query: who prints currency notes and coins in india

pos: Indian rupee the 1970s, 20 and 50 notes were introduced; denominations higher than 100 were demonetised in 1978. In 1987, the 500 note was introduced, followed by the 1,000 note in 2000 while 1 and 2 notes were discontinued in 1995. The design of banknotes is approved by the central government, on the recommendation of the central board of the Reserve Bank of India. Currency notes are printed at the Currency Note Press in Nashik, the Bank Note Press in Dewas, the Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd at Salboni and Mysore and at the Watermark Paper Manufacturing Mill in Hoshangabad.

pos: Legal tender and Pakistan in 1947, the Pakistani rupee came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with the word "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. The Gulf rupee, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR), was introduced by the Government of India as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India Amendment Act of 1 May 1959. This creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain put on India's foreign reserves by gold smuggling. Two states, Kuwait and

pos: Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran notes in small quantities. Until 1928, Indian currency was printed by De La Rue, a British banknote manufacturing company. The Indian Security Press at Nashik was commissioned by the British Indian Government in the same year and assigned the responsibility of printing Indian currency. BRBNMPL is governed by a board of directors, headed by a non-executive chairman appointed by the RBI. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India which prints bank notes (Indian rupees) for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was established

pos: Indian rupee Indian rupee The Indian rupee (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the official currency of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 "paise" (singular "paisa"), though as of 2018, coins of denomination of 50 paise or half rupee is the lowest value in use. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. In 2010, a new rupee symbol ", was officially adopted. It was derived from the combination of the Devanagari

pos: India Government Mint India Government Mint The India Government Mint operates four mints in the country for the production of coins. This move proposed by PM, is estimated to save 20 billion on currency transportation costs over the next 5 years.The other mints are in: Under The Coinage Act, 1906, the Government of India is charged with the production and supply of coins to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The RBI places an annual indent for this purpose and the Government of India draws up the production programme for the India Government Mints on the basis of the indent. Besides minting coins,

neg: Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited inks, bi-fluorescent inks, optical variable inks, micro perforation, adhesive/glue, embossing, die-cutting and personalization, etc. SPMCIL comprises four units of India Government Mint located in the cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Noida. These mints produce circulation coins, commemorative coins, medallions and bullion, as required by the Government of India. Security Paper Mill was established in 1968 at Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh. It produces papers for banknotes and non–judicial stamps and further prints with new enhanced unit. Bank note paper mill India private limited prints paper for Indian currency and located in Mysore. Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited "Security

neg: Nigerian naira front is the engraved portraits of Alhaji Aliyu Mai-Bornu and Dr Clement Isong, former governors of the Central Bank of Nigeria. On the first prints of the 100 naira notes issued starting December 1, 1999, Zuma Rock was captioned as located in Federal Capital Territory, while actually it is situated in Niger State. Later prints removed the reference to FCT, ABUJA. In 2012 the Central Bank of Nigeria may be contemplating the introduction of new currency denominations of N5,000. The bank has also made plans to convert ₦5, ₦10, ₦20 and ₦50 into coins which are all presently notes. The

neg: Hyderabadi rupee issued in 1919 and one thousand rupee notes were issued in 1926. After the setting up of the India Currency Notes Press at Nashik, Hyderabad notes came to be printed there. In 1942, the Government of Hyderabad established the Hyderabad State Bank, with the responsibility, "inter alia", of managing the OS. Hyderabad continued to mint its own coins until 1948, when India occupied the state after the Nizam refused to cede it to the new republic. In 1950, the Indian rupee was introduced alongside the local currency, with the relationship of 7 Hyderabad rupees = 6 Indian rupees being used.

neg: Reserve Bank of India are minted by Government of India (GoI), the RBI works as an agent of GoI for distributing and handling of coins. RBI also works to prevent counterfeiting of currency by regularly upgrading security features of currency. For printing currency, RBI has four facilities at Dewas, Nasik, Mysore and Salboni. The RBI is authorized to issue notes up to value of Rupees ten thousands and coin up to one thousands. New notes of Rupees 500 and 2000 have been issued on 8 November 2016. The old series note of Rupees 1000 and 500 are considered illegal and just paper from midnight

neg: Bank of France part in the deliberations on ECB decisions) and implements it in France. It is also the guardian of currency: it prints euro bank notes (it is the largest printer of euro notes) and manages the circulation of bank notes and coins. It also participates in the fight against counterfeit money, by training bank employees, merchants, police, etc. The Bank of France establishes France's balance of payments and manages part of the foreign exchange reserves of the ECB. The Bank of France is responsible for overseeing the French financial sector, through its subsidiary ACPR (Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution).

neg: Currency museum, Colombo Currency museum, Colombo Currency museum (simply known as Money museum) is one currency museums in Sri Lanka. It is located in Colombo Fort at the head office of Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The museum has a collection of ancient usage of coins, dating back from about 3 BC, to modern usage coins & notes in Sri Lanka. Anuradhapura era (3 BC to 107 AD), Polonnaruwa to Kotte Kingdoms era (1017 AD - 1597 AD) and colonial era coins can be seen at the museum. Also, it has foreign coins and notes. There are no entrance fees to visitors and

neg: Mark (currency) Germany was reunified in 1990. The German mark was replaced by the euro, first as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, at a conversion rate of 1.95583 marks per euro. Thereafter, the mark-denominated notes and coins represented the euro at that conversion rate, and remained legal tender until 1 January 2002, when they were replaced by euro notes and coins. Germany mints its own German euro coins, but all euro coins are legal tender throughout the Eurozone. The remaining Convertible mark of Bosnia-Herzegovina is a currency that officially replaced the German mark as de facto currency of the ruptured

neg: Indian rupee peso. In 1867, administration of the Straits Settlements was separated from India and the Straits dollar was made the standard currency, and attempts to reintroduce the rupee were finally abandoned. After the Partition of India, the Pakistani rupee came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with "Pakistan". Previously the Indian rupee was an official currency of other countries, including Aden, Oman, Dubai, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the Trucial States, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, the Seychelles and Mauritius. The Indian government introduced the Gulf rupee – also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR) – as a

neg: Federal Reserve Note regulations to which the U.S. Treasury must adhere when redesigning banknotes. The national motto "In God We Trust" must appear on all U.S. currency and coins. Though the motto had periodically appeared on coins since 1865, it did not appear on currency (other than interest-bearing notes in 1861) until a law passed in 1956 required it. It began to appear on Federal Reserve Notes delivered from 1964 to 1966, depending on denomination. The portraits appearing on the U.S. currency can feature only people who have died, whose names should be included below each of the portraits. Since the standardization of

