query: who led non cooperation movement in south india

pos: Non-cooperation movement Non-cooperation movement The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or "Ahimsa". Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and non-violence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the

pos: Anjalai Ammal Anjalai Ammal Anjalai Ammal was a prominent freedom fighter in the Indian struggle for independence. She was born in 1890 in a simple town called Mudhunagar which is located in Kadalur. She was born in a simple family. She studied up to fifth grade. Her husband was Murugappa who was an agent in a magazine. She started her political life by joining the Non - Cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi. She was the first woman from south India to take part in the Non - Cooperation movement in 1921. She sold her family lands, her house and spent the money

pos: History of India which elected Indian legislators and appointed British officials shared power. In 1919, Colonel Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire their weapons on peaceful protestors, including unarmed women and children, resulting in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre; which lead to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22. The massacre was a decisive episode towards the end of British rule in India. From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-co-operation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary

pos: Chauri Chaura incident Chauri Chaura incident The Chauri Chaura incident occurred at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province, (modern Uttar Pradesh) in British India on 5 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in the Non-cooperation movement, clashed with police, who opened fire. In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing all of its occupants. The incident led to the deaths of three civilians and 22 or 23 policemen. Mahatma Gandhi, who was strictly against violence, halted the movement on the national level on 12 February 1922, as a direct result of

pos: Trilochan Pokhrel Trilochan Pokhrel Trilochan Pokhrel (died 1969) was the first Sikkimese freedom fighter of Nepali (Gorkha) origin. In Sikkim and North Bengal, Pokhrel is popularly called 'Gandhi Pokhrel'. Pokhrel was born at Tareythang Busty, in East Sikkim. Pokhrel was highly influenced by the movements of Mahatma Gandhi, which were based on the fundamental principles of peace and non violence. He was actively involved in Gandhi's movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. Mr. Pokherl had immense faith in the teaching of simple life led by Mahatma Gandhi. Pokhrel is known for propagating the

pos: Vijay Singh Pathik and took active part against British rule in India. Pathikji’s non-cooperation movement was so successful that Lokmanya Tilak wrote a letter to Maharana Fateh Singh to meet the demand of the Bijoliya agitators. Mahatma Gandhi sent his secretary Mahadev Desai to study the movement. It was Pathikji who fought for the cause of united Rajasthan and had taken up the issue with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel. He was jailed for having led the Kisan agitation in Bijoliya. The Kisan Panchayat, Mahila Mandal and Yuvak Mandal invited Pathik to come and lead them. Women of Mewar started to

pos: Anjalai Ammal member of the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly thrice. She passed away on January 20, 1961. Anjalai Ammal Anjalai Ammal was a prominent freedom fighter in the Indian struggle for independence. She was born in 1890 in a simple town called Mudhunagar which is located in Kadalur. She was born in a simple family. She studied up to fifth grade. Her husband was Murugappa who was an agent in a magazine. She started her political life by joining the Non - Cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi. She was the first woman from south India to take part in the Non -

pos: Yashwantrao Chavan in Sangli District) of Maharashtra, India. He lost his father in his early childhood and was brought up by his uncle and mother. His mother taught him about self-dependency and patriotism. From his childhood he was fascinated by the freedom struggle of India. Despite the adverse family situation, Chavan was an active participant in the struggle for independence of India. In 1930, he was fined for his participation in the Non-cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. During this period he came in contact with Swami Ramanand Bharti, Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale, Gaurihar (Appasaheb) Sihasane V. S. Page and Govind Kruparam Wani.

pos: Haripada Chattopadhyay National Congress in Nadia district. He first imprisoned in Dhaka jail in 1921 after joining the Non-cooperation movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. He also joined with Quit India Movement in 1942 and arrested several times. He was one of the founder of nationalist Abhay Ashram at Comilla and Agro industrial firm at Sahebnagar, Nadia district. He became an active member of Congress party in West Bengal Legislative Assembly (the then "Bangio Byabosthapok Sabha") since 1937 to 1951. He contested in Karimpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in 1951 and won the seat in the banner of Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party. Chattopadhyay elected

pos: Vennelakanti Raghavaiah Vennelakanti Raghavaiah Vennelakanti Raghavaiah B.A., B.L. (June 1897 – 24 November 1981) was a social worker and Indian freedom activist. He was affectionately called "Girijan Gandhi" for his service to the Adivasi people. He is born at Singapeta village in Kovur Taluq of Nellore district to Vennelakanti Papaiah and Subbamma. He completed bachelor of arts and bachelor of law degrees from Madras University. He joined the Indian National Congress led by Mahatma Gandhi and participated in the Non-cooperation movement and Salt Satyagraha, and was jailed for 21 months. He was again arrested for participating in Quit India movement. He was

pos: Purna Swaraj India. In 1920, Gandhi and the Congress committed themselves to "Swaraj", described as political and spiritual independence. At the time, Gandhi described this as the basic demand of all Indians; he specifically said that the question of whether India would remain within the Empire or leave it completely would be answered by the behaviour and response of the British. Between 1920 and 1922, Mahatma Gandhi led the Non-Cooperation movement: nationwide civil disobedience to oppose the Rowlatt Acts and the exclusion of Indians from the government, and the denial of political and civil freedoms. In 1928, the British government further outraged

pos: Mathili Mathili Mathili is a town and an administrative block headquarters of Malkangiri district, Odisha, India. The Sports festival of the Annual, 'Malyabanta Mahotsav'-2009, the cultural festival of Malkangiri district, will start from Mathili on 19 October Mathili is located at . It has an average elevation of 170 metres (558 feet). Mathili came into National News when Laxman Nayak or Laxman Naik (22 November 1899 – 29 March 1943), the greatest freedom fighter ever this place had led the tribals for a non-cooperation movement against the British. He was a follower of non-violence principle of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1942, he

pos: Sadhu T. L. Vaswani his exile, he and his followers had stirred controversy after "prasad" was distributed as usual at his weekly meeting that took place two days after the death of Pakistan's founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The "prasad" ceremony was seen by local Muslims as an act to celebrate Jinnah's death. He was an early supporter of Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement. Upon his motion and under his influence the Sind Political Conference of the Indian National Congress passed a resolution regarding the Non-cooperation program. He wrote many books, which include: "India Arisen"; "Awake, Young India!"; "India's Adventure"; "India in Chains"; "The Secret of

