query: the bulk of immigrants coming to the united states between the late 1880s and the 1920s came from

pos: History of immigration to the United States among newcomers. This wave of migration, constituting the third episode in the history of U.S. immigration, may be better referred to as a flood of immigrants, as nearly 25 million Europeans made the long trip. Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, and others speaking Slavic languages made up the bulk of this migration. 2.5 to 4 million Jews were among them. Each group evinced a distinctive migration pattern in terms of the gender balance within the migratory pool, the permanence of their migration, their literacy rates, the balance between adults and children, and the like. But they shared one overarching characteristic: they

pos: Ellis Island Europeans (Germany, France, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Great Britain, and the Scandinavian countries). Eventually, these groups of peoples slowed in the rates that they were coming in, and immigrants came in from Southern and Eastern Europe, including Jews. Many reasons these immigrants came to the United States included escaping political and economic oppression, as well as persecution, destitution, and violence. Other groups of peoples being processed through the station were Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, Serbs, Slovaks, Greeks, Syrians, Turks, and Armenians. Between 1905 and 1914, an average of one million immigrants per year arrived in the United States. Immigration officials reviewed

pos: Italian-American cuisine Tom Colicchio, and Lidia Bastianich. Italian-American food is based primarily on the culinary traditions of Southern Italian immigrants, although a significant number of Northern Italian immigrants also came to the United States and also influenced this style of cuisine to some extent. Most of these immigrants arrived in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and during this time, many Italians coming from Naples and Sicily moved to large American cities, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco; the immigrant cuisine is thus largely derived from Neapolitan and

pos: Foster Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania English and Welsh immigrants who came from the mines in Great Britain. By the late 1850s and early 1860s, these miners were joined by groups of Irish farmers, who had immigrated to America after the devastating potato famine in their homeland. By the 1880s and 1890s, a new wave of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe entered Eckley. These groups included people from Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Italy. "The Molly Maguires"—a 1970 movie—was filmed in Eckley in 1969. The Eckley Miners' Village was finally listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. According to the United States

pos: Greek Americans than 30,000 Greek immigrants arrived in the U.S. between 1925 and 1945, most of whom were "picture brides" for single Greek men and family members coming over to join relatives. The events of the early 1920s also provided the stimulus for the first permanent national Greek American religious and civic organizations. Greeks again began to arrive in large numbers after 1945, fleeing the economic devastation caused by World War II and the Greek Civil War. From 1946 until 1982, approximately 211,000 Greeks emigrated to the United States. These later immigrants were less influenced by the powerful assimilation pressures of the

pos: Slovene Americans neighboring parts of Canada. Many of these early immigrants were bilingual Slovene-German speakers (Shipman, 1912). Until the 1880s there was a small number of Slovene immigrants to the United States. Between 1880 and World War I, the largest numbers of Slovenes immigrated to America. Most of these came between 1905 and 1913, although the exact number is impossible to determine because Slovenes were often classified as Austrians, Italians, Croats, or under other, broader labels, such as Slavonic or Slavic. These later arrivals migrated to the industrial cities or to mining towns in the Upper Midwest, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Two later

pos: History of immigration to the United States the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but immediately after the end of World War I (1914–18) and into the early 1920s, Congress changed the nation's basic policy about immigration. The National Origins Formula of 1921 (and its final form in 1924) not only restricted the number of immigrants who might enter the United States, but also assigned slots according to quotas based on national origins. A complicated piece of legislation, it essentially gave preference to immigrants from Central, Northern and Western Europe, severely limiting the numbers from Russia and Southern Europe, and declared all potential immigrants

pos: History of United States prison systems immigrants arrived on the shores of the United States. By the 1880s, the influx rose to 5.2 million, as immigrants fled persecution and unrest in eastern and southern Europe. This trend continued until immigration reached a zenith between 1904 and 1914 of 1 million persons per year. Already in the 1850s and 1860s, prisons (along with asylums for the mentally ill) were becoming the special preserve of the foreign-born and the poor. This trend accelerated as the nineteenth century drew to a close. In Illinois, for example, 60 percent of inmates in 1890 were foreign-born or second-generation immigrants—Irish and German,

pos: Empire of Brazil The figure for European settlers arriving between 1884 and 1893 climbed to 883,668. The number of Europeans immigrating continued to rise in the following decades, with 862,100 between 1894 and 1903; and 1,006,617 between 1904 and 1913. From 1872 until 1879, the nationalities forming the bulk of the new settlers were composed of Portuguese (31.2%), Italians (25.8%), Germans (8.1%) and Spanish (1.9%). In the 1880s, Italians would surpass the Portuguese (61.8% to 23.3% respectively), and the Spanish would displace the Germans (6.7% to 4.2% respectively). Other, smaller groups also arrived, including Russians, Poles and Hungarians. Since nearly all European immigrants

pos: Internment of Italian Americans Italian community in the United States presented an unusual problem. Defined in terms of national origin, it was the largest ethnic community in the United States, having been supplied by a steady flow of immigrants from Italy between the 1880s and 1930. By 1940, there were in the United States millions of native-born Italians who had become American citizens. There were also a great many Italian "enemy aliens", more than 600,000, according to most sources, who had immigrated during the previous decades and had not become naturalized citizens of the United States. The laws regarding "enemy aliens" did not make

pos: Political machine count on a win, there was less need to recruit new members, as this only meant a thinner spread of the patronage rewards to be spread among the party members. As such, later-arriving immigrants, such as Jews, Italians, and other immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe between the 1880s and 1910s, saw fewer rewards from the machine system than the well-established Irish. At the same time, the machines' staunchest opponents were members of the middle class, who were shocked at the malfeasance and did not need the financial help. The corruption of urban politics in the United States was denounced

pos: Belarusian diaspora often classified as Poles or Russians (sometimes Lithuanians, i.e., Litviny), or sometimes as Ukrainians. According to the 2011 Census there were 8,050 Canadians who claimed Belarusian ancestry. Belarusian immigrants have been coming to the US since the 19th century. A large group of Belarusian immigrants from Belarus were Belarusian Jews, who came to the country in late 19th century and early 20th century. An other wave of refugees came after World War II. It is difficult to estimate the real number of Americans of Belarusian descent because immigrants from Belarus were often classified as Poles or Russians (sometimes Lithuanians, i.e.,

