query: who established mission san francisco de la espada

pos: Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain in present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain. The mission was built in order to convert local Native Americans to Christianity and solidify Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. Today, the structure is one of four missions that comprise San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. Founded in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near Weches, Texas and southwest of present-day Alto, Texas,

pos: Mission San Francisco de la Espada missions along the San Antonio River, Franciscan missionaries oversaw the construction of seven gravity-flow ditches, dams, and at least one aqueduct — a network that irrigated approximately of land." Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain in present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain. The mission was built in order to convert local Native Americans to Christianity and solidify Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. Today, the structure is one

pos: Mission San Francisco de la Espada of 1693. On October 25, 1693, the padres burned the mission and retreated toward Monclova. The party lost its way and did not reach Monclova until February 17, 1694. The mission was re-established in the same area on July 5, 1716 as Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas. The new mission had to be abandoned in 1719 because of conflict between Spain and France. The mission was tried once more on August 5, 1721 as San Francisco de los Neches. As the Nabedache were no longer interested in the mission, and France had abandoned effort to lay claim in

pos: Mission San Francisco de la Espada Campbell, the ranch was likely constructed by Indians not native to Texas. Mission San Francisco de la Espada's acequia and aqueduct can still be seen today. The main ditch continues to carry water to the mission and its former farm lands. This water is still used by residents living on these neighboring lands. The use of acequias was originally brought to the arid regions of Spain and Portugal by the Romans and the Moors. When Franciscans missionaries arrived in the desert Southwest they found the system worked well in the hot, dry environment. In order to distribute water to the

pos: History of San Francisco A Spanish exploration party, led by Portolà and arriving on November 2, 1769, was the first documented European sighting of San Francisco Bay. Portolà claimed the area for Spain as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Seven years later a Spanish mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores), was established by Fra. Junípero Serra, and a military fort was built, the Presidio of San Francisco. In 1786 French explorer, the Comte de La Pérouse visited San Francisco and left a detailed account of it. Six years later, in 1792 British explorer George Vancouver also stopped in San Francisco,

pos: San Rafael, California California" by three priests—Father Narciso Durán from Mission San José, Father Abella from Mission San Francisco de Asís, Father Luis Gíl y Taboada from La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles—on Dec. 14, 1817, four years before Mexico gained independence from Spain. Mission San Rafael Arcángel was located a donkey's day walk to the mission below it. The mission and the city are named after the Archangel Raphael, the Angel of Healing. The mission was originally planned as a hospital site for Central Valley American Indians who had become ill at the cold San Francisco Mission Dolores. Father

pos: Ganado, Arizona Walker and Shepard 1964 {1859}; Cushing 1965 {1882}. As the silver mines funded greater and greater Spanish expansion into the frontier of "New Spain," King Philip II of Spain directed Conquistador Juan de Oñate to begin establishing Holy See missions in Nuevo México. As Roman Catholicism spread, by the 1629, "the mission of San Bernardino was established at Awátobi by a party of four Franciscans headed by Father Francisco de Porras", as the Hopi villages were architecturally accommodating as built up population centers. Spanish traffic was sustained from La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís

pos: Mission San Francisco Solano (California) Mission San Francisco Solano (California) Mission San Francisco Solano was the 21st, last, and northernmost mission in Alta California. It was the only mission built in Alta California after Mexico gained independence from Spain. The difficulty of its beginning demonstrates the confusion resulting from that change in governance. The California Governor wanted a robust Mexican presence north of the San Francisco Bay to keep the Russians who had established Fort Ross on the Pacific coast from moving further inland. A young Franciscan friar from Mission San Francisco de Asis wanted to move to a location with a better climate and

pos: Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó was a Spanish mission on the Baja California peninsula in colonial Mexico, the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The site is in present-day Loreto Municipality of Baja California Sur state. The mission was located at . San Francisco Javier mission was founded by Jesuits of the Roman Catholic church in 1699 and closed in 1817. The missionary's objective was to convert the local Cochimí Native Americans (Indians) to Christianity. A mission church survives and is in use. The Jesuits established Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó in 1697

pos: Sonoma State Historic Park to secularization of the Mission; the founding and improvement of the Mexican pueblo of Sonoma; and, the development of Sonoma as an American city. Mission San Francisco Solano was the 21st, last (founded in 1823) and northernmost mission in Alta California. It was the only mission built in Alta California after Mexico gained independence from Spain. The California Governor wanted a robust Mexican presence north of the San Francisco Bay to keep the Russians who had established Fort Ross on the Pacific coast from moving further inland. A young Franciscan friar from Mission San Francisco de Asis wanted to move

pos: Francisco Cuervo y Valdés of San Francisco de Solano was founded by Antonio de Olivares. The mission of San Bernardo began in 1703. However, in 1704, Cuervo was appointed acting governor of New Mexico by the Viceroy of New Spain, Don Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez, Duke of Alburquerque. Thus, Cuervo y Valdés had to leave the government of Coahuila, taking office on March 10, 1705. Arriving in the province, Cuervo y Valdés found that social and political conditions in the area were very poor. The continuing war between the Apaches and Navajos against the settlers and Pueblos (who were allies of the

pos: Mission San Francisco Solano (California) and children) contributed to the high death rate. On June 1, 1932, Mission San Francisco Solano was designated California Historical Landmark #3. Mission San Francisco Solano (California) Mission San Francisco Solano was the 21st, last, and northernmost mission in Alta California. It was the only mission built in Alta California after Mexico gained independence from Spain. The difficulty of its beginning demonstrates the confusion resulting from that change in governance. The California Governor wanted a robust Mexican presence north of the San Francisco Bay to keep the Russians who had established Fort Ross on the Pacific coast from moving further

pos: Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Marcos Jiménez de la Espada (1831–1898) was a Spanish zoologist, herpetologist, explorer and writer, born in Cartagena, Spain, although he spent most of his life in Madrid, where he died. He is known for participating in the Pacific Scientific Commission, with whom he traveled America from 1862 to 1865. He also published several works on geography and history of the American continent. The son of a politician, Jiménez de la Espada had to move several times during his childhood and youth, studying in Valladolid, Barcelona and Sevilla. In 1850, he started a career in Natural

