query: who chairs the debates at the house of commons

pos: House of Commons of the United Kingdom one of its members as a presiding officer, known as the Speaker. If the incumbent Speaker seeks a new term, then the House may re-elect him or her merely by passing a motion; otherwise, a secret ballot is held. A Speaker-elect cannot take office until he or she has been approved by the Sovereign; the granting of the royal approbation, however, is a formality. The Speaker is assisted by three Deputy Speakers, the most senior of whom holds the title of Chairman of Ways and Means. The two other Deputy Speakers are known as the First and Second Deputy Chairman

pos: David Amess issue, most recently tabling a series of Parliamentary Questions in July 2013. Amess is also a member of the Panel of Chairs, which comprises the chairman and two deputy Chairmen of Ways and Means, as well as ten Members nominated at the start of each session by the Speaker of the House of Commons. Amess was appointed most recently on 26 May 2010, but has been on the panel since 2001. As a member of the panel, Amess is responsible for chairing Public Bill Committees; chairing Westminster Hall debates; and at times, for chairing Committees of the whole House. Amess

pos: Lord Speaker House of Lords on ceremonial occasions, and to represent the House of Lords as its ambassador in the UK and overseas. The role has less power than the Speaker of the House of Commons. The House of Lords is largely self-governing, and its presiding officer has traditionally taken a less active role in debates than the Speaker of the House of Commons. For example, unlike the Speaker, the Lord Speaker does not call the House to order, determine who is to speak when two individuals rise at the same time, rule on points of order, discipline members who violate the

pos: House of Commons of the United Kingdom John Bercow, has chosen to wear a gown over a lounge suit, a decision that has sparked much debate and opposition. The Speaker or deputy presides from a chair at the front of the House. This chair was designed by Augustus Pugin, who initially built a prototype of the chair at King Edward's School, Birmingham: that chair is called Sapientia and is where the chief master sits. The Speaker is also chairman of the House of Commons Commission, which oversees the running of the House, and controls debates by calling on members to speak. A member who believes that a

pos: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom) House. The Speaker is also responsible for overseeing the administration of the House. He or she chairs the House of Commons Commission, a body that appoints staff, determines their salaries, and supervises the general administration of those who serve the House. Furthermore, the Speaker controls the parts of the Palace of Westminster used by the House of Commons. Also, the Speaker is the "ex officio" Chairman of the four boundary commissions (for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland), which are charged with redrawing the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies to reflect population changes. However, the Speaker normally does not attend meetings

pos: House Leader House Leader In Canada, each political party with representation in the House of Commons has a House Leader who is a front bench Member of Parliament (MP) and an expert in parliamentary procedure. The same representation is found in the provincial and territorial legislatures. The House Leader is in charge of the party's day-to-day business in the House of Commons of Canada (or provincial or territorial legislatures), and usually conducts negotiations with other parties on the conduct of bills and debates. They also argue Points of Order before the Speaker of the House. The "House Leader" is not the same

pos: House Leader a seat. House Leader In Canada, each political party with representation in the House of Commons has a House Leader who is a front bench Member of Parliament (MP) and an expert in parliamentary procedure. The same representation is found in the provincial and territorial legislatures. The House Leader is in charge of the party's day-to-day business in the House of Commons of Canada (or provincial or territorial legislatures), and usually conducts negotiations with other parties on the conduct of bills and debates. They also argue Points of Order before the Speaker of the House. The "House Leader" is not

pos: House of Commons of the United Kingdom of the House and may result in the suspension of the offender from the House. In the case of grave disorder, the Speaker may adjourn the House without taking a vote. The Standing Orders of the House of Commons do not establish any formal time limits for debates. The Speaker may, however, order a member who persists in making a tediously repetitive or irrelevant speech to stop speaking. The time set aside for debate on a particular motion is, however, often limited by informal agreements between the parties. Debate may also be restricted by the passage of "Allocation of Time

pos: House of Commons of the United Kingdom convention, a Speaker seeking re-election to parliament is not opposed in his or her constituency by any of the major parties. The lack of partisanship continues even after the Speaker leaves the House of Commons. The Clerk of the House is both the House's chief adviser on matters of procedure and chief executive of the House of Commons. He or she is a permanent official, not a member of the House itself. The Clerk advises the Speaker on the rules and procedure of the House, signs orders and official communications, and signs and endorses bills. The Clerk also chairs the

pos: House of Commons of Canada Speaker is assisted by a Deputy Speaker, who also holds the title of Chair of Committees of the Whole. Two other deputies—the Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole and the Assistant Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole—also preside. The duties of presiding over the House are divided between the four officers aforementioned; however, the Speaker usually presides over Question Period and over the most important debates. The Speaker controls debates by calling on members to speak. If a member believes that a rule (or Standing Order) has been breached, they may raise a "point of order", on which

pos: Parliament House, Dublin in 1937. The Chair of the Speaker of the House of Commons is now in the possession of the Royal Dublin Society, while a bench from the Commons is in the Royal Irish Academy. The original two tapestries remained in the House of Lords. The chandelier of the House of Commons now hangs in the Examination Hall of Trinity College, Dublin. The Woolsack, on which the Lord Chancellor of Ireland sat when chairing sessions of the House of Lords, is now back on display in the chamber. Copies of debates of the old Irish Parliament are now kept in Leinster

pos: Serjeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons (United Kingdom) the opening of Parliament and is also responsible for maintaining order during debates in the House of Commons, escorting members out of the chamber if ordered to do so by the Speaker. The Serjeant at Arms may also be called upon to enforce the warrants of the Speaker in summoning a witness to testify before a select committee of the house. While serving the warrant and encouraging a witness to attend parliament "the Serjeant or his appointee may call on the full assistance of the civil authorities, including the police." In November 2018 the Serjeant-at-Arms was called upon to escort

