query: thasos revolted in order to be free of

pos: Thasian rebellion assist in suppressing the helot rebellion, and the First Peloponnesian War would be afoot. Thasian rebellion The Thasian rebellion was an incident in 465 BC, in which Thasos rebelled against Athenian control, seeking to renounce its membership in the Delian League. The rebellion was prompted by a conflict between Athens and Thasos over control of silver deposits on the Thracian mainland, which Thasos had traditionally mined. The rebellion was eventually crushed, after a long and difficult siege, but not before Sparta had secretly promised to invade Attica in support of the Thasians. The Spartans were prevented from making good on

pos: Thasian rebellion Thasian rebellion The Thasian rebellion was an incident in 465 BC, in which Thasos rebelled against Athenian control, seeking to renounce its membership in the Delian League. The rebellion was prompted by a conflict between Athens and Thasos over control of silver deposits on the Thracian mainland, which Thasos had traditionally mined. The rebellion was eventually crushed, after a long and difficult siege, but not before Sparta had secretly promised to invade Attica in support of the Thasians. The Spartans were prevented from making good on this promise only by an earthquake in Laconia, which triggered a helot rebellion. Thucydides

neg: Hegetorides shocked from their determination, sued for peace, and pardoned Hegetorides. The main classical authority on the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides, does not mention Hegetorides at all, and appears to mention Thasos itself only once, in the context of Galepsus, a colony of Thasos (Book V of his "History of the Pelponnesian War"). It is possible that the story of Hegetorides originates prior to the Peloponnesian War, as Thasos revolted from the Athenian alliance around 463 BC and was attacked by Athens. Unfortunately, as respects the legitimacy of the tale, the Thasians do not appear to have sued for peace. When, in

neg: Thasos indemnity and an annual contribution (in 449 BC this was 21 talents, from 445 BC about 30 talents), and resign their possessions on the mainland. In 411 BC, at the time of the oligarchical revolution at Athens, Thasos again revolted from Athens and received a Lacedaemonian governor; but in 407 BC the partisans of Lacedaemon were expelled, and the Athenians under Thrasybulus were admitted. After the Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC), Thasos again fell into the hands of the Lacedaemonians under Lysander who formed a decarchy there; but the Athenians must have recovered it, for it formed one of the

neg: Thasos the danger, the Thasians employed their revenues to build war ships and strengthen their fortifications. This excited the suspicions of the Persians, and Darius compelled them to surrender their ships and pull down their walls. After the defeat of Xerxes the Thasians joined the Delian League; but afterwards, on account of a difference about the mines and marts on the mainland, they revolted. The Athenians defeated them by sea, and, after a siege that lasted more than two years, took the capital, Thasos, probably in 463 BC, and compelled the Thasians to destroy their walls, surrender their ships, pay an

neg: Hegetorides 411 BC, Thasos revolted again during the Peloponnesian War, a Spartan governor assumed power on the island, suggesting the Thasians, rather than suing for peace, prevailed over Athens. Hegetorides Hegetorides was a citizen of the Greek island of Thasos during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BC), mentioned by the 2nd-century historian Polyaenus. Lemprière's "Classical Dictionary" claims that when Hegetorides saw that his city was besieged by Athenian forces and that there was a law declaring death to anyone who spoke of peace, he went into the agora with a rope tied around his neck. He told his

neg: Pentecontaetia settlements on the Carian and Lycian coast to rebel against Persia. This led the Persian army to mobilize a force to fight Cimon in the Battle of Eurymedon in Pamphylsia. Cimon was able to defeat the Persian army swiftly and the war profits were used to finance Athens' city walls. 465—Operations in Northern Greece: Athens' powers and desire for expansion grow. In 465, after cleruchizing the Chersonese, they tried to gain control of Thasos. Thucydides wrote that Sparta contemplated an invasion of Attica in order to help free Thasos. However, in the aftermath of a catastrophic earthquake and subsequent helot

neg: Thasos subjects of dispute between them and Philip II of Macedonia. In the embroilment between Philip V of Macedonia and the Romans, Thasos submitted to Philip, but received its freedom at the hands of the Romans after the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), and it was still a "free" state in the time of Pliny. Thasos was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, now known as the Byzantine Empire, from 395 on. According to the 6th century "Synecdemus", it belonged to the province of Macedonia Prima, although the 10th century "De thematibus" claims that it was part of Thracia. The island

neg: Cimon brother-in-law in 450 BC is sometimes called the Peace of Cimon as Callias' efforts may have led to a renewal of Cimon's earlier treaty. He had served Athens well during the Persian Wars and according to Plutarch: "In all the qualities that war demands he was fully the equal of Themistocles and his own father Miltiades". After his successes in Asia Minor, Cimon moved to the Thracian colony Chersonesus. There he subdued the local tribes and ended the revolt of the Thasians between 465 BC and 463 BC. Thasos had revolted from the Delian League over a trade rivalry with

neg: Battle of the Eurymedon attempts have been made to reassemble the chronology, but there is no definitive answer. The assumption central to these attempts is that Thucydides is describing the events in the appropriate chronological order. The one firmly accepted date is 465 BC for the beginning of the Siege of Thasos. This is based on an ancient scholiast's annotation of a copy of Aeschines's works. The scholiast notes that the Athenians met disaster at the 'Nine-Ways' in the archonship of Lysitheus (known to be 465/464 BC). Thucydides mentions this attack on the 'Nine-Ways' in connection with the beginning of the Siege of Thasos,

neg: Thasos (town) are on display at the Archaeological Museum of Thasos in Thasos town. Thasos (town) Thasos (, "Thásos") is a town on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. It is the capital and main town of the island. The town is also called Limenas Thasou or for short just Limenas (, "Liménas Thásou", "Harbour of Thasos") to distinguish the town from the island on which it is situated. The town is located on the northeast corner of the island, approximately south of Kavala. The current town was built west from the ancient town. In and around Thasos, there are many

neg: Thasos (town) Thasos (town) Thasos (, "Thásos") is a town on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. It is the capital and main town of the island. The town is also called Limenas Thasou or for short just Limenas (, "Liménas Thásou", "Harbour of Thasos") to distinguish the town from the island on which it is situated. The town is located on the northeast corner of the island, approximately south of Kavala. The current town was built west from the ancient town. In and around Thasos, there are many ruins dating from antiquity. Most of the finds from local archaeological sites

neg: Kavala AirSea Show aerial history of Thasos has recently become an interesting topic for the historical researchers, particularly after the discovery of the wreckage of a Sopwith Camel of the Royal Canadian Air Force, which was crashed on the mountains of Thasos in 1917. Kavala AirSea Show Kavala AirSea Show is a free annual airshow held above the harbour of Kavala, Greece. The show takes place over the course of three days, usually during the last 10 days of June (Friday to Sunday), and features various types of aircraft, helicopters and parachutists from all over Europe and the Middle-East, including the Saudi Hawks

