query: when was the baikal-amur mainline ( bam ) railroad completed in the russian domain

pos: Baikal–Amur Mainline was laid, the tracklaying rate would have needed to nearly triple to meet the 1983 deadline. In September 1984, a "golden spike" was hammered into place, connecting the eastern and western sections of the BAM. The Western media was not invited to attend this historic event as Soviet officials did not want any comments about the line's operational status. In reality, only one third of the BAM's track was fully operational for civilians, due to military reasons. The BAM was again declared complete in 1991. By then, the total cost to build the line was US$14 billion. Beginning in the

pos: Trans-Siberian Railway from one side and then exit China and return to Russia on the other side) on this branch, it is still used by several international passenger services between Russia and China. The third primary route is the Trans-Mongolian Railway, which coincides with the Trans-Siberian as far as Ulan-Ude on Lake Baikal's eastern shore. From Ulan-Ude the Trans-Mongolian heads south to Ulaan-Baatar before making its way southeast to Beijing. In 1991, a fourth route running further to the north was finally completed, after more than five decades of sporadic work. Known as the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), this recent extension departs

pos: Baikal–Amur Mainline was laid, the tracklaying rate would have needed to nearly triple to meet the 1983 deadline. In September 1984, a "golden spike" was hammered into place, connecting the eastern and western sections of the BAM. The Western media was not invited to attend this historic event as Soviet officials did not want any comments about the line's operational status. In reality, only one third of the BAM's track was fully operational for civilians, due to military reasons. The BAM was again declared complete in 1991. By then, the total cost to build the line was US$14 billion. Beginning in the

pos: Tenth five-year plan (Soviet Union) Communist Party of Moldova, blamed "fundamental flaws in economic activity" which made it close to impossible to fulfill the plan's criteria. The Baikal Amur Mainline railway in Siberia was officially finished in 1984, but was not fully completed until 1991. The 1979 Soviet economic reform, or "Improving planning and reinforcing the effects of the economic mechanism on raising the effectiveness in production and improving the quality of work", was an economic reform initiated by Alexei Kosygin. In contrast with many of his earlier reform initiatives, such as the 1965 economic reform, which successfully centralised the economy by enhancing the powers

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline a group of three experienced motorcycle riders took a whole month to travel from Komsomolsk (in the east) to Lake Baikal. Main belt asteroid 2031 BAM, discovered in 1969 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh, is named in honor of the builders of the BAM. Baikal–Amur Mainline The Baikal–Amur Mainline (Russian Байкало-Амурская магистраль (БАМ), "Baikalo-Amurskaya magistral", BAM) is a broad gauge railway line in Russia. Traversing Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, the long BAM runs about 610 to 770 km (380 to 480 miles) north of and parallel to the Trans-Siberian railway. The BAM was built as a strategic

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline Baikal–Amur Mainline The Baikal–Amur Mainline (Russian Байкало-Амурская магистраль (БАМ), "Baikalo-Amurskaya magistral", BAM) is a broad gauge railway line in Russia. Traversing Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, the long BAM runs about 610 to 770 km (380 to 480 miles) north of and parallel to the Trans-Siberian railway. The BAM was built as a strategic alternative route to the Trans-Siberian Railway, especially along the vulnerable sections close to the border with China. The BAM's costs were estimated at $14 billion, and it was built with special, durable tracks since much of it was built over permafrost. Due to the

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline of the line is increasing. Plans exist for the development of mining areas such as "Udokanskoye" and "Chineyskoye" near Novaya Chara, as well as one of Eurasia's largest coal deposits at Elginskoye (Elga) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In connection with this, a number of branch lines have been built or are under construction. In January 2012 the Russian mining company Mechel completed the construction of the 320-kilometre-long branch line to Elginskoye, branching from the BAM station Ulak, west of the Zeya River crossing in northwestern Amur Oblast. The branch line connects the Elginskoye coal mine to the Russian railroad

neg: Kuznetsovsky Tunnel the longest in Russia. The construction of the new tunnel will lead to a significant increase in freight traffic on the Eastern Baikal Amur Mainline, which connects Komsomolsk-on-Amur with the sea ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan. There is expected a growth from 12 million tons in 2009 to 24 million by 2015. The total cost of the project is estimated to be 59.8 billion rubles. The new tunnel was inaugurated in December 2012. Kuznetsovsky Tunnel Kuznetsovsky Tunnel () is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), on the Sikhote-Alin mountain range in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. The tunnel,

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline second attempt in 2003 was also postponed during construction. Current economic conditions make the short-term completion of the tunnel doubtful, although Russian president Dmitry Medvedev announced in November 2008 his support for a revival of this project. The BAM now also attracts the interest of Western railway enthusiasts, with some tourist activity on the line. Also, the BAM itself extension from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Magadan (Okhotsk coastal route), full length electrification, full length track doubling, and double-stacking under the overhead wires on the Russian gauge tracks (with well cars to make 6.15m height) are proposed. The future BAM passenger rolling stocks

neg: 2031 BAM and runs between Ust-Kut (near Lake Baikal and Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 (). 2031 BAM 2031 BAM, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1969, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for those who built the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM; БАМ), a Siberian railway line. "BAM" is a member of the Flora family (), a giant

neg: Kuznetsovsky Tunnel Kuznetsovsky Tunnel Kuznetsovsky Tunnel () is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), on the Sikhote-Alin mountain range in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. The tunnel, as well as the Kuznetsovsky Pass it provides access to, and a nearby railway station, are all named after Arseny Kuznetsov, a construction engineer who found the suitable location for the railroad, but died during the construction of the tunnel. That old tunnel was built during World War II and completed by 1945. It is long. Currently another tunnel is constructed nearby; with a length of this new Kuznetsovsky Tunnel will be one of

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline 1879: Khani: the only BAM town in the Sakha Republic. Northernmost point on the line. Line turns south-southeast along the Olyokma River. Enter Amur basin. 2364: Tynda. Tynda to Komsomolsk 1473 km: 2364: Tynda: Branch railway and highway north to Yakutsk, little BAM south to the Trans-Siberian. 2704: Bridge over Zeya Reservoir. Line heads southeast. 3205: Bureya River bridge. 3315: Novy Urgal: Branch south to Trans-Siberian. 3403: east to Dusse-Alin Tunnel. Northeast up the Amgun River. 3633: Postyshevo: east. 3697: Evoron Lake. southeast to 3837: Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Komsomolsk to Sovetskaya Gavan 486 km. This section was completed by prisoners during World

neg: Geography of Russia are scarce and are found primarily in the Ural region, northwestern European Russia, and south-central Siberia. Copper is more abundant and major reserves are located in the Urals, the Norilsk area near the mouth of the Yenisey in eastern Siberia, and the Kola Peninsula. Another vast deposit located east of Lake Baikal only became exploited when the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railroad was finished in 1989. The North Caucasus, far eastern Russia, and the western edge of the Kuznetsk Basin in southern Siberia contain an abundance of lead and zinc ores. These are commonly found along with copper, gold, silver, and