pos: Panel of Chairs general committees and report its findings to the House of Commons. The panel consists of the three Deputy Speakers and no fewer than 10 MPs appointed by the Speaker, two of whom are appointed pursuant to section 1(3) of the Parliament Act 1911 by the Committee of Selection to be consulted by the Speaker before declaring a bill to be a money bill. The Panel of Chairs was nominated by the Speaker on 22 June 2017: As of December 2015, the members were as follows: Panel of Chairs The Panel of Chairs (formerly the Chairmen's Panel) are members of the

pos: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom) as Speaker when the House sat at the start of the new parliaments on 18 May 2015 and 13 June 2017. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of the House. Unlike presiding officers of legislatures in many other countries, the Speaker remains strictly non-partisan, and renounces all affiliation with his or her former political party when taking office as well as when leaving the office. The Speaker does not take part in debate or vote (except

pos: Quorum ruling AK party proposed a referendum to lower the quorum. Nearly seventy percent of the participants supported the constitutional changes. In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons has a quorum of 40 MPs, including the Speaker, out of 650 members of the House. There is no need for a quorum to be present at all times. Commons debates could theoretically continue even if just one MP and the Speaker were present. However, if a division is called and fewer than 40 MPs are present, then a decision on the business being considered is postponed and the

pos: Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada) in the chair. The Deputy Speaker also chairs the House when it sits as a Committee of the Whole. Other presiding officers, the Deputy Chair of Committees and the Assistant Deputy Chair of Committees, are chosen each session to occupy the chair when the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are not available. The Deputy Speaker and the other presiding officers are members of the Panel of Chairs, and can therefore be selected by the Speaker to chair legislative committees. Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker has a role in administering the House. The current Deputy Speaker is Bruce Stanton (Conservative); and

pos: Hansard cover from orange-red to light blue. A larger page format was introduced with new technology in 1980. "Hansard" is not a word-for-word transcript of debates in Parliament. Its terms of reference are those set by a House of Commons Select Committee in 1893, as being a report One instance of such an eliminated redundancy involves the calling of members in the House of Commons. In that House, the Speaker must call on a member by name before that member may speak, but "Hansard" makes no mention of the recognition accorded by the Speaker. Also, "Hansard" sometimes adds extraneous material to

pos: Yanis Varoufakis PhD supervisor Monojit Chatterjee, "that black was a political term and, as a Greek, on the grounds of ethnicity he had as much reason to be there as anyone else." Varoufakis also took part in student debates, where one of his rivals was John Bercow, who later became the Speaker of the House of Commons. He moved to the University of Birmingham in October 1981, obtaining an MSc in mathematical statistics in October 1982. He completed his PhD in economics, writing a thesis on Optimization and Strikes, back at the University of Essex, where his PhD supervisor was Monojit Chatterjee.

neg: Panel of Chairs Panel of Chairs The Panel of Chairs (formerly the Chairmen's Panel) are members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom responsible for chairing public bill committees and other General Committees, as well as debates in Westminster Hall, the parallel debating chamber. The three Deputy Speakers, who are automatically members, are responsible for chairing Committees of the Whole House. Other members may act as temporary chairs of Committees of the Whole House. The Panel is not itself generally thought of as a committee, but it does have the power to meet to consider matters relating to procedure in the

neg: Canadian House of Commons Liaison Committee the Liaison committee consist of the Vice-Chairs of standing committees and the House Vice-Chairs of standing joint committees. Canadian House of Commons Liaison Committee The House of Commons Liaison Committee (LIAI) is a non-standing, permanent committee of the House of Commons of Canada, established under standing order 107(1) consisting of a minimum of seven members and composed of the Chairs of all the standing committees and the Chairs of House of Commons standing joint committees, who may also be members of subcommittees. It is responsible for managing funds from the budget subcommittee to standing committees from the Board of Internal

neg: Canadian House of Commons Liaison Committee Canadian House of Commons Liaison Committee The House of Commons Liaison Committee (LIAI) is a non-standing, permanent committee of the House of Commons of Canada, established under standing order 107(1) consisting of a minimum of seven members and composed of the Chairs of all the standing committees and the Chairs of House of Commons standing joint committees, who may also be members of subcommittees. It is responsible for managing funds from the budget subcommittee to standing committees from the Board of Internal Economy and meets in camera to discuss administrative and financial issues relating to standing committees. associate members of

neg: UK Youth Parliament An online vote was held from July to determine the debate topics, which were: The debates took place in the House of Commons chamber on Friday 30 October 2009, from 11am to 3:30pm. The session was recorded in Hansard, and the morning debates were broadcast on BBC Parliament the same day. The final two debates were televised later in the week. The debates were chaired by John Bercow, Speaker of the House of Commons, who closed the event with a dramatic speech to MYPs in which he described the British National Party as "a poison which we could well do

neg: 2015 Canadian federal election participate in the English language consortium debate. Strength in Democracy, which had the same number of seats in the House of Commons at dissolution as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates. Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The second Canadian federal election to significantly incorporate social media, the 2015 campaign

neg: Canadian leaders' debates any given time, not all party leaders are invited to the debates. The stated criteria for inclusion have shifted over time with the maneuvering for political advantage, but the typical criteria set by the debate consortium has been that a political party needs to have representation in the House of Commons. Over the years, there have been at least three and as many as five, leaders at each such debate. Public criticism of the debates has emerged outlining that corporate media executives decide who is allowed to be heard in a public forum critical to deciding elected officials. Given the

neg: House of Commons of the United Kingdom contrast, are known as "backbenchers". Not all Members of Parliament can fit into the Chamber at the same time, as it only has space to seat approximately two thirds of the Members. According to Robert Rogers, former Clerk of the House of Commons and Chief Executive, a figure of 427 seats is an average or a finger-in-the-wind estimate. Members who arrive late must stand near the entrance of the House if they wish to listen to debates. Sittings in the Chamber are held each day from Monday to Thursday, and also on some Fridays. During times of national emergency, the

