query: where is the stress in french words typically placed

pos: Stress (linguistics) syllable). In Macedonian, it is on the antepenult (third-last syllable). Other languages have stress placed on different syllables but in a predictable way, as in Classical Arabic and Latin (whose stress is conditioned by the structure of the penult). They are said to have a regular stress rule. Statements about the position of stress are sometimes affected by the fact that when a word is spoken in isolation, prosodic factors (see below) come into play, which do not apply when the word is spoken normally within a sentence. French words are sometimes said to be stressed on the final syllable,

pos: Stress (linguistics) (For further detail see Stress and vowel reduction in English.) "Prosodic stress", or "sentence stress", refers to stress patterns that apply at a higher level than the individual word – namely within a prosodic unit. It may involve a certain natural stress pattern characteristic of a given language, but may also involve the placing of emphasis on particular words because of their relative importance (contrastive stress). An example of a natural prosodic stress pattern is that described for French above; stress is placed on the final syllable of a string of words (or if that is a schwa, the next-to-final

pos: Stress (linguistics) syllable). In Macedonian, it is on the antepenult (third-last syllable). Other languages have stress placed on different syllables but in a predictable way, as in Classical Arabic and Latin (whose stress is conditioned by the structure of the penult). They are said to have a regular stress rule. Statements about the position of stress are sometimes affected by the fact that when a word is spoken in isolation, prosodic factors (see below) come into play, which do not apply when the word is spoken normally within a sentence. French words are sometimes said to be stressed on the final syllable,

pos: Non, je ne regrette rien broken. The leadership of the Regiment was arrested and tried but the non-commissioned officers, corporals and Legionnaires were assigned to other Foreign Legion formations. They left the barracks singing the song, which has now become part of the French Foreign Legion heritage and is sung when they are on parade. The rhymes of the words echo the rhythm of the melody following typical French meter, where words almost always stress the final syllable, in iambic and anapestic compositions. A literal translation is unable to maintain the internal harmony of lyric and tune, since English words usually stress an earlier syllable

pos: Domari language and [dʒ] are also consonants that differ in sound from Arabic. The biggest difference in expression of language between Arabic and Domari is where the stress is placed. Arabic has phoneme-level stress while Domari is a language of word-level stress. The Domari language emphasizes stress on the final syllable, as well as grammatical markers for gender and number. Most nouns, besides proper nouns, adopted from Arabic sound distinct because of the unique stresses in Domari (Matras 1999). Domari is thought to have borrowed a lot of words and grammatical structure from Arabic; however, this is not entirely true. Complex verbs

pos: Erzgebirgisch most important Erzgebirgisch dialects, with the IPA value and the corresponding character used in this article. The writing of the vowels presented here follows in part the official Schwyzertütsch orthography. The orthographic representation of a vowel follows after the IPA characters, if different. Erzgebirgisch has lexical stress. There is a tendency to stress the first syllable even in French loanwords, where Standard German stresses the final syllable (e.g. "biro" 'office'), but loan words which follow the Standard German pattern are more numerous (e.g. "dridewààr" 'sidewalk' (from French )). Erzgebirgisch numbers three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter. Most Erzgebirgisch lexemes have

pos: Stress and vowel reduction in English unstressed vowels also derive historically from stressed vowels, due to shifts of stress over time (such as stress shifting away from the final syllable of French loan words, like "ballet" and "bureau", in British English), or the loss or change of stress in compound words or phrases (as in "óverseas vóyage" from "overséas" or "óverséas" plus "vóyage"). There is a tendency, though, for such vowels to become reduced over time, especially in common words. With vowels represented as and , it may be hard to ascertain whether they represent a full vowel or a reduced vowel. A word that illustrates

pos: Hyperforeignism in the suffix "-ista") is a hyperforeignism. In Italian (and Spanish), the gender is indicated by the article; il (el) barista" for a male and la barista" for a female. The word "latte" ('milk'), as in "caffè latte", is often misspelled as or , implying stress on the final syllable. However, "latte" has no accent mark in Italian and has the stress on the first syllable. This may be an analogy with French words such as "frappé" , where there is such an accent mark. Italian , as in "maraschino" or the brand name "Freschetta", is often mispronounced as English

pos: Biblical Hebrew later in the word (usually to the last syllable of the word). Stress was originally penultimate and loss of final short vowels made many words have final stress. However, words whose final syllable had a long vowel or ended with a consonant were unaffected and still had penultimate stress at this point. This change did not happen in pausal position, where the penultimate stress is preserved, and vowel lengthening rather than reduction occurs. The previous three changes occurred in a complex, interlocking fashion: Examples: Note that many, perhaps most, Hebrew words with a schwa directly before a final stress are

pos: Extrametricality Extrametricality In linguistics, extrametricality is a tool for prosodic analysis of words in a language. In certain languages, a particular segment or prosodic unit of a word may be ignored for the purposes of determining the stress structure of the word. For example, in a language like classical Latin, where polysyllabic words never have stress on their final syllables, and the position of stress in a word is determined by looking at the penultimate and antepenultimate syllables only, it simplifies the linguistic formulation of the stress-assignment rules of Latin to say that the final syllable of a polysyllabic word is

pos: Paumarí language and by somewhat higher pitch, although the latter is difficult for non-speakers to distinguish and was found by digital analysis of sound wave of native speakers. Secondary stress in Paumarí is characterized by a slight increase in intensity and often an increase in syllable duration. The final syllable of a word always has one of the two of these and therefore is always somewhat stressed. The stress system starts at the final syllable and works its way to the left, or the beginning of the word, skipping every other syllable. In disyllabic words, the primary stress is placed on the

pos: Pitch-accent language "Cymraeg" "Welsh"), and is usually on a low pitch followed by a rising pitch. "In Welsh, the stressed syllable is associated with lower pitch than less stressed or unstressed syllables ... However, the post-stress syllable in Welsh is typically produced on a higher pitch." It is believed that this came about because late Brythonic (the ancestor of Welsh) had a penultimate accent that was pronounced with a high pitch. When the final vowels of words were lost, the high pitch remained on what was now the final syllable, but the stress moved to the new penultimate. Thus LHL changed to

pos: Portuguese phonology and in with certain function words, or in some phrase stress conditions (see Mateus and d'Andrade, for details), European Portuguese has a similar process: But in other prosodic conditions, and in relaxed pronunciation, EP simply drops final unstressed and (elision): Unlike French, for example, Portuguese does not indicate most of these sound changes explicitly in its orthography. Primary stress may fall on any of the three final syllables of a word, but mostly on the last two. There is a partial correlation between the position of the stress and the final vowel; for example, the final syllable is usually stressed

