query: what is the border name between india and pakistan

pos: India–Pakistan border the Pakistan's Punjab provincial border, is officially called the "Working Boundary" by Pakistan (which is a recent term) and international border by the Government of India. India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.

pos: India–Pakistan border India–Pakistan border The India–Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the Pakistani four provinces. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, in the north, to the Zero Point between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south. Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging

neg: Wagah Wagah Wagah (, Shahmukhi ) or Wahga is a village and union council (UC 181) located in the Wahga Zone of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The town is famous for the Wagah border ceremony and also serves as a goods transit terminal and a railway station between Pakistan and India. Wagah is situated 600 metres west of the border and lies on the historic Grand Trunk Road between Lahore and Amritsar in India. The border is located from Lahore and from Amritsar. It is also from the bordering village of Attari. The border crossing draws its name from Wahga village, near

neg: Irredentism of historical or ethnic association is by using the adjective "Greater" as a prefix to the country name. This conveys the image of national territory at its maximum conceivable extent with the country "proper" at its core. The use of "Greater" does not always convey an irredentistic meaning. The Afghan border with Pakistan, known as the Durand Line, was agreed to by Afghanistan and British India in 1893. The Pashtun tribes inhabiting the border areas were divided between what have become two nations; Afghanistan never accepted the still-porous border and clashes broke out in the 1950s and 1960s between Afghanistan

neg: China–Pakistan border China–Pakistan border The China-Pakistan border is 438km (272m) and runs west-east from the tripoint with Afghanistan to the disputed tripoint with India in the vicinity of the Siachen Glacier. It traverses the Karakorum Mountains, one of the world's tallest mountain ranges. The modern border dates from the period of the Raj when Britain controlled India, including what is now Pakistan. In 1899 the British, via its envoy to China Sir Claude MacDonald, proposed what became known as the MacDonald Line to the Chinese government, however the Chinese never responded to the proposal and thus the border was never formalised. Over

neg: Transport between India and Pakistan bus service connecting the Indian capital of Delhi with the city of Lahore, Pakistan via the border transit post at Wagah, which is the only border crossing point between India and Pakistan opened for international travelers. The bus was of symbolic importance to the efforts of the governments of both nations to foster peaceful and friendly relations. In its inaugural run on February 19, 1999, the bus carried the then-Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who was to attend a summit in Lahore and was received by his Pakistani counterpart, Nawaz Sharif at Wagah. Its official name is the "Sada-e-Sarhad"

neg: Kartarpur Corridor Kartarpur Corridor The Kartarpur Corridor () is a proposed border corridor between the neighbouring nations of India and Pakistan, connecting the Sikh shrines of Dera Baba Nanak Sahib (located in Punjab, India) and Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur (in Punjab, Pakistan). Currently under planning, the corridor is intended to allow religious devotees from India to visit the Gurdwara in Kartarpur, from the Pakistan-India border, without a visa. The Kartarpur Corridor was first proposed in early 1999 by the prime ministers of Pakistan and India, Nawaz Sharif and Atal Bihari Vajpayee, respectively, during the Delhi–Lahore Bus ("Sada-e-Sarhad") initiative between India and Pakistan.

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and India and harsh reactions by the Indian and Pakistan armed forces and governments. Later in October 2014, the situation became aggressive, following which Indian Defence

neg: Durand Line short border with Afghanistan as part of its claim to the whole of Jammu and Kashmir. The claimed border covers about 105km (65m) of the eastern-most section of the Afghan-Pakistan boundary (i.e. the border between Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor bordering Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan province, formerly the Northern Areas). In 2010 Richard Holbrooke, Special US Representative for Pakistan and Afghanistan, caused some controversy in India by stating that "India doesn't have a common border with Afghanistan". In 2015 national security advisor Ajit Doval re-affirmed the Indian claim to an Afghan border. Durand Line The Durand Line () is the international border between Pakistan

neg: Gugdar The Jamia Mosque in Gugdar attracts huge crowds on Friday and Eid prayers and offers opportunities for locals to get together and celebrate. The National Bank of Pakistan has a branch in Gugdar. Gugdar Bazaar burned in fire in the late 1980s by, what looked like, accidental fire which started in huge can of kerosene oil. As most of the shops were made of timber it took only a few minutes for fire to destroy whole bazaar. Indian army missiles struck Gugdar during tensions between India and Pakistan in 2003, as the India-Pakistan border is nearby. Recent years have seen

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported "surgical strikes" by India against militant launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir. Pakistan rejected that a strike took place, stating that Indian troops had not crossed the Line of Control but had only skirmished with Pakistani troops at the border, resulting in the deaths of two Pakistani soldiers and the wounding of nine. Pakistan rejected India's reports of any other casualties. Pakistani sources reported that at least 8 Indian soldiers were killed in the exchange, and one was

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) along the Line of Control by troops to maintain the ceasefire. India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported "surgical strikes" by India against militant launch pads across the Line of Control in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir. Pakistan rejected that a strike took place, stating that Indian troops had not crossed the Line of Control but had only skirmished with Pakistani troops at the border, resulting in the deaths of two Pakistani soldiers and the wounding of nine. Pakistan rejected India's reports of any other casualties. Pakistani sources reported that at least

neg: India–Pakistan relations created Pakistan during independence came to be known as the Muhajir people; they are settled predominantly in Karachi and still maintain family links in India. Relations between Pakistan and India have also resumed through platforms such as media and communications. Aman ki Asha is a joint venture and campaign between "The Times of India" and the "Jang Group" calling for mutual peace and development of diplomatic and cultural relations. The Indo-Pakistani border is the official international boundary that demarcates the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat from the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh. The Wagah border is the

neg: India–Pakistan relations only road crossing between India and Pakistan and lies on the famous Grand Trunk Road, connecting Lahore, Pakistan with Amritsar, India. Each evening, the Wagah border ceremony takes place at the Wagah border in which the flags are lowered and guards on both sides make a pompous military display and exchange handshakes. Hindustani is the linga franca of North India and Pakistan, as well as the official language of both countries, under the standard registers Hindi and Urdu, respectively. Standard Urdu is mutually intelligible with Standard Hindi. Hindustani is also widely understood and used as a lingua franca amongst South