neg: Green Party of Canada party's lack of representation in the House of Commons. There were unsuccessful legal actions by the party, a petition by its supporters to have it included, and statements by non-supporters such as Ed Broadbent who believed it should be included. The Green Party was also not included in the leaders' debates for the 2006 election. The same reason was given. On 8 September 2008, the consortium announced that they would once again exclude the Greens from the French and English debates for the 2008 election. The party had secured a seat in the House at this point (Blair Wilson), satisfying

neg: House of Commons of the United Kingdom abolished in 1998. Now, Members seeking that the House sit in private must make a formal motion to that effect. Public debates are recorded and archived in Hansard. The post war redesign of the House in 1950 included microphones, and debates were allowed to be broadcast by radio in 1975. Since 1989, they have also been broadcast on television, which is now handled by BBC Parliament. Sessions of the House of Commons have sometimes been disrupted by angry protesters throwing objects into the Chamber from the galleries—items thrown include leaflets, manure, flour by the group Fathers 4 Justice, and a

neg: Treasury Select Committee chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning of a parliament or in the event of a vacancy. Treasury Select Committee The House of Commons Treasury Committee (often referred to as the 'Treasury Select Committee') is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the committee is

neg: Nationality Rooms the bay. Two House of Commons Library chairs upholstered in green leather and bearing the official gold crest featuring the portcullis and crown were a gift of Lord Alfred Bossom and were rebuilt using wood from actual chairs in the bombed House of Commons. The French Classroom was designed by Jacques Carlu, Director of School of Architecture in Fontainebleau, in the French Empire Period that reflects a French style inspired by the glories of the ancient and classical past that were rediscovered during the Napoleonic campaigns in Greece, Italy, and Egypt. This places the timeframe of inspiration for the classroom

neg: Canadian leaders' debates Conservatives. Liberal leader Justin Trudeau attended the "Maclean's", "Globe and Mail", and French consortium debates; and the Liberals confirmed he would attend the other debates. The Bloc Québécois attended the French language consortium debate and confirmed their attendance at the French-language TVA debate. The Green Party attended the "Maclean's" and French language consortium debates, and confirmed their intention to participate in the English language consortium debate. Strength in Democracy, which had the same number of seats in the House of Commons at dissolution as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates.

neg: Palace of Westminster could not accommodate the increased number of peers. The House of Commons, which did not have a chamber of its own, sometimes held its debates in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey. The Commons acquired a permanent home at the Palace in St Stephen's Chapel, the former chapel of the royal palace, during the reign of Edward VI. In 1547 the building became available for the Commons' use following the disbanding of St Stephen's College. Alterations were made to St Stephen's Chapel over the following three centuries for the convenience of the lower House, gradually destroying, or covering up, its

neg: Margaret Beckett to Secretary of State for Trade and Industry); the first woman to have held the post. She was succeeded by Peter Mandelson in July 1998. Beckett was then Leader of the House of Commons from 1998 until her replacement by Robin Cook in June 2001. Her tenure saw the introduction of Westminster Hall debates, which are debates held in a small chamber near Westminster Hall on topics of interest to individual MPs, committee reports, and other matters that would not ordinarily be debated in the Commons chamber. Debates that take place in Westminster Hall are often more consensual and informal,

neg: Canadian leaders' debates The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates. Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. Completed televised debates: Proposed debates: Canadian leaders' debates Canadian leaders' debates are leaders' debates televised during federal elections in Canada, made up of two debates, one in French and one in English, usually held on back-to-back nights. The first time these debates were held was during the 1968 election. They were until recently produced

neg: Political career of Rab Butler: 1929–1941 earlier and one woman who thought it wrong to give the vote to Indians, as she believed them to be savages who were still fighting with bows and arrows. After a year and a half, the Joint Select Committee reported in November 1934. A bill was drawn up, which Butler helped to pilot through the House of Commons in the first half of 1935. The bill was immensely long, containing 473 clauses and 16 schedules, and the debates took up 4,000 pages of Hansard. During the passage of the bill Churchill praised Butler in the House of Commons (5 June

neg: Hannah Bardell Shadow SNP Westminster Group Leader (Business, Innovation and Skills) in October 2015 and latterly was Spokesperson for Small Business, Enterprise and Innovation. She was re-elected at the 2017 UK general election, with a significantly reduced majority of 3,878 votes (7.4%). In November 2018, the Commons Speaker reprimanded Bardell for playing football in the ancient debating chamber of the House of Commons at Westminster. Bardell's left hand is prone to shake violently due to rage issues during political debates. Bardell is one of 32 LGBT MPs in the House of Commons. Following the 2015 general election, she said: "I only came

neg: Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 the Church of England. As such, it was not administered by the barristers who practised in the common law courts but by the "advocates" and "proctors" who practised civil law from Doctors' Commons, adding to the obscurity of the proceedings. Divorce allowing remarriage was "de facto" restricted to the very wealthy, as it demanded either a complex annulment process or a private bill, either at great cost. The latter entailed sometimes lengthy debates about a couple's intimate marital relationship in public in the House of Commons. A bill to create a civil court to regulate divorce and to allow it

neg: House of Commons of the United Kingdom United Kingdom, of a British overseas territory, of the Republic of Ireland, or of a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations. These restrictions were introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981, but were previously far more stringent: under the Act of Settlement 1701, only natural-born subjects were qualified. Members of the House of Lords may not serve in the House of Commons, or even vote in parliamentary elections (just as the Queen does not vote); however, they are permitted to sit in the chamber during debates (unlike the Queen, who cannot enter the chamber). A person may not sit

neg: Doorkeeper (Houses of Parliament) and removing any members of the public. The doorkeepers also deliver messages, Hansards, enquiries from Hansard, and the "green cards" – notes from members of the public who have come to see their MP. When the House is not in session they have duties relating to visitors to Parliament. As well as maintaining the security of the Chamber, Galleries and Committees of the House of Commons, the Doorkeepers also have ceremonial duties. When the Commons is in session the Principal Doorkeeper and his Deputy occupy two chairs on either side of the main entrance. The Principal Doorkeeper sits in the

