query: what is the average income in the uk

pos: Income in the United Kingdom and Living Conditions, Pensioners Income Series, Wealth and Assets Survey, National Accounts Estimates of Gross Disposable Household Income, and Small Area Income Estimates. The most recent SPI report (2012/13) gave annual median income as £21,000 before tax and £18,700 after tax. The 2013/14 HBAI report gave median household income (2 adults) as £23,556. The provisional results from the April 2014 ASHE report gives median gross annual earnings of £22,044 for all employees and £27,195 for full-time employees. According to the OECD the average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita is $27,029 a year (in USD, ranked 14/36 OECD countries), the

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Jamaica Whenever tariffs are adjusted, the NWC and the OUR shall implement a public awareness campaign on how to reduce bills through water conservation. Affordability The average Jamaican household spends 2.1% of its income on water services. This is approximately half of what the average household spend on electricity, and a bit less than half of what the average household spends on telephone services. The poorest 20% of household in Jamaica spend 3.2% of their income on water, while the richest 20% send 1.8% of their income on water. Most financing is provided through government grants to NWC, which are in

neg: Income protection insurance originally applied (indemnity). Income protection is generally tax deductible to individuals, however claim payments are considered assessable income for taxation purposes . Insurers rarely withhold taxation amounts and as such, individuals on claim need to keep funds aside in order to meet future taxation obligations. A study by British insurer Legal & General, entitled Deadline to the Breadline Report 2014, found that only 8% of UK households have income protection insurance. This is despite the 29 days the study reports that it would take before the average UK household, if solely relying on savings and state benefits, would be unable

neg: Trafford September 1998, is North West England's largest indoor shopping complex. The centre has over 30 million visitors annually, and contains 235 stores, 55 restaurants, and the largest Odeon cinema in the UK. Trafford is a prosperous area, with an average weekly income of £394, and apart from Manchester it is the only borough in Greater Manchester to be above the national average for weekly income and is on average the highest in the county. Media, advertising and public relations have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Manchester and Trafford. Average house prices in Trafford

neg: Coventry North East (UK Parliament constituency) vote. In 2010 between 2% and 5% of the vote were a British National Party, Socialist and UKIP candidates completing the choice of seven was a Christian party's candidate who attracted the fewest votes. Coventry North East (UK Parliament constituency) Coventry North East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from the 2015 General Election by Colleen Fletcher of the Labour Party. In the seat is a wide demographic mix, across it is scattered an above UK average level of social housing and unemployment claimants however income is close to the UK average. The

neg: Coventry North East (UK Parliament constituency) Coventry North East (UK Parliament constituency) Coventry North East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from the 2015 General Election by Colleen Fletcher of the Labour Party. In the seat is a wide demographic mix, across it is scattered an above UK average level of social housing and unemployment claimants however income is close to the UK average. The constituency has a large ethnic minority population, mainly Sikhs and Muslims and one ward, Foleshill, has a majority ethnic minority population. Based entirely within the borough of Coventry, the seat of Coventry North East

neg: Minimum Income Standard Minimum Income Standard The Minimum Income Standard (MIS) is a research method developed in the UK, and now applied in other countries, to identify what incomes different types of households require to reach a socially acceptable living standard. The term has also been used to describe political criteria used openly or implicitly by some governments to assess the adequacy of income levels. MIS is the basis for the calculation of the UK living wage. MIS was originally funded, in 2006, under the title of a Minimum Income Standard for Britain, by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, and carried out in partnership

neg: Mid Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency) (Eric Forth was at the same election instead elected for Bromley and Chislehurst, which seat he held until his death in 2006.). Following the 2015 General Election, Nigel Huddleston was elected as the new Conservative MP for the constituency. Mid Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency) Mid Worcestershire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Nigel Huddleston, a Conservative. Income levels are on average considerably higher than the national average and levels of rented and social housing are below the national average, particularly levels seen in cities. The constituency, which has 72,317 people

neg: Mid Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency) Mid Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency) Mid Worcestershire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Nigel Huddleston, a Conservative. Income levels are on average considerably higher than the national average and levels of rented and social housing are below the national average, particularly levels seen in cities. The constituency, which has 72,317 people aged 18 and over according to the 2001 census, plus 39,645 households includes the towns of Droitwich Spa and Evesham and the many semi-rural villages around the cathedral city of Worcester, sits across an undulating part of the West

neg: Poverty in the United Kingdom 60% of this figure (£284 a week / £14,758 a year) were considered to be in the low income bracket. This is the definition that is used by the UK government's Department of Work and Pensions in its yearly survey "Households below average income". However, their reports expressly avoid using the word poverty, using low income instead. Reports from others agencies, such as the Institute of Fiscal Studies "Living Standards, Poverty and Inequality in the UK", use the same methodology, but specifically use the word poverty. This measure can be further divided. Those who live in absolute poverty have a

neg: Pen's parade Pen's parade Pen's Parade or The Income Parade is a concept described in a 1971 book published by Dutch economist Jan Pen describing income distribution. The parade is defined as a succession of every person in the economy, with their height proportional to their income, and ordered from lowest to greatest. People with average income would be of average height, and so the spectator. The Pen's description of what the spectator would see is a parade of dwarves, and then some unbelievable giants at the very end. The original context of the parade is the United Kingdom, and the duration

neg: Student loans in the United Kingdom the UK. For example, in Poland the threshold is currently £7,005 for Plan 1 loans (cf. £17,495 in the UK), and between £8,400 and £16,400 for Plan 2 loans (cf. the lower and upper bounds of £21,000 and £41,000 for UK earners). The thresholds are reviewed at an unspecified time each year. If a recipient of a loan does not return an Overseas Income Assessment Form, a default monthly repayment amount, which also varies by country, will be applied. This figure is based on twice the country's national average income and so is potentially quite large. However, the SLC's actual