pos: Spanish phonology to the perception of stress, pitch is the most important in isolation. Primary stress occurs on the penultima (the next-to-last syllable) 80% of the time. The other 20% of the time, stress falls on the ultima and antepenultima (third-to-last syllable). Nonverbs are generally stressed on the penultimate syllable for vowel-final words and on the final syllable of consonant-final words. Exceptions are marked orthographically (see below), whereas regular words are underlyingly phonologically marked with a stress feature [+stress]. In addition to exceptions to these tendencies, particularly learned words from Greek and Latin that feature antepenultimate stress, there are numerous minimal pairs

neg: Stress (linguistics) Other languages, like English and Russian, have "variable stress", where the position of stress in a word is not predictable in that way. Sometimes more than one level of stress, such as "primary stress" and "secondary stress", may be identified. However, some languages, such as French and Mandarin, are sometimes analyzed as lacking lexical stress entirely. The stress placed on words within sentences is called sentence stress or prosodic stress. This is one of the three components of prosody, along with rhythm and intonation. It includes phrasal stress (the default emphasis of certain words within phrases or clauses), and contrastive

neg: Syllable than one syllable. "Syllable" is an Anglo-Norman variation of Old French "sillabe", from Latin "syllaba", from Koine Greek "syllabḗ" (). means "what is taken together", referring to letters that are taken together to make a single sound. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the period marks syllable breaks, such as in the word "astronomical" . In practice, however, IPA transcription is typically divided into words by spaces, and often these spaces are also understood to be syllable breaks. In addition, the stress mark is placed immediately before a stressed syllable, and when the stressed syllable is in the middle of

neg: Stress in Spanish a "llana" or "grave". "Llanas" typically are words that end in "n", "s", or a vowel. Any exceptions have a written accent. If the stress is placed on the third to last or the fourth to last syllable, they are categorized as "esdrújulas" or "sobresdrújulas", respectively. In either of the last two categories, the stressed syllable must be accented to break the rules of the first two categories. No single Spanish word is classified as a "sobresdrújula", only compound verbs like "diciéndonosla" ("diciendo-nos-la"; telling it to us). Stress in Spanish Stress in Spanish is functional: to change the placement of

neg: Stress (linguistics) but that can be attributed to the prosodic stress that is placed on the last syllable (unless it is a schwa, when it is the second-last) of any string of words in that language. Thus, it is on the last syllable of a word analyzed in isolation. The situation is similar in Standard Chinese. French (some authors add Chinese) can be considered to have no real lexical stress. Languages in which the position of stress in a word is less predictable are said to have "variable stress" like English, Russian, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Stress is usually truly lexical and

neg: Irish language today only in the Irish of Connacht. It typically placed the stress on the first syllable of a word, and showed a preference (found in placenames) for the pronunciation "cr" where the standard spelling is "cn". The word (hill) would therefore be pronounced . Examples are the placenames Crooksling () in County Dublin and Crukeen () in Carlow. East Leinster showed the same diphthongisation or vowel lengthening as in Munster and Connacht Irish in words like (hole), (monastery), (wood), (head), (crooked) and (crowd). A feature of the dialect was the pronunciation of the vowel "ao", which generally became "ae" in

neg: Bengali phonology on the last word of the sentence. Adding prefixes to a word typically shifts the stress to the left; for example, while the word "shobbho" ('civilized') carries the primary stress on the first syllable, adding the negative prefix creates "ôshobbho" ('uncivilized'), where the primary stress is now on the newly added first syllable "ô". Word-stress does not alter the meaning of a word and is always subsidiary to sentence-level stress. For Bengali words, intonation or pitch of voice have minor significance, apart from a few cases such as distinguishing between identical vowels in a diphthong. However, in sentences intonation does

neg: Papiamento orthography and "bòl" , "tur" and "hür" , while the acute accent is used to indicate stress within a word. Without an accent, words in Papiamentu take on a consistent manner of emphasis. The stress is always on the last syllable in words ending with a consonant and on the penultimate in words ending with a vowel. Words that do not follow the default stress have an acute accent above the vowel (or second vowel of a diphthong) of the stressed syllable. Like Spanish, Papiamentu orthography distinguishes between four types of words: Stress is always placed on a syllable with a

neg: Swenglish with the latter sometimes respelled according to the norms of Swedish phonetics, or calqued into Swedish. Swenglish Swenglish is a colloquial term meaning either: Swedish is characterised by a strong word stress and phrase prosody that differs from that of English. There are words that are similar in meaning and pronunciation, that have different stress patterns. For example, verbs that end with "-era" in Swedish are often French loanwords, where the French word ends with a stressed "-er". The Swedish word gets its stress point at the same place, but this is not true in English. A native Swedish speaker

neg: Swenglish Swenglish Swenglish is a colloquial term meaning either: Swedish is characterised by a strong word stress and phrase prosody that differs from that of English. There are words that are similar in meaning and pronunciation, that have different stress patterns. For example, verbs that end with "-era" in Swedish are often French loanwords, where the French word ends with a stressed "-er". The Swedish word gets its stress point at the same place, but this is not true in English. A native Swedish speaker might mispronounce "generate" as by following the pattern of the Swedish "generera" (). Swedish lacks many

neg:
Cayuga language are not. Allophonic variations that occur in Cayuga:
 The vowel is voiced when it and a following are in an even-numbered syllable and in "absolute word-initial position or in word-final position, or preceded by another ." For example:
 " 'tell her' "
 Most words have accented vowels, resulting in a higher pitch. Where the stress is placed is dependent on the "position of the word in the phrase." The default location for stress for nouns is on final vowel. "In words that are at the end of a phrase, accent falls on the 2nd last vowel, the 3rd last

neg: Stress and vowel reduction in English stress (word stress) is regarded as being phonemic in English; the position of the stress is generally unpredictable and can serve to distinguish words. For example, the words "insight" and "incite" are distinguished in pronunciation only by the fact that the stress is placed on the first syllable in the former word, and on the second syllable in the latter. Similarly, the noun and the verb "increase" are distinguished by the placement of the stress in the same way – this is an example of an initial-stress-derived noun. Moreover, even within a given letter sequence and a given part of

neg: Saaroa language the Japanese occupation of Taiwan (1895-1945). Apart from Japanese, words were borrowed from Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese southern Min, and other aboriginal languages in the neighboring area, e.g. Bunun. In the past, Roman script was employed in the previous writing materials of Saaroa. Underived roots carry the basic meaning of words typically consist of more than two syllables, in a (C)V.(C)V.(C)V pattern. Saaroa distinguishes primary stress (indicated by ˊ ) and secondary stress (indicated by ˋ). Primary stress is not contrastive, nor is secondary stress. A vowel with primary stress is characterised by higher pitch and greater intensity. Though the stressed