neg: Development Assistance Accountability Act introduced Bill C-293 in the House of Commons in May 2006, almost two years ago. It has come a long way since then and has been put through many valuable and essential debates. I believe the debates initiated by Bill C-293 were so important that they will inform the nature of any future essential international development policy and legislation in this country. It is a first step." On March 20, 2008 C-293 passed third reading in the House of Commons with unanimous support from all parties. It received Royal Assent on May 29, 2008, thus becoming law as the Development

neg: House of Commons of Canada had occurred was in 1979, when Joe Clark's Progressive Conservative minority government was defeated after a term of just six months. The current and original Canadian House of Commons chamber was influenced by the British House of Commons rectangular layout and that of the original St. Stephen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster. The difference from the British layout is with the use of individual chairs and tables for members, absent in the British Commons' design. With the exception of the legislatures in Nunavut (circular seating), the Northwest Territories (circular seating), and Manitoba (U-shaped seating), all other Canadian provincial legislatures

neg: Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois) week attending debates in Shawneetown and Equality. The Crenshaws hosted a ball in honor of the debates. The ball was held on the second floor. The second floor of the house was designed to be easily converted into a ballroom because the hall and two of the rooms were made from moveable partitions particularly for such events. Mr. Lincoln along with other male guests spent the night in the Southeast bedroom of the Crenshaw House. The furniture in the room consisted of one bed and two chairs. Mr. Lincoln either slept on the bed, which was shorter than he was,

neg: Roch-Pamphile Vallée Roch-Pamphile Vallée Roch-Pamphile Vallée (May 28, 1848 – October 9, 1935) was a journalist, newspaper editor and political figure in Quebec. He represented Portneuf in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1882 as a Conservative member. He was born in Montmagny, Canada East, the son of Jean Stanislas Vallée, who took part in the Lower Canada Rebellion, and was educated at St. Anne's College. In 1871, Vallée published an unofficial weekly journal of debates in the Quebec legislative assembly, "L'Écho de la session"; an official journal of debates appeared in 1877. In 1873, he married Zoë Montmiry.

neg: Anchitell Grey Anchitell Grey The Hon. Anchitell Grey (c. 1624 – 8 July 1702) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1665 and 1695. Although he spoke rarely, he kept a detailed diary of proceedings in the House of Commons, summarising the speeches he heard. The diary, published in the 18th century, is the main surviving record for the debates in Parliament in most of the period that it covers. Grey was the second son of Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford and his wife Lady Anne Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl

neg: Arthur Beauchesne Arthur Beauchesne Arthur Beauchesne, (June 15, 1876 – April 7, 1959) was a Canadian civil servant who was Clerk of the House of Commons from 1925 to 1949. He is the author of the procedural manual, "Rules and Forms of the House of Commons of Canada", which is used by Canadian Members of Parliament during parliamentary debates. Born in Carleton, Bonaventure County, Quebec, Beauchesne received a bachelor's degree from St. Joseph's College in Memramcook, New Brunswick. He then studied literature and law in Montreal receiving a degree in literature in 1897. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1904.

neg: Liaison Committee on matters of public policy. As of 20 December 2017, the members of the committee are as follows: Source: At the end of the previous 2015-17 Parliament the committee was made up of: Source: Liaison Committee The Liaison Committee is a committee of the British House of Commons, the lower house of the United Kingdom Parliament. The committee consists of the chairs of the 32 Commons Select Committees and the chairmen of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. The role of the committee is to consider general matters relating to the work of select committees. It advises the House of

neg: Liaison Committee Liaison Committee The Liaison Committee is a committee of the British House of Commons, the lower house of the United Kingdom Parliament. The committee consists of the chairs of the 32 Commons Select Committees and the chairmen of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. The role of the committee is to consider general matters relating to the work of select committees. It advises the House of Commons Commission on select committees as well as choosing select committee reports for debate in the chamber. Since 2002, the Prime Minister has appeared annually before the Liaison Committee in order to give evidence

neg: Charles Grant (British East India Company) 1813, along with the reformer William Wilberforce, successfully to the House of Commons. The Commons ordered its re-printing during the important debates on the renewal of the company's charter. He was largely responsible for the foundation of East India Company College, which was later erected at Haileybury. As Chairman of the Company, Grant used his position to sponsor many chaplains to India, among them Claudius Buchanan and Henry Martyn. Grant was part of an evangelical Anglican movement of close friends which included such luminaries as the abolitionist Wilberforce, Zachary Macaulay, John Venn, Henry Thornton, and John Shore, who lived in

neg: West Lothian question in House of Commons debates on devolution. In 2011 the Government of the United Kingdom set up a commission to examine the question. The Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons, chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons Sir William McKay, published a report in 2013 which proposed various procedural changes, including that legislation which affects only England should require the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies ("English votes for English laws"). Following the election of a Conservative government in the 2015 general election, new parliamentary procedures and a Legislative Grand

neg: Lucy Siegle social justice. She has chaired several debates on the fashion industry in the House of Commons and House of Lords taken part in main stage debates at the Royal Society and in 2016 interviewed both Dame Vivienne Westwood and Stella McCartney live on stage, the latter as part of the Kering sustainability Awards in London In December 2016 she hosted the APSE in Blackpool. Siegle is credited with kickstarting and popularising the ethical fashion movement in the UK but is deeply critical of large fast fashion brands pretending to be ethical. She has said the whole UK movement is in

neg: President of the European Parliament president is Antonio Tajani from Italy. The president chairs debates and oversees all the activities of the Parliament and its constituent bodies (ensuring the Parliament's rules of procedure are applied), in this the role is similar to that of a speaker in a national parliament. Below the president, there are 14 vice-presidents who chair debates when the president is not in the chamber. The president also chairs the meetings of the Bureau, which is responsible for budgetary and administration issues, and the Conference of Presidents, which is a governing body composed of the presidents of each of the parliament's political

