query: what are tiny pores present on the surface of leaf called

pos: Stoma and participatory plant breeding to find the best suited species such as heat and drought resistant crop varieties that could naturally evolve to the change in the face of food security challenges. Stoma In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomata (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening. The term is usually used collectively to refer

neg: Marchantia Marchantia Marchantia is a genus in the family Marchantiaceae of the order Marchantiales, a group of liverworts. The "Marchantia" shows differentiation into two layers: an upper assimilatory region and a lower storage region with a well-defined upper epidermis with air channels . The thallus features tiny cup-like structures called "gemmae cups", which are used for asexual reproduction. The combination of barrel-shaped pores and gemmae cups are diagnostic of the genus. Multicellular purple colored scales with single cell thickness and unicellular rhizoids are present on the ventral surface of the thallus. "Marchantia" can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves

neg: Hapalopilus nidulans body features a yellowish to brownish pore surface with tiny angular pores, from which spores are released. The toxic fruit bodies cause neurotoxic symptoms if ingested, an effect attributable to the compound polyporic acid, which is present in high concentrations. When an alkaline solution is placed on the fungus, the flesh turns violet. The fungus is used in mushroom dyeing to produce purple colors. The species was first described in 1791 by French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, who called it "Boletus suberosus". However, this name had been used previously by Carl Linnaeus (for a species now known as

neg: Capillary action field of paper-based microfluidics. In physiology, capillary action is essential for the drainage of continuously produced tear fluid from the eye. Two canaliculi of tiny diameter are present in the inner corner of the eyelid, also called the lacrimal ducts; their openings can be seen with the naked eye within the lacrymal sacs when the eyelids are everted. Wicking is the absorption of a liquid by a material in the manner of a candle wick. Paper towels absorb liquid through capillary action, allowing a fluid to be transferred from a surface to the towel. The small pores of a sponge

neg: Endomembrane system mutually exclusive processes and both may occur in cells. The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. It has two membranes, each a lipid bilayer with associated proteins. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and like that structure, features ribosomes attached to the surface. The outer membrane is also continuous with the inner nuclear membrane since the two layers are fused together at numerous tiny holes called nuclear pores that perforate the nuclear envelope. These pores are about 120 nm in diameter and regulate the passage of molecules between the

neg: Gustavia angustifolia forests of the coastal plain of Ecuador and Colombia. Pubescent leaves are beneficial in hot, dry environments such as these. The tiny hairs help to keep the leaves cool by reflecting light and casting tiny shadows on the leaf surface. In addition the hairs also provide a barrier between the leaf and the air thereby reducing the amount of exposed surface. Deflecting sunlight and decreasing exposed surface area of the leaf are both adaptations for preventing water loss in the plant. The flowers of this plant bloom in October and begin fruiting in November. While "Gustavia angustifolia" is the official

neg: Loweomyces fractipes becomes yellowish with age, at first finely tomentose, with age more adpressed and semi-glabrous, often somewhat wrinkled, usually azonate. When the stipe is present it is white to yellowish, measuring up to 4 cm long, and it is cylindric to flattened and expanded towards the cap. The colour of the pore surface is white to cream, and consists of tiny, angular pores numbering 4–5 per millimetre. The context in cap and stipe are white and comprise two layers: a hard inner or lower layer that is covered with a much looser layer, which may be agglutinated on the surface with

neg: Skeletocutis bicolor edges sticking out to form small caps up to 4 mm wide. It has a smooth, pale brown surface. The pore surface, or hymenium, comprises tiny angular pores that number 6–7 per mm. "Skeletocutis bicolor" has a dimitic hyphal system, meaning it has both generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae. The skeletal hyphae are covered with spiny crystals, especially in the dissepiments (the tissue between the pores)—a characteristic feature of the genus "Skeletocutis". The spores are spherical, hyaline (translucent), and measure 2.5–3 μm in diameter. Skeletocutis bicolor Skeletocutis bicolor is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It

neg: Phakopsora pachyrhizi many prominent, globe-like orifices. Urediniospores form from these pores. At initial stages, small yellow spots are formed on the surface of the leaf. These spots may be better observed using assistance of a light source. As the disease progresses, lesions start to form on the leaves, stems, pod, and petioles. Lesions are initially small, turning from gray to tan or brown as they increase in size and the disease gets more severe. Soon volcano-shaped marks are noticed in the lesions. "Phakopsora pachyrhizi" is a fungus which has a spore moved by wind, called urediniospore. These spores are quite different from

neg: Stomatal conductance pressure deficit, formula_30 is the leaf-surface CO concentration, formula_31 is the CO compensation point. formula_32 and formula_33 are empirical coefficients. Stomatal conductance By definition, stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, is the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide (CO) entering, or water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf. Stomata are small pores on the top and or bottom of a leaf that are responsible for taking in and expelling CO and moisture from and to the outside air. The rate of stomatal conductance, or its inverse, stomatal resistance, is directly related to the

neg: Urban forest are shaded in parking lots, evaporative emissions from fuel and volatilized plastics will be greatly reduced. The volatile components of asphalt pavement evaporate more slowly in shaded parking lots and streets. The shade not only reduces emissions, but reduces shrinking and cracking so that maintenance intervals can be lengthened. Less maintenance means less hot asphalt (fumes) and less heavy equipment (exhaust). The same principle applies to asphalt-based roofing. Trees also reduce pollution by actively removing it from the atmosphere. Leaf stomata, the pores on the leaf surface, take in polluting gases which are then absorbed by water inside the leaf.

neg: Vulpicida to dark yellow (resulting from usnic acid), sometimes greenish, often wrinkled or somewhat folded. The lower thallus surface is weakly yellow, with black central parts, and lacks pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the outer surface). The rhizinae (black hair-like strands that attach the lichen to their substrate) are laminal (originating from all across the thallus surface), almost never close to the margin and rather sparse, and either simple or irregularly branched. The apothecia (the fruit body of the lichen) are somewhat marginal (positioned on the edge or near the margin) or laminal, and comprise a brown disc with an often finely

neg: Meripilus giganteus body, as well as its pore surface that quickly darkens black when bruised or injured. The basidiocarps consist of numerous rosette-like flattened fan-shaped pilei; they are typically in diameter and high. The individual caps, up to diameter and thick, arise from a common basal stem.The color of the cap surface is pale tan to dull chestnut brown in young specimens but darkens in age to become concentric zones (zonate) of various shades of brown. The surface is also finely fibrillose with tiny scales (squamules). There are 3 to 6 pores per millimeter on the underside; the pore surface bruises brown