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline Tyndinsky) as part of the planned construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline. This section began operation in 1935, but was then dismantled in 1940-41 as the Second World War saw the BAM project cancelled and the rails were reused for other projects closer to the front. Reconstruction of the Bamovskaya-Tynda section (known as the "Little BAM") began on 5 April 1972, almost two years before the government of the Soviet Union announced the revival of the BAM project in 1974. The start of provisional services on the Little BAM began in November 1976, with full services in October 1977. At the

neg: Komsomolsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur () is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: The city and its suburbs stretch for over along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to wide. The distance to Khabarovsk—the administrative center of the krai—is ; to the Pacific Ocean—about . The nearest other major town is Amursk, about south. It is about east of Moscow, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway.

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline severe terrain, weather, length and cost Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev described BAM as "the construction project of the century". The BAM departs from the Trans-Siberian railway at Tayshet, then crosses the Angara River at Bratsk and the Lena River at Ust-Kut, proceeds past Severobaikalsk at the northern tip of Lake Baikal, past Tynda and Khani, crosses the Amur River at Komsomolsk-on-Amur and finally reaches the Pacific Ocean at Sovetskaya Gavan. There are 21 tunnels along the line, with a total length of . There are also more than 4,200 bridges, with a total length of over 400 km (about 260

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline Komsomolsk-on-Amur is 36 hours. Travel time from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Sovetskaya Gavan is 13 hours. The route of the present-day BAM first came under consideration in the 1880s as an option for the eastern section of the planned Trans-Siberian railway. In the 1930s labor-camp inmates, in particular from the Bamlag camp of the Gulag system, built the section from Tayshet to Bratsk. In a confusing transfer of names, the label "BAM" applied from 1933 to 1935 to the project to double-track the Trans-Siberian east of Lake Baikal, constructing largely using forced labor. 1945 saw the finalisation of plans for upgrading the

neg: Severomuysky Tunnel Severomuysky Tunnel Severomuysky Tunnel () is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), in northwestern Buryatia, Russia. It is named after the Severomuysky Range it cuts through. The tunnel is long, the longest in Russia (excluding metro lines). The tunnel cuts under the Severomuysky Range, a mountain ridge separating the Upper Angara basin to the north west from the Muya basin to the south east. The BAM then follows the valley of the Muyakan River on its way east towards its junction with the Muya shortly before Taksimo. A works town named after the tunnel was built at

neg: Severomuysky Tunnel of doubling the tunnel to increase the capacity from 16 to 34 train pairs per day and from 16 to 100 million tonnes per year, with intervals between trains of not more than 10 minutes, was budgeted at 260.79 billion rubles (US$3.9 billion), according to a 2018 feasibility study by the Institute for Economy and Transport Development. Building a second tunnel would take around 10 years. Athol Yates and Nicholas Zvegentzov, Siberian BAM guide, 2001 Severomuysky Tunnel Severomuysky Tunnel () is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), in northwestern Buryatia, Russia. It is named after the Severomuysky

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline of the line until 1974. 736: Lena Vostochnaya: east of the Lena, start of the BAM proper from 1974. Line tends east southeast. 786: Zvyozdnaya: first new town built on the BAM. 890: Kirenga: 12 km east is the larger town of Magistralnyy. Kirenga River and bridge. 931: Ul'kan: on the Ulkan branch of the Kirenga. 1005: Delbichenda: last stop before the 6.7 km Baikal Mountain Tunnel (between 1979 and 1984 there was a 15 km bypass over the mountain). 1014: Daben. 1064: Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal to Tynda 1300 km: 1064: Severobaykalsk. Four small tunnels along the lake. 1104:

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline Nizhneangarsk; leave Lake Baikal, northeast up the valley of the Upper Angara River. 1257: Novy Uoyan: there is talk of building a railroad south from here to the Trans-Siberian. Enter Severomuysk Mountains. Much permafrost from here to Tynda. 1385–1400: Severomuysky Tunnel: 15.7 km long, very difficult construction. Exit mountain. Scenic section with mountains to north and south. Much fog. 1484: Taksimo: end of electrified section. Muya River. 1548: Shivery: leave Buryat Republic. Vitim River. 1577: Kuanda: official 'completion' of the BAM was celebrated here in September 1984. Valley into mountains. 1664: Kodar: Kodar mountains, 1.9 km tunnel. 1734: Novaya Chara.

neg: Fevralsk Fevralsk Fevralsk () is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Selemdzhinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia, located between the Selemdzha River and its tributary the Byssa, about northeast of Blagoveshchensk, the oblast's administrative center, and southwest of Ekimchan, the administrative center of the district. Population: The village of "Fevralskoye" () was founded in February 1896 by settlers from Central Russia; the name was derived from the Russian word "" ("fevral"), meaning "February". In 1974, the village became one of the most important support bases for construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). The station and the settlement were built by

neg: Vitim River Vitim River Vitim River (Russian and ; ; ) is a major tributary of the Lena River. With its source east of Lake Baikal, the Vitim flows north through the Transbaikal Mountains and the town of Bodaybo. The river peaks in June and freezes from November to May. It is navigable from the Lena to Bodaybo. Upstream, tugs can haul barges as far as the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), but this is becoming rare. Formerly, because of its swift current, goods were hauled overland from Chita to a place called Romanovka. There boats were built, floated down the river, and

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline War II, except for the 19 km section east of Komsomolsk which was completed in 1974. Komsomolsk. 1734m Amur River Bridge. 0: Pivan (new numbering system). 51: Selikhin: Branch. 95–340: Sikhote Alin Mountains. 403: Mongokhto 441: Vanino: port, train ferry to Sakhalin Island, practical end of passenger service. 467: Sovetskaya Gavan: naval base. In April 2008 the state-owned Bamtonnelstroy corporation started work on the new 3.91 km single-track Kuznetsovsky Tunnel to bypass an older tunnel built in 1943–1945. It was opened in December 2012. The old tunnel had difficult gradients; building the new tunnel relieved a bottleneck on the BAM.