neg: Benjamin Needler the baptisms of six are recorded in the registers of St. Margaret Moses between January 1651–2 and May 1662, and the burials of two of them in 1658 and 1659 respectively. Culverwell Needler (fl. 1710), a son, (baptised 5 March 1656 at St. Margaret Moses), was appointed additional writing clerk to the House of Lords on 25 March 1679, and later on clerk-assistant to the House of Commons, a post he retained till December 1710, when he was disabled by palsy. He published "Debates of the House of Commons in January 1704", London, 1721 (2nd ed.) Benjamin Needler Benjamin Needler

neg: Strangers (Parliament of the United Kingdom) causing a disturbance can be ejected, or even taken into custody by the Serjeant at Arms. The House of Commons rarely goes into private session (the last occasion being on 4 December 2001 when it was debating the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Bill), and although much routine business is handled by select committees, second reading and third reading and usually attracts little attention, most main debates are public. Although BBC Parliament now broadcasts from the main debating chambers of both the House of Commons and House of Lords, as well as from important committees which may meet outside the chambers,

neg: Defence Select Committee valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning of a parliament or in the event of a vacancy. Defence Select Committee The Defence Select Committee is one of the Select Committees of the British House of Commons, having been established in 1979. It oversees the operations of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies, including the armed forces. As of September 2017, the members of the committee are as follows: From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with

neg: Education Select Committee changes are shown below. From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning of a parliament or in the event of a vacancy. Education Select Committee The Education Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the Committee is to examine the

neg: Petition of Right such a petition, and it was passed by the Commons on 8 May and sent to the House of Lords. After three weeks of debates and conferences between the two chambers, the Petition of Right was ratified by both houses on the 26th and 27 May. Following additional debates in which the King restricted the right of the Commons to freely speak, he bowed to the pressure; in need of Parliamentary support for the war effort, the Petition was accepted on 2 June. Unhappy with the method chosen, both houses joined together and demanded the King fully ratify the Petition,

neg: Children Act 1989 given its second reading in the Lords on 6 December, and was passed to the committee stage on 13 December. Committee debates were held on 19 and 20 December and 23 January 1989. It reached the report stage on 2 February, with debates on 6, 7 and 16 February. On 16 March the Bill was given its third reading in the Lords before being passed to the House of Commons. The Bill was given its second reading in the Commons on 27 April. It was granted Royal Assent on 16 November 1989 and became an Act. The Children Act 1989

neg: House of Lords act as spokesmen for them. Legislation, with the exception of money bills, may be introduced in either House. The House of Lords debates legislation, and has power to amend or reject bills. However, the power of the Lords to reject a bill passed by the House of Commons is severely restricted by the Parliament Acts. Under those Acts, certain types of bills may be presented for the Royal Assent without the consent of the House of Lords (i.e. the Commons can override the Lords' veto). The House of Lords cannot delay a money bill (a bill that, in the view

neg: President of the Senate as President until a new president is elected). The Senate of South Africa was the upper house of Parliament between 1910 and 1981, and between 1994 and 1997. During both periods, the Senate was led by a President. The Senate of Ceylon was the upper house of Parliament between 1947 and 1971. During this periods, the Senate was led by a President. The President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, who is generally elected from the government benches, chairs debates in the chamber and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution, section 27).

neg: Parliament of Northern Ireland fully digitised copy of the Commons' debates (187,000 printed pages of Parliamentary Debates) is available online. Parliament of Northern Ireland The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the Home Rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended with the introduction of Direct Rule. It was abolished under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973. The Parliament of Northern Ireland was bicameral, consisting of a House of Commons with 52 seats, and an indirectly elected Senate with 26 seats. The Sovereign was represented by

neg: Communities and Local Government Committee are shown below. From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning of a parliament or in the event of a vacancy. Communities and Local Government Committee The Communities and Local Government Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the Committee

neg: Home Affairs Select Committee 2017. The remaining members of the Committee were formally appointed on 12 September 2017. Source: Occasionally, the House of Commons orders changes to be made in terms of membership of select committees, as proposed by the Committee of Selection Such changes are shown below. From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning of a

neg: Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee Sport Committee Members in the previous 2014/15 session of Parliament were as follows: Occasionally, the House of Commons orders changes to be made in terms of membership of select committees, as proposed by the Committee of Selection. Such changes up to January 2013 are shown below. From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of valid votes. Elections are held at the beginning

neg: Robert Lynn (politician) Irish general election. He was elected for the new North Antrim constituency, and held that seat until 1945. From 1937 to 1944 he was Deputy Speaker of the Northern Ireland House of Commons. He was the editor of the Northern Whig Newspaper.Lynn was a leading contributor to educational debates in Northern Ireland though his impartiality is in question, especially following a comment in the Northern Irish House of Commons that Irish language instruction was not worth spending money on. Lynn at first attacked the 1923 education bill for stripping Protestant schools of their denominational character. However, Lord Londonderry, the Education

neg: Petitions Committee are closed and formally reported by the Petitions Committee to Parliament. All petitions which are published are reviewed by the Petitions Committee. Petitions which reach 10,000 signatures will receive a written response from the UK Government. The Committee can also schedule debates in the House of Commons' second debating chamber (Westminster Hall), on Monday evenings at 4.30 pm. When Parliament is dissolved, all open petitions on petition.parliament.uk are closed, and new petitions are not accepted. After a new Petitions Committee is set up by the House of Commons, closed petitions are not reopened. Petitions which reach 100,000 signatures will be

neg: Strategic Foresight Group former Foreign Minister of Jordan, calls it "hope in an otherwise hopeless international system." The philosophy of An Inclusive World could be subject of a new global debate to overcome the divides at the beginning of the 21st century. The report was debated by Oxford University at one of the famous Oxford Union debates in May. It also featured three times in the debates at the House of Commons. The European Parliament and the League of Arab States circulated it widely among their members. It was translated into Arabic by the Bibliotheca Alexandrina based in Alexandria, Egypt. Speaking on the