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) chiefs General Rashad Mahmood reportedly marked that Narendra Modi is threat to peace and if he wants war then he will see just what the unified Pakistani military will do to India. On 12 October 2014, Pakistan's National Security Adviser (NSA), Sartaj Aziz, sent letter to UN and appealed to resolve the crises. However, the United Nations rejected Pakistan's proposal to intervene in the crisis and reiterated that the dispute be resolved through bilateral discussions. According to claim by the Director-General of Pakistan Rangers Major-General Tahir Javaid Khan, India fired close to 30,000 mortar rounds between 2010 and 2014. He

neg: Afghanistan–Pakistan relations several Afghan trucks delivered fruits from Afghanistan to the Wagah border with India in June 2011. With the completion of the APTTA, the United States and other NATO states are planning to revive the ancient Silk Road. This is to help the local economies of Afghanistan and Pakistan by connecting South Asia with Central Asia and the Middle East. The APTTA is intended to improve trade between the two countries but Pakistan often delays Afghan-bound containers, especially after the 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan. In July 2012, Afghanistan and Pakistan agreed to extend APTTA to Tajikistan in what will be

neg: Border control reviewing visa petitions and applications as well as processing asylum claims. Physical controls on the internationally recognised portions of Pakistan's international borders are managed by dedicated paramilitary units (the Pakistan Rangers on the border with India, and the Frontier Corps elsewhere). The Pakistan-administered side of the Line of Control between the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and Azad Kashmir is patrolled by the Pakistan Army. The Pakistan Rangers are a paramilitary law enforcement organisation in Pakistan and have a primary mission of securing important sites such as Pakistan's International Border with India as well as employed in internal security

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) Ki-moon's spokesperson issued a statement that he wants the both countries "to engage constructively to find a long-term solution for peace and stability in Kashmir". India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) The India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) were a series of armed skirmishes and firing exchanges between the Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region, as well as Punjab. Started from mid-July 2014, military officials and media reports of both countries gave different accounts of the incidents, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage both in Pakistan and

neg: Barki, Pakistan Barki, Pakistan Barki (), is a village in Lahore District of Punjab, Pakistan near Lahore. . It is located near border with Punjab, India before the creation of Pakistan in 1947 it joined through Harikey Road. You have to travel about 11 kilometers from Allama Iqbal International Airport to reach village Barki. It is on the bank of Bambawali-Ravi-Bedian Canal where Major Aziz Bhatti was martyred (Jam-e Shahadat) in 1965 war between Pakistan and India. Its importance is as a central place for many border small and big villages and towns on Pakistan side. The village was also captured by

neg: 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes The 2001 Bangladesh-India border dispute conflict took place in the third week of April 2001 between troops of the Bangladesh Rifles (BDR), which is now known as the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), and the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the poorly marked international border between the two countries. The Partition of Bengal in 1947 left a poorly demarcated international border between India and Bangladesh (then East Pakistan). Ownership of several villages on both sides of the de facto border were disputed and claimed by both countries. The dispute over the demarcation of the Indo-Bangladeshi border

neg: India–Pakistan relations six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Service personnel and a gardener, in total 14 and to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff. The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a military standoff between India and Pakistan that resulted in the massing of troops on either side of the border and along the Line of Control (LoC) in the region of Kashmir. This was the first major military standoff between India and Pakistan since the Kargil War in 1999. The military buildup was initiated by India responding to a 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the 2001

neg: Iran–Pakistan border straight lines, then east along some mountains to the Mashkil river, which it follows southwards, before reaching the Nahang river which it follows westwards. It leaves the Nahang and then goes overland via various mountains ridges and straight line segments southwards to Gwadar Bay in the Gulf of Oman. The modern boundary cuts through the region known as Balochistan, an area long contested between various empires centred in Persia (Iran), Afghanistan and India. From the 17th century onwards the British gradually took control of most of India, including what is now Pakistan, bringing it into close proximity with lands traditionally

neg: Bab-i-Pakistan border crossing with India. Now no one will be allowed to cross border without proper documentations to check the infiltration of terrorists from Afghanistan into Pakistan. Work on the construction of the gate and associated facilities began in 2014 but kept getting delayed because of Afghan reservations and abrupt clashes. Pakistan plans to have similar border control measures at all six major crossing points between the two countries on the 2,600 km-long porous border. Bab-i-Pakistan Bab-i-Pakistan is Pakistan's busiest border gate and crossing terminal with Afghanistan. Pakistan has completed the construction of the border gate, crossing terminal and other associated

neg: Khokhrapar Khokhrapar Khokhrapar or Khokhropar () is a border town situated in Tharparkar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 25°41 North 70°12 East and has an altitude of . Khokhrapar railway station was established in 2016. Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the Sind Mail was run between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Ahmedabad, India via Mirpur Khas, Khokhrapar, Munabao, Barmer, Luni, Jodhpur, Pali, Marwar and Palanpur. After the independence Khokhrapar was the last railway station in Pakistan on Hyderabad, Pakistan - Jodhpur, India railway line and used for customs and immigration. The train service between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Jodhpur, India

neg: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor export trade with India, and allows Afghan goods to be transited up to any border of Pakistan, but does not guarantee Afghan trucks the right to traverse the Wagah Border, nor does the agreement permit Indian goods to be exported to Afghanistan via Pakistan. Owing to continued tensions between India and Pakistan, the Pakistani government expressed reluctance to include India in any trade negotiations with Afghanistan, and as a result, little progress was made between the Afghan and Pakistani sides. In February 2016, the Pakistani government signalled its intention to completely bypass Afghanistan in its quest to access Central Asia

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) confirmed death was of an Indian soldier on 16 June. Subsequently, the ceasefire along the Line of Control largely held, despite sporadic violations, leading to cautious optimism among Indian officials that it would continue. Between early August and early September, Pakistan reported four civilians were killed in Indian cross-border shelling. In addition, India reported two civilian deaths due to Pakistani fire by the start of October and claimed that in retaliation its Army had killed two Pakistani soldiers. Despite this, during military talks between India and Pakistan that were held in mid-August, Pakistan expressed satisfaction on the measures being taken

neg: 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff of the war. 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a military standoff between India and Pakistan that resulted in the massing of troops on either side of the border and along the Line of Control (LoC) in the region of Kashmir. This was the second major military standoff between India and Pakistan following the successful detonation of nuclear devices by both countries in 1998 and the most recent standoff between the nuclear rivals. The other had been the Kargil War in 1999. The military buildup was initiated by India responding to a terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament

neg: 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a military standoff between India and Pakistan that resulted in the massing of troops on either side of the border and along the Line of Control (LoC) in the region of Kashmir. This was the second major military standoff between India and Pakistan following the successful detonation of nuclear devices by both countries in 1998 and the most recent standoff between the nuclear rivals. The other had been the Kargil War in 1999. The military buildup was initiated by India responding to a terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament on 13 December

neg: Montgomery District After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Montgomery District. In 1978, the name of Montgomery District was changed to Sahiwal District. Montgomery District Montgomery District is an administrative district of the former Punjab Province of British India, in what is now Pakistan. Named after Sir Robert Montgomery, it lay in the Bari Doab, or the tract between the Sutlej and the Ravi rivers, extending also across the Ravi into the Rechna Doab, which lies between the Ravi and the Chenab. The administrative headquarters

neg: Military history of Pakistan Pakistanis as being directed towards Pakistan rather than China. The US also pumped in large sums of money and military supplies to Pakistan as it saw Pakistan as being a check against Soviet expansionist plans. Pakistan viewed the military of India as being weakened following the Sino-Indian War in 1962. A small border skirmish between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch in April 1965 caught the Indian Army unprepared. The skirmish occurred between the border police of both countries due to poorly defined borders and later the armies of both countries responded. The result was decisive for the

neg: India–Pakistan border poles. The border between the two Nations is an internationally recognised frontier from Gujarat/Sindh only with exemption to the Line of Control that is not internationally accepted. The Kashmir disputed region is divided by the 1949 UN ceasefire line, established after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, into two main parts and the de facto demarcation dividing Pakistan-administered Kashmir from Indian-administered Kashmir has been called the Line of Control since 1972. Between Pakistan and India lies the Pakistani territories of AJK & Gilgit-Baltistan and, also the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. On the other side where the internal borders of

neg: Benapole Benapole Benapole () is a township in Sharsha Upazila in the Jessore District of Bangladesh. The Petrapole Customs station of India is situated across the border and since 1971 (some sources say 1947), a large number of people have travelled between Bangladesh and India through Benapole Customs / Land port station. The railway link between Bangladesh and India through Benapole was discontinued when war broke out between Pakistan and India in September 1965 (during this time, modern day Bangladesh was part of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan). Urbanization of Benapole started in the 1990s along the Grand Trunk Road. In

neg: Fazilka railway station in 1905. The new wide broad gauge line between Fazilka and Abohar was opened in 2012. After partition of India, a line linked Amrooka on the Pakistan side of the India-Pakistan border, opposite Fazilka, to Samma Satta. The only train running through these tracks was withdrawn in 2011. Fazilka railway station Fazilka railway station is located in Fazilka district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Fazilka. It is a defunct rail transit point on the India-Pakistan border. Fazilka railway station is at an elevation of and was assigned the code – FKA. The Southern Punjab Railway Co. opened

neg: 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff joint headquarters in Rawalpindi". He also wrote that "[t]he Pakistan air force have been seen visibly in a number of locations flying close to the Pakistani-India border, in what is being described as an aggressive patrolling mode, following reports that India is planning pre-emptive strikes against locations in Pakistan". A Pakistan airforce spokesperson said "[i]n view of the current environment, the Pakistan Air Force has enhanced its vigilance". Pakistan army chief General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, said that Pakistan would mount an equal response "within minutes", to any Indian attack. Pakistan continued to combat air patrol over several cities. The Taliban

neg: Afghanistan–Tajikistan border With Russia having conquered the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara, and with Britain controlling India (including what is now Pakistan), the two powers agreed to leave Afghanistan as an independent buffer state between them. In 1873 Britain and Russia agreed on a rough formulation of the border, with the Amu Darya declared to be the border going east from the vicinity of the village of Khwaja Salar to Lake Zorku, with the Wakhan Corridor to remain in Afghanistan. The western section of the border (i.e. the bulk of the modern Afghan-Turkmen boundary) was to be determined at

neg: Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border conquered the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara, and with Britain controlling India (including what is now Pakistan), the two powers agreed to leave Afghanistan as an independent buffer state between them. In 1873 Britain and Russia agreed on a rough formulation of the border, with the Amu Darya declared to be the border going east from the vicinity of the village of Khwaja Salar to Lake Zorku, with the Wakhan Corridor to remain in Afghanistan. The western section of the border (i.e. the bulk of the modern Afghan-Turkmen boundary) was to be determined at a later date

neg: Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border USSR-Afghan border which largely took its current shape during the 19th century Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia known as the Great Game. With Russia having conquered the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara, and with Britain controlling India (including what is now Pakistan), the two powers agreed to leave Afghanistan as an independent buffer state between them. In 1873 Britain and Russia agreed on a rough formulation of the border, with the Amu Darya declared to be the border going east from the vicinity of the village of Khwaja Salar to Lake Zorku, with the Wakhan Corridor to

neg: Sino-Pakistan Agreement not Communist. Sino-Pakistan Agreement The Sino-Pakistan Agreement (also known as the Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement and Sino-Pak Boundary Agreement) is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries. It resulted in China ceding over to Pakistan and Pakistan recognizing Chinese sovereignty over hundreds of square kilometers of land in Northern Kashmir and Ladakh. The agreement is controversial, not recognized as legal by India, which also claims sovereignty over part of the land. In addition to increasing tensions with India, the agreement shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China

neg: Sino-Pakistan Agreement Sino-Pakistan Agreement The Sino-Pakistan Agreement (also known as the Sino-Pakistan Frontier Agreement and Sino-Pak Boundary Agreement) is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries. It resulted in China ceding over to Pakistan and Pakistan recognizing Chinese sovereignty over hundreds of square kilometers of land in Northern Kashmir and Ladakh. The agreement is controversial, not recognized as legal by India, which also claims sovereignty over part of the land. In addition to increasing tensions with India, the agreement shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China closer together

neg: Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline reportedly estimated at US$7.6 billion, but a more recent estimate was $10 billion. The leading partner of the project is Türkmengaz. The pipeline will run from gas fields in Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India. It start from the Galkynysh gas field. In Afghanistan, TAPI pipeline will be constructed alongside the Kandahar–Herat Highway in western Afghanistan, and then via Quetta and Multan in Pakistan. The final destination of the pipeline will be the Indian town of Fazilka, near the border between Pakistan and India. Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline The Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline (TAPI), also known as Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline, is a natural gas