neg: Canna rust there are several known pieces. Urediniospores (or uredospores), asexual rust spores, have been discovered on the leaf surface. The color of the urediniospore can range from a golden to a yellow-orange, and are egg or pear shaped. The uredospores are responsible for the spread of the rust to new leaf tissue. Uredospores are subglobose to ovoid or pyriform, echinulate, and measure 25.74 to 37.18 x 17.16 to 27.17 μm, with thickened walls apical walls (1.3 to 1.6 μm) and one to two equatorial germ pores. In addition, the overwintering spores that produce basidiospores, also known as teliospores, have been located

neg: Hydathode in their cytoplasm; this may lead to the formation of a white powdery substance on the surface of the leaf. Hydathodes are of two types: Hydathode A hydathode is a type of pore, commonly found in angiosperms, that secretes water through pores in the epidermis or leaf margin, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration. Hydathodes occur in the leaves of submerged aquatic plants such as "Ranunculus fluitans" as well as herbaceous plants of drier habitats such as "Campanula rotundifolia". They are connected to the plant vascular system by a vascular bundle. Hydathodes are commonly seen in

neg: Corybas despectans Israelite Bay. Corybas despectans Corybas despectans, commonly known as the tiny helmet orchid or sandhill helmet orchid is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to southern Australia. It has round or heart-shaped leaf and a tiny reddish purple flower. Unlike many others in the genus, the dorsal sepal does not cover the labellum. It is similar to "C. incurvus" but the flowers are smaller. "Corybas despectans" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single round or heart-shaped leaf long and wide. The leaf is green on the upper surface and silvery green on the lower side. There is a

neg: Corybas despectans Corybas despectans Corybas despectans, commonly known as the tiny helmet orchid or sandhill helmet orchid is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to southern Australia. It has round or heart-shaped leaf and a tiny reddish purple flower. Unlike many others in the genus, the dorsal sepal does not cover the labellum. It is similar to "C. incurvus" but the flowers are smaller. "Corybas despectans" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single round or heart-shaped leaf long and wide. The leaf is green on the upper surface and silvery green on the lower side. There is a single erect,

neg: Boletus subluridellus of the fruit body (cap surface, flesh, pores, and stipe) will quickly stain blue when injured or touched. The spore print is olive-brown. Spores are somewhat fuse-shaped in face view, and inequilateral in profile view. They have a smooth surface, a tiny apical pore, and dimensions of 11–15 by 4–5.5 μm, with walls about 0.2 μm thick. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 8–12 μm thick. Pleurocystidia (on the tube walls) are 28–42 by 6–11 μm with a 3–μm neck, whereas the cheilocystidia (on the pore edges) are narrowly club-shaped and slightly smaller, measuring 26–38 by 4–8

neg: Dorstenia or feathered. Usually the leaf edges are perforated or notched. The ever-present stipulae are also variable in shape. Usually they are leathery, sometimes large, leaf-like and durable or sometimes small, awl-shaped and quickly falling off. The most striking characteristic of "Dorstenia" is their reproductive structure, called pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower") or in "Moraceae" hypanthium, which is composed of clusters of tiny unisexual flowers on a disc- or cup-shaped receptacle that are often adorned with bracts of various sizes and shapes. The pseudanthiums can be planar, convex, concave, round, oval, square, lobed, twig, star, boot, or tongue-shaped. Their color varies

neg: Pheretima Pheretima Pheretima is a genus of earthworms found mostly in New Guinea and parts of Southeast Asia. Species belonging to the genus Pheretima have a clitellum, which is a band of glandular tissue present on segments 14 to 16. Individuals are hermaphroditic and reproduction can be either sexual or parthenogenetic. Female genital pores lie on the ventral surface of segment 14. A pair of male genital pores is situated ventrally on segment 18. Genital papiliae may also be present ventrally. As with all earthworms, development of young is without a larval stage and takes place in cocoons. Pheretima are generally

neg: Fomitopsis pinicola frequently with orange margin. The pore surface is pale yellow to leather-brown, 3–4 pores per mm. It grows as thick shelves on live and dead coniferous or (less common) deciduous trees. The fruiting body of "Fomitopsis pinicola" is called the "conk". It is a woody, pileate fruiting body with pores lined with basidia on its underside. As in other polypores, the fruiting body is perennial with a new layer of pores produced each year on the bottom of the old pores. The pores are whitish when young and become somewhat brownish in age. This mushroom is inedible due to its

neg: Psychotria viridis next item). The leaves are borne on petioles (i.e., leaf stalks) generally long. When dry, the leaves of "Psychotria viridis" usually are gray or reddish brown and are similar to those of a few other New World species of "Psychotria". These are small pockets found on the lower leaf surface near the junction of the secondary (i.e., side) veins with the central vein. They function as shelter for tiny invertebrates such as mites that live on the plant leaf. These mites apparently often are symbiotic with the plant, taking shelter in these structures and eating fungi and herbivorous invertebrates that

neg: Insect olfaction (action potentials) in response to binding of odors to cell surface proteins like the insect pheromone-binding protein. The sensory neurons in the antenna and maxillary send this information via their axons to the antennal lobe, while sensory neuron in the labella send this information via axons to the subesophageal ganglion. Inside the antennal lobe they synapse with other neurons in semidelineated (with membrane boundaries) structures called glomeruli. Specifically the process is as follows: first the odorant wafts towards an insects antenna or maxillary palp which is covered with hair like projections called sensilla. The odorant then enters through tiny pores

neg: Oilite rose to 18 million in 1933. Oilite was a profit center for Chrysler during this time. Currently, the Oilite trademark belongs to Beemer Precision. Oilite is formed using powder metallurgy so that tiny pores are present in the metal. The pores are then vacuum impregnated with an oil to improve the material’s bearing ability. The material holds approximately 20% oil by volume. The most common lubricant is SAE 30 oil. Due to the porous structure, machining Oilite poses a special situation. To machine Oilite, the cutting tool must be—and stay—sharp; therefore, tungsten carbide is often used. The sharp tool preserves

neg: Pheretima been recognized for its curative effects in the treatment of epilepsy. It contains hypoxanthine, lumbrofebrin, and lumbritin. Pheretima Pheretima is a genus of earthworms found mostly in New Guinea and parts of Southeast Asia. Species belonging to the genus Pheretima have a clitellum, which is a band of glandular tissue present on segments 14 to 16. Individuals are hermaphroditic and reproduction can be either sexual or parthenogenetic. Female genital pores lie on the ventral surface of segment 14. A pair of male genital pores is situated ventrally on segment 18. Genital papiliae may also be present ventrally. As with all