neg: Minimum Income Standard generally unable to reach an acceptable standard of living as defined by members of the public. Minimum Income Standard The Minimum Income Standard (MIS) is a research method developed in the UK, and now applied in other countries, to identify what incomes different types of households require to reach a socially acceptable living standard. The term has also been used to describe political criteria used openly or implicitly by some governments to assess the adequacy of income levels. MIS is the basis for the calculation of the UK living wage. MIS was originally funded, in 2006, under the title of

neg: South Thailand insurgency Also, the national average is well below the estimated average needed to be considered an acceptable minimum wage by international organisations for Southeast Asia. One could thus argue that the average per capita income in the southernmost provinces is only about 20-25% of what the Thai minimum wage would be. Household income improved from 2002 to 2004 by 21.99%, 19.27%, and 21.28% for Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, respectively. For comparison, income growth for all of Thailand in the same period was just 9.4%. The percentage of people living below the poverty line also fell, from 40%, 36%, and 33% in

neg: Bromley and Chislehurst (UK Parliament constituency) Bromley and Chislehurst (UK Parliament constituency) Bromley and Chislehurst is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2006 by Bob Neill of the Conservative Party. Aside from a few ex-council estates which retain significant proportions of social housing in parts of Mottingham and Bromley Common, this constituency is relatively prosperous in terms of income, has low unemployment and is largely suburban with significant parkland and sports areas. The 2011 census shows that the borough is 84.3% White European/British, lower than the national average (86%) and higher than then London average (59%). Until 2006 it

neg: Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency) side of the road is Brighton Kemptown. It encompasses the heart of the city, including the Georgian and Regency alleyway properties of The Lanes and the Bohemian North Laine shopping area. The developed centre of the promenade above the pebbled beach has Brighton Pier, major entertainment venues and the city's largest hotels including the Grand Hotel and Hilton Brighton Metropole. It is a relatively affluent constituency, since average income is higher than the UK average (based upon 2001 statistics) and the unemployment rate is lower than average. From 1950–1997 the seat elected Conservative MPs. In 1997, David Lepper of the

neg: Average Joe the unemployed. Depending on whether or not those working part-time are included, the average American makes between $32,000 and $39,000. In 2005, 42% of all households and 76% of households in the top quintile had two or more income earners. As a result, there was a considerable discrepancy between household and personal income. Recent studies, such as the one conducted by Harvard professor Elizabeth Warren, have shown that the average American household needs two incomes in order to live what is commonly perceived as a middle-class lifestyle. The median income per household member was clocked at $24,672 in 2005. This

neg: North East Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency) West Main Line; the average income level is higher than the national average. This area also has low unemployment and a high proportion of semi-detached and detached properties. North East Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency) North East Hampshire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Ranil Jayawardena, a Conservative. The constituency was created in 1997 from parts of the seats of Aldershot and East Hampshire. It was represented at Westminster by James Arbuthnot until 2015 when he was succeeded by Ranil Jayawardena. The constituency has, since its creation, given large majorities to

neg: Fuel poverty lower income in a home which cannot be kept warm at reasonable cost”. Statistically, this used to be defined as a household needing to spend more than 10% of its income to maintain an adequate heating regime. However, definitions of "income" and "adequate heating regime" vary between UK Government and Devolved Administrations. A new, more complex definition of fuel poverty is now used in the UK, based on the Hills review. This gave the following definition: fuel poverty is now defined as when a household’s required fuel costs are above the median level, and if they were to spend what

neg: Bolton North East (UK Parliament constituency) Bolton North East (UK Parliament constituency) Bolton North East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Sir David Crausby of the Labour Party. Bolton North East has more often than not to date been a marginal seat between Labour and Conservative candidates. Altogether the national statistics collected reflect a socially diverse seat in terms of income and this has been a highly marginal seat when national polls are close, with lower than average social housing and a lower ranking in the Index of Multiple Deprivation than the average for the metropolitan

neg: Ribble Valley (UK Parliament constituency) Ribble Valley (UK Parliament constituency) Ribble Valley is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1992 by Nigel Evans, a Conservative. The Ribble Valley constituency was created in 1983 almost wholly from the former seat of Clitheroe. Much of the eastern part of the constituency lies within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The constituency enjoys scenic villages for both commuters and the retired, and has slightly higher than national average income and much lower than average reliance upon social housing. By December 2012, unemployment was significantly lower than the

neg: Redcar (UK Parliament constituency) had a significantly lower claimant count, owing to its exports and manufacturing industry, than nearby Middlesbrough. Average incomes based on the latest income (2001 census figures) available, not markedly lower than the national average. Redcar (UK Parliament constituency) Redcar is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Anna Turley, a Labour Co-operative candidate. The constituency was created in 1974 and held by the Labour Party, other than a period between 2010 and May 2015 when it was held by the Liberal Democrats. 1974-1983: The County Borough of Teesside wards of Coatham, Eston

neg: Mid Dorset and North Poole (UK Parliament constituency) tearooms, towering inland Minster Church and Wareham at one end of Poole Harbour. Income levels are close to the national average, taking into account the high proportion of pensioners living across the area. and levels of rented and social housing are below the national average, particularly levels seen in cities. Mid Dorset and North Poole (UK Parliament constituency) Mid Dorset and North Poole is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Michael Tomlinson, a Conservative. 1997–2010: The District of Purbeck wards of Bere Regis, Lytchett Matravers, Lytchett Minster, St Martin, and Wareham,

neg: Milton Keynes North (UK Parliament constituency) do not necessarily coincide with the town and parish council areas. Of these wards, Newport Pagnell North & Hanslope and Olney are more rural. The remainder are more urban. Each ward returns three Councillors so their electorates are broadly equal. Milton Keynes North has a higher average income, less social housing and less rented housing than the national average. Milton Keynes North (UK Parliament constituency) Milton Keynes North is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation by Mark Lancaster, a Conservative. This constituency (and its counterpart, Milton Keynes South), came into

neg: Housing in the United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom ranks in the top half of EU countries with regard to rooms per person, amenities, and quality of housing. However, the cost of housing as a proportion of income is higher than average among EU countries, and the increasing cost of housing in the UK may constitute a housing crisis for some, especially for those in low income brackets or in high-cost areas such as London. Most though still find the UK a desirable place to live. London is resident to the highest number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals in the world.