neg: Syed Ali Shah Geelani that dialogue between India and Pakistan starts under diplomatic compulsions, and it is nothing but just a time delaying tactics. He is of the opinion that Kashmirs are not enemies of India or hold any grudge against its inhabitants. We are desirous of a strong India and Pakistan and it is only possible when Kashmir issue is resolved to pave the way for peace, prosperity and development in the region. He said, "Kashmir is not any border dispute between India and Pakistan which they can solve by bilateral understandings. It is the issue concerning future of 15 million people. The

neg: India–Pakistan border from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts. Since the independence of India and Pakistan (see British India), the border has been a site of numerous conflicts and wars between each country, and is one of the most complex borders in the world. The border's total length is , according to the figures given by the PBS; it is also one of the most dangerous borders in the world, based on an article written in the "Foreign Policy" in 2011. It can be seen from space at night due to the 150,000 flood lights installed by India on about 50 thousand

neg: Afghanistan–Iran border by a series of third party arbitrations, stemming from the Treaty of Paris (1857) in which Persia and Afghanistan agreed to refer any dispute between them to Britain for arbitration (at this time Britain controlled large parts of India, including what is now Pakistan). A series of skirmishes between Afghanistan and Persia in 1860s prompted Persian king Naser al-Din Shah Qajar to request that the British formalise the Afghan-Persia boundary. A rough delimitation was proposed in 1872 by a committee headed by Sir Frederic John Goldsmid following a line from Banda to Kuh-i-Malik Siah (a hill at the modern Afghanistan-Iran-Pakistan

neg: History of the Pakistan Air Force $160 million contract for missiles with South Africa, believed to be for the Kentron (now Denel) U-darter imaging-infra-red short range air-to-air missile. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) did not see active combat during the low-intensity Kargil Conflict between India and Pakistan during the summer of 1999 but remained on high air defence alert (ADA) and performed F-16 and F-7MP combat air patrols (CAPs) near the eastern border with India. The PAF closely monitored and tracked the IAF's movements near the Line of Control in Kashmir as well as the India-Pakistan international border. The Pakistan Army faced several problems during its

neg: Hafiz Muhammad Saeed UN security council." Responding to a question about the nuclear warning issued by Indian authorities in Jammu and Kashmir after the 2013 India–Pakistan border incidents, Saeed said that in case of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, India should distribute nuclear safety pamphlets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta rather than in Kashmir. Hafiz Saeed has questioned Pakistan's decision to adopt Urdu (only 8% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as a first language) as its national language in a country where the majority of people speak the Punjabi language. He advocated that Punjabi should be made the national language.<ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2016"></ref>

neg: Muhammad Ali Jinnah Princely States were advised by the departing British to choose whether to join Pakistan or India. Most did so prior to independence, but the holdouts contributed to what have become lasting divisions between the two nations. Indian leaders were angered at Jinnah's attempts to convince the princes of Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bhopal and Indore to accede to Pakistan—the latter three princely states did not border Pakistan. Jodhpur bordered it and had both a Hindu majority population and a Hindu ruler. The coastal princely state of Junagadh, which had a majority-Hindu population, did accede to Pakistan in September 1947, with its ruler's

neg: Chicken's Neck (Pakistan) Chicken's Neck (Pakistan) The Chicken's Neck, or the Akhnoor Dagger, is the name for a narrow strip of Pakistani territory that extends into the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir south of Akhnoor. This sensitive piece of land, which lies on the "de facto" Indo-Pakistani border on the west side of the disputed region of Kashmir, is part of Punjab Province's Sialkot District and measures roughly 170 km². It has been a focal point in all the wars between India and Pakistan, as it is seen as a corridor towards most of Jammu and Kashmir. One of the main thrusts

neg: Bangladesh–India border Boundary Agreement to simplify the border was ratified by both India and Bangladesh on 7 May 2015. The Radcliffe Line was published on 17 August 1947 as a boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan upon the partition of India. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as chairman of the Border Commissions, was charged with equitably dividing of territory with 88 million people. The border is used as a route for smuggling livestock, food items, medicines and drugs from India to Bangladesh. Moreover, illegal immigrants from Bangladesh cross the border to India. Because of a large

neg: Charles Townshend (British Army officer) up the border between today's Pakistan and Afghanistan, a remote, backward area inhibited by Muslim Pashtun hill tribes that were in a state of more or less permanent low-level warfare with the tribes on the British side of the frontier, constantly revolting against the authority of the Raj under the banner of "jihad", while raiders from Afghanistan were crossing over to wage "jihad" against the British infidels. The British Crown Colony of India comprised all of what have since become India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The British never fully controlled the North-West Frontier, and from 2 March – 20 April 1895

neg: Dahagram–Angarpota Dahagram–Angarpota Dahagram–Angarpota is a group of Bangladeshi enclaves in India about 200 m away from the border of Bangladesh. It has a population of 17,000 people as of 2014. Dahagram–Angarpota is the largest Bangladeshi enclave. The enclave falls under Patgram Upazila. In 1954 Pakistan and India signed a treaty over the Dahagram–Angarpota and Berubari enclave, Dahagram–Angarpota, according to the treaty, was meant to go to Pakistan while Berubari was to be divided between India and Pakistan. North Berubari going to India and South Berubari to Pakistan. The treaty was not ratified as it faced legal challenges in India. On 1971

neg: Wagah (film) Wagah (film) Wagah is a 2016 Indian action film written and directed by G. N. R. Kumaravelan. The film features Vikram Prabhu and Ranya Rao in the leading roles, while D. Imman composes the soundtrack. Set in "Wagah", the flashpoint border post between India and Pakistan, the film revolves around an Indian soldier who finds himself in a tough situation when he gets caught by Pakistani soldiers while safely escorting his lady love to her home, Pakistan. Whether and how he succeeds or not is what forms the rest of the film's storyline. "Wagah" was extensively shot in Pahalgam, Jammu

neg: Munabao between Bhagat Ki Kothi near Jodhpur and Karachi, Pakistan which passes through Munabao on India side, Zero Point border station, Khokhrapar on Pakistan side. This train is known as the Thar Express. Apart from this there is a passenger train between Barmer and Munabao. Munabao railway station is on the Marwar Junction-Munabao line. Recently, Pakistan extends Thar link express for 3 years period from 1 February 2018 to 31 January 2021. Munabao Munabao is a village in the Barmer district in Rajasthan in India bordering Pakistan. In February 2006, the two nations reopened the railway line, the Thar Express that