neg: Manx pound Manx pound The Manx pound () is the currency of the Isle of Man, in parity with the pound sterling. The Manx pound is divided into 100 pence. Notes and coins, denominated in pounds and pence, are issued by the Isle of Man Government. The Isle of Man is in a one-sided "de facto" currency union with the United Kingdom: the Manx government has decided to make UK currency legal tender on the island, and to back its own notes and coins with Bank of England notes. Manx government notes may, on demand, be exchanged at par for Bank of

neg: Legal tender stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. It occurs whenever there is a change of national currency: The current form or forms of money is pulled from circulation and retired, often to be replaced with new notes or coins. Sometimes, a country completely replaces the old currency with new currency. The opposite of demonetization is remonetization, in which a form of payment is restored as legal tender. Coins and banknotes may cease to be legal tender if new notes of the same currency replace them or if a new currency is introduced replacing the former one. Examples

neg: Currency Centre centre in September 1999, whilst the first banknotes were printed in April 2000; these commenced delivery to banks and retailers in September (coins) and October (banknotes) of 2001. The final Irish coins, based on the Irish pound, were minted in September 2000 and the final banknotes were printed in April 2001. The decision to continue printing euro notes in Dublin when those notes could be printed much more cheaply on existing presses elsewhere was described a colossal waste of money in April 2012. Currency Centre The Currency Centre (also known as the Irish Mint) is the mint of coins and

neg: Currency detector Currency detector A currency detector or currency validator is a device that determines whether notes or coins are genuine or counterfeit. These devices are used in many automated machines found in retail kiosks, self checkout machines, arcade gaming machines, payphones, launderette washing machines, car park ticket machines, automatic fare collection machines, railway station ticket machines, and vending machines. The process involves examining the coins and/or notes that have been inserted, and by using various tests, determining if the currency is counterfeit. Since the parameters are different for each coin or note, these detectors must be programmed for each item that

neg: Austro-Hungarian gulden the notes did have a slight premium over coins early on, in later years, the notes fell in value relative to the coins until their value was fixed in 1811 at one fifth of their face value in coins. That year, the "Priviligirte Vereinigte Einlösungs und Tilgungs Deputation" ("Privileged United Redemption and Repayment Deputation") began issuing paper money valued at par with the coinage, followed by the "Austrian National Note Bank" in 1816 and the "Privileged Austrian National Bank" between 1825 and 1863. In 1858, new notes were issued denominated in "Austrian Currency" rather than "Convention Currency". From 1866, the

neg: Nicaraguan peso 1898 and 1899, cupro-nickel 5 centavos coins were issued. These were the last coins of this currency to be minted. From 1881, the National Treasury issued notes in denominations of 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 pesos. 10, 20 and 50 centavos notes were added in 1885, followed by 10 pesos notes in 1894. Nicaraguan peso The peso was the currency of Nicaragua between 1878 and 1912. It was Nicaragua's first national currency, replacing the Central American Republic real and that of neighbouring states. It was subdivided into 100 "centavos" and when it was introduced, it was worth 8 reales,

neg: Japanese currency Immediately after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, previous gold, silver and copper coins, as well as feudal notes were allowed continued circulation, leading to great confusion. In 1868, the government also issued coins and gold-convertible paper money, called "" (太政官札), denominated in "Ryō", an old unit from the Yedo period, and private banks called "Kawase Kaisha" were allowed to issue their own currency as well. Complexity, widespread counterfeiting of gold coins and feudal notes led to widespread confusion. Through the New Currency Act of 1871, Japan adopted the gold standard along international lines, with 1 yen corresponding to 1.5g of

neg: Central Bank of Jordan the CBJ's functions have evolved to include the following: The CBJ is the sole issuer of the Jordanian currency. The CBJ, accordingly, ensures the availability of bank notes and coins to meet the needs of the national economy, and maintains an adequate inventory of these bank notes and coins for the same purpose. The CBJ also re-issues the Jordanian currency and replaces damaged, soiled, and mutilated bank notes. In addition, the CBJ issues commemorative coins. The CBJ is responsible for determining the suitable investment opportunities as well as setting ratios and components of reserves to ensure their safety, liquidity, and

neg: Coins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, and ₹10. All of these are produced by four mints located across India, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Noida. After Indian independence, British Indian coins were in use as a frozen currency until India became a republic in 1950. The first rupee coins of the Republic of India were minted in 1950. These included 1/2

neg: Reserve Bank of New Zealand New Zealand legal tender notes and coins. The Reserve Bank controls the issuing of currency to banks and also replaces used and damaged money from circulation. In March 2005 the bank decided to remove the 5 cent coin from circulation (the following year), as well as reducing the size of 10, 20 and 50 cent coins. The Reserve Bank accepts all New Zealand currency for payment at face value. This applies to all demonetised or withdrawn currency, however such currency need not be accepted by money changers as it is no longer legal tender. All decimal notes are legal tender

neg: United States Note of gold was banned during 1933, all of the remaining types of circulating currency, National Bank Notes, silver certificates, Federal Reserve Notes, and United States Notes, were redeemable by individuals only for silver. Eventually, even silver redemption stopped during June 1968, during a time in which all U.S. currency (both coins and paper currency) was changed to fiat currency. For the general public there was then little to distinguish United States Notes from Federal Reserve Notes. As a result, the public circulation of United States Notes, then mainly in the form of $2 and $5 bills, was replaced with $5

neg: Korean currency between 10 and 1000 hwan were issued. Starting in 1959, 10 and 50 hwan coins were also issued to replace the lower denomination notes. Those were the first circulating coins in South Korea. Due to the short notice of the change in currency, the first series of the new notes was commissioned from the United States Government Printing Office. The notes were released in five denominations, all with an identical design. Some replacement notes with a more suited Korean theme were later issued, starting with the 100 hwan just a month later. The hwan suffered from inflation as well. At

neg: Carthaginian currency Carthaginian currency Carthaginian or Punic currency refers to the coins of ancient Carthage, a Phoenician city-state located near present-day Tunis, Tunisia. The base currency was the shekel, although its Punic pronunciation was probably . The Phoenicians, despite their extensive trading empires, began minting coins relatively late. Siculo-Carthaginian currency began to be issued in the mid-4th century and probably preceded Phoenicia's own Tyrian shekels, which developed . Carthage was also the first known state to utilize lightweight, flexible leather promissory notes. Carthage issued ½-shekel, shekel (7.20 g), 1⅔-shekel, double shekel, and triple shekel coins. 5-shekel pieces were issued in Sicily. It