neg: Segolate Segolate Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress. Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) segol. These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended with two consonants; indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. "kéleḇ" "dog" vs. "kalbī" "my dog"). Examples: The ancient forms like "*CawC" (such as "šawr" "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate "CôC" (שׁוֹר šôr), though there are exceptions,

neg: Segolate such as מָוֶת "māweṯ" "death". Classical Arabic still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, e.g. "ʼarḍ" "earth", "kalb" "dog", "ʻayn" "eye", "ṣidq" "sincerity". (Some modern dialects insert an epenthetic vowel between the final two consonants, similar to what happened in Hebrew. Segolate Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress. Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) segol. These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended with two consonants; indeed, when a suffix (other than

neg: Hyperforeignism "Claret" is often pronounced , without a final . However, it is historically an Anglicised (and genericised) version of the original French "clairet", with the more typically being pronounced and the stress falling on the first syllable: . Moët, a brand of French champagne, is often wrongly pronounced with a silent "t". The name is Dutch and so the correct pronunciation is "mo-ette" or "mo-wett" ]. The in the name of the Taj Mahal or "raj" is often rendered , but a closer approximation to the Hindi sound is . The in most words associated with languages of India is

neg: Khmer language native disyllabic words, the first syllable is a minor (fully unstressed) syllable. Such words have been described as "sesquisyllabic" (i.e. as having one-and-a-half syllables). There are also some disyllabic words in which the first syllable does not behave as a minor syllable, but takes secondary stress. Most such words are compounds, but some are single morphemes (generally loanwords). An example is ('language'), pronounced . Words with three or more syllables, if they are not compounds, are mostly loanwords, usually derived from Pali, Sanskrit, or more recently, French. They are nonetheless adapted to Khmer stress patterns. Primary stress falls on the

neg: Old English metre whereas ‘helping’ words such as pronouns and prepositions are almost never alliterated. The alliteration and positioning of these syllables are what help assign stress to certain words and not others. After we find the alliterative syllables in the two half-lines, we can assign stress according to their position and length of the syllables. This stress, or arsis, is usually placed on a syllable containing a long vowel. The stressed syllables are ordered along the same basic hierarchy of the alliteration; it is very rare that a stressed syllable would be a preposition or pronoun. Words such as God, King, and

neg: Bulgarian phonology but on the palate and are considered palatal consonants. Stress is not usually signified in written text. In cases where the stress must be indicated, a grave accent is placed on the vowel of the stressed syllable. Bulgarian word stress is "dynamic". Stressed syllables are louder and longer than unstressed ones. As in Russian and other East Slavic languages, Bulgarian stress is also "lexical" rather than "fixed" as in French, Latin or the West Slavic languages. It may fall on any syllable of a polysyllabic word, and its position may vary depending on the inflection and derivation, for example: Bulgarian

neg: Stress (linguistics) by a combination of various intensified properties, it is called "stress accent" or "dynamic accent"; English uses what is called variable stress accent. Since stress can be realised through a wide range of phonetic properties, such as loudness, vowel length, and pitch, which are also used for other linguistic functions, it is difficult to define stress solely phonetically. The stress placed on syllables within words is called word stress or lexical stress. Some languages have "fixed stress", meaning that the stress on virtually any multisyllable word falls on a particular syllable, such as the penultimate (e.g. Polish) or the first.

neg: Apma language ee, ii, oo and uu). Long vowels typically occur where a consonant (most commonly "r") has historically been lost. Vowels can occur alone or in various combinations. A few words (e.g. "miu" "wild cane") contain a distinctive rounded high-front vowel, generally written as "iu" although perceived by speakers simply as a variant of "u". Stress is normally on the penultimate syllable of a word. However, syllables that end with a consonant or a long vowel take stress in precedence to other syllables. Basic word order in Apma is subject–verb–object. Occasionally, a subject may occur out of its usual position, in

neg: English orthography is frequently seen in archaic and pseudoarchaic writings with the "-ed" suffix, to indicate that the "e" should be fully pronounced, as with "cursèd". The acute and grave accents are occasionally used in poetry and lyrics: the acute to indicate stress overtly where it might be ambiguous (rébel vs. rebél) or nonstandard for metrical reasons (caléndar); the grave to indicate that an ordinarily silent or elided syllable is pronounced (warnèd, parlìament). In certain older texts (typically British), the use of the ligatures æ and œ is common in words such as "archæology", "diarrhœa", and "encyclopædia". Such words have Latin or

neg: Frenchville French forms of the Standard French /r/ are used in Frenchville French even when the words are borrowed from English. Unlike Standard French, where [œ] and [ø] hold both contrastive and allophonic relationships with one another depending on stress, Frenchville French pronounces these two sounds word-finally similarly to the rhoticized schwa /ɚ/ of American English. Frenchville French has inconsistencies in gender assignment and agreement when compared with Standard French. Over-use of the infinitive form for verbs where finite forms are to be expected are also observed. Finally, the third person plural subject pronoun is no longer "ils" (masculine) and "elles" (feminine),

neg: Cypriot Greek to certain verb forms. Because of this possibility, however, when words with antepenultimate stress are followed by an enclitic in Cypriot Greek, no extra stress is added (unlike Standard Modern Greek, where the stress can only fall on one of the last three syllables), e.g. Cypriot Greek , Standard Modern Greek "my bicycle". An overview of syntactic and morphological differences between Standard Modern Greek and Cypriot Greek can be found in . More loanwords are in everyday use than in Standard Modern Greek. These come from Old French, Italian, Provençal, Turkish and, increasingly, from English. There are also Arabic expressions

neg: Anime languages such as Standard English (pronunciation: ), which has different vowels and stress with regards to Japanese, where each mora carries equal stress. As with a few other Japanese words such as "saké", "Pokémon", and "Kobo Abé," English-language texts sometimes spell "anime" as "animé" (as in French), with an acute accent over the final "e", to cue the reader to pronounce the letter, not to leave it silent as Standard English orthography may suggest. Some sources claim that "anime" derives from the French term for animation "dessin animé", but others believe this to be a myth derived from the French