neg: Walter de Frece response. It was suggested that although he was once a national MP for Blackpool, he actually never went near the place: "in fact he couldn't find it on a map". However, based on entries in Hansard, Sir Walter did make a number of contributions to debates in the House of Commons, initially representing his constituents in Ashton-under-Lyne (from 1920 to 1924), and latterly those in Blackpool from (1924 to 1931). In light of the poor health of his wife, he retired from the House of Commons at the 1931 general election, and went to live in the home they had

neg: History of Ireland (1801–1923) two years. In 1912, with the Irish Parliamentary Party at its zenith, a new third Home Rule Bill was introduced by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, passing its first reading in the Imperial House of Commons but again defeated in the House of Lords (as with the bill of 1893). During the following two years in which the bill was delayed, debates in the Commons were largely dominated by questions surrounding Home Rule and Ulster Unionists' determined resistance to it. By 1914 the situation had escalated into militancy on both sides, first unionists then nationalists arming and drilling openly, bringing

neg: Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician) Interest. Stewart put forward a proposal (Motion 428) for the House of Commons to begin accepting petitions electronically as a means to engage more Canadians in the democratic process. It further proposed that short debates be triggered in Parliament if an online petition receives a significant number of signatures and is sponsored by at least five MPs. Stewart’s proposal was endorsed by Ed Broadbent, Preston Manning, and a number of civil society groups. Being opposed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper and his Conservative cabinet, Motion 428 passed the House of Commons by only two votes (142-140) on January 29, 2014.

neg: Robert Bowyer (diarist) Harris Willson, University of Minnesota Press, 1931. It was reprinted by Ogden Press in 1971. Bowyer and Elsynge's official notes as Clerks of the Parliaments were published as "Notes of the Debates in the House of Lords Officially Taken by Robert Bowyer and Henry Elsing 1621, 1625, 1628", edited by Frances Helen Relf, Royal Historical Society, London, 1929. Robert Bowyer (diarist) Robert Bowyer (ca. 1560–1621) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1601 and 1610. He served as Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London early in the reign of

neg: Edmund Bartley-Denniss unsuccessfully stood as a Conservative (Unionist) for election to Parliament for Oldham, Lancashire, probably having been introduced to the constituency by his father-in-law who had served as Mayor of Oldham. However the next year in 1911 he won a remarkable by-election in the same constituency, and took his seat in the House of Commons. He spoke in many debates, especially those concerned with the Lancashire cotton industry. He was a member of the Commercial Committee of the House and of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. At the start of World War I he assisted the Chancellor of the Exchequer with the "Courts

neg: Commons club good and justify my faith in him. I hold these beliefs as my profound conviction, and I pledge my fellow men to live up to them to the best of my ability. Greek-letter literary and philosophical societies, starting with Phi Beta Kappa (est. 1779), rose at American universities as an outlet for students frustrated with the traditional curriculum centered on the classics. Some early organizations to use the phrase "commons club" were of this type, their name referring to the democracy and debates of the British House of Commons. In the mid-19th century, general or "social" fraternities supplanted the literary

neg: Usual channels the election of select committee chairs, which would fundamentally change the way the usual channels work. Following the general election in May 2010, a Backbench Business Committee was established in June, which is responsible for determining the business of the House of Commons for one day each week. Also, for the first time, chairs of select committees were elected by secret ballot by the whole House, while select committee members were elected internally within each party group. Usual channels "Usual channels" is a term used in British politics to describe the relationship between the whips of the Government and the

neg: Scott Reid (politician) used for leadership elections. In the 2015 federal election, the Conservatives were removed from power. Reid was re-elected from Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston, essentially a reconfigured version of his old riding, with only a 15% margin of victory—his smallest margin of victory since his initial election to the House of Commons in 2000. Reid was subsequently named to the House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform, and served as one of the two vice-chairs of the committee. He lost his seat on the Human Rights subcommittee, but retained his membership on the Procedure and House Affairs Committee, and was named Conservative critic

neg: European Committees European Committees The European Committees are general committees of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom to which the European Scrutiny Committee (ESC) may refer for further consideration European Union documents laid before the Commons. EU documents are referred to one of three European Committees depending on the subject area as determined by the ESC: The committee debates and votes on an amendable motion with respect to the document, with the chair reporting to the House the resolution or that the committee came to no resolution. Shortly thereafter (generally within days), the House votes on a motion with respect

neg: Hansard Hansard was ordered by the House to plead that he had acted under order of the Commons and was protected by parliamentary privilege. In the resulting case of "Stockdale v Hansard", the court found that the House held no privilege to order publication of defamatory material. In consequence, Parliament passed the Parliamentary Papers Act 1840 to establish privilege for publications under the House's authority. Since 1909—and for important votes before then—"Hansard" has listed how members have voted in divisions. Furthermore, the proceedings and debates in committee are also published in separate volumes. For many years the House of Commons "Hansard"

neg: Alan Macnaughton served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee after the 1958 election, and his performance in that position led to the newly elected Liberal government nominating him for the position of Speaker following the 1963 election. Macnaughton presided over a House of Commons led by a minority government in which no party had control of the House, resulting in long and bitter debates that made it a challenge for any Speaker to maintain order. Acrimonious debates included that over the adoption of a new Canadian flag as well as the Munsinger Affair and other scandals. As Speaker, he attempted to

neg: Levellers Parliament and a Leveller leader who had spoken at the Putney Debates. His funeral was the occasion for a large Leveller-led demonstration in London, with thousands of mourners wearing the Levellers' ribbons of sea-green and bunches of rosemary for remembrance in their hats. On January 20, 1649, a version of the "Agreement of the People" that had been drawn up in October 1647 for the Army Council and subsequently modified was presented to the House of Commons. At the end of January 1649, Charles I of England was tried and executed for treason against the people. In February, the Grandees