neg: Kargil War Kargil War The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). In India, the conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay (, literally "Victory") which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector. The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers disguised as Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC, which serves as the "de facto" border between

neg: Ganda Singh Wala Ganda Singh Wala Ganda Singh Wala (Punjabi/) is a village in Kasur District in the Punjab, Pakistan. The village was named after Ganda Singh Datt. It lies on the border with Eastern Punjab, India. The Pakistani village, which was named after a Sikh man, lies opposite the Indian village of Hussainiwala, which in turn was named after a Muslim. The border crossing is now closed. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was the principal road crossing between India and Pakistan, but was replaced by the border crossing at Wagah, a little further north. In 2005 there were proposals to reopen

neg: Povindah there has been comparative security on the border. Povindah Povindah was the name of a class of warrior nomadic traders in present-day Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan, who belonged chiefly to the tribes of Ghilzais. Their name, which designates their occupation, is derived from the same root as the Pushtu word for to graze. They were almost wholly engaged in the carrying trade between present-day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia. They assembled every autumn in the plains east of Ghazni, with their families, flocks, herds and long strings of camels and horses, laden with the goods of Bokhara and Kandahar;

neg: Samundri now what remains of them houses the Government Primary School No 4. Migration between India and Pakistan was continuous before the independence. By the 1900s Western Punjab was predominantly Muslim and supported the Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence in August 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from Eastern Punjab in India settled in the Western Punjab and across Pakistan. All villages of the tehsil carry G.B. with their Chak (village) numbers and name of village usually follows it. For example, Chak No. 206 GB, Chak No.209 G.B Lodhinangal Sarwali, Chak

neg: Eastern Frontier Rifles (as the Bengal Military Police) and also in the Second World War. When India and Pakistan became independent in 1947, the force was split between West Bengal and Pakistan and the Pakistani part became the East Pakistan Rifles. When in turn East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) became independent, it was called Bangladesh Rifles, and recently in 2010, it was renamed Border Guards Bangladesh. The West Bengal (i.e. Indian) part of the force, however, retained the original name of Eastern Frontier Rifles. On 1st February 1910, the Silchar and Garo Hills Battalions were amalgamated with Dacca Battalion. Subsequently, in the same year,

neg: Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts legislative Assembly on 1 October 2001. India claimed that the attacks were carried out by two Pakistan-based terror groups fighting Indian administered Kashmir, the Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad, both of whom India has said are backed by Pakistan's ISI a charge that Pakistan denied. The military buildup was initiated by India in response to the twin attacks leading to the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff between India and Pakistan. Troops were amassed on either side of the border and along the Line of Control (LoC) in the region of Kashmir. International media reported the possibility of a nuclear war between the two countries

neg: Ramchand Pakistani the Pakistan-India border near Nagarparkar, in Tharparkar. The film depicts the crossing of the Pakistan-India border, during a period (June 2002) of war-like tension between the two countries, by two members of a Pakistani Hindu family belonging to the 'untouchable' dalit caste, and the extraordinary consequences of this unintended action upon the lives of a woman, a man, and their son. The film is about a Hindu Dalit family living in Pakistan peacefully. Ramchand, the main protagonist, is the son of Shankar and Champa. One day, after an altercation with his mother, Ramchand runs away in anger and, accidentally, crosses

neg: Wagah which the Radcliffe Line, the boundary demarcation line dividing India and Pakistan upon the Partition of British India, was drawn. At the time of independence in 1947, migrants from India entered Pakistan through this border crossing. The Wagah railway station is 400 metres to the south and 100 metres from the border. The Wagah-Attari border ceremony happens at the border gate, two hours before sunset each day. The flag ceremony is conducted by the Pakistan Rangers and Indian Border Security Force (BSF), similar to the retreat ceremonies at Ganda Singh Wala/Hussainiwala border crossing and Mahavir/Sadqi International Parade Ground border crossing.

neg: Sia Kangri Sia Kangri Sia Kangri (7,442 m, 24,370 ft) is a mountain in the Baltoro Muztagh in the Karakoram. Its summit is the tripoint of territory controlled by India, China and Pakistan where the Actual Ground Position Line between Indian and Pakistani forces meets Chinese-controlled territory. Territories on all sides are disputed. The land immediately to the southwest of the peak is claimed by both Pakistan and India and controlled by Pakistan. The land to the northeast is part of the Trans Karakoram Tract, controlled by China under a 1963 border agreement with Pakistan but claimed by India. The land to

neg: Sia Kangri for 20 years. Sia Kangri Sia Kangri (7,442 m, 24,370 ft) is a mountain in the Baltoro Muztagh in the Karakoram. Its summit is the tripoint of territory controlled by India, China and Pakistan where the Actual Ground Position Line between Indian and Pakistani forces meets Chinese-controlled territory. Territories on all sides are disputed. The land immediately to the southwest of the peak is claimed by both Pakistan and India and controlled by Pakistan. The land to the northeast is part of the Trans Karakoram Tract, controlled by China under a 1963 border agreement with Pakistan but claimed by India.

neg: Wagah (film) gave it a 1/5 saying that it was "half-beat and unintentionally funny". Wagah (film) Wagah is a 2016 Indian action film written and directed by G. N. R. Kumaravelan. The film features Vikram Prabhu and Ranya Rao in the leading roles, while D. Imman composes the soundtrack. Set in "Wagah", the flashpoint border post between India and Pakistan, the film revolves around an Indian soldier who finds himself in a tough situation when he gets caught by Pakistani soldiers while safely escorting his lady love to her home, Pakistan. Whether and how he succeeds or not is what forms the

neg: Karakoram Pass Glacier area immediately to the west of the pass. This situation arose from the Simla Agreement, signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan, when the treaty failed to specify the last or so of the cease-fire line from the end of the Line of Control to the border with China. A potential China-India-Pakistan tripoint at Karakoram Pass is referenced in a 1963 boundary treaty between China and Pakistan concerning the Trans-Karakoram Tract, but India was not party to that treaty nor any tripoint agreement. The current "de facto" tripoint is about 100 km west of the pass near Indira Col

neg: 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes on hold for some time. After a brief phone conversation between Indian Director General of Military Operations (DGMO) Lieutenant General Vinod Bhatia and his Pakistani counterpart Major General Ashfaq Nadeem, an Indian spokesman told that the Indian Army has reached an understanding with Pakistan to de-escalate the situation. Pakistan's DGMO conveyed that his troops had been ordered to observe the ceasefire at the LoC strictly and exercise restraint. In the backdrop of the border incident, Indian television news anchors questioned the peace process and cultural and sporting ties between India and Pakistan. The Indian government spoke of the "barbaric and