neg: Daedaleopsis confragosa upper surface is broadly convex to flat, dry, smooth to somewhat hairy, and usually has concentric zone lines. Its color ranges from reddish brown to brown to grayish, sometimes becoming blackish in maturity. The cap surface may have an umbo at the point of attachment to the substrate. Fruit bodies are leathery to corky when moist, but become hard and rigid when dry. The flesh is white to pinkish to brownish and tough. The underside of the fruit bodies features tiny pores measuring about 0.5–1.5 mm in diameter. They are white to tan to brown, but will develop pinkish or

neg: Impatiens The invasive alien "Impatiens glandulifera" is commonly called Policeman's helmet in the UK. Most "Impatiens" species are annual or perennial herbs with succulent stems. Only a few woody species exist. Plant size varies dependent of the species from five centimetres to 2.5 meters. Stems are often rooting when becoming in contact with the soil. The leaves are entire, often dentate or sinuate with extra floral nectarines. Dependent of the species leaves can be thin to succulent. Particularly on the underside of the leaves, tiny air bubbles are trapped over and under the leaf surface, giving them a silvery sheen that

neg: Hydrogen storage adsorbed onto the surface of the pores by physisorption. Compared to traditional zeolites and porous carbon materials, MOFs have very high number of pores and surface area which allow higher hydrogen uptake in a given volume. Thus, research interests on hydrogen storage in MOFs have been growing since 2003 when the first MOF-based hydrogen storage was introduced. Since there are infinite geometric and chemical variations of MOFs based on different combinations of SBUs and linkers, many researches explore what combination will provide the maximum hydrogen uptake by varying materials of metal ions and linkers. In 2006, chemists at UCLA and

neg: Leaf to be isobilateral. Most leaves have distinct upper surface (') and lower surface (') that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax and other features. Leaves can have many different shapes, sizes and textures. The broad, flat leaves with complex venation of flowering plants are known as "megaphylls" and the species that bear them, the majority, as broad-leaved or megaphyllous plants. In the clubmosses, with different evolutionary origins, the leaves are simple (with only a single vein) and are known as microphylls. Some leaves, such as

neg: Nelumbo name to what is called the lotus effect. Ultrahydrophobicity involves two criteria: a very high water contact angle between the droplet of water and the leaf surface, and a very low roll-off angle. This means that the water must contact the leaf surface at exactly one, miniscule point, and any manipulation of the leaf by changing its angle will result in the water droplet rolling off of the leaf. Ultrahydrophobicity is conferred by the usually dense layer of papillae on the surface of the "Nelumbo" leaves, and the small, robust, waxy tubules that protrude off each papillae. This helps reduce

neg: Eremophila homoplastica Eremophila homoplastica Eremophila homoplastica is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a small shrub with many fine, tangled branches, tiny leaves and purple to lilac-coloured flowers. "Eremophila homoplastica" is a shrub growing to a height of less than with many thin, tangled branches. The leaves are arranged alternately and are pressed against the branches, long, wide, oblong in shape, with a wrinkled, lumpy surface. The leaf attachment is between the leaf and the branch. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a long stalk. There are 5 green,

neg: Durio graveolens leaf scales are peltate (shield-shaped), ciliate-radiated (fringed), and deeply-lobed in three to five parts. In addition to the scales,e long strands of stellate hairs and other trichomes of varying size form a soft tomentose (fuzzy) surface. The leaf midrib is very prominent on the underside and forms a crease on top. The leaf stipules are caducous (drop early). Leaves have 10-12 lateral veins per side (with some smaller ones intermixed), which are tiny and superficial above and more distinct, but still barely visible. The petiole is very large, long, and tumescent (swollen) from the middle up. Flowers grow on the

neg: Bacterial leaf streak stretch the entire leaf blade. BLS exhibits similar symptoms to those of "Septoria nodorum", a common fungal infection. A common sign that will distinguish this pathogen from "Septoria nodorum" is the lack of spores on the leaves, which appears as tiny black spots on the leaf surface with a "Septoria" infection. A cream to yellow colored bacterial ooze produced by BLS infected plant parts is also a distinguishing sign of the pathogen. Infected glumes, known as black chaff, are darkened and necrotic. Severe symptoms will result in kernels that are discolored due to black and purple streaks. Plants infected with

neg: Incognitoolithus branching and unbranching pores. The openings of these pores on the surface of the eggshell matches the "aepyornithid" type: Pores open in small pits or in grooves which may accommodate multiple pore openings. The pore arrangement and structure of "Incognitoolithus" is similar to that of "Aepyornis". The microstructure and lack of ornamentation are similar to modern ratite eggs. However, since no embryonic remains or parental remains were found with "Incognitoolithus", it is impossible to infer what kind of bird laid the eggs. Multiple fragments of "Incognitoolithus" have been found with holes interpreted as peck marks. While it is possible that

neg: Suchoolithus thousands of tiny calcium carbonate crystal units; in "S. portucalensis", these eggshell units are trapezoidal, tightly packed, and wider than they are tall. Russo "et al." 2017 did not observe any pores openings on the eggshell's surface, though a possible pore canal was observed in one section of the shell. Fossil crocodylian eggs are generally rare, though they have been discovered worldwide (excepting Antarctia and Australia). In 2008, the Portuguese paleontologist Octávio Mateus discovered a fossilized egg clutch at the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal that would later become holotype of "Suchoolithus". These eggs were first described in 2014 by Russo,

neg: Riccia Riccia Riccia is a genus of liverworts in the order Marchantiales. These plants are small and thallose, that is not differentiated into root, stem and leaf. Depending on species, the thallus may be strap-shaped and about 0.5 to 4 mm wide with dichotomous branches or may form rosettes or hemirosettes up to 3 cm in diameter, that may be gregarious and form intricate mats. The thallus is dorsiventrally differentiated. Its upper (dorsal) surface is green and chlorophyll-bearing, with a mid-dorsal longitudinal sulcus (furrow or groove). Air pores occasionally break through the dorsal surface, giving the thallus a dimpled appearance. The

neg: Riccia perform photosynthesis. Riccia Riccia is a genus of liverworts in the order Marchantiales. These plants are small and thallose, that is not differentiated into root, stem and leaf. Depending on species, the thallus may be strap-shaped and about 0.5 to 4 mm wide with dichotomous branches or may form rosettes or hemirosettes up to 3 cm in diameter, that may be gregarious and form intricate mats. The thallus is dorsiventrally differentiated. Its upper (dorsal) surface is green and chlorophyll-bearing, with a mid-dorsal longitudinal sulcus (furrow or groove). Air pores occasionally break through the dorsal surface, giving the thallus a dimpled