neg: History of immigration to the United States in precluding all "extra" immigration to the United States, including Jews fleeing Nazi German persecution. The Immigration Act of 1924 set quotas for European immigrants so that no more than 2% of the 1890 immigrant stocks were allowed into America. "New immigration" was a term from the late 1880s that came from the influx of Catholic and Jewish immigrants from Italy and Russia (areas that previously sent few immigrants). Though the majority of immigrants came through New York, thus making the Northeast a major target of settlement, there were various efforts, such as the Galveston Movement, to redirect immigrants to

neg: How the Other Half Lives slums among poor immigrants. After the Civil War, the country transformed into an industrial superpower and became largely urban. Also, a wave of unskilled southern European, eastern European, Asian, and Jewish immigrants came to settle in the "promised land" of the United States. This migration was vastly different from the previous booms due to the influx of non-western European and non-Protestant individuals, therefore making the split between the "new" and "old" immigrants much larger. In the 1880s, over 5.2 million immigrants came to the United States, with many of these people staying in New York City. This increased New York

neg: French Argentines (Basses-Pyrénées accounted for more than 20% of immigrants), Bigorre and Rouergue. Other important groups came from Savoy and the Paris region. It was estimated that at least 70% of French immigrants in Tandil were coming from the Southwestern part of the country and that half of them were of Basque stock. Until the 1880s, the great majority of French immigrants to Argentina were from the Pyrenees. Basques started settling in Argentina in the 1830s, then they began heading towards Chile and the United States in the 1870s. Today it is estimated that up to 17% of Argentines have partial French

neg: Gangs in the United States Chicago during the late 1920s. By the early 1930s, however, these immigrant-dominated gangs largely died out. Just as with the Midwest, the American West experienced gang growth during the late 19th century and early 20th century. The earliest Los Angeles gangs were formed in the 1920s, and they were known as "boy gangs"; they were modelled on earlier social groups of Latino and Chicano men known as "palomilla". Frequently these groups were composed of Mexican immigrants upon coming to the United States. The youth of this culture became known as the cholo subculture, and several gangs formed from among them.

neg: Mexicans in Chicago Mexicans in Chicago There is a Mexican American population in the Chicago metropolitan area. The first Mexicans who came to Chicago, mostly entertainers and itinerants, came before the turn of the 20th Century. In the mid to late 1910s Chicago had its first significant wave of Mexican immigrants. Originally the immigrants were mostly men working in semiskilled and unskilled jobs who originated from Texas and from Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacán. After immigration was largely reduced in the 1920s, internal migration from the Southwestern United States became the primary driver of Mexican population growth in Chicago. Circa the 1920s Mexicans were

neg: Asian Americans due to the birthright citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; this guarantee was confirmed as applying regardless of race or ancestry by the Supreme Court in "United States v. Wong Kim Ark" (1898). From the 1880s to the 1920s, the United States passed laws inaugurating an era of exclusion of Asian immigrants. Although the absolute numbers of Asian immigrants were small compared to that of immigrants from other regions, much of it was concentrated in the West, and the increase caused some nativist sentiment known as the "yellow peril". Congress passed restrictive legislation prohibiting nearly all Chinese immigration in the

neg: Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 Japanese citizens followed suit and migrated to the United States. By the late 1880s, the number of Japanese immigrants was equivalent to the number of Chinese immigrants. As the 19th century came to a close, immigration continued to increase along with Nativism, the idea of preserving the current American social values. Nativists viewed immigrants that were not Caucasian or from select regions of Europe "un-American" and therefore unable to assimilate into society. If citizens were seen as unfit for society, they were considered a threat to the preservation of American values. Many Canadian and American citizens used violent actions to

neg: Binghamton, New York New York State Inebriate Asylum, opened in 1858 as the first center in the United States to treat alcoholism as a disease. Binghamton incorporated as a city in 1867 and, due to the presence of several stately homes, was nicknamed the Parlor City. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many immigrants moved to the area, finding an abundance of jobs. During the 1880s, Binghamton grew to become the second-largest manufacturer of cigars in the United States. However, by the early 1920s, the major employer of the region became Endicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer whose development of welfare capitalism

neg: Rusyn Americans the 1880s. Upon arrival in North America, the vast majority of Rusyns identified with the larger state that they had left. It is, therefore, impossible to know their exact number. It is estimated that between the 1880s and 1914 some 225,000 Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants came to northeastern United States. Based on immigration statistics and membership records in religious and secular organizations, it is reasonable to assume that there are about 620,000 Americans who have at least one ancestor of Rusyn background. At the time of the first and largest wave of immigration (1880s to 1914), the Rusyn homeland was located entirely

neg: Immigration to the United States for the Colonial Period but with large numbers of Catholic Irish and Scandinavians added to the mix; the late 19th and early 20th-century immigrants were mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe, but there were also several million immigrants from Canada; post-1965 most came from Latin America and Asia. Historians estimate that fewer than 1 million immigrants moved to the United States from Europe between 1600 and 1799. By comparison, in the first federal census, in 1790, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214. The 1790 Act limited naturalization to "free white persons"; it was expanded to

neg: Bulk vending Bulk vending Bulk vending is the sale of unsorted confections, nuts, gumballs, toys and novelties (in capsules) selected at random and dispensed generally through non-electrically operated vending machines. Bulk vending is a separate segment of the vending industry from full line vending — i.e., the snack and soda vending industries — and involves different products and strategies. Bulk vending represents less than 1% of the total vending industry. Bulk vending dates back at least to the late 19th century. Vending machines were widely used in Europe before they became popular in the United States. In the early 1880s, the first

neg: Choro choro ensembles. Various genres were incorporated as subgenres of choro such as "choro-polca", "choro-lundu", "choro-xote" (from schottische), "choro-mazurca", "choro-valsa" (waltz), "choro-maxixe", "samba-choro", "choro baião". Just like ragtime in the United States, tango in Argentina and habanera in Cuba, choro springs up as a result of influences of musical styles and rhythms coming from Europe and Africa. In the beginning (by the 1880s to 1920s), the success of choro came from informal groups of friends (principally workers of postal/telegraphic service and railway) which played in parties, pubs (botecos), streets, home balls (forrobodós), and also the big hits of Ernesto Nazareth, Chiquinha

neg: Liang May Seen with him to Minneapolis. Woo Yee Sing had immigrated to the United States at the age of eighteen, moving to San Francisco in the early 1880s. He arrived to face severe anti-Chinese violence. The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act - which restricted Chinese immigration to the United States - had also bolstered the segregation and social exclusion of Chinese immigrants already in the United States. Most of the Chinese men who came to the Midwest during the 1880s and 1890s moved from the West Coast to escape this kind of violence. Woo Yee Sing moved for the same reason. Minnesota was

