Bokassa during the First Indochina War. Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa Jean-Barthélémy Bokassa (born 30 August 1974 in Bangui, Central African Republic) is a French-Central African socialite, artist and novelist. He is the eldest grandson of Jean-Bedel Bokassa, the 2nd President of the Central African Republic and later the self-proclaimed Emperor Bokassa I of its successor state, the Central African Empire. Bokassa comes from an influential political family. As

neg: Republican Guard (Central African Republic) those from Rwanda. Currently President Faustin-Archange Touadéra is also protected by Rwandan troops. Some sources suggest that a Central African Presidential Guard still exists, however, and that it has been trained by Rwandan commandos. Republican Guard (Central African Republic) The Republican Guard (, or GR), also called the Presidential Guard (, or PR), is nominally part of the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) but is directly subordinated to the President of the Central African Republic, for whom it provides security. During the leadership of President François Bozizé the guard largely consisted of members of his same tribe, "patriots" who helped

neg: Foreign relations of the Central African Republic Foreign relations of the Central African Republic President François Bozizé has said that one of his priorities is to get the support of the international community. This has indeed been visible in his relations to donor countries and international organisations. At the same time it is difficult to have an open policy towards neighbouring countries when they are used as safe haven by rebels regularly attacking Central African Republic (C.A.R.), or when one allied country is in war with another (as is Chad–Sudan). The Military of the Central African Republic cannot–even with the support of France and the Multinational Force

neg: Islam in the Central African Republic Islam in the Central African Republic Islam accounts for approximately 8.9% (750,000 people) of the population of the Central African Republic, making it the second most followed organized religion in the country after Christianity (90%). The vast majority of Muslims are Sunni of Maliki school of jurisprudence. Most Central African Muslims live in the north-east, near the border with predominantly Muslim Chad and Sudan. Islam arrived in Central African Republic in the 17th Century as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. In February 2014, tens of thousands of Muslims fled the Central African Republic

neg: Anne-Marie Goumba to the Pan-African Parliament. In January 2015, she praised the peacekeeping efforts in Rwanda, saying that while she has lived in the Central African Republic for 30 years, she never forgets that she came from Rwanda. She is the coordinator of the non government organisation Les Flamboyants, which seeks to prevent violence against women and children. Anne-Marie Goumba Anne-Marie Goumba (born 9 October 1954), is a member of the National Assembly of the Central African Republic and as a member of the Pan-African Parliament from the Central African Republic. She is the wife of long-time Central African politician Abel Goumba.

neg: Abortion in the Central African Republic Abortion in the Central African Republic Abortion in the Central African Republic is prohibited by law unless the pregnancy is the result of rape. According to general medical practice, the medical procedure is only legal if the abortion will save the woman's life, though this is not explicitly stated in any law. Anyone who performs an abortion faces up to five years in prison and a fine, and physicians risk losing their medical licenses for up to five years. Prior to 2006, law in the Central African Republic explicitly outlawed abortion. In 2006, the National Assembly legalized abortion care in

neg: Anne-Marie Goumba she met Abel Goumba, who was also a lecturer on public health issues, later marrying him. Her husband was a long-time Central African political reformer, who founded what eventually became the Patriotic Front for Progress party. She too supported the work of the FPP, and stood in the Central African general election, 2005 and was elected as a deputy for Bangui's fifth district with 37.32 percent in the 8 May runoff. In the same election, her husband lost his seat. After being named to the National Assembly of the Central African Republic, she was named as a Central African representative

neg: African folk art African folk art African folk art (see also Tribal art) consists of a wide variety of items: household objects, metal objects, toys, textiles, masks, and wood sculpture, among others. Metal objects have many functions and meanings in Africa where forging has been regarded as an almost magical, transformative process that is likened to the creation of life itself. Ceremonial pieces, often based on utilitarian forms such as the agricultural hoe, an iwenga from the Nkutshu people of southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, were used as special-purpose currency. Not everyday money, this currency was exchanged in the course of a significant

neg: Central African Republic–North Korea relations Central African Republic–North Korea relations Central African Republic–North Korea relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the Central African Republic and the North Korea (DPRK). Neither country maintains an embassy in their respective capitals. During the Cold War, the DPRK maintained a close relationship with the long-time military ruler of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bédel Bokassa. While Bokassa was an anti-communist, this appears to have had no effect on their relationship. Diplomatic relations between the two countries began on 5 September 1969. In 1976, Bokassa proclaimed himself Emperor Bokassa I, and declared the Central African Empire. The eccentric