neg: Leccinum rugosiceps pores are present as conspicuous pleuro- and cheilocystidia. The cap cuticle is present as a hymeniform layer. Clamp connections are absent. Several chemical tests can be used to help verify an identification of "L. rugosiceps". A drop of ammonium hydroxide solution turns the cap cuticle a reddish color or is unreactive, and yellow or unreactive on the flesh. A drop of dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH) turns the cap surface red, and the flesh yellowish to orangish. Application of iron (II) sulphate solution produces a gray color on the cap surface, and greenish-gray to olive coloration on the flesh. The Costa

neg: Suillus luteus has a distinctive conical shape, later flattening out. It is slimy to the touch, bare, smooth, and glossy even when dry, and the cuticle is easily peeled off. The tiny, circular pores of the tubes are initially yellow but turn olive to dark yellow with maturity. Like the skin of the cap, they can be readily peeled away from the flesh. Tubes comprising the hymenophore on the underside of the cap are deep, with an attachment to the stipe ranging from adnate to somewhat decurrent. The pores are tiny, numbering 3 per mm in young specimens and 1–2 per mm

neg: Dinosaur egg bone, calcium phosphate, and eventually vomited out of the animal's system. These "stomach stones" tend to range in size from 1 to 6 centimeters. Larger sizes are known but very rare. Sometimes tiny dimples cover the surface of a stomach stone, which can fool observers into thinking they are the pores of an egg. Fossil egg expert Ken Carpenter has described stomach stones as the most egg-like natural objects, noting that they are "the trickiest [egg-like] objects to correctly identify". Calculi are so egg-like that on one occasion a detailed description of a stomach stone misidentified as a fossil egg

neg: Oak wilt and are mostly preventative as well. Oak wilt is an important disease of oak for timber production and of oak trees in urban areas. Oak wilt affects all oak species, but affects the two main groups, red and white oaks, differently. Oaks in North and Central America are sorted into two groups based mostly upon porosity and corresponding leaf shape. The white oak group have rounded leaf edges and the pores are clogged with tyloses. The red oak group have pointed leaf edges and pores are large and open/not clogged. Because of this difference in porosity, red oak group trees

neg: Frost weathering the pressure is exerted on the rock. These conditions are considered unusual, restricting it to a process of importance within a few centimeters of a rock's surface and on larger existing water-filled joints in a process called "ice wedging". Not all volumetric expansion is caused by the pressure of the freezing water; it can be caused by stresses in water that remains unfrozen. When ice growth induces stresses in the pore water that breaks the rock, the result is called hydrofracture. Hydrofracturing is favoured by large interconnected pores or large hydraulic gradients in the rock. If there are small pores,

neg: Myoporum petiolatum lighter lower surface. The leaf margins have tiny serrations. The flowers are borne in leaf axils in clusters of 2 to 5 on stalks long. There are 5 narrow triangular sepals and 5 petals forming a tube with spreading lobes on the end. The petals are white with a slight lilac flush and purple spots on the lobes and in the tube. The tube is long and the lobes are long. The fruit is a succulent, rounded, yellow-green drupe about in diameter. "Myoporum petiolatum" was first formally described by taxonomist Bob Chinnock in "Eremophila and allied genera: a monograph of

neg: Mycena atkinsoniana Mycena atkinsoniana Mycena atkinsoniana is a species of agaric fungus in the Mycenaceae family. It is one of the so-called "bleeding mycenas" that will ooze yellow to orange juice when injured. Other distinguishing features include the upper stem surface that is decorated with tiny purplish-brown fibers, and the gills, which are pale yellow with maroon edges. The reddish-brown caps are smooth with a grooved margin, and up to wide. "Mycena atkinsoniana" is known from the United States and Canada, where it grows scattered or in groups on leaf litter in forests during the summer and autumn. It was originally described

neg: Cloud condensation nuclei Cloud condensation nuclei Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses. Water requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition from a vapour to a liquid; this process is called condensation. In the atmosphere, this surface presents itself as tiny solid or liquid particles called CCNs. When no CCNs are present, water vapour can be supercooled at about −13°C (8°F) for 5–6 hours before droplets spontaneously form (this is the basis of the cloud chamber for detecting subatomic particles).

neg: Jugemu versions of the game. In a similar reference, the eggs Lakitu drop, which turn into Spinies, are referred to as "Paipo" in Japan, despite only being referred to as "Spiny's Eggs" or "Spiny Eggs" in English. The spiked balls thrown by Spikes and blown in the air by Ptooies are called "shūringan" in another reference. Jugemu's full name is being quoted in the song "Jousha Hissui No Kotowari, Okotowari (盛者必衰の理、お断り)" by Japanese rock band KANA-BOON. Jugemu (#40) is a colossal underground monster appearing to be only a tiny twig with a single leaf on the surface in the video game

neg: Cirsium The radially symmetrical disc flowers are at the end of the branches and are visited by many kinds of insects, featuring a generalised pollination syndrome. They have erect stems and prickly leaves, with a characteristic enlarged base of the flower which is commonly spiny. The leaves are alternate, and some species can be slightly hairy. Extensions from the leaf base down the stem, called wings, can be lacking ("Cirsium arvense"), conspicuous ("Cirsium vulgare"), or inconspicuous. They can spread by seed, and also by rhizomes below the surface ("Cirsium arvense"). The seed has tufts of tiny hair, or pappus, which can

neg: Valdiviathyris quenstedti the valves of "V. quenstedti" each carry two processes on both sides of the midline approximately at its centre, which may grow to almost 1mm long. During the growth of this brachiopod their shape changes from thorns on the inner surface, via tapering cylinders at an angle to the valve and slightly divergin mid-size, to transversely flattened, sub-parallel and erect. These are not the support of the lophophores, which are located to the side of these processes. The dorsal valve contains many pores (or punctae) in radial rows with tiny ridges between them. These punctae entirely perforate the shell, and

neg: Perenniporia stipitata in the genus "Perenniporia". The cap surface is smooth, and ochre to pale brown in colour. The pores on the cap underside are tiny, measuring 8 to 10 per millimetre. It has a dimitic hyphal system with clamps in the generative hyphae; the skeletal hyphae are thick-walled and have a strong dextrinoid reaction with Melzer's reagent. Spores are more or less spherical to truncate, thick-walled, and measure 5–6 by 3–4 μm. Perenniporia stipitata Perenniporia stipitata is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 1987 by Norwegian mycologist

neg: Sparganophilus capillaries and having the male pores far behind the female pores. They were at one time placed in the earthworm family Glossoscolecidae, but at present are considered to constitute their own family. "Sparganophilus" species are commonly found in mud next to rivers and streams. They feed in the low oxygen mud and organic material, but with their highly vascularized posterior region on or near the surface. "Sparganophilus" has no accepted common name. Sparganophilus Sparganophilus, the only genus in the family Sparganophilidae, is a group of long, slender, limicolous (mud-dwelling) earthworms native to North America. The number of species is unknown,