pos: C. Rajagopalachari C. Vijayaraghavachariar. After Mahatma Gandhi joined the Indian independence movement in 1919, Rajagopalachari became one of his followers. He participated in the Non-Cooperation movement and gave up his law practice. In 1921, he was elected to the Congress Working Committee and served as the General Secretary of the party before making his first major breakthrough as a leader during the 1922 Indian National Congress session at Gaya when he strongly opposed collaboration with colonial administration and participation in the diarchial legislatures established by the Government of India Act 1919. While Gandhi was in prison, Rajagopalachari led the group of "No-Changers",

pos: B. J. Khatal-Patil for independence of India. He participated in the Non-cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. He first contested the Maharashtra state assembly elections in 1952 from Sangamner constituency, but he lost the election to the then political heavy weight Late Shri. Datta Deshmukh. In the next elections held in 1957 he decided not to contest. His decision was in protest of the Congress stand against Samyukta Maharashtra Movement. He was a strong supporter of Samyukta Maharashtra. He conveyed the congress leadership that he will not contest the elections himself as a protest but at the same time will not work against

pos: Sindhura Lakshmana There are several films, plays and theatrical performances staged on his life and deeds. A Kannada film "Veera Sindhoora Lakshmana" released in 1977 depicts his rebellion and struggle against the British Government. Sindhura Lakshmana Sindhura Lakshmana (1898–1922) () was an revolutionary Indian freedom fighter who engaged in violent freedom movement against British Colonial Government in India. Lakshmana was born in Theggi village, which is now in Bilagi taluk of Bagalakote district in Indian state of Karnataka. During the time when Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement engulfed the whole of India, Lakshmana started his own struggle against British by forming a band

pos: Sindhura Lakshmana Sindhura Lakshmana Sindhura Lakshmana (1898–1922) () was an revolutionary Indian freedom fighter who engaged in violent freedom movement against British Colonial Government in India. Lakshmana was born in Theggi village, which is now in Bilagi taluk of Bagalakote district in Indian state of Karnataka. During the time when Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement engulfed the whole of India, Lakshmana started his own struggle against British by forming a band of five like minded men and started looting the tax money collected by the government treasury and distributing it among the populace. In 1922, he was shot dead by British with precise

pos: Gandhi cap Gandhi cap The Gandhi cap () is a white coloured sidecap, pointed in front and back and having a wide band. It is made out of "khadi". It takes its name after the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi, who first popularised its use during the Indian independence movement. Worn commonly by Indian independence activists, it became a symbolic tradition for politicians and political activists to wear it in independent India. The Gandhi cap emerged in India during the First Non-cooperation movement during 1918–1921. when it became the standard Congress dress as popularized by Gandhi. In 1921, the British government tried to

pos: History of Tamil Nadu as important. However, in due course the British Raj began to allow Indians participation in local government. Viceroy Ripon passed a resolution in 1882, which gave a greater and more real share in local government to the people. Further legislation such as the 1892 Indian councils Act and the 1909 "Minto-Morley Reforms" eventually led to the establishment of the Madras Legislative Council. The non-cooperation movement started under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership led the British government to pass the Government of India Act (also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) of 1919. First elections were held for the local assemblies in 1921. Failure of

pos: Syed Mahmud . After practising law for a few years, he was soon drawn into the strengthening movement for India's independence. Syed Mahmud was one of the young Muslim leaders who played a role in crafting the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League. He participated in the Indian Home Rule Movement in 1916 and in the Non-cooperation movement and the Khilafat movement under the influence and leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1923 he was elected to the post of deputy general secretary of the All India Congress Committee. In 1930, he was imprisoned in Allahabad along with Indian

pos: Justice Party (India) movement in 1919. He called for a boycott of the legislatures, courts, schools and social functions. Non-cooperation did not appeal to Justice, which sought to leverage continued British presence by participating in the new political system. Justice considered Gandhi to be an anarchist threatening social order. The party newspapers "Justice", "Dravidan" and "Andhra Prakasika" persistently attacked non-cooperation. Party member Mariadas Ratnaswami wrote critically of Gandhi and his campaign against industrialisation in a pamphlet named "The political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi" in 1920. K. V. Reddi Naidu also fought non-cooperation. This stance isolated the party—most political and social organisations supported the

pos: The Legend of Bhagat Singh who came to trade under the guise of the East India Company and ended up controlling most of the nation. Bhagat takes a solemn vow to free India from British rule after witnessing the aftermath of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Soon after the massacre, he learns of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha policies, and is especially impressed by his call to launch the non-cooperation movement, which saw thousands of people burning British-made clothing, giving up school, college studies, and government jobs. In 1922, Gandhi calls off the movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. Undaunted, Bhagat decides to be a revolutionary, and, as

pos: Chauri Chaura incident this incident. In the early 1920, Indians, led by Mahatma Gandhi, were engaged in a nationwide non-cooperation movement. Using non-violent methods of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha protests were organised by the Indian National Congress to challenge oppressive government regulatory measures such as the Rowlatt Act,with the ultimate goal of swaraj or independence. Two days before the incident, on 2 February 1922, volunteers participating in the Non-cooperation Movement protested against high meat prices in the marketplace. The demonstrators were beaten back by local police. Several of their leaders were arrested and put in the lockup at the Chauri Chaura police

pos: Civil rights movement American civil rights movement, was largely inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's "non-cooperation" with the British colonists in India, which was intended to gain attention so that the public would either "intervene in advance," or "provide public pressure in support of the action to be taken" (Erikson, 415). As Hartford explains it, philosophical nonviolence training aims to "shape the individual person's attitude and mental response to crises and violence" (Civil Rights Movement Veterans). Hartford and activists like him, who trained in tactical nonviolence, considered it necessary in order to ensure physical safety, instill discipline, teach demonstrators how to demonstrate, and form mutual

pos: Mohammad Ali Jauhar Ansari and Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi, who then enlisted the support of the Indian National Congress and many thousands of Hindus, who joined the Muslims in a demonstration of unity against the British government. Jouhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national civil resistance movement, and inspired many hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities and imprisoned for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech at the meeting of the Khilafat Conference. Jouhar was, however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of Non-cooperation

pos: Kushal Konwar Committee in its meeting in Bombay passed the "Quit India" resolution. This resolution demanded complete withdrawal of the British from the India’s soil. Mahatma Gandhi gave the call of "do or die" to the people of India. The British reacted by arresting Mahatma and all the Congress leaders and putting them in jails. Across India, this sparked widespread mass movement in against the British. Cutting across caste, creed, and religion the people came out on to the streets shouting the slogan of ""Vande Mataram"". In spite of Gandhiji’s appeal for peaceful non-cooperation and dharna, in many regions the movement erupted