neg: Demographics of the Central African Republic was 65 years or older Registration of vital events is in the Central African Republic not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. An approximate distribution of the ethnic groups is shown in the chart below: Demographics of the Central African Republic This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Central African Republic, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious

neg: Music of the Central African Republic two ends and held in front of the musician's mouth. When the string is struck, the mouth is used to amplify and modulate the tone. Instruments similar to the mbela are sometimes considered the oldest ancestors of all string instruments . The national anthem of the Central African Republic is "La Renaissance". This song, which has been the anthem since 1960, was written by Barthélémy Boganda (words), the first President of the Central African Republic, and Herbert Pepper, who also composed the melody for the Senegalese national anthem . Popular music in the Central African Republic generally comes from the

neg: Transport in the Central African Republic Transport in the Central African Republic Modes of transport in the Central African Republic include road, water, and air. Most but not all of the country is connected to the road network, much of which is unpaved, and which centres on the "routes nationales" identified as RN1 to RN11. Bangui serves as a seaport, and 900 km of inland waterways are navigable, the main route being the Oubangui river. There is one international airport at Bangui-Mpoko, two other paved airports, and over 40 with unpaved runways. There are presently no railways in the Central African Republic. A line from Cameroon

neg: University of Bangui University of Bangui The University of Bangui () is a public university located in Bangui, Central African Republic. Before independence in Oubangui-Chari (later to be called the Central African Republic), most students going on to higher education headed for universities in France. After gaining independence in 1958, the Central African Republic took part in the Foundation for Higher Education in Central Africa (FESAC). The FESAC encompassed several former French colonies, each with schools or institutes with a specific focus. Within the FESAC, the Central African Republic had the agricultural institute. The FESAC began to come apart in the late 1960s,

neg: University of Bangui in higher education University of Bangui The University of Bangui () is a public university located in Bangui, Central African Republic. Before independence in Oubangui-Chari (later to be called the Central African Republic), most students going on to higher education headed for universities in France. After gaining independence in 1958, the Central African Republic took part in the Foundation for Higher Education in Central Africa (FESAC). The FESAC encompassed several former French colonies, each with schools or institutes with a specific focus. Within the FESAC, the Central African Republic had the agricultural institute. The FESAC began to come apart in

neg: Geoffrey Kondogbia a footballer. He spent most of his career in Belgium, and represented the Central African Republic internationally. (Central African Republic score listed first, score column indicates score after each Kondogbia goal) Sevilla France U-20 Geoffrey Kondogbia Geoffrey Kondogbia (born 15 February 1993) is a Central African Republic professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Valencia CF and the Central African Republic national team as a defensive midfielder. He can also play as a central defender or left back. He started his career at Lens, then signed with Sevilla at the age of 19. In 2013 he was bought by Monaco

neg: Central African Republic well as significant quantities of arable land, the Central African Republic is among the ten poorest countries in the world, with the lowest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in the world as of 2017. , according to the Human Development Index (HDI), the country had the lowest level of human development, ranking 188th out of 188 countries. It is also estimated to be the unhealthiest country as well as the worst country in which to be young. The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States,

neg: Abortion in the Central African Republic cases of rape, as women regularly faced sexual violence, rape, and gang rape in the war-ravaged country. Women with unwanted pregnancies in the Central African Republic do not have legal access to medical care. They still seek reproductive health care, but experts believe they often resort to conditions that are not sterile or medically safe. Abortion in the Central African Republic Abortion in the Central African Republic is prohibited by law unless the pregnancy is the result of rape. According to general medical practice, the medical procedure is only legal if the abortion will save the woman's life, though this

neg: Central African Backbone Central African Backbone The Central African Backbone (CAB) is a fiber-optic Internet backbone being developed to connect the countries of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in Africa via high speed internet. The countries included in the CAB project are: Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Republic of the Congo and São Tomé and Príncipe. It's split up into five phases, each phase focusing on the fibre rollout in one or more countries. The project is funded by a loan from the World Bank, initially estimated at $160 million USD. As of