neg: Malaya and British Borneo dollar same design features and sizes from the coins of the previous Commissioner's Currency and Straits series, making them relatively unchanged in appearance except for the depictions of the British monarchs. The older coins also continued to circulate alongside these bearing the new title. All notes bear the date 21 March 1953, and signed by W.C. Taylor, the Chairman of the Board of Commissioner of Currency. The 1, 5 and 10 dollar notes were printed by Waterlow and Sons, the 50 and 100 dollar notes were printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. Ltd. and the 1,000 and 10,000 dollar notes were

neg: Austrian schilling rate of 1 new schilling for 3 old schillings thereafter. Coins were not affected by this reform. The currency stabilised in the 1950s, with the schilling being tied to the U.S. dollar at a rate of $1 = 26 schilling. Following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the schilling was initially tied to a basket of currencies and then, in July 1976, the schilling was coupled to the German mark. Although the euro became the official currency of Austria in 1999, euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002. Old schilling denominated coins and notes were

neg: East African florin of World Coins" (C. L. Krause & C. Mishler, Krause Publications), the 50 cents coins were not released for circulation and only 30% of the 1, 5 and 10 cent coins produced were issued for circulation. The East African Currency Board issued notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 florins, with the notes valued at 10 florins and above also carrying the denomination in pounds (1, 2, 5, 10 and 50). East African florin The Florin was the currency of the British colonies and protectorates of East Africa between 1920 and 1921. It was divided

neg: Gambian pound 1/2 penny coins were not issued, whilst a 4 Shillings piece went into circulation. An 8 Shillings coin was subsequently struck in 1970. The Central Bank of The Gambia took over assets and liabilities of The Gambia Currency Board in 1971 and a new decimal currency was introduced to replace the Gambian pound. The new currency was the Dalasi with 1 dalasi being subdivided into 100 bututs. Again, the coins were minted by the Royal Mint and the notes were printed by Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. Ltd. Coins were introduced by The Gambia Currency Board on 18 February 1966 and

neg: Currency-counting machine how much genuine money was placed in the compartment. Fully electronic counters that are able to count batches of notes or of coins without having to process them individually, were introduced in Great Britain in 1980 and are now widely used by banks, retailers and food service outlets in many parts of the world. They are faster and more versatile than the traditional notes-only & coins-only equipments, but cannot detect counterfeits. A coin sorter is a device which sorts a random collection of coins into separate bins for various denominations. Coin sorters are typically specific to the currency of certain

neg: Kiribati dollar at first, but 20, 50, and 100 dollars were later sent for use. This continued to be the official currency after the breakup of the joint Gilbert and Ellice colonies and following independence of the Gilberts and annexed territories as Kiribati. The 1 dollar notes circulated alongside a local coin. The 1 and 2 dollar notes were later withdrawn in favour of Kiribati- and Australian-issued coins. Kiribati dollar The dollar is the currency of Kiribati. It is pegged at 1:1 ratio to the Australian dollar. Coins were issued in 1979 and circulate alongside banknotes and coins of the Australian dollar.

neg: Jersey currency within the island. Jersey currency is not legal tender outside Jersey: However, in the United Kingdom it is "acceptable tender" and can be surrendered at banks within that country in exchange for Bank of England-issued currency on a like-for-like basis. Designs on the reverse of Jersey coins: The main currency of Jersey is the pound, although in many places the euro is accepted because of the location of the island. Pound coins are issued, but are much less widely used than pound notes. Designs on the reverse of Jersey pound coins include historic ships built in Jersey and a

neg: Gibraltar pound and they are occasionally found in circulation across Britain. Under the Currency Notes Act 2011 the notes and coins issued by the Government of Gibraltar are legal tender and current coin within Gibraltar. British coins and Bank of England notes also circulate in Gibraltar and are universally accepted and interchangeable with Gibraltarian issues. In 1988, coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 pence and 1 pound were introduced which bore specific designs for and the name of Gibraltar. They were the same sizes and compositions as the corresponding British coins, with 2 pound coins introduced in

neg: Guanzi (currency) different denominations of guanzi notes. During the Tang dynasty there was a form of promissory notes known as "jindai guanzi" (金帶關子) that were exclusively exchanged between the nobility but became a more common form of currency over time as the transportation of large strings of copper cash coins was considered troublesome as they were heavy. During the Southern Song dynasty the military were paid in guanzi banknotes that could be converted into cash coins at a fee of 10 wén per "guàn". The guanzi notes mostly circulated in and around the capital city of Lin'an and were specifically made for

neg: Coins of the Czechoslovak koruna (1953) Coins of the Czechoslovak koruna (1953) After the 1953 currency reform a new series of coins were introduced. Coins were first issued in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25 h – the 1, 3 and 5 Kčs denominations only existed as paper money (state notes). The haler coins dated 1953 were all minted in Leningrad. The 1, 3 and 5 Kčs state notes were replaced by coins in 1957, 1965 and 1966, respectively. The 50 h coin appeared in 1963. In 1972 the 25 h and 3 Kčs coins were withdrawn, and – from 1972 – 20 h (as

neg: Japanese currency pure gold. The Meiji government issued new notes, called "Meiji Tsūhōsatsu" (明治通宝札) in 1872, which were printed in Germany. Silver coins were also issued for trade with Asian countries who favoured silver as a currency, thus establishing a de facto gold-silver standard. The National Bank Act of 1872 led to the establishment of 4 banks between 1873 and 1874, until there were more than 153 national banks by the end of 1879. The national banks issued identically designed convertible notes, which were effective in funding the industry and progressively replaced government notes. In 1876, an amendment allowed the banks to

neg: Legal tender is exchanged only in electronic digital form. Sometimes currency issues such as commemorative coins or transfer bills may be issued that are not intended for public circulation but are nonetheless legal tender. An example of such currency is Maundy money. Some currency issuers, particularly the Scottish banks, issue special commemorative banknotes which are intended for ordinary circulation (though no Scottish banknotes nor notes from Northern Ireland are legal tender in the United Kingdom). As well, some standard coins are minted on higher-quality dies as 'uncirculated' versions of the coin, for collectors to purchase at a premium; these coins are nevertheless