neg: Immigration to the United States as early as the 1880s generally prohibited or severely restricted immigration from Asia, and quota laws enacted in the 1920s curtailed Eastern European immigration. The civil rights movement led to the replacement of these ethnic quotas with per-country limits. Since then, the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has quadrupled. Research suggests that immigration to the United States is beneficial to the U.S. economy. With few exceptions, the evidence suggests that on average, immigration has positive economic effects on the native population, but it is mixed as to whether low-skilled immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives. Studies also

neg: Koreatown, Los Angeles stronger ties to the Latino community in Koreatown. The community is highly diverse ethnically, with half the residents being Latino and a third being Asian. Two-thirds of the residents were born outside of the United States, as a high figure compared to the rest of the city. In 1882, the United States and Korea established the United States-Korea Treaty of 1882, which ended Korea’s self-imposed isolation. The establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and Korea paved the way for Korean immigration to Hawaii in the late 1880s. In the early 1900s, Korean immigrants began making their way to

neg: Turkish Americans restrictive immigration laws such as the Immigration Act of 1924. Approximately 100 Turkish immigrants per year entered the United States between 1930 and 1950. However, the number of Turkish immigrants to the United States increased to 2,000 to 3,000 per year after 1965 due to the liberalization of US immigration laws. As of the late 1940s, but especially in the 1960s and 1970s, Turkish immigration to the United States changed its nature from one of unskilled to skilled migration; a wave of professionals such as doctors, engineers, academicians, and graduate students came to the United States. In the 1960s, 10,000

neg: Mennonites and state and opposition to slavery. From 1812 to 1860, another wave of Mennonite immigrants settled farther west in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. These Swiss-German speaking Mennonites, along with Amish, came from Switzerland and the Alsace-Lorraine area. These immigrants, along with the Amish of northern New York State, formed the nucleus of the Apostolic Christian Church in the United States. There were also Mennonite settlements in Canada, who emigrated there chiefly from the United States (Upstate New York and Pennsylvania): During the 1880s, smaller Mennonite groups settled as far west as California, especially around the Paso Robles area. The

neg: Demographic history of New York City whole United States has. Right before World War I over 40% of New York City's total population was composed of immigrants. After immigration restrictions were passed in the 1920s, immigrants as a percentage of New York's total population dropped to 18% in 1970, before bouncing back up to 36% in 2000. The recorded increase in the city's immigrant percentage after 1970 occurred after the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965 (which took effect in 1968) and at a time when a greater number of immigrants than before were coming to the United States. Most of the earlier immigrants to

neg: French diaspora century, Uruguay received most French immigrants to South America. It constituted back then the second receptor of French immigrants in the New World after the United States. Thus, while the United States received 195,971 French immigrants between 1820 and 1855, 13,922 Frenchmen, most of them from the Basque Country and Béarn, left for Uruguay between 1833 and 1842. The majority of immigrants were coming from the Basque Country, Béarn and Bigorre. Today, there are an estimated at 300,000 French descendants in Uruguay. The United States is home to the largest community of people outside of France who have identified as

neg: Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn Smith Streets, as well as on President, Carroll, and Second Streets between Smith and Hoyt Streets. Further development of the Carroll Gardens was aided by the draining in the late 1860s of the swampland which surrounded Gowanus Creek through the deepening and dredging of the Creek to create the Gowanus Canal. This provoked land speculation and a building boom throughout the area. It was during this period, from the late 1860s to the early 1880s, that the area which is now the Carroll Gardens Historic District began to be developed. Italian immigrants began coming to the neighborhood in the late

neg: Breaker boy Breaker boy A breaker boy was a coal-mining worker in the United States and United Kingdom whose job was to separate impurities from coal by hand in a coal breaker. Although breaker boys were primarily children, elderly coal miners who could no longer work in the mines because of age, disease, or accident were also sometimes employed as breaker boys. The use of breaker boys began in the mid-1860s. Although public disapproval of the employment of children as breaker boys existed by the mid-1880s, the practice did not end until the 1920s. Coal came into wide use in late 1590s

neg: French people immigrants to South America. It constituted back then the second receptor of French immigrants in the New World after the United States. Thus, while the United States received 195,971 French immigrants between 1820 and 1855, 13,922 Frenchmen, most of them from the Basque Country and Béarn, left for Uruguay between 1833 and 1842. The majority of immigrants were coming from the Basque Country, Béarn and Bigorre. Today, there are an estimated at 300,000 French descendants in Uruguay. French migration to the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that has occurred at various points in history. Many British people have French ancestry,

neg: 2014 American immigration crisis the bulk immigrants coming to the United States. Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala make up 85 percent of those who arrive to the United States since the 1980s. "In fiscal year (FY) 2016 alone, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) intercepted nearly 46,900 unaccompanied children and more than 70,400 family units from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border." During the Cold War, the United States backed violent anti-Communist forces throughout Latin America. Academics claim that the violence and high murder rates in many of these countries is the direct legacy of the US intervention on behalf

neg: Swedish Canadians and more scarce in America. Crop failures in their home country between 1866 and 1868 encouraged a similar exodus from Sweden. The second and largest wave, which came during the 1920s, endured both the depression of the 1930s and the Second World War 1939–45. The third wave, although not as numerous, has been steady since the 1950s. The immigrant pattern in Canada differs slightly from their counterpart in the United States. Whereas the majority of the earlier Swedish immigrants in America are from south-central Sweden, a significant portion of the Swedish immigrants in Canada are from the Stockholm region and

neg: Okarche, Oklahoma is derived from parts of three words, Oklahoma (OK), Arapaho (AR), and Cheyenne (CHE). The Southern Arapaho and Cheyenne Native American tribes had been relocated to Oklahoma from the northern Great Plains in the late 19th century. The town's population hovered in the 400s for more than three decades after statehood had risen to over 1,200 by 2010. By the late 1890s, German immigrants were a greater part of the population and German a widely used language of the community. Many had come to America in the wave of 1.5 million German immigrants to the United States in the 1880s

neg: Notre Dame Academy and Convent 1880s and 90s saw nearly 100,000 Czechs leave the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia and emigrate to the United States. Once in the United States the immigrants tended to establish Czech-only neighborhoods and towns that were almost self-sufficient, with Czech-language shops, banks, churches and schools. The Czechoslovakian School Sisters of Notre Dame came to the United States to sustain Czech immigrants by teaching the Czech language and culture. The order purchased Seven Oaks Farm, Father Edward J. Flanagan's original site for Boys Town. Afterwards, Sisters were regular staff at Boys Town. Influenced by the 1898 Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha

neg: Swedish diaspora Swedish. The majority of the early Swedish immigrants to Canada came via the United States. It wasn't until after 1880 that significant numbers of Swedes immigrated to Canada. From WWI onwards, almost all of the Swedish immigrants entered Canada coming directly from Sweden. In addition to Swedish immigrants from south-central part of Sweden, a relatively large number of Swedish immigrants came from Stockholm and northern Sweden. The newcomers played an important role in the development of the Canadian prairies. Swedish Canadians can be found in all parts of the country. Many Swedish social, cultural, political, business and welfare organizations, both

neg: History of the Poles in the United States final resolution on the border would require another peace conference. A wave of Polish immigrants came to the United States following World War II. They differed from the first wave in that they did not want to, and often could not, return to Poland. They assimilated rather quickly, learned English and moved into the American middle class with less of the discrimination faced by the first wave. This group of immigrants also had a strong Polish identity; Poland created a strong national and cultural identity during the 1920s and 1930s when it gained independence, and immigrants carried much of this

neg: Ethnic groups in Baltimore ethnic Russian Christians, the majority have been Russian Jews. In the 1930 United States Census there were 17,000 Russian immigrants living in the city, most of whom were Jewish. In comparison to Baltimore's wealthy and assimilated German Jews, the Russian Jews historically were largely poor and lived in slums with other Russian Americans. Baltimore's Russian community, including the Russian Jews, was originally centered in Southeast Baltimore. The largest wave of Russian-Jewish immigrants to Baltimore occurred during the 1880s. A second large wave of Russian-Jewish immigrants came during the 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. While many immigrants from

neg: Uzbek Americans Uzbek Americans Uzbek Americans are Uzbek that came to the United States or Uzbek immigrants with green cards mostly received by lottery. Since the late 1950s, over 1,000 Uzbek families migrated to the United States, according to unofficial data. The first of them came from Europe, but from the mid-1960s they mainly came from Turkey and, to a lesser extent, Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. According to U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs Statistics, 56,028 families has won DV lottery during 1996-2016. A wave of Uzbek immigrants to the United States settled in the country in the 1980s, because

neg: West Third Street Historic District (Davenport, Iowa) West Third Street Historic District (Davenport, Iowa) German immigrants started moving into the city in noticeable numbers starting in the late 1840s. In 1848 250 Germans came to Davenport and by 1850 that number rose to close to 3,000, or 20% of the city's population. German immigration remained strong through the 1880s. The Iowa census of 1890 showed that a quarter of Scott County residents were natives of Germany. A disproportionate number of those immigrants came from Schleswig-Holstein, which was in a border and personal rights dispute with Denmark in the 1840s. Other German immigrants to Davenport came from Bavaria,

neg: Mexicans of European descent both nations. One of the few Porfirian-era European settlements to survive to this day is centered on the small town of Chipilo in the state of Puebla. They are the descendants of about 500 Italian refugee immigrants which came over in the 1880s, keeping their Venetian-derived dialect and distinct ethnic identity, even though many have intermarried with other Mexicans. Many still farm and raise livestock but economic changes have pushed many into industry. During the Mexican Revolution, Álvaro Obregón invited a group of German-speaking Mennonites in Canada to resettle in Chihuahua state. By the late 1920s, almost 10,000 had arrived

neg: Education of immigrants in the United States World War Two, nearly 60% of immigrants came from Europe. That percentage declined over time, along with immigration from Canada. In its place, immigration from Asia and Latin America rose quickly, both nearing 40% of immigration in more recent times. The pie graph shows H1-B visas, which are used in the United States to admit skilled workers, most of whom have advanced degrees. Immigrants are more likely to come to the United States at older ages. Compared to native-born populations, immigrants are much more likely to be in their late 30s through their 50s, whereas the native-born population has a

neg: Lebanese Americans Detroit, Michigan, Toledo, Ohio and Peoria, Illinois gaining a large number of all Lebanese immigrants. Others bought farms in states such as Texas, South Dakota and Iowa. Large numbers came via the United Kingdom, including a large number on the ill-fated liner RMS "Titanic". The second wave of Lebanese immigration began in the late 1940s and continued through the early 1990s, when Lebanese immigrants had been fleeing the Lebanese Civil War. Between 1948 and 1985, over 60,000 Lebanese entered the United States. Since then, immigration has slowed down to an estimated 5,000 immigrants a year, and those who do settle

neg: Norteño (music) musical styles such as polka and waltz. European immigrants from Germany, Poland, & Czech Republic to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States also brought dance traditions such as the varsovienne. The focus on the accordion in the music of their home countries was integrated into Mexican music, and the instrument is essential in the genre today. It was called norteño because it was most popular in the northern regions of Mexico. The late 1910s and 1920s were the golden age of the corrido, a form of ballad. Mexicans on both sides of the border came to San Antonio, Texas,

neg: Latin America–United States relations in 2011. By 2015, relations were tense between United States and Venezuela. Large-scale immigration from Latin America to the United States grew since the late twentieth century. Today approximately 18% of the U.S. population is Hispanic and Latino Americans, totaling more than 50 million people, mostly of Mexican and Central American background. Furthermore, over 10 million illegal immigrants live in the United States, most of them with Hispanic origins. Many send money back home to family members and contribute considerably to the domestic economies of their countries of origin. Large-scale immigration to the United States came primarily from Mexico and

neg: Fernald Fernald Fernald is a French surname typical of 18th and 19th century wealthy French upperclass and aristocratic families of nobility from France and Monaco, also found in the United States, notably in the New England states. <br> Fernald is a topographic name adapted from Olde French ""four'nelle"," the first French word for "furnace." Wealthy French immigrants in the United States Germanized the surname into a number of spellings to better fit in with the vast number of British descendants during the late 1880s. With the ebolishment of entitlements, estates, and tax-exemption of the noble families in France, following the fall

neg: Fernald Fernaux, Forneret, Fornerat, Varnault, Varnaux, Varnot, Vernet, Vernett, Vernette, and Vernes. Fernald Fernald is a French surname typical of 18th and 19th century wealthy French upperclass and aristocratic families of nobility from France and Monaco, also found in the United States, notably in the New England states. <br> Fernald is a topographic name adapted from Olde French ""four'nelle"," the first French word for "furnace." Wealthy French immigrants in the United States Germanized the surname into a number of spellings to better fit in with the vast number of British descendants during the late 1880s. With the ebolishment of entitlements, estates,