pos: Seemanchal Some of the delegates of Purnia attended the Nagpur session of Congress in 1920 and the moment Mahatma Gandhi gave the call for the Non-Cooperation, there were a number of volunteers in this district. Some of the early local leaders were Gokul Krishna Roy, Satyendra Narayan Roy and a few others who gave up their practice in the Bar and joined the movement. In 1921, a national school was started in Katihar. Shri Rajendra Prasad toured Purnia district in 1921 and addressed meetings at Purnia and at other places. In 1942 Quit India Movement tactics were fully implemented by the

pos: Indumati Chimanlal Sheth by her mother. Ambalal Sarabhai was a cousin of her father. She completed her primary education from the Government School in Ahmedabad. She matriculated in 1921 with a Chatfield prize awarded to the girl who stood first in the Bombay Presidency. She graduated from Gujarat Vidyapith in 1926 where she was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. She briefly worked as an honorary lecturer at Gujarat Vidyapith. She joined and taught at Sheth Chimanlal Nagindas Vidyalaya formed from the institutes founded by her mother. She participated in the non-cooperation movement in 1920s and the Quit India movement in 1942 for which she

pos: Non-cooperation movement police "chowki" (pron.-chau key) (station). The mob set fire to the police chowki with some 22 police men inside it. Mahatma Gandhi felt that the revolt was veering off-course, and was disappointed that the revolt had lost its non-violent nature. He did not want the movement to degenerate into a contest of violence, with police and angry mobs attacking each other back and forth, victimizing civilians in between. Gandhi appealed to the Indian public for all resistance to end, went on a fast lasting 3 weeks, and called off the non-cooperation movement. The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the

pos: Anne Anjaiah Anne Anjaiah Anne Anjaiah (1905 – 1975) was an Indian freedom fighter and a politician from the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born in Mudunuru village in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. He joined Non-cooperation movement as a volunteer and established 'Valmiki Ashram' for the training of these volunteers in 1920. He was arrested while participating in Salt satyagraha and imprisoned for 6 months. He was once again arrested for his involvement in Quit India Movement in 1932. He was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and popularized Khadi by establishing many centres in Hyderabad region. He was a communist

neg: Non-cooperation movement rule in India. Gandhi was horrified. He lost all faith in the goodness of the British government and declared that it would be a "sin" to cooperate with the "satanic" government. Indian Muslims who had participated in the Khilafat movement to restore the status of the Caliph gave their support to the non-cooperation movement. In response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and other violence in Punjab, the movement sought to secure Swaraj, independence for India. Gandhi promised Swaraj in one year if his Non-Cooperation programme was fully implemented. The other reason to start the non-cooperation movement was that Gandhi lost

neg: Non-cooperation movement disobedience movement. The main difference was the introduction of a policy of violating the law. Gandhi's commitment to non-violence was redeemed when, between 1930 and 1934, tens of millions again revolted in the Salt Satyagraha which made India's cause famous worldwide for its unerring adherence to non-violence. The Satyagraha ended in success: the demands of Indians were met, and the Congress Party was recognized as a representative of the Indian people. The Government of India Act 1935 also gave India its first taste in democratic self-governance. Non-cooperation movement The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement

neg: British Raj reorganised the Congress, transforming it into a mass movement and opening its membership to even the poorest Indians. Although Gandhi halted the non-cooperation movement in 1922 after the violent incident at Chauri Chaura, the movement revived again, in the mid-1920s. The visit, in 1928, of the British Simon Commission, charged with instituting constitutional reform in India, resulted in widespread protests throughout the country. Earlier, in 1925, non-violent protests of the Congress had resumed too, this time in Gujarat, and led by Patel, who organised farmers to refuse payment of increased land taxes; the success of this protest, the Bardoli Satyagraha,

neg: Akali movement Akali movement The Akali movement , also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC). The Akalis also participated in the Indian independence movement against the British Government, and supported the non-cooperation movement against them. The term Akali derives from the word Akal ("timeless" or "immortal") used in the Sikh scriptures. By

neg: Kaimganj left Doab.[2] Kaimganj possesses the honour of being ancestral town of Late Dr. Zakir Hussain, Former President of Republic of India. Syed Abdul Salam Shah, a freedom fighter who actively participated in Non-cooperation Movement (Asahiyog Andolan) led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1921-1922 and Quit India Movement in 1942. He was also a prominent political figure belonging to Indian National Congress. The very famous poet and progressive writer of his time Late Ghulam Rabbani Taban, and eminent linguist and the 5th Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia, Professor Emeritus Masud Husain Khan were from this place. Dr Shah Alam Khan,

neg: Khilafat Movement of the Khilafat see its alliance with the Congress as a marriage of convenience. Proponents of the Khilafat see it as the spark that led to the non-cooperation movement in India and a major milestone in improving Hindu-Muslim relations, while advocates of Pakistan and Muslim separatism see it as a major step towards establishing the separate Muslim state. The Ali brothers are regarded as founding-fathers of Pakistan, while Azad, Dr. Ansari and Hakim Ajmal Khan are widely celebrated as national heroes in India. Jats were the only group who were with the Ali brothers the whole time. Main tribes of

neg: Justice Party (India) and Vembakkam Iyengars, the Egmore faction led by the editor of "The Hindu", Kasturi Ranga Iyengar and the Salem nationalists led by C. Rajagopalachari. A fourth non-Brahmin faction rose to compete with them and became the Justice party. Historians differ about the extent of British influence in the evolution of the non-Brahmin movement. Kathleen Gough argues that although England played a role, the Dravidian movement had a bigger influence in South India. Eugene F. Irschick (in "Political and Social Conflict in South India; The non-Brahmin movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916–1929") holds the view that British officials sought to instigate the

neg: India and the Non-Aligned Movement of India for the most part of the Cold War years, the Non-Aligned movement was the "formula" devised by Nehru and other leaders of the newly independent countries of the third world to "guard" their independence "in face of complex international situation demanding allegiance to either of the two warring superpowers". The principles of nonalignment, as articulated by Nehru and his successors, were preservation of India's freedom of action internationally through refusal to align India with any bloc or alliance, particularly those led by the United States or the Soviet Union; nonviolence and international cooperation as a means of settling

neg: India–Kenya relations and Kenya flourished and became an exemplar of South-South cooperation. Following Kenyan independence in 1963, an Indian High Commission was established in Nairobi and an Assistant High Commission set up in Mombasa. Kenya maintains a High Commission in New Delhi that is concurrently accredited to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Singapore. Kenya and India are members of international fora like United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Commonwealth of Nations, G-77 and G-15 and the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation and often cooperate with each other on these fora. India and Kenya have growing trade and commercial ties. Bilateral trade amounted to