neg: British West African pound introduced. In 1920, brass replaced silver in these denominations. In 1938, larger, cupro-nickel 3 pence coins were introduced, with nickel-brass replacing brass in the higher denominations. In 1952, bronze replaced cupro-nickel in the , ½ and 1 penny coins. The last coins of British West Africa (pennies) were struck in 1958. In 1916, the West African Currency Board introduced notes for 2, 10 and 20 shillings, followed by 1 shilling notes in 1918. Only the 10 and 20 shillings notes were issued after 1918, until 100 shillings (5 pounds) notes were introduced in 1953. The last notes (20 shillings) were

neg: Liberian dollar and were the only Liberian coins until 1896, when a full coinage consisting of 1, 2, 10, 25 and 50 cents coins were introduced. The last issues were made in 1906. The Treasury Department issued notes between 1857 and 1880 in denominations of 10 and 50 cents, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 dollars. United States currency replaced the British West African pound in Liberia in 1935. Starting in 1937, Liberia issued its own coins which circulated alongside US currency. The flight of suitcase-loads of USD paper by Americo-Liberian following the April 12, 1980 coup d'état created a currency shortage.

neg: Slang terms for money in Spain are also terms applied to the euro. In India slang names for coins are more common than the currency notes. For 5 paisa (100 paisa is equal to 1 Indian rupee) it is 'panji'. A 10 paisa coin is called 'dassi' and for 20 paisa it is 'bissi'. A 25 paisa coin is called 'chavanni' (equal to 4 annas) and 50 paisa is 'athanni' (8 annas). However, in recent years, due to inflation, the use of these small value coins has declined, and so has the use of these slang terms. The more prevalent terms now (particularly in

neg: State Bank of Pakistan Museum & Art Gallery Indo Greeks including an uncommon bronze coin of Alexander the Great and several other unique coins, Indo Scythians, Indo Parthian, Kushans, Guptas, Indo Sassanians, Hindu Shahis. The Islamic Gallery exhibition starts from the coinage of Arab Governors of Sindh, some uncommon Sultanate Coins, Mughal Coins, later Mughals, British Indian, and then coinage after 1947. The Currency Gallery gives an overview of the origin of paper currency in the sub-continent, from early paper issues to polymer banknotes.The gallery of the Museum displaying the history of Currency Notes in Pakistan and also includes the collection of historical, current and polymer banknotes of

neg: Nova Scotian pound Nova Scotian pound The pound was the currency of Nova Scotia until 1860. It was subdivided into 20 "shillings", each of 12 "pence". It was equivalent to the British pound and was replaced by the "dollar" in 1860, at a rate of 5 dollars = 1 pound (1 dollar = 4 shillings), although coins and notes of the dollar currency were not issued until 1861. In addition to British coins, copper tokens were issued in 1823 and 1856 in denominations of ½ and 1 penny. In 1812, the Provincial Government introduced Treasury notes in denominations of 1, 2½, 5 and

neg: Abraham Lincoln was suspended in limited areas despite the Ex parte Merryman ruling. Before the Civil War, the only money issued by the United States was gold and silver coins, and only such coins ("specie") were legal tender; that is, payment in that form had to be accepted. Paper currency in the form of banknotes was issued by privately owned banks. Greenbacks were paper currency (printed in green on the back) issued by the United States during the American Civil War, they were in two forms: Demand Notes, issued In July 1861, Congress authorized $50,000,000 in Demand Notes. They bore no interest,

neg: Biafran pound Biafran pound The Biafran pound was the currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra between 1968 and 1970. The first notes denominated in 5 shillings and £1 were introduced on January 29, 1968. A series of coins was issued in 1969; 3 pence, 6 pence, 1 shilling and 2½ shilling coins were minted, all made of aluminium. In February 1969, a second family of notes was issued consisting of 5 shilling, 10 shilling, £1, £5 and £10 denominations. Despite not being recognised as currency by the rest of the world when they were issued, the banknotes were afterwards sold as

neg: United States dollar is, "de facto", fiat money. As it is the most used in international transactions, the U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the "de facto" currency. Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean: the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while still minting their own coins, or also accept U.S. dollar coins (such as the Sacagawea or presidential dollar).

neg: Austrian schilling banknote was issued and the 5 and 10 schilling notes were replaced by coins. However, although 20 schilling coins were issued from 1980, the 20 schilling note continued to be produced, with 5,000 schilling notes added in 1988. Austrian schilling The schilling (German: "Schilling") was the currency of Austria from 1925 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999, and the circulating currency until 2002. The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 schilling to replace it. The schilling was divided into 100 groschen. The schilling was established by the schilling Act (Schillingrechnungsgesetz) of December 20, 1924

neg: French Equatorial African franc French Equatorial African franc The franc was the currency of French Equatorial Africa. The French franc circulated, together with distinct banknotes from 1917 and coins from 1942. It was replaced by the CFA franc in 1945. In 1942, brass 50 centime and 1 franc coins were introduced, followed by bronze coins in the same denominations in 1943. In 1917, the General Government of French Equatorial Africa made emergency issues of 1 and 2 franc notes. A provisional issue of 25 franc notes was produced in 1925 by overprinting notes of French West Africa. No further notes were produced until 1940,

neg: Manchukuo yuan in copper coins, official provincial notes issued by the banks of the provincial government, small denomination coin notes, "diào" denominated notes, "Chiao/jiǎo" denominated notes and others. The 15 different types of currency that circulated in Manchuria prior to the introduction of the Manchukuo yuan were allowed to be exchanged for the new currency by degree for a period of three years, using this method ninety-five point four percent of all previous Manchurian currency that was still in circulation, and the destruction of these old banknotes was handled by officials from the Department of Finance of the government of Manchukuo. The

neg: Ecuadorian sucre be adopted as Ecuador's official currency, although the US dollar had already had wide informal use in Ecuador before this decision was made. The US dollar became legal tender in Ecuador on March 13, 2000, as sucre notes ceased to be legal tender on September 11, 2000. Sucre notes were exchangeable at a rate of 25,000 sucre per dollar at Banco Central until March 30, 2001. In 1884, cupro-nickel one and a half centavo coins, as well as silver half decimo coins, one and two decimo coins, sucre and half sucre coins were introduced. Centavo coins minted as denominations of