pos: San Jose, California Spain approved an expedition by Juan Bautista de Anza to survey the San Francisco Bay Area, in order to choose the sites for two future settlements and their accompanying mission. First he chose the site for a military settlement in San Francisco, for the Royal Presidio of San Francisco, and Mission San Francisco de Asís. On his way back to Mexico from San Francisco, de Anza chose the sites in Santa Clara Valley for a civilian settlement, San Jose, on the eastern bank of the Guadalupe River, and a mission on its western bank, Mission Santa Clara de Asís. San

neg: San Antonio Missions National Historical Park in 1731 to San Antonio. Located on Mission Road, San Juan was listed on the National Register on February 23, 1972. Misión San Francisco de la Espada was established in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near present-day Augusta. and renamed San Francisco de los Neches in 1721. The mission was moved in 1731 to San Antonio and given its current name. Located on Espada Road, this mission was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972. The Park includes two other locations listed on the National Register of Historic Places: San Antonio Missions National

neg: Mission San Francisco de la Espada Mission San Francisco de la Espada was the second mission established in Texas. Three priests, three soldiers and supplies were left among the Nabedache Indians. The new mission was dedicated on June 1, 1690. A smallpox epidemic in the winter of 1690-1691 killed an estimated 3,300 people in the area. The Nabedache believed the Spaniards brought the disease and hostilities developed between the two groups. Drought besieged the mission in the summers of 1691 and 1692, and the Nabedache wished to get rid of the mission. Under threat of personal attack, the priests began packing their belongings in the fall

neg: Spanish missions in Texas Mission San Francisco de la Espada. The surviving structure is now part of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park operated by the National Park Service. A commemorative representation of Mission San Francisco de los Tejas, is located in Weches at Mission Tejas State Park. Mission Santísimo Nombre de María was the second mission established by the Spanish in East Texas. Built for the native Neches population, the mission opened in September 1690 northeast of Mission San Francisco. The mission consisted of a straw chapel and a house for the priest. It was destroyed by a flood in 1692. Mission San

neg: Mission San Francisco de la Espada the area, the mission was temporarily relocated along the Colorado River in July 1730. Mission Tejas State Park encompasses the original site of the mission. The mission relocated to its current location in the San Antonio River area (coordinates 29.3177°, -98.4498°) in March, 1731 and was renamed San Francisco De la Espada. A friary was built in 1745, and the church was completed in 1756. The relocation was in part inspired by fears of French encroachment and need for more Missionaries to tend to San Antonio de Bexar's Indian population. The Mission encountered great difficulties in presiding over the Indian

neg: Mission San Francisco de la Espada population and experienced common rebellious activity. Several modern churches have been architecturally based on the design of this mission including St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Wimberley, Texas, north of San Antonio. Rancho de las Cabras was established between 1750 and 1760, 30 miles southeast of San Antonio de Bexar under the jurisdiction of Mission Espada, so as to provide land for cultivation of crops and livestock for the Mission's population without intruding on private lands. The ranch was primarily made up by low fences and thatched buildings known as "jacales" for the native workforce to inhabit. According to Ethno-Historian T.N.

neg: Espada Acequia Espada Acequia The Espada Acequia, or Piedras Creek Aqueduct, was built by Franciscan friars in 1731 in what is now San Antonio, Texas, United States. It was built to supply irrigation water to the lands near Mission San Francisco de la Espada, today part of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. The acequia is still in use today and is an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. Mission Espada's "acequia" (irrigation) system can still be seen today. The main ditch, or "acequia madre", continues to carry water to the mission and its former farmlands. This water is

neg: Espada Acequia supports a Catholic parish and religious education, however a school originally opened by the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament was closed in 1967. Espada Acequia The Espada Acequia, or Piedras Creek Aqueduct, was built by Franciscan friars in 1731 in what is now San Antonio, Texas, United States. It was built to supply irrigation water to the lands near Mission San Francisco de la Espada, today part of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. The acequia is still in use today and is an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. Mission Espada's "acequia" (irrigation)

neg: Spanish missions in Texas to the west. The first mission established within the boundaries of Spanish Texas was San Francisco de la Espada. In 1689, Spanish authorities found the remnants of a French settlement, Fort Saint Louis. During their expedition, the Spanish met representatives of the Caddo people, who lived between the Trinity and the Red Rivers. The Caddo expressed interest in learning about Christianity, and the following year Alonso De León led an expedition to establish a mission in East Texas. It was completed near the Hasinai village of Nabedaches in late May, and its first mass was conducted on June 1, 1690.

neg: Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas) March 1773, when it was placed under the care of the College of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Zacatecas. The mission was secularized on July 14, 1794, after which time it was attended by the resident priest at Mission San Francisco de la Espada, until about 1813; it was then attended by the one remaining missionary at the nearby Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo until 1824. The native population of the Mission were either disbanded, temporarily moved to other missions, or Hispanicized. Mission San Juan was largely neglected until 1840, when religious services were once again conducted,

neg: Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Martín hair. Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Martín Marcos Eusebio Jiménez de la Espada Martín (; born 3 November 1985), known simply as Marcos, is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Atlético Baleares as a forward. Born in Pollença, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Marcos was a trainee of both SD La Salle and CD San Francisco, and made his senior debuts with CE Constància in 2004–05, in Tercera División. He stayed in the same level for the following three seasons, representing RCD Mallorca B and UE Sant Andreu. In July 2008, Marcos was loaned to Segunda División B club Orihuela CF.

neg: Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Martín Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Martín Marcos Eusebio Jiménez de la Espada Martín (; born 3 November 1985), known simply as Marcos, is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Atlético Baleares as a forward. Born in Pollença, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Marcos was a trainee of both SD La Salle and CD San Francisco, and made his senior debuts with CE Constància in 2004–05, in Tercera División. He stayed in the same level for the following three seasons, representing RCD Mallorca B and UE Sant Andreu. In July 2008, Marcos was loaned to Segunda División B club Orihuela CF. He

neg: Texas State Highway Spur 122 122. Spur 122 begins near the city limits on the southeast side of San Antonio at US 181. The spur heads northwest along Presa Street passing under I-37. The road continues towards the northwest passing over I-410 before turning towards the north to parallel the San Antonio River to its west. This portion of the San Antonio River has several parks along its banks to include the Acequia Park, Espada Park and the Mission San Francisco de la Espada. The highway also passes near the western boundary of Brooks City-Base, a former U.S. Air Force installation. The spur ends at