neg: Taj Mahmood Amroti Taj Mahmood Amroti Taj Mahmūd Amrōtī (, ) (born in Deewani village, Khairpur, Sindh, 1857; died 1929) was a scholar, fighter against British control of India, and educationalist. He led the movement of "Reshmi Roomal" and "Hijrat Movement" to Afghanistan. Maolana Sayyid Taj Mahmood Amroti helped Khilafat Movement of Turkish Khilafat / Khalifah by sending financial help and troops of his followers, force named as Junood-e-Rabbani i.e. the Forces of Allah.. Amroti translated the Qurʾān into Sindhi, gave lectures, wrote books of poetry, and edited the monthly journal "Ikhwān-ul-Muslimīn". A proponent of the non-cooperation movement in India, he was a

neg: Chuadanga District Chuadanga District Chuadanga (, pron: "tʃuaɖaŋga"), Chuadanga district or Chuadanga Zilla (চুয়াডাঙ্গা জেলা) is a Western district (zilla) of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Khulna administrative division that covers most districts in the south-west of the country. Chuadanga witnessed a number of uprisings during the British rule of India. The uprisings included Wahabi Movement (1831), Faraizi Movement(1838–47), Sepoy Rebellion (1857), Indigo Rebellion (1859–60), Khilafat Movement (1920), Swadeshi Movement (1906), Non-cooperation movement, Violation of Law and Salt Satyagraha (1920–40), Quit India Movement or August Revolt (1942). Under British rule, Chuadanga was a sub-division within Nadia District. During partition, in

neg: Karyanand Sharma Karyanand Sharma Karyanand Sharma (1901–1965) was a nationalist and peasant leader who led movements against zamindars and the British. Karyanand Sharma was born in Sahoor village in Munger (British India) now in Lakhisarai district of Bihar, India. Although he started studying in 1906, he had soon to leave school and help the family in cultivation. However, between 1914 and 1920, he educated himself and matriculated in 1920 just in time to join the non-cooperation movement. He was arrested and sentenced to one year. After release from jail, he became more and more involved in peasant issues and in 1927 organized

neg: Karyanand Sharma the most notable among them being Sathi farm struggles in Champaran. Swami and Friends- By Arvind N Das http://www.virginia.edu/soasia/symsem/kisan/papers/swami.html Karyanand Sharma Karyanand Sharma (1901–1965) was a nationalist and peasant leader who led movements against zamindars and the British. Karyanand Sharma was born in Sahoor village in Munger (British India) now in Lakhisarai district of Bihar, India. Although he started studying in 1906, he had soon to leave school and help the family in cultivation. However, between 1914 and 1920, he educated himself and matriculated in 1920 just in time to join the non-cooperation movement. He was arrested and sentenced to

neg: Non-cooperation movement movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 January 1921. The non-cooperation movement was a reaction to the oppressive policies of the British Indian government such as the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. A meeting of civilians held at Jallianwala Bagh near the Golden Temple in Amritsar was fired upon by soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Dyer, killing and injuring thousands of protestors. The outcry generated by the massacre led to thousands of unrests and more deaths at the hands of the police. The massacre became the most infamous event of British

neg: Kendua Joyhari Spry Government High School IcS Who decided to join the school name. During the abolition of British imperialism, during the non-cooperation movement of non-cooperation between India and India, anti-English protesters became financially inadequate. In order to overcome the financial deterioration of the school, application for assistance and assistance is being made inside and outside the school area. In the year 1926, according to the letter submitted by Professor "Mahim Chandra Chowdhury" of "Pala Chowdhury" of Chitholia village, Chitolia village received a grant of Tk 4000 based on the assurance of receiving Tk 4000 in a session of the school committee held on 06-1-1926, after

neg: India and the Non-Aligned Movement become independent, and apartheid in South Africa was being dismantled, diminishing the value of anticolonialism and making it impossible for antiracism to serve as a rallying point for international political action (India and South Africa restored full diplomatic relations in 1993 after a thirty nine year lapse). The Panchsheel (Panch Shila), peaceful resolution of international disputes, and international cooperation to spur economic development which was being enhanced by domestic economic reforms were broad objectives in a changing world. Thus, the 1990s saw India redefining nonalignment and the view of India's place in the world. India also is a founding member

neg: India and the Non-Aligned Movement the Non-Aligned Movement. Jawaharlal Nehru was the architect of the Non-Alignment Movement. The five principles were: Jawaharlal Nehru's concept of nonalignment brought India considerable international prestige among newly independent states that shared India's concerns about the military confrontation between the superpowers and the influence of the former colonial powers. New Delhi used nonalignment to establish a significant role for itself as a leader of the newly independent world in such multilateral organisations as the United Nations (UN) and the Nonaligned Movement. The signing of the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation between India and the Soviet Union in 1971 and

neg: Mafiz Ali Chowdhury elected to the working committee of the All India Muslim Chhatra Samity. He campaigned for the removal of Holwell Monument. He joined the Awami League in 1963 and participated in the 1966 Six point movement of the league. He edited the journal Swadesh during the 1960s. He took part in the Mass uprisings of 1969 in East Pakistan. In 1970 he was elected to the Pakistan National Assembly from Bogra-1 as a candidate of Awami League. He led the Non-cooperation movement in Bogra in 1971. He was in the Bangladeshi delegation to the United Nation led by Justice Abu Sayeed

neg: Eka Movement Congress to Madari Pasi, a low caste leader who was not inclined to accept non-violence. This led the movement losing contact with nationalist class. By March 1922, due to severe repression of British the Eka Movement came to an end. Eka Movement Eka Movement or Unity Movement is a peasant movement which surfaced in Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur during the end of 1921 by Madari Pasi, an offshoot of Non Cooperation Movement. The initial thrust was given by the leaders of Congress and Khilafat movement. The main reason for the movement was high rent, which was generally higher than 50%

neg: Anushilan Samiti India Act were enforced throughout Bengal in August 1916. By June 1917, 705 people were under house arrest under the Act and 99 were imprisoned under Regulation III. In Bengal, revolutionary violence fell to 10 incidents in 1917. According to official lists, 186 revolutionaries were killed or convicted by 1918. After the war the Defence of India Act was extended by the Rowlatt Acts, the passage of which was a prime target of M. K. Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement. Many revolutionaries released after the war escaped to Burma to avoid repeated incarceration. Between 1919 and 1922, the first non-cooperation movement began