neg: Mian Ghulam Jilani as a fighter in Kashmir, fighting for its independence and right to join Pakistan. In April 1948, he was appointed Commanding Officer at Gilgit where he remained until the ceasefire. His troops played a major role in establishing what became the line of control between India and Pakistan, which has become a sort of international border for the last half-century. He fought a guerrilla war in northern Kashmir, engaged two divisions of the Indian Army and conquered the whole of Baltistan and was about to attack Leh, when the government of Pakistan agreed to a ceasefire at the behest of

neg: Geography of India along the Indian states of Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Punjab. Both nations delineated a Line of Control (LoC) to serve as the informal boundary between the Indian and Pakistan-occupied areas of Jammu and Kashmir. India shares a border with Afghanistan in northwestern Kashmir, which Pakistan occupies. India's border with Bangladesh runs . West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram are the States which share the border with Bangladesh. Before 2015, there were 92 enclaves of Bangladesh on Indian soil and 106 enclaves of India were on Bangladeshi soil. These enclaves were eventually exchanged in order to simplify the

neg: Military history of India atrocities, about 10 million Bengalis in East Pakistan took refuge in neighbouring India. India intervened in the ongoing Bangladesh liberation movement. After a large scale pre-emptive strike by Pakistan, full-scale hostilities between the two countries commenced. Pakistan attacked at several places along India's western border with Pakistan, but the Indian Army successfully held their positions. The Indian Army quickly responded to the Pakistan Army's movements in the west and made some initial gains, including capturing around of Pakistan territory (land gained by India in Pakistani Kashmir, Pakistani Punjab and Sindh sectors but gifted it back to Pakistan in the Simla

neg: Thaker into one or other of the new dominions. Gujarat, with its proximity to the partition line between Pakistan and India suffered massive violence between its Hindu and Muslim populations, and as a result some Gujaratis who had settled across the border, including members of the Thaker family, fled abroad; primarily to East Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. A large branch of the Thaker family however, still resides in Gujarat and other parts of India to this day. Thaker Thaker (Gujarati: ઠાકર, ), is a family name referring to the descendants of Kashiraj Thaker, an 11th-century Kashmiri Brahmin

neg: China–Pakistan border reaches its southeastern extremity at the Karakoram Pass." The border is not recognised by India, which claims the whole of Jammu and Kashmir state, a claim which negates any Sino-Pakistani border and indeed would give India a common border with Afghanistan. India refuses to recognise the legality of the 1963 Sino-Pakistan treaty or the cession of the Trans-Karakorum Tract (Shaksgam Valley) to China, a position further complicated by the fact that large sections of the rest of the China-India boundary are also disputed. In 1984 India occupied the Siachen glacier in Kashmir, thereby altering the de facto China-Inda-Pakistan tripoint. Article

neg: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts in erstwhile East Pakistan between Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Leader of East Pakistan, and Yahya Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, leaders of West Pakistan. This would culminate in the declaration of Independence of Bangladesh from the state system of Pakistan. Following Operation Searchlight and the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities, about 10 million Bengalis in East Pakistan took refuge in neighbouring India. India intervened in the ongoing Bangladesh liberation movement. After a large scale pre-emptive strike by Pakistan, full-scale hostilities between the two countries commenced. Pakistan attacked at several places along India's western border with Pakistan, but the Indian Army successfully held their

neg: 19 Baloch Regiment Lahore to demarcate the border, a breakdown in talks occurred on the Thako Chak issue. 19 Baluch (R&S) captured this salient in the Jammu Sector; a part lay across the international border and another across the ceasefire line. The Simla Agreement required this minor salient to be divided between India and Pakistan. Although this seemed pointless to India, it became a matter of principle for Pakistan. Talks dragged on endlessly. Ultimately, India resolved this problem by compensating Pakistan elsewhere along the Line of Control. At the outbreak of hostilities, this company was part of Minto Force (named after Lt Col

neg: Border Security Force of BSF. It is Rann of Kutch (an extensive salt marsh of western India and southeast Pakistan between the Gulf of Kutch and the Indus River delta. It was the scene of major border disputes in 1965 and 1971). Creek (Gujarat): In order to thwart landing of terrorists through the sea route, BSF has formed its first commando unit—Creek Crocodiles—to man the hostile creek area where India shares a border with Pakistan. Creeks are a very hostile terrain, constituting numerous raised grounds having mangroves and a network of water channels which are quite shallow where all movements are tide dependent.

neg: Wagah-Attari border ceremony Wagah-Attari border ceremony The lowering of the flags ceremony at the Wagah border is a daily military practice that the security forces of India (Border Security Force, BSF) and Pakistan (Pakistan Rangers) have jointly followed since 1959. The drill is characterized by elaborate and rapid dancelike manoeuvres and raising legs as high as possible, which have been described as "colourful". It is alternatively a symbol of the two countries’ rivalry, as well as brotherhood and cooperation between the two nations. Similar parades are being organised at Mahavir/Sadqi border near Fazilka and Hussainiwala/Ganda Singh Wala border near Firozpur. This ceremony takes

neg: Train to Pakistan (film) Train to Pakistan (film) Train to Pakistan is a 1998 Indian Hindi film adapted from Khushwant Singh's 1956 classic novel by the same name set in the Partition of India of 1947 and directed by Pamela Rooks. The film stars Nirmal Pandey, Rajit Kapur, Mohan Agashe, Smriti Mishra, Mangal Dhillon and Divya Dutta. The film is set in Mano Majra, which is a quiet village on the border of India and Pakistan, close to where the railway line crosses the Sutlej River. The film develops around the love affair of small-time dacoit Juggut Singh (Nirmal Pandey), with a local Muslim

neg: Wagah Following India's erection of a 360ft (110m) flagpole on their side of the border in Attari, in August 2017, a 400ft (122m) flag was installed on the Wagah side. The flagpole in Wagah is considered the tallest in South Asia. The pole in Attari is the largest in India. Wagah Wagah (, Shahmukhi ) or Wahga is a village and union council (UC 181) located in the Wahga Zone of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The town is famous for the Wagah border ceremony and also serves as a goods transit terminal and a railway station between Pakistan and India. Wagah is