neg: Latin spelling and pronunciation θέσει" ("makrà thései" = 'long by proposition'), respectively; therefore "positiōne" should not be mistaken for implying a syllable "is long because of its position/place in a word" but rather "is treated as 'long' by convention". This article uses the words "heavy" and "light" for syllables, and "long" and "short" for vowels since the two are not the same. In a word of three or more syllables, the weight of the penult determines where the accent is placed. If the penult is light, accent is placed on the antepenult; if it is heavy, accent is placed on the penult. Below, stress

neg: Stress (linguistics) syllable). A similar pattern has been claimed for English (see above): the traditional distinction between (lexical) primary and secondary stress is replaced partly by a prosodic rule stating that the final stressed syllable in a phrase is given additional stress. (A word spoken alone becomes such a phrase, hence such prosodic stress may appear to be lexical if the pronunciation of words is analyzed in a standalone context rather than within phrases.) Another type of prosodic stress pattern is "quantity sensitivity" – in some languages additional stress tends to be placed on syllables that are longer (moraically heavy). Prosodic stress

neg: Mansim language need the use of a different pitch, but this is not seen in the data, although it is restricted. Stress seems to be placed in an iambic pattern over the clause, with stress placed on the second syllable. This means that person prefixes and first syllables of polysyllabilic words, with the exception of full personal pronouns, are unstressed. Citation markers and possessive pronouns can be stressed, but major categories like nouns and verbs do not necessarily attract main stress. The basic word order of Mansim is SOV (subject-object-verb). In the noun phrase, the possessive pronoun is after the nominal position.

neg: Kirshenbaum in the Kirshenbaum specification. It may also be helpful to compare it to the SAMPA chart or X-SAMPA chart." The IPA consonant chart, for comparison, uses many symbols that are less widely supported: The IPA vowel chart, by comparison, uses many symbols that are less widely supported: Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify. Stress is indicated by codice_1 for primary stress, and codice_2 for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable. The Kirshenbaum started developing in August 1992 through a usenet group, after "being fed up with describing the sound of words by using other words". It should

neg: Latin and adjectives. The phrases are mentioned with accents to show where stress is placed. In Latin, most words are stressed at the second-last (penultimate) syllable, called in Latin "paenultima" or "syllaba paenultima". A few words are stressed at the third-last syllable, called in Latin "antepaenultima" or "syllaba antepaenultima". sálve / salvéte – hello áve / avéte – greetings vále / valéte – goodbye cúra ut váleas – take care exoptátus / exoptáta , optátus / optáta , grátus / gráta , accéptus / accépta – welcome quómodo váles?, ut váles? – how are you? bonus – good amabo te –

neg: Winnebago language flat', or across morpheme boundaries, as in /šra/ becoming [šara] in the word "šaraše" ’you go there,’ where "š" is the second person pronominal prefixing to the verb "rahe" ’to be going there.’ Ho-Chunk is a mora counting, but syllable accenting language. The stress placement of words spoken in isolation is extremely regular. Single-syllable words always have a long vowel (two moras), and stress falls on the first mora (e.g. "áa" 'arm'). Two-syllable words have two moras, and primary stress falls on the second mora (e.g. "wajé" 'dress'). In words longer than two syllables, primary stress most often falls on

neg: Mahican language words, written first in a linguistically oriented transcription, followed by the same words written in a practical system that has been used in the linguistically related dialect of Munsee. The linguistic system uses a raised dot (·) to indicate vowel length. Although stress is mostly predictable, the linguistic system uses the acute accent to indicate predictable main stress. As well, predictable voiceless or murmured /ă/ is indicated with the breve accent (˘). Similarly, the breve accent is used to indicate an ultra-short that typically occurs before a single voiced consonant followed by a vowel. The practical system indicates vowel length

neg: French phonology schwa as their only vowel (, , , etc.) are generally clitics but otherwise may receive stress. The difference between stressed and unstressed syllables in French is less marked than in English. Vowels in unstressed syllables keep their full quality, regardless of whether the rhythm of the speaker is syllable-timed or mora-timed (see isochrony). Moreover, words lose their stress to varying degrees when pronounced in phrases and sentences. In general, only the last word in a phonological phrase retains its full grammatical stress (on its last full syllable). Emphatic stress is used to call attention to a specific element in

neg: Halkomelem words that are composed of a root that has retained its stress and a stressed suffix (e.g. as in "cʼéwəθàmx" "help me"). It may be the case, however, that the secondary stress recorded by Suttles (2004) in words like "cʼéwəθàmx" is actually a falling pitch; this seems to be characteristic of the last stressed syllable of a phrase in the language. Additional analyses of the sentential intonation patterns are needed. All obstruents (except the glottals) typically follow one another in sequences of up to four, although a sequence of five is also possible (e.g. as in "txʷstx̌ʷásʔal" "just standing in

neg: Stress (linguistics) in post-tonic position. In Mandarin Chinese, which is a tone language, stressed syllables have been found to have tones realized with a relatively large swing in fundamental frequency, while unstressed syllables typically have smaller swings. (See also Stress in Standard Chinese.) Stressed syllables are often perceived as being more forceful than non-stressed syllables. Research has shown, however, that although dynamic accent is accompanied by greater respiratory force, it does not mean a more forceful articulation in the vocal tract. Lexical stress, or word stress, is the stress placed on a given syllable in a word. The position of lexical stress

neg: Stress and vowel reduction in English the contrast is "chauvinism", where the first "i" may be regarded as an instance of the reduced vowel [ɨ], and the second as unreduced . In many phonological approaches, and in many dictionaries, English is represented as having two levels of stress: primary and secondary. In every lexical word, and in some grammatical words, one syllable is identified as having primary stress, though in monosyllables the stress is not generally marked. In addition, longer words may have one or more syllables identified as having secondary stress. Syllables that have neither are called unstressed. Secondary stress is frequently indicated in the

neg: Glosa start of a word but this is non-preferred. Some foreign names may include non-Glosa letters in order to retain original spelling. The first pronunciation is the preferred one: There are no diphthongs in Glosa. Where two or more vowels occur together they are pronounced separately. The stress or accent should be placed gently on the vowel before the last consonant. Glosa contains two major groups of words: Primitives are the small number of basic function words present in most languages—these allow us to describe the relationships between the major concepts we convey. These are basically prepositions and conjunctions, such as:

neg: French phonology There again, one can formulate a derivation from an underlying full vowel , but the analysis is not always adequate because of the existence of possible minimal pairs like ('country') / ('paycheck') and ('abbey') / ('bee'). Schane (1968) proposes an abstract analysis deriving postvocalic from an underlying lateral by palatalization and glide conversion ( → → ). Word stress is not distinctive in French, so two words cannot be distinguished on the basis of stress placement alone. In fact, grammatical stress is always on the final full syllable (syllable with a vowel other than schwa) of a word. Monosyllables with