neg: Muhammad Ali Jinnah Unity". Jinnah led another delegation of the Congress to London in 1914, but due to the start of the First World War found officials little interested in Indian reforms. By coincidence, he was in Britain at the same time as a man who would become a great political rival of his, Mohandas Gandhi, a Hindu lawyer who had become well known for advocating "satyagraha", non-violent non-cooperation, while in South Africa. Jinnah attended a reception for Gandhi, and returned home to India in January 1915. Jinnah's moderate faction in the Congress was undermined by the deaths of Mehta and Gokhale in

neg: Justice Party (India) anti-Brahmin attitude shaped many of its ideas and policies. It opposed Annie Besant and her Home rule movement, because it believed home rule would benefit the Brahmins. The party also campaigned against the non-cooperation movement in the presidency. It was at odds with M. K. Gandhi, primarily due to his praise for Brahminism. Its mistrust of the Brahmin–dominated Congress led it to adopt a hostile stance toward the Indian independence movement. The Justice Party's period in power is remembered for the introduction of caste-based reservations, and educational and religious reform. In opposition it is remembered for participating in the anti-Hindi

neg: C. Rajagopalachari joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, joining the Non-Cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience movement. In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked imprisonment when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March. In 1937, Rajagopalachari was elected Premier of the Madras Presidency and served until 1940, when he resigned due to Britain's declaration of war on Germany. He later advocated co-operation over Britain's war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement. He favoured talks with both Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League and proposed what later came

neg: India–Kiribati relations Delhi on 23-25 October 2013 to attend the Second High Level Meeting (HLM) on South-South Cooperation for Child Rights in Asia and the Pacific. The Kiribati Government's Advisor on Asia Teekoa Luta led an I-Kiribati delegation to attend the 2nd Summit of Forum for India-Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC) held at Jaipur on 21 August 2015. The country is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, of which India is an official dialogue partner. Bilateral relations received a boost following the initiation of the Forum of India-Pacific Islands Cooperation by the Narendra Modi government in 2014. A Marshallese delegation led by

neg: Independence Day (India) repressive Rowlatt Act and calls for self-rule by Indian activists. The discontent of this period crystallised into nationwide non-violent movements of non-cooperation and civil disobedience, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. During the 1930s, the reform was gradually legislated by the British; Congress won victories in the resulting elections. The next decade was beset with political turmoil: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress' final push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism led by the All-India Muslim League. The escalating political tension was capped by Independence in 1947. The jubilation was tempered by the bloody partition of the

neg: Mohammad Akram Khan involved in the Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement from 1918 to 1924. He was elected secretary of the All India Khilafat Committee at the conference held at Ahsan Manzil in Dhaka in 1920, which was attended by other eminent Khilafat Movement leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Maniruzzaman Islamabadi and Mujibur Rahman. Akram was responsible for collecting funds for the Ottoman caliphate. During 1920–1923, he organised public meetings in different parts of Bengal to propagate the cause of the Khilafat and the Non-cooperation Movement. As a believer in Hindu-Muslim amity, Akram Khan supported Chitta Ranjan Das's Swaraj Party in Kolkata in 1922,

neg: Maratha Kranti Morcha intimated in writing regarding agitation. On 24 July 2018 Maratha protests turned violent, the protesters attacked cops and torched buses, police vehicles and private cars. 24 July 2018 – Maharashtra Bandh off 25 July 2018 – Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Panvel, Thane, Kalyan, Palghar, Raigad Bandh off The Maratha groups announced Maharashtra shutdown on August Kranti Day 2018 to intensify the agitation for reservations. The August Kranti Day is celebrated annually on 9 August. The Maratha launch non-cooperation movement with the Government of Maharashtra and the Government of India. The non-cooperation movement cover non-payment of taxes to government and local body

neg: Darshan Singh Pheruman commissioner of Amritsar. In December 1924, as a part of the Gurdwara Reform Movement, he led a group of Sikhs referred to as Shahidi jatha (14th of total 16 groups) into the Jaito agitation. He was arrested and jailed for ten months. The agitation ended with the enactment of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925. In 1926, he took part in the Non-cooperation movement launched by the Indian National Congress and went to jail for 14 months. In 1926, he visited Malaya and was arrested because of his past record in India. In jail, he was not allowed to wear Kacchera,

neg: Syed Abdul Salam Shah Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1969–1974) by defeating Babu Ram of Bhartiya Jana Sangh (BJS). He served as President of District Board Farrukhabad. He was District President of INC, Farrukhabad for the longest term (more than 30 years). He actively participated in Non-cooperation Movement (Asahiyog Andolan) led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1921-1922. He also participated in Quit India Movement in 1942. He was awarded for his great contribution to Indian National Congress by the Government in 1992, just few days before his death. Syed Abdul Salam Shah died on December 6, 1992, the day when Babri Masjid was demolished. Syed Abdul

neg: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy the agitation, it gained momentum, and the administration was forced to come to a compromise. He was again arrested during the Non-Cooperation movement and the Temperance movement. In 1922, Periyar was elected the President of the Madras Presidency Congress Committee during the Tirupur session, where he advocated strongly for reservation in government jobs and education. His attempts were defeated in the Congress party due to a strong presence of discrimination and indifference, which led to his leaving the party in 1925. According to the prevalent caste system in Kerala and the rest of India, low-caste Hindus were denied entry into

neg: Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation status as a leader of the Non-aligned Movement would also allow the USSR to bolster Soviet policy in the Third World. India and the USSR therefore pursued similar policies based on common security threat born out of the US interests in Pakistan. It was in this context that India and Soviet Union exchanged military Attaches. Although Indo-Soviet cooperation had begun, the investment of soviet-military aid to India only begun in the context of deteriorating Sino-Soviet and Sino-Indian relations. Following the 1962 Sino-Indian war, the Sino-Pakistani axis was also an impetus for growing cooperation between India and the Soviet Union. By

neg: Kushal Konwar Kushal Konwar Kushal Konwar was an Indian Assamese freedom fighter from Assam and he happened to be the only martyr in India who was hanged during last phase of the Quit India Movement of 1942-43. Kushal Konwar was born in 21 March 1905 at Balijan near Sarupathar in the present District of Golaghat in Assam. His family belonged to the Tai Ahom people ethnicity and used the surname "Boruah" which was later abandoned. Kushal did his schooling in the Bezbaruah School. In 1921, while still at school he was inspired by Gandhiji’s clarion call for Non-cooperation movement and took active