neg: Surface tension biomimetics gear. Various species of floating fern are able to sustain a liquid-solid barrier of air between the fern and the surrounding water when they are submerged. Like the lotus leaf, floating fern species have tiny hierarchical structures that prevent water from wetting the plant surface. Mayser and Barthlott demonstrated this ability by submerging different species of the floating fern salvinia in water inside a pressure vessel to study how the air barrier between the leaf and surrounding water react to changes in pressure that would be similar to those experienced by the hull of a ship. Much other research is

neg: Tylopilus alboater stain pink to reddish gray, and eventually turn black. Spores are produced in basidia that are arranged in a vertically arranged layer of minute tubes on the underside of the cap that create a surface of pores. This surface is whitish when young before turning dull pink or flesh-colored in maturity. When bruised, the pore surface initially stains reddish and slowly turns black. The shape of the pores is angular to irregular, and they are small, with roughly two pores per millimeter. The tubes are deep, and usually sunken around the area of attachment to the stem. The stem is

neg: Dinosaur egg classification by developing a system of "parataxonomy" based on the traditional Linnaean system which classified eggs based on their physical qualities rather than their hypothesized mothers. Zhao's new method of egg classification was hindered from adoption by Western scientists due to language barriers. However, in the early 1990s Russian paleontologist Konstantin Mikhailov brought attention to Zhao's work in the English language scientific literature. Fossil dinosaur eggshell fragments can be recognized based on three important traits. Their thickness should be roughly uniform, they are usually slightly curved, and their surface is covered in tiny pores. Less frequently, the concave underside of

neg: Acianthus exiguus Acianthus exiguus Acianthus exiguus, commonly known as tiny mosquito orchid, is a flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New South Wales in Australia. It is a terrestrial herb with a single, heart-shaped leaf and up to five translucent greenish-white flowers with pinkish markings and is found growing in forests on the north coast of the state. "Acianthus exiguus" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a single heart-shaped, glabrous, dark green leaf which is light reddish-purple on its lower surface. The leaf is long, wide on a stalk high. There are up to five

neg: Polyporus alveolaris and white. Tubes are radially elongates, with the pore walls breaking down in age. The pores are large—compared to other species in this genus—typically 0.5–3 mm wide, angular (diamond-shaped) or hexagonal; the pore surface is a white to buff color. The stipe, if present, is 0.5–2 cm long by 1.5–5 mm thick, placed either laterally or centrally, and has a white to tan color. The pores extend decurrently on the stipe. The spore deposit is white. Spores are narrowly elliptical and smooth, hyaline, with dimensions of 11–14.5 × 4–5 µm. The basidia are club-shaped and four-spored, with dimensions of 28–42

neg: Retrophyllum horizontal plane around the shoot. The leaf petioles in "Retrophyllum" are uniquely twisted on the lateral shoots in opposite directions on each side of a shoot orienting the leaf blades with the adaxial or ventral surface upwards on one side of the shoot and the abaxial or dorsal surface upwards on the opposite side of the shoot. The leaf blade varies in shape from lanceolate to narrowly ovate. The leaves have conspicuous midribs and are amphistomatic with stomata present on both sides. "Retrophyllum" are dioecious with male pollen cones and female seed cones on separate individual trees. The male pollen

neg: Polypore fused together. Their sides are covered with a spore-forming surface, the hymenium. The tubes offer shelter for developing spores and help to increase the area of the spore-producing surface. Pore size and shape vary a lot between species, but little within a species – some "Hexagonia" spp. have 5 mm wide pores whereas pores of "Antrodiella" spp. are invisible to naked eye with 15 pores per mm. Generally the larger the pores, the larger the spores. A few polypores produce asexual spores (chlamydospores or conidia) in the upper surface of their cap (e.g. "Echinopora aculeifera", "Oligoporus ptychogaster") or without the

neg: Surface tension biomimetics Surface tension biomimetics Surface tension is one of the areas of interest in biomimetics research. Surface tension forces will only begin to dominate gravitational forces below length scales on the order of the fluid's capillary length, which for water is about 2 millimeters. Because of this scaling, biomimetic devices that utilize surface tension will generally be very small, however there are many ways in which such devices could be used. A is well known for its ability to repel water and self-clean. Yuan and his colleagues fabricated a negative mold of alotus leaf from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to capture the tiny

neg: John Davy (chemist) 1840 he produced nine volumes on the collected works of his brother. In 1842 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Thomas Charles Hope. In 1863 he discovered that eggshells have about 8,000 pores that are large enough for oxygen to flow in and carbon dioxide to flow out by pumping pressurized air into an underwater egg and watching thousands of tiny bubbles appear on the surface of the shell. Davy returned to England, and moved to the Lake District where he died at Lasketh-How near Ambleside on 24 January 1868. For "Rees's

neg: Coccotrema maritimum the water. The outer surface of "C.maritimum" is scattered with hemispherical nitrogen-fixing structures (cephalodia) that are pinkish to brownish–grey in colour. As in other lichens, Coccotrema species can reproduce sexually by generating tiny spores. Six to eight spores can be found per ascus (a sac where spores develop). Asci are arranged in two rows with thin, smooth walls; they are initially colourless but become red-brown with age. The asci are stored in the hymenial cavity which is often slightly depressed with a pink or orange tint. Paraphyses (microscopic structures) are long, unbranched, and slender, and can be found lining pores

neg: Lophosoria quadripinnata clade). Also present are the pneumathodes (discrete vent lines, or patches, present on the rachis, petiole and rhizome, whose function is facilitating gas exchange in the dense tissue), which are characteristic of the tree fern clade. The sori, without indusia (covering), are located on the abaxial (lower) surface, on the veins of the last pinnae. The leaf margin does not form part of an indusium, as in other Dicksoniaceae. The sori have numerous hairs (called "filiform paraphyses") between the sporangia. The characteristics and position of the sori are unique and can be used to identify the species. Like all Polypodiopsidas,

neg: Sporangium heterosporous with two kinds of sporangia, as are all the seed plants. Sporangia can be terminal (on the tips) or lateral (placed along the side) of stems or associated with leaves. In ferns, sporangia are typically found on the abaxial surface (underside) of the leaf and are densely aggregated into clusters called sori. Sori may be covered by a structure called an indusium. Some ferns have their sporangia scattered along reduced leaf segments or along (or just in from) the margin of the leaf. Lycophytes, in contrast, bear their sporangia on the adaxial surface (the upper side) of leaves or

neg: Eremophila crenulata Their most distinctive feature is their margins which are wavy and have rounded teeth. There is a distinct mid-rib on the lower surface and the upper surface has tiny dents. The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils on stalks long which are more or less hairy. There are 5 cream-coloured to reddish purple sepals which are variable in size and shape but mostly long. The petals are long and joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is white to lilac-coloured on the outside and white with lilac or purple spots inside.

