query: when did california become a state of the union

pos: California 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The western portion of Alta California then was organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. The word "California" originally referred to the Baja

neg: Alan Sieroty when he resigned just two months into his sixth term to become a California State Senator. He was re-elected in 1978 but did not seek re-election in 1982. Sieroty was the author of the bill which made the California Sabretooth Tiger ("Smilodon californicus") the official state fossil. His fellow politicians in the Legislature named a Marin County beach for him: Alan Sieroty Beach. He was Chairman of the Arts Task Force of the National Conference of State Legislatures and was also a member of the Board of Directors of the American Civil Liberties Union. In 1985, Sieroty became founding Vice

neg: Charles I. Krause So influential did he become within the union hierarchy that the Ford Motor Company allegedly offered him a position in upper management in exchange for his renunciation of the union, which Krause rejected. After moving to Los Angeles with his family in 1946, Krause became active in California politics, helping to consolidate the union voting bloc that proved vital to the electoral success of Democratic politicians throughout the state. He actively lobbied Sacramento for worker-friendly legislation, enjoying a particularly strong rapport with Jesse Unruh. He served two separate stints as president of UAW Local 923 located in Pico Rivera, California

neg: San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon sent peaceful pickets to persuade customers and suppliers to stop dealing with Garmon. The Superior Court for the County of San Diego found that the union had acted unlawfully under state law, and enjoined the union from picketing until they had won an election and become a collective bargaining agent, awarding $1000 in damages. The NLRB declined jurisdiction for a representation hearing, "presumably because the amount of interstate commerce involved did not meet the Board's monetary standards in taking jurisdiction." The California Supreme Court held, because the NLRB declined jurisdiction, California courts had power over the dispute and the union

neg: Downstream (Land of the Lost) "lackluster", but added that it "begins to offer us a peek into how complex this series could become." Collie questions the Marshalls about whether they are "Union" or "Confederate". When they state they are from California he tells them California is not state. In fact California was admitted to the union in 1850, eleven years before the civil war. Downstream (Land of the Lost) "Downstream" is the fourth episode of the first season of the 1974 American television series "Land of the Lost". Written by Larry Niven and directed by Dennis Steinmetz, it first aired in the United States on

neg: Bear River Massacre in the area. When the American Civil War began in 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was concerned that California, which had just recently become a state, would be cut off from the rest of the Union. He ordered several regiments to be raised from the population of California to help protect mail routes and the communications lines of the West. Neither Lincoln nor the U.S. War Department quite trusted the Mormons of the Utah Territory to remain loyal to the Union, in spite of their leader Young's telegrams and assurances. The Utah War and Mountain Meadows massacre were still fresh in

neg: John Swett California in 1853 to mine gold but quickly sought work as a teacher in San Francisco. In 1862 he became a Freemason, joining San Francisco's Phoenix Lodge No. 144. In 1863 he was instrumental in founding the California Educational Society, which would become the California Teachers Association, the largest teachers' union in the state of California. Running in 1863, during the Civil War, as a National Union Party (Republican) candidate he was elected California State Superintendent of Public Instruction and served until 1867. Other positions he held were Deputy Superintendent of the San Francisco Public Schools (1870–1873), Principal of the

neg: Nevada Union High School was considered the chief rival. Grant High School has recently become a season game once again due to league changes, and were throttled by the Nevada Union miners in 2012. In both 2004 and 2005 the Lady Miners volleyball team appeared twice at the Division I California State Championships to compete for the state title. In 2005 the Nevada Union football team won the first section title in more than a decade, placing first in the state of California and 19th in the United States. The final game was Nevada Union 46, West 7. In 2008, the Lady Miners volleyball

neg: California State Route 204 become US 99. LRN 141 would become the US 99 bypass via Brundage Lane, Union Avenue, and Golden State Avenue. That designation never took effect because in 1963 all of the state highways were renumbered. As a result, LRN 141 became SR 204. Its definition was also simplified to bypass SR 99 via Union Avenue and Golden State Avenue, although that change lengthened the route. In 1978, the route was shortened to connect SR 58 to SR 99 via Union Avenue and Golden State Avenue, which was close to the original 1963 definition. Bakersfield has considered several times to convert

neg: Sacramento metropolitan area city in California and the 35th largest in the United States. It has been the state capital of California since 1851 and has played an important role in the history of California. When gold was discovered in nearby Sutter's Mill in Coloma, Sacramento became a boom town luring in migrants making their way from San Francisco to the gold fields of the Sierras. Although it did not become the financial and cultural center of Northern California, titles that were given to San Francisco, Sacramento became the largest transportation hub of not only Northern California, but also the West Coast following

neg: Oregon Constitutional Convention the U.S. Senate did not pass legislation to bring Oregon into the Union until 1859, when Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14. The Oregon Constitution was not altered until 1902. Oregon Constitutional Convention The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859.

neg: John Morton Eshleman appointed Deputy State Labor Commissioner by Governor George Pardee. Eshleman ran for the state legislature on a Republican and Union-Labor ticket and was elected to the 38th California Assembly from the 52d District (Berkeley) in 1907. Though appointed Deputy District Attorney of Alameda County, he did not serve, moving instead to the Imperial Valley in Southern California for the dry air because of his poor health. When Imperial County was created from the eastern part of San Diego County in August 1907, Eshleman was chosen the first District Attorney of the county, serving from 1907 to 1910. He left the

neg: Walnut Heights, California new people did not like California as an unorganized unincorporated land, and that prompted California to join the union as a state. When Walnut Creek grew into the ranches and farms in the hills because of suburban sprawl, the ranches evolved into houses and trails became roads and driveways. However, some roads still do not have sidewalks even today, merely only curbs. Also, many houses are renovated each year because the large amount of open spaces and large parks which cannot have housing development as there is no more space for it. Walnut Heights is bordered to the north by