neg: Themistokli Gërmenji opened the "Liria" (Freedom) Hotel, a center of the nationalist movement. That hotel was a centre of the Albanian activism of the Albanian National Awakening in planning the Congress of Monastir and Albanian revolts in the period 1909—1912. Gërmenji was a supporter of the cooperation with Bulgarians. In 1911, he traveled to Italy and Greece to find support. In 1911 he was declared "persona non grata" in Greece because he refused to agree not to carry on nationalistic propaganda south of Vlora as a condition for cooperation with the Greek authorities against the Ottoman Empire. Gërmenji led an Albanian guerilla

neg: Non-cooperation movement Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. On 18 March 1922, he was imprisoned for six years for publishing seditious materials. This led to suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders. Although most Congress leaders remained firmly behind Gandhi, the determined broke away. The Ali brothers would soon become fierce critics. Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed the Swaraj Party, rejecting Gandhi's leadership. Many nationalists had felt that the non-cooperation movement should not have been stopped due to isolated incidents of violence, and

neg: J. B. Kripalani Kripalani was born in Hyderabad in Sindh in 1888. Following his education at Fergusson College in Pune, he worked as a schoolteacher before joining the freedom movement in the wake of Gandhi's return from South Africa. From 1912 to 1917 Kripalani worked as a lecturer of english and history in Griers Bhumihar Brahmin College,(now L.S.College)Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Kripalani was involved in the Non-Cooperation Movement of the early 1920s. He worked in Gandhi's ashrams in Gujarat and Maharashtra on tasks of social reform and education, and later left for Bihar and the United Provinces in northern India to teach and organise new

neg: Benajir Ahmed Benajir Ahmed Benajir Ahmed ( – 12 February 1983) was a Bangladeshi poet and writer. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1964 and Ekushey Padak in 1979 by the Government of Bangladesh. Ahmed was born on 1903 in Dhanuya, Narayanganj, Bengal Presidency, British Raj. He was involved with Khalifat movement and the Non-cooperation movement of British India. In his youth, Ahmed fought against British rule of India. In 1921 he was arrested by the British. He was involved with the All India Muslim League and supported the Pakistan Movement. In 1962 he was elected to the Pakistan National

neg: V. S. Srinivasa Sastri but later resigned in protest against the Non-Cooperation movement. Sastri was one of the founding members of the Indian Liberal Party. In his later days, he was strongly opposed to the partition of India. Srinivasa Sastri served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1913 to 1916, Imperial Legislative Council of India from 1916 to 1919 and the Council of State from 1920 to 1925. Sastri also functioned as India's delegate to the League of Nations, as member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and agent to the Union of South Africa. Sastri gained worldwide fame

neg: Khilafat Movement throughout India, with a particular concentration in the Punjab (Sirsa, Lahore, Haryana etc.). The Ali brothers criticised Gandhi's extreme commitment to non-violence and severed their ties with him after he suspended all non-cooperation movement after the killing of 22 policemen at Chauri Chaura in 1922. Due to this Gandhiji became disturbed and very sad and called off the movement as he always believed in non-violence. The Ali brothers were severely criticised by Muslim politicians and the public. Although holding talks with the British and continuing their activities, the Khilafat movement weakened as Muslims were divided between working for the Congress,

neg: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement in 1923, and she promptly returned to India, to join the Seva Dal, a Gandhian organisation set up to promote social upliftment. Soon she was placed in charge of the women's section of the Dal, where she got involved in recruiting, training and organising girls and women of all ages women across India, to become voluntary workers, 'sevikas'. In 1926, she met the suffragette Margaret E. Cousins, the founder of All India Women's Conference (AIWC), who inspired her to run for the Madras Provincial Legislative Assembly. Thus she became the first woman to run for a legislative

neg: Non-cooperation movement (1971) the start of the non-cooperation movement through the historic 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu at the Ramna Race Course Maidan. Non-cooperation movement (1971) Non-cooperation movement was a political movement launched by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangladesh Awami League from 2 March to 25 March 1971. The Purpose of the movement was to seek autonomy for East Pakistan from the central government of Pakistan. The Bangladesh Awami League had secured the absolute majority in the 1970 elections. The President of Pakistan, Yahya Khan, postponed the formation of the government. A move viewed unfavorably by sheikh Mujib. Sheikh Mujib called strikes on

neg: Flag Satyagraha especially with the Revolutionary movement for Indian independence and the members of the revolutionary Gadar Party. Such acts of defiance gained currency across India with the rise of nationalist leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai. The "Flag Satyagraha" was a term coined to describe the hoisting of the flag as a defiance against British-imposed restrictions on civil freedom and also the legitimacy of British rule in India altogether. Proliferating during the Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) and a prominent element of the Salt Satyagraha (1930) and the Quit India movement (1942), this means of revolt

neg: Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi (26 October 1890 – 25 March 1931, Kanpur) was an Indian journalist, a leader of the Indian National Congress and an independence movement activist. He was an important figure in the non-cooperation movement and the freedom movement of India, who once translated Victor Hugo's novel "Ninety-Three", and is mostly known as the founder-editor of the Hindi language newspaper, "Pratap". His short life was a constant struggle against oppression and inhumanity. He described himself in these words: "I am a fighter against oppression and injustice, whether practised by bureaucrats, zamindars, capitalists or those of high

neg: 1920 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election 1920 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election The first legislative council election to Madras Presidency after the establishment of dyarchical system of government by the Government of India Act, 1935, was held in November 1920. Indian National Congress boycotted the election due to its participation in the Non-cooperation movement. The election occurred during the early stages of non-Brahmin movement and the major issue of the election was anti-Brahminism. Justice party won the election with no significant opposition and A. Subbarayalu Reddiar became the first Chief Minister of the presidency. Based on the recommendations of the Montague-Chelmsford report, the Government of India

neg: India and the Non-Aligned Movement India's involvement in the internal affairs of its smaller neighbours in the 1970s and 1980s tarnished New Delhi's image as a nonaligned nation and led some observers to note that in practice, nonalignment applied only to India's relations with countries outside South Asia. The movement had its origins in the 1947 Asian Relations Meeting in New Delhi and the 1955 Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia. India also participated in the 1961 Belgrade Conference that officially established the Nonaligned Movement, but Jawaharlal Nehru's declining prestige limited his influence. In the 1960s and 1970s, New Delhi concentrated on internal problems and bilateral

neg: Cripps Mission Indian soil. The invasion force contained elements of the Indian National Army, founded and led by Subhas Chandra Bose to end British control of India. It was composed of Indians, most being prisoners captured with the fall of Singapore in early 1942. The British response to the Quit India movement was to jail most of the Congress leadership. Jinnah's Muslim League condemned the Quit India movement and participated in provincial governments as well as the legislative councils of the Raj. It encouraged Muslims to participate in the war. With this cooperation, the British were able to continue administering India for

neg: Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani Bhashani was inducted into active politics and joined the Nationalist party led by Desbandhu Chittaranjan Das as an activist. Inspired by Mohammed Ali, he joined the Indian National Congress in 1919. In 1920 he was arrested and imprisoned. After being released, he participated in the Khilafat movement. In 1921 he participated in Das' Non-Cooperation Movement against British imperialism. He suffered imprisonment for some days at that time along with his large numbers of followers. He joined the Muslim League in 1930. He was elected a MLA in Assam Legislative Assembly from Dhubri (South) constituency in 1937 and served till 1946.