neg: Finance Secretary a coin. One Rupee Note is an asset, just like other coins. So "I promise to pay the bearer." is not written on the note. You already hold an asset. While RBI Notes are a liability. One Rupee Note and One Rupee coins are legal tenders for unlimited amounts. One rupee defines the unit of the currency! It is the base of the currency system. A 1000 rupees RBI note says "I promise to pay the bearer the sum on one thousand rupees". Hence RBI notes which are a liability promises to pay you an asset. This asset is defined

neg: Banknote dealers who issued price lists and catalogs. In the early 1990s, it became more common for rare notes to be sold at various coin and currency shows via auction. The illustrated catalogs and "event nature" of the auction practice seemed to fuel a sharp rise in overall awareness of paper money in the numismatic community. The emergence of currency third party grading services (similar to services that grade and "slab", or encapsulate, coins) also may have increased collector and investor interest in notes. Entire advanced collections are often sold at one time, and to this day single auctions can generate

neg: Greenback (1860s money) Greenback (1860s money) Greenbacks were paper currency (printed in green on the back) issued by the United States during the American Civil War. They were in two forms: Demand Notes, issued in 1861–1862, and United States Notes issued in 1862–1865. They were legal tender by law, but were not backed by gold or silver, only the credibility of the U.S. government. Before the Civil War, the only money issued by the United States was gold and silver coins, and only such coins ("specie") were legal tender; that is, payment in that form had to be accepted. Paper currency in the

neg: Banknotes of the United States dollar were officially discontinued in 1994. During the American Civil War silver and gold coins were hoarded by the public because of uncertainty about the outcome of the war. People began to use postage stamps instead, encasing them in metal for better protection. The U.S. government decided to substitute paper currency of denominations under a dollar for coins in order to solve the problem. The denominations issued were 3¢, 5¢, 10¢, 15¢, 25¢ and 50¢. There were five issues of fractional currency. Interest bearing notes were issued from 1863-1865 and bore a 5% or 7.3% interest per annum. The 5% notes

neg: European Currency Unit (U+20A0), comprises an interlaced C and E, which are the initial letters of the phrase 'European Community' in many European languages. However, this symbol was not widely used: few systems at the time could render it and in any case banks preferred (as with all currencies) to use the ISO code XEU. As the ECU was only an electronic unit of account and not a full currency, it did not have any official coins or notes that could be used for everyday transactions. However, various European countries and organisations like the European Parliament made commemorative and mock-up coins and notes.

neg: Manx pound and there is no guarantee of convertibility beyond that given by the Manx authorities. However, the requirement in the island's Currency Act 1992 for the Isle of Man Treasury to exchange Manx Pound banknotes on demand for Bank of England notes in practice restricts the issue of unbacked currency, and the aggregate total of notes issued must be pre-approved by Tynwald. ISO 4217 does not include a separate currency code for the Manx pound, but where code distinct from GBP is desired, "IMP" is generally used. UK notes and coins (whether from banks in England, Scotland, or Northern Ireland) are

neg: Vandeleur Molyneux Grayburn The Dollar Currency Notes Ordinance of 1935 was passed by the Legislative Council on 9 November. Despite the currency coins and notes issued by the Hong Kong government, the currency notes issued by the HSBC and two other British banks in Hong Kong were also recognised as legal tenders in Hong Kong. Under the Exchange Fund Ordinance of 1935, the HSBC had to submit its silver holdings in exchange for the Certificates of Indebtedness, as the legal backing for all banknotes. In December 1935, the government appointed Grayburn a member of the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee, to continue to advise

neg: Rupee In India presently (from 2010 onwards), 50 paise coin (half a rupee) is the lowest valued legal tender. Coins of rupees 1, 2, 5 and 10 and bank notes of rupees 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 2000 are commonly in use for cash transaction. A taka in West Pakistan was worth two paises while this word was used alternatively for rupee in East Pakistan. After its independence, Bangladesh started to officially call its currency "taka" (BDT) in 1971. Early 19th-century East India Company rupees were used in Australia for a limited period. Decimalisation occurred in Ceylon (Sri

neg: Deflation but these notes were discounted to gold until 1877. There was also a shortage of U.S. minted coins. Foreign coins, such as Mexican silver, were commonly used. At times banknotes were as much as 80% of currency in circulation before the Civil War. In the financial crises of 1818–19 and 1837–41, many banks failed, leaving their money to be redeemed below par value from reserves. Sometimes the notes became worthless, and the notes of weak surviving banks were heavily discounted. The Jackson administration opened branch mints, which over time increased the supply of coins. Following the 1848 finding of gold

neg: Money burning unauthorised destruction of large amounts of Euro coins or notes." Also, "Member states must not encourage the mutilation of Euro notes or coins for artistic purposes, but they are required to tolerate it. Mutilated coins or notes should be considered unfit for circulation." The European Union defines "falsifying or fraudulently altering money in any way" as a crime. Also, according to the EU ruling 1210/2010, "all money that is unfit for circulation must be delivered to the relevant national authority". EU countries must remove the currency from circulation and reimburse the holder", no matter what the country of issue. The

neg: Mintage World Kumar Agarwal, MD and CEO of Ultra Media & Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. Mintage World Mintage World is a virtual online museum of coins, currency notes and postage stamps. It was launched on April 23, 2016, at coin & philately fair held at the World Trade Center, Mumbai. It is an online platform for learning about ancient coins, notes and stamps and the history of Numismatics, Notaphily and Philately. The virtual online museum has information on more than sixty thousand coins, fifteen hundred notes and five thousand stamps from ancient to modern times across the world. It classifies exhibits according to

neg: Mintage World Mintage World Mintage World is a virtual online museum of coins, currency notes and postage stamps. It was launched on April 23, 2016, at coin & philately fair held at the World Trade Center, Mumbai. It is an online platform for learning about ancient coins, notes and stamps and the history of Numismatics, Notaphily and Philately. The virtual online museum has information on more than sixty thousand coins, fifteen hundred notes and five thousand stamps from ancient to modern times across the world. It classifies exhibits according to ancient, medieval, colonial and modern. The museum was started by Mr. Sushil

neg: Euro cheques, electronic transfers, banking, etc.) at midnight on 1 January 1999, when the national currencies of participating countries (the eurozone) ceased to exist independently. Their exchange rates were locked at fixed rates against each other. The euro thus became the successor to the European Currency Unit (ECU). The notes and coins for the old currencies, however, continued to be used as legal tender until new euro notes and coins were introduced on 1 January 2002. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, until 28 February

