query: who got both bharat ratna and nobel prize

pos: Bharat Ratna to be honoured posthumously. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and former South African President Nelson Mandela. On 24 December 2014, the Indian government announced the award to independence activist Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended from

pos: Bharat Ratna Bose in 1992, who went missing since 18 August 1945. Similarly in 2015, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to award Madan Mohan Malaviya, who died in 1946, met with criticism. Janardan Dwivedi, politician of the Indian National Congress, said that Malaviya, who worked predominantly in Varanasi, was "deliberately chosen" by the Prime Minister Modi, who is the incumbent Member of Parliament from Varanasi. A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition. The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

pos: Holy Spirit Church Nandakhal the history of Nandakhal and never forgotten. Nobel Prize winner Bharat Ratna, Saint Mother Teresa visited the Nandakhal parish. On 10 May 1988 new center were established at Bolinj When Fr. Edwin Colaco was Paris Priest and Fr. Joe Gonsalves was Principal. The old school building was demolished and the construction of the building was done in that place and on 9 December this was inaugurated. On 1 January 1990, a new prayer center was started at Jeladi. On 3 November 1991, a new concrete cemetery was built on the west side near the pond. Monsignor Mendis hall was constructed

pos: Bharat Ratna which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete

neg: Bharat Ratna Satyajit Ray received an Academy Honorary Award in 1992 followed by the Bharat Ratna the same year. In 1999, Amartya Sen was awarded the Bharat Ratna, a year after his 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The award was proposed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K. R. Narayanan who agreed to the proposal. Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President, there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. In January 2008, Bharatiya Janata

neg: Nelson Mandela accolades, prizes, honorary degrees and citizenships in recognition of his political achievements. Among his awards were the Nobel Peace Prize, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize, and the Libyan Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights. In 1990, India awarded him the Bharat Ratna, and in 1992 Pakistan gave him their Nishan-e-Pakistan. The same year, he was awarded the Atatürk Peace Award by Turkey; he at first refused the award, citing human rights violations committed by Turkey at the time, but later accepted the award in 1999. He was appointed to the Order of Isabella

neg: C. V. Raman C. V. Raman Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India presently the state of Tamil Nadu, who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, India honoured him with its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. C.V. Raman was born in a Telugu speaking

neg: Maurice Dobb of the Soviet Union in 1991, Dobb started to question his earlier devotion to Russia’s economics. His communist ideals, however, did not die with him. Dobb had two notable students, Amartya Sen and Eric Hobsbawm. Sen won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 and Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics, as well as the inaugural Charleston-EFG John Maynard Keynes Prize in recognition of his work on welfare economics. Sen is also a fellow at Trinity College, much like Dobb was. Hobsbawm attended the University of Cambridge, like Dobb, and was a Marxist historiographer

neg: Bacha Khan Province and Balochistan. He was arrested by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's government at Multan in November 1973 and described Bhuttos government as "the worst kind of dictatorship". In 1984, increasingly withdrawing from politics he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. He visited India and participated in the centennial celebrations of the Indian National Congress in 1985; he was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1967 and later Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1987. His final major political challenge was against the Kalabagh dam project, fearing that the project would damage the Peshawar valley,

neg: M. S. Subbulakshmi of the royalties on several best sold records to many charity organisations. M. S. Subbulakshmi Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer from Madurai, Tamil Nadu. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. She is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award, often considered Asia's Nobel Prize, in 1974 with the citation reading "Exacting purists acknowledge Srimati M. S. Subbulakshmi as the leading exponent of classical and semi-classical songs in the carnatic tradition of South India." Subbulakshmi (Kunjamma to her

neg: M. S. Subbulakshmi M. S. Subbulakshmi Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer from Madurai, Tamil Nadu. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. She is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award, often considered Asia's Nobel Prize, in 1974 with the citation reading "Exacting purists acknowledge Srimati M. S. Subbulakshmi as the leading exponent of classical and semi-classical songs in the carnatic tradition of South India." Subbulakshmi (Kunjamma to her family) was born on 16 September 1916 in Madurai, Madras Presidency, India

neg: Bharat Ratna receive a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal-leaf–shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C. V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual

neg: Bharat Ratna a prefix or suffix to their name, although recipients may use either the expressions "Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President" or "Recipient of Bharat Ratna Award" to indicate that they have been honoured with the award. The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. As with many official announcements, recipients are announced and registered in "The Gazette of India", a publication released by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices; without publication in the "Gazette", conferral of the award is not considered official. Recipients whose awards have been

neg: Bharat Ratna Bharat Ratna The Bharat Ratna (; "Jewel of India") is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients

neg: V. V. Giri election of 1974. Giri was honoured with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1975 for his contributions in the area of public affairs. As president, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1972. Giri was in turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Gandhi, in an act seen as a quid pro quo measure. Giri was the fourth of five of Presidents of India to have been conferred the Bharat Ratna. Giri died of a heart attack in Madras on 24 June 1980. He was

neg: Bharat Ratna the Dalits. The posthumous conferments of the award on the recipients who died before the Indian independence in 1947 or the award was instituted in 1954 have been criticised by historians. It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka, Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda, and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96) was criticised for bestowing the award upon Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991, 41 years after his death in 1950; and upon Subhas Chandra

neg: Bharat Ratna revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are registered in the "Gazette". Recipients whose awards have been revoked are required to surrender their medals, and their names are struck from the register. The original 1954 specifications of the award was a circle made of gold in diameter with a centred sun burst design on the obverse side. The text "Bharat Ratna", in Devanagari Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. A platinum State Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the