neg: Acton Smee Ayrton a confrontation with Joseph Dalton Hooker (Director at Kew), who enlisted the support of Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell, amongst other scientific luminaries. After debates in both Houses of Parliament, Ayrton was transferred to the post of Judge Advocate General and the proposal failed. Ayrton remained as Judge Advocate General until the Gladstone government fell in February 1874. He lost his seat in parliament in the general election of that year and never returned to the House of Commons. In the Palace of Westminster the lantern at the top of the Elizabeth Tower (commonly called Big Ben) is called the

neg: Canadian leaders' debates were held at the Government Conference Centre in Ottawa. After the original date was chosen for the French debate, a Montreal Canadiens playoff hockey game was scheduled for the same day, causing the debate to be moved one night forward. The four participants in both debates were Conservative leader and incumbent prime minister Stephen Harper, Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff, NDP leader Jack Layton, and Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe. Green Party leader Elizabeth May was excluded from the debate by the media consortium, as her party did not have representation in the House of Commons. The English debate was best

neg: Liberal Party (UK) people were so deeply divided over numerous issues, But on all sides there was growing distrust for the Asquith government. There was no agreement whatsoever on wartime issues. The leaders of the two parties realized that embittered debates in Parliament would further undermine popular morale and so the House of Commons did not once discuss the war before May 1915. Taylor argues: The 1915 coalition fell apart at the end of 1916, when the Conservatives withdrew their support from Asquith and gave it instead to Lloyd George, who became Prime Minister at the head of a new coalition largely made

neg: Unreformed House of Commons met the county franchise none of them had a direct vote. Some other industrial towns which elected members but with a very narrow franchise were in the same situation: Wigan, for example, had 10,000 people in 1800 but only 100 electors, while residents of the fast-growing London suburbs were also unrepresented unless they met the county franchise to vote in Middlesex, Surrey or Kent. The English Civil War of the 1640s produced a series of debates over reforming the electoral system – involving the franchise, the distribution of the House of Commons seats, and the abolition of the House of

neg: House of Commons of Canada per month to allow members to work in their constituencies. Sittings of the House are open to the public. Proceedings are broadcast over cable and satellite television and over live streaming video on the Internet by CPAC owned by a consortium of Canadian cable companies. They are also recorded in text form in print and online in Hansard, the official report of parliamentary debates. The Constitution Act, 1867 establishes a quorum of twenty members (including the member presiding) for the House of Commons. Any member may request a count of the members to ascertain the presence of a quorum; if,

neg: Judicial functions of the House of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary. Formerly, appeals were heard in the House of Lords Chamber. The Lords would sit for regular sessions after four in the evening, and the judicial sessions were held prior to that time. During the Second World War, the Commons Chamber was bombed, so the Commons began to conduct their debates in the Lords Chamber. The judicial sessions of the House were temporarily moved to a Committee room, which escaped the noise of building repairs. The temporary move later became permanent, and appeals continued to be heard in Committee rooms. No judicial robes were worn by the

neg: Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 inherit the powers of the old departments, pending a comprehensive review of revenue powers. Following some controversy in the Parliamentary debates, the Act also expressly provides for a duty to keep information confidential, with criminal penalties for wrongful disclosure. The separation of prosecution functions to an independent body followed recommendations in the Gower Hammond Report and the Butterfield Report into failed prosecutions. The Bill that became the Act was introduced to Parliament in the House of Commons on 24 November 2004, completed its stages in the House of Commons on 16 January 2005, completed its stages in the House of

neg: William Harbord (politician) William Harbord (politician) William Harbord (25 April 1635 – 31 July 1692), of Grafton Park, was an English diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1661 and 1690. Harbord was the second son of Sir Charles Harbord (1596–1679) of Charing Cross, who had been Surveyor General to Charles I. He entered Parliament in 1661 as member for Dartmouth, and subsequently also represented Thetford and Launceston. In 1672, Harbord became secretary to the Earl of Essex. In the debates of 1676–8 Harbord spoke often against the alliance with France, and pressed for the removal

neg: Defence Select Committee Defence Select Committee The Defence Select Committee is one of the Select Committees of the British House of Commons, having been established in 1979. It oversees the operations of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies, including the armed forces. As of September 2017, the members of the committee are as follows: From June 2010 chairs of select committees have been directly elected by a secret ballot of the whole House of Commons using the alternative vote system. Candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated and their votes redistributed until one remaining candidate has more than half of

neg: Irene Mathyssen tradition of committee chairs going to government MPs, she served as chair of the House of Commons Committee on the Status of Women. On January 1, 2012, Caterpillar Inc. locked out over 450 workers from the Electro Motive Diesel plant in Mathyssen’s riding of London-Fanshawe. Mathyssen was a vocal critic of the company’s actions and a strong supporter of the locked out workers. After the company announced it was closing the plant on February 3, Mathyssen put forward a motion in the House of Commons to amend the Investment Canada Act to prevent companies from taking these actions in the

neg: 2010 United Kingdom general election debates and already have existing seats in the House of Commons. The Green Party, UKIP, the SNP and Plaid Cymru all protested. On the announcement of the UK party leader debates, it was also announced there would be separate debates between the main parties of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The BBC would broadcast these on their respective BBC national region channels, BBC Scotland, BBC Northern Ireland and BBC Wales, and across the UK on the BBC News Channel. In Northern Ireland, neither Labour or the Liberal Democrats stand for election, while the Conservatives in Northern Ireland have no seats (although

neg: UK parliamentary approval for military action put and carried, other members responded to the Prime Minister's speech in a short debate. There were many statements and debates throughout the war, and the bulk of the debates were on motions to adjourn. However, there were a number of debates on substantive motions including one which was moved on 6 May 1941 (the debate concluded the next day) approving the Government’s policy in sending assistance to Greece and expressing confidence that operations in the Middle East. Another debate which was held in the House of Commons on 2 August 1956 relating Britain's position in the Eastern Mediterranean, was