neg: History of immigration to the United States of Eastern Orthodox ethnic groups was much lower. Lebanese and Syrian immigrants started to settle in large numbers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The vast majority of the immigrants from Lebanon and Syria were Christians, but smaller numbers of Jews, Muslims, and Druze also settled. Many lived in New York City's Little Syria and in Boston. In the 1920s and 1930s, a large number of these immigrants set out West, with Detroit getting a large number of Middle Eastern immigrants, as well as many Midwestern areas where the Arabs worked as farmers. From 1880 to 1924, around

neg: Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) of those in the manufacturing and building sectors worked there. By comparison, in 1938, Britain and the United States produced just 13% of the quantity of weapons that Germany produced that year. German armament spending went from under 2% of gross national product in 1933 to over 23% in 1939. German armament expenses under the Nazi regime increased rapidly, especially under the Four Year plan: Stalin viewed a coming war as occurring between imperialist powers, and in the late 1920s, had even predicted a massive war between the United States and Britain. The Soviet military experienced almost proportionately identical massive

neg: German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) important trading relationship between the countries that existed in the 1920s essentially collapsed with Hitler's rise to power. Throughout these years, the bulk of the imports from the Soviet Union consisted of raw materials equivalent to foreign exchange. For example, in 1937, 95 percent of imports to the Soviet Union were raw materials. Germany lacks natural supplies of several key raw materials needed for economic and military operations. In 1938, two thirds of German oil supply came from the United States and Latin America, while 52 per cent of German steel used imported iron ore originating from Sweden Germany's imports

neg: History of the Catholic Church in the United States high birth rates. By the end of the century, there were 12 million Catholics in the United States. During the mid 19th century, a wave of "old" immigrants from Europe arrived from Ireland and Germany, as well as England and the Netherlands. From 1880s to 1914 a "new" wave arrived from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe. Substantial numbers of Catholics also came from French Canada during the mid-19th century and settled in New England. After 1911 large numbers of Mexicans arrived. Many Catholics stopped practicing their religion or became Protestants. However there were about 700,000 converts to Catholicism from 1813

neg: Saint Joseph, Tennessee Saint Joseph, Tennessee Saint Joseph (usually shortened to St. Joseph) is a city in Lawrence County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 782 at the 2010 census, down from 829 in 2000. The St. Joseph area was settled by German Catholic immigrants in the early 1870s. These settlers established St. Joseph Catholic Church, which is still home to a Catholic parish. By the late 1880s, St. Joseph had about twenty-five houses, a school, and a store. St. Joseph is located at (35.034920, -87.502158). The city is situated on a relatively broad ridge between the Shoal Creek Valley to the west

neg: San Paolo Albanese Southern Italy saw a wave of emigration to the United States and South America. Immigrants initially clustered in the New York Metropolitan Area but can be found distributed throughout the US. The population dropped during the late 19th, and late 20th century from 1,430 in 1861, 968 in 1911, 911 in 1961, to 306 in 2011. From 1936 to 1962, the village was called Casalnuovo Lucano. With the opening of Albania in the last 20th century, Albanians again started coming to Italy. Politicians in the two countries have been working to build relationships between the communities. The Albanian language continued

neg: History of the Russians in Baltimore immigrants to Baltimore occurred during the 1880s. A second wave of Russian-Jewish immigrants came during the 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the 1960 United States Census, Russian Jews comprised 18.2% of Baltimore's population. By 1940, Russian Jews were the majority in 13 of Baltimore's census tracts. Russian Jews helped establish several synagogues in Baltimore, including the B'nai Israel Synagogue and the Shaarei Tfiloh Synagogue. While most people of Russian descent in Baltimore are Jewish, a significant minority are Christians, mostly from the Russian Orthodox Church. Ethnic Russians from Belarus established the Transfiguration of our Lord Russian

neg: Religion and politics in the United States of unions in the United States provided no such impetus. American Catholics seldom dominated unions, but they exerted influence across organized labor. Catholic union members and leaders played important roles in steering American unions away from socialism. While earlier Jewish immigrants from Germany tended to be politically conservative, the wave of Eastern European Jews starting in the early 1880s, were generally more liberal or left wing and became the political majority. Many of the latter came to America with experience in the socialist, anarchist and communist movements as well as the Labor Bund, emanating from Eastern Europe. Many Jews rose

neg: French Argentines of the flow of immigrants to Argentina until the 1870s, reached its maximum (around 12% of immigrants) in the 1870s-1880s, decreased to 4% at the end of the 20th century, and only represented 1% of immigrants in the 1920s. The year 1890, when it culminated (22% of immigrants), shows the decline of French immigration to Argentina, at the moment when the phenomenon of mass immigration to Argentina started. This is probably due to the financial crisis in 1890 and to an early demographic shift in France: population growth was slow between 1890 and 1913, limiting the need for emigration, contrary

neg: Irish Americans groups such as the Molly Maguires. The best urban economic opportunities for unskilled Irish women and men included "factory and millwork, domestic service, and the physical labor of public work projects." During the mid-1900s Irish immigration to the United States began to decrease. From the years of 1941–1950, there were only 1,000,000 immigrants in total, and only 68,151 of them were coming from Ireland. These immigrants from Ireland were coming to the U.S. for the same reasons as those before them; they came looking for jobs. The Irish-American immigration of women The Irish people were the first of many to

neg: Demographics of Brazil the 2000 census, 66.9 percent were Brazilians. If only the returning migrants (former Brazilian immigrants) are considered, 26.8 percent of Brazilians came from Paraguay, 17 percent came from Japan, and 15.8 percent came from the United States. The bulk of the Brazilian population descends from three main source populations (either alone, or more commonly, in varying combinations mixed in varying degrees); early European settlers (chiefly ethnic Portuguese, but also Portuguese New Christians of ethnic Sephardic Jewish origin forced to convert to Christianity), sub-Saharan Africans (Yoruba, Ewe, Akan, Bantu, and others), and the indigenous peoples in Brazil (mostly Tupi and Guarani,

neg: Rock Springs massacre the rioting ended, at least 28 Chinese miners were dead and 15 were injured. Rioters burned 78 Chinese homes, resulting in approximately US$150,000 in property damage ($ in present-day terms). Tension between whites and Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century American West was particularly high, especially in the decade preceding the violence. The massacre in Rock Springs was one among several instances of violence culminating from years of anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States. The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, but not before thousands of immigrants came to the American West. Most Chinese immigrants

neg: Meana di Susa provides an opportunity for the community to honour the youth who are coming of age. Emigration: With limited prospects for employment in the Susa Valley, young men and women began to migrate away the village in the late 19th century. For some, the destination was Marseilles in France, given as the place of birth in several delayed birth registrations, and given as the last place of residence for some passengers entering the United States through Ellis Island. A few immigrants from Meana di Susa reached North America in the late 1890s, with a rather large number arriving between 1903 and