neg: Czech phonology pronunciation is something between and , i.e. mid back vowel. Note that is not a separate vowel. It simply denotes after a palatal stop or palatal nasal (e.g. ), after /m/ (e.g. ), and after other labial consonants (e.g. ). The vowel sequences , and in foreign words are not diphthongs. They are pronounced with an epenthetic between the vowels: . The stress is nearly always fixed to the first syllable of a word. Exceptions: Long words can have the secondary stress which is mostly placed on every odd syllable, e.g. ˈ.ˌ ('the most beautiful'). However, in some cases it

neg: Adeline Canac stress fracture in her sternum. They returned in time for the 2008 Worlds, where they placed 14th. Canac / Coia moved to Canada for training in 2008. They again won the French national championships and were the highest placed French team at the 2009 Europeans, finishing ninth. They did not compete at that season's Worlds. In the 2009–10 Olympic season, Canac / Coia finished second at the French Championships and 10th at the 2010 Europeans, three places behind the top French pair, Vanessa James / Yannick Bonheur. As a result, Canac / Coia were not selected to represent France at

neg: Romance languages > Spanish/Portuguese "amar". Most words with antepenultimate stress are learned borrowings from Latin, e.g. Spanish/Portuguese "fábrica" "factory" (the corresponding inherited word is Spanish "fragua", Portuguese "frágua" "forge"). This process has gone even farther in French, with deletion of all post-stressed vowels, leading to consistent, predictable stress on the last syllable: e.g. Latin "Stephanum" "Stephen" > Old French "Estievne" > French "Étienne" ; Latin "juvenis" "young" > Old French "juevne" > French "jeune" . This applies even to borrowings: e.g. Latin "fabrica" > French borrowing "fabrique" (the inherited word in this case being monosyllabic "forge" < Pre-French *"fauriga"). Other than French

neg: Genitive construction "bet ha-yeled" "the child's house" (where "ha-yeled" means "the child"). Typically, the special form is shorter than the original, and no other modifier (e.g. adjective) can intervene between head and dependent. (In Biblical Hebrew, the entire construct was pronounced phonologically as a single word, with no stress on the construct-state noun; this triggered sound changes associated with unstressed syllables, which typically shortened the construct-state noun.) Classical Arabic has a similar construction, but the dependent noun is "also" placed in the genitive case: In this case, the word ' "teachers" assumes the construct-state form ', and ' "the child" assumes the

neg: Stress and vowel reduction in English one. In citation form, or at the end of a prosodic unit (marked ), extra stress appears from the utterance that is not inherent in the words themselves: "cóunterintélligence" and "cóunterfoil" . To determine where the actual lexical stress is in a word, one may try pronouncing the word in a phrase, with other words before and after it and without any pauses between them, to eliminate the effects of tonic stress: in "the còunterintèlligence commúnity," for example, one can hear secondary (that is, lexical) stress on two syllables of "counterintelligence," as the primary (tonic) stress has shifted to "community".

neg: Michif 1970s combined two separate phonological systems: one for French origin elements, and one for Cree origin elements (Rhodes 1977, 1986). For instance, /y/, /l/, /r/ and /f/ exist only in French words, whereas preaspirated stops such as and exist only in Cree words. In this variety of Michif, the French elements were pronounced in ways that have distinctively Canadian French values for the vowels, while the Cree elements have distinctively Cree values for vowels. Nonetheless, there is some Cree influence on French words in the stress system (Rosen 2006). But by the year 2000 there were Michif speakers who had

neg: Comanche language boldface. Comanche stress most commonly falls on the first syllable. Exceptions to this rule, such as in the words "Waʔsáasiʔ", meaning 'Osage people', and "aná", meaning 'ouch!', are marked with an acute accent. For the purpose of stress placement, the diphthongs /ai/, /oi/, and /ui/ act as one vowel with one mora. Additionally, possessive pronouns, which serve as proclitics, do not affect the stress of a word (so that "nʉ + námi" 'my sister' retains its stress on the /a/ in "námi"). Secondary stress is placed on the second syllable of a two-syllable word, the third syllable of a word

neg: Eastern Pomo language (with primary stress on the V). The roots of polysyllabic words cannot always be isolated in this language, making it impossible to predict where the primary stress is going to fall solely on the type of morpheme. However, primary stress does occur on the second syllable of most words, including the words in which the roots cannot be isolated. The weakest degree of stress falls on a syllable following a primarily or secondarily stressed syllable, and alternates on the following syllables. The syllables following the primarily stressed syllable alternates with every second syllable being slightly louder than the preceding unstressed

neg: French phonology a given context such as to express a contrast or to reinforce the emotive content of a word. In French, this stress falls on the first consonant-initial syllable of the word in question. The characteristics associated with emphatic stress include increased amplitude and pitch of the vowel and gemination of the onset consonant, as mentioned above. Emphatic stress does not replace, but occurs in tandem with, grammatical stress. For words that begin with a vowel, emphatic stress falls on the first syllable that begins with a consonant or on the initial syllable with the insertion of a glottal stop or

neg: Kalaw Lagaw Ya surface "a" and "œ", underlying "*ò" typically gives surface and , and underlying "*u" typically gives surface and (there are other realisations as well, depending on rules of assimilation etc.): The language undergoes low-level vowel shifts, caused by stress domination within words and phrases. Long vowels are shortened, and short vowels raise when the word is preceded by morphemes such as adjectives, demonstrative articles, prefixes and the like; the changes also occur within words when these are suffixed: The processes are low-level in that they are not 'automatic' — the changes do not have to occur and can be consciously

neg: Pashto grammar /ná/ nearly always precedes the verb and is placed as close to the verb stem as possible. In aorist constructions, it therefore follows the aorist marker و /wə/ for simplex verbs, and either initial /a/, the prefix, or the light verb complement for complex verbs. Because it carries an inherent stress, it takes the main stress in an aorist verb phrase. Contemporary Pashto contains a lot of Persian and Persianised-Arabic words, although Pashto equivalents for these words often do exist. The sounds are non-native Pashto sounds borrowed from Arabic and Persian. The phonemes tend to be replaced by . So

neg: Halkomelem the stress is placed on the full vowel. Again, there are exceptions to this pattern, such as in words with a final glottal stop that cannot be preceded by schwa (e.g. as in "nə́cʼaʔ" "one"). Although minimal pairs contrasting stress are rare, they do exist in the language. The primary stress of a verb root consisting of a resonant, a schwa, and an obstruent followed by the suffix /-t/ "transitive" can fall on either the root or the suffix, allowing for minimal pairs such as "mə̀kʼʷət" "salvage it" and "məkʼʷə́t" "finish it all." The secondary stress appears most often in

