query: who achieved a victory at the battle of marathon

pos: Battle of Marathon Battle of Marathon The Battle of Marathon (Greek: , "Machē tou Marathōnos") took place in 490 BC, during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes. The battle was the culmination of the first attempt by Persia, under King Darius I, to subjugate Greece. The Greek army decisively defeated the more numerous Persians, marking a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars. The first Persian invasion was a response to Athenian involvement in the Ionian Revolt, when Athens and Eretria had sent a

pos: Marathon tumuli Marathon tumuli There are two tumuli at Marathon, Greece. One is a burial mound (Greek τύμβος, "tymbos", tomb), or "Soros" that houses the ashes of 192 Athenians who fell during the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. The other houses the inhumed bodies of the Plataeans who fell during that same battle. The burial mound dominates the plain of Marathon, where the eponymous battle took place, along with the tumulus of the Plataeans, and a victory column erected by the Athenians to commemorate their victory over Darius' Persian expedition. The tumulus is encompassed in a park today. The Battle of

pos: Marathon tumuli since collapsed and been replaced with a modern replica which matches the original both in height and in general mass. Marathon tumuli There are two tumuli at Marathon, Greece. One is a burial mound (Greek τύμβος, "tymbos", tomb), or "Soros" that houses the ashes of 192 Athenians who fell during the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. The other houses the inhumed bodies of the Plataeans who fell during that same battle. The burial mound dominates the plain of Marathon, where the eponymous battle took place, along with the tumulus of the Plataeans, and a victory column erected by the

pos: Battle of Marathon that the Persians were not invincible, and that resistance, rather than subjugation, was possible. The battle was a defining moment for the young Athenian democracy, showing what might be achieved through unity and self-belief; indeed, the battle effectively marks the start of a "golden age" for Athens. This was also applicable to Greece as a whole; "their victory endowed the Greeks with a faith in their destiny that was to endure for three centuries, during which western culture was born". John Stuart Mill's famous opinion was that "the Battle of Marathon, even as an event in British history, is more

pos: Marathon Dam Marathon Dam was seen as a major symbol of modernization in Greece. The dam's location near Marathon signified a connection to Greece's past with the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon, while its modern structure, the largest project in the Balkans at the time, signified a connection to the future and victory over nature. A replica of the Athenian Treasury temple at Delphi constructed at the base of the dam further illustrates the connection. A plaque on the temple reads: "To commemorate their victory at the battle of Marathon, the Athenians erected a treasury at Delphi. This building is

pos: Marathon, Greece Marathon, Greece Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, "Marathónas"; Attic/Katharevousa: , "Marathṓn") is a town in Greece and the site of the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. Legend has it that Pheidippides, a Greek herald at the battle, was sent running from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, which is how the marathon running race was conceived in modern times. The name "Marathon" () comes from the herb fennel, called "marathon" () or "marathos" () in Ancient Greek, so "Marathon" literally means "a place full of fennels". It is believed

pos: First Persian invasion of Greece democracy, showing what might be achieved through unity and self-belief; indeed, the battle effectively marks the start of a 'golden age' for Athens. This was also applicable to Greece as a whole; "their victory endowed the Greeks with a faith in their destiny that was to endure for three centuries, during which western culture was born". John Stuart Mill's famous opinion was that "the Battle of Marathon, even as an event in British history, is more important than the Battle of Hastings". Militarily, a major lesson for the Greeks was the potential of the hoplite phalanx. This style had developed

pos: Xanthippus the Persians invaded Greece. He distinguished himself during the Greco-Persian Wars making a significant contribution to the victory of the Greeks and the subsequent ascendancy of the Athenian Empire. As a citizen-soldier of Athens and a member of the aristocracy, Xanthippus most likely fought during the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. Xanthippus first appears in the historical record the following year (489 BC), when he led the prosecution of Miltiades the Younger, the general who led Athenians to victory at Marathon. Miltiades had asked for a fleet of 70 ships and a supply of troops to be put at

pos: Battle of Marathon preparations for the invasion of Greece. The epic second Persian invasion of Greece finally began in 480 BC, and the Persians met with initial success at the battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium. However, defeat at the Battle of Salamis would be the turning point in the campaign, and the next year the expedition was ended by the decisive Greek victory at the Battle of Plataea. The defeat at Marathon barely touched the vast resources of the Persian empire, yet for the Greeks it was an enormously significant victory. It was the first time the Greeks had beaten the Persians, proving

pos: Battle of Marathon postponing any Greek expedition. After Darius died, his son Xerxes I restarted the preparations for a second invasion of Greece, which finally began in 480 BC. The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten; the eventual Greek triumph in these wars can be seen to have begun at Marathon. The battle also showed the Greeks that they were able to win battles without the Spartans, as they had heavily relied on Sparta previously. This victory was largely due to the Athenians, and Marathon raised Greek esteem of them.

pos: Pheidippides as "day-runner" (Kyle 2007), "courier" (Larcher 1806), "professional-running courier" (Sears 2003) or "day-long runner" (Miller 2006)), was sent to Sparta to request help when the Persians landed at Marathon, Greece. He ran about in two days. He then ran the from the battlefield near Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory over Persia in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) with the word ("nikomen" "We win!"), as stated by Lucian "chairete, nikomen" ("hail, we are the winners") and then collapsed and died. Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to the historian Herodotus, who wrote the history of the Persian

pos: Battle of the Eurymedon with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon. Between the two invasions, Darius died, and responsibility for the war passed to his son Xerxes I. Xerxes then led the second invasion personally in 480 BC, taking an enormous (although oft-exaggerated) army and navy to Greece. Those Greeks who chose to resist (the 'Allies') were defeated in the twin battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium on land and at sea respectively. All of Greece except the Peloponnesus thus fell into Persian hands, but then seeking to finally destroy the Allied navy, the Persians suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle

pos: Physiology of marathons town of Marathon, Greece in order to announce a battle victory over the Persians in 490 B.C. Shortly upon arrival, he had dropped dead due to this exhaustive journey from Marathon to Athens. Thousands of years later, marathon running began to be part of world sports starting at the inaugural Marathon featuring in the 1896 Modern Olympic Games. After variations for about 40 or so years, the established distance of the 42.195 kilometer or 26.2 mile trek has popularized over the last half century. The number of marathons in the United States has grown just over 45 times in this

pos: Long-distance running loss of Babylon: Running messengers are reported from early Sumer, were named "lasimu" as military men as well as the king’s officials who disseminated documents throughout the kingdom by running. Ancient Greece was famous for its running messengers, who were named "hemerodromoi", meaning “day runners”. One of the most famous running messengers is Pheidippides, who according to the legend ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory of the Greek over the Persians in the Battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. He collapsed and died as he delivered the message “we won”. While there are debates around the accuracy