neg: Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States percent of all executions from 1880s to the 1920s. This has dropped significantly when only 3 juveniles were executed between January 1977 and November 1986. Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States existed until March 1, 2005, when the U.S. Supreme Court banned it in "Roper v. Simmons". Since 1642, in the Thirteen Colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the United States under the Constitution, an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the individual states (colonies, before 1776) and the federal government. The

neg: American nationalism came. Becoming a full citizen was an easy process of filling out paperwork over a five-year span. However, new Asian arrivals were not welcome. Restrictions were imposed on most Chinese immigrants in the 1880s and informal restrictions on most Japanese in 1907. By 1924, it was difficult for any Asian to enter the United States, but children born in the United States to Asian parents were full citizens. The restrictions were ended on the Chinese in the 1940s and on other Asians in 1965. Nationalism and Americanism remain topics in the modern United States. Political scientist Paul McCartney, for instance,

neg: Berea–Biddle Street Historic District is historically significant due to its association with the immigrant history of Baltimore, in particular the Bohemian/Czechoslovakian immigrants who began settling in the area during the 1870s and 1880s. By the early 1900s, many of the Czech immigrants had relocated northeast to access more modern and spacious housing. Many Irish and Italian immigrants also lived in the neighborhood during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. Berea–Biddle Street Historic District The Berea–Biddle Street Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is located

neg: Ingemann Danish Lutheran Church like the others who were buried there, immigrated to the United States from Denmark in the 1880s to early 1890s. The largest percentage of immigrants in Dane Hollow came from Horsens and Klakring, but they came from other areas of Jutland and from some of the islands as well. A few of the people buried in the cemetery were natives of Sweden and either moved to Denmark after their birth or married Danes. The pastor and a few members of the congregation split from Ingemann Church and formed Bethesda Lutheran Church in 1894. This split happened during the larger split

neg: Political positions of Fred Thompson and mentioned the case of Cuban filmmaker Nicolás Guillén, who was jailed by the Cuban government and subjected to electroconvulsive therapy. Moore cited that Thompson allegedly owned several boxes of Cuban cigars. On June 27, 2007, Thompson spoke of his concern that many illegal immigrants came from terrorist-related states, and he mentioned Cubans who had been apprehended in the United States. "If they're coming from Cuba, where else are they coming from? And I don't imagine they're coming here to bring greetings from Castro. We're living in the era of the suitcase bomb." After this remark sparked some controversy, Thompson

neg: Immigration by country be lowered from 250,000 to 150,000." Historians estimate that fewer than 1 million immigrants came to the United States from Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Around 350,000 came from England between 1600 and 1699, and 80,000 more between 1700 and 1775. In addition, between the 17th and 19th centuries, an estimated 645,000 Africans were brought to what is now the United States. In the early years of the United States, immigration was fewer than 8,000 people a year. After 1820, immigration gradually increased. From 1850 to 1930, the foreign born population of the United States increased from 2.2

neg: Model minority having a high school degree or higher, compared with 78.8% of Asian-born immigrants and 76.8% of European-born immigrants, respectively. This success comes in spite of facts such as that more than 75 percent of the African foreign born in the United States have only arrived since the 1990s and that African immigrants make up a disportionately small percentage of immigrants coming to the United States such as in 2007 alone African immigrants made up only 3.7 percent of all immigrants in coming to the United States and again in 2009 they made up only 3.9 percent of all immigrants making

neg: Coffee production in Brazil more and more to European immigrants to meet the demand of labor. However, internal slave trade with the north continued until slavery was finally abolished in Brazil in 1888. The second boom ran from the 1880s to the 1930s, corresponding to a period in Brazilian politics called "café com leite" ("coffee with milk"). The name refers to the largest states' dominating industries: coffee in São Paulo and dairy in Minas Gerais. The Zona da Mata Mineira district grew 90% of the coffee in Minas Gerais region during the 1880s and 70% during the 1920s. Most of the workers were black

neg: Norwegians came with limited means, many leaving dole queues. From 1825 to 1900 some 500,000 Norwegians landed at Ville du Quebec in Canada (and other Canadian ports) for travelling through Canada was the shortest corridor to the United States' central states. In spite of efforts by the Government of Canada to retain these immigrants for Canada, very few remained because of Canada's somewhat restrictive land policies at that time and negative stories being told about Canada from U.S. land agents deterring Norwegians from going to Canada. Not until the 1880s did Norwegians accept Canada as a land of opportunity. This was

neg: Ethnic groups of Argentina as the United States (though the number of immigrants was steadily increasing as they moved to the rural areas to settle and to found "colonias" like those of Italian, German, Swiss, or French origin), but in the 1870s, due to the economic crisis in Europe, it started to increase, reaching an extremely high rate between 1890 and 1930. Unofficial records show that, during the 1860s, 160,000 immigrants arrived in Argentina, while in the 1880s the net number increased to 841,000, almost doubling the population of the country in that decade. Between 1857 and 1950, 6,611,000 European immigrants arrived in Argentina,

neg: Collegiate wrestling festivals in the United States during the 19th century. The collar-and-elbow style was also refined by later Irish immigrants, and gained great ground because of the success of George William Flagg from Vermont, the wrestling champion of the Army of the Potomac. After the Civil War, freestyle wrestling began to emerge as a distinct sport, and soon spread rapidly in the United States. Professional wrestling also emerged in the late 19th century (not like the "sports-entertainment" seen today). By the 1880s, American wrestling became organized, with matches often being conducted alongside gymnastic meets and boxing tournaments in athletic clubs. The

neg: Canadian Agreement Canadian Agreement The Canadian Agreement was an 1894 agreement between the United States and signatory transportation companies that prohibited transportation companies from landing in Canadian ports immigrants who were barred from entry in the U.S. During the 1880s and 1890s, the U.S. began tightening its immigration laws by barring certain ethnic groups from entering, for example the Chinese. Transportation companies that brought these barred individuals to the U.S. would be responsible for their return to their country of origin. Transportation companies, however, got around this restriction by landing barred people at Canadian ports. The immigrants would then come into the

neg: Palestinian Americans Palestinian Americans Palestinian Americans (), are Americans descended from the Palestinian people. It is unclear when the first Palestinian immigrants arrived into the United States; however, many of the first immigrants to arrive were Palestinian Christians escaping persecution in Ottoman Palestine in the late 19th century. Later immigrants came to the country fleeing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The first Palestinians who immigrated to the United States arrived after 1908, when the Ottoman Empire passed a new conscription law mandating Palestinians into the military. These Palestinians were overwhelmingly Christians, and only a minority of them were Muslims. Palestinian immigration began to decline