neg: Bharat Ratna D.H. Waghela and Justice B.V. Nagarathna dismissed the petition stating that the subject is not amenable to any adjudication process and the nominations and conferment process is stated to be informal and in the discretion of the highest authority in the Government. Posthumous recipients Bharat Ratna The Bharat Ratna (; "Jewel of India") is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and

neg: Bharat Ratna A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgement that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution". Following the announcement, in November 2013, that C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar were to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, multiple PILs were filed challenging the conferring of the award. The PIL filed against Rao declared that other Indian scientists, such as Homi Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai, had contributed more

neg: Bharat Ratna than Rao and his claim of publishing 1400 research papers was "physically impossible". The suit stated that as Rao had proven cases of plagiarism, he should not be presented with the award but rather should be annulled. The PIL filed against Tendulkar to the Election Commission under the Right to Information Act indicated that the awarding him the Bharat Ratna was a violation of the model code of conduct. The petitioner noted that as Tendulkar was an Indian National Congress nominated Member of Rajya Sabha, the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna would influence the voters of Delhi, Rajasthan,

neg: Bharat Ratna and "Satyameva Jayate" on the reverse side. A white ribbon is attached to the medal so it can be worn around the neck. In 1957, the silver-gilt decoration was changed to burnished bronze. The Bharat Ratna medals are produced at Alipore Mint, Kolkata along with the other civilian and military awards like Padma Vibushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Param Veer Chakra. The Bharat Ratna has been surrounded by several controversies and multiple Public-Interest Litigations (PIL) had been filed against the conferral of the award. On 23 January 1992, a press release was published by the President's Secretariat to confer

neg: Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium (formerly Ekana International Cricket Stadium) is an international standard cricket stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It is a stadium under public-private partnership, built during Samajwadi Party's Government lead by Akhilesh Yadav. With a seating capacity of 50,000, it is the third largest international cricket stadium in India. Formerly known as the Ekana International Cricket Stadium, it was completed and inaugurated by then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav and was renamed in honor of the late Atal Bihari Vajpayee, a former

neg: Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium were done through the municipality, including VIP rooms, gymnasiums and all-weather stadium galleries. Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium The Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium is a cricket stadium in Baramati, Pune district, Maharashtra, India. This stadium is available for national-international matches. This stadium was completed by the former Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar. The stadium started construction in 1991, Babasaheb Ambedkar's birth centenary. In 2016, Ambedkar's Silver Jubilee Celebration (125th Ambedkar Jayanti) was inaugurated on the eve of the stadium's debut. The inauguration ceremony was officiated by cricket player, Sachin Tendulkar on April 6, 2016. Rohit Sharma, Ajinkya

neg: Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium The Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Stadium is a cricket stadium in Baramati, Pune district, Maharashtra, India. This stadium is available for national-international matches. This stadium was completed by the former Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar. The stadium started construction in 1991, Babasaheb Ambedkar's birth centenary. In 2016, Ambedkar's Silver Jubilee Celebration (125th Ambedkar Jayanti) was inaugurated on the eve of the stadium's debut. The inauguration ceremony was officiated by cricket player, Sachin Tendulkar on April 6, 2016. Rohit Sharma, Ajinkya Rahane, Wasim Jaffer, Amol Muzumdar, Ajit Agarkar, Sharad Pawar and Supriya Sule were

neg: Indian Institute of Science Science and Technology awarded to Indians who have made outstanding contributions under 45 years of age. In spite of these achievements, no alumnus or serving faculty member of IISc has won either a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal, although C. V. Raman did win a Nobel Prize before becoming the Institute's first Indian director. The Indian Institute of Science collaborates with various government organisations like the DRDO, the ISRO, Bharat Electronics Limited, Aeronautical Development Agency, National Aerospace Laboratories, CSIR, Department of IT (Government of India), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, etc. IISc also works in collaboration with private

neg: India–South Africa relations African leader Nelson Mandela was awarded the Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize and Bharat Ratna by the Indian government. Both nations have also promoted sporting ties, with the Indian national cricket team and the South Africa national cricket team frequently exchanging visits and participating in cricket tournaments hosted by either country. Bilateral trade grew exponentially from US$3 million in 1992–1993 to $4 billion in 2005–2006, and the two governments have targeted increasing bilateral trade to $12 billion by 2010. Gold bullion constitute one-third of India's imports from South Africa, while India polishes and processes diamonds from South African mines. South Africa

neg: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 11th president of the Republic of India in an easy victory, and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July. Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the President. Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr Zakir Hussain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan. During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the "People's President", saying that

neg: Bharat Ratna award for the independence activist Vinayak Damodar Savarkar stating that he had been "deliberately neglected by previous governments" but his family clarified that they are not making such demand and that the freedom fighter is known for his contribution towards independence movement and did not need an award for recognition. Per the original statutes, sportspersons were not eligible for the Bharat Ratna; however, a revision of the rules in December 2011 made eligible "any field of human endeavour". Subsequently, several sportspersons' names were discussed; among the most talked-about of these was field-hockey player Dhyan Chand, who was recommended multiple times