neg: La cruz y la espada La cruz y la espada La cruz y la espada is a 1934 American Spanish language drama film directed by Frank Strayer, which stars José Mojica, Juan Torena, and Anita Campillo. The screenplay was written by Paul Schofield and William DuBois from a story by Miguel de Zárraga. In the California of the late 1800s, José Antonio Romero hears of the nearby discovery of gold. Wanting to provide his fiancé, Carmela, with all the good things in life, he decides to go hunt for gold. He tells his friend, Francisco, who is a Brother at a nearby mission, of his

neg: James Bowie missions of San Francisco de la Espada and San José y San Miguel de Aguayo to find supplies for the volunteer forces. The scouting party left with 92 men, many of them members of the New Orleans Grays who had just arrived in Texas. After discovering a good defensive position near Mission Concepción, the group requested that Austin's army join them. On the foggy morning of October 28, Mexican General Domingo Ugartechea led a force of 300 infantry and cavalry soldiers and two small cannons against the Texian forces. Although the Mexican army was able to get within 200 yards

neg: José Antonio de la Garza streets of Houston and Soledad for a year and a half. In 1824, thanks to the success of its currency, Garza obtained a large extension of land (which consisted of two leagues) between San Antonio and Medina River. In doing so, he became one of the largest landowners in "Bexar County". In 1832, Garza became Mayor of San Antonio. That year he signed the articles from the Convention of 1832. Probably at the beginning of 1834 he bought the San Francisco de la Espada Mission. This purchase, however, was deemed illegal by some residents, leading to a rejection of him.

neg: Melchor de Mediavilla y Azcona de Acuña, San Francisco de los Neches was renamed San Francisco de la Espada, while San Jose de los Nazones was renamed San Juan Capistrano. While Mediavilla y Azcona was governor, Inspector Pedro de Rivera y Villalón revised political management of Mediavilla and found errors in his administration. Villalón recommended to Mediavilla y Azcona to hire more officials. He also indicated that Presidio de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores should be removed and the number of people who formed the garrison of Nuestra Señora del Pilar should be reduced to 60 men. These recommendations were implemented. According to Historian Juan

neg: Battle of Concepción reconnaissance mission to evaluate the former missions around San Antonio as potential campsites. Locals familiar with the area, Juan Seguín and his Texians, would guide the men along the river. After investigating three of the missions, Bowie and Fannin selected Mission San Francisco de la Espada as the most promising campsite. The rest of the Texian Army joined them there early on October 27. Eager to move closer to Bexar, Austin immediately sent Bowie and Fannin to find a good defensive spot for the army to rest that night. Bowie and Fannin were accompanied by ninety soldiers, divided into four

neg: Spanish Texas San Francisco was reestablished as Mission Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas for the Neche Indians. Several days later, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción was established at the main village of the Hainai, the head tribe of the Hasinai Confederacy, along the Angelina River. A third mission, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, was established east of Purísima Concepción, at the main village of the Nacogdoche tribe, at what is now Nacogdoches. A final mission, San José de los Nazonis, was built among the Nazoni Indians just north of present-day Cushing. A presidio, Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, was

neg: Texas State Highway Spur 122 an intersection with Loop 13 (Military Drive). Texas State Highway Spur 122 Spur 122 is a spur route in the U.S. state of Texas that follows a former route of U.S. Highway 181 (US 181) in San Antonio. Spur 122 follows Presa Street from US 181 near the city limits on the southeast side of San Antonio towards the northwest ending at Loop 13 just east of the San Antonio River. The spur provides access to Mission San Francisco de la Espada and other parks along the banks of the San Antonio River. An earlier Route, also named Spur 122,

neg: Texas State Highway Spur 122 Texas State Highway Spur 122 Spur 122 is a spur route in the U.S. state of Texas that follows a former route of U.S. Highway 181 (US 181) in San Antonio. Spur 122 follows Presa Street from US 181 near the city limits on the southeast side of San Antonio towards the northwest ending at Loop 13 just east of the San Antonio River. The spur provides access to Mission San Francisco de la Espada and other parks along the banks of the San Antonio River. An earlier Route, also named Spur 122, was designated on July 1, 1941, from

neg: San Antonio River withheld a Mexican force of around 3,000 troops for 12 days until the garrison was overrun by a Mexican assault on dawn of the 13th day. Five major 18th-century Spanish missions are lined up along the historical course of the river in San Antonio, including Mission Espada, Mission Concepcion, Mission San José, and Mission San Juan Capistrano. The most famous mission is San Antonio de Valero, better known as the Álamo, and its complementing fortress is Presidio San Antonio de Bexar. These five missions in San Antonio are now designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Presidio La Bahía

neg: Pedro Font for the proposed Mission San Francisco de Asís, which would be established later that year by Fathers Junípero Serra and Francisco Palóu. Font was also involved in the excommunication of then-military governor Fernando Rivera y Moncada, whose use of force on a neophyte is described in detail in "With Anza to California". Font later served at Mission Santa Teresa de Atil, Mission Santa Maria Magdalena, Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama and La Purísima Concepción de Caborca prior to his death at the "visita" of San Diego del Pitiquito in 1781. In 1777, Pedro Font's map named the

neg: Joseph Sadoc Alemany its first archbishop. Alemany arrived in San Francisco finding three established Catholic parishes Mission Dolores (San Francisco de Asís) (1776), St. Francis of Assisi (1849) and St. Patrick (1851). As Archbishop of San Francisco, Alemany presided over what became a multinational diocese, owing to the influx of people during the California Gold Rush, and parishes were established for San Francisco's Italian, Irish, French, German and Mexican communities. Catholic religious institutes were also active during his tenure, with the Society of Jesus establishing Santa Clara University and the University of San Francisco, the De La Salle Christian Brothers taking over the

neg: Floresville, Texas de las Cabras, "the goat ranch," was established near Floresville as a mission ranching operation for Mission Espada. Indian and Spanish vaqueros would live and worship here, while caring for the herds of animals. This would be the precursor of the Texas ranching industry. The land and name for this town would be given to honor the Flores de Abrego family, who were descendants of the former Canary Islanders. Don Francisco Flores de Abrego was early settler of this area, his ranch was six miles (10 km) northwest of the site of present Floresville. Four of his sons, Salvador, Manuel

neg: San Francisco de Conchos San Francisco de Conchos It was founded by Fray Alonso de la Oliva in 1604 and is the second oldest state of Chihuahua after Santa Barbara town receives its name in honor of its patron saint San Francisco de Asis and the people of the Conchos Indians. From the mission and the convent of San Bartolome Valley (1570 and 1574) ranging from expeditions to the San Gregorio and Conchosrivers; same that give rise to the Franciscan Mission San Francisco de Conchos. It is a young missionary who made these expeditions in search of indigenous villages to take the gospel to