neg: Angolan angolar 1958, the name of the currency was switched back to escudo after a period of time during which coins denominated in escudos had already begun to circulate. In addition to those coins already circulating (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos), new 10, 20 and 50 centavo coins were issued between 1948 and 1950. The first escudo coins were issued dated 1952. In 1928, the "Junta de Moeda" introduced notes (dated 1926) in denominations of 1, 2½, 5 and 10 angolares, whilst the "Bank of Angola" introduced 20, 50, 100 and 500 angolar notes dated 1927. In 1942, the

neg: Rhodesian dollar cent and cupro-nickel cent coins were introduced, which circulated alongside the earlier coins of the Rhodesian pound for 5, 10, 20 and 25 cents, which were also denominated in shillings and pence. New 5 cent coins were introduced in 1973, followed by 10, 20 and 25 cents in 1975. Coins were issued until 1977. On 17 February 1970, the Reserve bank of Rhodesia introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2 and 10 dollars. 5 dollar notes were added in 1972. This table shows the historical value of one Rhodesian dollar. Rhodesian dollar The dollar ("R$") was the currency of Rhodesia

neg: Currency of Ecuador US dollar became legal tender in Ecuador March 13, 2000, and sucre notes ceased being legal tender on September 11. Sucre notes remained exchangeable at Banco Central until March 30, 2001, at 25,000 sucres per dollar. Ecuador now only issues its own centavo coins. Currency of Ecuador The article provides a historical summary of the currency used in Ecuador. The present currency of Ecuador is the United States dollar. Quito was part of Gran Colombia until 1830 as "Departamento del Sur". Gran Colombia's monetary regulations retained the old Spanish colonial system, with both milled and hammered coin circulating. Gold and

neg: Australian dollar against counterfeiting. The polymer notes are cleaner than paper notes, are more durable and easily recyclable. Australia's currency comprises coins of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cent and one and two dollar denominations; and notes of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar denominations. Many forms of currency were used in the Australian colonies after the arrival of the first European settlers in 1788. In the rough early conditions barter was necessary, and payment in commodities like rum sometimes replaced money in transactions. Some of the first official notes used in Australia were Police Fund Notes, issued by the Bank

neg: Transnistrian ruble solely of banknotes and suffered from high inflation, necessitating the issue of notes overstamped with higher denominations. Although issued in 1994, some notes (50 to 5000 rubles) were issued dated 1993. In 2000, a new ruble was introduced at a rate of 1 new ruble = 1,000,000 old rubles. This new currency consists of both coins and banknotes. Coins are of 1 to 50 kopecks and are made from aluminium or copper-zinc and are similar to Soviet-era coinage. The 1 kopeck coins were withdrawn from circulation in January 2009. On August 22, 2014, the Transnistrian Republican Bank issued coins made

neg: Chinese cash (currency unit) The notes carried depictions of coins, sometimes in strings of ten. The notes of the Yuan dynasty suffered from hyperinflation due to over production without sufficient coins to back them and were withdrawn. Paper money reappeared in the 19th century. In 1853, notes were introduced in denominations of 500, 1000 and 2000 wén. 5000 wén notes followed in 1856, with 10,000, 50,000 and 100,000 wén notes added in 1857. The last of these notes were issued in 1859. Early Korean, Japanese, Ryukyuan, and Vietnamese currencies, the Korean mun, Japanese mon, Ryukyuan mon, and Vietnamese van, were derived from the Chinese

neg: French West African franc 50 francs in 1920. 10 franc notes were introduced in 1943. In 1944, the government issued notes for 50 centimes, and 1 and 2 francs. The notes of the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale continued to circulate after the introduction of the CFA franc. French West African franc The franc was the currency of French West Africa. The French franc circulated, together with distinct banknotes from 1903 and coins from 1944. It was replaced by the CFA franc in 1945. In 1944, aluminium-bronze 50 centimes and 1 franc coins were issued. These were the only coins struck before the introduction of

neg: Macedonian denar The first denar was replaced at a rate of 100 to 1 by a new, permanent, denar consisting of notes and coins in May 1993. No coins were issued for the first denar. Temporary notes ("value coupons") were introduced on 27 April 1992, although preparations for producing them began much earlier. They remained in circulation until replaced by permanent notes of the second denar during 1993. The notes were printed by the printing firm “11 October” in Prilep. Printing started on 15 January 1992. The difficulties of creating a new currency in secret is reflected in the notes themselves. The

neg: Liberian dollar This was remedied by minting of the Liberian $5 coins. The 7-sided coins were the same size and weight as the one-dollar coin; this prevented corrupted members of the Elite society leaving with country with Liberia's money. In the late 1980s the coins were largely replaced with a newly designed $5 note modeled on the US greenback ("J. J. Roberts" notes). The design was modified during the 1990-2004 civil war to ostracize notes looted from the Central Bank of Liberia. This effectively created two currency zones -- the new "Liberty" notes were legal tender in government-held areas (primarily Monrovia), while

neg: Gibraltar pound shillings = 240 pence with one of 1 pound = 100 (new) pence. The since repealed Currency Notes Act 1934, conferred on the Government of Gibraltar the right to print its own notes. Notes issued are either backed by Bank of England notes at a rate of one pound to one pound sterling, or can be backed by securities issued by the Government of Gibraltar. Although Gibraltar notes are denominated in "pounds sterling", they are not legal tender anywhere in the United Kingdom. Gibraltar's coins are the same weight, size and metal as British coins, although the designs are different,

neg: Reichsmark Appropriations, Armed Services and Banking and Currency, U.S. Senate, 1947) found that about $380,000,000 "more currency than there were appropriations for" had been circulated. In 1947 Rhineland-Palatinate issued 5 and 10 Pfennig notes with "Geldschein" on them. Coins and banknotes for circulation in the occupied territories during the war were issued by the "Reichskreditkassen". Holed, zinc coins in 5 and 10 Reichspfennig denominations were struck in 1940 and 1941. Banknotes were issued between 1939 and 1945 in denominations of 50 Reichspfennig, 1, 2, 5, 20, and 50 Reichsmark. These served as legal tender alongside the currency of the occupied countries.