neg: Nandana Sen herself and began to cultivate a reputation for being drawn to offbeat, challenging, and demanding roles, often with a social or political theme. Sen is the daughter of Nobel Laureate and Bharat Ratna economist Amartya Sen and Padma Shri winner Nabanita Dev Sen, one of the most prominent authors in contemporary Bengali literature. Her elder sister Antara Dev Sen is a journalist. Nandana Sen's first piece of writing was published when she was a child in the magazine "Sandesh", selected by Satyajit Ray. She spent her growing years in various cities across Europe, India and America. Nandana Sen studied literature

neg: Indian people In modern times, Indian people have continued to contribute to mathematics, sciences and astrophysics. Among them are Satyendra Nath Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Meghnad Saha, Homi J. Bhabha, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis and notable Nobel Prize recipients C. V. Raman, Har Gobind Khorana, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who is notable for currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars, including black holes. Bharat Mata (Hindi, from Sanskrit , "Bhārata Mātā"), "Mother India", or "Bhāratāmbā" (from अंबा "ambā" 'mother') is the national personification of India as a mother goddess. The image of Bharat Mata formed with

neg: Raman School Bhopal Raman School Bhopal Raman Higher Secondary School was one of the oldest schools in Bhopal. This school was established in 1963 by Bharat Heavy Electrical Education Society (now part of BHEL Shiksha Mandal Bhopal, with funding from the public sector engineering company Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) Bhopal. The school was named after C. V. Raman, an Indian scientist who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect. Established in 1963, the school has witnessed an array of changes and modifications. At first the

neg: Raman School Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. It was the only Board school of Bhopal having ISO certification. Raman School Bhopal Raman Higher Secondary School was one of the oldest schools in Bhopal. This school was established in 1963 by Bharat Heavy Electrical Education Society (now part of BHEL Shiksha Mandal Bhopal, with funding from the public sector engineering company Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) Bhopal. The school was named after C. V. Raman, an Indian scientist who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect. Established in 1963,

neg: Andre Geim him the first person to win, as an individual, both a Nobel Prize and an Ig Nobel Prize. On winning both a Nobel and Ig Nobel, he has stated that Geim was one of 38 Nobel laureates who signed a declaration in 2010 issued by Scholars for Peace in the Middle East condemning international attempts to boycott Israeli academics, institutions, and research centers. At the "Nobel Minds" symposium in December 2010, Geim said the Nobel Peace Prize committee's choice of Chinese dissident, the imprisoned Liu Xiaobo, as winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, was patronising, saying "Look at the people

neg: Indian Institute of Science government and private agencies. IISc has produced alumni who have held significant academic and industry positions around the globe: Two former directors, C. V. Raman and C. N. R. Rao, have been awarded India's highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna. Four former directors, Sir A. G. Bourne, Sir Martin O. Forster, C. V. Raman and J. C. Ghosh, have been knighted. Among the IISc alumni, there are three Rhodes Scholars, several Fellows of the Royal Society, and thousands of members of Indian and foreign Academy of Sciences. Hundreds of IISc faculty members have also received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for

neg: Frances Arnold peptides and antibodies." She is the first female graduate of Princeton to be awarded a Nobel Prize and the first person who got their undergraduate degree from Princeton (male or female) to receive a Nobel Prize in one of the natural sciences categories (chemistry, physics, and physiology of medicine). Frances Arnold Frances Hamilton Arnold (born July 25, 1956) is an American chemical engineer and Nobel Laureate. She is the Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In 2018, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering the use of

neg: Martin Chalfie Nobel Prize Committee. When he woke up, he knew the prize would have been announced already, so he said "Okay, who's the schnook that got the Prize this time?" And so he opened up his laptop, got to the Nobel Prize site and found out that he was the schnook! In 2015, Chalfie signed the "Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change" on the final day of the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part of the successful COP21 climate

neg: Raj Ratna came to an end mostly by the end of year 1949 with the amalgamation of almost all Princely States into India and formation of the Republic of India However, the legacy, spirit and essence of these awards are being carried forward in independent India, by similar other prestigious awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri awarded by Government of India. Raj Ratna Raj Ratna / Raj Ratan / Rajya Ratna (literally "Gem of the Raj"), was a highest title of honor or civilian award, which was prevalent in Princely India during British Raj. "Raj Ratna" awards

neg: Nobel Prize in Literature analyze its importance on potential future Nobel Prize in Literature laureates. Only Alice Munro (2009) has been awarded with both. The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is regarded as one of the most prestigious international literary prizes, often referred to as the American equivalent to the Nobel Prize. Like the Nobel or the Man Booker International Prize, it is awarded not for any one work, but for an entire body of work. It is frequently seen as an indicator of who may be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Gabriel García Márquez (1972 Neustadt, 1982 Nobel), Czesław Miłosz (1978 Neustadt,

neg: Satyajit Ray Trilogy". Ray did the scripting, casting, scoring, and editing, and designed his own credit titles and publicity material. Ray received many major awards in his career, including 32 Indian National Film Awards, a Golden Lion, a Golden Bear, 2 Silver Bears, a number of additional awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies, and an Academy Honorary Award in 1992. The Government of India honored him with the Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian award, in 1992. Ray had received all the honourable Indian awards, including Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards. In 2004, Ray was ranked number 13 in BBC's poll

neg: S. Aishwarya Narendra Modi at his residence on Sep 19th 2017. S.Aishwarya and her sister S.Saundarya sang the Prayer at the launch of Bharat Ratna M.S.Subbulakshmi Rs 100 coin by the Vice President of India Sri Venkaiah Naidu . S. Aishwarya S.Aishwarya born on 27 October 1995 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu is an Indian singer of traditional Carnatic music. She is the great-granddaughter of Bharat Ratna M.S. Subbulakshmi. and the grand daughter of Sangeetha Ratnakara Dr.Radha Viswanathan and is the torch bearer of the MS Legacy. Aishwarya was born to Geetha Shrinivasan and V. Shrinivasan into the family of M.S. Subbulakshmi and