neg: Mission San Francisco de Potano and returned to St. Augustine to renew their vows of allegiance to the Spanish authorities. The arrival of additional Franciscan missionaries in 1605 allowed the establishment of permanent missions in Western Timucua to proceed, beginning with the mission of San Francisco de Potano in 1606. Soon after Father Prieto and Serrano established the mission of San Francisco, Father Prieto established the nearby missions of Santa Ana de Potano and San Miguel de Potano. Opposition from the villagers at San Francisco de Potano forced Father Prieto to return to St. Augustine, and the mission became a "visita" (mission without a resident

neg: Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera Mission San Miguel was established on 28 March 1787 by the Dominican missionary Luis Sales among the Kumeyaay Indians of northwestern Baja California, Mexico. The ruins of the mission are located in present-day Ejido La Misión, Baja California in the municipio of Ensenada. The mission ruins are behind the local school, on the north side of Highway 1. It was near this place that, in 1773, a large cross was erected to indicate the boundary of missionary responsibilities in Las Californias between Franciscans (north) and Dominicans (south). Franciscan missionary Francisco Palóu, on his

neg: La cruz y la espada intentions and the reason. Carmela, who also lives near the mission, is having second thoughts about her relationship with José. When she is kidnapped by bandits, Francisco, who is unaware that she is his friend's fiancé, goes off to her rescue. After freeing her, the two begin to have an attraction for each other. When Francisco realizes she is José's beloved, he begins to distance himself, although he is attracted to her. Carmela, equally attracted to Francisco, is dismayed to learn that he is a member of the religious order. When one of the miners, Jaime, arrives at the mission

neg: El Santo de la Espada illness of Remedios. When he returned to Mendoza, he found Remedios already dead. It was premiered in Mendoza on March 25, 1970, and quickly became a blockbuster. A few months later, a group of revisionists created a documental movie about San Martín, in an effort to make clear some events the film narrated. El Santo de la Espada El Santo de la Espada (in English, "The Saint of the Sword") is a 1970 Argentine historical epic film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and starring Alfredo Alcón. It narrates the life of José de San Martín. It was written by Beatriz

neg: El Santo de la Espada El Santo de la Espada El Santo de la Espada (in English, "The Saint of the Sword") is a 1970 Argentine historical epic film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and starring Alfredo Alcón. It narrates the life of José de San Martín. It was written by Beatriz Guido and Luis Pico Estrada, based on the eponymous novel by Ricardo Rojas. The script was supervised by the Sanmartinian National Institute. It had a great success, and it is the most successful movie about "El Libertador" San Martín, although it received some negative reviews due to historical inaccuracies. The story relates the

neg: Rancho Punta de la Concepcion rancho into Rancho La Espada on the west, and Rancho El Cojo on the east. Bothe of the names date back to the Portola expedition. The Rancho La Espada ("the sword"), was originally part of Rancho Punta de la Concepcion. In 1851, Carrillo sold Rancho La Espada to Isaac J. Sparks of Rancho Huasna, and 1852 Sparks sold to Gaspar Oreña(1924–1904). In 1854, Gaspar Oreña married his cousin, Antonia María de la Guerra, youngest daughter of José de la Guerra y Noriega, after her husband Cesario Armand Lataillade (1819–1849) died. Oreña acquired Rancho San Julian from the De la Guerras

neg: Mission San Francisco de Potano Potano) in 1702, that mission was merged into the mission at San Francisco in 1703. By 1704 San Francisco was fortified, one of the few Spanish outposts left west of the St. Johns River. The remaining Indians at San Francisco de Potano moved east of the St. Johns River in 1706, abandoning the mission 100 years after it was established. Mission San Francisco de Potano Mission San Francisco de Potano was a Spanish mission near Gainesville, Florida, United States. In 2007, evidence of Spanish-built post remnants provided structural evidence of the former mission's location. On April 30, 2009, it was

neg: Francisco Sanchez (politician) June 14, 1846 California Republic insurrection which established United States control of Mexican California. Francisco Sanchez is buried at the Mission Dolores in San Francisco. Francisco Sanchez (politician) Francisco Sanchez (April 11, 1805 – September 8, 1862) was Commandante of the San Francisco Presidio and the eighth alcalde of San Francisco, California in 1843, and grantee of the Rancho San Pedro. Francisco Sanchez was born in San Jose, California and was the son of José Antonio Sánchez, grantee of Rancho Buri Buri. Francisco's brother, José de la Cruz Sánchez, was also an alcalde of San Francisco. During 1842 to 1846,

neg: Marcos Jiménez de la Espada he was named president of the Spanish Society of Natural History, which he founded. Curiously, he did not present his doctoral thesis until April 1898, three months before he was named cathedratic of comparative anatomy and six months before his death. His death truncated the ample study that he was preparing about the maritime expedition of Alessandro Malaspina in the 18th century. Francisco Giner de los Ríos and other friends presented him as a symbol of Spanish scientific regenerationism during a posthumous ceremony in his honor. Marcos Jiménez de la Espada Marcos Jiménez de la Espada (1831–1898) was a Spanish

neg: Mission San Francisco de Potano priest) served by Father Serrano, who resided at the mission of San Miguel de Potano. A fourth mission in the area, San Buenaventura de Potano was established a short time later. Initially, the four Potano missions served about 1,200 Indians, about 400 of whom were at San Francisco. The rapid decline of the Potano population due to repeated epidemics led to the abandonment of the San Miguel and San Buenaventura missions within a few years, with the survivors relocated to San Francisco and Santa Ana. At least one of the cattle ranches operated by the Spanish in Florida in the

neg: Rancho Punta de la Concepcion in 1864, as partial payment for money owed him by the De la Guerra siblings. He held on to them until 1867, when he sold them both to Thomas Dibblee. In 1879 the Dibblee-Hollister partnership was dissolved, and Rancho La Espada went to Hollister. In 1883, Captain Robert Sudden acquired the rancho. Robert Sudden, a native of Scotland and former sea captain, came to California during the Gold Rush. He turned businessman and helped organize the Pacific Steamboat Company based in San Francisco. The Rancho El Cojo (Ranch of the Lame) was originally part of Rancho Punta de la Concepcion.