neg: 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff could stop Pakistan's support for the militants in Kashmir. India accused Pakistan that it was failing to keep its promise on ending the cross-border terrorism. Musharraf's follow-up to his speech on January 12th was observed by India as weak and disingenuous. Pakistan did not extradite the terrorist leaders demanded by India, and Lashkar was allowed to continue its operations in Pakistan as a charity with a new name. During the spring, jihadi militants started crossing the Line of Control again. On May 18, Vajpayee reviewed the preparedness with the Defence Minister Fernandez, Director-General Military Operations and Military Intelligence Chief. The

neg: Indira Col the col 2.4 km to the east as "Indira Col East (Workman)." The Indira Col is 2 km east of the point (about a km southeast of the peak of Sia Kangri) where the Actual Ground Position Line between Indian and Pakistani forces meets the border with China. Territories on all sides are disputed. The land immediately to the south of the col is claimed by both Pakistan and India and is controlled by India. The land to the north of Indira Col is part of the Trans-Karakoram Tract, controlled by China under a 1963 border agreement with Pakistan but

neg: Kulbhushan Jadhav High Commission also sought consular access to Jadhav but Pakistan did not agree to it. Pakistan's diplomat to India said that consular access wasn't automatic during cases related to security, explaining Jadhav had been travelling "under a fake name with an original Indian passport" since 2003. According to Indian sources, Jadhav was abducted by Pakistan's forces from the Iran–Pakistan border and Pakistan fabricated his documents and leaked them without realising there were glaring inconsistencies in the same. According to sections of Indian media, the Sunni group Jaish ul-Adl is responsible for the kidnapping of Jadhav from the Iran–Pakistan border. According

neg: Hili railway station East Pakistan, later Bangladesh. Hili railway station located in Bangladeshi territory is a stone’s throw away from Indian territory. Much trade between Bangladesh and India goes on via the Hili border. Smuggling is rampant at the Hili border. Smuggled goods comprise sugar, onion, saris, medicines and even contraband drugs. Bangladesh border guards hold up trains to help the smugglers. Hili railway station Hili () is a railway station in Hakimpur Upazila in Dinajpur District of Rangpur Division in Bangladesh. It is right on the Bangladesh-India border and has land border crossing arrangements. The other side of the border is also

neg: Aman ki Asha the Jang Group both partnered with Friends Without Borders and stepped up their joint-efforts after the Dil se Dil ("From Heart to Heart") Border Concert was canceled in August 2007. "Peace efforts between India and Pakistan are the real need of the hour and only prudence, foresightedness and sincerity can do wonders for both countries. In this people of India and Pakistan communicate with each other." Aman ki Asha Aman ki Asha (, , translation: "Hope for Peace") is a campaign jointly started by two leading media houses, The Jang Group of Pakistan, and The Times of India in India.

neg: 2014 Wagah border suicide attack 2014 Wagah border suicide attack On 2 November 2014, a suicide bombing took place at Wagah border following the daily border ceremony in Pakistan. The attack was claimed by three rival militant groups. On the midnight of 9 January 2015, the FIA team led by special agents reportedly hunted and killed the mastermind of the attack in a police encounter which took place in Lahore. The Pakistan government officials confirmed the veracity of the reports. A daily ceremonial closing of the border between India and Pakistan takes place at the Wagah border with tourists sitting on the respective sides of

neg: India–Pakistan relations new bus service between Srinagar and Muzaffarabad has also helped bring the two sides closer. Pakistan and India have also decided to co-operate on economic fronts. Some improvements in the relations are seen with the re-opening of a series of transportation networks near the India–Pakistan border, with the most important being bus routes and railway lines. A major clash between Indian security forces and militants occurred when a group of insurgents tried to infiltrate into Kashmir from Pakistan in July 2005. The same month also saw a Kashmiri militant attack on Ayodhya and Srinagar. However, these developments had little impact

neg: Durand Line a Pakistani official, 24,000 Afghans returned to Afghanistan, while 700 Pakistanis returned to Pakistan, before the border was indefinitely closed again. On 20 March, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ordered the reopening of Afghanistan–Pakistan border as a "goodwill gesture", 32 days after it was closed. On 5 May, following an attack on Pakistani census team by Afghan forces and the resulting exchange of fire between the two sides, the border was closed again. On 27 May, Pakistan reopened the border after a request from Afghan authorities, marking the end of the border closure that lasted 22 days. India claims a

neg: Sarwar Azam and 1985. This escalated to armed conflicts between the two militaries in the early 2000s (decade). The 2001 Indian–Bangladeshi border conflict was a brief armed conflict in April 2001 between India and Bangladesh over the poorly marked international border between the countries. , it was the first and only such major conflict between the two countries who have maintained friendly relations since the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. The Partition of Bengal in 1947 left a poorly demarcated international border between India and Bangladesh (then-East Pakistan). Ownership of several villages on both sides of the de facto border were disputed and

neg: India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) during a ceasefire violation. On 12 May, India claimed that a civilian was killed as result of Pakistan firing in Gulpur-Degawar area in Poonch district of Jammu division. On 16 May, India claimed that a BSF soldier was killed as result of Pakistan firing on Mangu Chak border outpost on the international border. Pakistan also claimed that 1 of its civilian was killed as result of Indian firing On 19 May, India claimed that a BSF soldier and four civilians were killed as a result of Pakistan firing in R S Pura and Arnia sectors of Jammu. Pakistan claimed that

neg: Fazilka to the Partition of India in 1947. The Radcliffe Line, the border recommended by departing British colonial authorities, divides natural resources, houses, and people. The Satluj River, which is a common source of water, is a border between the two countries. Before partition, 50% of Fazilka's population was Muslim. All of them left India for Pakistan in 1947. Most of the villages around Fazilka are dominated by Muslim families, mainly the Bodla, Watto, Sahoo Rajpoot, Kalya Rajpoot and Chistis clans. Many people from Fazilka pay an annual visit to Katasraj — a Hindu holy city in Pakistan — usually in

neg: Gilgit-Baltistan other international organisations as "Pakistan administered Kashmir". Gilgit-Baltistan is six times the size of Azad Kashmir. The territory also borders Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir state to the south and is separated from it by the Line of Control, the "de facto" border between India and Pakistan. The territory of present-day Gilgit-Baltistan became a separate administrative unit in 1970 under the name "Northern Areas". It was formed by the amalgamation of the former Gilgit Agency, the Baltistan district and several small former princely states, the larger of which being Hunza and Nagar. In 2009, it was granted limited autonomy and renamed