neg: English phonology placed before the syllables to which they apply. The two words just given may therefore be represented (in RP) as and . Some analysts identify an additional level of stress ("tertiary" stress). This is generally ascribed to syllables that are pronounced with less force than those with secondary stress, but nonetheless contain a "full" or "unreduced" vowel (vowels that are considered to be reduced are listed under above). Hence the third syllable of "organization", if pronounced with as shown above (rather than being reduced to or ), might be said to have tertiary stress. (The precise identification of secondary and

neg: Abellen language placement of stress can be unpredictable. Poly-syllabic words have primary stress whereas words with more than three syllables contain a secondary stress. However, suffixation also causes a shift in stress placement. Ayta Abellen is written using Latin text. Ilocano is a second language to much of the Abellen and the lingua franca of where many of the Abellen people reside, while Tagalog is the national language of the Philippines, transcribers are trying to document the language in text that is similar to both Ilocano and Tagalog. Much of the hymnals used in that area are written in Botolan Sambal, and

neg: Lorum (piercing) Lorum (piercing) A lorum is a male genital piercing, placed horizontally on the underside of the penis at its base, where the penis meets the scrotum. The word "lorum" is a portmanteau of the words "low" and "frenum", so named because it is essentially a very low-placed frenum piercing. Much like the frenum piercing the lorum can have multiple rungs added and be a ladder as well. Jewelry typically used in this piercing includes the straight barbell and the captive bead ring. However, there have been cases where other jewelry such as studs and horseshoe barbells have been used. Noting:

neg: Babbling infants use adult-like stress and intonation". The general structure of the syllables that they are producing is very closely related to the sounds of their native language and this form of babbling significantly predicts the form of early words. Around 11 months, babies imitate inflections, rhythms, and expressions of speakers. By 12 months, babies typically can speak one or more words. These words now refer to the entity which they name; they are used to gain attention or for a specific purpose. Children continue to produce jargon babbles beyond their first words. Manual babbling is structurally identical to vocal babbling

neg: Meteg indication of length also indirectly indicates that a following shva is vocal, as in the previous case. Note that this may distinguish qamatz gadol and qatan, e.g. שמרה 'she guarded' vs. שמרה 'guard (volitive)'. In modern usage meteg is only used in liturgical contexts and dictionaries. Siddurim and dictionaries may use meteg to mark primary stress, often only for non-final stress, since the majority of Hebrew words have final stress. Its form is a vertical bar placed either to the left, the right, or in the middle of the niqqud (diacritics for vowels or cantillation) under a consonant. It is

neg: Bengali language diphthong. The total number of diphthongs is not established, with bounds at 17 and 31. An incomplete chart is given by Sarkar (1985) of the following: In standard Bengali, stress is predominantly initial. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as in shô-hô-jo-gi-ta "cooperation", where the boldface represents primary and secondary stress. Native Bengali words do not allow initial consonant clusters; the maximum syllabic structure is CVC (i.e. one vowel flanked by a consonant on each side).

neg: Notes on Prosody Russian and English verse is that English has many one syllable nouns, verbs, and adjectives, where Russian words typically have many syllables, and carry only a single invariable stress. The iambic rhythm of alternating accented and unaccented syllables is relatively natural in English, whereas in Russian speech many unaccented syllables may quite naturally occur in sequence. Notes on Prosody The book Notes on Prosody by polyglot author Vladimir Nabokov compares differences in iambic verse in the English and Russian languages, and highlights the effect of relative word length in the two languages on rhythm. Nabokov also proposes an approach for

neg: Kensiu language Kensiu vowels. There is a set of 13 nasal vowels. Typically, Mon–Khmer languages may have three types of syllables: Kensiu appears to have all three of the above types of syllables, but with the added features of tri- and tetra-syllabic words and with fixed stress in multisyllabic words. In Kensiu, two, three and even four syllable words occur. However, the three and four syllable words appear to be largely Malay borrowings. Reduplication in Kensiu is a relatively productive process, and it impacts the syllable structure. Reduplicated lexemes generally have the syllable structure CVC.CVC. In addition, occasional initial consonant clusters may

neg: Supyire language to the same root or have the same suffix. Supyire has a noticeable syllable structure that includes no closed syllables. In Supyire, syllables are most often either CV or CVV although the pronouns u and uru both begin with a vowel syllable. Supyire words also tend to have only one stressed syllable in every root. Stress is most often placed on the initial syllable of a root although many roots exist with no stress on the first syllable. Affixes and other grammatical sounds, such as those that indicate pronouns, do not have stress. Supyire is tonal (common in African languages).

neg: Tawbuid language and final /y/ voiced palatal approximant environment: syllable initial and final Stress patterns Primary stress in Tawbuid is either final or penultimate. Most words are stressed unpredictably, and in some speakers, all syllables seem to be equally stressed. Modification in stress occurs in affective speech (see below). Some syllable patterns have predictable stress. A word containing two adjacent syllables with CVC patterns are stressed on the second of those two syllables, whether final or not. Words with two identical CVC patterns interrupted by /-ar-/ or /-al-/ are also stressed on the second of those two CVC syllables. Where the final

neg: Japanese pitch accent dialects of northern Tohoku and eastern Tottori, typically have a more-or-less low tone in unaccented words; accented syllables have a high tone, with low tone on either side, rather like English stress accent. In any case, the downstep has phonological meaning and the syllable followed by downstep is said to be "accented". Keihan (Kyoto–Osaka)-type dialects of Kansai and Shikoku have nouns with both patterns: That is, they have tone differences in unaccented as well as accented words, and both downstep in some high-tone words and a high-tone accent in some low-tone words. In the neighboring areas of Tokyo-type and Keihan-type

neg: Postpositive adjective French (many legal terms come from Law French). Some examples appear below: Certain other adjectives, or words of adjectival type, are typically placed after the noun. Their use is not limited to particular noun(s). Those beginning "a" before an old substantive word can be equally seen as adverbial modifiers (or nouns/pronouns), intuitively expected to be later (see below). Examples include "buildings ablaze, "two abreast, "holidays abroad, "legs akimbo, "food aplenty, "men awake, "writer/artesan extraordinaire, "tulips galore, and most exotically/dated: "fun and games à gogo, "a hero manqué, "the Cold War redux. Some are today before or after: "boats adrift/afloat, "men