neg: Stoma number of stomata on both leaf surfaces. In plants with floating leaves, stomata may be found only on the upper epidermis and submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely. Most tree species have stomata only on the lower leaf surface. Leaves with stomata on both the upper and lower leaf are called amphistomatous leaves; leaves with stomata only on the lower surface are hypostomatous, and leaves with stomata only on the upper surface are epistomatous or hyperstomatous. Size varies across species, with end-to-end lengths ranging from 10 to 80 µm and width ranging from a few to 50 µm. Carbon dioxide,

neg: Hypericum persistent. Some species in sections "Campylosporus" and "Brathys" have an auricle-like, reflexed leaf base, whereas true auricles only exist in sections "Drosocarpium", "Thasia", and "Crossophyllum". Laminar venation is highly variable, being dichotomous to pinnate to densely reticulate. Leaves are typically ovoid to elongate to linear in shape. Leaves are typically shorter than the internodes. Pale or dark glands can be present on or near the leaf margin and on the main leaf surface. Typically there are four or five sepals, though in section "Myriandra" there are rarely three. When five sepals are present they are quincuncial, and when four sepals

neg: Skeletocutis brevispora Skeletocutis brevispora Skeletocutis brevispora is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was described as new to science in 1998 by Finnish mycologist Tuomo Niemelä. The fruit bodies of this fungus are crust-like with a waxy texture. Its dimensions are usually small, with a thickness of up to 2 mm, and a length typically no more than . The pore surface is cream-white when fresh, but dries to a pale yellow or pale orange colour. The pores are tiny and angular, usually numbering 6–8 per mm. The fungus has a dimitic hyphal system, meaning that it

neg: Anthoceros "Pellia". It is differentiated into a foot, a constriction like intermediate zone and a capsule. There is no seta. It arises in clusters from the dorsal surface of the thallus each surrounded at the base a tubular involucre. "Anthoceros" species are host to species of "Nostoc", a symbiotic relationship in which "Nostoc" provides nitrogen to its host through cells known as heterocysts, and which are able to carry out photosynthesis. The "Nostoc" colonies are present on the lower ventral surface and are visible as blue-green patches which open outwards by slime pores. This hornwort grows in moist clay soils on

neg: Iteomyia major bay willow ("S. pentandra"), bitter willow ("S. elaeagnos"), dark-leaved willow ("S. myrsinifolia"), eared willow ("S. aurita"), goat willow ("S. caprea"), gray willow ("S. glauca"), grey willow ("S. cinerea), purple willow ("S. purpurea"), tea-leaved willow ("S. phylicifolia") and woolly willow ("S. lanata"). "Iteomyia capreae" galls are small, hard, green pouches, up to 4 mm in diameter and, as they mature, have a reddish or purplish tinge. They are not as prominent on the lower leaf surface, having red-rimmed conical pores. Recorded from Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the Netherlands. Iteomyia major Iteomyia major is a gall midge which forms

neg: Stoma in the closing of the stomatal pores. Guard cells have more chloroplasts than the other epidermal cells from which guard cells are derived. Their function is controversial. The degree of stomatal resistance can be determined by measuring leaf gas exchange of a leaf. The transpiration rate is dependent on the diffusion resistance provided by the stomatal pores, and also on the humidity gradient between the leaf's internal air spaces and the outside air. Stomatal resistance (or its inverse, stomatal conductance) can therefore be calculated from the transpiration rate and humidity gradient. This allows scientists to investigate how stomata respond to

neg: Surface tension into a micro-thin layer over the surface. Such a surface is said to be fully wettable by the liquid. In day-to-day life all of us observe that a stream of water emerging from a faucet will break up into droplets, no matter how smoothly the stream is emitted from the faucet. This is due to a phenomenon called the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, which is entirely a consequence of the effects of surface tension. The explanation of this instability begins with the existence of tiny perturbations in the stream. These are always present, no matter how smooth the stream is. If the

neg: Driving glove Driving glove A driving glove is a hand covering, typically constructed of very thin, soft leather, used to give a driver increased control of the vehicle through enhanced grip of the steering wheel and gear stick. The grain present on the leather and the pores present in the leather give the gloves the unique ability to assist the wearer as he or she grips the steering wheel and gear stick. As soft as a leather glove may be, its pores and grain provide a level of friction when "gripped" against an item or surface. The gloves usually have separate sheaths

neg: Flash freezing process called nucleation. Because of the speed and size of nucleation, which occurs within nanoseconds and nanometers. The surface environment does not play a decisive role in the formation of ice and snow. The density fluctuations inside drops result in that the possible freezing regions cover the middle and the surface regions. The freezing from the surface or from within may be random. However, in the strange world of water, tiny amounts of liquid water theoretically still are present, even as temperatures go below minus 48 C (minus 55 F) and almost all the water has turned solid, either into

neg: Cliona viridis ostioles (inhalent pores) projecting. The osculi are a few millimetres wide and are yellowish-green or light brown with pale rims. The ostioles are grouped together on flat-topped, sieve-like protuberances which may be white, yellow or brownish-green. The colour is due to the zooxanthellae which are present in the tissues. The exterior appearance of this sponge in its later growth stages is a smooth mosaic-like surface composed of a firm, tough material. Beneath this surface are galleries excavated by the sponge which are up to in diameter. The whole sponge may be a globose structure some in diameter. "Cliona viridis" is

neg: Utricularia inflata up to one meter long or longer but are only 1–2 mm thick. The stolons are glabrous with 1–5 cm between branched divisions. Occasionally the stolons will produce floating air shoots at the water's surface and tuber-like organs in the substrate. Its filiform leaf-like structures appear to be additional branches off the main stolon and are tiny, filament-like structures that are not true leaves, though the terminology is often disputed among experts. The leaf structures are numerous and anywhere from 2–18 cm long, originating from the stolon base into two primary and unequal segments, which are further divided extensively into

neg: Rosaceae cyanogenic glycosides and production of sorbitol. Rosaceae can be trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. The herbs are mostly perennials, but some annuals also exist. The leaves are generally arranged spirally, but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or pinnately compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate. Paired stipules are generally present, and are a primitive feature within the family, independently lost in many groups of Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae). The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface) to the petiole. Glands or