neg: Mission San Fernando Rey de España the land was acquired (Mission records list Reyes as godfather to the first infant baptized at San Fernando). The mission was founded on September 8, 1797 by Father Fermín Lasuén who, with the assistance of Fray Francisco Dumetz and in the presence of troops and natives, performed the ceremonies and dedicated the mission to San Fernando Rey de España, making it the fourth mission site he had established; ten children were baptized on the first day. Fray Francisco Dumetz and his associate Fray Francisco Javier Uría labored in the mission until after 1800. Early in October, 1797, 13 adults were

neg: Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library (including Mission, Presidio, and Our Lady of Sorrows); Mission La Purísima Concepción; Mission Santa Cruz; Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad; Mission San Juan Bautista; Mission San Miguel Arcángel; Mission San Fernando Rey de España; Mission San Luis Rey de Francia; Mission Santa Inés; Mission San Rafael Arcángel; Mission San Francisco de Solano; Plaza—Los Angeles The current archive-library, associated with but not part of the Franciscan Mission Santa Barbara, is a secular institution with an academically-trained, lay director. However, the original collection and organization is from the founding of the mission system in Alta California by the Franciscan Order. Santa

neg: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles later by Fermín de Francisco Lasuén established twenty-one missions between present-day San Diego and Sonoma, six of which were located in the present-day territory of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. In response to the 1781 establishment of the Pueblo de Los Angeles, in 1784 priests from Mission San Gabriel Arcángel set out for the pueblo and established the Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles Asistencia as a sub-mission. The "asistencia" fell into disrepair after being abandoned several years later, and La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles was built on the site in 1814; the church remained the

neg: Mission San Francisco de Asís Mission San Francisco de Asís Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco and the sixth religious settlement established as part of the California chain of missions. The Mission was founded on October 9, 1776, by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Francisco Palóu (a companion of Junípero Serra), both members of the de Anza Expedition, which had been charged with bringing Spanish settlers to Alta (upper) California and with evangelizing the local Natives, the Ohlone. Some of the Mission's buildings have been turned into businesses, including a print shop and several saloons.

neg: History of San Francisco exploratory party in 1769, led overland from Mexico by Don Gaspar de Portolà and Fra. Juan Crespi. The Spanish recognized the location, with its large natural harbor, to be of great strategic significance. A subsequent expedition, led by Juan Bautista de Anza, selected sites for military and religious settlements in 1774. The Presidio of San Francisco was established for the military, while Mission San Francisco de Asís began the cultural and religious conversion of some 10,000 Ohlone who lived in the area. The mission became known as Mission Dolores, because of its nearness to a creek named after Our Lady

neg: Gabriel Moraga 1775-6, went as far north as San Francisco Bay. The second expedition included a group of colonists for settlement at the newly established San Francisco Presidio, Mission San Francisco de Asís and Mission Santa Clara de Asís. The colonists included the Moraga family. José Moraga became commander of the garrison at San Francisco Presidio, and Gabriel became a soldier as well. As a corporal, Gabriel Moraga was appointed "comisionado" (military administrator) of the Pueblo of San Jose, some years after its establishment by his father in 1777. When another civilian town, the Villa de Branciforte, was established in 1797 (part

neg: San Francisco Academy of Sciences. , San Francisco is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in a few small villages when an overland Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà, arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission

neg: Espada Cemetery of the city originally known as Barrio San Lazaro. The Torreón de San Lázaro built in 1655 is located at the intersections of Calles Vaor and Marina. The San Dionisio hospital, created by the initiative of Captain General Francisco Dionisio Vives and by Bishop Espada, was exclusively for mentally ill men and located between the hospital of San Lazaro and the General Cemetery. In the same area was also a room of the Real Casa de Beneficencia, intended exclusively for demented women, but this had its front to Calle Belascoaín. The quarry of San Lazaro where Jose Marti had been

neg: Bay Miwok to the Franciscan missions, most to Mission San Francisco de Asís (of San Francisco), but some others to Mission San José (in present-day Fremont). All but the Ompin and Julpun in the northeast were at the missions by the end of 1806; the latter two groups moved to Mission San José during the 1810-1812 period. The first baptisms and emigration to the missions of each tribe were: Missionary linguist Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta obtained the only extant Bay Miwok vocabulary during a visit to Mission San Francisco in 1821. Estimates for the precontact populations of most native groups in

neg: Neighborhoods and districts of San Antonio Wells, Highland Hills, Indian Creek, Valley Hi, and Palo Alto. Four out of five of the city's historic missions are located on the south side along the San Antonio River besides the Alamo. They are San Jose, Concepcion, San Juan Capistrano, and San Francisco de la Espada. The River Walk is also extending into the south side and can now be seen all the way into Concepcion Park and is continuing to grow further outwards towards Military Drive. San Antonio's famous "Ghost Tracks" is located in the cities McCreless Meadows neighborhood near the intersection of Villamain Rd. and Shane. An

neg: San Mateo Creek (San Francisco Bay Area) Andrew. Palou's name was later applied to the San Andreas fault (misspelled) when the fault was discovered to be the creator of the valley. In 1776, the expedition led by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza, rather than stay on the coast as Portola had done, followed an inland route from Monterey, California established by Pedro Fages in 1770. De Anza descended the Santa Clara Valley to San Francisco Bay and followed its western shoreline up the peninsula to San Francisco. The de Anza party selected the sites for Mission San Francisco de Asís ("Mission Dolores") and the Presidio of San

neg: Los Siete de la Raza Los Siete de la Raza Los Siete de la Raza was the label given to seven young Latinos from the Mission District of San Francisco, California who were involved in an altercation with the police that resulted in the death of an officer in 1969. The incident and the subsequent trial became a "cause célèbre" of the Latin-American community and the New Left. All seven were acquitted. The young men were approached by Joe Brodnik and Paul McGoran, two plainclothes San Francisco Police Department officers, while moving a stereo or TV into a house at 429-433 Alvarado Street on May

neg: La Purisima Mission Purísima Mission State Historic Park, part of the California State Parks system, and along with Mission San Francisco de Solano is one of only two of the Spanish missions in California that is no longer under the control of the Catholic Church. It is currently the only example in California of a complete Spanish Catholic mission complex, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970. Mission La Purisima was originally established at a site known to the Chumash people as Algsacpi and to the Spanish as the plain of Rio Santa Rosa, one mile south of Lompoc. (During the