neg: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic approving in the previous year the underlined C as the official currency symbol of the som as well as issuing its first commemorative banknote. The C with a line underneath was chosen by the central bank to show that the national currency is stable. The overall objective of the activity of the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic is to achieve and maintain stability of prices by means of implementing an appropriate monetary policy. The primary task contributory to attainment of the corporate objective of the bank is to maintain a purchasing power of the national currency, and safety and

neg: Wildlife of the Central African Republic levels of cattle grazing. The richness of the wild life of the Central African Republic is reflected in its about 3,600 species of plants, 663 birds, 209 mammals (includes two endemic species and 11 threatened species), 187 reptiles and 29 amphibians. The Central African Republic, a landlocked country in Africa, which was once a French colony under the name Ubangi-Shari, is a rich rainforest area of 22.755 million ha with tropical forest covering 35% of the area of the country. The rich forests of the Central African Republic vary and are largely delimited within the major tropical rain forests of

neg: Economy of the Central African Republic Economy of the Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR) is classified as one of the world's least developed countries, with an estimated annual per capita income of $547 PPP (2014). Sparsely populated and landlocked, the nation is overwhelmingly agrarian. The vast bulk of the population engages in subsistence farming and 55% of the country's GDP arises from agriculture. Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. Principal food crops include cassava, peanuts, sorghum, millet, maize, sesame, and plantains.

neg: Central African Forest Initiative CAFI Fund. Central African Forest Initiative Central African Forest Initiative (CAFI) was launched during the 2015 United Nations General Assembly in New York as a collaborative partnership between a coalition of willing donors (The European Union, Germany, Norway, France and the United Kingdom), 6 Central African Partner Countries (Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of Gabon), and Brazil as South-South partner. CAFI's goals are to "recognize and preserve the value of the forests in the region to mitigate climate change, reduce

neg: Central African Forest Initiative Central African Forest Initiative Central African Forest Initiative (CAFI) was launched during the 2015 United Nations General Assembly in New York as a collaborative partnership between a coalition of willing donors (The European Union, Germany, Norway, France and the United Kingdom), 6 Central African Partner Countries (Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of Gabon), and Brazil as South-South partner. CAFI's goals are to "recognize and preserve the value of the forests in the region to mitigate climate change, reduce poverty, and

neg: History of rail transport in the Central African Republic the port of Kribi in Cameroon to Bangui was proposed in 2002. "This article is based on a translation of the German Wikipedia article as at September 2012." History of rail transport in the Central African Republic The history of rail transport in the Central African Republic is limited to a now closed short railway line, and two proposed railway projects that were not implemented. The only railway line ever to be built on the territory of the present-day Central African Republic ran from Zinga, Lobaye to Mongo. It was just long, and was in operation from 1930 until about

neg: European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic European Union Force RCA, commonly referred as EUFOR RCA, is the United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping mission in Bangui, capital of the Central African Republic. The goal of the mission is to stabilize the area after more than a year of internal conflict. Agreement about the mission was reached in January 2014, and the first operations started at the end of April. The mission ended its mandate after nearly a year on 15 March 2015. In 2012 the Central African Republic was embroiled in internal conflict, resulting in the ousting of

neg: National Assembly (Central African Republic) Regional"). The National Assembly will be dissolved by Jan 11, 2014 and new legislative elections will be held, according to a ceasefire agreement signed between the government and the Seleka rebel coalition on Jan 11, 2013 in Libreville, Gabon. According to the agreement, a national unity government will be formed and a prime minister will be chosen from the opposition parties. The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of the Central African Republic since the ratification of the Constitution of the Central African Republic on March 27, 2016. National Assembly (Central African Republic) The National Assembly is

neg: Central African Republic Air Force 1950s, from the U.S. The air force otherwise operates several light aircraft, including a single helicopter. Central African Republic Air Force The Central African Republic Air Force (French: "Force Aérienne Centrafricaine") is the aerial warfare branch of the Central African Republic Armed Forces. The Air Force is reported to be almost inactive due to the unserviceability of its aircraft. Dassault Mirage F1s of the French Air Force regularly patrol troubled regions of the country and also participate in direct confrontations. According to some sources, former President François Bozizé used the money he got from the mining concession in Bakouma to