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline mid-1980s, the BAM-project attracted increasing criticism for bad planning. Infrastructure and basic services like running water were often not in place when workers arrived. At least 60 boomtowns developed around the route, but nowadays a lot of these places are deserted ghost towns and unemployment in the area is high. The building of the BAM has also been criticised for its complete lack of environmental protection. When the Soviet Union was dissolved, numerous mining and industrial projects in the region were cancelled, and the BAM was greatly underutilized until the late 1990s, running at a large operational deficit. In 1996,

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline labor. A few weeks later he challenged the Young Communist League (Komsomol) to join in "the construction project of the century". 17th Komsomol congress (held in April 1974) announced BAM a Komsomol shock construction project, created the central Komsomol headquarters of BAM construction, and appointed Dmitry Filippov the chief of the headquarters. By the end of 1974 perhaps 50,000 young people of the 156,000 young people who applied had moved to the BAM service area. In 1975 and 1976 28 new settlements were inaugurated, and 70 new bridges including the Amur and Lena bridges were erected. And while of track

neg: Komsomolsk-on-Amur north. Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station is an important rail junction of Baikal-Amur Mainline and Komsomolsk-Dezhnyovka railway line. The city is served by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport Public transport includes 5 tram routes, bus and fixed-taxi (marshrutka). The first sortie of the Sukhoi Su-57 prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory. Komsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with: Komsomolsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur () is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: The city and its suburbs stretch for over along the left bank of the

neg: Tynda "Shkaruby" was founded in 1917 on the present site of Tynda, as a rest stop and winter camp on the route from the Amur to the newly discovered gold fields on the Timpton River, a tributary of the Aldan. In 1928, in conjunction with construction of the highway to Yakutsk, it was renamed "Tyndinsky" (). In 1932, plans for what would eventually become the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) named Tynda as a possible future hub station. A long rail line, connecting Tynda with BAM station (known as "Bamovskaya") near Skovorodino on the Trans-Siberian Railway was constructed between 1933 and 1937, although

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline under in winter to over in summer, as well as the challenges of building on permafrost in difficult terrain. The line currently has an official length of , branching from the Trans-Siberian railway at Bamovskaya station, near Skovorodino in Amur Oblast. The line continues north, joining the Baikal–Amur Mainline near Tynda and continuing along the BAM for before branching northwards at Bestuzhevo. The line in this section crosses the Gilyuy River twice. Shortly after entering the Sakha Republic, the line passes through the Nagorny tunnel under the Stanovoy Range. In the highlands of southern Sakha Republic, the line crosses numerous

neg: 2031 BAM 2031 BAM 2031 BAM, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1969, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for those who built the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM; БАМ), a Siberian railway line. "BAM" is a member of the Flora family (), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline north to Neryungri and Tommot, with an extension to Yakutsk opened in 2014, and now extension to Magadan under construction. The original section of the AYaM connecting the Trans-Siberian at Bamovskaya with the BAM at Tynda is also referred to as the "Little BAM". During the winter the passenger trains go from Moscow past Tayshet and Tynda to Neryungri and Tommot and there are also a daily trains from Tynda to Komsomolsk-on-Amur and from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Sovetskaya Gavan on the Pacific Ocean via Vanino(""Vladivostok-Sovetskaya Gavan"" train No.351Э).Travel time from Tayshet to Tynda is 48 hours. Travel time from Tynda to

neg: Igor Levitin station at Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). He participated in the laying of the Golden Link. From 1985 to 1994 he served in the military communication bodies at Moscow railway as a railway district Military Commandant and later as a Deputy Head of Moscow Military Railway Communications Service. His rank is colonel in reserve. In 1994, Levitin changed his occupation to join Financial and Industrial Company of Railway Transport. where in 1995 he was appointed a vice president. In 1996, he joined Severstaltrans (a subsidiary of Severstal Group), which was founded as one of the first private competitors to Russian Railways. In

neg: Ust-Kut Lena served by the railway and an important railhead through which cargoes could travel to and from the locations along the Lena, such as most of Yakutia. Ust-Kut was granted town status in 1954, with the merger of the original settlement of Ust-Kut and the river port suburb of Osetrovo. Ust-Kut remained the end of the line until 1974, when construction work started to extend the railway, now known as the Baikal–Amur Mainline, east toward Lake Baikal and beyond. The town became the headquarters of the construction of the western section of the BAM. Within the framework of administrative divisions,

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline Amur–Yakutsk Mainline The Amur–Yakutsk Mainline (, ), abbreviated to AYaM (Russian АЯM) is a partially complete railway in eastern Russia, linking the Trans-Siberian Railway and Baikal–Amur Mainline with the Sakha Republic. Passenger services on the line currently extend from Tynda to the town of Tommot, roughly 450 km south of the planned terminus at Yakutsk. The section from Tommot to Yakutsk is under construction and was reportedly near completion in late 2013. In November 2011, construction of the railway reached the settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh, on the opposite bank of the Lena River from Yakutsk. The final step required to

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline bring the railway into the city itself is a combined road and rail bridge, to be constructed upstream of Yakutsk where the river is narrower. The railway via Nizhny Bestyakh is planned in the long term to form the start of a railway towards Magadan and possibly even across the Bering Strait. The line is single-track, excepting the double-track section from Tynda to Bestuzhevo, which shared with the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). The full length of the line is not electrified. As in most of Siberia, construction and operation of the railway is complicated by the large temperature variations, ranging from

neg: 2031 BAM 10.774 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (). According to the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, "BAM" measures 8.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.170. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" assumes a standard albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the parent body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 7.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.9. This minor planet was named after those who constructed the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM; БАМ) through eastern Russia from 1974 to 1986. The rail line opened in 1989,

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline speed. Plans were announced in May 2012 by the governor of Magadan Oblast to extend the railway 1800 km eastwards of Yakutsk to Moma and onwards to Magadan with construction scheduled to begin in 2016. Amur–Yakutsk Mainline The Amur–Yakutsk Mainline (, ), abbreviated to AYaM (Russian АЯM) is a partially complete railway in eastern Russia, linking the Trans-Siberian Railway and Baikal–Amur Mainline with the Sakha Republic. Passenger services on the line currently extend from Tynda to the town of Tommot, roughly 450 km south of the planned terminus at Yakutsk. The section from Tommot to Yakutsk is under construction and

neg: Zilov Gap the north of Lake Baikal which follows the Baikal Amur Mainline line. There is a new road from Khabarovsk to Chita which was under construction in 2005, see article (with link to map in Russian) and photos. The remaining 2 km gap on the southern route was about to be filled in. The road was then used to export used cars from Japan. Eastbound travellers on M58 highway would load their cars onto cars of the Trans-Siberian Railroad at Chernyshevsk for the 800-km trip to Magdagachi (at least this was the case in 2001.). The Chernyshevsk-Magdachi gap is just north

neg: Sakhalin Railway Russian President Dimitry Medvedev announced his support for the project in November 2008, suggesting the link could be completed by 2030. In February 2013, the Russian government announced plans to build this link, including it in the 2012-2015 federal transport plan. It would connect the Sakhalin Railway to the Baikal–Amur Mainline at Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The link, estimated at 21 billion rubles, would require some of new construction on the mainland, a bridge across the Strait of Nevelskoy and an additional of new track to connect the line to the existing network. In order to allow regular Russian trains to run on

neg: Amur Oblast Amur Oblast Amur Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the Russian Far East, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 830,103. Amur Krai () or Priamurye () were unofficial names for the Russian territories by