neg: Working Tax Credit significant levels of overpayments. In order to reduce the overpayment problem, the income disregard was raised tenfold from £2,500 to £25,000 with effect from 2006/07. Income for tax credit purposes is "in principle" assessed similarly to UK income tax. Thus 'income' (c/f 'taxable income') consists of what the individual receives from gross earned and unearned sources—less allowances for 'expenditures' that would reduce that income. But, unlike income tax, tax credits measure income based on family 'household', rather than the individuals within. Also the effect of "income disregard" —to mask large annual increases in resources from reassessment— weakens comparisons with a

neg: British Chinese United Kingdom despite possessing higher qualifications. Women of all ethnic groups have lower mean individual incomes than men in the same ethnic group in the UK. Pakistani and Bangladeshi women have the highest gender income gap while British Chinese have one of the lowest income gender gaps. British Chinese women also have the individual incomes among all ethnic groups in the UK followed by White British and Indian women. Difference in men's incomes and number of children across ethnic groups. British Chinese women have the highest average equivalent incomes among various ethnic groups in the UK. Though British Chinese women

neg: Brexit Withdrawal Agreement and Outline Political Declaration, agreed between the UK Government and the EU, was published. The broad consensus among economists is that Brexit will likely reduce the UK's real per capita income in the medium term and long term, and that the Brexit referendum itself damaged the economy. Studies on effects since the referendum show annual losses of £404 for the average UK household from increased inflation, and losses between 2 and 2.5 per cent of UK GDP. Brexit is likely to reduce immigration from European Economic Area (EEA) countries to the UK, and poses challenges for UK higher

neg: Housing in the United Kingdom and that the "vast majority" of overseas buyers intended to live in the property or rent it out. Housing in the United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom ranks in the top half of EU countries with regard to rooms per person, amenities, and quality of housing. However, the cost of housing as a proportion of income is higher than average among EU countries, and the increasing cost of housing in the UK may constitute a housing crisis for some, especially for those in low income brackets or in high-cost areas such as London. Most though still find the UK

neg: Intertemporal consumption & Brumberg (1954), Albert Ando, and Milton Friedman (1957) developed what became known as the life-cycle model. See Intertemporal choice:Modigliani's Life Cycle Income Hypothesis for details. The life-cycle model of consumption suggests that consumption is based on average lifetime income instead of income at any given age. First, young people borrow to consume more than their income, next, as their income rises through the years, their consumption rises slowly and they begin to save more. Lastly, during their retirement these individuals live off of their savings. Furthermore this theory implies that consumption is smoothed out relative to a person's income

neg: Income in the United Kingdom the ten highest and ten lowest paid occupations in the UK respectively, as at April 2014. Data from the "Households Below Average Income" (HBAI) report from the Department of Work and Pensions 2013/14: Data from HMRC – Percentile points of the income distribution as estimated from the "Survey of Personal Incomes", note this only includes individuals who pay some income tax: The net worth information is based on data from HMRC for 2004–2005 and includes marketable assets including house equity, cash, shares, bonds and investment trusts. These values do not include personal possessions. The Institute for Fiscal Studies issued a

neg: Geography of Aberdeen below 22%. Income The average income of a household in the city is £16,813 (2005) which places about 18% households in the city below the poverty line (defined as 60% of the mean income). Population: In 1396 the population was about 3,000. By 1801 it had become 26,992; in 1841 it was 63,262; (1891) 121,623; (1901) 153,503; (1941) 182,467. In 2001 it UK census records the Aberdeen City Council areas population at 212,125, but the Aberdeen locality's population at 184,788. The latest official population estimate, published by the General Register for Scotland for 2005, is 202,370. The population density of

neg: Racial wage gap in the United States 1990s, Hispanic women's full-time earnings fell in real terms. This difference is attributed mainly to differences in educational attainment. As of 2017, the average Hispanic woman in the United States made 87.4% of what their male counterparts earned, 75.8% of what white women white made, and only 62.1% of what white, American males earned annually. As of 2010, 14,011,000 Asians of all ethnicities were living in America. Asian Americans are the only minority in the United States whose median income is higher than whites, assuming Pacific Islanders are not counted as a separate race. In 2009, the median income for

neg: Poverty in Africa is less than US$5200 per year, with the vast majority of the population living on much less (according to World Bank data, by 2016 the island nation of Seychelles was the only African country with a GDP per capita above US$10,000 per year). In addition, Africa's share of income has been consistently dropping over the past century by any measure. In 1820, the average European worker earned about three times what the average African did. Now, the average European earns twenty times what the average African does. Although GDP per capita incomes in Africa have also been steadily growing, measures

neg: Erin Mills Canada 2016 Census, the population is 122,560. The average household income is $115,600, far above the Canadian average household income of $78,700. Erin Mills has the largest area in Mississauga, occupying much of the western section of the city. A number of managed creek courses traverse the area and eventually drain to the Credit River, and then Lake Ontario. Aboriginal peoples were the first inhabitants of this area. Tribes included the Woodland, Iroquois and Mississauga. Along what was called the "Indian Trail" they hunted deer, bears and fox amongst tall stands of pine, oak and maple trees. They also fished

neg: Centre for Research in Social Policy Minimum Income Standard for the United Kingdom (MIS). Minimum Income Standard. Minimum Income Standard (MIS) refers to how much disposable income households need in order to achieve an adequate standard of living. CRSP regularly conducts a calculation of this standard for UK households. The MIS research and its analysis and dissemination is funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. MIS takes into account differences in household needs and in social opinion of what a decent standard of living is. The calculation of the MIS is based on detailed research with groups of members of the public. Experts on nutrition and heating