neg: Bending non-linear, and ductile materials will eventually enter a "plastic hinge" state where the magnitude of the stress is equal to the yield stress everywhere in the beam, with a discontinuity at the neutral axis where the stress changes from tensile to compressive. This plastic hinge state is typically used as a limit state in the design of steel structures. The equation above is only valid if the cross-section is symmetrical. For homogeneous beams with asymmetrical sections, the maximum bending stress in the beam is given by where formula_21 are the coordinates of a point on the cross section at which

neg: Fatigue (material) in terms of the cyclical component Δ"K" of the Stress Intensity Factor "K" where "a" is the crack length and "m" is typically in the range 3 to 5 (for metals), which states that the rate of crack growth with respect to the cycles of load applied is a function of the stress intensity factor; this is named Paris' law. This relationship was later modified by Forman in 1967 to make better allowance for the mean stress, by introducing a factor depending on (1 − "R") where "R" = min stress/max stress, in the denominator. Due to the proportionality between

neg: Stress testing typically run instructions that utilise the entire chip rather than only a few of its units. Stress testing a CPU over the course of 24 hours at 100% load is, in most cases, sufficient to determine that the CPU will function correctly in normal usage scenarios such as in a desktop computer, where CPU usage typically fluctuates at low levels (50% and under). Hardware stress testing and stability are subjective and may vary according to how the system will be used. A stress test for a system running 24/7 or that will perform error sensitive tasks such as distributed computing

neg: Insulated glazing resist thermal cracking. Thermal expansion creates internal pressure, or stress, where expanding warm material is retrained by cooler material. A crack may form if the stress exceeds the material strength and the crack will propagate until the stress at the tip of the crack is below the material's strength. Typically cracks initiate and propagate from the narrow shaded cut edge where the material is weak and the stress is spread over a small glass volume compared to the open area. Glass thickness has no direct effect on thermal cracking in windows because both thermal stress and material strength are proportional

neg: Rial (surname) first vowel of the diphthong "ia" (i.e., the letter "i"). The surname is correctly pronounced in modern Spanish like the Spanish words "dial" and "vial" where the accent-stress is placed on the final vowel of the diphthong (i.e., the letter "a") which proceeds the final consonant (i.e., the Spanish letter "ele"). Strong speculation indicates that the surname Rial as described here had its origin in the Celtic region of the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman occupation of Spain which occurred from about 140 BCE until about 400 CE. This Celtic region which is now called Galicia is located in the

neg: Critical resolved shear stress Critical resolved shear stress Critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is the component of shear stress, resolved in the direction of slip, necessary to initiate slip in a grain. Resolved shear stress (RSS) is the shear component of an applied tensile or compressive stress resolved along a slip plane that is other than perpendicular or parallel to the stress axis. The RSS is related to the applied stress by a geometrical factor, m, typically the Schmid factor: formula_1 where σ is the magnitude of the applied tensile stress, Φ is the angle between the normal of the slip plane and the

neg: Grave accent in compound words (in dictionaries and linguistic literature). In Serbo-Croatian and in Slovene, the stressed syllable can be short or long and have a rising or falling tone. They use (in dictionaries, orthography, and grammar books, for example) four different stress marks (grave, acute, double grave, and inverted breve). The system is identical both in Latin and Cyrillic scripts. In modern Church Slavonic, there are three stress marks (acute, grave, and circumflex), which formerly represented different types of pitch accent. There is no longer any phonetic distinction between them, only an orthographical one. The grave is typically used when the

neg: Munsee language syllable weight assignment play a key role in the assignment of word-level stress, and also determine the form of rules of vowel Syncope that produce complex but mostly regular alternations in the forms of words. Word-level stress is largely predictable, with exceptions occurring primarily in loan words, reduplicated forms, and in words where historical change has made historically transparent alternations more opaque. Munsee has the following inventory of consonants; International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) values are given in brackets. Some loan words from English contain /f/ and /r/: "fé·li·n" 'there is a fair going on'; "ntáyrəm" 'my tire.' Different analyses of

neg: Stress and vowel reduction in English the weak form is much more common (since it is relatively rare for function words to receive prosodic stress). This is particularly true of the English articles "the", "a", "an", whose strong forms are used within normal sentences only on the rare occasions when definiteness or indefiniteness is being emphasized: "Did you find the cat? I found a "" cat." (i.e. maybe not the one you were referring to). Notice that the weak form of "the" is typically before a vowel-initial word ("the apple") but before a consonant-initial word ("the pear"), although this distinction is being lost in the United

neg: American and British English pronunciation differences occurs in BrE. Among these cases are "celebratory" (BrE: ), "compensatory", "participatory", "regulatory". AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding "-ate" verb (except "compensatory", where AmE stresses the second syllable). A further "-atory" difference is "laboratory": AmE and BrE . There are a number of cases where same-spelled noun, verb and/or adjective have uniform stress in one dialect but distinct stress in the other (e.g. "alternate", "prospect"): see initial-stress-derived noun. The following table lists words not brought up in the discussion so far where the main difference between AmE and BrE is in stress. Usually, it also follows a

neg: Menominee language stops and voicing from a following vowel may set in before the opening is complete. Syllable structure in Menominee is typically VC(C) or C(C)VC(C); syllables do not end in vowels. Any consonant can begin or end a syllable except "h" and "q". The only clusters which can occur at the end of a syllable are "qc" and "qs". The only cluster which can begin a syllable is "kw". Primary stress occurs on every long vowel or diphthong that is in the next-to-last syllable of a word. Most compounds and inflected forms are treated as single words in assigning stress. Rhetorical

neg: Lorum (piercing) that the studs usually imply a rather shallow placement or stretching of the area has made it become shallow. Lorum (piercing) A lorum is a male genital piercing, placed horizontally on the underside of the penis at its base, where the penis meets the scrotum. The word "lorum" is a portmanteau of the words "low" and "frenum", so named because it is essentially a very low-placed frenum piercing. Much like the frenum piercing the lorum can have multiple rungs added and be a ladder as well. Jewelry typically used in this piercing includes the straight barbell and the captive bead

neg: Comanche language with three, four, or five syllables, and the fourth syllable of a word with six syllables. Primary stress is "marked when it is non-initial stress". In addition, "when a pronoun is suffixed by, for instance a postposition, the pronoun does take primary - and initial - stress." An example is [nɨvía] nɨ-pia, which means my mother (my-mother). In the following data where primary stress appears it will be shown as an "acute accent." Primary stress is found in words or compounds of three, six and five syllables. However, when primary stress is marked in a third syllable it can also