neg: Yuan (currency) in Taiwan until 2000. The various Soviets under the control of China's communists issued coins between 1931 and 1935, and banknotes between 1930 and 1949. Some of the banknotes were denominated in "chuàn", strings of wén coins. The People's Bank was founded in 1948 and began issuing currency that year, but some of the regional banks continued to issue their own notes in to 1949. After the defeat of Japan in 1945, the Central Bank of China issued a separate currency in the northeast to replace those issued by the puppet banks—north-eastern yuan (). It was worth 20 of the

neg: Saint Helena pound 1976, the St. Helena government began issuing new, decimal denominated banknotes for use on the island, with the introduction of circulation coins intended for use on St. Helena as well as Ascension beginning in 1984. The use of these coins and notes was extended from St. Helena and Ascension island later on to Tristan da Cunha as well. For a more general history of currency in the South Atlantic region, see The Sterling Currency in the South Atlantic and the Antarctic. The first coins were introduced in 1821, in which copper half pennies were issued for Saint Helena by the

neg: United States dollar the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as "fractional currency", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as "shinplasters". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union", "Half Union", and "Quarter Union", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100. Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S.

neg: Italian lira by the euro. The lira was the official unit of currency in Italy until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28, 2002. The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro. All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, and all post-World War II coins, were exchanged by the Bank of Italy up to 6 December 2011. Originally, Italy's central bank pledged to redeem Italian coins and banknotes until 29 February 2012,

neg: India Government Mint, Noida India Government Mint, Noida carries its mint mark of a "small or large dot" (° or o). Aside from producing coins for India, the mint has also produced coins for Thailand and Dominican Republic. From April 2012, the mint introduced night-shift production. Before the November 2016 demonetization of INR500 and INR1000 banknotes, the mint produced nearly 40% of the total coins and had an annual target of producing coins worth . This production was later increased due to shortage of liquid currency. India Government Mint, Noida The India Government Mint, Noida, is one of the four mints in India; based

neg: Gibraltar pound Gibraltar pound The Gibraltar pound (currency sign: £; banking code: GIP) is the currency of Gibraltar. It is pegged to – and exchangeable with – the British pound sterling at par value. Gibraltar pound coins are minted notes printed by the Government of Gibraltar. Until 1872, the currency situation in Gibraltar was complicated, with a system based on the real being employed which encompassed British, Spanish and Gibraltarian coins. From 1825, the real (actually the Spanish "real de plata") was tied to the pound at the rate of 1 Spanish dollar to 4 shillings 4 pence (equivalent to 21.67 pence

neg: Angolan kwanza inflation continued and no coins were issued. Despite the exchange rate, such was the low value of the old kwanza that the smallest denomination of banknote issued was 1000 kwanzas reajustados. Other notes were 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 kwanzas. In 1999, a second currency was introduced simply called the kwanza. It replaced the kwanza reajustado at a rate of 1,000,000 to 1. Unlike the first kwanza, this currency is subdivided into 100 "cêntimos". The introduction of this currency saw the reintroduction of coins. Although it suffered early on from high inflation, its value has now stabilized.

neg: Huizi (currency) Emperor Xiaozong regularly renewed the Huizi in circulation but not all expired Huizi notes were destroyed as they often kept circulated at lower values which caused the number of Huizi in circulation to rise. The Huizi notes were set to expire 3 years after their introduction and could be exchanged for their nominal value in copper cash coins, but in reality they were only produced every 9 years and 20,000,000 "guàn" in newly printed notes were added to the market, in 1195 this was raised to 30,000,000 "guàn". As Huizi notes were easily forged the currency became deprecated to the

neg: Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya and Borneo Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei. The new currency in Malaya and Singapore were issued with the same value as the Malayan dollar, and first entered circulation in 1942. As with other currencies issued by Japan in occupied territories, local residents were forced to adopt this type of currency, while existing coins were allowed until a shortage of coins required the Japanese administration release issued notes for cents. Although new coins bearing the name "Malaysia" and dated under the Japanese calendar were planned by the Osaka Mint for the region, these never made it past the concept stage and only

neg: Guanzi (currency) Guanzi (currency) The guanzi (), was a Song dynasty era form of paper money that served as promissory notes that could be traded for goods and services where the seller that received these notes could go to an issuing agency and redeem the note for strings of coins at a small exchange fee. They were originally introduced as a form of payment to the military at which time the notes were known as "jianqian guanzi" (見錢關子), and circulated alongside the contemporary jiaozi and huizi notes. After 1190 the records stop mentioning guanzi notes until 1264, an indication that jiaozi and

neg: South African pound The pound at that time was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The pound sterling became the standard currency of the Cape of Good Hope colony in 1825 following an imperial order-in-council that was issued for the purpose of introducing the sterling coinage into all the British colonies. British coins then replaced the Dutch currency. Before a unified South Africa, many authorities issued coins and banknotes in their own pound, equivalent to sterling. The Transvaal Republic, the Boer state that in 1902 was to become Transvaal Colony, issued notes from 1867 to 1902 and coins from 1892 to

neg: Kyrgyz Republic commemorative currency have also won numerous regional and international awards. Commemorative coins are minted in several locations including, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Russia (Saint Petersburg Mint), Slovakia and the United Kingdom (Pobjoy Mint), while the commemorative notes are printed in the United States (Crane Currency). On 11 August 1995, the central bank issued its first collectible coins to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Epic of Manas, despite coins not being in general circulation at that time. Since then, over the years, the central bank has increased the frequency of issuance of commemorative currencies. The central bank reached its first major milestone when

neg: Decimal Day Ireland operated within the Sterling Area, effectively a single monetary area. The Irish pound had come into existence as a separate currency in 1927 with distinct coins and notes, but the terms of the Irish Currency Act obliged the Irish currency commissioners to redeem Irish pounds on a fixed 1:1 basis, and so day-to-day banking operations continued exactly as they had been before the creation of the Irish pound (). This state of affairs continued until 1979 when Irish obligations to the European Monetary System forced them to break the historic link with Sterling. In Ireland, all pre-decimal coins, except

neg: Money burning is legal tender in Canada." Similarly, Section 456 of The Criminal Code of Canada says: "Every one who (a) defaces a current coin, or (b) utters a current coin that has been defaced, is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction." However neither the Currency Act nor Criminal Code mention paper currency. It therefore remains legal to completely destroy paper currency. According to the European Commission's Recommendation dated 22 March 2010, "Member states must not prohibit or punish the complete destruction of small quantities of Euro coins or notes when this happens in private. However they must prohibit the