neg: Bharat Ratna Bose from 18 August 1945 till date, based on the information collected by the 1956 Shah Nawaz Committee and the 1970 Khosla Commission. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award. To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. The Solicitor General noted that to confer the award per the appropriate regulations pertaining to the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, the name of the recipient must be published in "The Gazette of India" and entered in the recipients register maintained under

neg: Bharat Ratna government. A PIL was filed in the Karnataka High Court where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the Ministry of Home Affairs to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon Mahatma Gandhi. On 27 January 2014, a counsel appearing for the petitioner noted that after multiple representations from the petitioner, they were provided with the information under RTI that the recommendations to confer the award on Gandhi have been received multiple times in the past and were forwarded to the Prime Minister's Office. A Division bench comprising Chief Justice

neg: Bharat Ratna reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge. A year later, the design was modified. The current medal is in the shape of a peepal leaf, approximately long, wide and thick and rimmed in platinum. The embossed sun burst design, made of platinum, on the obverse side of the medal has a diameter of with rays spreading out from to from the center of the Sun. The words "Bharat Ratna" on the obverse side remained the same as the 1954 design as did the emblem of India

neg: Bharat Ratna one in the Kerala High Court and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court, challenging the "constitutional validity" of the awards. The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation. The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations. In December 2011, the rules were changed to include "any field of human endeavour". The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards,

neg: Lata Mangeshkar Later in the 1960s, she composed music for following Marathi movies under the pseudonym of Anand Ghan. She won Maharashtra State Government's Best Music Director Award for the film "Sadhi Manase". The song "Airanichya Deva Tula" from the same film received best song award. Lata Mangeshkar has produced four films: Lata Mangeshkar has won several awards and honours, including Bharat Ratna (India's Highest Civilian Award), Padma Bhushan (1969), Padma Vibhushan (1999), Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1989), Maharashtra Bhushan Award (1997), NTR National Award (1999), Bharat Ratna (2001), Legion of Honour (2007), ANR National Award (2009), three National Film Awards and 15

neg: Padma Vibhushan Chand Jain (2011) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi (2016) declined their posthumous conferments, and Baba Amte returned his 1986 conferment in 1991. Most recently on 25 January 2018, the award has been bestowed upon three recipients; Ilaiyaraaja, Ghulam Mustafa Khan, and P. Parameswaran. On 2 January 1954, a press release was published from the office of the secretary to the President of India announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna.

neg: Bharat Ratna Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Mizoram where the election process was underway at the time. Another PIL was filed against Tendulkar and a few ministers, "alleging a conspiracy to ignore" an Indian field hockey player Dhyan Chand." On 4 December 2013, the Election Commission rejected the petition stating that conferring the award on people from non-polling states did not amount to a violation of the code. Other High Courts as well rejected the petitions raised against Rao and Tendulkar. In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on film actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil

neg: Bharat Ratna award have met with criticism. The posthumous award for M. G. Ramachandran (1988) was considered to have been aimed at placating the voters for the upcoming assembly election and posthumous awards of Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015) and Vallabhbhai Patel (1991) drew criticism for they died before the award was instituted. On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III),

neg: Nobel Prize in Literature 1980 Nobel), Octavio Paz (1982 Neustadt, 1990 Nobel), Tomas Tranströmer (1990 Neustadt, 2011 Nobel) were first awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature before being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Another award of note is the Spanish Princess of Asturias Award (formerly Prince of Asturias Award) in Letters. During the first years of its existence it was almost exclusively awarded to writers in the Spanish language, but in more recent times writers in other languages have been awarded as well. Writers who have won both the Asturias Award in Letters and the Nobel Prize in Literature include Camilo José

neg: Science and technology in Hungary and Economics's research activities encouraged and is present on all levels from the B.Sc. through to the doctoral level. During the 1980s the BUTE was among the first in the "Eastern block" to recognise the importance of participating in research activities with institutions in Western Europe. Consequently, the university has the most well-established research relationships with Western European universities. There are many famous alumni at university: Dennis Gabor who was the inventor of holography got his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971, George Oláh got his Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994. Nowadays the university has 110 departments, 1100 lecturers,

neg: Nobel Prize in Literature Cela, Günter Grass, Doris Lessing and Mario Vargas Llosa. The America Award in Literature, which does not include a monetary prize, presents itself as an alternative to the Nobel Prize in Literature. To date, Harold Pinter and José Saramago are the only writers to have received both the America Award and the Nobel Prize in Literature. There are also prizes for honouring the lifetime achievement of writers in specific languages, like the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (for Spanish language, established in 1976) and the Camões Prize (for Portuguese language, established in 1989). Nobel laureates who were also awarded the Miguel

neg: Bombay Lakshmi Rajagopalan tender age, she won a major competition and awarded a prize at the age of eight from Bharat Ratna M. S. Subbulakshmi. She was in managerial cadre with Bank of Baroda and took VRS to pursue her career in Carnatic Music. Lakshmi does not keep any notes or hints during the Kacheri which reveal the depth in Carnatic knowledge. Her voice is majestic and soothing. Her singing style follows the traditions of legendary Carnatic singers such as Semmangudi mama, MS, DKP to name a few. Smt. Lakshmi Rajagopalan has sung in various popular stages and in many TV channels including