neg: Pakistan Naval Air Arm Atlantique shootdown Pakistan Naval Air Arm Atlantique shootdown On 10 August 1999, a Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft of the Pakistan Naval Air Arm was shot down by a MiG 21 fighter of the Indian Air Force over the Rann of Kutch, on the border between India and Pakistan. All 16 people on board the Atlantic were killed. The episode took place just a month after the Kargil War, aggravating already tense relations between the two countries. Foreign diplomats based in Pakistan escorted to the site by the Pakistani Army noted that the plane may have crossed the border. They also believed

neg: Kashmir conflict not keeping a warlike mentality but did not know what Indian intransigence would lead Pakistan and its people to. India accused Pakistan of ceasefire violations and Nehru complained of 'warmongering propaganda' in Pakistan. On 15 July 1951 the Pakistani Prime Minister complained that the bulk of the Indian Army was concentrated on the Indo-Pakistan border. The prime ministers of the two countries exchanged telegrams accusing each other of bad intentions. Liaquat Ali Khan rejected Nehru's charge of warmongering propaganda. Khan called it a distortion of the Pakistani press' discontent with India over its persistence in not holding a plebiscite and

neg: Tariq Majid conflict with India". Responding to the India's military movement at the India-Pakistan border in 2010, General Majid told the Pakistan's media representatives at the ISPR that "the Indian army knows the capacity of the Pakistan armed forces. Responding to the Indian Army's Chief of Staff's statement of Indian military preparations to fight China and Pakistan simultaneously, Majid told the journalists that "leave alone China, General Deepak Kapoor knows very well what the Indian Army can not and Pakistan Armed Forces can pull off militarily. As chairman joint chiefs, Majid notably terminated all military debriefings of senior scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan

neg: Beena Sarwar Beena Sarwar Beena Sarwar is a journalist, artist and filmmaker from Pakistan focusing on human rights, gender, media and peace. She is currently the Pakistan Editor of the Aman ki Asha (Hope for Peace) initiative, that aims to develop peace between the countries of India and Pakistan. The initiative is jointly sponsored by the Jang group in Pakistan and the Times of India across the border. Prior to her current position, Beena has worked as an Assistant Editor at The Star, as Features Editor at The Frontier Post, and was the founding Editor of The News on Sunday in 1993.

neg: India–Russia relations co-produce the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 jet fighter in India, which the Soviet Union had earlier denied to China. In 1965 the Soviet Union served successfully as peace broker between India and Pakistan after an Indian-Pakistani border war. The Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers, literally Premier of the Soviet Union, Alexei Kosygin, met with representatives of India and Pakistan and helped them negotiate an end to the military conflict over Kashmir. In 1971 the former East Pakistan region initiated an effort to secede from its political union with West Pakistan. India supported the secession and, as a guarantee against possible

neg: Transport between India and Pakistan the Samjhauta Express connecting the Indian city of Attari with the Pakistani city of Lahore. Since the successful launch of the Delhi-Lahore Bus in 1999, both nations have worked to established multiple bus and train services connecting cities across the borders in the Punjab region and Sindh as well as between Indian-administered Kashmir and Pakistan-administered Kashmir across the Line of Control (LoC)the boundary line denoting rival areas of control in the disputed region of Kashmir, which is not an official international border. India and Pakistan have no official trade relations due to ongoing tensions. The Delhi-Lahore Bus is a passenger

neg: Energy policy of Pakistan through Wagha border from India. India would import the required LNG and re-gasified LNG (RLNG) would be pumped through its pipelines up to the border point. Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline is pending for a long time to receive PNG from Iran for the needs of both Pakistan and India. Energy policy of Pakistan The energy policy of Pakistan is formulated and determined by the federal, provincial, and local institutional entities in Pakistan, which address the issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption of energy, such as gas mileage and petroleum standards. Energy policy requires the proper legislation, international treaties, subsidies and

neg: Poonch district, India used by Indian Army. There is no railway connectivity to Poonch yet. Road Poonch district is connected to the summer capital jammuby an all-weather road. It also has road connectivity with Srinagar through the pictureresque Mughal Road. A bus across the LOC, the Poonch-Rawalakot bus has helped to re-establish ties across the border. Poonch district, India District Poonch or Punch is one of the most remote districts of Jammu and Kashmir. It is bounded by the Line of Control (boundary between Indian and Pakistan administered Kashmir) on three sides (north, west and south). The 1947-48 war between India and Pakistan

neg: Sheikh Abdullah 1971, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence was proclaimed on 26 March by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and subsequently the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out in erstwhile East Pakistan between Pakistan and Bangladesh joined later by India, and subsequently war broke out on the western border of India between India and Pakistan, both of which culminated in the creation of Bangladesh. Sheikh Abdullah watching the alarming turn of events in the subcontinent realised that for the survival of this region there was an urgent need to stop pursuing confrontational politics and promoting solution of issues by a process of reconciliation and dialogue

neg: Tourism in Punjab, India of Amritsar, Punjab, India, and Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The border is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Lahore and 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Amritsar. It is also 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the bordering village of Attari. Wagah, named Wahga in Pakistan, is a village near which the accepted Radcliffe Line, the boundary demarcation line dividing India and Pakistan upon the Partition of India, was drawn.[2] The village lies 600 meters west of the Border line. At the time of independence in 1947, the migrants from the Indian parts of the subcontinent entered the present day Pakistan through this

neg: Shakoor Lake of Great Rann of Kutch is still disputed though. Shakoor Lake Shakoor Lake is a lake, comprising 300 km, located on the border between the Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province on the southern edge of Pakistan. About 90 km of the lake comes under Pakistan, whilst the majority of the lake i.e. 210 km, lies within India. The Indian built Indo-Pak Border Road runs across the Shakoor Lake and it is joined by the Indian GJ SH 45 State Highway just east of the lake, at the Kanjarkot Fort. During the 2010 Pakistan floods, a controversial decision

neg: Military history of Pakistan series of conferences on Kashmir was held from December 1962 to February 1963 between India and Pakistan. Both nations offered important concessions and a solution to the long-standing dispute seemed imminent. However, after the Sino-Indian war, Pakistan had gained an important new ally in China and Pakistan then signed a bilateral border agreement with China that involved the boundaries of the disputed state, and relations with India again became strained. Fearing a communist expansion into India, the US for the first time gave large quantities of weapons to India. The expansion of the Indian armed forces was viewed by most