neg: Setu coins Setu coins Setu coins or Setu bull coins are found in large quantities in the northern part of Sri Lanka and in Southern India. Codrington in his book "Ceylon Coins and Currency" published in 1924 and Mitchiner in his book "Oriental Coins" published in 1978 have clearly pointed out that the traditional design of Sri Lanka standing King Type Copper Massa (coins) of the Jaffna Kingdoms belongs to the Aryacakravarti dynasty from 1284 AD to 1410 AD. Setu coins were previously attributed to the Setupati Princes of Ramanathapuram in South India. There are two series one in the issued from

neg: Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited industry relations. According to the information made available, SPMCIL broadly operates through four production verticals i.e. currency printing presses, security printing presses, security paper mill and India Government mints. SPMCIL consists of two currency printing presses: the Currency Note Press (CNP) in Nashik and the Bank Note Press (BNP) in Dewas. The two units are engaged in production of bank notes for India as well as a few foreign countries including Iraq, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Bhutan. More than 40% of Currency Notes circulated in India are printed by the two units. These units are equipped with designing, engraving,

neg: Surinamese dollar SRD. In November 2015, this was changed to a fixed rate of USD = 4.0 SRD and in April 2016 this was further changed. , 1 Euro is equivalent to 8.54 Surinamese Dollars. Coins in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 100 and 250 cents from the previous currency are in circulation. The Surinamese dollar replaced the Surinamese guilder on 1 January 2004, with one dollar equal to 1,000 guilders, prompting the issuance of notes denominated in the new currency. On the notes, the currency is expressed in the singular, as is the Dutch custom. Surinamese dollar The Surinamese dollar

neg: Gibraltar highest in the world after the British Virgin Islands, and 0.6 banks per 1,000 people, the fifth most banks per capita in the world. , there is very significant uncertainty on continuing access to the EU single market after the forthcoming Brexit. The currency of Gibraltar is the Gibraltar pound, issued by the Government of Gibraltar under the terms of the 1934 "Currency Notes Act". These banknotes are legal tender in Gibraltar alongside Bank of England banknotes. In a currency board arrangement, these notes are issued against reserves of sterling. Clearing and settlement of funds is conducted in sterling. Coins

neg: German Rentenmark Hans Luther brought the period of hyperinflation in Germany to an end. The "Reichsmark" became the new legal tender on 30 August 1924, equal in value to the Rentenmark. This marked a return to a gold-backed currency in connection with the implementation of the Dawes plan. The Rentenbank continued to exist after 1924 and the notes and coins continued to circulate. The last Rentenmark notes were valid until 1948. Coins were issued dated 1923, 1924 and 1925 in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 Rentenpfennig. Only small numbers of Rentenpfennig coins were produced in 1925. A few 1

neg: Money and William of Rubruck. Marco Polo's account of paper money during the Yuan dynasty is the subject of a chapter of his book, "The Travels of Marco Polo", titled "." Banknotes were first issued in Europe by Stockholms Banco in 1661, and were again also used alongside coins. The gold standard, a monetary system where the medium of exchange are paper notes that are convertible into pre-set, fixed quantities of gold, replaced the use of gold coins as currency in the 17th–19th centuries in Europe. These gold standard notes were made legal tender, and redemption into gold coins was discouraged.

neg: Guanzi (currency) expired after 2 years. Around 1264, there were 20,000,000 guanzi in circulation. Guanzi (currency) The guanzi (), was a Song dynasty era form of paper money that served as promissory notes that could be traded for goods and services where the seller that received these notes could go to an issuing agency and redeem the note for strings of coins at a small exchange fee. They were originally introduced as a form of payment to the military at which time the notes were known as "jianqian guanzi" (見錢關子), and circulated alongside the contemporary jiaozi and huizi notes. After 1190 the

neg: Demon Princes largest banks, such as the Bank of Rigel. The SVU is also cheerfully accepted in the Beyond (though some communities use other exchange media, one instance being Dar Sai). The currency is generally presented in the form of notes, with coins being used for fractional units. Bank drafts are widely used for large amounts. The paper notes are validated by means of a widely available device known as a "fake-meter"; in "The Killing Machine", Kirth Gersen intercepts a communication that allows him to deduce how the validation process works, and hence how to counterfeit currency. (Before printing the currency lines

neg: Gambian pound Gambian pound should replace the British West African pound in the colony and an order for unique banknotes was lodged with British banknote printer Bradbury Wilkinson & Co. Ltd. for 10 shilling, £1 and £5 notes. The new notes were issued within four days of the new currency ordinance under the oversight of The Gambia Currency Board, which came into effect on 1 October 1964. The Gambia Currency Board issued The Gambia's first coinage, produced by the Royal Mint, to replace the British West African coins, on 21 November 1966. The values remained the same although the 1 tenth and

neg: Aksumite currency it was under an Aksumite governor. Outside of the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula, coins have been found as far as Israel, Meroe, Egypt, and India. Silver and copper coins are mainly found in Aksum, though some can be traced to Palestinian pilgrim centers. In addition to historical evidence, the coins' use of Ge'ez provides valuable linguistic information. Though rarely used, the vocalization of Ge'ez sometimes employed on Aksumite coins allows linguists to analyze vowel changes and shifts that cannot be represented in the older Semitic abjads such as Hebrew, Arabic, South Arabian, and earlier, unvocalized Ge'ez. Aksumite currency

neg: Yuan (currency) 1948, banknotes were also issued by the Central Bank of China denominated in "customs gold units". These, known as "gold yuan notes", circulated as normal currency in the 1940s alongside the yuan. Banknotes of the yuan suffered from hyperinflation following the Second World War and were replaced in August 1948 by notes denominated in gold yuan, worth 3 million old yuan. There was no link between the gold yuan and gold metal or coins and this yuan also suffered from hyperinflation. In 1948, the Central Bank of China issued notes (some dated 1945 and 1946) in denominations of 1, 2

neg: Decimalisation costing eight cents. To help avoid this, the Decimal Currency Board recommended on inter-currency transactions (e.g., paying 4c with £sd coins, or paying 4d with decimal coins) to pay to the next highest five cents or sixpence to get the correct change. Sri Lanka (known as Ceylon at the time) decimalised in 1869. King Chulalongkorn decimalised the Thai currency in 1897. India changed from the rupee, anna, pie system to decimal currency on 1 April 1957. Yemen Arab Republic introduced coinage system of 1 North Yemeni rial=100 fils in 1974, to replace former system of 1 rial = 40 buqsha