neg: Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya role in organising it. Members of the Dandu wore saffron clothes and donned "rudraksha" beeds and vermilion and they participated in the meeting in large numbers. Mohammed Ali, the president of the session, was impressed enough to call it the Red Army of India. Gopalakrishnayya is perhaps best known for the anti-tax satyagraha he led in Chirala during the Non-Cooperation Movement. The satyagraha had its roots in the decision of the colonial government of the Madras Presidency to combine the villages of Chirala and Perala in Guntur district into a municipality. While the villages yielded an annual tax of revenue

neg: Pramod Ranjan Choudhury Pramod Ranjan Choudhury Pramod Ranjan Choudhury (1904 - 28 September 1926) was a Bengali activist of Indian freedom movement who was hanged for the assassination of Police officer Bhupen Chatterjee. Pramod Ranjan was born at Kelishahar, Chittagong District in British India. His father name was Ishan Chandra Choudhury. Choudhury joined in Anushilan Samiti of Chattogram. In 1921 he took part in Non-cooperation movement. He was arrested from Dakshineswar for having connection with Dakshineswar Conspiracy Case and sent to prison. On 28 May 1926 Choudhury and other fellow revolutionary inmates killed Bhupen Chatterjee with an iron rod. Chatterjee was a Deputy

neg: Quamrul Hassan 1947. He secured first position in the B Group of the Inter College Bodybuilding competition in 1945. He had become a 'Nayak' of the Bratachari movement. After the partition of India, Quamrul, who was still a student, along with his mother and siblings moved to Dhaka, the then capital of East Pakistan. He was involved in the non-cooperation movement of March 1971 and was nominated the chairman of the Resistance Committee of the Hatirpul area. On 23 March, he put up at least ten propaganda posters portraying a monstrous face of Yahya Khan which inspired the freedom Fighters. On 25

neg: Mau movement throw a stone was accepted as an adequate defence and no charges were laid. A truce was declared on 12 March 1930, after another child was killed by New Zealand marines who were now suffering heat exhaustion and tropical infections. The male Mau members returned to their homes, on the condition that they retain their right to engage in non-cooperation. Meanwhile, Nelson and other exiled leaders continued to lobby the New Zealand Government and communicate their progress to the Mau. In 1931, news of the growing resistance to the British rule of India reached many Samoan villages. The Mau movement

neg: K. T. Paul a call for Non Cooperation Movement in 1920. Indian Christians could not sit on the fence, and had to reveal where their sympathies lay. The leaders S. K. Datta and K. T. Paul published an article in the 'Young Men of India' in July 1920 protesting against the insensitive behaviour of the British in the Punjab. Though the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh had shocked Indian Christians, Paul had not lost his belief that India could build its future through organic links with Western Christianity and British contact. However, his hopes of transformation of the Indian polity in cooperation with the

neg: Darjeeling British Raj, the Darjeeling area was initially a "Non-Regulation District", a scheme of administration applicable to economically less advanced districts in the British India; acts and regulations of the British Raj did not automatically apply to the district in line with rest of the country. In 1919, the area was declared a "backward tract". During the Indian independence movement, the Non-cooperation movement spread through the tea estates of Darjeeling. There was also a failed assassination attempt by revolutionaries on Sir John Anderson, the Governor of Bengal in 1934. Subsequently, during the 1940s, Communist activists continued the nationalist movement against the

neg: Ashrafuddin Ahmad Chowdhury in the Anti-British Liberation movement of Indian sub-continent. He was involved in the Khilafat Movement and Non-cooperation Movement as an activist and leader of the All India National Congress. From 1937 to 1941, he was the general secretary of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee, while Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the president. He was one of the closest allies of Netaji and played an instrumental role in organizing Bengal Congress at that time. Ashrafuddin Chowdhury also played a vital role in formation of Forward Bloc with Netaji and was a vital member in the founding Working Committee of All India

neg: First Indian National Army Sahay as well as others. The protections offered to these nationalists effectively prevented British efforts to repatriate them and became a major policy concern. By the end of the war however, the pan-Asiatic vision gradually shifted away from prominence as the independence movement in India became engrossed in the issues facing post-war India. Agitations against the Rowlatt act, the Khilafat Movement protesting the removal of the Ottoman "Caliph" (an inflammatory issue among India's huge Muslim population), as well as Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement in 1922 demanding home rule took the centre stage. By the time that the pan-Asiatic regained any prominence,

neg: South Asia Foundation Institutions of Excellence. SAF has been admitted into official relationship with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It is an apex body of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. The organization's objective is to "uphold its core values of regional cooperation and peace through education and cultural interaction between the eight SAARC countries." South Asia Foundation South Asia Foundation (SAF) was founded by UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Madanjeet Singh in 2000. The South Asia Foundation (SAF) is a secular, non-profit and non-political organization, comprising eight autonomous chapters: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAF’s

neg: Henry Lunn Hugh Kingsmill Lunn and Brian Lunn, and a daughter who predeceased him. After one year of missionary service in India, he was forced to return in 1888 to Lincolnshire after contracting an illness. His criticism of the conditions for Methodist missionaries in India led him to conflict with his fellow ministers, and he sought to explore wider horizons. He concentrated on his religious belief of Christian unity and cooperation, which was a forerunner of the Ecumenical Movement. As such, he was the founder of the Co-operative Educational Tours in 1893 and organized meetings of predominantly English church leaders at the