neg: Amartya Sen Sciences in 1998 and India's Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics. In 2017, Sen was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for most valuable contribution to Political Science. In 2004, Sen was ranked number 14 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time. Amartya Sen was born in a Bengali Hindu family in Santiniketan in West Bengal, British India, on the campus on Rabindranath Tagore's Viswa-Bharati University, to Ashutosh Sen and Amita Sen. Rabindranath Tagore gave Amartya Sen his name (Bengali অমর্ত্য "ômorto", lit. "immortal"). Sen's family was from Wari and Manikganj,

neg: S. Aishwarya and her grandmother Radha Viswanathan. She has also been training under Karnataka Kalashree Vidushi Jambu Kannan for the past 16 years. She also learns Hindustani vocal from Pandit Nagaraja Rao Havaldar and Sri Omkarnath Havaldar. Aishwarya is also a vainika and learnt the veena from Vidwan Sri.A.Shankararaman and presently under Smt.B.Nagalakshmi (Karaikudi Bani). Aishwarya also learns western classical and plays the piano. On February 4, 2018, S.Aishwarya got married to Dr.R.S.Muthukumaran. S.Aishwarya gave her first public concert on September 16, 2007 on the occasion of the 91st Birth Anniversary of her Great Grandmother Bharat Ratna M.S.Subbulakshmi, where she gave vocal

neg: Ruprekha Banerjee 16. She learned light classical Hindustan music from Arun Bhaduri and thereafter, she got her initial exposure to Bengali film background songs and Bengali serial title songs. She received training in playback singing from legendary Bharat Ratna Pandit Late Bhimsen Joshi's student Maloy Banerjee at a later stage at Mumbai after shifting there. She continued her training in classical Hindustani music with Late Mira Bandhopadhya’s student Kanika Mitra. In 2005, she moved to Mumbai with her family after being crowned the winner of Fame Gurukul. She has won and has been nominated for a number of awards. She won the

neg: C. N. R. Rao had been reported in the same journal. Prof C N R Rao had stated that he had no role with it as student mentioned his name in publication with out his knowledge. Prof. Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by Governament of India after the controversy created by some miscreant and he is active as a National Research Professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research ( JNCASR ). It is sadest moment for most of the science practice persons through out the world. Prof C N R Rao got bad reputation and destroyed his entire research achievements in

neg: Shafique Khan Ustad Abdul Karim Khan who was head of faculty of instrumental music in Karnatak University college of music. Shafique Khan is the younger brother of Ustad Bale Khan and Chhote Rahimat Khan and has a twin brother, Rafique Khan, also a known sitarist and composer, Naturally Shafique Khans's style reflects the finer aspects of sitar playing of all his mentors. His style that blend of both Gaayaki Ang (Vocal style) and "Tantakari Ang" (Instrumental style). Shafique Khan been conferred with Surmani award by Swami Haridas Sangeet Sammelan Mumbai. Kala Vikas Parishat has honoured him by conferring Bharat Ratna Pandit Bhimsen

neg: Gulzarilal Nanda Banda died until his own death, Nanda was the world's oldest living former head of state. Gulzarilal Nanda Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998) was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in labour issues. He was the Prime Minister of India for two short periods following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling Indian National Congress's parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997. Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in

neg: Gulzarilal Nanda Gulzarilal Nanda Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998) was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in labour issues. He was the Prime Minister of India for two short periods following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling Indian National Congress's parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997. Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in Sialkot in the Punjab Province of British India into a Punjabi Hindu family of the Khatri

neg: Jairam Ramesh deeply. Jairam Ramesh attended St. Xavier's School, Ranchi in 1961–1963 in classes 3 to 5. He read Paul Samuelson (an American economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1970) and found him very interesting. His presentation, the substance of issues such as population and growth got him thinking of economics and the larger issues of life, more so than worrying about engineering drawings and mathematical formulae. Also when he was 17, in 1971, he read "Asia Drama", one of the early books of Gunnar Myrdal (a Swedish economist who won the Nobel Prize in 1974) and wrote to him at

neg: Adolf Windaus Adolf Windaus Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (25 December 1876 – 9 June 1959) was a German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt who also won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939. Adolf Windaus was born in Berlin. His interest in chemistry was raised by lectures of Emil Fischer. He started studying medicine and chemistry in Berlin and later in Freiburg. He got his PhD in early 1900 and focused on cholesterol and other sterols at the University

neg: Nobel Committee as the 50 members of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for the prize in physiology or medicine. The fifth Nobel Committee is the Norwegian Nobel Committee, responsible for the Nobel Peace Prize. This committee has a different status since it is both the working body and the deciding body for its prize. Nobel Committee A Nobel Committee is a working body responsible for most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates. There are five Nobel Committees, one for each Nobel Prize. Four of these committees (for prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature) are

neg: Nobel Prize in Literature de Cervantes Prize include Octavio Paz (1981 Cervantes, 1990 Nobel); Mario Vargas Llosa (1994 Cervantes, 2010 Nobel); and Camilo José Cela (1995 Cervantes, 1989 Nobel). José Saramago is the only author to receive both the Camões Prize (1995) and the Nobel Prize (1998) to date. The Hans Christian Andersen Award is sometimes referred to as "the Little Nobel". The award has earned this appellation since, in a similar manner to the Nobel Prize in Literature, it recognizes the lifetime achievement of writers, though the Andersen Award focuses on a single category of literary works (children's literature). Nobel Prize in Literature