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline BAM for diesel or electric instead of steam traction, and for the heavier axle-loads of eight-axle oil tankers to carry new-found oil from Western Siberia. The upgrading required 25 years and 3,000 surveyors and designers, although much of the redesign work (particularly as regards the central section) took place between 1967 and 1974. In March 1974, Soviet General Secretary Brezhnev proposed that the BAM would be one of the two major projects in the Tenth Five Year Plan (1976–80). He famously stated that "BAM will be constructed with clean hands only!" and firmly rejected the suggestion to again use prison

neg: Yakutsk to be built by the year 2020. However, as of 2018, no decision to actually build the bridge has been taken. The bridge had originally been planned to be a dual-use railroad and highway bridge so the Amur Yakutsk Mainline, the North–South railroad being extended from the south, could connect the city with the East–West Baikal Amur Mainline. The railroad reached the settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh, on the opposite bank of the Lena from Yakutsk, in November 2011. The new river bridge would be over long and would be constructed upriver at Tabaga, where the river narrows and it does

neg: Severobaykalsk to the southwest. The history of Severobaikalsk is closely related to the history of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). It was founded in 1974 as a work settlement for workers constructing the BAM, serving as a logistics center and a central starting point for the railway project. To the west the railway line was developed to Bratsk and to the east to Tynda. At this time the only settlement in the area was the village Nizhneangarsk, located at the edge of a swampy plain at the northern tip of the lake. It was decided to develop the new town Severobaikalsk southwest

neg: Magirus a contract (called the Delta Project) for delivery in 1975-1976 of about 9,500 dumper and flatbed trucks (Magirus М232 D19 and M290 D26) to the USSR to work on the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). This order was the largest in the company's history. These models were export only options KHD products which were not offered on the domestic market in Germany. By January 1, 1975 for the first batch of Magirus trucks for BAM construction was ready to be sent to the Soviet Union. Many of these trucks are still in service today. Largely because of this single

neg: Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai connection with the rest of the USSR with the construction of railway from Komsomolsk-on-Amur (the easternmost section of the future Baikal-Amur Mainline), which was started in 1943 and completed in 1945. Vanino railway station was opened in 1947. That caused quick growth of the port in Vanino Harbor. During the 1940s, Vanino, along with Vladivostok, was a major port for shipping convicts from the "mainland" USSR to Magadan, the port for the Kolyma Gulag labor camps. In post-Stalin era, the importance of the port continued to increase, as it provided the shortest connection to the seaports of Russian north-east. The

neg: Chegdomyn settlement status in 1949. The settlement's main industry remains coal mining by "Urgalugol", now owned by the Siberian Coal Energy Company. There is also some timber production in the surrounding area. Chegdomyn is the terminus of a long branch railway from the station Isvestkovaya on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Chegdomyn Chegdomyn () is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Verkhnebureinsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Population: The settlement is situated in the Bureya River basin, just north of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). A branch line connects Chegdomyn to Novy Urgal on the BAM. It is located

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline The 59.8 bn roubles (about $1.93 bn) project included 20 km of new track. In 2010, Yakunin had said, the stretch between Komsomolsk and Sovetskaya Gavan was the weakest link on the BAM, which, he said, could be carrying 100 million tons of freight a year in 2050. Running approximately alongside the railway track is the BAM road, a railway service track. It is said to be in a very poor state, with collapsed bridges, dangerous river crossings, severe potholes and "unrelenting energy-sapping bogs". The road is passable only by the most extreme off-road vehicles and adventure motorcycles. In 2009,

neg: Russian Far East though traffic still flows on the right-hand side of the road. Railways were better developed. The Trans-Siberian Railway and Baikal–Amur Mainline (since 1984) provide connection with Siberia (and the rest of the country). Amur–Yakutsk Mainline is aimed to link the city of Yakutsk to the Russian railway network. Passenger trains reach Nizhny Bestyakh as of 2013. Like in nearby Siberia, for many remote localities, aviation is the main mode of transportation to/from civilisation, but the infrastructure is often poor. Maritime transport is also important for delivering supplies to localities at (or near) the Pacific and Arctic coasts. Russian Far East

neg: Chegdomyn Chegdomyn Chegdomyn () is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Verkhnebureinsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Population: The settlement is situated in the Bureya River basin, just north of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). A branch line connects Chegdomyn to Novy Urgal on the BAM. It is located in the valley of the Chegdomyn River, near its confluence with the Urgal. Chegdomyn is located about northwest of the krai's administrative center of Khabarovsk. Chegdomyn has a monsoon-influenced humid continental/subarctic climate (Köppen "Dwb/Dwc") with severely cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers. Temperatures in the area

neg: Novy Uoyan Urban-Type Settlement is incorporated within Severo-Baykalsky Municipal District as Novy Uoyan Urban Settlement. Novy Uoyan is an important station on the Baikal–Amur Mainline, which presents the only real economic activity. The BAM crosses the Upper Angara close to the settlement via a bridge. There are proposals to build a connection between the BAM and the Trans-Siberian Railway through Buryatia, with a northern terminus at Novy Uoyan, beginning either at Novoilyinsky, or from Mogzon in Zabaykalsky Krai. This section would be mainly intended to service mining developments, such as the lead and zinc Ozyorninskoye mine, which could be reached from the

neg: Severobaykalsk In front of the railway station is a monument to volunteers and workers from Leningrad who built the town. North of the railway station, along Leningradsky Avenue is the main square, where the town administration and the Palace of Culture of the railway workers are located. Severobaikalsk also has a church and a museum dedicated to the history of the Baikal Amur Mainline. Severobaikalsk is connected by the Baikal-Amur Mainline to Bratsk and Tayshet in the west and Tynda and Komsomolsk-on-Amur and in the east. In the summer Voskhod hydrofoils connect Severobaikalsk with Irkutsk via Port Baikal. By air Severobaikalsk