neg: Charreada Farm Workers (UFW) and the International Longshore Workers Union helped procure passage of the bill.of the bill. When horse-tripping legislation was debated in California, the sponsor of the original bill was Joe Baca, an Assemblyman of Mexican descent who went on to become a member of the U.S. Congress. When the initial bill was submitted by Baca, it was criticized as discriminatory by other Mexican American Assembly members such as Richard Polanco. The original bill was defeated, but was resubmitted during an emergency session of the legislature. Assemblyman Baca did not sponsor the resubmitted legislation, instead it was sponsored by

neg: Appeal of the Independent Democrats the Union to the ingress of slavery.” They believed that if this bill should continue to be accepted, slavery would flood into the Union as well. They presented a map to the spectators, and continued to outline all the regions that slavery would flood into: “...This immense region, occupying the very heart of the North American Continent, and larger, by thirty-three thousand square miles, than all the existing free States including California…” They made the point that when Missouri applied to be a state, they did not tell the Union that they had over three-thousand slaves, which just furthered their

neg: California in the American Civil War the Union. When the Democratic party split over the war, Republican supporters of Lincoln took control of the state in the September elections. Volunteer Regiments were sent to occupy pro-secessionist Southern California and Tulare County, leaving them generally powerless during the war itself. However some Southerners traveled east to join the Confederate Army, evading Union patrols and hostile Apache. Others remaining in the state attempted to outfit a privateer to prey on coastal shipping, and late in the war two groups of partisan rangers were formed but none was successful. When California was admitted as a state under the Compromise

neg: History of slavery in California Frémont became California's first Senators. Although California entered the Union as a free state, the framers of the state constitution wrote into law the systematic denial of suffrage and other civil rights to non-white citizens. Some authorities went so far as to attempt to deny entry of all African-Americans, free and slave, to California. The Legislature passed a bill that would ban the immigration of free blacks to California. State Senator David C. Broderick, a fierce opponent of slavery and former firefighter from San Francisco, managed to kill the bill through parliamentary maneuver. Slavery did persist in California even without

neg: Republics of the Soviet Union The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida) was also proclaimed in 1918, but did not became a union republic and was made into an autonomous republic of the RSFSR, although the Crimean Tatars had a relative majority until the 1930s or 1940s according to censuses. When the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Soviet Union in 1944, it did not become a union republic, and was instead established as an autonomous republic of the RSFSR. The leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Todor Zhivkov, suggested in the early 1960s that the country should become a union republic,

neg: Washington Union High School to Decovan Sconiers a 2003-2004 Male athlete of the year recipient. In 2004 Decovan Sconiers helped bring home Washington Union 10th Sierra Sequoia Valley Championship in Wrestling. Decovan Sconiers also captured the GrandMaster Central Valley Championship for the Heavy Weight division. With this victory it opened doors for future small school wrestlers to become Central Valley and California State Champions. http://www.pantherslive.net/pages/Washington_Union_High_School http://www.wusd.ws/pages/Washington_Unified_School_Dist http://www.fresnobee.com/2012/01/13/2681952/coach-of-the-year-jeff-freitas.html Washington Union High School Washington Union High School is a high school in the rural community of Easton in Fresno County, California. Founded in 1892 (and first accredited in 1965), Washington Union is most likely the second

neg: Leah Rosenfeld agent in her previous employment, but earning a lower wage. However, the union did not support her claim. The railroad continued to reject her claims for promotion, citing the California state law that barred women from performing the duties of station agents. However, In 1964, the passage of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its Title VII made it illegal for employers to discriminate against women in hiring practices, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to redress employment grievances. When the Southern Pacific Railroad gave the position of agent/telegrapher at Thermal, California, to a man with

neg: James S. Copley "Union-Tribune" group on Ira Copley's death in 1947. He remained CEO until his death in 1973, when his wife, Helen K. Copley, took over. The Union and the Tribune merged in 1992 to become The San Diego Union-Tribune. The Copley Press also published smaller papers in California and the Midwest, including the Torrance, California Daily Breeze, San Pedro, California News-Pilot, Aurora, Illinois Beacon-News, and the Burbank, California Daily Review. According to Carl Bernstein, Copley, as CEO of Copley Press, cooperated with the Central Intelligence Agency, which had widespread contacts in the United States media. The University of San Diego has

neg: Willi Bleicher positions in the union. In 1946 he identified in the Soviet occupation zone "a few surviving trades union principals still anchored", but this did not blind him to the realisation that the "Trades union principals" operating in the Free German Trade Union Federation (Freier Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB) (which would evolve to become the East German version of a national trades union federation) were diametrically opposite to his own idea of trades union principals. The extent to which the postwar Soviet occupation zone would become, after 1949, a completely separate state from that defined by the three German occupation zones to

neg: Vandalia State House State Historic Site was built when Illinois was in its eighteenth year as a state. Admitted to the Union in 1818, Illinois quickly abandoned its first governmental center of Kaskaskia, and its capitol building (active in 1818–1820). A second "state house" was built of lumber at the new capital of Vandalia, but it burned to the ground after only three years (1820–1823). The third capitol building (1824–1836), also built in Vandalia, was the scene of most of the service of Abraham Lincoln as a member of the Illinois state legislature. Lincoln did not, however, become a beloved figure in Vandalia. Elected from Sangamon

neg: California Coast Conference California Coast Conference The California Coast Conference was a short-lived intercollegiate athletic football conference that existed from 1922 to 1928. The league had members in California. All of the two-year schools that were in the conference are now members of a conference within the California Community College Athletic Association. Of the four-year schools, Fresno State Normal, State Teachers College at San Jose, Chico State Teachers College, and College of the Pacific (CA) left the conference and joined the Far Western Conference. Cal Poly did not become a 4-year school until 1941, and played as an independent after leaving the CCC.