neg: Thasos Thasos Thasos or Thassos () is a Greek island, geographically part of the North Aegean Sea, but administratively part of the Kavala regional unit. It is the northernmost major Greek island, and 12th largest by area. Thasos is also the name of the largest town of the island (officially known as "Limenas Thasou", "Port of Thasos"), situated at the northern side, opposite the mainland and about from Keramoti. Thassos island is known from ancient times for its termae making it a climatic and balneoclimateric resort area. Thasos' economy relies on timber (it is rich in forests), marble quarries, olive oil

neg: Neapolis (Thrace) were collected in its own harbour. At one point, property of Neapolitans in Thasos was confiscated by the oligarchs related to a situation from before 463 BC when the Thasian "peraia" was detached from Thasos. Despite the defection of Thasos from the Delian league in 411 BC, Neapolis remained loyal, causing the Neapolitan oligarchs to flee to Thasos and the confiscation of their property. Neapolis was besieged by the Thasians unsuccessfully, causing the Athenians to praise them for their loyalty and for participating in the siege of Thasos itself in 410 or 409 BC. Around 350 BC, Philip II of

neg: Leodamas of Thasos of Thasos the Leodamas of Thasos Leodamas of Thasos (, c. 380 BC) was a Greek mathematician and a contemporary of Plato, about whom little is known. There are two references to Leodamas in Proclus's "Commentary on Euclid": "At this time [Plato's time] also lived Leodamas of Thasos, Archytas of Tarentum, and Theaetetus of Athens, by whom the "Plato, it is said, taught this method [analysis] to Leodamas, who is also reported to have made many discoveries in geometry by and one in Diogenes Laertius' "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", Book 3 (Plato): "He [Plato] was the first to

neg: Thasos Thasos' mountainous terrain facilitated resistance activity against the occupation forces, mainly led by the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM). After the end of the war and the withdrawal of Axis troops in 1944, the island was caught up in the Greek Civil War. The leader of the communist naval forces in the civil war, Sarantis Spintzos, was a native of Thasos. Skirmishes and communist guerilla attacks continued on Thasos until 1950, almost a year after the main hostilities were over on the mainland. In the post-war decades, another native of Thasos, Costas Tsimas, was to attain national recognition; a friend

neg: Getty kouros a professor of geology at the University of Georgia, who measured the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and traced the stone to the island of Thasos. The marble was found to have a composition of 88% dolomite and 12% calcite, by x-ray diffraction. His isotopic analysis revealed that δO = -2.37 and δC = +2.88, which from database comparison admitted one of five possible sources: Denizli, Doliana, Marmara, Mylasa, or Thasos-Acropolis. Further, trace element analysis of the kouros eliminated Denizli. With the high dolomite content Thasos was determined to be the likeliest source with a 90% probability. The second test

neg: Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos also be that the church of Philippi was led by women like Lydia or Euodia and Syntyche. The issue is further complicated by the fact that Polycarp's letter to the Philippians of about 160 is not addressed to a bishop but to the congregation. Known bishops include: Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos The Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos () is a Greek Orthodox metropolitan see in eastern Macedonia, Greece. It was founded in the ancient city of Philippi, where it was based until the destruction of the host city in the 14th or 15th century. Today it is

neg: Archaeological Museum of Thasos Archaeological Museum of Thasos The Archaeological Museum of Thasos is a museum located in Limenas on the island of Thasos, East Macedonia, Greece. It occupies a house that was built in 1934 and recently extended. Storerooms and workshops have already been organised, and nowadays is fully operational: the shop, the official functions room, the old wing, the prehistoric collection, and the new section. The exhibits consist in collections of sculpture, pottery, and architectural remains from the Neolithic to the Roman period on Thasos. The most important exhibits from the early period are a clay amphora from the Neolithic settlement and

neg: Hegemon of Thasos s.v. Hegemon, of Thasos, p. 652. This article in turn cites: Fragments: Interpretation: See also D. Panomitros,"Hegemon of Thasos and Pleasure from Parody, Ancient Testimonies and Eustathius οn the Parodist", Proceedings of the XIth Congress of FIEC, v.3, Athens 2004:504-513. Hegemon of Thasos Hegemon of Thasos () was a Greek writer of the Old Comedy. Hardly anything is known of him, except that he flourished during the Peloponnesian War. According to Aristotle ("Poetics", ii. 5) he was the inventor of a kind of parody; by slightly altering the wording in well-known poems he transformed the sublime into the ridiculous. When

neg: Thasos a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Thasos was created out of part of the former Kavala Prefecture. The municipality, unchanged at the Kallikratis reform, includes a few uninhabited islets besides the main island Thasos and has an area of 380.097 km. The province of Thasos () was one of the provinces of the Kavala Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006. Thasos island is located in the northern Aegean sea approximately from the northern mainland and south-east of Kavala, and is of generally rounded shape, without deep

neg: Thasos Panagia area where one of the mountains near the Thracian Sea has a large marble quarry. The marble quarries in the south (in the area of Aliki), now abandoned, were mined during ancient times. Towns and villages with over 100 inhabitants (2011 census) are: Thasos Thasos or Thassos () is a Greek island, geographically part of the North Aegean Sea, but administratively part of the Kavala regional unit. It is the northernmost major Greek island, and 12th largest by area. Thasos is also the name of the largest town of the island (officially known as "Limenas Thasou", "Port of Thasos"),

neg: Thasos opened by the Phoenicians on the east side of the island, facing Samothrace. Archilochus described Thasos as "an ass's backbone crowned with wild wood." The island's capital, Thasos, had two harbours. Besides its gold mines, the wine, nuts and marble of Thasos were well known in antiquity. Thasian wine was quite famous. Thasian coins had the head of the wine god Dionysos on one side and bunches of grape of the other. Thasos was important during the Ionian Revolt against Persia. After the capture of Miletus (494 BC) Histiaeus, the Ionian leader, laid siege. The attack failed, but, warned by

neg: Leodamas of Thasos Leodamas of Thasos Leodamas of Thasos (, c. 380 BC) was a Greek mathematician and a contemporary of Plato, about whom little is known. There are two references to Leodamas in Proclus's "Commentary on Euclid": "At this time [Plato's time] also lived Leodamas of Thasos, Archytas of Tarentum, and Theaetetus of Athens, by whom the "Plato, it is said, taught this method [analysis] to Leodamas, who is also reported to have made many discoveries in geometry by and one in Diogenes Laertius' "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", Book 3 (Plato): "He [Plato] was the first to explain to Leodamas