neg: Tynda construction, the settlement was granted town status and received its present name on November 14, 1975. The Amur Yakutsk Mainline (AYaM) also began construction from Tynda, with the section to Neryungri completed in 1977. The AYaM currently sees passenger services as far as Tommot in the Sakha Republic, with completion to Yakutsk expected in 2013. The full extent of the BAM opened for full use in 1989, with the exception of the Severomuysky Tunnel. Tynda went into a decline after the BAM was completed, as the utilization of the mainline turned out to be low. Tynda's population has dropped by

neg: Bratsk Reservoir Bratsk Reservoir Bratsk Reservoir (, "Bratskoye Reservoir") is a reservoir on the Angara River, located in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is named after the city of Bratsk, the largest city adjacent to the reservoir. It has a surface area of and a maximum volume of 169.27 × 10 litres (37.2 × 10 gallons). The concrete dam of the Bratsk hydroelectric plant was completed in 1967. It is high and long. The Baikal Amur Mainline railroad runs along the top of the dam. At the time of its inauguration, the reservoir was the largest artificial lake in the world. Its electrical

neg: Novy Urgal Novy Urgal Novy Urgal () is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Verkhnebureinsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located in the valley of the Bureya River, close to its confluence with the Urgal River, about northwest of the krai's administrative center of Khabarovsk and west of the district's administrative center of Chegdomyn. Population: It was founded in 1974 in conjunction with the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM), near the original village of Urgal, located on the river of the same name. The railway line connecting the Trans-Siberian Railway at Isvestokovaya to the nearby Chegdomyn coal fields had already

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline miles). Of the whole route, only the western Tayshet-Taksimo sector of is electrified. The route is largely single-track, although the reservation is wide enough for double-tracking for its full length, in the case of eventual duplication. The unusual thing about the railway is that it is electrified with a 27.5 kV, 50 Hz catenary minimum height at 6.5 metres above top of the rails to suit double-stacking under the overhead wires on the Russian gauge tracks, which requires rolling stock to be modified for service on the railway. At Tynda the route is crossed by the Amur–Yakutsk Mainline, which runs

neg: East Siberian Railway no other railway in the world has as many man-made objects, namely 40 tunnels, 16 avalanche galleries, 470 overpasses, bridges, and pipe culverts, some 280 protecting walls, let alone various buildings at different railway stations. The Circum-Baikal Railway is also known as the "golden buckle of the steel belt" (the Trans-Siberian Railway being the "steel belt") because the construction of the greatest Russian railway was finished on the shores of Lake Baikal. In December 2003, the Severomuysky Tunnel on the Baikal-Amur Mainline (a section of the East Siberian Railway) was commissioned, the longest tunnel in Russia and the fifth longest

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline the BAM as a single operational body was dissolved, with the western section from Tayshet to Khani becoming the East Siberian Railway, the rest transferred to the management of the Far Eastern Railway. A major improvement was the opening of the 15,343-meter (9.534 mi) Severomuysky Tunnel on December 5, 2003. It is up to 1.5 kilometres (nearly 1 mile) deep. Construction took 27 years to complete. Prior to this, the corresponding route segment was long, with heavy slopes necessitating the use of auxiliary bank engine locomotives. With the resources boom of recent years and improving economic conditions in Russia, use

neg: Taksimo settlement of exile Ivan Barancheyev, who escaped from the settlement of Kirensk in the Lena mining area during rioting in 1905. He gradually wandered along the Vitim River and eventually settled in the area of present-day Taksimo in 1910. Barancheyev's outpost became a trading point for stagecoaches, although it was not until 1920 that other families moved to the area and founded the actual settlement. By 1934, the population of the Muysk Plateau exceeded 1,500. With the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM), the population grew and Taksimo was granted urban-type settlement status in 1989. With the opening of the

neg: Novy Uoyan south by 2012. Novy Uoyan Novy Uoyan () is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Severo-Baykalsky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located in the basin of the Upper Angara River, from Ulan-Ude, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,963. It was founded in the mid-1970s in conjunction with the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM), near the settlement of Uoyan on the left bank of the Upper Angara. The railway station and the settlement were constructed by workers from the then Lithuanian SSR, as sections of the track were given

neg: Novy Uoyan Novy Uoyan Novy Uoyan () is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Severo-Baykalsky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located in the basin of the Upper Angara River, from Ulan-Ude, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,963. It was founded in the mid-1970s in conjunction with the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM), near the settlement of Uoyan on the left bank of the Upper Angara. The railway station and the settlement were constructed by workers from the then Lithuanian SSR, as sections of the track were given patronage of Komsomol

neg: Severomuysk the construction of the long Severomuysky Tunnel on the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). It was granted urban-type settlement status in 1977. As the construction of the tunnel turned out to be more difficult than anticipated, construction was prolonged over twenty years and Severomuysk remained the logistical center for tunnel construction works for far longer than originally intended. With the economic downturn of the 1990s and the completion of the tunnel in 2003, the settlement lost over two thirds of its population. Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement (inhabited locality) of Severomuysk is incorporated within Muysky District as Severomuysk

neg: Baikal–Amur Mainline network. It is also intended that the BAM should become an alternative route for container transport between Europe and the Pacific, although the single-track nature of most of the route and the lack of suitable connections at the eastern end currently stand in the way. Currently under discussion is the construction of a bridge or tunnel under the Strait of Tartary to Sakhalin Island, with the possibility of the further construction of a bridge or tunnel from Sakhalin to Japan. A tunnel from the mainland to Sakhalin was previously begun under Joseph Stalin, but was abandoned after his death. A

neg: Dusse-Alin Tunnel Dusse-Alin Tunnel The Dusse-Alin Tunnel is a two-kilometre-long railway tunnel on the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM) in Siberia, 88 kilometres east of Novy Urgal. Here the line crosses the Bureinsky Ridge to enter the Amgun River valley. Work started in 1939. Gulag prisoners arrived on foot, provided only with hand tools, one horse and a single motorized cart. In 1940 the guard commander shot the chief engineer in the back, an act that was ruled an accident (the engineer, Konserov, had previously received an Order of Lenin for his work on the White Sea–Baltic Canal). Work stopped in 1942 and resumed