neg: Biotechnology in the United Kingdom turnover. The UK has an estimated 5% share of the global market. In Europe, by patent applications submitted under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the UK is third, second to Germany and France, but seventh in the world. Around 8,800 people in the UK are directly employed in biotechnology, so it is not a labour-intensive industry. Other spending by British biotechnology companies supports around 11,000 other workers indirectly. The average income for a worker in the British industry is around £48,000; in London this is £70,000. Employment is most found in London, South East England, North West England and Scotland. Around

neg: Poverty in the United Kingdom for the future." As of 2015 there is actual hunger in the United Kingdom and significant numbers of UK citizens are driven to use food banks. There is also significant malnutrition. Poorer people are frequently forced to buy and eat cheaper, less healthy food. The BMJ, a UK peer-reviewed medical journal published: In 2016, 10% of UK households lived in fuel poverty. Fuel poverty is calculated by gauging if a household's income would fall below the official poverty line after spending the actual amount needed to heat the home. The average fuel poverty gap of these households – that is,

neg: University of Edinburgh Medical School The College has average research income in excess of £45 million/annum, and the figure has been steadily increasing each year. Main sources of research funding include UK research councils, UK medical and veterinary medical charities, industry and commerce and European Union bodies. The University is home to 7 MRC Centres, tied for 2nd in the UK with the University of Oxford and behind the University of Cambridge, a BHF Centre, a Wellcome Trust Centre, a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, a Cancer Research UK Centre, the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the Usher Institute and the Euan MacDonald Centre :

neg: Tremorfa in work benefits) is more than 10% lower in Tremorfa than the national average, suggesting higher salaries than the average in the area. Social grade is a classification based on occupation and it enables a household and all its members to be classified according to the job of the main income earner. Tremorfa has 20% more higher and intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average. Education statistics are for the highest level education obtained by the residents of Tremorfa and are from the UK Census of 2011. Tremorfa has a lower level of residents with either no

neg: Cross-sectional study averaging census tracts to calculate a county average). For example, it might be true that there is no correlation between infant mortality and family income at the city level, while still being true that there is a strong relationship between infant mortality and family income at the individual level. All aggregate statistics are subject to compositional effects, so that what matters is not only the individual-level relationship between income and infant mortality, but also the proportions of low, middle, and high income individuals in each city. Because case-control studies are usually based on individual-level data, they do not have this

neg: Cigarette taxes in the United States According to ABC News, the study found that "higher cigarette taxes may be financially hurting low-income smokers rather than making them more likely to quit." Among the 13,000 surveyed in New York State, lower income smokers spent 23.6 percent of their income on cigarettes, compared to two percent by higher income New York residents and an average of 14 percent among lower-income smokers nationally. While the price of cigarettes has continuously increased since 1965, the percentage of that price going towards taxes is now half of what it was then. As of 2011, Phillip Morris lists total government revenue, including

neg: Health care in the United States of the federal poverty level. Lack of insurance or higher cost sharing (user fees for the patient with insurance) create barriers to accessing health care: use of care declines with increasing patient cost-sharing obligation. Before the ACA passed in 2014, 39% of below-average income Americans reported forgoing seeing a doctor for a medical issue (whereas 7% of low-income Canadians and 1% of low-income UK citizens reported the same). The United States is within the Region of the Americas or AMRO (a World Health Organization classification). Within AMRO, the U.S. had the third lowest under-five child mortality rate (U5MR) in 2015.

neg: Rother Valley (UK Parliament constituency) this constituency for the 2010 general election since which it has electoral wards: The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of one local government district: a working population whose income is on average slightly below the national average and close to average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 4.0% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. This was considerably lower than the rate in the Rotherham constituency of 7% and 9.6% male unemployment. The borough contributing to the seat has a relatively 26.6%

neg: Sedgefield (UK Parliament constituency) average income is lower than the national average and close to average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 5.0% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 5.5%. The local authority contributing to the bulk of the seat has a middling 27.2% of its population without a car, a high 27.5% of the population without qualifications and a medium 21.5% with level 4 qualifications or above. Darlington has 28% of its population without a car, 24.8% of the population without qualifications and a medium 23.7%

neg: Rotherham (UK Parliament constituency) County Borough of Rotherham. Rotherham constituency is one of three borough constituencies in the borough. The current boundary configuration was confirmed in 2005. It is formed with the Rotherham borough electoral wards: It borders Rother Valley, Sheffield South East, Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough, Penistone and Stocksbridge, and Wentworth and Dearne. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of one local government district: a working population whose income is on average slightly below the national average and close to average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood at 7% and 9.6% male

neg: Rossendale and Darwen (UK Parliament constituency) Darwen South and West Pennine. Fernhurst ward is now part of Blackburn South and Lower Darwen which is part of the Blackburn constituency. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of two local government districts with similar characteristics: a working population whose income is close to the national average but varying reliance upon social housing in relative terms to the national average. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 3.5% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.2%. The borough of Rossendale that contributes to the bulk of the

neg: Ubuntu Cola there is no connection between the two. Moreover, although the Ubuntu OS is partly free and open source software, Ubuntu Cola should not be confused with open-source cola such as OpenCola. Ubuntu Cola's sugar is sourced from Fairtrade worker cooperatives in Kasinthula, Malawi and Kaleya, Zambia. Farmers who are members of the Fairtrade cooperative at Kasinthula receive an income of $4 a day, which is six times the national average income. Ubuntu Cola Ubuntu Cola is a soft drink certified by The Fairtrade Foundation. Made with Fairtrade sugar from Malawi and Zambia, Ubuntu Cola is the first UK cola to

neg: Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom average £176 per week in rent. Mortgagors paid an average of £153 per week in mortgage payments while mean weekly rents in the social housing sector were £98 for housing association tenants and £89 for local authority tenants. When considering the gross weekly income, including benefits, of all household members, the proportion of income spent on housing costs was 18% for mortgagors, 29% for social renters, and 34% for private renters. The demand for more affordable housing has often been even higher in London than in the rest of the UK. Research from Trust for London found that 24% of