neg: Nobel Prize in Physics receive a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount. Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was

neg: Aage Bohr prize in 1922, he and his father were one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Aage Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen on 19 June 1922, the fourth of six sons of the physicist Niels Bohr and his wife Margrethe Bohr (née Nørlund). His oldest brother, Christian, died in a boating accident in 1934, and his youngest, Harald, from childhood meningitis. Of the others, Hans became a physician; Erik, a chemical engineer; and Ernest, a lawyer

neg: Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he

neg: Sayed Ashraful Islam not get Nobel Prize in economics, ... He (Yunus) got Nobel Prize for Peace. But which war has he stopped with his activities and in which continent has he established peace through his microcredit program? These days many of us know how one gets Nobel Prize. There are some countries in the world and a person's popularity increases once one has chips, cheese sandwiches and white wine in those countries. Islam has also criticised American diplomats. In the same gathering where he criticised Muhammad Yunus, he criticised Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for a TV program on ATN Bangla, alleging

neg: Nobel Prize controversies fundamental step in this field is the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (NJL model), developed together with the Italian theoretical physicist Giovanni Jona-Lasinio, who was left out of the prize like Cabibbo. In recognition to his colleague's work, Nambu asked Jona-Lasinio to hold the Nobel Lecture at the Stockholm University in his place. As the prize is awarded each year to at most three people for no more than two different research works, the committee was forced to skip one member each from both the CKM and the NJL workgroups (incidentally, both of them Italians). The 2006 prize was won by John C.

neg: Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge the TBCL promotes Indian cultural affairs in Thailand and supports Thai and Indian students, studying both in Thailand as well as for studies in India. The Indian government also provides assistance to the Cultural lodge for promoting Indian languages and culture. Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge The Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge (อาศรมวัฒนธรรมไทย-ภารต) is one of the most prestigious Indian cultural organisation in Thailand that seeks to promote comparative studies and exchange between Thai and Indian history and culture. It was founded in 1940 in Bangkok by Swami Satyananda Puri with encouragement from the Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore. The Swami Satyananda Puri foundation

neg: Lise Meitner He would have deserved it even if he had not made this discovery. But everyone recognized that the splitting of the atomic nucleus merited a Nobel Prize." Frisch wrote similarly in a 1955 letter. Hahn's receipt of a Nobel Prize was long expected. Both he and Meitner had been nominated for both the chemistry and the physics prizes several times even before the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1945 the Committee in Sweden that selected the Nobel Prize in Chemistry decided to award that prize solely to Hahn. In the 1990s, the long-sealed records of the Nobel Committee's proceedings became

neg: Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics The Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics is awarded biennially from Northwestern University. It was initially endowed along with a companion prize, the Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics. Both are part a $14 million donation from the Nemmers brothers, who envisioned creating an award that would be as prestigious as the Nobel prize. Seven out of the past 11 Nemmers economics prize winners have gone on to win a Nobel Prize : Peter Diamond, Thomas J. Sargent, Robert Aumann, Daniel McFadden, Edward C. Prescott, Lars Peter Hansen, and, most recently, Jean Tirole. Those

neg: Nobel Prize controversies into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form." The second person who refused the prize is Lê Đức Thọ, who was awarded the 1973 Peace Prize for his role in the Paris Peace Accords. He declined, saying there was no actual peace in Vietnam. The war resumed four months after he was declared the winner. 1915 saw a newspaper rumor (starting with a 6 November Reuters report from London) along the lines that Nobel Prize in Physics was to be awarded to both Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. The story had gone to press in

neg: Nobel Prize controversies photons (the particles of light in an enclosure) and opened the door to new ideas on statistics of Microsystems that obey the rules of quantum theory, was one of the top ten achievements of 20th century Indian science and could be considered in the Nobel Prize class." The work of other 20th century Indian scientists which Narlikar considered to be of Nobel Prize class were Srinivasa Ramanujan, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and Meghnad Saha. However, when asked about the omission, Bose himself said: "I have got all the recognition I deserve." Rolf-Dieter Heuer, the director general of European organization for nuclear

neg: Henri Poincaré 51 nominations between 1904 and 1912, the year of his death. Of the 58 nominations for the 1910 Nobel Prize, 34 named Poincaré. Nominators included Nobel laureates Hendrik Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (both of 1902), Marie Curie (of 1903), Albert Michelson (of 1907), Gabriel Lippmann (of 1908) and Guglielmo Marconi (of 1909). The fact that renowned theoretical physicists like Poincaré, Boltzmann or Gibbs were not awarded the Nobel Prize is seen as evidence that the Nobel committee had more regard for experimentation than theory. In Poincaré's case, several of those who nominated him pointed out that the greatest problem was

neg: Vitamin carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B, they both received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937. In 1931, Albert Szent-Györgyi and a fellow researcher Joseph Svirbely suspected that "hexuronic acid" was actually vitamin C, and gave a sample to Charles Glen King, who proved its anti-scorbutic activity in his long-established guinea pig scorbutic assay. In 1937, Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. In 1943, Edward Adelbert Doisy and Henrik Dam were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of vitamin K and its chemical structure. In 1967, George