neg: Transport in Russia cement mixers were used for the construction of irrigation canals from 1979 to 1983. Fawn ballast tractors were imported from 1970 to the 1980s, and Komatsu dump trucks began to be imported in 1979. Magirus bonneted flatbed trucks and dump trucks were used in 1975 for the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM). By the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, priority was given to smaller cars (such as the Mercedes-Benz S-Class W116) as police cars, taxis and vans. However, most vehicles were Soviet-made cars: Moskvitch, GAZ-M20 Pobeda, GAZ, ZiL, VAZ, Izh and ZAZ automobiles, UAZ and LuAZ jeeps, RAF and

neg: Eurasian Land Bridge and known as the Baikal–Amur Mainline was mostly completed in 1989. It terminates at the Pacific ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan. Although this line is comparatively little used (the management mentions 6 million tons of freight per year, not indicating the year), the management expects the line to be fully used in the foreseeable future for oil and copper ore export, and has plans to double-track it. While the Trans-Siberian has always been used by the Czarist, Soviet and modern Russian government to project political power into their territories in Asia, in the 1960s it was opened by the

neg: Sovetskaya Gavan on a railway from the right bank of the Amur River near Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the Pacific coast, with Sovetskaya Gavan chosen as the endpoint. Sovetskaya Gavan was granted town status in 1941; the railway reached the town in 1945. This section of railway was the first section to be completed of what would later become the Baikal-Amur Mainline. From 1950 until 1954, the town was the site of the prison camp "Ulminlag" of the gulag system. In 1958, the town's northern neighborhood, on the Vanino Bay, was separated into a separate urban-type settlement of Vanino. In 1963-1964, six sounding rockets

neg: History of Siberia directed by a different administration than Gulag. Although Soviet camps hadn't the purpose to lead prisoners to death, the death rate was significant, especially in winters. The range of works differed from vegetable farming to construction of the Baikal Amur Mainline. In the second half of the 20th century, the exploration of mineral and hydroenergetic resources continued. Many of these projects were planned, but were delayed due to wars and the ever-changing opinions of Soviet politicians. The most famous project is Baikal Amur Mainline. It was planned simultaneously with Trans-Siberian, but the construction began just before World War II, was

neg: Sakhalin Tunnel and Cape Lasarev was planned to be around . On the mainland, a rail line was to be constructed to the railway connecting Komsomolsk-on-Amur with Sovetskaya Gavan, now a section of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The project was planned for completion by the end of 1953 and to be in full operation by the end of 1955. Annual goods traffic on the line was projected to reach four million tonnes. The project included three separate constructions—mainland and island railway links, connecting with the rest of railroad network (Building 507 and 506 respectively) and tunnel itself (Building 6 of MPS). Railway characteristics

neg: Nizhneangarsk Nizhneangarsk Nizhneangarsk (; , "Doodo Angar") is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Severo-Baykalsky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Baikal, north of Severobaykalsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 5,030. It was founded in 1643 by the Russian explorer Semyon Skorokhod and was originally called Verkhneangarsk (), after the fort built here by Vasily Kolesnik in 1646. In the 1970s, it was planned to make Nizhneangarsk the headquarters of the western end of the Baikal–Amur Mainline, but the marshy ground made it hard to

neg: Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union SSR. In 1946, 49 labor camps for Japanese POWs under the management of GUPVI housed about 500,000 persons. In addition there were two camps for those convicted of various crimes. Handling of Japanese POWs was, in line with the USSR State Defense Committee Decree no. 9898cc "About Receiving, Accommodation, and Labor Utilization of the Japanese Army Prisoners of War" ("О приеме, размещении, трудовом использовании военнопленных японской армии") dated by 23 August 1945. A significant number of Japanese were assigned to the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (over 200,000 persons), in eight camps, in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (two camps, for two railroad branches),

neg: Rail transport in Russia Ring of the Moscow Railway 1969 - the line of Verbilki - Dubna 1978 - Rostov-Krasnodar - Tuapse; Yurovsky - Anapa 2003 - the Baikal-Amur Mainline; 2013 - Adler - Rosa Farm 2016 - Moscow Central Ring 2017 - The railway line bypassing Ukraine 2017 - the Amur-Yakutsk railway. 2019 - Railway bridge to the Crimea 2023 - BCM Moscow - Kazan (draft) 2023 - Northern Latitudinal Railway (project) 2030 - Magadan Highway (Lower Bestyah - Moma - Magadan) (project) Russian Railways accounts for 2.5% of Russia's GDP and employs 800,000 people. The percentage of passenger traffic that goes by

neg: Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links the main Japanese island of Honshu. The Seikan Tunnel has provided a rail link from the main Japanese Island of Honshu to the northernmost Japanese island of Hokkaido since 1988. The proposed Sakhalin-Hokkaido Tunnel would link Hokkaido to the Russian island of Sakhalin. When combined with the proposed Sakhalin Tunnel between Sakhalin and the Russian Mainland and an extension of the Baikal Amur Mainline this would give a rail link from Japan to Russia and the mainland of Asia. The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau_Bridge links Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau in China. Opened in 24 October, 2018, it is the longest fixed

neg: Sovetskaya Gavan town has a deep water port for cargo and fishing vessels, as well as ship repair facilities. There is also some foodstuffs production, such as fish processing. In 1973, Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry to the island Sakhalin was opened, joining the mainland at Vanino, north of Sovetskaya Gavan. Whilst this diminished Sovetskaya Gavan's importance as a trading port, until the 1990s it remained an important supply harbor for the Russian Pacific Fleet. Sovetskaya Gavan is connected by rail with Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the section of line being the most easterly section of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The town is served by Kamenny Ruchey naval

neg: East Siberian Railway in the world (). The station building at Slyudyanka railway station of the East Siberian Railway is the only railway station in the world made completely of marble. East Siberian Railway The East Siberian Railway () is a railway in Russia (a branch of the Russian Railways and a part of the Trans-Siberian Railway), which runs across Irkutsk Oblast, Chita Oblast, Buryatia, and Yakutia. The railway administration is located in Irkutsk. The East Siberian Railway borders with the Krasnoyarsk Railway (railway station of Yurty), Trans-Baikal Railway (railway station of Petrovsky Zavod), and Baikal Amur Mainline (railway station of Lena-Vostochnaya). To

neg: East Siberian Railway East Siberian Railway The East Siberian Railway () is a railway in Russia (a branch of the Russian Railways and a part of the Trans-Siberian Railway), which runs across Irkutsk Oblast, Chita Oblast, Buryatia, and Yakutia. The railway administration is located in Irkutsk. The East Siberian Railway borders with the Krasnoyarsk Railway (railway station of Yurty), Trans-Baikal Railway (railway station of Petrovsky Zavod), and Baikal Amur Mainline (railway station of Lena-Vostochnaya). To the south, the East Siberian Railway runs close to the Russo-Mongolian border (railway station of Naushki). As of 2008, the total working length of the East Siberian Railway