neg: Putney Debates debates lasted until 11 November. Earlier that summer Oliver Cromwell (then Member of Parliament for Cambridge), Henry Ireton (Cromwell's son-in-law) and other officers, known as the "Grandees", attempted to negotiate a settlement with Charles I of England in the aftermath of the First Civil War. Their proposals, termed the Heads of Proposals, included provisions for social justice, but the monarchy and House of Lords would have retained a power of veto over the House of Commons. A further feature of the Heads of Proposals was that the king would be restored before the issues of the soldiers' indemnity and arrears

neg: Bernard Weatherill became a party whip only three years later, and deputy Chief Whip six years after that. He was re-elected seven times for the same seat until his retirement in 1992. From October 1971 to April 1973, Weatherill was Vice-Chamberlain of Her Majesty's Household, an office usually held by a Government whip, as Weatherill then was. He wrote a letter (hand-carried by messenger, or sent by telegram) to the Queen at the end of each day the House of Commons met, describing the debates, reactions, and political gossip. His letters are believed to have been more entertaining than the debates themselves.

neg: Education Select Committee Education Select Committee The Education Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the Committee is to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Education and any associated public bodies. The Chair of the Committee is Rt Hon. Robert HalfonMP. Previous Chairs include Neil Carmichael (2015–17) and Graham Stuart MP (2010–2015). The membership of the committee is as follows: Occasionally, the House of Commons orders changes to be made in terms of membership of select committees, as proposed by the Committee of Selection. Such

neg: National Security Strategy (United Kingdom) difficulties such as the numerous problems there have been with Border Security in the last year fools no-one." The UK presented its third NSS in November 2015 under the Conservative-led government. It combined it with its Strategic Defence and Security Review to form a single policy white paper. It is titled "A Secure and Prosperous United Kingdom". The Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy was formed to respond to the 2010 NSS. This committee "brings together 22 members of both the House of Commons and the House of Lords (including the chairs of the relevant Commons departmental select committees)

neg: Samuel Grascome St. Andrew's, Holborn. He found a patron in Sir Thomas Fanshawe of Jenkins. During the debates on the Recoinage Act, in 1695–6, Grascome was thought to have published "An Account of the Proceedings in the House of Commons in relation to the Recoining the Clipt Money and Falling the Price of Guineas"; Brunton writing in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" considers that the author may have been in fact Thomas Wagstaffe, with Grascome doing the legwork. Criticising the House of Commons of the time, which had pushed through the Great Recoinage of 1696, the author argued for a public

neg: Thomas Tyrwhitt in 1777. It was only when the third edition was published that Tyrwhitt changed his mind and pronounced the poems forgeries. In 1782 he published a "Vindication" of the Appendix in reply to the arguments that they were authentic. While clerk of the House of Commons he edited "Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, 1620–1621" from the original manuscript in the library of Queen's College, Oxford, and Henry Elsynge's "" (1768). Thomas Tyrwhitt Thomas Tyrwhitt (; 27 March 1730 – 15 August 1786) was an English classical scholar and critic. He was born in London, where he also

neg: John Gale Jones and, although defended by Samuel Romilly and Felix Vaughan, was convicted on one count, the seditious expression "that he was sent to know whether the people of Birmingham would submit to the Treason and Sedition Bills". Early in 1810 Charles Philip Yorke insisted on the exclusion of strangers from the House of Commons during the debates on the Walcheren expedition. After a debate on this proceeding in the British forum, the result condemning Yorke was announced outside the building in a placard drawn up by Jones. Yorke brought the matter before the House of Commons as a breach of privilege

neg: UK Youth Parliament by the Lord Speaker Baroness Hayman and was broadcast on BBC Parliament. The debates held were: Prime Minister Gordon Brown suggested that members of the UK Youth Parliament could have annual access to the House of Commons chamber in 2007, but this did not come about until March 2009, when a motion was passed to allow the UK Youth Parliament to use the House of Commons for that year's annual meeting. However, a Conservative Member of Parliament objected, which forced a vote to be taken on the issue, also employing a procedure called "I spy strangers" (historically used to expel

neg: Bullingdon Club Wales; four members of the party were arrested.< A further dinner was reported in 2010 after damage to a country house. In the last few years, the Bullingdon has been mentioned in the debates of the House of Commons in order to draw attention to excessive behaviour across the British class spectrum, and to embarrass prominent Conservative Party politicians who are former members of the Bullingdon. Johnson has since tried to distance himself from the club, calling it "a truly shameful vignette of almost superhuman undergraduate arrogance, toffishness and twittishness." The Club's colours are sky blue and ivory. Members dress

neg: Instrument of Government the "Grandees" (senior officers opposing the Leveller faction) of the New Model Army had presented the "Heads of Proposals" as their alternative to the more radical Agreement of the People presented by the Agitators and their civilian supporters at the Putney Debates. On 4 January 1649, the Rump Parliament declared "that the people are, under God, the original of all just power; that the Commons of England, being chosen by and representing the people, have the supreme power in this nation". This was used as the basis for the House of Commons to pass acts of parliament which did not

neg: Carol Monaghan appointed the SNP’s Westminster Spokesperson for Education, Armed Forces and Veterans. Monaghan has campaigned for an armed forces representative body on a statutory footing. Monaghan has campaigned on the issue of research, treatment and attitudes towards myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), leading two debates in 2018. Monaghan continues to press for a full debate in the House of Commons. Monaghan is the only Scottish MP on the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. Monaghan is married to Glasgow City SNP councillor and physics teacher Feargal Dalton, and they have two daughters and a son from a previous partner. She is a

neg: Brass Crosby Crosby was a supporter of radical politician John Wilkes. In February 1772 he married Mrs Mary Tattersall. As Lord Mayor (and therefore chief magistrate for the City), one of his first acts was to refuse to enforce Admiralty warrants to press gang Londoners into the Royal Navy, and he ordered constables to be positioned "at all avenues" of the City to prevent the seizure of men. Crosby engaged in a famous battle with the House of Commons over publishing Parliamentary debates. In 1771 he had brought before him a printer who dared publish reports of Parliamentary proceedings. He released the