neg: Gyroporus cyanescens pale olive, occasionally with darker streaks of color. Its surface is uneven, sometimes with wrinkles and pits. The cap margin is initially curved inward, and sometimes splits in maturity. The flesh is whitish to pale yellow, and has a brittle texture. On the underside of the cap, the pore surface is white to yellowish, sometimes with olive or tan tinges. There are roughly two circular pores per millimeter, and the tubes that comprise the pores are deep, but depressed around the top of the stem. Injury to the pores will cause them to stain first greenish yellow, then greenish blue

neg: Bucculatrix thurberiella widening. When the first instar is about completed an exit hole is cut through the upper epidermis and the larva leaves the inner tissue. When the feeding activities of this stage are finished the larva weaves a tiny circular web over some slight depression on the underside of the leaf. Second- and third-instar larvae feed on either the upper or the under surface. Bucculatrix thurberiella Bucculatrix thurberiella, the cotton leaf perforator, is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It was first described by August Busck in 1914. It is native to the south-western United States and northern Mexico. It is

neg: Nepenthes abgracilis The leaf base gradually narrows towards the stem, where it is around 1.3 cm wide. It clasps the stem for three-quarters to four-fifths of its circumference, having an angled insertion and forming wings 0.3–0.4 cm wide. These wings are shortly decurrent, terminating 0.9–1.2 cm below the leaf axil. Three to four longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. These originate from the leaf base and along the midrib, and run through the outer three-quarters of the leaf blade. They are visible only on the adaxial (upper) surface of the leaf. Pinnate veins are inconspicuous. The laminae, like

neg: Autumn leaf color autumn approaches, certain influences both inside and outside the plant cause the chlorophylls to be replaced at a slower rate than they are being used up. During this period, with the total supply of chlorophylls gradually dwindling, the "masking" effect slowly fades away. Then other pigments that have been present (along with the chlorophylls) in the cells all during the leaf's life begin to show through. These are carotenoids and they provide colorations of yellow, brown, orange, and the many hues in between. The carotenoids occur, along with the chlorophyll pigments, in tiny structures called plastids, within the cells of

neg: Kalanchoe beharensis different types of trichomes are an indicator of adaptation to a particular environment. On the leaf blade of "K. beharensis" there are trichomes of the non-glandular, bushy three-branched type. This type of trichome is dead, with evidence of tannin. "K. beharensis" trichomes are also characterized by striped cuticular ornamentation on their surface. Glandular trichomes are also present on the leaves, with more on petioles than on leaf blades, and more on the top of the leaf as opposed to the bottom. The genus "Kalanchoe" may reproduce asexually by producing plantlets on leaf margins, which when distributed on a suitable substrate

neg: Fallen Leaf Lake (California) on the east side of the lake and approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) above the lake's surface, and to Angora Lakes Resort. It also connects to US 50/SR 89 via Sawmill Road. Fallen Leaf Road continues south past privately owned homes following the lakeshore. Emigrant Road connects to Fallen Leaf Road approximately three miles from SR 89, and provides access to houses above the lake on the eastern slope. There is little commercial development at the lake other than the tiny Fallen Leaf Marina and Store at the southern extremity of the lake. The road winds around the south end

neg: Soil water oxygen atoms. When a field is flooded, the soil pore space is completely filled by water. The field will drain under the force of gravity until it reaches what is called field capacity, at which point the smallest pores are filled with water and the largest with water and gases. The total amount of water held when field capacity is reached is a function of the specific surface area of the soil particles. As a result, high clay and high organic soils have higher field capacities. The total force required to pull or push water out of soil is

neg: Asplenium rhizophyllum shiny at the base, becoming green above, and narrowly winged. Scales like those of the rhizome are present at the stipe base, changing to tiny club-shaped hairs above. The leaf blades are not subdivided, as in most other ferns, but are narrowly triangular to linear or lance-shaped. Their shape can be quite variable, even on the same plant. They measure from long and from across and have a leathery texture with sparse hairs, more abundant below than above. The rachis (leaf axis) is dull green in color and almost devoid of hairs. On the underside of the blade, the veins

neg: Marshall's pygmy chameleon Marshall's pygmy chameleon Marshall's pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon marshalli ), also called Marshall's leaf chameleon or Marshall's dwarf chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in the forests of Zimbabwe and Mozambique in Africa. It grows from and feeds on insects. When standing still, it resembles a leaf on a branch. The specific name, "marshalli", is in honor of British entomologist Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall. Marshall’s leaf chameleon is unmistakable. It is the only such tiny chameleon in its range (sympatric with "Chamaeleo dilepis quilensis", the flap-necked chameleon to a degree). This is a tiny species of , females being slightly

neg: Cladococcus viminalis Cladococcus viminalis Cladococcus viminalis is a species of radiolarians. This radiolarian, like all other radiolarians, can produce extremely complex silica tests of pores and spines that are laid down in an obvious geometric shape. The spines give this species buoyancy, while the pores provide a way for cell material called pseudopodia to escape this species's body. The pseudopodia engulf any food that gets trapped on the spines and carry it to the middle of the cell to be digested. This species is also a polycystine radiolarian. This species can be found in the Mediterranean Sea, near the ocean surface. It

neg: Melica minor Melica minor Melica minor is a species of grass endemic to Caucasus. The species is perennial and caespitose with long culms. The leaf-sheaths are tubular and are closed on one end with its surface being glabrous. The leaf-blades surface is the same but they are long and wide. The panicle is open, linear, long with smooth axis and have 2 fertile spikelets. Spikelets are obovate, solitary, long and are pediceled. The pedicels are filiform. Besides the pedicels, the spikelets have 2 fertile florets which are diminished at the apex. The sterile florets are also present and are barren, cuneate and

neg: Molecular sieve Cd. Due to the high selectivity for NH they have been successfully applied in the field to combat eutrophication and other effects in waterways due to excessive ammonium ions. 4Å molecular sieves have also been used to remove heavy metal ions present in water due to industrial activities. 5Å molecular sieves are often utilized in the petroleum industry, especially for the purification of gas streams and in the chemistry laboratory for separating compounds and drying reaction starting materials. They contain tiny pores of a precise and uniform size, and are mainly used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids. 5Å

neg: Kinorhyncha protonephridia emptying through pores in the final segment. The nervous system consists of a ventral nerve cord, with one ganglion in each segment, and an anterior nerve ring surrounding the pharynx. Smaller ganglia are also located in the lateral and dorsal portions of each segment, but do not form distinct cords. Some species have simple ocelli on the head, and all species have tiny bristles on the body to provide a sense of touch. There are two sexes that look alike. A pair of gonads are located in the mid-region of the trunk, and open to pores in the final