neg: Thucydides area in Thrace, opposite the island of Thasos. Because of his influence in the Thracian region, Thucydides wrote, he was sent as a strategos (general) to Thasos in 424 BC. During the winter of 424–423 BC, the Spartan general Brasidas attacked Amphipolis, a half-day's sail west from Thasos on the Thracian coast, instigating the Battle of Amphipolis. Eucles, the Athenian commander at Amphipolis, sent to Thucydides for help. Brasidas, aware the presence of Thucydides on Thasos and his influence with the people of Amphipolis, and afraid of help arriving by sea, acted quickly to offer moderate terms to the Amphipolitans

neg: Thasian rebellion colony, had it succeeded (it was overwhelmed by natives after a brief period), would have served as a base to project Athenian power and influence in a region where Thasos had long had interests. Thasos was a powerful naval state and a charter member of the Delian League, and rather than bow to these Athenian incursions the Thasians chose to resist militarily. An initial battle resulted in an Athenian victory, and the city of Thasos was besieged. This siege would continue for over two years, during which the population of Thasos would endure severe hardships; an anecdote regarding a siege

neg: Kallirachi, Thasos Kallirachi, Thasos Kallirachi () is a village on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. As of 2011 the village has a population of 1018. The village is located at an average height of 145 m.a.s.l., on the western slope of Mount Metamorphosis. In tradition, on a hill above the village is located the grave of Sabellius (fl. ca. 215), a priest and theologian banished to the island of Thasos as a heretic. To the west of the village (2.5 km) is the location of a village under the same name (Skala Kallirachi), where the original sixteenth-century village was located,

neg: Theagenes of Thasos because the Delphic oracle had declared that the country would remain in a period of barrenness until they restored the statue of Theagenes. Pausanias mentions having seen many statues of Theagenes among both the Greeks and the Barbarians, (vi. 11. § 9.). The statue in Thasos became the focus of a hero cult and was said to have healing properties. The football club of the island, founded in 1969, bears his name (A.O. Theagenes Thasou, Α.Ο. Θεαγένης Θάσου) and its emblem represents the head of Theagenes. Theagenes of Thasos Theagenes of Thasos () was an ancient Greek Olympian, typically spelled

neg: Epigraphy form of prescription is to be seen in the inscription on the relief from Thasos in the Louvre:— "To the Nymphs and to Apollo the leader of the Nymphs, the worshipper may, if he so choose, sacrifice a male and a female victim. It is not permissible to offer a sheep or a pig. No paean is sung. To the Graces it is not permissible to offer a goat or a pig." It is to be noticed that this order of service contains a prohibition as well as a prescription. Such prohibitions are frequent, and often relate to the need

neg: Kastro, Thasos Kastro, Thasos Kastro () is a small village in the interior of the Greek island of Thassos. It is believed to be the oldest village on the island. The village name comes from the old castle that existed here to protect the inhabitants ("Kastro" means "castle"). The village is located in the centre of the island, at a height of 450–500 m above sea level. It can be reached from Limenaria on an asphalt road or from Theologos on dirt road. According to the 2011 census, the population of Kastro was 9. The settlement was first mentioned in 1434 in

neg: Kastro, Thasos citadel (acropolis) is the village's ossuary, still used to keep skeletal remains of the deceased inhabitants. Kastro, Thasos Kastro () is a small village in the interior of the Greek island of Thassos. It is believed to be the oldest village on the island. The village name comes from the old castle that existed here to protect the inhabitants ("Kastro" means "castle"). The village is located in the centre of the island, at a height of 450–500 m above sea level. It can be reached from Limenaria on an asphalt road or from Theologos on dirt road. According to the

neg: Wars of the Delian League manuscripts of Aeschines's works. The scholiast notes that the Athenians met disaster at 'Nine-Ways' in the archonship of Lysitheus (known to be 465/464 BC). Thucydides mentions this attack on the 'Nine-Ways' in connection with the beginning of the Siege of Thasos, and since Thucydides says that the siege ended in its third year, the Siege of Thasos therefore dates to c. 465–463 BC. Similarly, the anonymous scholiast provides a probable date for the Siege of Eion. This annotation places the fall of Eion in the archonship of Phaidon (known to be 476/475 BC). The Siege may therefore have been between

neg: 1987 Aegean crisis 1987 Aegean crisis 1987 Aegean crisis took place in late March between Turkey and Greece, as part of the Aegean dispute. Turkey learned that Greece was starting to drill for oil in the disputed Aegean waters in the vicinity of Thasos. In response, the Turkish survey ship RV MTA Sismik 1 was sent to the area to conduct survey with an escort of Turkish warships. Oil was discovered off Thasos, in 1973. Greece claimed ownership of mineral rights in the continental shelf extending from beneath all its islands in the Aegean. Turkey proposed that the continental shelf be divided through

neg: Cimon the Thracian hinterland and, in particular, over the ownership of a gold mine. Athens under Cimon laid siege to Thasos after the Athenian fleet defeated the Thasos fleet. These actions earned him the enmity of Stesimbrotus of Thasos (a source used by Plutarch in his writings about this period in Greek history). Despite these successes, Cimon was prosecuted by Pericles for allegedly accepting bribes from Alexander I of Macedon. During the trial, Cimon said: "Never have I been an Athenian envoy, to any rich kingdom. Instead, I was proud, attending to the Spartans, whose frugal culture I have always imitated.

neg: Archilochus led to the shrine being dedicated to him. His hero cult lasted on Paros over 800 years. His combative spirit also expressed itself in warfare. He joined the Parian colony on Thasos and battled the indigenous Thracians, expressing himself in his poems as a cynical, hard-bitten soldier fighting for a country he doesn't love ("Thasos, thrice miserable city") on behalf of a people he scorns ("The woes [dregs] of all the Greeks have come together in Thasos"), yet he values his closest comrades and their stalwart, unglamorous commander. Later he returned to Paros and joined the fight against the neighbouring

neg: Theagenes of Thasos Theagenes of Thasos Theagenes of Thasos () was an ancient Greek Olympian, typically spelled Theogenes before the first century AD. Son of Timosthenes, Theagenes was renowned for his extraordinary strength and swiftness. At the age of nine, he was said to have carried home a brazen statue of a god from the agora. As he grew up he became distinguished in every kind of athletic contest, and gained numerous victories at the Olympian, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Altogether he was said to have won 1300 crowns. He gained a victory at Olympia in the 75th Olympiad, 480 BC. (Paus.