neg: Arnold Vinick plant's opening and speedy approval by regulators. The reactor did not melt down, although when the story broke that Vinick was a major supporter of the plant, his poll numbers dropped dramatically, putting numerous states, including California (which, despite leaning Democratic in presidential elections in both reality and the show, was thought to be safe for Vinick, given that was his home state), into play and causing the election to become too close to call. After a staff shakeup prompted by the Republican National Committee, Vinick decided to go to California on the heels of the Santos campaign, and hold

neg: Robert Rauschenberg would compensate artists when their work is resold. The artist later supported a state bill in California that did become law, the California Resale Royalty Act of 1976. Rauschenberg took up his fight for artist resale royalties after the taxi baron Robert Scull sold part of his art collection in a 1973 auction, including Rauschenberg's 1958 painting "Thaw" that he had originally sold to Scull for $900 but brought $85,000 at an auction at Sotheby Parke Bernet in New York. Robert Rauschenberg Milton Ernest "Robert" Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American painter and graphic artist

neg: Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria member state with a nunciature. In 1925 the Free State of Prussia, the biggest German state, concluded diplomatic relations with the Vatican, so that Pacelli resigned as Nuncio to Bavaria in order to become the first nuncio to Prussia in personal union with nuncio to Germany, opening a nunciature in Berlin. He then negotiated the Prussian Concordat (1930), before he was appointed Cardinal Secretary of State negotiating the Reichskonkordat, finally concluded with Nazi Germany in 1933. When the streamlining Nazi Gleichschaltung did formally away with statehood of the German states and established a centralised dictatorship in 1934, Bavaria was not

neg: Enabling Act of 1802 United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess. 2, ch. 7, ). This act did not purport to admit the state, but declared that Ohio, by the formation of its constitution in pursuance of the act of April 30, 1802, "has become one of the United States of America." Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", () which designated March 1, 1803, as that date. Along with the extensively discussed

neg: Free State Cheetahs However, in recent times the Blue Bulls have also become fierce rivals of the Cheetahs. The Orange Free State Rugby Union was established in 1895, but did not make it to their first Currie Cup final appearance until 1973, when they lost to Northern Transvaal 30-22 at Loftus Versfeld. Just two seasons later, the Orange Free State met Northern Transvaal again in the Currie Cup final, losing 12-6 at the Free State Stadium in Bloemfontein. The following season, Orange Free State met the Western Province in the final, defeating them 33-16 in Bloemfontein, claiming their first Currie Cup championship. The

neg: Life has become better same name, with music by Alexander Alexandrov and words by Vasily Lebedev-Kumach. The opening bars of the song share a notable resemblance to those of the State Anthem of the Soviet Union, as the song had the same composer. Life has become better "Life has become better" () is a widespread version of a phrase uttered by former Soviet Union General Secretary Joseph Stalin at the First All-Union Meeting of the Stakhanovites on November 17, 1935. The full quote from Joseph Stalin was when translated into English, ""Life has become better, comrades. Life has become more cheerful. And when life

neg: Fresno Bulldogs traced back to the 1960s but did not become an independent street gang until the 1980s. Their independence developed in the California prison system during the prison wars of 1984-1985. Back when there were still allegiance between Norteños & F-14ers making La Nuestra Familia. The gang was known as F-14. In 1986 the F-14ers went to war with the Norteños,which led to a violent war in the California prison system known in gang folklore as "The Red Wave". the F-14ers began using the bulldog name and mascot of Fresno State University including the paw print and bulldog head image in

neg: 2004 United States presidential election in California the state during the fall election. California was once a Republican stronghold, supporting Republican candidates in every election from 1952 through 1988, except in 1964. However, since the 1990s, California has become a reliably Democratic state with a highly diverse ethnic population (mostly Latino) and liberal bastions such as the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles County. The last time the state was won by a Republican candidate was in 1988 by George H. W. Bush. In 2004, the state did swing slightly Republican by a 1.9% margin from 2000 due to strong swings in heavily populated San Diego,

neg: Service Employees International Union 1000 (Union of California State Workers) is affiliated with the California State Employees Association (CSEA) with one other union, the California State University Employees Union, SEIU Local 2579, a non-union affiliate of managers, confidential and supervisory employees who are excluded from collective bargaining, and an affiliate of retired state employees. Yvonne Walker has been president since 2008. It is the exclusive legal representative for 95,000 California state employees. Local 1000 deals with issues of concern to current rank-and-file state employees, such as salaries, benefits, working conditions and contract negotiations. Local 1000 has nine bargaining units and represents a variety of

neg: San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon, 359 U.S. 236 (1959), is a US labor law case, concerning the scope of federal preemption against state law for labor rights. Garmon claimed that state law applied to grant damages against a union that picketed his business, and federal law did not apply. Garmon had a business selling lumber in California. The San Diego Building Trades Council was a labor union that wanted Garmon only to hire workers who were union members, or applied in 30 days of beginning a job. Garmon refused, the union

neg: California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975 was either duping or intimidating workers into signing union authorization cards, and that the secret ballot voting revealed the true feelings of workers. But the bill did not pass either chamber. California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975 The California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (CALRA), also referred to as the Alatorre-Zenovich-Dunlap-Berman Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975, is a landmark statute in US labor law enacted by the state of California which became law on June 4, 1975, and which establishes collective bargaining for farmworkers in that state. The goal of the Act is to "ensure peace in the agricultural

neg: European Communities Act 1972 (UK) 17 October, and the UK's instrument of ratification of the Treaty of Accession was deposited the next day—although the Act and the Treaty did not become law until 1 January 1973, when the United Kingdom officially became a member state of the European Communities (subsequently the European Union) along with Denmark and the Republic of Ireland. The European Communities Act was the instrument whereby the UK was able to join the European Union (then known as the European Communities). It enables, under section 2(2), UK government ministers to lay regulations before Parliament to transpose EU Directives (then Community law) and

neg: Newark Teachers Association Newark Teachers Association The Newark Teachers Association (NTA), headquartered in Union City, California, is the trade union representing teachers and other certificated employees of the Newark Unified School District in Newark, California. The Association represents approximately 400 members. NTA is affiliated with the California Teachers Association (CTA) and the National Education Association (NEA). NTA was formed in 1969 when the teachers of Newark voted to leave the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and become a CTA affiliate. The Newark Teachers Association is directly governed by two bodies, an executive board and a representative council. The Executive Board is the chief

neg: Lucy Burns the message about suffrage in theaters, on the streets, by going door-to-door, and by circulating cartoons and pamphlets. By election time in 1914 the Democratic Party had become an extremely vocal critic of the Congressional Union, and ultimately the Congressional Union claimed responsibility for five Democratic losses. In 1915 the Congressional Union decided to put its efforts into organizing in every state that did not already have a branch. The goal of this plan was to continue what their 1914 state-by-state campaign had started and make suffrage a national issue with demand in every state. In 1915 Burns also became

neg: Joseph Curran as a caddie and factory worker before finding employment in 1922 in the United States Merchant Marine. He worked as an able seaman and boatswain, washing dishes in restaurants when not at sea and sleeping on a Battery Park bench at night. It was during this time that he received his lifelong nickname "Big Joe." Curran joined the International Seamen's Union (or ISU; the remnants of which would become the Seafarers International Union), but was not active in the union at first. In 1936, Curran led a strike aboard the ocean liner "S.S. California", then docked in San Pedro, California.