neg: Islam in India 1 million in India. Non-sectarian Muslims who reject the authority of hadith, known as Quranists, Quraniyoon, or Ahle Quran, are also present in India. In South Asia during the 19th century, the Ahle Quran movement formed partially in reaction to the Ahle Hadith movement whom they considered to be placing too much emphasis on hadith. Notable Indian Quranists include Chiragh Ali, Aslam Jairajpuri, Khwaja Ahmad-ud-Din Amritsari, and Abdullah Chakralawi. The vast majority of the Muslims in India belong to South Asian ethnic groups. However, some Indian Muslims were found with detectable, traceable, minor to some levels of gene flow from

neg: Swaraj and Motilal Nehru were among a contrasting group of Swarajists who laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy in India. Although Gandhi's aim of totally implementing the concepts of Swaraj in India was not achieved, the voluntary work organisations which he founded for this purpose did serve as precursors and role models for people's movements, voluntary organisations, and some of the non-governmental organisations that were subsequently launched in various parts of India. The student movement against oppressive local and central governments, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, and the Bhoodan movement, which presaged demands for land reform legislation throughout India, and which ultimately

neg: Hijli Detention Camp Hijli Detention Camp Hijli Detention Camp (now called Shaheed Bhavan, IIT Kharagpur), is a former detention camp during British rule in India. Located in Hijli, beside Kharagpur, (a part of former Hijli Kingdom) in the district of Midnapore West, West Bengal, India, it played a significant role in the struggle against the British Raj in the early 20th century. The large numbers of those who participated in the armed struggle or the non-cooperation movement could not be accommodated in ordinary jails. The British Government decided to establish a few detention camps; the first one was located in Buxa Fort followed

neg: Foreign relations of Indonesia positions in its councils. As NAM Chairman in 1992-95, it led NAM positions away from the rhetoric of North-South confrontation, advocating instead the broadening of North-South co-operation in the area of development. Indonesia continues to be a prominent, and generally helpful, leader of the Non-Aligned Movement. Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population, and is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It carefully considers the interests of Islamic solidarity in its foreign policy decisions but generally has been an influence for moderation in the OIC. President Abdurrahman Wahid has pursued better relations with Israel, and in August

neg: Sachindra Nath Sanyal engage in anti-British activities, he was sent back and his ancestral family home in Benaras was confiscated. Following the end of the Non-cooperation movement in 1922, Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil and some other revolutionaries who wanted an independent India and were prepared to use force to achieve their goal, founded the Hindustan Republican Association in October 1924. He was the author of the HRA manifesto, titled "The Revolutionary", that was distributed in large cities of North India on 31 December 1924. Sanyal was jailed for his involvement in the Kakori conspiracy but was among those conspirators released from Naini Central

neg: Ismail Ahmed Cachalia was in prison at the time of Ismail's birth. The senior Cachalia was the chairman of the "Transvaal British Indian Association" who was forced into bankruptcy due to his connection with the organization and the young Ismail grew up amidst anti apartheid struggles. He completed his primary education up to class 5 at Bree Street Indian School, Johannesburg and moved to Uttar Pradesh in India, and studied Scriptures and Arabic at the Muslim Theological college in Deoband to become an Aalim (priest). He is reported to have participated in the non-cooperation movement in India during that time but returned to

neg: Pakistan India. An intellectual movement to counter the Hindu renaissance was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, who helped found the All-India Muslim League in 1901 and envisioned, as well as advocated for, the two-nation theory. In contrast to the Indian National Congress's anti-British efforts, the Muslim League was a pro-British movement whose political program inherited the British values that would shape Pakistan's future civil society. In events during World War I, British Intelligence foiled an anti-English conspiracy involving the nexus of Congress and the German Empire. The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian Congress engaged millions of protesters

neg: Bangladesh the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative. It is also a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations, the Developing 8 Countries, the OIC, the Indian-Ocean Rim Association, the Non Aligned Movement, the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization. Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces. The etymology of "Bangladesh" (Country of Bengal) can be traced to the early 20th century, when Bengali patriotic songs, such as "Namo Namo Namo Bangladesh Momo" by Kazi Nazrul Islam and "Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy" by Rabindranath Tagore, used

neg: Responsive Cooperation Party Responsive Cooperation Party The Responsive Cooperation Party was a political party operating in the Indian independence movement and was established by M. R. Jayakar, B. S. Moonje, N. C. Kelkar and others. The party was a splinter from the Motilal Nehru-led Swaraj Party, which was further split by the formation of the Independent Congress Party and the Nationalist Party. The Responsive Cooperationists had become opposed to the concept of non-cooperation with the government of the British Raj and Jayakar's move away from the Swaraj Party was evident by October 1925. The concept of responsive cooperation predates the party and was

neg: History of the Telangana movement the cooperation of a few Muslims for the integration of the State with the rest of the country. The Indian National leaders from the state as well as Arya Samaj leaders invoked themselves whole-heartedly in the movement. The peasants of the state, influenced by Communist party, had also revolted against the Nizam, who tried to suppress their armed struggle against landlords. Qasim Razvi led private Razakar Muslim army fighting for continuation of the Nizam's rule, did worst forms of atrocities on people. The Government of India liberated and assimilated the Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by

neg: Non-cooperation movement (1971) Non-cooperation movement (1971) Non-cooperation movement was a political movement launched by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangladesh Awami League from 2 March to 25 March 1971. The Purpose of the movement was to seek autonomy for East Pakistan from the central government of Pakistan. The Bangladesh Awami League had secured the absolute majority in the 1970 elections. The President of Pakistan, Yahya Khan, postponed the formation of the government. A move viewed unfavorably by sheikh Mujib. Sheikh Mujib called strikes on the 2 and 3 March, calling for the speedy transfer of power. On 7 March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared

neg: Non-Aligned Movement International Economic Order (NIEO), and its cultural offspring, the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). The latter, on its own, sparked a Non-Aligned initiative on cooperation for communications, the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool, created in 1975 and later converted into the NAM News Network in 2005. The Non-Aligned Movement espouses policies and practices of cooperation, especially those that are multilateral and provide mutual benefit to all those involved. Many of the members of the Non-Aligned Movement are also members of the United Nations. Both organisations have a stated policy of peaceful cooperation, yet the successes the NAM has had

neg: Bankim Mukherjee Bankim Mukherjee Bankim Mukherjee was an Indian communist politician. Mukherjee became political active in the 1920s, taking part in the Civil Disobedience Movement and jute mill workers union struggles in Bengal. In 1921 Mukherjee went to Etawah with his friend Radharaman Mitra and participated in Non-cooperation movement. They were arrested and imprisoned. He became a member of the Communist Party of India in 1936. In 1937 he was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly. He served as president and general secretary of the All India Kisan Sabha. He was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Budge Budge in