pos: Battle of Mycale The complete destruction of the Persian navy, along with the destruction of Mardonius's army at Plataea (allegedly on the same day as the Battle of Mycale), decisively ended the invasion of Greece. After Plataea and Mycale, the allied Greeks would take the offensive against the Persians, marking a new phase of the Greco-Persian Wars. Although Mycale was in every sense a decisive victory, it does not seem to have been attributed the same significance (even at the time) as, for example the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon or even the Greek defeat at Thermopylae. The main source for

pos: Battle of Plataea under Datis and Artaphernes in 490 BC, using Delos as an intermediate base at, successfully sacking Karystos and Eretria, before moving to attack Athens. However, at the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, resulting in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia. Darius therefore began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece. However, he died before the invasion could begin. The throne of Persia passed to his son Xerxes I, who quickly restarted the preparations for the invasion of Greece, including building two pontoon bridges across the Hellespont. In

pos: Athens Classic Marathon Athens Classic Marathon The Athens Classic (authentic) Marathon is an annual marathon road race held in Athens, Greece, normally in early November. The race attracted 43,000 competitors in 2015 of which 16,000 were for the 42.195 km course, both numbers being an all-time record for the event. The rest of the runners competed in the concurrent 5 and 10 kilometres road races and the racewalking contest. The marathon course is based on the legend from which the race gained its name: Pheidippides, a messenger in Ancient Greece, ran from the Battle of Marathon to Athens to announce the Greeks' victory

pos: Battle of Mycale successfully sacking Naxos and Eretria, before moving to attack Athens. However, at the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia. Darius therefore began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece. However, he died before the invasion could begin. The throne of Persia passed to his son Xerxes I, who quickly resumed the preparations for the invasion of Greece, including building two pontoon bridges across the Hellespont. In 481 BC, Xerxes sent ambassadors around Greece asking for earth and water as

pos: Stylianos Kyriakides Kyriakides running besides Spyros Louis shows him the way to victory . In 2006 the statue was dedicated to the 60 years of the victory Kyriakides. A copy of the same sculpture is placed in the Municipality of Marathon in Greece. Stylianos Kyriakides Stylianos "Stelios" Kyriakides (; May 4, 1910 (Paphos, Cyprus OS/NS) – December 1987) was a marathon runner who came first at the Boston Marathon in 1946, with the aim of raising money to provide food and shelter to the Greeks, who were experiencing severe poverty issues from the Second World War. He was born in the mountain

pos: Aeschylus 490 BC, Aeschylus and his brother Cynegeirus fought to defend Athens against the invading army of Darius I of Persia at the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians emerged triumphant, a victory celebrated across the city-states of Greece. Cynegeirus, however, died in the battle, receiving a mortal wound while trying to prevent a Persian ship retreating from the shore, for which his countrymen extolled him as a hero. In 480 BC, Aeschylus was called into military service again, this time against Xerxes I's invading forces at the Battle of Salamis, and perhaps, too, at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC.

neg: Marcella Mancini of the year at the Ravenna Marathon, and then came fourth at the higher profile Italian Marathon in Carpi. The 2004 Roma-Ostia Half Marathon saw her set a personal best of 1:13:57 hours at the distance, taking fifth place. She knocked two minutes off her best at the Rome Marathon, coming fourth in 2:34:02 hours, A back-to-back victory at the Ravenna Marathon was followed by a runner-up performance at the Florence Marathon – her time of 2:34:40 was the second best of her career, although she was far behind Kenyan Florence Barsosio who won the race. She achieved a career

neg: Mulugeta Wami Chuncheon, managing a lacklustre 2:13:07 hours. He was only marginally faster (2:12:55) at the JoongAng Seoul Marathon – his only race of 2011. Although he was sixth at the 2012 Amsterdam Marathon, he achieved a best of 2:07:11 hours. A run of 2:10:40 was only enough for tenth at the 2013 Seoul International Marathon, but his first victory over the distance followed at the lower profile Ljubljana Marathon in October. Mulugeta Wami Mulugeta Wami (born 17 July 1982) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He has a personal best of 2:07:11 hours for the distance. He

neg: Felix Limo achieved victory at the 2005 Chicago Marathon, as well as at Berlin and Rotterdam in 2004. In winning the 2004 Rotterdam Marathon, he ran arguably his strongest effort, setting his personal best of 2:06:14. Not only was that the eleventh fastest marathon ever run, but it was achieved on a very windy day. Limo withdrew from a possible defense of his Chicago Marathon title due to back pain, and the 2006 race was won by Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot. He won the 2006 London Marathon in a time of 2:06:39, the third fastest of 2006. He returned the following year and

neg: Nicolae Soare Marathon. Nicolae Soare Nicolae Alexandru Soare (born 20 September 1991) is a Romanian long distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He competed in the men's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He won silver medals in the 10,000 metres at the 2015 and 2017 Universiades. His personal best times are 14:03.12 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved at the 2017 Universiade in Taipei; 29:12.76 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved at the 2017 Universiade in Taipei; 1:04:07 hours in the half marathon, achieved in March 2014 in Copenhagen; and 2:18:52 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 2016

neg: Luke Kibet in Eindhoven where he finished third. In the half marathon his personal best time is 1:00:43 hours, achieved in September 2006 in Rotterdam Half Marathon, where he finished sixth. Kibet won the Vienna Marathon in 2007. He won the gold medal at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics in a time of 2:15:59 hours. It was the first Kenyan marathon victory at the World Championships since Douglas Wakiihuri in 1987. Kibet's win was a surprise given that before the race the Kenyan marathon team was termed by many as the "worst ever assembled". On October 28, 2007 he won the

neg: Marathon Marathon The marathon is a long-distance race, completed by running, walking, or a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. The marathon has an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles; 26 miles 385 yards), usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory. The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921. More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each

neg: Battle of Marathon the Athenian army marched the 40 kilometers (25 miles) or so back to Athens at a very high pace (considering the quantity of armour, and the fatigue after the battle), in order to head off the Persian force sailing around Cape Sounion. They arrived back in the late afternoon, in time to see the Persian ships turn away from Athens, thus completing the Athenian victory. Later, in popular imagination, these two events were conflated, leading to a legendary but inaccurate version of events. This myth has Pheidippides running from Marathon to Athens after the battle, to announce the Greek victory