neg: Excelsior High School (Norwalk, California) Excelsior High School (Norwalk, California) Excelsior High School, originally named Excelsior Union High School was founded in 1903 and located on Walnut Street in Norwalk, California. The current campus was built in 1924. The campus sustained substantial damage to the administration building, auditorium, and other buildings in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake (as did the Norwalk Grammar School which occupied the former Excelsior Union High school building). Although the earthquake occurred after school hours, one student died when an internal wall in a portion of the boy's gym failed. Its last graduating class was 1981. The Excelsior Union High School

neg: AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah owners formed the Automobile Club of California (ACC) to deal with barriers that hindered acceptance of the auto throughout the state. The club’s efforts began to pay off in 1905, when the legislature passed a set of uniform regulations governing the use of motor vehicles on California highways. This established the state, rather than individual local jurisdictions, as the authority on motor vehicle law and did away with a jumble of local regulations. 1907 was the year that California State Automobile Association officially incorporated in California as Non-Profit Mutual Benefit Corportion, affiliation with the American Automobile Association (AAA) however did

neg: Law of California of the United States, which is the supreme law of the land. Pursuant to the state constitution, the California State Legislature and the Governor have enacted the California Statutes, which in turn have been codified into the 29 California Codes. The first four codes, enacted in 1872, were the Civil Code, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Penal Code, and the Political Code (which much later would become the Elections Code). However, these did not constitute a complete codification, and statutes on subject matter inappropriate for the four codes were simply not codified. In 1929, the Legislature finally established the

neg: Folsom Powerhouse State Historic Park to the State of California when the new Folsom Dam and hydroelectric plant was built. The State of California designated the site as California Historical Landmark Number #633. The historic park was established in 1956. The powerhouse was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1981. The two-story brick and granite Powerhouse looks much as it did in 1895. Its imposing generators, and the Tennessee marble-faced control switchboard stand as imposingly as they did more than a hundred years ago. Historic photos, interpretive exhibits and docent guided tours by the California State Park Service explain how the powerhouse worked. Some

neg: Driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in the United States example, chipped away at SB 976, an attempt to provide the undocumented community in California with access to state issued driver's licenses. In 2003, one of Cedillo's proposals (Senate Bill 60) gained significant support in California's State legislature, was signed by former Governor Gray Davis, but did not become a law According to Tang (2018), Cedillo decided to scrap the bill because Governor Davis, who had signed the bill, was dealing with a gubernatorial recall election. Between 2006 and 2012, Cedillo continued the fight to grant undocumented California residents access to driver's licenses. However, former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger did not

neg: Smith v. California "Smith v. California" when presenting the reasoning for its decision. As more and more case decisions have followed the same precedents of protecting freedom of expression that "Smith v. California" did, the issue of obscenity has become less significant in the United States today. Smith v. California Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959), was a U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the freedom of the press. The decision deemed unconstitutional a city ordinance that made one in possession of obscene books criminally liable because it did not require proof that one had knowledge of the book’s content, and thus violated

neg: Model car system communist countries also had some successful factories, like Kaden models and Igra of Czechoslovakia, Espewe of East Germany, and Estetyka of Poland. State factories of the Soviet Union (commonly known as Novoexport, Saratov, or Tantal) produced many carefully crafted diecast models mostly in 1:43 scale. These were known for their intricate detail, numerous parts, and delicate construction. Larger sizes in die-cast grew out of offerings of European companies like Polistil, Schuco Modell, and Martoys, which was later to become Bburago. 1:24 and 1:18 scales did not become really popular until the late 1980s when other brands like Yatming and

neg: John Sculley companies in the 1990s. Sculley went political in the early 1990s on behalf of Republican Tom Campbell, who in 1992 was running in the California Republican primary to be the party candidate for a United States Senate seat. Sculley hosted a fundraiser for Campbell at his ranch in Woodside. Sculley had become acquainted with Hillary Clinton, serving with her on a national education council. When Bill Clinton ran for president, Sculley supported him. Sculley sat next to Hillary Clinton during the President's first State of the Union address in January 1993. In 1997, Sculley became the chairman of Live Picture,

neg: John C. Truesdale non-member of the union and to pay only such fees as may be used for collective bargaining purposes (and no more). "Paperworkers Local 1033 (Weyerhaeuser Paper Co.)" addressed issues which "California Saw" did not, and Truesdale and the Board unanimously held that a union must inform all bargaining unit members (not just existing nonmembers) of their "Beck" rights and that they must inform all union members that they have the right to become a nonmember. In "Canteen Co.", 317 NLRB 1052 (1995), "enf'd." 103 F.2d 1355 (7th Cir. 1997), Truesdale joined with the majority in a major new ruling on

neg: California State University, Dominguez Hills become CSU Dominguez Hills was built in 1960 when then Governor of California Pat Brown provided state funds to begin development of the campus. It was originally to be located in Palos Verdes, California, and known as South Bay State College. The tentative name was changed to California State College at Palos Verdes in 1962. In 1964, architect A. Quincy Jones successfully designed a master plan for construction. As the permanent campus had not yet been constructed, the first classes began to be taught in 1965 at the California Federal Savings Bank in Rolling Hills Estates, California. The college began