neg: Heterobasidion annosum body is white, easily bruising brown, and has barely visible pores, with 3-4 per mm. The flesh, which has a strong fungus smell, is elastic when young but becomes woody when older. Sexual spores called basidiospores are created in the fertile layer on the lower surface of the basidiocarps, whilst conidiospores occur in the asexual stage and are produced on microscopic "conidiophores" which erupt through the surface of the host tree. Conidiospores and basidiospores are both produced by this fungus, the latter being more important for infecting the conifers. In the summertime, basidiospores, the primary infective propagules, are released. These

neg: Peritrophic matrix gut. Much like indigestible molecules present in the food bolus, many [[toxin]]s are too large to pass through the small pores of the peritrophic matrix. For example, some insects that are resistant to the [[insecticide]] [[DDT]] shed large amounts of the toxin in the peritrophic matrix. In addition, some smaller toxins bind with specific surface proteins present in the peritrophic matrix. This binding is particularly important for blood-feeding insects. Heme groups, which are components of [[hemoglobin]], an oxygen carrying protein present in vertebrate blood, act as strong [[Oxidizing agent|oxidizers]] in insects. Although this [[oxidizing agent]] is safe in vertebrates, it

neg: Sintering atoms take to get from one spot to another are the sintering mechanisms. The six common mechanisms are: Also one must distinguish between densifying and non-densifying mechanisms. 1–3 above are non-densifying – they take atoms from the surface and rearrange them onto another surface or part of the same surface. These mechanisms simply rearrange matter inside of porosity and do not cause pores to shrink. Mechanisms 4–6 are densifying mechanisms – atoms are moved from the bulk to the surface of pores thereby eliminating porosity and increasing the density of the sample. A grain boundary(GB) is the transition area or

neg: Osseointegration as dental implants and improving prosthetics for amputees. Osseointegration is also defined as: "the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone, without intervening soft tissue". Osseointegrated implant is a type of implant defined as "an endosteal implant containing pores into which osteoblasts and supporting connective tissue can migrate". Applied to oral implantology, this thus refers to bone grown right up to the implant surface without interposed soft tissue layer. No scar tissue, cartilage or ligament fibers are present between the bone and implant surface. The direct contact of bone and implant surface can be verified microscopically. Osseointegration

neg: Dendraster excentricus juveniles. The five ambulacral rows alternate with five interambulacral areas, where calcareous plates extend into the test. At the center on the aboral side is the madreporite—a perforated platelike structure, and on the interambulacra are the four tiny genital pores. Radiating out from the genital pores are the five flower petals, which represents the ambulacral radii. The mouth is in the center on the bottom side, with the anus toward the edge.<br> They are either found subtidally in bays or open coastal areas or in the low intertidal zone on sandy on the Northeast Pacific coast. It can live at

neg: Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance By definition, stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, is the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide (CO) entering, or water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf. Stomata are small pores on the top and or bottom of a leaf that are responsible for taking in and expelling CO and moisture from and to the outside air. The rate of stomatal conductance, or its inverse, stomatal resistance, is directly related to the boundary layer resistance of the leaf and the absolute concentration gradient of water vapor from the leaf to the atmosphere.

neg: Archips cerasivorana frass and silk. Before emerging, the pupae will force their way to the outer surface of the silk nest where the adult moth ecloses. From the first instar, the caterpillars will aggregate and build large tent structures. These caterpillars are one of the few in the Tortricidae family that exhibit social behavior. They make these tents by spinning silk threads between leaves and branches, which draws them into a compact nest. Each strand of silk is stretched slightly before it is attached to a leaf so that a tiny force (from axial retraction) will pull the leaf slightly towards the

neg: Dysphania pumilio herb growing erect, sticky, glandular stems up to about 25 centimeters tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, up to 2 centimeters long, lance-shaped to oval and edged with bumpy lobes. The surface of the leaf is coated in white sticky glands and sparse hairs. The inflorescence is a spherical cluster of densely packed tiny green flowers located in the leaf axils. Each flower is pebbly with glands and covers the developing fruit. Dysphania pumilio Dysphania pumilio is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common name clammy goosefoot. It is native to Australia, but it

neg: Selective catalytic reduction requires conversion to ammonia through thermal decomposition in order to be used as an effective reductant. SCR systems are sensitive to contamination and plugging resulting from normal operation or abnormal events. Many SCRs are given a finite life due to known amounts of contaminants in the untreated gas. The large majority of catalyst on the market is of porous construction. A clay planting pot is a good example of what SCR catalyst feels like. This porosity is what gives the catalyst the high surface area essential for reduction of NOx. However, the pores are easily plugged by a variety of

neg: Interactive whiteboard projects a Gray Code sequence of white and black bars on the touch surface and light sensitive sensors behind the touch surface detect the light passing through the touch surface. This sequence allows the computer to align the touch surface with the display; however, it has the disadvantage of having tiny fiber-sized "dead spots" in the resistive touch surface where the light sensors are present. The "dead spots" are so small that touches in that area are still presented to the computer properly. Another system involves having a light sensor built into the projector and facing the screen. As the

neg: Methanosarcinales S-layer Tile Protein Three different types of pores are present in the sheet with "Primary pores" situated on the six-fold symmetry axis and "Trimer pores" on the three-fold symmetry axis. Asymmetric pores are located between the adjacent trimeric building blocks. The size of the pores are sufficiently large to allow the exchange of metabolites between the organism and the external environment. Whereas the protein constituents of lipid-based barriers, such as bacterial outer membranes, can be rapidly modified in response to physiological or environmental stimuli, the large pore sizes of the S-layer composed of MSTP protein subunits are presumably required to allow passage of

neg: Dutoitea Dutoitea Dutoitia is a genus of Devonian rhyniophyte, named after the renowned South African geologist Alex du Toit. It is one of the earliest plants from Gondwana to colonize land. Its fossils were preserved in fine mudstones of the 400-million-year-old Bokkeveld and Witteberg Groups of South Africa. This erect, gracile plant is less than 10 cm high and very simple in structure. Its diminutive stems (0.1–3.0 mm in diameter), which are devoid of leaflike appendages, branch in two and end in club- or cup-shaped sporangia, occasionally containing its reproductive spores. Stomata (tiny pores) are present in the cuticle of their

neg: Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hirta (sometimes called asthma-plant) is a pantropical weed, possibly native to India. It is a hairy herb that grows in open grasslands, roadsides and pathways. It is used in traditional herbal medicine. This erect or prostrate annual herb can grow up to long with a solid, hairy stem that produces an abundant white latex. There are stipules present. The leaves are simple, elliptical, hairy (on both upper and lower surfaces but particularly on the veins on the lower leaf surface), with a finely dentate margin. Leaves occur in opposite pairs on the stem. The flowers are unisexual