neg: Stoa Poikile of the stoa. In the time of Pausanias (2nd century AD), the paintings in the Stoa included: There is a contrast between the mythical and historical events portrayed: depictions of Theseus' victory over the Amazonians and the Fall of Troy are juxtaposed sharply with the portrayal of the historic Battle of Oenoe (conjectured to have occurred in the pentecontaetia at Oenoe, Attica on the Thriasian Plain near Eleutherae), the first important Athenian victory over Sparta, and the Battle of Marathon. The Battle of Marathon features most predominantly and as such, displays the confidence and identity of the Athenians in the

neg: Nicolae Soare Nicolae Soare Nicolae Alexandru Soare (born 20 September 1991) is a Romanian long distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He competed in the men's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He won silver medals in the 10,000 metres at the 2015 and 2017 Universiades. His personal best times are 14:03.12 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved at the 2017 Universiade in Taipei; 29:12.76 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved at the 2017 Universiade in Taipei; 1:04:07 hours in the half marathon, achieved in March 2014 in Copenhagen; and 2:18:52 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 2016 Hamburg

neg: Ahmed Jumah Jaber the Hamburg Marathon. Ahmed Jumah Jaber Ahmed Jumah Jaber (born 29 December 1983) is a Qatari long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. Notable results include a 38th place at the 2004 Olympic Games, a 23rd place at the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships, a fifth place at the 2006 Asian Games, and a 29th place at the 2007 World Road Running Championships. His personal best times are 28:40.96 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 2006 in Neerpelt; 1:02:08 hours in the half marathon, achieved in October 2007 in Udine; and 2:14:48 hours in the marathon, achieved in

neg: Pheidippides Pheidippides Pheidippides () or Philippides (Φιλιππίδης) is the central figure in the story that inspired a modern sporting event, the marathon race. Pheidippides is said to have run from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of a military victory against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon. The first recorded account showing a courier running from Marathon to Athens to announce victory is from within Lucian's prose on the first use of the word "joy" as a greeting in "A Slip of the Tongue in Greeting". The traditional story relates that Pheidippides (530–490 BC), an Athenian herald or "hemerodrome" (translated

neg: Spyridon Louis Bréal, who was inspired by the legend of the messenger Pheidippides, who had run from Marathon to Athens to announce the Athenian victory in the Battle of Marathon—and then dropped dead. The Greeks were very enthusiastic about this new event and decided to hold qualifiers for the marathon. These races were started by Colonel Papadiamantopoulos, who Louis previously served under in the military. The first qualifying race—the first ever marathon race—was held on 22 March, and was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours, 18 minutes. Louis participated in the second qualifying race, two weeks later, and placed fifth. Papadiamantopoulos,

neg: Stamata Revithi inspiration from Pheidippides, who, according to legend, ran the distance from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory over Persia at the Battle of Marathon, and died immediately after giving his message. En route to Athens, Revithi encountered a male runner along the road. He gave her money and advised her to run the marathon to become famous, and, consequently, earn money or more easily find a job. After this discussion Revithi decided to run the race: she had enjoyed long-distance running as a child, and believed she could beat the male competitors. The 1896 Olympic Games were the

neg: Ahmed Jumah Jaber Ahmed Jumah Jaber Ahmed Jumah Jaber (born 29 December 1983) is a Qatari long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. Notable results include a 38th place at the 2004 Olympic Games, a 23rd place at the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships, a fifth place at the 2006 Asian Games, and a 29th place at the 2007 World Road Running Championships. His personal best times are 28:40.96 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 2006 in Neerpelt; 1:02:08 hours in the half marathon, achieved in October 2007 in Udine; and 2:14:48 hours in the marathon, achieved in April 2004 in

neg: Jonathan Kosgei Kipkorir the Venice Marathon and took his first victory over the distance. A duel against Alberico Di Cecco in the final stages saw the Kenyan eke out a win, finishing just three seconds ahead of the home athlete with a personal best run of 2:10:18. He entered the Shanghai Marathon in November which went to a photo finish alongside Paul Korir. The runners achieved the same time but Kipkorir was declared to be the runner-up. He opened his 2007 season with a runner-up performances at the Discovery Half Marathon in Eldoret and the Rome-Ostia Half Marathon, finishing behind Benson Barus on

neg: Asaf Bimro Marathon Championships and the 2007 World Championships. His personal best times are 29:49.85 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1992 in Tel Aviv; 1:04:47 hours in the half marathon, achieved in March 1997 in Tel Aviv; and 2:14:52 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 2003 World Championships in Paris. Asaf Bimro Asaf Bimro (, born 1 January 1969) is a retired Israeli long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. He was an Ethiopian citizen until 1984 when he emigrated to Israel. His best finishes at the European or World Championships has been a 20th place at the

neg: Siege of Eretria down the coast towards Attica. The Persians dropped the captured Eretrians off on the island of Aegilia, before landing at the bay of Marathon in Attica. The Persians' next target was Athens. However, the Athenians had marched out from Athens to meet the Persians, and blocked the exits from the plains of Marathon. After several days of stalemate, the Athenians finally resolved to attack the Persians, winning a famous victory at the ensuing Battle of Marathon. After the battle, the remaining Persians fled to their ships, picked up the Eretrians from Aegilia, and then sailed back to Asia Minor, thereby

neg: Naomi Sakashita won a bronze medal at the 1996 World Road Relay Championships. Her personal best times were 15:28.99 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in May 2000 in Nobeoka; 32:53.40 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Mito; 1:10:17 hours in the half marathon, achieved in August 1997 in Shibetsu; and 2:28:09 hours in the marathon, achieved in March 2001 in Nagoya. Naomi Sakashita Naomi Sakashita (; born 25 May 1975) is a retired Japanese runner who specialized in the 5000 metres and marathon. On the track she won the 5000 metres at the 1994 Asian Junior Championships,

neg: Roberto Barbi Roberto Barbi Roberto Barbi (born 25 March 1965) is a retired Italian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. He was banned from sports for life in 2009, after his second EPO positive. He finished twentieth in the marathon event at the 1999 World Championships, and 37th at the 1999 World Half Marathon Championships. He also competed at the 2001 World Championships, but was disqualified. His personal best marathon time was 2:10:12 hours, achieved in October 2000 in Venice. He had 1:02:09 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 1999 in Milan. In 1996 Barbi tested positive for Ephedrine

neg: Anikó Kálovics 1:08:59 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 2007 in Milan; and 2:29:04 hours in the marathon, achieved in March 2008 in Rome. The first three results are Hungarian records. Anikó Kálovics Anikó Kálovics (born 13 May 1977) is a Hungarian runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres and the marathon. She is a four-time Olympian (2000–2012) and has won both the Venice Marathon and Italian Marathon. She was born in Szombathely, and represents the club Haladás Vasutas Sportegyesület. In the 10,000 metres she finished eighth at the 1998 European Championships, competed at the 2000 Olympic Games and finished