neg: Mabel Dwight Mabel Dwight Mabel Dwight was an American artist whose lithographs showed scenes of ordinary life with humor and compassion. Between the mid-1920s and the early 1940s she achieved both popularity and critical success. In 1936 "Prints" magazine named her one of the best living printmakers and a critic said she was one of the foremost lithographers in the United States. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and raised in New Orleans, Louisiana, she moved to San Francisco, California in the late 1880s. There, she studied with Arthur Mathews at the Mark Hopkins Institute. She joined and became a director of the Sketch

neg: Germany–United States relations strategic location of Samoa, attracted American, German and British interests. They came into conflict in the 1880s; in 1899, the islands were divided between the United States and Germany. The United States later took full control in 1914 after the outbreak of the First World War, while the Americans were neutral. In the late 19th century, the German Imperial Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) sought to establish a coaling station somewhere in the Caribbean Sea area. Imperial Germany was rapidly building a world-class navy but coal burning warships needed frequent refueling and could only operate within range of a coaling station. Preliminary

neg: History of education in the United States as a mechanism to train the technicians and skilled workers needed by the booming industrial sector. In the 1880s the high schools started developing as community centers. They added sports and by the 1920s were building gymnasiums that attracted large local crowds to basketball and other games, especially in small town schools that served nearby rural areas. In the 1865–1914 era, the number and character of schools changed to meet the demands of new and larger cities and of new immigrants. They had to adjust to the new spirit of reform permeating the country. High schools increased in number, adjusted

neg: Cantonese community traces its roots to early immigrants from Guangdong during the latter half of the 19th century. Later Chinese immigrants came from Hong Kong in two waves, first in the late 1960s to mid 1970s, and again in the 1980s to late 1990s on fears arising from the impending handover to the People's Republic of China. Chinese-speaking immigrants from conflict zones in Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam, arrived as well, beginning in the mid-1970s and were also largely Cantonese-speaking. Unlike the United States, recent immigration from mainland China and Taiwan to Canada has been small, and Cantonese still remains the predominant

neg: Macedonian Americans post-WWII Macedonian emigrants, from Greece and Yugoslavia, have a strong ethnic Macedonian identity. It is estimated that around 50,000 Macedonians emigrated to the United States between 1903 and 1906, but the outbreak of the Balkan Wars and World War I curtailed the flow. Around 20,000 remained in the U.S., and the rest returned home. The immigrants were predominantly peasants, with the remainder including craftsmen, workers, and intellectuals. Immigration restarted after the wars; most of the new immigrants were ethnic Macedonians from Greece, many of whom had been expelled from Greek Macedonia in the 1920s. The immigrants' organizations used Bulgarian language

neg: Fall River, Massachusetts Massachusetts. Fall River has a rich soccer history. The game was first introduced to the city in the 1880s by the arrival of immigrants from Lancashire and Glasgow who worked in the local textile industry. In later decades the arrival of immigrants from Portugal helped to sustain the game's popularity. Between 1888 and 1892 teams from Fall River won the American Cup five times in succession. One of these teams, Fall River Rovers also won the 1917 National Challenge Cup. The star and captain of the team was local-born Thomas Swords who, in 1916, captained the United States in their

neg: Wolkwitz with a Wolkwitz surname eventually migrated to the areas around Leipzig from their original location in the modern district of Demmin and in Wolkwitz village, though it is unknown exactly when this occurred. This is reinforced by the name of the town of Liebertwolkwitz, a suburb of Leipzig in Saxony. Many Wolkwitz family members stayed in the Leipzig area until they migrated again to the United States of America in the late 19th Century. Immigrants bearing the surname Wolkwitz and/or Wolkowitz came to the United States in the late 19th century. Most probably came from Liebertwolkwitz and Leipzig. Although they

neg: Svenska Sällskapet Svenska Sällskapet Svenska Sällskapet was formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1925 by Nils Leon Jansson, Swedish consul to Minnesota and the NW States and served as president from 1925 to 1931. Membership at that time was limited to 50 men of Swedish birth or descent and of good character, and who have demonstrated sympathy with the aims and purposes with the Society and who will add to the credit of the Society. In the late 1880s through the first quarter of the 20th century, the United States government was eager to attract Swedish immigrants to settle the lands of the

neg: Immigration from China in the early 20th century Immigration from China in the early 20th century Significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush, in the late 1840s. Many of these immigrants were single men who worked for a time and then returned to China with their earnings. In subsequent decades, however, significant numbers of Chinese immigrants had settled permanently, and were competing for low-level jobs with other ethnic immigrant groups. Immigration from China was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882. In all, 4,441 Chinese immigrants came to the USA through the Ellis Island Immigration Station, while others came to

neg: Mount Sinai Hospital (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Pennsylvania's industrial empire. Though only a fraction-no more than 5 percent-of the people who immigrated to the United States during those years, the newcomers who entered through Philadelphia represented every ethnic and religious group that comprised America's so-called "New Immigrants" who arrived between the 1880s and the outbreak of the First World War. In 1882 there was the great migration from Russia of Jewish migrants to Philadelphia that settled in the Pennsport neighborhood during this time period and many suffered from a severe lack of medical services. Numerous organizations failed in instituting a medical facility to aid these immigrants in

neg: Asian Americans influx of refugees from conflicts occurring in Southeast Asia such as the Vietnam War. Asian American immigrants have a significant percentage of individuals who have already achieved professional status, a first among immigration groups. The number of Asian immigrants to the United States "grew from 491,000 in 1960 to about 12.8 million in 2014, representing a 2,597 percent increase." Asian Americans were the fastest-growing racial group between 2000 and 2010. By 2012, more immigrants came from Asia than from Latin America. In 2015, Pew Research Center found that from 2010 to 2015 more immigrants came from Asia than from Latin

neg: Immigrant health care in the United States in the last paragraph of the Findings and statistics: Asian Section) done among Chinese immigrants have shown significant positive association between language barriers and poor self-rated health. In other words, poorly rated their health status was common among immigrants that had limited English proficiency as well as health literacy. This study emphasizes how language barrier is taking a large bulk of healthcare access among immigrants. Also, it suggests ways in which we, as a community, can collectively improve and get rid of these language barriers so that more immigrants can get proper access to healthcare. There is also a climate