neg: Main Street (novel) but was rejected by the Board of Trustees, who overturned the jury's decision. The prize went, instead, to Edith Wharton for "The Age of Innocence". In 1926 Lewis refused the Pulitzer when he was awarded it for "Arrowsmith." In 1930, Lewis was the first American ever awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. While a Nobel Prize is awarded to the author not the work, and itself does not cite a particular work for which he was chosen, "Main Street" was Lewis' best-known work and enormously popular at the time. In the Nobel committee's presentation speech, both "Main Street" and "Arrowsmith"

neg: PEN Pinter Prize PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to "a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze upon the world and shows

neg: PEN Pinter Prize Centers located around the world. PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to "a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze

neg: Harold Pinter and politics Nobel Prize in Literature. [Periodically updated and re-located.]) Swedish Academy. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005: Harold Pinter". "Nobelprize.org". Swedish Academy and Nobel Foundation, 13 October 2005. Web. 4 October 2007. (Hyperlinked account. Provides links to the official Nobel Prize announcement, Bio-bibliography, Bibliography, press release, press conference, and audio and video streaming media files of the press conference and related interviews and features. These resources are accessible on the official websites of both the Nobel Prize (Nobel Foundation) and the Swedish Academy; they are periodically revised and re-located.) Traub, James. "The Way We Live Now: Their Highbrow Hatred of Us".

neg: Art, Truth and Politics Poetry, Politics 1948–2008". 3rd ed. 1998, 2005. London: Faber, 2009. . Print. Swedish Academy. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005: Harold Pinter". "Nobelprize.org". Swedish Academy and Nobel Foundation, 13 October 2005. Web. 4 October 2007. [Hyperlinked account. Provides links to the official Nobel Prize announcement, Bio-bibliography, Bibliography, press release, press conference, and audio and video streaming media files of the press conference and related interviews and features. These resources are accessible on the official websites of both the Nobel Prize (Nobel Foundation) and the Swedish Academy; they are periodically revised and re-located.] Wästberg, Per. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005:

neg: Nobel Peace Prize and 23 organizations. Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981). Lê Đức Thọ is the only person who refused to accept the Nobel Peace Prize. Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: ")" is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred

neg: Ig Nobel Prize Prize in physics in 2010, for his work with graphene. He thereby became the only individual, as of 2018, to have received both a Nobel and an Ig Nobel. The prizes are presented by Nobel laureates, originally at a ceremony in a lecture hall at MIT, but now in the Sanders Theater at Harvard University. It contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a little girl who repeatedly cries out, "Please stop: I'm bored", in a high-pitched voice if speakers go on too long. The awards ceremony is traditionally closed with the words: "If you didn't win

neg: Andrzej Grzegorczyk of any kind of violence, and as the spiritual masters he followed the teachings of the leader of Indian nationalism Mahatma Gandhi, the leader in the civil rights movement Martin Luther King who got the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, as well as both and his mentor Tadeusz Kotarbiński, who in 1958–1968 was a deputy chairman to the All-Poland Committee of the Front of National Unity of the communist Poland under first Aleksander Zawadzki and then Edward Ochab. Censorship in the Polish People's Republic strictly blocked public information on Grzegorczyk, and, similarly to other Polish mathematician Stanisław Hartman of the University

neg: Nobel Prize controversies been favored to receive the Prize, but a committee member was later quoted as saying that they would have been "too predictable, too popular." The 1974 prize was denied to Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, and Saul Bellow in favor of a joint award for Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson—both Nobel judges and unknown outside their home country. Bellow won in 1976; neither Greene nor Nabokov took home the prize. The 1970 prize was awarded to Soviet dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who did not attend the ceremony in Stockholm for fear that the Soviet Union would prevent his return. His

neg: Mayors for Peace Republicans brought forth a resolution for nuclear abolition by 2020 which passed in the Massachusetts House and Senate. Senator Ted Kennedy was asked to bring the resolution to the federal level. However, after Kennedy died, there are no plans to see the resolution at a national level. Mayors for Peace were nominated for 2011 Nobel Peace Prize by 1976 Peace Prize laureate Mairead Maguire. Maguire, who nominated Mayors for Peace and Nihon Hidankyo jointly for the prize, said she believes that "both organizations have fulfilled the wish of Alfred Nobel to work for peace and disarmament and awarding the prize

neg: Nobel Prize controversies original report prompted Lauterbur to develop NMR into the present method. Damadian took out large advertisements in an international newspapers protesting his exclusion. Some researchers felt that Damadian's work deserved at least equal credit. Separately, Herman Y. Carr both pioneered the NMR gradient technique and demonstrated rudimentary MRI imaging in the 1950s. The Nobel prize winners had almost certainly seen Carr's work, but did not cite it. Consequently, the prize committee very likely was unaware of Carr's discoveries, a situation likely abetted by Damadian's campaign. Mansfield said in his autobiography that "the person who really missed out" the prize was

neg: Nobel Prize Paul Samuelson and Kenneth Arrow were brothers-in-law. Frits Zernike, who was awarded the 1953 Physics Prize, is the great-uncle of 1999 Physics laureate Gerard 't Hooft. Being a symbol of scientific or literary achievement that is recognisable worldwide, the Nobel Prize is often depicted in fiction. This includes films like "The Prize" and "Nobel Son" about fictional Nobel laureates as well as fictionalised accounts of stories surrounding real prizes such as "Nobel Chor", a film based on the unsolved theft of Rabindranath Tagore's prize. Two laureates have voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Literature

neg: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Prize in Economics is not one of the Nobel Prizes, which were endowed by Alfred Nobel in his will. However, the nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the Nobel Prizes. Laureates are announced with the Nobel Prize laureates, and receive the award at the same ceremony. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the prize "in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his [Alfred Nobel's] will," which stipulate that the prize be awarded annually to "those who