neg: Sakha Republic Oblast. Air transport is the most important for transporting people. Airlines connect the republic with most regions of Russia. Yakutsk Airport has an international terminal. Two federal roads pass the republic. They are Yakutsk–Skovorodino (A360 Lena highway) and Yakutsk–Magadan (M56 Kolyma Highway). However, due to the presence of permafrost, use of asphalt is not practical, and therefore the roads are made of clay. When heavy rains blow over the region, the roads often turn to mud, sometimes stranding hundreds of travelers in the process. The Berkakit–Tommot railroad is currently in operation. It links the Baikal Amur Mainline with the industrial

neg: Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" active participants in the construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway, on the rail section Bam – Tynda – Berkakit, on the second rail section Taishet – Lena, in the production facilities, in the building of housing for the civilian workers, for good work in construction, for high-quality designs and survey work, for honest work at enterprises, institutions and organizations directly supporting the construction efforts and the workers. The medal was usually awarded to workers, engineering-technical workers and employees who worked on the project in its construction, design or for its maintenance for at least three years. Recommendations for award of the

neg: Iosif Shklovsky a Corresponding Member of Soviet Academy of Sciences since 1966. Shklovsky was born in Hlukhiv, a city in the Ukrainian part of the Russian Empire, into a poor Ukrainian Jewish family. After graduating from the seven-year secondary school, he worked as a foreman on building Baikal Amur Mainline. In 1933 Shklovsky entered the Physico-Mathematical Faculty of the Moscow State University. There he studied until 1938, when he took a Postgraduate Course at the Astrophysics Department of the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute and remained working in the Institute until the end of his life. He died in Moscow, aged 68. He

neg: Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" construction helmet, the woman being closer and slightly to the right. On the reverse, the Sun over railroad tracks intersected by a ribbon bearing the inscription "BAM" () framed by a laurel wreath with the hammer and sickle at the top. The medal was secured to a standard Soviet pentagonal mount by a ring through the medal suspension loop. The mount was covered by a 24 mm wide overlapping silk moiré ribbon with 1 mm wide light green edge stripes, three 3 mm wide central yellow stripes separated by two 0,5 mm grey stripes, bordered by two 6 mm wide

neg: Vostochny Port (company) was accomplished as part of the phase 3 project. During the 2nd Eastern Economic Forum, the port was visited by a delegation of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation with Transport Minister Maxim Sokolov. The execution of the JSC "Vostochny Port" phase 3 investment project will ensure the timely and high-quality processing of permanently-growing coal cargo traffic that comes from the Baikal-Amur Mainline and Trans-Siberian Railway, and it will increase cargo turnover with countries in the Asia-Pacific region. At the "Transport of Russia 2016" exhibition, Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev was informed of the execution

neg: Komsomolsk-on-Amur road-rail bridge on the future Baikal-Amur Mainline was conducted around the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, being under construction then. An exploration team of experts from the Institute Lengiprotransmost offered three main options of the crossing up to the village of Pivan' within the future city: above, below and within the city limits. Before the bridge was opened for traffic, a regular ferry service had operated. After the opening of the railway line Khabarovsk — Komsomolsk-on-Amur — Sovetskaya Gavan, the automobiles had to cross the Amur River by railway ferries: "Project 723", "Volga" (until 1952 — "The ferry number 1"), "Don" (until 1952 —

neg: Skovorodino, Amur Oblast Skovorodino, Amur Oblast Skovorodino () is a town and the administrative center of Skovorodinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia, located in the upper stream of the Bolshoy Never River northwest of Blagoveshchensk, the administrative center of the oblast. Skovorodino is located from the border with Heilongjiang, China. Population: The nearest significant town is Tynda, about to the north on the Baikal-Amur Mainline. It was founded in 1908 as the settlement of Zmeiny () during the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It was then renamed Never-1 () after the nearby river. In 1911, it was once again renamed and became Rukhlovo

neg: Komsomolsk-on-Amur road-rail bridge "The ferry number 2"), "Amur" and "Komsomolsk". During the winter months, ice was additionally frozen, and crossing was possible along temporary rails over ice. Since 1961, the ferries were led by icebreakers to extend navigation in autumn and winter. Construction of the bridge started in 1969. In October 1974, the last pier was erected — as there were nine in number. The installation of the last span was finished on 1 August 1975. On 26 September 1975, the main bridge of the Baikal-Amur Mainline was solemnly opened to rail traffic. At midday, a passenger train from the station of Komsomolsk-on-Amur

neg: History of Russia petroleum and natural gas. Soviet science and industry peaked in the Khrushchev and Brezhnev years. The world's first nuclear power plant was established in 1954 in Obninsk, and the Baikal Amur Mainline was built. The Soviet space program, founded by Sergey Korolev, was especially successful. On 4 October 1957 Soviet Union launched the first space satellite Sputnik. On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space in the Soviet spaceship Vostok 1. Other achievements of Russian space program include: the first photo of the far side of the Moon; exploration of Venus; the first spacewalk

neg: Kirenga River Kirenga River Kirenga River () is a river in Irkutsk Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Lena which flows north between the upper Lena and Lake Baikal. The length of the river is . The area of its basin is . The Kirenga River freezes up in late October to early November and stays under the ice until late April to May. Its main tributaries are the Ulkan, Minya, and Khanda. The Kirenga River begins in the Baikal Mountains west of Lake Baikal, a few dozen kilometres north of the source of the Lena. The Baikal Amur Mainline

neg: Zolotinka Zolotinka Zolotinka (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Neryungrinsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Neryungri, the administrative center of the district, in the southern reaches of the Aldan Highlands, on the Kholodnikan River, close to where it flows into the Iyengra, a tributary of the Timpton. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 552. The name "Zolotinka", which literally means "a gold flake" in Russian, refers to the gold reserves found in the area. Zolotinka was founded in the mid-1970s in conjunction with the construction of the railway linking the Baikal–Amur Mainline

neg: Tynda municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians make up the majority of the town's population. Around 1,500 North Korean loggers worked in the region as of 2007, strictly prohibited from speaking with journalists and residing in isolated camps which are closed to all other people. However, it is possible for an individual to contact local police or bribe a local crime syndicate in order to meet with the North Korean workers. Tynda is the crossing point for the Baikal-Amur Mainline and Amur Yakutsk Mainline railways, the town's station is one of the most

neg: Severobaykalsk in 1984 the town had a partnership with Leningrad. Since completion of the Baikal Amur Mainline the town has been in decline, with many projects cancelled during Perestroika. Population reached a high with an estimated 35,000 inhabitants in the 1980s and subsequently declined. As the town was founded mostly by volunteers of the Komsomol the population is relatively young. Ninety percent of the population is Russian Orthodox and ten percent are Buryats. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of republic significance of Severobaikalsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.