neg: Thasos B.C. Cassius was buried by Brutus at Thassos, where the army of the patriots of the Republic had established its base of supplies. The writer Vassilis Vassilikos, famous for his novel "Z", which was later adapted into an Academy Award-winning film was born in Thasos in 1934. He later became Director General of Greek Public Television, and Greece's ambassador to UNESCO. During the Axis occupation (April 1941 – October 1944) Thasos, along with the region of East Macedonia and Thrace, was assigned by the Nazis to their Bulgarian allies. The Bulgarian government renamed the island "Tasos" and closed its schools.

neg: Hegemon of Thasos Hegemon of Thasos Hegemon of Thasos () was a Greek writer of the Old Comedy. Hardly anything is known of him, except that he flourished during the Peloponnesian War. According to Aristotle ("Poetics", ii. 5) he was the inventor of a kind of parody; by slightly altering the wording in well-known poems he transformed the sublime into the ridiculous. When the news of the disastrous defeat of the Sicilian Expedition reached Athens, his parody of the "Gigantomachia" was being performed: it is said that the audience were so amused by it that, instead of leaving to show their grief, they

neg: Thasos in 1455. Following the Ottoman conquest of the Despotate of the Morea in 1460, the former Despot Demetrios Palaiologos received lands on the island. It is related that the Byzantine Greek Saint Joannicius the Great (752–846) in one of his miracles freed the island of Thasos from a multitude of snakes. Thasos was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1456. Under the Ottoman rule, the island was known as Ottoman Turkish: طاشوز "Taşöz". Between 1770 and 1774, the island was briefly occupied by a Russian fleet. By this time the population of Thassos had gravitated to the inland villages as

neg: Delian League and was forced back into the league. As a result, the fortification walls of Thasos were torn down, and they had to pay yearly tribute and fines. Additionally, their land, naval ships, and the mines of Thasos were confiscated by Athens. The siege of Thasos marks the transformation of the Delian league from an alliance into, in the words of Thucydides, a hegemony. In 461 BC, Cimon was ostracized and was succeeded in his influence by democrats such as Ephialtes and Pericles. This signaled a complete change in Athenian foreign policy, neglecting the alliance with the Spartans and instead allying

neg: Kallirachi, Thasos before being abandoned and its residents seeking refuge inland, due to pirate raids. The main economic activity of the residents is based on tourism and olive grove plantations in the surrounding area of the village. Kallirachi, Thasos Kallirachi () is a village on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. As of 2011 the village has a population of 1018. The village is located at an average height of 145 m.a.s.l., on the western slope of Mount Metamorphosis. In tradition, on a hill above the village is located the grave of Sabellius (fl. ca. 215), a priest and theologian banished

neg: Thasos of Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou, he was appointed Director of the National Intelligence Service, the first civilian to hold that post. Thasos, the capital, is now informally known as Limenas, or "the port". It is served by a ferry route to and from Keramoti a port close to Kavala International Airport, and has the shortest possible crossing to the island. Scala Prinos 20 km south of Thassos town is served by a ferry route to and from Kavala. Thasos is a separate regional unit of the East Macedonia and Thrace region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. As

neg: Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos The Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos () is a Greek Orthodox metropolitan see in eastern Macedonia, Greece. It was founded in the ancient city of Philippi, where it was based until the destruction of the host city in the 14th or 15th century. Today it is based in the city of Kavala. Although being subject to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, it is administered by the Church of Greece. Philippi was an early site of Christianity, with a bishopric established at an unknown later time. The church was mentioned several times in the

neg: Étienne Polverel though unrelated revolts. First, the free blacks of Saint-Domingue began an armed rebellion to gain equal rights with the white settlers. Although free blacks and colonial whites mingled and had generally decent relations, the whites held on to all political power and were willing to use violence to maintain it. The problem of the white colonists had to be settled before the matter of slavery. But even the whites were not totally unified: poor whites resented the wealth and influence of the rich plantation owners, and the wealthy were fearful of having their property stolen. Second, the slaves revolted for

neg: Haitian Americans crops. Beginning in 1791, slaves (who formed about 90 percent of the population) revolted against their masters, fought against invading forces, and succeeded in forcing France to abolish slavery. When France attempted later to reintroduce slavery, the former slaves again revolted and won their independence in 1804, declaring the Republic of Haiti, the second republic in the Western Hemisphere. The rebellion proved disruptive to the country's economy, however. Many wealthy colonists left, both white and free people of color. The freedmen wanted to cultivate their own plots rather than work on plantations. Many refugees from Saint-Domingue emigrated to the United

neg: Axis occupation of Greece to expel a few Italian garrisons from some mountainous areas, including several towns, creating liberated zones ("Free Greece"). After the Italian armistice in September 1943, the Italian zone was taken over by the Germans. As a result, German anti-partisan and anti-Semitic policies were extended to it. The Bulgarian Army entered Greece on 20 April 1941 on the heels of the Wehrmacht without having fired a shot. The Bulgarian occupation zone included the northeastern corner of the Greek mainland and the islands of Thasos and Samothrace i.e. the present-day region of East Macedonia and Thrace, except for the Evros prefecture, (at

neg: Vladimir Lenin 1921, local opposition to requisitioning resulted in anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings breaking out across Russia, which were suppressed. Among the most significant was the Tambov Rebellion, which was put down by the Red Army. In February 1921, workers went on strike in Petrograd, resulting in the government proclaiming martial law in the city and sending in the Red Army to quell demonstrations. In March, the Kronstadt rebellion began when sailors in Kronstadt revolted against the Bolshevik government, demanding that all socialists be allowed to publish freely, that independent trade unions be given freedom of assembly and that peasants be allowed free

neg: Government of Vladimir Lenin under pain of expulsion. In February 1921, workers went on strike in Petrograd, resulting in the government proclaiming martial law in the city and sending in the Red Army to quell demonstrations. On 1 March 1921, the Kronstadt rebellion began as sailors in Kronstadt revolted against the Bolshevik government, demanding that all socialists be given freedom of press, that independent trade unions be given freedom of assembly, and that peasants be allowed free markets and not be the subject to forced requisitioning. Lenin sent Mikhail Kalinin to talk to the rebelling sailors, but they rejected his arguments and denounced the

neg: Ionian Revolt refused to receive him, so he attacked and destroyed the remnants of the Chian fleet. Crippled by the two defeats at sea, the Chians then acquiesced to Histiaeus's leadership. Histiaeus now gathered a large force of Ionians and Aeolians and went to besiege Thasos. However, he then received the news that the Persian fleet was setting out from Miletus to attack the rest of Ionia, so he quickly returned to Lesbos. In order to feed his army, he led foraging expeditions to the mainland near Atarneus and Myus. A large Persian force under Harpagus was in the area and eventually

neg: Lemnos Gattilusio, and submitted themselves to the Sultan, who appointed a certain Hamza Bey as governor under the Bey of Gallipoli, Isma'il. Mehmed granted a special legal charter ("kanun-name") to Lemnos, Imbros, and Thasos, at this time, later revised by Selim I in 1519. In 1457, the island was captured by a Papal fleet under Cardinal Ludovico Scarampi Mezzarota. Pope Callixtus III hoped to establish a new military order on the island, which controlled the exit of the Dardanelles, but nothing came of it as Isma'il Bey soon recovered Lemnos for the Sultan. In 1464, during the First Ottoman–Venetian War, Lemnos

neg: Delian League After being defeated, Naxos is believed (based on similar, later revolts) to have been forced to tear down its walls along with losing its fleet and vote in the League. In 465 BC, Athens founded the colony of Amphipolis on the Strymon river. Thasos, a member of the League, saw her interests in the mines of Mt. Pangaion threatened and defected from the League to Persia. She called to Sparta for assistance but was denied, as Sparta was facing the largest helot revolution in its history. After more than two years of siege, Thasos surrendered to the Athenian leader Aristides

neg: Fuladu the Mandinka. Many were forced to adopt agriculture, in order to supply the Mandinka, who imposed a very heavy tax on them. The Fula were victims of harassment and humiliation and had to assimilate to the culture and language of the Mandinka. The Mandinka and Fula intermarried extensively. Despite this, many Fula fought to safeguard their language, traditions, and nomadic way of life. They revolted several times, but always suffered defeat. The Mandinka justified the exactions that they practiced against the Fula as responses to these revolts. Eventually, Alpha Molo Balde, the future founder of the Fuladu kingdom, revolted against

neg: Thasos and honey. Tourism has also become important since the 1960s, although not to the level of other Greek islands. Lying close to the coast of Eastern Macedonia, Thasos was inhabited from the Palaeolithic period onwards, but the earliest settlement to have been explored in detail is that at Limenaria, where remains from the Middle and Late Neolithic relate closely to those found at the mainland's Drama plain. In contrast, Early Bronze Age remains on the island align it with the Aegean culture of the Cyclades and Sporades, to the south; at Skala Sotiros for example, a small settlement was encircled

neg: Thasos was a major source of marble until the disruption of the Slavic invasions in the late 6th/7th centuries, and several churches from Late Antiquity have been found on it. The island remained in Byzantine hands for most of the Middle Ages. It functioned as a naval base in the 13th century, under its own "doux", and came briefly under the rule of the Genoese Tedisio Zaccaria in 1307–13. Returning to Byzantine control, its bishopric was raised to an archdiocese by Manuel II Palaiologos. Thasos was captured by the Genoese Gattilusi family ca. 1434, who surrendered it to the Ottoman Empire

neg: Thasian rebellion Thasos itself. The Spartan promise of intervention has been the subject of much analysis by scholars attempting to discern the inner workings of the Spartan state during this period, and modern scholars have cited the Thasos promise as evidence of a war party active at Sparta even during the period of accord between Athens and Sparta in the 470s and 460s BC; Although this war party was thwarted by the earthquake in this case, only a few years later anti-Athenian sentiment at Sparta would trigger the dismissal of Cimon with his army, which had been dispatched by the Athenians to

neg: Thasos imitated Mycenaean pottery vessels, but the majority of the hand-made pottery with incised decoration reflects connections eastwards with Thrace and beyond. The island was colonised at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines; they founded a temple to the god Melqart, whom the Greeks identified as "Tyrian Heracles", and whose cult was merged with Heracles in the course of the island's Hellenization. The temple still existed in the time of Herodotus. An eponymous Thasos or Thasus, son of Phoenix (or of Agenor, as Pausanias reported) was said to have been the leader of the Phoenicians, and

neg: Tedisio Zaccaria the Holy Cross, a white shirt made by the Virgin Mary, and a codex with the Apocalypsis, all of them taken after the Turkish conquest into Pholaia from the tomb of Saint John, the author of the Gospel, in Ephesos. The fragments of the Holy Cross were given to the same Muntaner, as he was the Chancellor of the Catalan Company, while Zaccaria retained the other relics. Zaccaria remained lord of Thasos until 1313, when the island was reconquered by the Byzantines. Tedisio Zaccaria Tedisio Zaccaria was lord of Thasos and governor of Phocaea from 1302 to 1307. A descendant

neg: Limenaria the Holy Site of Mount Athos. Limenaria Limenaria (, "meaning": covelets) is a village on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. The village numbers 2480 residents (2011 census) and is the second largest settlement on the island of Thasos. The settlement is a popular tourist destination since the 1960s, with a 1.2 km long strand of beach (Stelakis Beach) and a number of smaller coves and pebbly beaches just to the west of the settlement next to the village of Trypiti (Τρυπητή), being the main tourist magnet for the locality. The village is also popular for tourists around the

neg: Limenaria Limenaria Limenaria (, "meaning": covelets) is a village on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. The village numbers 2480 residents (2011 census) and is the second largest settlement on the island of Thasos. The settlement is a popular tourist destination since the 1960s, with a 1.2 km long strand of beach (Stelakis Beach) and a number of smaller coves and pebbly beaches just to the west of the settlement next to the village of Trypiti (Τρυπητή), being the main tourist magnet for the locality. The village is also popular for tourists around the island for a visible view of

neg: Tedisio Zaccaria Tedisio Zaccaria Tedisio Zaccaria was lord of Thasos and governor of Phocaea from 1302 to 1307. A descendant of the important Genoese family of Zaccaria, he was the son of Manuele Zaccaria and Clarisia Fieschi. His father was the brother of Benedetto I Zaccaria, the founder of Zaccaria fortunes in Byzantium and Latin Greece. He was appointed governor of Phocaea by his uncle Benedetto I and remained in office after his death, when he became governor of the Lordship of Chios. In 1306 Tedisio campaigned in Thasos, where he captured the castle and made the island his fief. In 1307

neg: Nea Peramos, Kavala part of the new municipality of Pangaio. Due to its situation the village Nea Peramos is a good starting point for excursions to the island of Thasos which is 1 hour from Nea Peramos by ferry, to the city of Kavala and also to ancient Philippi, which is about 30 km away. There are many destinations worth visiting along the coastal road, with idyllic bays and beaches which are quiet even during the main holiday season. If the weather is clear, the view reaches from the Thasos island up to the mountains of Athos at the peninsula of Chalkidiki. Nea

neg: Theogenes three times in boxing at the Pythian Games; nine times in boxing and once in the pankration at the Isthmian Games; and nine times in boxing at the Nemean Games. He also won the long distance race at Argos. He had 1300 other victories in lesser Games. It is certain that Theogenes was worshipped as a god in Thasos after his death. One of his enemies whipped his statue. It fell and crushed him to death. The people of Thasos threw the statue into the sea. It was stained with blood. The fields did not produce after this act. The

neg: Kavala (regional unit) regional unit Kavala is subdivided into three municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox): As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the former Kavala Prefecture () was transformed into a regional unit within the East Macedonia and Thrace region. The prefecture also included the island of Thasos, which became a separate regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below. Thasos was and remained one municipality. "Note:" Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece. Kavala (regional unit) Kavala () is one of the regional units of

neg: Thasos to have given his name to the island. Around 650 BC, or a little earlier, Greeks from Paros founded a colony on Thasos. A generation or so later, the poet Archilochus, a descendant of these colonists, wrote of casting away his shield during a minor war against an indigenous Thracian tribe, the Saians. Thasian power, and sources of its wealth, extended to the mainland, where the Thasians owned gold mines even more valuable than those of the island; their combined annual revenues amounted to between 200 and 300 talents. Herodotus says that the best mines on the island were those

neg: U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks Pennsylvania at 10:03 after the passengers onboard revolted. Standing orders on September 11 dictated that, upon receiving a request for assistance from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) would normally order escort aircraft to approach and follow an aircraft that was confirmed to be hijacked in order to assure positive flight following, report unusual observances, and aid search and rescue in the event of an emergency. The 9/11 Commission determined that on the morning of September 11, the FAA did not adequately notify NORAD of the hijackings of Flights 11, 77, 93, or 175

neg: Thasos a protective measure. Nearly 50 years later, a revolt against Ottoman rule arose in 1821, at the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, led by Hatzigiorgis Metaxas, but it failed. The island had been given in 1813 by the Sultan Mahmud II to Muhammad Ali of Egypt as a personal fiefdom, as a reward for his intervention against the Wahhabites. Egyptian rule was relatively benign (by some accounts Muhammad Ali had either been born or spent his infancy on Thasos) and the island became prosperous, until 1908, when the New Turk regime asserted Turkish control. The island was a

neg: Delian League and Megara revolted, and while the former was restored to its status as a tributary ally, the latter was a permanent loss. The Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues signed a peace treaty, which was set to endure for thirty years. It only lasted until 431 BC, when the Peloponnesian War broke out. Those who revolted unsuccessfully during the war saw the example made of the Mytilenians, the principal people on Lesbos. After an unsuccessful revolt, the Athenians ordered the death of the entire male population. After some thought, they rescinded this order, and only put to death the leading 1000 ringleaders

neg: Neapolis (Thrace) Neapolis (Thrace) Neapolis () was an ancient Greek city located in Edonis, a region of Thrace and later of Macedon. The site is located near modern Kavala. Neapolis was founded by colonists from Thasos, perhaps around the middle of the 7th century BC. Neapolis was a member of the Delian league and entered the Athenian tribute list at 454 BC first by toponym and by 443 BC by city-ethnic name. Recorded a total of fourteen times form 454 to 429 BC, it paid a tribute of 1,000 drachmas a year. It had independence from Thasos as dues of its customs

neg: Sidon-Beirut Sanjak and Jews. In general, the Druze utilized the rugged topography in which they lived and their abundant arsenals to stave off Ottoman attempts to impose their authority over the interior regions of Sidon-Beirut. They revolted numerous times against the Ottoman authorities in Damascus when the latter sought to impose law and order in the "sanjak". In 1523, the Ma'an chieftain revolted against the Ottomans, prompting a punitive expedition by the governor of Damascus, Khurram Pasha, during which the Ma'an's throne village, Baruk, and forty-three other villages were burned down. The same governor led a tax collection expedition in 1524, destroying

neg: Battle of the Eurymedon and since Thucydides says that the siege ended in its third year, the Siege of Thasos therefore dates to c.465–463 BC. The Battle of Eurymedon has been dated to 469 BC by Plutarch's anecdote about the Archon Apsephion (469/468 BC) choosing Cimon and his fellow generals as judges in a competition. The implication is that Cimon had recently achieved a great victory, and the most likely candidate is Eurymedon. However, since the Battle of Eurymedon seems to have occurred after the Athenian siege of Naxos (but before the Siege of Thasos), the date of Eurymedon is clearly constrained by the

neg: Folklore Museum of Limenaria bench, tools for collecting and transporting resin, a raki still, tools for collecting olives), and tools from the time when the local mines opened. The museum also displays Mr Kyprianos Georgiadis‘ private collection of books and stationery. Folklore Museum of Limenaria The folklore museum in Limenaria, Thasos was established in 1993 by "To Kastro" (The Castle), the Limenaria cultural association. It is housed in the former community office in the centre of the village. Limenaria is a village in the south of Thasos, 40 km from the main town, Limenas. The purpose of the museum is to preserve and promote

neg: Folklore Museum of Limenaria Folklore Museum of Limenaria The folklore museum in Limenaria, Thasos was established in 1993 by "To Kastro" (The Castle), the Limenaria cultural association. It is housed in the former community office in the centre of the village. Limenaria is a village in the south of Thasos, 40 km from the main town, Limenas. The purpose of the museum is to preserve and promote the local tradition. It therefore displays household artifacts and clothing (embroidery, woven fabrics, traditional costumes, stoves, a loom and its accoutrements, coffee-making equipment), tools of various trades (tailoring, barbering, woodcutting, bee-keeping, hunting, a shoemakers and a cobblers

neg: Jar (pelike) with Odysseus and Elpenor pelike was created by the Lykaon painter in the classical period (440 B.C.). During the classical period there were two major shifts in painting, both to do with representation of space. The first change was creating a "foreground" and "background." In order to do this the figures in the higher section were the background while the figures in the lower section were the foreground. The pioneer of this change was Polygnotos of Thasos. The pelike with Odysseus and Elpenor in the Underworld is a great example of this first change. The second change was creating more backdrops for certain literary

neg: Wars of the Delian League of the Delian League are particularly important. Thucydides provides a succinct list of the main events occurring between the end of the second Persian invasion and the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, but almost no chronological information. Various attempts have been made to reassemble the chronology, but there is no definitive answer. The assumption central to these attempts is that Thucydides is describing the events in the appropriate chronological order. The one firmly accepted date is 465 BC for the beginning of the Siege of Thasos. This is based on an anonymous ancient scholiast's annotations to one of the existing

neg: Constantine I of Kakheti camp near the town of Zagem (Bazari). On March 12, 1605, during the negotiations, Constantine murdered Alexander and George, and declared himself King of Kakheti. However, his subjects refused to recognize a patricide and revolted. The rebellion was led by Ketevan, widow of Constantine’s brother David I, who requested aid from his relative King George X of Kartli. Constantine succeeded in bribing some of the rebel nobles, and, on the shah’s order, led a combined Kakhetian-Qizilbash army against Shirvan. During the protracted siege of Shemakha, the Kakhetian auxiliaries revolted and made Constantine flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Shah Abbas

neg: Archaeological Museum of Thasos in the Temple of Dionysos, and a statue of Comedy. From the Hellenistic and Roman period there are a statue of a Muse wearing a peplos, also from the Temple of Dionysos (3rd century BC), a small statue of Aphrodite with a dolphin and a cupid (3rd century BC), a head of Alexander, and a statue of the Roman emperor Hadrian, armed for battle. The latter was found in the ancient agora of Thasos. There are also portrait busts of Claudius, Julius Caesar, and Lucius Caesar, and clay figurines dating from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. Archaeological Museum of

neg: New Spain In 1616, the Tepehuan revolted against the Spanish, but it was relatively quickly suppressed. The Tarahumara Indians were in revolt in the mountains of Chihuahua for several years. In 1670 Chichimecas invaded Durango, and the governor, Francisco González, abandoned its defense. In the southern area of New Spain, the Tzeltal Maya and other indigenous groups, including the Tzotzil and Chol revolted in 1712. It was a multiethnic revolt sparked by religious issues in several communities. In 1704 viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva suppressed a rebellion of Pima Indians in Nueva Vizcaya. During the era of the conquest, in order

neg: Thasos "kaza" (sub-province), lastly of the Sanjak of Drama in the Salonica Vilayet, until the Balkan Wars. On 20 October 1912 during the First Balkan War, a Greek naval detachment freed Thasos from the Ottomans and it became part of Greece. From the day it was reunited with Greece, it has remained so ever since. On the 23 November 1902 issue of the New York Times (p. 5), it was reported that on the island of Thassos, archaeologist Theodore Bent discovered the tomb of Cassius, the one who slew himself after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Philippi in 42

neg: Theagenes of Thasos vi. 6. § 5.) The popular story among the Thasians was that Heracles was his father. The story of Theagenes is recounted in the historical novel "The Olympian: A Tale of Ancient Hellas". A curious story is told by Pausanias about a statue of Theagenes made by Glaucias of Aegina. There was a man on Thasos who had a grudge against Theagenes, and scourged the statue by way of revenge. One night, the statue fell upon this man, killing him. The statue was put on trial for murder and exiled by being thrown into the sea, but was later recovered,

neg: History of Suriname people signed a peace treaty, similar to the peace treaty ending the First Maroon War in Jamaica, whereby they were recognised as free people and received a yearly tribute that provided them with the goods they used to "liberate" from the plantations. A contemporary description of the war between the Maroons and the plantation owners in Suriname can be found in "Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam" by John Gabriel Stedman. Suriname was occupied by the British in 1799, after the Netherlands were incorporated by France, and was returned to the Dutch in 1816,

neg: Lunalilo asked the king to look at sugar to improve the economy and recommended that a treaty be drawn with the United States to allow Hawaiian sugar to enter the nation tax-free. To make such a treaty, many thought that the Kingdom would have to offer the Pearl Harbor area to the United States in exchange. There was much controversy over this, with both the public and in the legislature. When Lunalilo saw this opposition, he dropped the proposal. During Lunalilo's reign, a mutiny took place in the small Hawaiian army. Some members of the army revolted against the drillmaster and

neg: Quintus Cassius Longinus Juba I of Numidia gave him an excuse for fresh oppression. The result was an unsuccessful insurrection at Corduba. Cassius punished the leaders with merciless severity, and made the lot of the provincials harder than ever. At last some of his troops revolted under the quaestor Marcellus, who was proclaimed governor of the province. Cassius was surrounded by Marcellus in Ulia. Bogud, king of Mauretania, and Marcus Lepidus, proconsul of "Hispania Citerior", to whom Cassius had applied for assistance, negotiated an arrangement with Marcellus whereby Cassius was to be allowed to go free with the legions that remained loyal to

neg: Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty good leadership, improving the walls of the capital and filling the granaries of the capital to bursting point, in order that the newly reported Arab invasion be dealt with. Every citizen was told to gather enough food for three years for if the Arabs were to reach the straits it would undoubtedly be a lengthy siege. However, Anastasios proved too good for the Empire; in an effort to avert the Arab siege of the Capital, Anastasios planned a preemptive strike against the invaders, using Rhodes as a base. However the Opsician Theme once more revolted and Anastasios found himself in

neg: Guaram I of Iberia medieval Georgian author Sumbat Davitis-Dze to be the first Bagrationi ruler, a claim that has not been accepted as credible. When the war between the Roman and Sassanid Iranian empires resumed under Justin II (r. 565–578), Guaram/Gurgenes allied himself with the Armenian prince Vardan III Mamikonian and the Romans in a desperate attempt to break free of Iranian control in 572 ("Theoph. Byz." Fr. 3). He apparently fled to Constantinople when the uprising failed and remained there until he reappeared on political scene in 588, when the Iberians are reported by the Georgian chronicler Juansher to have revolted from the

neg: François Barthélemy Arlès-Dufour in common but misery is at war with the one that has everything. And who could be surprised at that? Society, that is to say, the men who have, take care of this class only to contain it." However, he was opposed to the demands of workers in Lyon for minimum payments for their work, saying that a manufacturer could not operate at a loss. When the "canuts" (Lyon silk workers) revolted in November 1831 many observers blamed the Saint-Simonians for the uprising. Arlès-Dufour believed in free competition, productive work, huge manufacturing enterprises and a strong sense of social solidarity.

neg: Bignon Commission (French Revolution) were created, such as the Bignon Commission to stop groups like the Vendée. The Committee of Public Safety felt that their rebellious nature had to be suppressed before it spread to the general public. The Vendée was a violent group, as they revolted in massacres and attacks against the Republic. The Vendée were a group of pious individuals who typically practiced guerilla warfare in their attacks. They were against the Republic and the committees. They generally did not keep prisoners of war, nor did they want to kill them. They would often set their prisoners free even if it was

neg: Otto-William, Count of Burgundy Burgundy was annexed to the crown of France by King Robert II in 1004. Determined to be sovereign ruler of his own lands, Otto revolted against the Emperor Henry II in 1016. This was after Rudolph III of Burgundy, the last king of Arles, had done homage to Henry at Strasbourg, making him his guard and heir. On Otto's death, the Free County fell under the suzerainty of the German emperors. Otto-William died on 21 September 1026 at the age of 64. His first wife was Ermentrude, daughter of Renaud of Roucy. They had two sons and three daughters: Otto

neg: Muhammad Kam Bakhsh the Gulbarga fort revolted against him and declared themselves to be free. The leader of the garrison Daler Khan Bijapuri "reported his desertion from Kam Bakhsh". On 5 November 1708, Shah's camp reached Bidar which is 67 miles north from Hyderabad. Historian William Irvine writes that as his "camp drew nearer desertions from Kam Bakhsh became more and more frequent". On 1 November Kam Bakhsh captured Pam Naik's (the zamindar of Wakinkhera) belongings after he had left his army. Irvine writes that as more and more soldiers left his service as Shah's camp was coming nearer. When his general informed

neg: The Pawnshop No. 8 with some individuals' willingness to exchange priceless items like romantic love, family love, and friendship for success and monetary benefits. He is even more revolted at his responsibility to lure the most pure of souls (for they are the most valuable) to Pawnshop No. 8. In appearance, Han Nuo is cold and heartless, but in reality, he is a compassionate human being tormented by loneliness and inexplicable desires. Will he be able to set himself free? How much is he willing to sacrifice? Did God not hear your plea? What else do you want? To satisfy your desires, what price

neg: Hamdi al-Pachachi face the growing Kurdish rebellion led by Mulla Mustafa. Al-Pachachi rejected their terms, and they revolted in mid-1945 but had to flee to Iran in October. Al-Pachachi’s victory over the Kurds made him more popular with others, and in December he called for greater political freedom for political parties with free elections. On May 29, 1945, France bombed Damascus and tried to arrest its democratically elected leaders who were demanding their full independence from French occupation. When Hamdi al-Pachachi returned to Baghdad from the Arab League conference in Cairo on June 15, he stated "We will soon be rid of

neg: Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor far south as the Ore Mountains. Following the defeat of Otto II at Stilo in 983, the Lutici Federation of Polabian Slavs revolted against their German overlords, sparking a great revolt known as the Great Slav Rising ("Slawenaufstand"). The Polabian Slavs destroyed the bishoprics of Havelberg and Brandenburg. According to the German chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg, the decades-long, forced Germanization and Christianization of the Slavs associated with these two churches was the reason for their destruction. Thietmar blames the uprising on maltreatment of the Slavs by the Germans: "Warriors, who used to be our servants, now free as a

neg: Lluís Companys revolted against the newly elected center-right republican government and joined the Asturias miners revolution. Companys asked Manuel Azaña, who happened to be in Barcelona during the events, to lead a newly proclaimed Spanish Republican government, a proposition that Azaña rejected. After the 1936 election and the victory of the left-wing coalition Frente Popular, he was set free by the new government and the Catalan government was restored. When the Spanish Civil War began shortly after, in July 1936, Companys sided with the Second Spanish Republic against the "Nacionales" rebels and was instrumental in organizing a collaboration between the Central Committee

neg: History of the Khitans revolted. The Khitans were quickly defeated by An Lushan's toops by punitive expeditions and traps. Sources report that Banquets for a peace declaration were set up by An Lushan and offered to Khitan and Xi who,happy to get both peace and free provisions, rushed to the buffet and drunk heavily. It turned out that the food and wine were poisoned by narcotics. An Lushan then led his warriors to kill all of those who were sleeping on the ground or drunk enough to be easy to kill and the Chiefs' heads were sent to the Tang court for display. Sources

neg: Free Luxembourger Workers' Union Most of them joined LAV unions. Free Luxembourger Workers' Union The Free Luxembourger Workers' Union (, abbreviated 'FLA') was a national trade union centre in Luxembourg, active between 1945 and 1965. FLA was founded in 1945, after a split in the "Lëtzebuerger Arbechterverband" (LAV). The founders of FLA revolted against the anti-communist stance of the LAV leadership. Several of the FLA leaders were also members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Luxembourg, including the FLA president Nic Momper and general secretary Jos Grandgenet. The opponents of FLA accused it of being a communist front. LAV charged that

neg: Free Luxembourger Workers' Union Free Luxembourger Workers' Union The Free Luxembourger Workers' Union (, abbreviated 'FLA') was a national trade union centre in Luxembourg, active between 1945 and 1965. FLA was founded in 1945, after a split in the "Lëtzebuerger Arbechterverband" (LAV). The founders of FLA revolted against the anti-communist stance of the LAV leadership. Several of the FLA leaders were also members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Luxembourg, including the FLA president Nic Momper and general secretary Jos Grandgenet. The opponents of FLA accused it of being a communist front. LAV charged that the founding of FLA had been

neg: Armenische Legion of the war, morale among the men in the unit began to collapse many in the legion deserted or defected. Hans Houterman reported that in one case a battalion in the Netherlands where the legion was stationed even revolted. Many men surrendered to the Western Allied forces. If not detained by them, they were turned over to Soviet authorities who, in accordance with an order proclaimed by Joseph Stalin, sent them to camps in Siberia as punishment for surrendering to Axis forces and "allowing themselves to be captured," a fate suffered by nearly all of the former Soviet prisoners of

neg: John Zenevisi Arta asked the Ottoman troops for protection against the invading Albanian clan of the Zenevisi; the Ottomans routed the raiders and restored order in Epirus. Zenevisi submitted to the Ottomans after their victory against Balša II in the Battle of Savra in 1385, and gave them his son as a hostage to be sent to Edirne to the court of the sultan (this son became known as Hamza, an Ottoman official). Shortly after his submission, Zenevisi revolted and seized the fortress of Gjirokastër, encouraged no doubt by the attack on Ioannina by the Albanians of Acarnania. In 1386 he titled

neg: Curonians thus became to be known as "Vredecuronia" or "Peace Courland". The southern Curonians, however, continued to resist the invaders. The Curonians did not lay down their arms at that time. They used the famine as a pretext for claiming economical weakness and actually did not permit the monks to enter the country. Later, the Teutonic Order tried to use Curonian cavalry in the Prussian Crusade, but Curonians were reluctant in this forced cooperation and revolted as a result in several cases. In 1260, the Curonians were involved in the Battle of Durbe, one of the biggest battles in Livonia in

neg: Elizabeth Fulhame 1810. He asserted that "the pride of science, revolted at the idea of being taught by a female". Indeed, Fulhame acknowledges in her own introduction that the possessive climate of science during her historical moment balked at challenges to their "dictatorship in science" by new insight from a woman, as recounted in a book chapter about her as the inventor of catalysis: Fulhame published her experiments on reductions using water with metals in a book in the first place in order not to be "plagiarized." She also describes her book as possibly serving as "a beacon to future mariners" (e.g.