neg: Leonid Brezhnev Brezhnev's rule was that certain Eastern Bloc countries became more economically advanced than the Soviet Union. Over the eighteen years that Brezhnev ruled the Soviet Union, average income per head increased by half; three-quarters of this growth came in the 1960s and early 1970s. During the second half of Brezhnev's reign, average income per head grew by one-quarter. In the first half of the Brezhnev period, income per head increased by 3.5% per annum; slightly less growth than what it had been the previous years. This can be explained by Brezhnev's reversal of most of Khrushchev's policies. Consumption per head

neg: Demography of Cardiff an early-20th century Greek Orthodox church and 11 mosques. In the 2001 census 66.9% of Cardiff's population described itself as Christian, a percentage point below the Welsh and UK averages. In the 2001 census Cardiff's Muslim population stood at 3.7%, above the UK average (2.7%) and significantly above the Welsh average. Cardiff has one of the longest-established Muslim populations in the UK, started by Yemeni sailors who settled in the city during the 19th century. The first mosque in the UK (on the site of what is now known as the Al-Manar Islamic Centre) opened in 1860 in the Cathays

neg: Romsey and Southampton North (UK Parliament constituency) under the Great Reform Act of 1832. The constituency takes in the bulk of a more affluent and older-population local government district with a fraction of a contrasting district: the net result is a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012, the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.5% of the population claiming Jobseeker's Allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.4%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a low 13.5% of its population without a car, 18.4% of

neg: Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency) the north-east coast of England. However, the constituency is largely rural and semi-rural, such issues tend to influence voting preferences, with Scarborough itself mostly Labour and the rural areas Conservative. At the last two general elections, it was the most marginal seat in North Yorkshire. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of a Borough with a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 4.8% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average

neg: Leeds Leeds earns £471 per week, seventeenth nationally and 30.9% of Leeds residents had NVQ4+ high-level qualifications, fifteenth nationally. Employment in Leeds was 68.8% in the period June 2012 to June 2013, which was lower than the national average, whilst unemployment was higher than the national average at 9.6% over the same time period. It also shows that Leeds will be the least affected major city by welfare cuts in 2014/2015, with welfare cuts of £125 per capita predicted, compared to £192 in Liverpool and £175 in Glasgow. Leeds is overall less deprived than other large UK cities and average income

neg: Retiready Retiready Retiready is a free digital retirement, saving and planning service provided by pension, insurance and investment company Aegon UK. It is designed to help people assess what their income needs will be in retirement and choose suitable products to achieve them. Aegon UK launched Retiready in April 2014. At the same time it published ‘The Aegon UK Readiness Report’ detailing how effectively people were saving for retirement. The report found that only 7 percent of UK pension savers were close to saving enough to pay for the lifestyle they wanted in retirement. The research was conducted by speaking to

neg: Median a data set in statistics and probability theory. The basic advantage of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed so much by extremely large or small values, and so it may give a better idea of a "typical" value. For example, in understanding statistics like household income or assets which vary greatly, a mean may be skewed by a small number of extremely high or low values. Median income, for example, may be a better way to suggest what a "typical" income is. Because of this,

neg: Living wage £1 million for campaigning, research and an employer accreditation scheme. The Living Wage campaign subsequently grew into a national movement with local campaigns across the UK. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation funded the Centre for Research in Social Policy (CRSP) at Loughborough University to calculate a UK-wide Minimum Income Standard (MIS) figure, an average across the whole of the UK independent of the higher living costs in London. In 2011 the CRSP used the MIS as the basis for developing a standard model for setting the UK Living Wage outside of London. Citizens UK, a nationwide community organising institution developed out

neg: Winkler, Manitoba 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34.3 years. For every 100 females there are 94.8 males. The average income for a family in the city is $44,227. The average income for all workers is $22,423, with males earning an average income of $27,787 and females earning an average income of $16,061. The average income for full-time, full-year workers is $30,779. Males who work full-time for a full year earn an average of $34,326 while females who work full-time for a full year earn an average of $23,546. 15.9% of Winkler's population is foreign-born. 1,832 immigrants settled

neg: Laurens County, South Carolina and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 39.9 years. The median income for a household in the county was $37,529 and the median income for a family was $45,769. Males had a median income of $36,807 versus $26,799 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,757. About 14.1% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over. There are three public school districts in the county. Laurens County District 55 covers what is generally the

neg: Average propensity to consume Average propensity to consume In economics, the average propensity to consume (APC) is the fraction of income spent. It is computed by dividing consumption by income, or formula_1. Sometimes, disposable income is used as the denominator instead, so formula_2, where C is the amount spent, Y is pre-tax income, and T is taxes. One minus the APC is the average propensity to save (APS). The average propensity to consume differs from the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), which is the fraction of incremental (marginal) income that is spent. Average propensity can be more or less than MPC depending upon the

neg: Average propensity to consume latter's Intercept (If MPC curve rises through origin then MPC=APC). Average propensity to consume In economics, the average propensity to consume (APC) is the fraction of income spent. It is computed by dividing consumption by income, or formula_1. Sometimes, disposable income is used as the denominator instead, so formula_2, where C is the amount spent, Y is pre-tax income, and T is taxes. One minus the APC is the average propensity to save (APS). The average propensity to consume differs from the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), which is the fraction of incremental (marginal) income that is spent. Average propensity

neg: North Warwickshire (UK Parliament constituency) North Warwickshire (UK Parliament constituency) North Warwickshire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Craig Tracey, a Conservative. Warwickshire North has wards which are the most "working-class" (lowest average income) and industrial of the six constituencies in the county, politically frequently with the best returns locally for Labour candidates. In the 2010 election all six Warwickshire constituencies were won by the Conservative party, this constituency was the most marginal, falling on a substantial swing of 8.1% from Labour to the Conservatives (compared to a national swing of 5%). Like much of

neg: North Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency) North Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency) North Herefordshire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation by Bill Wiggin, a Conservative. The seat has a substantially self-sufficient population, covered by civil parishes and with low rates of unemployment and social housing in each ward, with income levels concentrated towards the average in Britain. This constituency contains a northern and central part of Herefordshire, including the towns of Bromyard, Kington, Ledbury and Leominster. The constituency has the electoral wards: The village of Weobley (listed above) was a former borough constituency that was abolished

neg: Ribble Valley (UK Parliament constituency) Ribble Valley, bringing a more urban element to the largely farming and rural mix of the existing seat. Ribble Valley (UK Parliament constituency) Ribble Valley is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1992 by Nigel Evans, a Conservative. The Ribble Valley constituency was created in 1983 almost wholly from the former seat of Clitheroe. Much of the eastern part of the constituency lies within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The constituency enjoys scenic villages for both commuters and the retired, and has slightly higher than national average income

neg: Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner (UK Parliament constituency) Normanton, Pontefract, and Castleford in Yorkshire. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of two local government districts with similar characteristics: a working population whose income is higher than the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 3.6%. This was the third lowest in the capital behind Richmond Park and Kingston & Surbiton. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat's statistics are given first. In terms of tenure 62.9%/65.2%

neg: Rayleigh and Wickford (UK Parliament constituency) Rayleigh and Wickford (UK Parliament constituency) Rayleigh and Wickford is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation by Mark Francois, a Conservative. Parliament accepted the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies which added to Essex an extra seat for the 2010 general election and the seat has electoral wards: The previous Rayleigh seat was abolished as a consequence of these changes. This small-town studded portion of rural Essex reaches out almost as far as the North Sea beside Rochford and has income levels on average slightly above the national

neg: Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency) and Kings Heath, Headlands, Kingsthorpe, Links, Lumbertubs, Park, St Alban, St George, Thorplands, and Welford. 2010–present: The Borough of Northampton wards of Abington, Boughton Green, Eastfield, Headlands, Kingsley, Kingsthorpe, Lumbertubs, Parklands, St David, and Thorplands. The constituency has income, social housing and unemployment statistics close to the national average and a varied and dynamic service and engineering-centred economy typical of the East Midlands with significant foodstuffs, clothing and consumables manufacturing and processing operations. Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency) Northampton North is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Michael Ellis, a Conservative.

neg: Salford and Eccles (UK Parliament constituency) services. Salford Quays became Britain's Media City as the home of the BBC in the North of England and the University of Salford commenced a £150 million redevelopment in 2008. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of the City of Salford: a working population whose income is below the national average and higher than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 5.0% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.2%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a high 44.5%

neg: Per capita income Per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita income is national income/total population. Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. This is used to see the wealth of the population with those of others. Per capita income is often used to measure a country's standard of living. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly used international currency

neg: Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency) local tradition, the Member of Parliament for Salisbury sings the song "The Vly be on the Turmut" from the balcony of the White Hart Hotel in St John's Street after winning each Parliamentary election. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of one local government district with a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 1.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.5%. The rural county as a whole has

neg: Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough (UK Parliament constituency) Areas of a local government districts with: a working population whose income is close to and fractionally below the national average and that has higher than average reliance on social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency was the highest of Sheffield's five constituencies at 7.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a reasonably high 33% of its population without a car, has 24.3% of the population without qualifications and 25.7% with level 4 qualifications or above. In

neg: Scunthorpe (UK Parliament constituency) somewhat of a marginal majority area for the party. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of a local government district with: a working population whose income is below the national average and slightly higher than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 5.7% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. The borough contributing to the seat had a middling 20.7% of its population without a car, 26.2% of the population without qualifications and 19.5% with level 4 qualifications or above. In terms

neg: Saffron Walden (UK Parliament constituency) has a working population whose income is close to the national average and much lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood at 1.6% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 2.4%. The borough contributing to the bulk of the seat has a very low 10.1% of its population without a car, 17.7% of the population without qualifications and a high 31.9% had level 4 qualifications or above. In terms of tenure 71.6% of homes are owned outright or on a mortgage as at

neg: Selby and Ainsty (UK Parliament constituency) moved to the new York Outer constituency. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of two local government districts with similar characteristics: a working population whose income is close to the national average and lower than average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 2.2% of the population claiming jobseekers allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.7%. The district contributing to the bulk of the seat has a low 14.5% of its population without a car, 21.2% of the population without qualifications and a relatively high 26.1% with level

neg: Sefton Central (UK Parliament constituency) majority of over 30% for the first time. This suggests that since 2010, Sefton Central has changed from a key marginal between the major parties to a Labour safe seat. The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of a local government district with: a working population whose income is close to the national average and which has close to average reliance on social housing. At the end of 2012, the unemployment rate in the constituency stood as 2.4% of the population claiming Jobseeker's Allowance, compared to the regional average of 4.2%. The borough contributing to the seat has a medium

neg: Per capita income child in a geographic area." (Children are counted if they are at least 15 years old.) Critics claim that per capita income has several weaknesses in measuring prosperity: Per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita income is national income/total population. Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. This is used to see the wealth of the population with

neg: Social inequality much less extreme. Members of the bottom half of the population in income earn about half the average income. In sum, the concentration of capital ownership is always extreme, so that the very notion of capital is fairly abstract for large segments—if not the majority—of the population. Piketty (2014) finds that wealth-income ratios, today, seem to be returning to very high levels in low economic growth countries, similar to what he calls the "classic patrimonial" wealth-based societies of the 19th century wherein a minority lives off its wealth while the rest of the population works for subsistence living. He surmises

neg: Palmerston–Little Italy over $40,000 per year in 2005 from the 2006 Census. In 2011, most people had income in the range of $10,000 - $29,000 annually. It is also to note that the average income from the 2006 census was $41,141 a year and median income was $25,096 a year. In addition, the average income in 2011 NHS was $45,978 a year and the median income is $28,093 a year, a small increase in median income of about $2,997. In 2015 average household income was $126,000. Houses in this neighborhood sell for an average of $1,500,000 with the recent rise in housing

neg: Magic Circle (law firms) the United Kingdom. The term was coined by "The Lawyer" magazine in 2005 in response to the pre-existing term, Magic Circle. These firms have a lower turnover than the members of the Magic Circle, but consistently have an average profits per equity partner (PEP) and average revenue per lawyer (RPL) far above the UK average (and, in some instances, higher than members of the magic circle). Contrary to what the term Silver Circle may suggest, there is no Golden Circle. UK law firms, including Magic Circle law firms, have experienced increased competition from US law firms both domestically (from US

neg: Benefit cap Daily Mail newspaper said that an individual would require a salary of £35,000 before deductions to receive a take-home income of £26,000. At that time Conservative MPs David Ruffley and Brooks Newmark argued for the benefit cap to be set at £20,000. Benefit cap The benefit cap is a British Coalition government policy that caps the amount in state benefits that an individual household can claim per year. The benefit cap was introduced at £26,000 per year (£500 per week) which was the average income of a family in the UK. For single people with no children it was set

neg: Fixed income which is the case in 2012 for many such UK bonds, or (b) the government or other issuer defaults on the bond). This allows investors of all types to preserve the purchasing power of their money even at times of high inflation. For example, assuming 3.88% inflation over the course of 1 year (just about the 56 year average inflation rate, through most of 2006), and a real yield of 2.61% (the fixed US Treasury real yield on October 19, 2006, for a 5 yr TIPS), the adjusted principal of the fixed income would rise from 100 to 103.88 and

neg: Retiready provides users with financial planning, forecasting and coaching tools. It enables users to analyse their existing pension and savings arrangements and to calculate the fees they are paying for these products. Retiready also gives users access to new pensions and savings products. Retiready Retiready is a free digital retirement, saving and planning service provided by pension, insurance and investment company Aegon UK. It is designed to help people assess what their income needs will be in retirement and choose suitable products to achieve them. Aegon UK launched Retiready in April 2014. At the same time it published ‘The Aegon UK

neg: Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme a QROPS should be in a similar position as they would have been if the transfer had not taken place. What differentiates a QROPS from a UK held pension is that it must be recognised as a pension scheme under the country's legislation where it resides while still complying with the rules set out by HMRC. As the jurisdiction's rules, where the pension resides, differ to UK rules this leads to benefits available to the holder in comparison to a UK pension scheme. Upon returning to the UK, a QROPS pension income will be treated as a foreign pension and

neg: Poole (UK Parliament constituency) contributing in 2012 with the remainder to producing for Poole the highest unemployment of the constituencies in the county. However, Canford Cliffs is epitomised by one sub-neighbourhood, "Sandbanks" with its multimillion-pound properties, the coastline area has been dubbed as ""Britain's Palm Beach"" by the national media. Alongside oil extraction, insurance, care, retail and customer service industries choosing the town as their base tourism contributes to overall a higher income than the national average, however the divergence is not statistically significant and the size of homes varies extensively. Poole (UK Parliament constituency) Poole is a constituency represented in the House of

neg: Living Wage Foundation Living Wage campaign subsequently grew into a national movement with local campaigns across the UK. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation funded the Centre for Research in Social Policy (CRSP) at Loughborough University to calculate the Minimum Income Standard (MIS), a UK-wide figure taking an average from across the whole country and independent of the higher living costs in London. In 2011 the CRSP used the MIS as the basis for developing a standard model for setting the UK Living Wage outside of London and other cities around the UK began to adopt the campaign. As a result of the campaign’s success,

neg: Russell Group 2015. The Russell Group accounted for 49.1% of the income of the higher education sector in the UK in 2013–14, having risen from 44.7% of the total in 2001–02. Over the same period the total income of Russell Group universities rose by 69.9% in real terms, compared to a sector average of 54.4%. Russell Group universities are also seen as "particularly creditworthy" due to their membership of the group, allowing them to borrow money at low interest rates. The total annual income for Russell Group members for 2016–17 was £16.67 billion of which £4.38 billion was from research grants and

neg: University College London a total group income of £1.45 billion, of which £476.3 million was from research grants and contracts. In the most recent Research Excellence Framework rankings for research power, UCL was the top-rated university in the UK as calculated by "Times Higher Education", and second as calculated by "The Guardian"/"Research Fortnight". UCL had the 9th highest average entry tariff in the UK for students starting in 2016. Globally, UCL is ranked from tenth to twentieth in the four major international rankings, and from eighth to eleventh in the national league tables. UCL is a member of numerous academic organisations, including the

neg: Income inequality in Ohio people living in a houses collectively in a population. In 2009 the average household income for the poorest 20% of Ohioans was $20,500. The average household income for the middle 20% of Ohioans was $58,100. The average household income for the richest 5% of Ohioans was $221,800. Income inequality in Ohio Income inequality is amount to which income is distributed unequally in a population. Income inequality before and after taxes has risen significantly since the 1970s. Critiques of income inequality often refer to a casual chain linking unequal growth to a lessened economy. Unequal growth concentrates wealth in a small

neg: Jobseeker's Allowance During 2011 the Jobseeker's Allowance (Employment, Skills and Enterprise) Regulations were brought into force. One part of the scheme required the long-term unemployed to participate in unpaid work activity for a maximum of six-months. Roughly 2% of welfare expenditure in the UK is spent on Jobseeker's Allowance; the bulk is spent in other areas. The average number of claimants between the years 2003 and 2008 was 814,000 and average number of new claims was approximately 2,463,000. Nearly 40% of income-based claimants during 2003, were also claiming Housing Benefit. The DWP for England and Wales showed one third of the total

neg: Reddish High values indicate increasing poverty. The parliamentary constituency scores 14.4, close to the UK average of 14.8. This compares well with neighbours Manchester Gorton (20.5) and Stockport (14.2), but poorly with the other Stockport constituencies of Hazel Grove (10.9) and Cheadle, placed third best in the UK with a value of 7.9. On a narrower level, the estimated household weekly income for the period April 2001 to March 2002 for North & South Reddish wards was £440 and £400 respectively. In comparison with nearby wards, this is higher than Gorton North, Gorton South and Brinnington (at £350, £330, and £340),

neg: Sheffield South East (UK Parliament constituency) and Woodhouse. As mentioned above, Labour majorities since 1935 have been substantial, meaning the area is potentially one of that party's safe seats. In 2010 the closest runner-up was from the Liberal Democrat candidate. In 2015 UKIP came second, with nearly 22% of the vote, beating both the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats (the Liberal Democrat vote declining by 18%). The constituency consists of Census Output Areas of local government districts with a working population whose income is close to or slightly below the national average and close to average reliance upon social housing. At the end of 2012 the

neg: Taxation in the United Kingdom taxation whatever the citizenship and place of residence of an individual, or the place of registration of a company. This means that the UK income tax liability of an individual who is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom is limited to any tax deducted at source on UK income, together with tax on income from a trade or profession carried on through a permanent establishment in the UK and tax on rental income from UK real estate. Individuals who are both resident and domiciled in the United Kingdom are additionally liable to taxation on their worldwide income

neg: Johann Lamont trade union members, met for the first time in October 2012. It published an interim report in April 2013, recommending that Scotland have autonomy over income tax, but leaving decisions on corporation tax and welfare to the UK Parliament. But party members opposed it, warning that the plans could threaten the Barnett formula, the financial mechanism under which Scotland receives an annual average of £1,600 per head more in UK Government spending than does the rest of the UK. Ian Davidson, chair of the House of Commons Scottish Affairs Select Committee said the proposals could affect spending in poorer areas.

neg: Springburn Springburn said they did not have any formal qualifications, the fourth-highest figure in the UK, and almost two-thirds said they did not own a car, second only to Shettleston; also in Glasgow.. That same year, it was reported that 40% of Springburn's residents were living in poverty, the area's unemployment rate was 140% higher than Scotland's average, deaths from lung cancer was twice higher than the Scottish average and the proportion of children leaving school without Standard Grades was four times higher. The average household income was £13,310 and male unemployment stood at 13% - the highest level in Scotland.

neg: Middle-class squeeze . the United States, in terms of income and wealth, is the most unequal country in the world. While the average income in the United States is still almost the highest in the world . . . the gap between wealth and poverty is higher than anywhere else, and is growing steadily greater”." As noted by another historian, “Not long ago, unskilled US workers enjoyed what might have been called an “American premium.” They were paid more than labourers with the same skills in other parts of the world simply because, as unskilled Americans, they would work with higher capital-to-labor

neg: Repent Replenish Repeat together to fortify what is nevertheless a competent return to form." UK edition does not include "Kickstarter". Repent Replenish Repeat Repent Replenish Repeat is the third studio album by Dan le Sac Vs Scroobius Pip, released on October 7th 2013. It peaked at number 22 on the UK Albums Chart. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 66% based on 5 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Peter Adkins of "Clash" gave the album a 6 out of 10, calling it "their most mixed work

neg: Foreign tax credit resident company publicly traded company which buys and sells carpets through offices in UK and Germany. Carpet Ltd's tax rate in the UK is 33% on its business net income of £1 million. Carpet Ltd is also subject to tax in Germany on the equivalent of £100,000 at a tax rate of 37%, or £37,000. The UK limits FTC to the amount of UK tax that would be on the foreign (non-UK) source income. If Carpet Ltd has no other foreign source income under UK concepts, Carpet Ltd's UK tax is £330,000 less FTC of £33,000, or £297,000. Total taxes

neg: Socioeconomic mobility in the United States as an adult. Wages and earnings correlate with education. A 2009 survey of young adults who worked full-time throughout a full year, found the median income of whose without a high school diploma ($21,000) was below the poverty level for a family of four ($22,050) and less than half of what whose with a bachelor's degree earned ($45,000). The difference has worsened since 1979 when the average college graduate made 38% more than the average high school graduate. By 2011 college graduates averaged made 75% more income. "Mobility" to the "class" of college graduates has declined. Those born with parents

neg: Average Joe 1970. Middle income households tended to spend roughly 18% of their monthly income on housing. Considering these statistics it is likely that many average Americans reside in homes, priced slightly above $100,000 with two or more bathrooms that were built in the late 1960s and early 1970s. However, the taken income is slightly above average. Average Joe The terms average Joe, ordinary Joe, Joe Sixpack, Joe Lunchbucket, Joe Snuffy, Joe Schmo (for males) and ordinary Jane, average Jane, and plain Jane (for females), are used primarily in North America to refer to a completely average person, typically an average American.

neg: Personal budget irregular income. Households with an irregular income should keep two common major pitfalls in mind when planning their finances: spending more than their average income, and running out of money even when income is on average. Clearly, a household's need to estimate their average (yearly) income is paramount; spending, which will be relatively constant, needs to be maintained below that amount. A budget being an approximate estimation, room for error should always be allowed so keeping expenses 5% or 10% below the estimated income is a prudent approach. When done correctly, households should end any given year with about 5%

neg: The Seven Dials Mystery or planning, presumably in contrast to the very-tightly planned detective stories. She called this era her “plutocratic” period in that she was starting to receive sums for American serialisation rights which both exceeded what she earned in the UK for such rights and was, at this time, free of income tax. She compared this period favourably with the time at which she wrote these comments (1950s to 1960s) when she was plagued with income tax problems which lasted for some twenty years and ate up most of what people presumed was a large fortune. The blurb of the first edition