neg: Mabel Dwight "Mabel Dwight: Master of Comédie Humaine." "Artnews", Vol. 6, No. 126 (June 1949) pp. 42–45 Mabel Dwight Mabel Dwight was an American artist whose lithographs showed scenes of ordinary life with humor and compassion. Between the mid-1920s and the early 1940s she achieved both popularity and critical success. In 1936 "Prints" magazine named her one of the best living printmakers and a critic said she was one of the foremost lithographers in the United States. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and raised in New Orleans, Louisiana, she moved to San Francisco, California in the late 1880s. There, she studied with Arthur

neg: Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness claiming it was further south beginning at the Saint Louis River. In 1842, the Webster–Ashburton Treaty clarified the border between the United States and Canada using the old trading route running along the Pigeon River and Rainy River (today the BWCAW's northern border). The BWCAW area remained largely undeveloped until gold, silver and iron were found in the surrounding area during the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s. Logging in the area began around the same time to supply lumber to support the mining industries, with production peaking in the late 1910s and gradually trailing off during the 1920s and 1930s.. In

neg: Redlands Santa Fe Depot District packing houses in the Inland Empire. A number of the other buildings were used by growers' associations and other groups in the citrus industry. The district also includes three buildings from the city's historic Chinatown, which thrived from the 1880s through the 1920s after Chinese immigrants came to Redlands to build the railroad. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1991, and the California Points of Historical Interest. The depot was purchased from Krikorian Theatres founder George Krikorian by a real estate development company with ties to Esri executives in September 2017. (Esri

neg: Albinegros de Orizaba host of second-division games. Since the 2011–12 season they are playing in the Segunda División Profesional and again in their own stadium. In the 1880s numerous immigrants from all over Europe were coming in the port of Veracruz and spreading around the states city's. Many companies were founded in those years, mostly steel and fabric companies. Immigrants brought along a new sport from Europe which they started teaching the locals and would go on to sponsor clubs made up by its workers to represent the company in friendly matches that started off in the early 1890s. Some important factories were

neg: United Hebrew Trades United Hebrew Trades The United Hebrew Trades ( "Vereinigte Yiddishe Gewerkschaften)," was an association of Jewish labor unions in New York formed in the late 1880s. The organization was inspired by and modeled upon the United German Trades ( "Deutsche Vereignte Gewerkshaften)," formed decades earlier by German immigrants to the United States who were active in the German, and later the German-American, labor movement. The United Hebrew Trades (UHT) was organized as a prospective central body of federated trade unions on October 9, 1888, by J. Magidoff, a member of the Yiddish-language Branch 8 of the Socialist Labor Party of

neg: Banda music wind bands, whether traditional, private or municipal. Banda music was established in the 1880s in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, when it exploded into popularity in the 1890s throughout Mexico. Its roots come from the overlapping of Mexican music with German polka music. At the time, many German Mexicans lived in the states of Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Jalisco and Nuevo León. This greatly influenced northern Mexican music. Immigrants from northern Mexico brought the music to the United States. Initially popular in the southwest United States, primarily in Texas, California and Arizona, banda has followed the movement of Mexican immigrants to the

neg: History of immigration to the United States system of 1924 and limited total annual immigration to one-sixth of one percent of the population of the continental United States in 1920, or 175,455. This exempted the spouses and children of U.S. citizens and people born in the Western Hemisphere from the quota. In 1953, the Refugee Relief Act extended refugee status to non-Europeans. In 1954, Operation Wetback forced the return of thousands of illegal immigrants to Mexico. Between 1944 and 1954, "the decade of the wetback," the number of illegal immigrants coming from Mexico increased by 6,000 percent. It is estimated that before Operation Wetback got under way,

neg: Mexicans in Chicago the second generation allegedly were blocked from participating in the broader American culture while also losing the Mexican culture of the parents. Mexicans in Chicago There is a Mexican American population in the Chicago metropolitan area. The first Mexicans who came to Chicago, mostly entertainers and itinerants, came before the turn of the 20th Century. In the mid to late 1910s Chicago had its first significant wave of Mexican immigrants. Originally the immigrants were mostly men working in semiskilled and unskilled jobs who originated from Texas and from Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacán. After immigration was largely reduced in the 1920s,

neg: Sierra Leonean Americans the 1990s, a new wave of immigrants came to the United States. Many of these immigrants gained access through visitor or student visas. This trend continued between 1990 and 1996. So, more of 7,159 Sierra Leoneans legally entered the United States. After 1996, some refugees from Sierra Leone were able to enter the United States with immediate legal residence status, as beneficiaries of the immigration lotteries. Others received the newly established Priority 3 designation for refugees with close family links in the United States. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees estimates that for 1999, the annual number of Sierra

neg: African diaspora England’s whaling industry, with African Americans working as sailors, blacksmiths, shipbuilders, officers, and owners. The internationalism of whaling crews, including the character Daggoo, an African harpooneer, is recorded in the 1851 novel "Moby-Dick". They eventually took their trade to California. Today 1.7 million people in the United States are descended from voluntary immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, most of whom arrived in the late twentieth century. African immigrants represent 6 percent of all immigrants to the United States and almost 5 percent of the African-American community nationwide. About 57 percent immigrated between 1990 and 2000. Immigrants born in Africa constitute 1.6

neg: Bern, Kansas Bern, Kansas Bern is a city in Nemaha County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 166. Bern had its start in the late 1880s by the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named by Swiss immigrants after Bern, the capital of Switzerland. Bern is located at (39.9622218, -95.9719422). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 166 people, 81 households, and 45 families residing in the city. The population density was .

neg: California Republic if this happened. James K. Polk was elected President of the United States in 1844, and considered his election a mandate for his expansionist policies. Mexican law had long allowed grants of land to naturalized Mexican citizens. Obtaining Mexican citizenship was not difficult and many earlier American immigrants had gone through the process and obtained free grants of land. That same year (1845) anticipation of war with the United States and the increasing number of immigrants reportedly coming from the United States resulted in orders from Mexico City denying immigrants from the United States entry into California. The orders also

neg: Uzbek Americans "Idel-Ural" (Volga region), "Cossacks" ("land of the Cossacks "), Turkestan, etc., which is held annually in the U.S. in the third week of July, according to Act of Congress "captive nations", № 86-90, adopted in 1958. Uzbek Americans Uzbek Americans are Uzbek that came to the United States or Uzbek immigrants with green cards mostly received by lottery. Since the late 1950s, over 1,000 Uzbek families migrated to the United States, according to unofficial data. The first of them came from Europe, but from the mid-1960s they mainly came from Turkey and, to a lesser extent, Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.