neg: Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) – the future city of San Francisco, California In 1779 Father Francisco Garcés was assigned to establish a mission at Yuma crossing of the Colorado River. In 1780 the Spanish established two combination missions and pueblos at the Yuma Colorado River Crossing of the Anza trail: Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer and Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción. Both these pueblos and missions were on the California side of the Colorado River near the mouth of the Gila River but were administered by the Arizona authorities. The settlement of Los Angeles, California involved

neg: History of California the way) started the cattle and horse raising industry in California. In California the cattle and horses had few enemies and plentiful grass in all but drought years. They essentially grew and multiplied as feral animals, doubling roughly every two years. The party started from Tubac, Arizona, on October 22, 1775 and arrived at San Francisco Bay on March 28, 1776. There they established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) --the future city of San Francisco. In 1780, the Spanish established two combination missions and pueblos at the Yuma Crossing:

neg: San Francisco in the 1970s industry, believing it to be demoralizing and demeaning to women., though some sex workers within San Francisco, such as Margo St. James, created sex-positive advocacy groups and lobbied for decriminalization of vice laws. Modern Latino Culture is represented by several artistic and cultural institutions in the Mission District. The "Mission Cultural Center" for Latino Arts was established in 1976 by Chicano (Mexican-American) artists to cater to the taste of all classes of all ages of the community and is considered the "epicenter of Latino culture." Galería de la Raza, which was founded here in 1970 by el Movimiento (the Chicano

neg: San Francisco de Conchos Conchos had Indians of all nations fences (conchos, toboscos, chizos, coahuileños, sisimbles, Tarahumares tepehuanes, etc.), which at different times were brought to the mission to live in peace "under hood". In this same mission I get to be more than 4,000 Indians settled in the shoal eye, San Gregorio River, Florido River and the junction of the Conchos and Florido rivers. San Francisco de Conchos It was founded by Fray Alonso de la Oliva in 1604 and is the second oldest state of Chihuahua after Santa Barbara town receives its name in honor of its patron saint San Francisco de

neg: San Agustín de la Isleta Mission San Agustín de la Isleta Mission San Agustín de la Isleta Mission, founded in 1622, was a Spanish Mission in what is now Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. It was a religious outpost established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. Isleta Pueblo is the name of two pueblos of the ancient Tiwa (Spanish: Tigua) tribe, connected culturally and by language to other tribes of the Tanoan language family. Older historians thought they were related distantly to Shoshonean peoples. The San Agustin de la Isleta Mission was founded on the older pueblo, on the

neg: Kathleen K. Gilmore included the missions of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, San Ildefonso, and San Francisco Xavier de Horcasitas, as well as the presidio of San Francisco Xavier de Gigedo. Successfully locating all three mission communities, using a Spanish survey from the time of the construction of the missions, and identifying the presidio site, the field work she conducted there became the basis of her master's thesis, "The San Xavier Mission: A Study in Historical Site Identification". After completing her master's degree in 1968, Gilmore contracted to work at several sites, focusing on Caddoan excavations around Lake Palestine and Rosario Mission for

neg: La Frontera, Chile established Santa Juana de Guadalcazar. In 1637, Francisco Laso de la Vega established fort "San Francisco de la Vega" near the ruined site of the city of Angol, abandoning fort "San Luis de Angol". In 1641, all the Spanish forts south of the Bio Bio were abandoned under the terms of the Peace of Quilín. In 1647, Martín de Mujica y Buitrón as a result of the Parliament of Quilín (1647) was able to reestablish forts at Valdivia, Santa Juana in 1648, and at Boroa in 1649. In 1657 Pedro Porter Casanate restored the city of San Bartolomé de Chillán

neg: San Antonio Missions National Historical Park Mission in San Antonio, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. In October 2013, the Mission Reach Ecosystem Restoration and Recreation project was completed, adding 15 miles of hiking, biking, and paddling trails to the San Antonio Missions. This project connects Mission Concepcion, Mission San Jose, Mission San Juan, and Mission Espada to the San Antonio Riverwalk, through a series of park portals. Visitors can experience the Missions by walking, bicycling, or using San Antonio's new VIVA Culture bus routes. The park was originally established in 1975 as the Mission Parkway on the National Register of Historic Places encompassing 84

neg: Mission San Francisco de Potano later part of the 17th century was located near San Francisco de Potano. Gabriel Diaz Vara Calderón, Bishop of Cuba, who visited the Florida missions in 1674-5, noted that the San Francisco mission was abandoned. However, a mission at San Francisco did exist at the beginning of the 18th century. Starting the 1680s and accelerating after 1700 during Queen Anne's War, the English of the Province of Carolina and various Indian tribes allied with them repeatedly attacked Spanish missions in Florida. After the destruction of the mission buildings at Santa Fé de Toloca (a few miles from San Francisco de

neg: Ohlone undermined the Ohlone social structures and way of life. Under Father Serra's leadership, the Spanish Franciscans erected seven missions inside the Ohlone region and brought most of the Ohlone into these missions to live and work. The missions erected within the Ohlone region were: Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo (founded in 1770), Mission San Francisco de Asís (founded in 1776), Mission Santa Clara de Asís (founded in 1777), Mission Santa Cruz (founded in 1791), Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (founded in 1791), Mission San José (founded in 1797), and Mission San Juan Bautista (founded in 1797). The Ohlone

neg: Presidio, Texas site and called the pueblo "San Juan Evangelista". By 1681, the area of Presidio was known as "La Junta de los Ríos", or the Junction of the Rivers. Five Jumano towns were located along the Rio Grande to the north of the junction, consisting largely of permanent houses. In 1683, Juan Sabeata, the chief of the Jumano nation, reported having seen a fiery cross on the mountain at Presidio and requested that a mission be established at La Junta. The settlement in 1684 became known as "La Navidad en Las Cruces". The missions La Navidad en las Cruces, San Francisco

neg: Rancho San Francisco San Francisco. The adobe headquarters of the rancho, and the site of the gold find (known today as the "Oak of the Golden Dream"), are designated California Historical Landmarks. The rancho included portions of the San Gabriel, Santa Susana, Topatopa, and Sierra Pelona Mountain ranges. After Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797, the administrators there realized they would need more land for agriculture and livestock, and they looked north to the Santa Clarita Valley to establish their "estancia", or mission rancho. Subsequently, the Tataviam who had been living there were relocated to the Mission, where they