neg: Carlton E. Morse Ora Morse. In 1906, his family relocated to a fruit ranch at Talent, Oregon, and when Morse was 16, they moved to Sacramento, California. After graduating from high school in Sacramento, Morse went to the University of California from 1919 to 1922 but did not graduate. Instead, he dropped out and returned to Sacramento, beginning a career as a journalist with the "Sacramento Union". From 1922 to 1928, Morse was employed at the "Sacramento Union", the "San Francisco Illustrated Daily Herald", "The Seattle Times", "Vancouver Columbian", "Portland Oregonian" and "The San Francisco Bulletin". When the "Bulletin" was absorbed into the

neg: San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon J gave the court's judgment. San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon, 359 U.S. 236 (1959), is a US labor law case, concerning the scope of federal preemption against state law for labor rights. Garmon claimed that state law applied to grant damages against a union that picketed his business, and federal law did not apply. Garmon had a business selling lumber in California. The San Diego Building Trades Council was a labor union that wanted Garmon only to hire workers who were union members, or applied in 30 days of beginning a

neg: California State Route 54 "The San Diego Union" as early as February 1908, and was oiled in 1935 from US 80 (Main Street) around El Cajon to Sweetwater Valley and in other places by the Sweetwater River. In 1956, the route of what would become the South Bay Freeway had been determined; it would run from Sweetwater Road in National City to Spring Valley and the intersection of Sweetwater Road and Jamacha Boulevard. Three years later, the California State Legislature added Route 280 from near the Sweetwater River to El Cajon to the state highway system. The South Bay Freeway was included in the

neg: California Within the state of California, Sep 9 remains as an annually celebrated legal holiday known as California Admission Day. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), California was able to send gold shipments eastwards to Washington in support of the Union cause; however, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army were unofficially associated with the state of California, such as the "California 100

neg: Canadian Labour Congress Woodworkers of America (IWA) in British Columbia was also Communist-led. When, in 1948, CCF supporters gained control of the IWA's New Westminster local, other BC-based (and Communist-led) locals of the IWA withdrew in an attempt to form an independent union. However, this effort failed when the union members did not endorse the change. Efforts to dislodge communists from the United Electrical (UE) and the Mine Mill union did not succeed, and these unions were expelled from the Canadian Congress of Labour. Hence by 1950, the Canadian Congress of Labour had become a federation of unions which, to a greater or

neg: Armenia–Russia relations 1991 as a consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to the failed coup that happened in August. Armenia boycotted the union-wide preservation vote earlier that year. The Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, is believed to have been instrumental in achieving victory by Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994). In 2013, the deputy prime-minister of Azerbaijan Ali S. Hasanov said, "We need to become much stronger so that if we become involved in combat in Nagorno-Karabakh we can stand up to Russian troops, because that is who we will have to face. Did Armenia

neg: California State Route 78 Tribune" (later merged to form the "Union-Tribune") were recognized by the San Diego county supervisors for their role in winning congressional support for the funding. There was a brief delay in approving the money in February 1957 when there was a proposal to move the gunnery range. However, at the end of the month, the United States Navy obtained ownership from Imperial County of the old Niland–Blythe road running through the Chocolate Mountain Aerial Gunnery Range for the specified amount. The county then used this money to fund the construction of the Glamis Road, which Ben Hulse predicted would become

neg: Thomas A. Maloney Thomas A. Maloney Thomas A. Maloney (born May 22, 1889 in San Francisco, California - died January 15, 1986 in Belmont, California) was first elected to the California State Senate in 1924. He was reelected in 1927. In 1932 the Federal government instituted the Federal Reapportionment plan. When this happened Senator Maloney decided to run for State Assembly instead of the State Senate. He was elected to represent the 23rd assembly district. He rose to become speaker pro tem in 1943 and kept the job through four speakers. He held this position until 1956 when he lost the race for

neg: Herlinda Sánchez Laurel Herlinda Sánchez Laurel Herlinda Sánchez Laurel (born May 24, 1941) is a Mexican artist and art professor at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Her career has been recognized by membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, and awards from the state of Baja California, the Palacio de Bellas Artes and the International Coordination of Women in Art among others. Sánchez Laurel was born in Ensenada in the Mexican state of Baja California. She did her basic education in that city, studying first to become a secretary and then banking. However, a first prize win at a state art

neg: East Oakland, Oakland, California become one of 14 different site across the state of California to participate in a 10-year comprehensive community initiative dedicated to improving and supporting a healthy community through active collaborations among youths, residents, and community partners within three Action Teams: Health Happens in Schools, Health Happens in Neighborhoods and Health Happens through Culture, Arts, Storytelling & Healing. Adults in East Oakland are more likely to visit emergency rooms than go to doctor's visits within the past year than many other counties in the Bay Area and in the entire state of California. In 2012, 35% of the community did not

neg: California State Employees Association California State Employees Association The California State Employees Association (CSEA), was founded in 1932 in Sacramento, California. The organization itself grew out of a campaign to pass a ballot initiative to amend the California state constitution to create a retirement system for California state workers (now called the California Public Employees' Retirement System). As a result of the campaign, the core of leadership for the campaign went on to create the association to maintain the momentum of that political victory by forming a credit union, now known as The Golden One Credit Union, for state employees, winning voter approval of

neg: California agricultural strikes of 1933 with union leaders to receive their demands. Although Rolph declined to send in more police or disarm growers, he did announce that the State Emergency Relief Administration would spend federal money to provide financial assistance to striking workers. George Creel, chair of the Regional Labor Board of the National Labor Board (a federal labor relations agency), began to aggressively intervene as a mediator in the strikes. Although Creel lacked any formal powers, his bravado and air of authority impressed both growers and union workers. He warned growers that the Roosevelt administration would suspend federal agricultural assistance to California if violence

neg: University District, San Bernardino University District, San Bernardino The University District, often referred to as University Parkway, is a foothill community located approximately 5–8 miles north of downtown San Bernardino, California. The District is named after the California State University, San Bernardino. It is one of the most desirable neighborhoods in San Bernardino along with the Hospitality Lane District. As California State University, San Bernardino grew so did the region around it; it used to be nothing but mid-desert farmland, but has been developing quickly to become a major and important independent neighborhood to not only San Bernardino but also the entire region. Like