neg: Wodage Zvadya 29:38.88 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Tel Aviv; 1:04:30 hours in the half marathon, achieved at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing; and 2:16:04 seconds in the marathon, achieved in January 2004 in Tiberias. Wodage Zvadya Wodage Zvadya (born 7 September 1973) is an Israeli long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He was an Ethiopian citizen` until 1991 when he emigrated to Israel. He won the silver medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade. His best finish at the European or World Championships was a 22nd place at the 2002 European Championships. He also competed

neg: Gudisa Shentema return at the inaugural Haile Gebrselassie Marathon in Ethiopia. Gudisa Shentema Gudisa Shentema (Amharic: ጉድሳ ሸንተማ; born 19 April 1980 in Ambo) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He won a bronze medal at the 2003 All-Africa Games and finished thirteenth at the 2005 World Championships. He also competed at the 2007 World Championships, but did not finish the race. His personal best time is 2:07:34 hours, achieved in April 2008 at the Paris Marathon. In the half marathon his personal best time is 1:02:23 hours, achieved in September 2005 in Philadelphia. After a two year

neg: Gudisa Shentema Gudisa Shentema Gudisa Shentema (Amharic: ጉድሳ ሸንተማ; born 19 April 1980 in Ambo) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He won a bronze medal at the 2003 All-Africa Games and finished thirteenth at the 2005 World Championships. He also competed at the 2007 World Championships, but did not finish the race. His personal best time is 2:07:34 hours, achieved in April 2008 at the Paris Marathon. In the half marathon his personal best time is 1:02:23 hours, achieved in September 2005 in Philadelphia. After a two year break from the marathon distance, he made a winning

neg: Simonides of Ceos honouring their war-dead at Marathon, which led the tragedian (who had fought at the battle and whose brother had died there) to withdraw sulking to the court of Hieron of Syracuse—the story is probably based on the inventions of comic dramatists but it is likely that Simonides did in fact write some kind of commemorative verses for the Athenian victory at Marathon. His ability to compose tastefully and poignantly on military themes put him in great demand among Greek states after their defeat of the second Persian invasion, when he is known to have composed epitaphs for Athenians, Spartans and

neg: Siege of Eretria of Eretrian nobles betrayed the city to the Persians. The city was plundered, and the population was deported to the village Ardericca in Susiana near the Persian capital. After Eretria, the Persian force sailed for Athens, landing at the bay of Marathon. An Athenian army marched to meet them, and won a famous victory at the Battle of Marathon, thereby ending the first Persian invasion. The main source for the Greco-Persian Wars is the Greek historian Herodotus. Herodotus, who has been called the 'Father of History', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor (then under Persian overlordship). He

neg: Ian Syster metres, achieved in March 2002 in Port Elizabeth. In the longer races he had 1:02:44 hours in the half marathon and 2:07:06 hours in the marathon, both achieved in April 2002 in the London Marathon. Ian Syster and his two-month-old son drowned in December 2004 in Keimoes following a car accident. Ian Syster Ian Syster (20 January 1976 – 25 December 2004) was a South African long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. He was born in Prince Albert. He finished fourteenth at the 2001 World Championships and seventh at the 2003 World Championships. He also competed at the 2004

neg: Nike (mythology) is also one of the most commonly portrayed figures on Greek coins. After victory at the Battle of Marathon, Athenians erected the Nike of Callimachus. Names stemming from Nike include among others: Nikolaos, Nicholas, Nicola, Nick, Nicolai, Niccolò, Nikolai, Nicolae, Nils, Klaas, Nicole, Ike, Niki, Nikita, Nikitas, Nika, Nieke, Naike, Niketas, Nikki, Nico, and Veronica. Nike (mythology) In ancient Greek religion, Nike (; , "Victory" ) was a goddess who personified victory. Her Roman equivalent was Victoria. The word νίκη "nikē" is of uncertain etymology. R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Others have connected it to Proto-Indo-European

neg: Wioletta Kryza Wioletta Kryza Wioletta Kryza also known as Violetta Kryza (born August 10, 1968) is a Polish long-distance runner who is a national champion in the marathon. Between September 20, 1992 and December 2, 2007, Kryza won 26. Kryza's first marathon victory was at the 1992 Montreal International Marathon where she is a three-time champion of the event. Her last victory was at the 2007 California International Marathon. Kryza also won the Zwei Länder Marathon five consecutive times between 1996 and 2000. She won the 2002 Pittsburgh Marathon, but was disqualified and suspended for two-years for failing a drug test. In

neg: Names of the Greeks ethnic slur meaning fraudster (in contrast with "hellénique" which has no negative connotations). "Hellenes" in the wider meaning of the word appears in writing for the first time in an inscription by Echembrotus, dedicated to Heracles for his victory in the Amphictyonic Games, and refers to the 48th Olympiad (584 BC). Simonides of Ceos in his epigram on the tomb of the Athenians who were killed in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) wrote "Ἑλλήνων προμαχοῦντες Ἀθηναῖοι Μαραθῶνι..." "Fighting at the forefront of the Hellenes, the Athenians at Marathon..." and after the Greco-Persian Wars, an inscription was written in Delphi

neg: Wioletta Kryza 2012, she failed another test and was suspended for 8 years. Kryza holds Poland's all-comers record in the women's marathon. Wioletta Kryza Wioletta Kryza also known as Violetta Kryza (born August 10, 1968) is a Polish long-distance runner who is a national champion in the marathon. Between September 20, 1992 and December 2, 2007, Kryza won 26. Kryza's first marathon victory was at the 1992 Montreal International Marathon where she is a three-time champion of the event. Her last victory was at the 2007 California International Marathon. Kryza also won the Zwei Länder Marathon five consecutive times between 1996 and

neg: Battle of Salamis now effectively at war with Persia. Darius thus put together an amphibious task force under Datis and Artaphernes in 490 BC, which attacked Naxos, before receiving the submission of the other Cycladic Islands. The task force then moved on Eretria, which it besieged and destroyed. Finally, it moved to attack Athens, landing at the bay of Marathon, where it was met by a heavily outnumbered Athenian army. At the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia. Darius therefore began raising a huge new army with which

neg: Battle of Artemisium down a well. This meant that Sparta was also effectively at war with Persia. Darius thus put together an amphibious task force under Datis and Artaphernes in 490 BC, which attacked Naxos, before receiving the submission of the other Cycladic Islands. The task force then moved on Eretria, which it besieged and destroyed. Finally, it moved to attack Athens, landing at the bay of Marathon, where it was met by a heavily outnumbered Athenian army. At the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia. Darius therefore

neg: Decisive victory Decisive victory A decisive victory is a military victory in battle that definitively resolves the objective being fought over, ending one stage of the conflict and beginning another stage. Until a decisive victory is achieved, conflict over the competing objectives will continue. Like all concepts of warfare, a decisive battle can take place from the tactical or unit level (Pavlov's House during the Battle of Stalingrad or the Chew House at the Battle of Germantown), the operational level (the Battle of Cowpens or the Battle of Cannae), all the way up to the strategic level (the Battle of Saratoga) or

neg: Makiko Ito Marathon, in a course record of 2:38:20 hours. Makiko Ito Makiko Ito (; born 18 January 1973) is a Japanese female former long-distance runner who specialised in the marathon. She represented her country at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1997. Her greatest achievement was a win at the Tokyo Women's Marathon in 1997. She achieved her career best time that year at the Rotterdam Marathon, recording 2:26:03 hours for third place. From Kazuno, Akita, her entire career came in the 1990s. She also had top five finishes at the Nagoya Women's Marathon, Sapporo Half Marathon and Hokkaido Marathon.

neg: Andrew Masai (1985, 1987, 1989). Among his road victories were the Giro al Sas (twice), Roma-Ostia Half Marathon (twice), Lyon Half Marathon (twice), the Paris Half Marathon and Indianapolis Half Marathon. He had one win over the marathon distance at the Südtirol Marathon in 1995. He ran twice at the New York City Marathon (1991 and 1993) and at the Boston Marathon in 1992, but did not place highly. His half marathon best of 60:42 was achieved at the Stramilano race in 1993, where he was runner-up, where his marathon best of 2:11:01 hours was achieved in third place at the 1994

neg: Makiko Ito Makiko Ito Makiko Ito (; born 18 January 1973) is a Japanese female former long-distance runner who specialised in the marathon. She represented her country at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1997. Her greatest achievement was a win at the Tokyo Women's Marathon in 1997. She achieved her career best time that year at the Rotterdam Marathon, recording 2:26:03 hours for third place. From Kazuno, Akita, her entire career came in the 1990s. She also had top five finishes at the Nagoya Women's Marathon, Sapporo Half Marathon and Hokkaido Marathon. She was the 1998 winner of the Otawara

neg: Khalid Kamal Yaseen Khalid Kamal Yaseen Khalid Kamal Yaseen (born 10 October 1982) is a Bahraini long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He was born in Kenya as Peter Ndegwa, but changed name and nationality in 2005. He won the silver medal at the 2006 Asian Games. He finished 29th at the 2007 World Championships, 39th at the 2008 World Cross Country Championships and 40th at the 2007 World Championships. He won the Madrid Marathon in 2009. His personal best times are 28:10.89 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 2006 in Neerpelt; 1:02:35 hours in the half marathon, achieved in

neg: Decisive victory Admiral Mahan famously emphasized that naval operations were chiefly to be won by decisive battles and blockade. Decisive victory A decisive victory is a military victory in battle that definitively resolves the objective being fought over, ending one stage of the conflict and beginning another stage. Until a decisive victory is achieved, conflict over the competing objectives will continue. Like all concepts of warfare, a decisive battle can take place from the tactical or unit level (Pavlov's House during the Battle of Stalingrad or the Chew House at the Battle of Germantown), the operational level (the Battle of Cowpens or

neg: Satoshi Irifune Satoshi Irifune In the 10,000 metres he finished 20th at the 1999 World Championships. He finished eighteenth at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships, and in the marathon he finished 20th at the 2005 World Championships, fourth at the 2006 Asian Games and 14th at the 2009 World Championships. His personal best times are 7:56.80 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Kushiro; 27:53.92 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 2001 in Palo Alto; 1:01:36 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 2005 in Yamaguchi; and 2:09:23 hours in the marathon, achieved in December

neg: Danny Kassap Danny Kassap Danny Tshindind Kassap (24 June 1982 – 2 May 2011) was a Congolese-Canadian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. He competed at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie in Canada, and subsequently settled in Toronto. Kassap worked in a fish and chips shop while pursuing a career in running. At the 2004 Toronto Waterfront Marathon, which he won, he achieved his lifetime best time in the marathon, of 2:14:50 hours. Kassap also set a national record for the DR Congo when he ran the 10,000 metres in 28:57.28 minutes, achieved in July 2003 in Hamilton. He finished

neg: Paul Biwott had a personal best run of 2:08.18, finishing second only to Salim Kipsang. He also managed to finish seventh at the 2005 World Championships that year. At the 2007 Eindhoven Marathon Biwott took second place with a time of 2:09:56, finishing behind Philip Singoei who ran a course record. In 2009, Biwott won the Groet uit Schoorl Half Marathon. In the 2009 season he was third at both the Vienna Marathon and JoongAng Seoul Marathon. Biwott's personal best time is 2:07:02 hours, achieved when he finished third in the 2009 Amsterdam Marathon. He came close to winning the Eindhoven Marathon

neg: Stylianos Kyriakides the Olympic marathon at the London Games. He died in Athens in 1987. A sculpture of Kyriakides called "The Spirit of the Marathon" was unveiled in Boston in 2004. It is at the 1-mile mark of the marathon in Hopkinton. It was commissioned by the Hopkinton Athletic Association and was dedicated in 2006 to mark the 60th anniversary of Kyriakides' victory in the 1946 race. ""The winner of the 50th Boston Marathon, Kyriakides used his victory as a call to action to aid his war and famine-ravaged homeland. Kyriakides, who narrowly escaped execution during World War II during the Nazi

neg: Possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain being the American Civil War). Such writings express ideas of what the world would be like had the Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Japan won World War II. Possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain There is much speculation on the possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain including how the war might have progressed if the Germans had achieved their objective of suppressing the British air defences. The Battle of Britain (German: "Luftschlacht um England" or "Luftschlacht um Großbritannien", literally "Air battle for England" or "Air battle for Great Britain")

neg: Possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain Possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain There is much speculation on the possible results of a German victory at the Battle of Britain including how the war might have progressed if the Germans had achieved their objective of suppressing the British air defences. The Battle of Britain (German: "Luftschlacht um England" or "Luftschlacht um Großbritannien", literally "Air battle for England" or "Air battle for Great Britain") is the name given to the Second World War air campaign waged by the German Air Force ("Luftwaffe") against the United Kingdom during the summer and autumn of 1940.

neg: Birgit Jerschabek Ludwigshafen during this part of her career. Her personal best times were 32:14.75 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 1990 in Helsinki; 1:10:53 hours in the half marathon, achieved at the 1992 World Half Marathon Championships; and 2:28:02 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 1995 Lisbon Marathon. Birgit Jerschabek Birgit Jerschabek-Keipke (born 17 May 1969) is a retired (East) German long-distance runner. She was born in Ludwigslust. As a junior, she won the 10,000 metrees at the 1987 European Junior Championships and finished sixth at the 1988 World Junior Championships. She finished sixteenth in 10,000 metres at

neg: Ji Young-jun years off his top form, he re-established himself at the 2009 Daegu Marathon by knocking thirteen seconds off his best to win the race in a time of 2:08:30. He won the gold medal in the marathon at the 2010 Asian games in Guangzhou, China, running 2:11:11. Ji Young-jun Ji Young-jun (born 15 October 1981 in Seoul) is a South Korean long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. His personal best times are 13:49.99 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in June 2006 in Shibetsu; 29:42.38 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 2002 in Uijeongbu; and 2:08:30 hours

neg: Ji Young-jun Ji Young-jun Ji Young-jun (born 15 October 1981 in Seoul) is a South Korean long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. His personal best times are 13:49.99 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in June 2006 in Shibetsu; 29:42.38 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in June 2002 in Uijeongbu; and 2:08:30 hours in the marathon, achieved in April 2009 in Daegu. He finished seventeenth at the 2004 Olympic Games, and seventh at the 2006 Asian Games. He also competed at the 2003 and 2009 World Championships; on the latter occasion he did not finish the race. After a few

neg: Callimachus (polemarch) the battlefield. Athenians kept his promise, in spirit, and every year sacrificed 500 goats, because they didn't have enough goats for every single Persian who was killed at the battle (6,400). After the battle of Marathon, Athenians created a statue in honour of Callimachus. The statue was the ""Nike (Victory) of Callimachus"" and it was erected next to the Parthenon (not the Parthenon that we can see today, but the previous temple which was destroyed by the Persians) on the Acropolis of Athens. The statue was severely damaged by the Persians when a decade later they conquered Athens and burned

neg: Charles Albert of Sardinia the Mincio. After nearly two weeks, he had made it to the front. At the opening of hostilities, on 8 and 9 April, Italian sharpshooters had achieved success in the first battle of the campaign at the Battle of Goito Bridge. After crossing the Mincio with his army, Charles Albert achieved another victory on 30 April at Pastrengo, where he saw the front lines. The units under his command attacked some Austrians who had been dispersed by a charge of the carabinieri on horseback. On 2 May, in the midst of this triumphant atmosphere, news arrived that Pius IX had

neg: Lee Sun-young Lee Sun-young Lee Sun-young (born 20 April 1984) is a South Korean long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. She finished seventh in 10,000 metres at the 2005 Asian Championships and competed in the 2008 Olympic marathon. She won her first national marathon in 2008, winning the JoongAng Seoul Marathon in 2:29:58. She improved further the following year as achieved a personal best time of 2:27:48 at the Seoul International Marathon in March 2009. She won the JoongAng Marathon for a second time later that year, running a tactical race and beating the next best competitor by over three minutes.

neg: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics a two-day run to seek Spartan help against the invading Persians in the Battle of Marathon, and then ran from the town of Marathon to Athens days later to announce the victory, dying as a result of his heroic efforts. The race started in Marathon, and ran for 40 kilometres over dusty roads to Athens. The Greek public, disappointed as there had not yet been a Greek victor in athletics, was overjoyed when it was announced during the race that a Greek runner had taken the lead. When Spiridon Louis, a water carrier from Maroussi, arrived in the stadium he

neg: Gloria Marconi July 2001 in Catania; 15:31.02 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in July 2004 in Florence; and 32:28.65 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in April 2003 in Athens. She had a greater success in road running. In the half marathon she competed at the 2001 and 2002 World Half Marathon Championships, and finished eleventh at the 2004 World Half Marathon Championships. Marconi took back-to-back victories at the Roma-Ostia Half Marathon in 2002 and 2003. As a debutant in the marathon race she won the 2003 edition of the Rome City Marathon. She finished 42nd in this event at the

neg: Rachid Ghanmouni Rachid Ghanmouni Rachid Ghanmouni (born 1 January 1978) is a Moroccan long-distance runner. He was born in Rich, Rachidia. He finished thirteenth in the marathon race at the 2003 World Championships in a personal best time of 2:10:56 hours. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games, but did not finish. He finished 27th at the 2003 World Half Marathon Championships and 34th at the 2004 World Half Marathon Championships. His personal best times are 2:09:11 in the marathon, achieved in April 2006 in the Paris Marathon; and 1:01:36 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 2003 in Safi.

neg: Battle of the Gates of Trajan Bulgarian capital Preslav, the victory at the Gates of Trajan extended the Bulgarian successes achieved since 976. Later on Tsar Samuil moved the capital from Preslav in the northeast to Ohrid in the southwest. The memory of the great victory over Basil II was preserved thirty years later in the Bitola inscription of Ivan Vladislav (1015–1018), the son of Aron. In addition to the Bitola inscription where the victory of Samuil, commander of the Bulgarian army, is mentioned in summary form, several medieval historians have written accounts for the battle. Among them were "Leo the Deacon" who was an eyewitness

neg: Marathon tumuli their command structure fell into disarray and as soldiers scrambled onto their ships. Herodotus claims that the Greeks counted 6,400 dead Persians on the field, but could make no account for those who fled into the swamps off to the north of the battlefield. Herodotus states that the Athenians lost 192 men in the battle and the Plataeans lost 11. There are three monuments of the plain of Marathon, the Athenian Tumulus, the Plataean Tumulus, and a victory column erected by the Athenians. Both tumuli are fairly standard with hemispherical shapes and with the dead interred within the hole left

neg: Claudia Metzner metres, achieved in June 1994 in Saint-Denis; 1:11:19 hours in the half marathon, achieved in July 1993 in Roermond; and 2:33:20 hours in the marathon, achieved at the 1992 Frankfurt Marathon. Claudia Metzner Claudia Metzner (born 5 May 1966) is a retired German long-distance runner. She finished lowly at the 1990 World Cross Country Championships, did not finish the marathon race at the 1993 World Championships and finished fourteenth in the 10,000 metres at the 1994 European Championships Lokar became German 3000 metres champion in 1990 as well as cross-country running champion in 1992 and 1993 (short race). She also

neg: Bazu Worku the Dubai Marathon and also entered the 2012 London Marathon, but did not make the top ten in either race. He was runner-up at the Chinese Lanzhou Marathon then managed fifth at the Frankfurt Marathon. He began 2013 with wins at the Houston Marathon and Grandma's Marathon in the United States. He was close to third victory at the Eindhoven Marathon, but was beaten to the top spot by Yemane Tsegay. Bazu Worku Bazu Worku (born 15 September 1990) is a long-distance runner from Ethiopia who competes in marathon races. Worku made his first appearances on the road running circuit

neg: Julia Mumbi Muraga the 2014 Cologne Marathon in a time of 2:28:00 hours, but tested positive for EPO post-race. She was stripped of her victory and given a two-year ban from competition. Julia Mumbi Muraga Julia Mumbi Muraga (born January 25, 1984) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in marathon races. She is based in Japan. She made her marathon debut at the 2006 Beijing Marathon but finished outside of the top ten women. She was fifth at the 2007 Nagoya Marathon, fourth at the Sapporo Half Marathon, then won that year's Kobe Half Marathon. At the beginning of 2008 she won

neg: Paraguay Marathon Club crowned champion of the 2015 Paraguayan Athletics Championships, where it achieved a score of 139. Paraguay Marathon Club Paraguay Marathon Club initialed PMC is a track and field athletics club based in the city of Asunción in Paraguay. The club is affiliated with the Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo. The current president of the Paraguay Marathon Club is Myrta Doldán, who is also president of the Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo. At national level, Paraguay Marathon Club is the best athletics club in Paraguay along with Club Sol de América and the Asociación de Atletismo del Alto Paraná. Paraguay Marathon Club was

neg: Djibouti at the 1984 Summer Olympics men's marathon. The marathon started at Santa Monica College and the finish line was on the track at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Djama Robleh was the flagbearer for Djibouti. He completed the marathon in two hours, eleven minutes and thirty-nine seconds finishing in eighth place. Since this was Djibouti's first Olympics, Robleh set Djibouti's Olympic Record for the marathon. Robleh finished before two of the three marathoners who were considered the best at the time, Toshihiko Seko and Alberto Salazar.In what was his sixth ever marathon, Ahmed Salah finished in 2:15:59 and achieved twentieth place. Salah won a bronze

neg: Satoshi Irifune 2008 in the Fukuoka Marathon. Satoshi Irifune In the 10,000 metres he finished 20th at the 1999 World Championships. He finished eighteenth at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships, and in the marathon he finished 20th at the 2005 World Championships, fourth at the 2006 Asian Games and 14th at the 2009 World Championships. His personal best times are 7:56.80 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Kushiro; 27:53.92 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 2001 in Palo Alto; 1:01:36 hours in the half marathon, achieved in April 2005 in Yamaguchi; and 2:09:23 hours in

neg: Battle of Plataea new phase of the Greco-Persian Wars. Although Plataea was in every sense a resounding victory, it does not seem to have been attributed the same significance (even at the time) as, for example, the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon or the Spartan defeat at Thermopylae. The Greek city-states of Athens and Eretria had supported the unsuccessful Ionian Revolt against the Persian Empire of Darius I in 499–494 BC. The Persian Empire was still relatively young and prone to revolts by its subject peoples. Moreover, Darius was an usurper and had to spend considerable time putting down revolts against

neg: Godfrey Kiprotich in the early 2000s saw him pace at the Chicago Marathon, New York City Marathon, the Los Angeles Marathon, Country Music Marathon and the Dubai Marathon. He did manage to finish the distance on one occasion, recording a modest time of 2:23:58 at the 1999 Rotterdam Marathon. Godfrey Kiprotich Godfrey Chirchir Kiprotich (born 23 November 1964) is a Kenyan former long-distance runner who specialised in road running. He was a team gold medallist at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1994, placing fourth to lead a team including Shem Kororia and Andrew Masai to victory. Kiprotich grew up running

neg: Silvia Sommaggio best finish at the World Cross Country Championships was 31st in 2000. She finished 28th at the 2001 World Half Marathon Championships, 36th at the 2002 World Half Marathon Championships and 30th at the 2006 World Road Running Championships. In the 3000 metres her personal best time was 8:59.18 minutes (indoor), achieved in August 1975 in Nice; in the 5000 metres she had 15:20.89 minutes, achieved at the 1995 World Championships; and in the 10,000 metres she had 31:24.12 minutes, achieved in August 2000 in Heusden. In the half marathon she had 1:12:14 hours, achieved at the 2001 World Half

neg: Marathon, Greece on account of the victory which the Athenians here gained over the Persians in 490 BCE (Battle of Marathon). After Miltiades (the general of the Greek forces) defeated Darius' Persian forces, the Persians decided to sail from Marathon to Athens in order to sack the unprotected city. Miltiades ordered all his hoplite forces to march "double time" back to Athens, so that by the time Darius' troops arrived they saw the same Greek force waiting for them. Although the name Marathon had a positive resonance in Europe in the nineteenth century, for some time that was sullied by the Dilessi

neg: Mluleki Nobanda Mluleki Nobanda Mluleki Nobanda (born 15 November 1968) is a South African long-distance runner who competes in half marathons and marathons. He was a team gold medallist at the 1999 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships with Hendrick Ramaala and Abner Chipu after finishing tenth with a personal best time of 62:17 minutes. He has won marathons in three continents, having taken the Belgrade Marathon in 2001, Taipei International Marathon in 2002, and numerous marathons in South Africa. He has also won the prestigious 56 km Two Oceans Marathon. He achieved his personal best at the 1999 Reims Marathon, running a

neg: Battle of La Victoria (1814) knowing victory Ribas granted the title of "Winner of the Tyrants". On 12 February 1947, the Constituent Assembly decreed that Colombia would celebrate each anniversary of the battle as "Youth Day", in honor of the young people who achieved this important victory. In Victoria's main square there is a sculptural group made by Eloy Palacios, erected in 1895, representing Ribas showing a youth how to use a rifle. Battle of La Victoria (1814) The battle of La Victoria was a battle of the Venezuelan War of Independence, in which royalist forces under Jose Tomas Boves tried to take the city

neg: Alena Vinnitskaya (athlete) In 2007, she won second place in the 2007 Twin Cities Marathon, followed by a victory in the 2008 Georgia Marathon. In 2010, she finished fourth at 26.2 with Donna and won the Pittsburgh Marathon. Alena Vinnitskaya (athlete) Alena Vinnitskaya (; born 23 August 1973) is a Belarusian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. In the 10,000 metres she finished tenth at the 1992 World Junior Championships. After that she concentrated on the marathon. She finished 31st at the 1997 World Championships, and 28th at the 1998 European Championships. She also won the Prague Marathon in 1996, 1997 and

neg: Panphobia πᾶν - "pan", neuter of "πᾶς" - "pas", "all" and φόβος - "phobos", "fear". The Greek root word "pan" (ex. "pan"-ic) describes "the unpleasant state inflicted by the intervention of the god Pan." Pan is characterized as a human–animal hybrid who "appeared as the agent of "panic" fear (that collective, animal-like disorder that seizes military camps at rest, especially at night) and of a form of individual possession (panolepsy)." According to Herodotus, it was Pan who was able to lead the Athenians to victory in the Battle of Marathon, forcing the Persians to flee. It has been argued that "pantophobia"

neg: Niobid Painter represent. One option is that they are the Argonauts awaiting favorable winds in Iolcos. Alternatively the scene depicts the episode of Heracles' descent into Hades to rescue Theseus and Pirithous, who were guilty of an attempted abduction of Persephone. Another possibility is that Heracles is a statue and that the men surrounding him are Athenian soldiers who wish to place themselves under the protection of the divine hero before the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians attributed their victory in that battle to the support of Heracles and instituted a cult to him. A single arrow in the lower right corner

neg: Chen Rong (athlete) Chen Rong (athlete) Chen Rong (born 18 May 1988 in Hebei) is a female Chinese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. She was selected to represent her country at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not compete. Her first major victory in the marathon came in 2007, when she won at the Beijing International Marathon, setting a personal best time of 2:27:05. She won the Xiamen International Marathon in 2009 with a time of 2:29:52. Chen took her first win at the Dalian Marathon in 2010, completing the distance in 2:30:09. She was the runner-up at the Beijing Marathon

neg: Gloria Marconi 2003 World Championships, and second in the 2004 Milan Marathon. In 2006, she finished 26th at the inaugural World Road Running Championships. After a long competitive break, she completed her first marathon since 2006 at the 2011 Florence Marathon, taking third place in a time of 2:34:57 hours at the age of 43. Her personal best times on the road are 1:09:25 hours in the half marathon, achieved in October 2006 in Ostia; and 2:29:35 hours in the marathon, achieved in March 2003 in Rome. She has won 6 times the individual national championship. Gloria Marconi Gloria Marconi (born 31

neg: Tatyana Titova (runner) Tatyana Titova (runner) Tatyana Titova () (born August 6, 1965) is a retired long-distance runner from Russia who has won eleven marathons during her career. Her personal best of 2:29:36 was set during her victory at the 2004 San Diego Rock 'n' Roll Marathon. Titova is a three-time winner of the Columbus Marathon (1996, 1999, 2001) and a two-time winner of the California International Marathon (2002, 2003). She has also won a number of other marathons including the Paris Marathon (1992), the Hartford Marathon (1999), the Austin Marathon (2000), the Green Bay Marathon (2002), and the Gasparilla Distance Classic Marathon

neg: Maja Neuenschwander 2:33:45 at the 2011 Berlin Marathon then 2:31:56 to take the runner-up spot at the Zurich Marathon. The start of the 2013 brought Neuenschwander a personal best of 2:30:50 with which she was the runner-up at the Hamburg Marathon. Maja Neuenschwander Maja Neuenschwander (born 13 February 1980 in Bern, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss long-distance runner who competes in marathon races. Her personal best for the marathon distance is 2:30:09 hours – run at the 2015 Vienna Marathon where she was the first female runner overall (the first Swiss victory in history). She has represented her country in the

neg: Battle of Koregaon Naravane, "this gallant defense by a small number of Company's troops against an overwhelming Maratha force is rightly considered as one of the most glorious example of valour and fortitude in the annals of the Company's forces." Neither side achieved a decisive victory in the battle. Shortly after the battle, Mountstuart Elphinstone described it as a "small victory" for the Peshwa. Nevertheless, the East India Company government praised the bravery of its troops, who could not be overpowered despite being outnumbered. Notwithstanding this, the battle being one of the last ones to be fought in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, has

neg: Abebu Gelan Abebu Gelan Abebu Gelan Adugna (born 18 January 1990) is an Ethiopian female long-distance runner who competes mainly in road running competitions. She has represented Ethiopia three times internationally, competing as a junior at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 2007, then twice as a senior at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships (2008, 2009). She was a team gold medallist at the 2008 World Half Marathon. Her half marathon best of 67:57 minutes was achieved in 2009. This time was a world junior best for the distance. She won the Agadir Half Marathon and Cross de l'Acier races

neg: Lyudmila Petrova personal best times were 8.59.15 minutes in the 3000 metres (indoor), achieved at the 1996 European Indoor Championships in Stockholm; 15.20.44 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in July 1996 in St. Petersburg; and 31:36.76 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 2003 in Palo Alto. She has specialized in road running. In the international championships she finished ninth at the 1998 European Championships, and eighth at the 2004 Olympic Games. She also finished seventh at the 1999 World Half Marathon Championships, eighteenth at the 1999 World Half Marathon Championships and thirteenth at the 2002 World Half Marathon Championships.

neg: Dan Robinson (athlete) confident of running at both the 2010 European Athletics Championships and 2010 Commonwealth Games, which he had achieved the qualifying times for. Dan Robinson (athlete) Daniel ("Dan") Stephen Robinson (born 13 January 1975 in Cheltenham) is a former English long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He represented Great Britain in the marathon at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic games. He won the bronze medal in the marathon race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. However, David Bedford (director of the London Marathon) criticised male British runners for not training hard enough and falling behind their foreign counterparts. Robinson disputed this

neg: William Kipsang him fare worse than the previous year, managing only ninth in 2:16:43, but his run of 2:14:53 hours for third at the Beirut Marathon was his best time and placing in a marathon since 2008. At the 2013 Milan City Marathon he came sixth in 2:16:24, but a run of 2:13:34 at the Beirut Marathon saw him take his first victory at a race in over five years. William Kipsang William Rop Kipsang (born 26 June 1977) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He has won marathons in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Beirut and Seoul. His personal best

neg: Mario Marathon July 10, 2009. Chris "SlouchGuy" Deckard expanded the player roster to take the place of Dan May, who was out of the country. The event raised $29,082.76 and lasted over four days. It was also the first year that "Mario Marathon" started to finish various "Mario" games at 100% completion. The third "Mario Marathon" started on June 25, 2010 and raised $82,382.70 over 109 hours. This was the first year to include Skype interactivity with both Wil Wheaton and Felicia Day making Skype calls during the Marathon. "Mario Marathon 2010" also achieved $25,310 within the first 24 hours, nearly the