neg: San Francisco de Conchos who would become Santa Cruz de Tepacolmes (Rosales), San Pablo (Meoqui), San Antonio (Julimes), San Lucas and San Pedro of Conchos on the banks of San Pedro. The founding of the mission would be these their villages farthest visit. In 1604 he founded the Mission San Francisco de los Naturales del Rio de las Conchas, Franciscan mission. The name in Castilian is due to the large number of small shells that had and there are still in bed. There also derives the name given to the inhabitants of its banks; Conchos river, Conchos Indians. En this Mission San Francisco de

neg: Sierra de San Borja sources. Tourists visit the San Francisco Borja Mission (founded 1762) and the extensive prehistoric rock art scattered throughout the mountains. The inhabitants of the Sierra de San Borja when first visited by Jesuit Catholic missionaries early in the 18th century were Cochimí Indians, nomadic hunter-gatherers. In 1752. the Jesuits established the Santa Gertrudis Mission at the southern end of the Sierra de San Borja and in 1762 the San Francisco de Borja Adac Mission, Adac being the name of the Cochimí rancheria settlement at the site. At their most active in the 1760s, each of the missions attracted about 1,700

neg: San Blas, Nayarit Pérez, and "El Principe", commanded by Vicente Vila. Gálvez ordered four new vessels to be built, one of which was the schooner "Sonora", later sailed in 1775 by Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra to Alaska. On March 16, 1775, the "San Carlos" was set to depart San Blas, Mexico, for San Francisco Bay, stopping in Monterey to unload supplies for the mission there. The vessel was a product of the shipyard established on the Santiago River. Her length was 58 feet, the officers and men numbered 30. The voyage was delayed 3 days, until the first officer, 30-year-old

neg: Battle of Concepción companies led by Captains Andrew Briscoe, Robert Coleman, Michael Goheen, and Valentine Bennet. The group took a northerly route, following the San Antonio River past Missions San Juan and San José. Along the way they encountered a small party of Mexican scouts, who retreated to Bexar after a brief skirmish. Approximately from San Antonio de Bexar and from the Texian camp at Espada, the Texian scouting party stopped at Mission Concepción. Five hundred yards (460 m) west of the mission, the San Antonio River curved in a small horseshoe shape, with the two sides of the river's curve approximately apart.

neg: Alameda Creek Alameda Creek Alameda Creek, originally Arroyo de la Alameda, is a large perennial stream in the San Francisco Bay Area. The creek runs for from a lake northeast of Packard Ridge to the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay by way of Niles Canyon and a flood control channel. Five Spanish expeditions led by de Portolà, Ortega, Fages, de Anza and Amador passed over Alameda Creek between 1769 and 1795. El Camino Viejo between Pleasanton and Mission Pass crossed it near Sunol. Mission San José, in Fremont, was dedicated in 1797. The Mission thrived for 49 years until the Mexican

neg: Juan Bautista de Anza Creek), which is useful only for travelers. Here we halted for the night, having come eight leagues in seven and a half hours. From this place we have seen at our right the estuary which runs from the port of San Francisco." Pressing on, Anza located the sites for the Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asis in present-day San Francisco, California on March 28, 1776. He did not establish the settlement; it was established later by José Joaquín Moraga. While returning to Monterey, he located the original sites for Mission Santa Clara de Asis and the

neg: San Bruno, California Spanish expedition led by Gaspar de Portolà. Later, more extensive explorations by Bruno de Heceta resulted in the naming of San Bruno Creek after St. Bruno of Cologne, the founder of a medieval monastic order. This creek apparently later gave its name to the community. With the establishment of the San Francisco de Asís (St. Francis of Assisi) mission, much of the area became pasture for the mission livestock. Following the decline of the missions, the area became part of Rancho Buri Buri granted to José de la Cruz Sánchez, the eleventh "Alcalde" (mayor) of San Francisco. After Jose Antonio

neg: Californio plentiful grass in all but drought years and essentially grew and multiplied as feral animals—doubling roughly every two years. They partially displaced the Tule Elk and pronghorn antelope who had lived there in large herds previously. Anza selected the sites of the Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís in what is now San Francisco; on his way back to Monterey, he sited Mission Santa Clara de Asís and the pueblo San Jose in the Santa Clara Valley but did not initially leave settlers to settle them. Mission San Francisco de Asís (or Mission Dolores), the sixth

neg: Mission San Francisco de Potano Hammock Preserve State Park ("San Felasco" is derived from the 18th-century Seminole pronunciation of "San Francisco"). The Potano Indians were enemies of the Spanish for some 30 years after the founding of St. Augustine in 1565. In 1597 the chiefs of the Potano and other Western Timucuan tribes had pledged allegiance to the governor of "la Florida" in St. Augustine. Franciscan missionaries began visiting Western Timucuan villages that year, but a rebellion in Guale Province disrupted missionary efforts in Florida for a decade; missionaries continued to make occasional visits, but permanent missions were not established, even though chiefs requested them

neg: Santa Fe de Toloca Fe de Toloca was established around 1610 or 1612, as Franciscan missionaries prepared to expand into territory north and west of the Santa Fe River. The mission probably was founded by the Franciscan Father Martín Prieto, who had established the nearby San Francisco de Potano mission. Like other Spanish missions in Florida, Santa Fe de Toloca would have been established in or near an existing Timucua village, belonging either to the Potano or the Northern Utina tribe. A village site next to the mission archeological site may have been Cholupaha, visited by the de Soto Expedition in 1539. As with

neg: Mission Concepcion Mission Concepcion Franciscan friars established Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña (also Mission Concepcion) in 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais in East Texas. The mission was originally meant to be a base for converting the Hasinai to Catholicism and teaching them what they needed to know to become Spanish citizens. The friars moved the mission in 1731 to San Antonio. After its relocation most of the people in the mission were Pajalats who spoke a Coahuiltecan language. Catholic Mass is still held every Sunday. On October 28, 1835, Mexican troops under

neg: Rancho San Julian with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to José de la Guerra in 1873. The official survey was about double the area of the six square league grant. José de la Guerra died in 1858. Severe drought and financial burdens forced the De la Guerra family to mortgage the property to Gaspar Oreña (1824–1904). In 1854, Gaspar Oreña had married his cousin, Antonia María de la Guerra, youngest daughter of José de la Guerra, after her husband Cesario Armand Lataillade (1819–1849) died. Oreña acquired Rancho La Espada and Rancho San Julian from the De la