neg: Western Collegiate Lacrosse League in 1978. In 1979, at the urging of CLA VP and San Diego State alum Mitch Fenton, a separate organization for the collegiate teams in both the CLA and NCLA was brainstormed. The union that would eventually become the WCLL was founded on Super Bowl Sunday, January 20, 1980 as the California Collegiate Lacrosse Association (CCLA). A select few gathered at the house of then UCLA Head Coach Mayer Davidson's house in West Los Angeles. Co-founders also included Stanford Head Coach Sam Sadtler, the Claremont Head Coach and Fenton. The original 9 members were: California, Claremont, San Diego State, Santa

neg: Porterville High School first a union because in 1910 the neighborhood near the old Indian Reservation did not withdraw from the high school when it set up the Reservation (now Alta-Vista) district separate from Porterville Elementary School. From February 1920, the following districts were added to the union: Burton, Citrus-South Tule (united since 1920, South Tule having already annexed La Motte); Ducor (which since then took over Fountain Springs and part of Wheatland, California); Hope; Olive; Orange: Pleasant View; Rockford, California; Vincent; and later in the same year, Springville (now a union including Dennison joining PHS in 1930 --, Mountain View, Mt. Whitney

neg: Arlene Holt Baker American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) in the late 1980s. She began organizing public sector employees for the state of California, and eventually was hired as an international union staff representative. She rose to become an "area director" in California, overseeing AFSCME's collective bargaining efforts for public employee locals and leading the union's political operations for statewide and federal races. In 1995, John Sweeney was elected president of the AFL-CIO, unseating incumbent Thomas R. Donahue. Sweeney's running mate, Linda Chavez-Thompson, was elected the labor federation's Executive Vice-President. Chavez-Thompson, a local AFSCME leader from Texas, hired Holt Baker

neg: David J. McDonald his predecessors protecting the interests of Canadian steelworkers locals. Abel was sworn in as president on June 2, 1965. McDonald retired to California. In 1969, he published his autobiography, "Union Man: The Life of a Labor Statesman." Although union members voted to invite him to their convention in 1966, Abel did not ask for him to come. When the USWA held its convention in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1976, McDonald was not invited to attend. McDonald died in Palm Springs, California, and was buried at Desert Memorial Park, in Cathedral City, California. McDonald was almost universally considered vain and self-important.

neg: Gray Davis for community college. Many of Davis' opponents were furious over the signings of these measures so late in his administration. Some political observers saw these efforts as an attempt to reinforce support from Hispanics, labor union members and liberal Democrats. Ultimately, Davis did not have as much support from Hispanics and union members in the recall election as he did in his 2002 re-election. Davis was governor during the southern California fires of 2003, more commonly known as the Cedar Fire. Davis declared a state of emergency in Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, San Diego County and Ventura County

neg: Aztec Student Union to the Associated Students' Government & Business Office, Council Chambers, the Government Affairs Office and Meeting Services. Many student organizations also housed their offices in the Aztec Center. The Aztec Center, planned in the late 1950s and built in the early 1960s, was the first permanent student union in the California State University system. Aztec Student Union The Aztec Student Union is a student union in the center of San Diego State University's campus, just east of Malcolm A. Love Library. The Aztec Student Union was known as the Aztec Center from 1968-2011, when it was demolished for the Aztec

neg: Union Bank Tower "long-term master lease" was planned to be transferred from the Bank of California to a partnership of Melvin Mark Properties and Douglas Goodman in January 1987. The bank continued to be the building's primary tenant, leasing of the overall of space at that time. In April 1996, Bank of California merged with Union Bank to become Union Bank of California. The Portland building was renamed the Union Bank of California Building in September of that year. In 2008, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ acquired the 35 percent of Union Bank that it had not already owned, and Union Bank of

neg: James Gadsden During 1850, Gadsden advocated secession by South Carolina when California was admitted to the Union as a free state. Gadsden considered slavery "a social blessing" and abolitionists "the greatest curse of the nation." When the secession proposal failed, Gadsden, working with his cousin Isaac Edward Holmes, a lawyer in San Francisco since 1851, and the California state senator Thomas Jefferson Green, attempted to divide California in two. They proposed that the southern half would allow slavery. Gadsden planned to establish a slaveholding colony there based on rice, cotton, and sugar. He would use slave labor to build a railroad and

neg: Tuineau Alipate and the Minnesota Vikings from 1994 to 1996, primarily on special teams. He also had a short stint with the Green Bay Packers in 1995. Alipate was born in Tonga and moved to the San Francisco Bay area when he was eight years old. He did not play football until he attended James Logan High School in Union City, California. He was inducted into the James Logan High School Athletics Hall of Fame in 2010. He played college football with the Washington State Cougars. In his senior year, he missed all but two games due to a broken thumb. Alipate

neg: California to be an independent state, and had been aided by American and British residents of California, including Isaac Graham. In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to the Graham affair. One of the largest ranchers in California was John Marsh. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, soil and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known

neg: Statelessness colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin is a breach of States’ obligations to ensure non-discriminatory enjoyment of the right to nationality". In some cases, statelessness is a consequence of state succession. Some people become stateless when their state of nationality ceases to exist, or when the territory on which they live comes under the control of another state. This was the case when the Soviet Union disintegrated, and also in the cases of Yugoslavia and Ethiopia. People may also become stateless as a result of administrative and practical problems, especially when they are from a group whose nationality is

neg: Manipur (princely state) British Crown, Manipur became briefly "independent". The Maharaja had acceded to India on 11 August, whereby he ceded the central subjects to the Union government but gained internal sovereignty over the state. A 'Manipur State Constitution Act,1947' was enacted, giving the state its own constitution, although this did not become known in other parts of India owing to the relative isolation of the kingdom. A few Manipuris favoured integration with India and established the Manipur India Congress, a party which failed to draw any votes in the election of 1948. The Government of India did not recognize the Constitution. On

neg: 1840s the world, and an overwhelming number of gold-seekers and merchants began to arrive from virtually every continent. In 1849, an estimated 90,000 people arrived in California in 1849—of which 50,000 to 60,000 were from the United States. In 1850, California joined the union as the 31st state. The Republic of Texas had declared independence in 1836, as part of breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States

neg: University of California later transferred to statutory law during the shortening of what had become an extraordinarily long constitution by the 1960s). Hastings is the only UC campus not governed by the Regents of the University of California, as required as a condition of Hastings' gift. In August 1882, the California State Normal School (whose original normal school in San Jose is now San Jose State University) opened a second school in Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. The Los Angeles school remained under the control of the San Jose school until 1919, when the state legislature

neg: California Statutes California Statutes California Statutes (Cal. Stats., also cited as Stats. within the state) are the acts of the California State Legislature as approved according to the California Constitution and collated by the Secretary of State of California. A legislative bill is "chaptered" by the Secretary of State once it passes through both houses of the California State Legislature and has either been signed by the Governor or has become law without the Governor's signature. The secretary of state assigns a sequential chapter number to all bills that become law. Statutes are cited by chapter and year, but legislative bills are

neg: California Admission Day California Admission Day California Admission Day is a legal holiday in the state of California in the United States. It is celebrated as a day of observance annually on September 9 to commemorate the anniversary of the 1850 admission of California into the Union as the thirty-first state. California was admitted to the Union as part of the Compromise of 1850 as a free state after being ceded to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. California directly became a state, it was never required to spend a period of time as a

neg: 1924 United States presidential election in California percentage points, aided by a campaign based upon vilification. La Follette did nonetheless match Coolidge outside conservative, heavily populated Southern California, and he carried most urban working class districts in Northern California, as well as most of the Sierra logging counties that were to become Democratic strongholds between FDR and Jimmy Carter. La Follette's vote was later to revive the moribund Democratic Party when it turned largely to Al Smith (whom his family was to endorse when he died) in the following election. 1924 United States presidential election in California The 1924 United States presidential election in California refers to

neg: Great Seal of California likely a confusion of the state seal (with its supposed chapel) with the Seal of Los Angeles County (and its crossless view of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel). This "county" seal did in fact include a cross from its creation in 1957 until 2004, when a threatened lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union encouraged the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to remove the cross and make other design changes to the seal. (A similar lawsuit earlier in the year led to the removal of a cross from the seal of the city of Redlands.) The mistaken idea that there

neg: California Admission Day territory. California Admission Day California Admission Day is a legal holiday in the state of California in the United States. It is celebrated as a day of observance annually on September 9 to commemorate the anniversary of the 1850 admission of California into the Union as the thirty-first state. California was admitted to the Union as part of the Compromise of 1850 as a free state after being ceded to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. California directly became a state, it was never required to spend a period of time as

neg: Paul F. O'Rourke the county Board of Supervisors directed Dr. O'Rourke to withhold health services from strikers and union sympathizers among the farm worker ranks, but he did not comply. When more than 40 strikers were arrested and incarcerated in the county’s jail, Dr. O’Rourke was asked by the state to confirm that conditions at the jail were safe and sanitary. Dr. O’Rourke concluded that the jail was not adequate to house that many people. His report to that effect was considered by the Board of Supervisors to be insubordinate, and they discharged him from his post. The California Department of Health Services

neg: Las Virgenes Unified School District County with the same border as Las Virgenes Union School District as of July 1, 1962, and California law made coterminous grade school and high school districts automatically become a unified school district, thus creating Las Virgenes Unified School District. Though L.A. Unified was required to provide high school education to Las Virgenes for three years, California law mandated that, if a unified school district did not establish its own high school by September 1965, the district would be annexed to an adjacent district with a high school. In January 1963, LVUSD residents had already voted down construction financing by

neg: Hamilton City, California including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. In the state legislature Hamilton is in , and in . Federally, Hamilton is in . The Hamilton Union High School District and Hamilton Union Elementary School Districts unified in 2009 to become the Hamilton Unified School District. Longtime Hamilton Union High School Principal/Superintendent Ray Odom served as the first Superintendent of the new Hamilton Unified School District. Mr. Odom retired in 2011. The current Superintendent is Charles Tracy and the current High School Principal is Cris Oseguera. Hamilton Unified School District includes Hamilton High

neg: 1805 State of the Union Address 1805 State of the Union Address The 1805 State of the Union Address was given by the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, on Tuesday, December 3, 1805. He did not directly give it to the 9th United States Congress. He only presented his written address. It was the first of his second term in the White House. He began with, "At a moment when the nations of Europe are in commotion and arming against each other, and when those with whom we have principal intercourse are engaged in the general contest, and when the countenance of some

neg: Graduate student employee unionization assistants at the University of California, Merced also joined the union when the campus opened in 2006. Several notable unionization efforts arose at private universities. Although pre-"NYU"-rulings by the NLRB did not permit graduate students to unionize at private universities, they also did not prohibit universities from recognizing unions. Teaching assistant unions formed at Yale and New York University. To gain bargaining status, the unions went on several strikes and led long union drive campaigns. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Yale graduate students organized a sustained union drive campaign, which remains ongoing. In response to poor pay and working

neg: Union Aircraft Company and seek future profits. The company produced the Rider R-6 "Eight-Ball". The profits did not come about, leading to the end of aircraft production. In 1941 the parent company Story-Gawley was absorbed by Industrial Forming. Rider went on to become Vice President of Doak Aircraft, and project engineer for the Timm Aircraft Company. Union Aircraft Company California based aircraft designer Keith Rider had developed aircraft since 1916, and specialty aircraft for the National Air Races in the early 1930s. Starting his career as a draftsman for the Glen L. Martin Company. His five early racing designs built in a casket

neg: Madeline Anderson first heard about the strike. However, when she initially approached television networks with the idea, they did not give her funding because they did not see the event as important or interesting. Moe Foner, executive director of Local 1199 (the union that was on strike), found out about Anderson’s desire to make the film and, wanting to record the events himself, approached her to make it for the union. Anderson finally managed to acquire funding because, when she approached the networks a second time, the strike had become an international event. Anderson felt a profound responsibility to justly and truthfully

neg: Candy Desk did not become publicly known until the mid-1980s, when Washington Senator Slade Gorton disclosed it in announcing that he would be sitting at the Candy Desk. Senators who have maintained the Candy Desk tradition include John McCain, Harrison Schmitt, and Rick Santorum, who stocked it with confectionery from his home state of Pennsylvania, including from the Hershey Chocolate Company. After Santorum left the Senate in 2007, the Candy Desk was maintained by a number of senators for a short time each, before Pennsylvania Senator Toomey began his stay in 2015. George Murphy was elected as the Senator from California in

neg: Self-driving car not need to pay attention while the car is operating itself. Google had further lobbied for an exemption from a ban on distracted driving to permit occupants to send text messages while sitting behind the wheel, but this did not become law. Furthermore, Nevada's regulations require a person behind the wheel and one in the passenger's seat during tests. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of automated cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google Headquarters in Mountain View. In December 2013,

neg: Joyce Carlson 16, 1923. Her family moved to Southern California in 1938 when she was a teenager. Carlson graduated from Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica, California. She initially did not want to become a designer. After high school she took a job delivering pens, pencils, paints and brushes to animators at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank. She soon became an inker after that. When the inkers were replaced by Xerox, she moved into the imagineering group at Walt Disney. Carlson first became involved with Walt Disney Productions in Burbank, California in 1944, when she took a job delivering mail, coffee

neg: Calaveras Big Trees State Park Calaveras Big Trees State Park Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada. It has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported, and is considered the longest continuously operated tourist facility in California. Parcels of land that would later become the state park and nearby national park were optioned by lumberman Robert P. Whiteside in January, 1900, with the

neg: U.S. Route 385 in Colorado Two Buttes to Stonington and continued by replacing No. 30S (Dallas-Canadian-Denver Highway) to the Kansas state line in the direction of Guymon, Oklahoma. (The connection in Kansas would become K-51 several years later, but the rest of the road to US 64 west of Guymon did not become Oklahoma State Highway 95 until 1953–1954.) In 1932–1934 a short extension from Julesburg north to Nebraska (mostly via present SH 11) was added to the route, taking it from border to border. At the same time, a new State Highway 166 (SH 166) was created, paralleling the Union Pacific Railroad's Overland Route

neg: Bob Sercombe candidacy from Labor preselection for his seat of Maribyrnong in favour of Australian Workers' Union National Secretary Bill Shorten as Shorten had the numbers over Sercombe to win the preselection and Shorten was elected unopposed as a result. He criticised challenges to other incumbent MPs. Despite announcing his retirement Sercombe was kept on the frontbench by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley until December 2006 when he was sacked by new leader Kevin Rudd. Remarkably Sercombe was an Opposition frontbencher in both the Victorian State and Federal Parliaments but did not become a Minister in either tier of Government. Bob Sercombe Robert

neg: History of the University of California, Los Angeles History of the University of California, Los Angeles The official history of the University of California, Los Angeles starts in 1919 when Governor William D. Stephens signed Assembly Bill 626 into law, which turned the facilities of the Los Angeles State Normal School into the Southern Branch of the University of California. After moving to its new campus in Westwood in 1929 it was renamed UCLA and has since expanded to become a leading world university. In March 1881, after heavy lobbying by Los Angeles residents, the California State Legislature authorized the creation of a southern branch of the California

neg: Vic Fazio Vic Fazio Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. (born October 11, 1942) is a former Democratic congressman from California. Fazio was born to a family of New England Yankee and Italian-American heritage in Winchester, Massachusetts. After graduating from Madison High School in Madison, New Jersey, in 1960, Fazio attended Williston Academy in Easthampton, Massachusetts, in 1961. He earned a B.A. from Union College in Schenectady, New York, in 1965, and did graduate work at California State University in Sacramento, California, from 1969 to 1972. From 1965 to 1966 he was a Coro Foundation Fellow in Los Angeles. Fazio was a congressional and

neg: California kingsnake habitats, including woodland chaparral, grassland, deserts, marshes, and even suburban areas. These snakes live in Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and northwestern Mexico. In Arizona, they intergrade with the desert kingsnake ("Lampropeltis splendida") and the Mexican black kingsnake ("Lampropeltis getula nigrita"). The species has also become invasive on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria. The California kingsnake is primarily diurnal, but may become increasingly nocturnal during periods of particularly hot weather. In the winter, they retreat underground and enter a hibernation-like state called brumation. When disturbed, California kingsnakes will often coil their bodies to hide their heads, hiss, and rattle

neg: Alabama Territory Alabama Territory The Territory of Alabama (sometimes Alabama Territory) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Alabama Territory was carved from the Mississippi Territory on August 15, 1817 and lasted until December 14, 1819, when it was admitted to the Union as the twenty-second state. The Alabama Territory was designated by two interdependent Acts of the Congress of the United States on March 1 and 3, 1817, but it did not become effective until October 10, 1817. The delay was due to a provision in the Congressional Act which stated that the act would only take effect

neg: European Economic Area the 1992 Treaty, 1 amending treaty was signed, as well as 3 treaties to allow for accession of new members of the European Union When a state joins the EU, they do not necessarily immediately become part of the EEA but are obliged to apply. Following the 2007 enlargement of the EU, which saw Bulgaria and Romania acceding to the EU on 1 January 2007, an EEA Enlargement Agreement was not signed until 25 July 2007 and only provisionally entered into force on 1 August 2007. The agreement did not fully enter into force until 9 November 2011. On the

neg: Ellen Corbett the Environmental Working Group, the California League of Conservation Voters, Clean Water Action California, and the Hindu American Foundation. Ellen Corbett Ellen Marie Corbett (born December 31, 1954) is a Democratic politician from the San Francisco Bay Area. She served in the California State Senate, representing the 10th District, which included San Leandro, Hayward, Pleasanton, Union City, Fremont, Newark, Milpitas, and part of San Jose. She was the Senate Majority Leader. Ellen Corbett was elected to the California State Assembly in the 1998, and served there until 2004, when she was termed out. She served as a San Leandro councilperson