neg: Czech word order usually postpositional. Such attributes keep their grammatical form regardless of noun declension: Unstressed words, clitics, form stress units with preceding stressed words. For rhythm, they are not the first words in sentences. They usually have the second position after the first part of a sentence. If more than one clitic occurs in a sentence, the order is the following: Czech word order Czech word order is relatively free. However, the Czech language belongs to the SVO type. Czech word order is said to be free. The individual parts of a sentence need not necessarily be placed in a firmly given

neg: Hardware stress test suitable for heavy CPU loads. This is done by running a CPU-intensive program for extended periods of time, to test whether the computer hangs or crashes. CPU stress testing is also referred to as torture testing. Software that is suitable for torture testing should typically run instructions that utilise the entire chip rather than only a few of its units. Stress testing a CPU over the course of 24 hours at 100% load is, in most cases, sufficient to determine that the CPU will function correctly in normal usage scenarios such as in a desktop computer, where CPU usage typically

neg: Bro Gwened Gwened (e.g. the city Baud) where it is still used as an initial mutation of "d" and "t" and sometimes in the middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton or θ where the other dialects substituted "d" or "z" (e.g. in "hiddiù" [hiːðiw] ("today") which would be "hiziv" [hiːziw] or "hidiv" [hiːdiv] in the other dialects (cf. Welsh "heddiw" [hɛðɪu̯])). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels, places stress on the final syllables of words (as in French and Middle Breton), rather than on the penultimate syllable (as in other Breton dialects and

neg: Geotechnical centrifuge modeling (Garnier et al. 2007). The reason for spinning a model on a centrifuge is to enable small scale models to feel the same effective stresses as a full-scale prototype. This goal can be stated mathematically as where the asterisk represents the scaling factor for the quantity, formula_5 is the effective stress in the model and formula_6 is the effective stress in the prototype. In soil mechanics the vertical effective stress, formula_7 for example, is typically calculated by where formula_9 is the total stress and formula_10 is the pore pressure. For a uniform layer with no pore pressure, the total vertical

neg: Stress–strain curve (such as elastic deformation), the differences between the two is negligible. Two important effects necessary to understand the true stress are the effects of strain rate susceptibility and strain rate hardening upon the true stress. Time is often neglected in the initial stress-strain curve relations, but at higher strain rates, higher stresses will occur according to the relationship σ=kἕ where m is the strain rate susceptibility. To account for the resistance to necking, the relationship σ=kε must also be considered, where n is the strain hardening coefficient and is typically between 0.02 and 0.50, depending upon the material. By combining

neg: Bengali phonology syllables and a diphthongal monosyllable. In standard Bengali, stress is predominantly initial. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as "shôhojogita" ('cooperation'). The first syllable carries the greatest stress, with the third carrying a somewhat weaker stress, and all following odd-numbered syllables carrying very weak stress. However, in words borrowed from Sanskrit, the root syllable has stress, out of harmony with the situation with native Bengali words. Also, in a declarative sentence, the stress is generally lowest

neg: Meteg Meteg Meteg (or metheg, Hebrew מֶתֶג, lit. 'bridle', also "ga'ya" געיה, lit. 'bellowing', מאריך "ma'arikh", or מעמיד "ma'amid") is a punctuation mark used in Biblical Hebrew for stress marking. It is a vertical bar placed under the affected syllable. Meteg is primarily used in Biblical Hebrew to mark secondary stress and vowel length. Words may contain multiple metegs, e.g. מֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם, וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ. Meteg is also sometimes used in Biblical Hebrew to mark a long vowel. While short and long vowels are largely allophonic, they are not always predictable from spelling, e.g. ויראו 'and they saw' vs. ויראו 'and they feared'. Meteg's

neg: Sonnet 68 scansion of the eighth line is ambivalent. Normally the words "dead fleece" would have the stress of "dead" subordinated to that of "fleece", allowing them comfortably to fill codice_1 positions, not codice_2. However, if accent is placed on "dead", a regular scansion emerges: Alternatively, "fleece" can maintain the greater stress, suggesting this scansion: A reversal of the third ictus (as shown above) is normally preceded by at least a slight intonational break, which "dead fleece" does not allow. Peter Groves calls this a "harsh mapping", and recommends that in performance "the best thing to do is to prolong the subordinated

neg: Kajkavian Kajkavian words are given in their most common orthographic form. Shtokavian words are given in their standard Croatian form. In cases where the place of accent or stress differs, the syllable with the stress or accent is indicated in bold. Words that are the same in all three are not listed. Loanwords are also not listed. During Yugoslavia in the 20th century, Kajkavian was mostly restricted to private communication, poetry and folklore. With the recent regional democratizing and cultural revival beginning in the 1990s, Kajkavian partly regained its former half-public position chiefly in Zagorje and Varaždin Counties and local towns,

neg: Circumflex in French ("là ~ la, où ~ ou, çà ~ ça, à ~ a, etc."), the circumflex, for historical reasons, has come to serve a similar role. In fact, almost all the cases where the circumflex is used to distinguish homographs can be explained by the reasons above: it would therefore be false to declare that it is in certain words a sign placed solely to distinguish homographs, as with the grave accent. However, it does allow one to remove certain ambiguities. For example, in words that underwent the change of "eu" to "û", the circumflex avoids possible homography with other words

neg: Esperanto phonology words are stressed in a clause. Morphology, semantic load, and rhythm all play a role. By default, Esperanto is trochaic; stress tends to hit alternate syllables: "Ésperánto". However, derivation tends to leave such "secondary" stress unchanged, at least for many speakers: "Ésperantísto" or "Espérantísto" (or for some just "Esperantísto") Similarly, compound words generally retain their original stress. They never stress an epenthetic vowel: thus "vórto-provízo", not "*vortó-provízo". Within a clause, rhythm also plays a role. However, referential words (lexical words and pronouns) attract stress, whereas "connecting" words such as prepositions tend not to: "dónu al mí" or "dónu al mi"

neg: Office toy also help inspire creativity. A fidget spinner is an office toy that is used to reduce stress or boredom. Design curator Donald Albrecht described executive toys as "aspirational" objects, "less tools for provoking creativity than foghorns of identity and status in a sea of corporate homogeneity." Office toy An office toy (also executive toy or desk toy) is a novelty item typically placed on the desk of a corporate executive or other office worker. They have no work-related function, but are often intended to provide decoration or pleasure, relieve stress or inspire creativity. The Newton's cradle is a classic example

neg: Syllable Syllable A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. It is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic metre and its stress patterns. Speech can usually be divided up into a whole number of syllables: for example, the word "ignite" is composed of two syllables: "ig" and "nite". Syllabic writing began several hundred years before the first letters. The earliest recorded