neg: Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón, originally known as Mission de San Agustin del Tucson. It was located on the west side of the Santa Cruz River, at the base of Sentinel Peak or "A" Mountain in present-day Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. The mission would be built, near the Sobaipuri village of "Chuk Shon" meaning "at the foot of the black mountain", which Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino named "San Cosmé del Tucson". Here Father Kino established a visita or daughter church of Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1692. In 1768 the

neg: San Francisco de Conchos Municipality Presidio; in 1820, according to the Constitution of Cadiz, he elected local council. He was part of the Party of Allende (1826); Deputy Chief of Jimenez (1837); and Canton Jimenez (1847). The original name was the head San Francisco de Coyamus, founded in 1604 by the Franciscan Alonso de la Oliva on the banks of the Conchos River. In 1645 the mission was destroyed by the Indians who killed the missionaries Thomas & Zigarán and Francisco Labado. Sierra Lopez y Osorio, governor of Nueva Vizcaya, licensed sent repopulate in 1677, with the current name. When it is created in 1867

neg: San Ignacio, Paraguay San Ignacio, Paraguay San Ignacio (), also known as San Ignacio Guazú, is a city and district in the Misiones Department of Paraguay, located from Asunción. It was founded on December 29, 1609 by the Jesuit Priests Marcial de Lorenzana and Francisco de San Martín, accompany by Cacique (native word for “chief”) Arapysandú, who took them to his lands, where they built an altar and celebrated the first mass. The Jesuit Mission was established officially in 1610 with the name of “San Ignacio Guazú” so it wouldn’t be confused with another mission “San Ignacio Miní” in Misiones, Argentina. In February

neg: Guaycura Loreto Conchó mission near present day Loreto, Baja California Sur among the Monqui people who possibly spoke a Guaycura language. The first mission the Jesuits established among the Guaycura was the Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí at present day La Paz in 1720. Missions subsequently established among the Guaycura were Dolores (1721), Todos Santos (1733), and San Luis Gonzaga (1737). The Guaycura were initially resistant to the missionary endeavors of the Jesuits. In 1716, the first attempt, led by Jesuit Juan María de Salvatierra, to establish a mission and a Spanish settlement among the Guaycura

neg: Espada Cemetery Its boundaries included the present streets of San Lázaro, Vapor, Espada, and Aramburu. Despite being officially called'Campo Santo, the people of Havana referred to the cemetery as el Cementerio de Espada. The cemetery was closed in 1878 and only a small wall remains. The site of Espada Cemetery was between present day Calle Espada to the east and Calles Vapor and San Lazaro. The main cemetery entrance was on Calle San Lazaro, most of the funeral processions went down San Lazaro. The Hospital de San Lazaro had its entrance pediment facing present day Calle Marina, the area was the edge

neg: San Antonio Missions National Historical Park San Juan, and Mission Espada. The Espada Aqueduct, also part of the Park, is due east of Mission San Juan, across the river. The fifth (and best known) mission in San Antonio, the Alamo, is not part of the Park. It is located upstream from Mission Concepción, in downtown San Antonio, and is owned by the State of Texas. The Alamo was operated by the Daughters of the Republic of Texas until July 2015, when custodianship was turned over to the Texas General Land Office. On July 5, 2015, the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, along with the Alamo

neg: Felipe de Neve de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula" (The Pueblo of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of the River of Porciúncula), the present day city of Los Angeles, California. During Neve's tenure as governor, he quarreled constantly with the missionaries' leader, padre Junípero Serra, over the secularization of the Missions and the redistribution of land to the Mission Indian neophytes and soldiers. During his tenure four missions were founded: Mission San Francisco de Asís also called Mission Dolores (June 29, 1776), Mission San Juan Capistrano (November 1, 1776), Mission Santa Clara de Asís (January 12,

neg: San Agustín de la Isleta Mission spent 34 years (1891–1925) serving the community in Isleta; he was buried inside the church near the altar. San Agustín de la Isleta Mission San Agustín de la Isleta Mission, founded in 1622, was a Spanish Mission in what is now Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States. It was a religious outpost established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. Isleta Pueblo is the name of two pueblos of the ancient Tiwa (Spanish: Tigua) tribe, connected culturally and by language to other tribes of the Tanoan language family. Older historians thought they were related distantly

neg: Mission Tejas State Park The park lies just six miles from Caddo Mounds State Historic Site. The natives lived in villages stretched along San Pedro Creek and the Neches River. The park contains several known Caddo sites, but their location is not available to the public so that they may remain undisturbed. Mission San Francisco de los Tejas was established May 23, 1690 by Captain Alonzo de Leon and Father Massanet of the Franciscan Order. The Spanish spent three days building a church and small living quarters among the Tejas villages along San Pedro Creek. Another mission, Mission Santissimo Nombre de Maria, was established

neg: Hospital de San Lazaro, Havana the church inside the two-story building became a pilgrimage frequented by those suffering from leprosy and followers of San Lázaro or Babalú Ayé seeking spiritual solace. The site of San Lazaro Hospital was between present day Calles Vapor and San Lazaro, the hospital entrance faced present day Calle Marina. The hospital was close to the Espada Cemetery, the San Dionisio mental asylum, and La Casa de Beneficencia y Maternidad de La Habana, all were close to the Caleta de Juan Guillén. The quarry of San Lazaro where Jose Marti had been imprisoned in 1870, was to the west of Calle

neg: Sem-Yeto at the San Francisco Mission, where he learned Spanish. In the 1820s he reached manhood and became known as the leader of his people, "Sem-Yeto" or "Chief Solano." In 1823, Sem-Yeto moved to the present-day town of Sonoma, California, to help build and populate the Mission San Francisco de Solano, along with many of the Suisunes tribe who had grown up at the San Francisco Mission. Mission Solano was the final Franciscan mission north of the San Francisco Bay and built under Mexican rule. Traveling from the San Francisco Mission to the Sonoma Mission was a good move for Suisunes

neg: Francisco Garcés east; and the 1775-76 Anza Colonizing Expedition, which traveled as far north as San Francisco Bay. Garcés also crossed the Mojave Desert on the Mohave Trail and then the Old Tejon Pass and explored the southern San Joaquin Valley in 1776. The eastern part of the route Garcés took from the Colorado River across the Mojave Desert is known to four-wheel-drive adventurers today as the Mojave Road. In 1779-81 Garcés and Juan Diaz established two mission churches (Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción and Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer) on the lower Colorado River at Yuma Crossing, as