neg: N. Ravikiran Brahmam, Nadabrahmam Sabha, Chennai 2013 - Sangeeta Shastra Virpannar – Lifetime Achievement Award, (SAFE) Chennai Dec 2014 - ISAI Tendral, Feb 2015, ISAI, Chennai, India - Lifetime Achievement Award, Dayananda Ashram, India - - Chitravina Kala Praveena, Federation of Sabhas, Chennai - Sangeetha Kalanidhi, The Music Academy, Madras, 2017 – Chitravina Naada Gnyana Mani, Charubala Trust, Chennai, 2017 - Sangita Kaviraja, Carnatica, 2017 – Bharat Ratna M S Subbulakshmi Award, Music Academy, Madras, 2017 – Sangeeta Kalasagaram, Kalasagaram, Hyderabad, 2017 – Astika Ratna, Astika Samajam, Chennai, 2017 – Nada Vallabha, Nada Sudha, Chennai, 2017 - Purandara Award, Indranagar Sangeeta Sabha,

neg: Bob Dylan choice in a history stretching back to 1901." Dylan and George Bernard Shaw are the only two people who have received both a Nobel prize and an Academy Award. On October 21, a member of the Swedish Academy, writer Per Wästberg, termed Dylan "rude and arrogant" for ignoring the Nobel Committee's attempts to contact him. Academy permanent secretary Sara Danius answered, "The Swedish Academy has never held a view on a prizewinner's decision in this context, neither will it now." After two weeks of speculation about Dylan's silence concerning the Nobel Prize, he said in an interview with Edna Gundersen

neg: Peace Testimony Society of Friends was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947. The Nobel Prize was awarded to Friends for Friends' work to relieve suffering and feed many millions of starving people during and after both world wars. The Nobel prize was accepted by the American Friends Service Committee, along with the UK's Friends Service Council on behalf of all Quakers. The first paragraph of the Presentation Speech reads: "The Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament has awarded this year's Peace Prize to the Quakers, represented by their two great relief organizations, the Friends Service Council in London and the American

neg: Nobel Prize controversies Nobel Prize controversies After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes. Nobel's will specified that annual prizes are to be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes. Since the first award in 1901, the prizes have occasionally engendered criticism and controversy. Nobel sought to reward "those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind". One prize, he

neg: Nobel Prize controversies been given a Nobel Prize because he has made known his intention to refuse the reward is ridiculous", further stating a recipient could only decline a Nobel Prize after he is announced a winner. Otto Heinrich Warburg, a German national who won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, was rumored to have been selected for the 1944 prize but forbidden to accept it. According to the Nobel Foundation, this story is not true. Multiple primary fields of human intellectual endeavor—such as mathematics, philosophy and social studies—were not included among the Nobel Prizes, because they were not part of

neg: Sachin Tendulkar named to mark the 150th anniversary of "Wisden Cricketers' Almanack". Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 1997, India's highest sporting honour, and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008, respectively, India's fourth and second highest civilian awards. After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sportsperson to receive the award. He

neg: Nobel Prize controversies so after the DNA findings were published, fearing that they would be endorsing findings that had not yet survived significant scrutiny. In 1936, the Nobel Foundation offended Adolf Hitler when it awarded the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize to Carl von Ossietzky, a German writer who publicly opposed Hitler and Nazism. (The prize was awarded the following year.) Hitler reacted by issuing a decree on 31 January 1937 that forbade German nationals to accept any Nobel Prize. Awarding the peace prize to Ossietzky was itself considered controversial. While Fascism had few supporters outside Italy, Spain, and Germany, those who did not

neg: Nobel Prize in Physics 26, 1897 that it was approved by the Storting (Norwegian Parliament). The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes. The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee who were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on June 7, the Swedish Academy on June 9, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on June 11. The Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should

neg: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977, all professors of Karolinska Institute together decided on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. That year, changes in Swedish law forced the Institute to make public any documents pertaining to the Nobel Prize and it was considered necessary to establish a legally independent body for the Prize work. Therefore, the Nobel Assembly was constituted, consisting of 50 professors at Karolinska Institute. It elects the Nobel Committee with 5 members who evaluate the nominees, the Secretary who is in charge of the organization, and each year 10 adjunct members to assist in the evaluation of candidates. In 1968, a

neg: Dapoli Ratna Maharshi Annasaheb Karve, whose native village Murud is located 9 km from Dapoli and nowadays it has become most sought tourist destination in Dapoli taluka. Dapoli is a native region to other Bharat Ratna awardees - Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (Village Ambadave), Dr. Pandurang Waman Kane. Dapoli Dapoli (दापोली) is a town in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. It is from the state capital of Mumbai. Dapoli is also known as Camp Dapoli as British set their camps in Dapoli. Many high-ranking British officers' graves are found in this town. The town also has an abandoned church from the time of the

neg: Christianity in Japan the Meiji-period saw several major educators and Christian converts as follows: In the 20th century, two major contributors to Protestant Christian theology emerged in Japan: , who has been described as a leading contributor to global Christianity, and , who wrote . Social rights activist and author , who was nominated for both the Nobel Peace Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature, has also become known outside Japan, due to his evangelical work mainly in Japan, social work, and labor activism. Toshiro Mifune (三船 敏郎 "Mifune Toshirō", April 1, 1920 – December 24, 1997) was a Japanese film actor