neg: Amur–Yakutsk Mainline Chinese construction companies, had expressed interest in financing construction of the bridge. Future plans have been proposed for the extension of the railway line further to the east, towards the Kolyma region, Magadan and even Chukotka and a Bering Strait crossing which would link Russia with the United States. The Russian government in 2011 approved the construction of a US$65 billion Siberia-Alaska rail link and a tunnel across the Bering Strait. There are dreams among railroad enthusiasts about high speed trains between Europe and United States through Russia, but the Amur–Yakutsk Mainline is mostly too curvy to allow any high

neg: Vitim River settlement. Mamakan, on a west-flowing stretch south-southeast of Vitim. In 1961 a 86MW dam on a left tributary was completed, one of the first dams built on permafrost. Bodaybo, just upstream, a gold mining center founded in 1864. Upstream, the port of Luzhki was the start of a road to the Lena gold fields. From here upstream the river goes crookedly east and then south. About upstream from Bodaybo are the Uronsky Rapids and after more, the Parama Rapids. About or so upstream, the Vitim is crossed by the Baikal Amur Mainline between Taksimo and Kuanda. Upriver there are more

neg: Corporate and Project Management Research Institute school and practices of corporate and project management by way of consolidating unique Soviet experience, integrating it with the best international practices and adapting to modern requirements and realities. The mission is the creation of a modern Russian school of corporate and project management. The aims: The CPMI team includes experts with ten to forty years of professional experience. These are the specialists who built the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the Olympic Sochi, who participated in the construction of sites for such companies as Gazprom, Sberbank, Rosneft and others. The main objective of the Boards of Experts is to identify relevant problems

neg: Bureya River Bureya River The Bureya River () is a long south-flowing tributary of the Amur River. Its name comes from the Evenk word "birija", meaning river. It is formed from the junction of the Pravaya (right) Bureya and the Levaya (left) Bureya. Its basin is bounded by: west: Turana Range and Zeya River, south: Amur River, east: Bureinskiy Range, Urmi River and Amgun River, north: Ezop Range and several rivers that flow northeast into the Sea of Okhotsk. There are no cities on the river, the largest settlements on the river are Novy Urgal on the Baikal Amur Mainline and, Novobureysky

neg: History of Siberia himself in 1643 to the south of the Baikal Mountains and discovered Lake Baikal, visiting its Olkhon Island. Subsequently, Ivanov made the first chart and description of Baikal. In 1643, Vasily Poyarkov crossed the Stanovoy Range and reached the upper Zeya River in the country of the Daurs, who were paying tribute to Manchu Chinese. After wintering, in 1644 Poyarkov pushed down the Zeya and became the first Russian to reach the Amur River. He sailed down the Amur and finally discovered the mouth of that great river from land. Since his Cossacks provoked the enmity of the locals behind,

neg: Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" The Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" () was a civilian award of the Soviet Union established on October 8, 1976 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to recognise active participation in the construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway, a huge multi year project under the leadership of then Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev. The medal's statute was amended on July 18, 1980 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR № 2523-X. The Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" was awarded to

neg: Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" dark green stripes. The individuals below were recipients of the Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway". Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" The Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway" () was a civilian award of the Soviet Union established on October 8, 1976 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to recognise active participation in the construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway, a huge multi year project under the leadership of then Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev. The medal's statute was amended on July 18, 1980 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme

neg: Far Eastern Railway and the neighboring Harbin Railway and coordination of joint efforts in restoring and modernizing railway stations allows to forecast an almost two-fold increase of freight traffic by 2010 in South Primorye. Far Eastern Railway Far Eastern Railway () is a railway in Russia that crosses Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Yakutia. The railway administration is located in Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Railway borders with the Transbaikal Railway at Arkhara Station and Baikal Amur Mainline at Izvestkovaya) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur Stations. There are 365 railway stations along the Far Eastern Railway and two border crossings: Grodekovo (Russo-Chinese

neg: Far Eastern Railway Far Eastern Railway Far Eastern Railway () is a railway in Russia that crosses Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Yakutia. The railway administration is located in Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Railway borders with the Transbaikal Railway at Arkhara Station and Baikal Amur Mainline at Izvestkovaya) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur Stations. There are 365 railway stations along the Far Eastern Railway and two border crossings: Grodekovo (Russo-Chinese border) and Khasan (a border between Russia and North Korea). The Railway consists of four divisions: the Khabarovsk Railway Division, Vladivostok Railway Division, Komsomolskoye Railway Division, and Tynda Railway Division. The

neg: Tynda Tynda Tynda () is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Blagoveshchensk. It is an important railway junction, informally referred to as the capital of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Its population has declined sharply in recent years: The name is of Evenk origin and is roughly translated as "on the river bank". The town is located at an elevation of above sea level, near where the Getkan joins the Tynda River, after which the town was named. The Tynda then flows into the Gilyuy, a tributary of the Zeya, a few kilometers east of the town. The settlement of

neg: Khani, Sakha Republic Khani, Sakha Republic Khani (; , "Xani") is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Neryungrinsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Neryungri, the administrative center of the district, in close proximity to the borders with Amur Oblast and Zabaykalsky Krai. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 764. It was founded in the late 1970s, during the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline, and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1981. Around two thirds of the residents left after the completion of the railway in the late 1980s, with the population dropping drastically between 1989 and present.

neg: Dervla Murphy 71, Murphy planned to cycle in the Ussuriland region of eastern Russia. She broke her knee while on the Baikal Amur Mainline railway, then tore a calf muscle while recuperating at Lake Baikal, and her plans changed to a journey around Siberia by train, boat and bus, documented in "Through Siberia by Accident". She revisited Siberia and wrote a companion book, "Silverland". In 2005, she visited Cuba with her daughter and three granddaughters, and made two return trips in 2006 and 2007 (described in "The Island that Dared"). Her Havana experiences are also featured in a collection of traveller's tales.

neg: National Guard Naval Service Corps 5, 1976 Resolution "On the Protection of artificial structures on the Trans-Baikal and Far Eastern Railways" of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The resolution created an interdepartmental commission for inspection of underwater structures and make recommendations for their protection. As a result, problems have been identified for both the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway, providing the basis for the 1978 formation of the first units of boats and naval divers of what was then the "Naval Service of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics"