query: what is the geographic territory claimed by a gang

pos: Gang and kidnapping. Cocaine is the primary drug of distribution by gangs in America, which have used the cities Chicago, Cape Town, and Rio de Janeiro to transport drugs internationally. Brazilian urbanization has driven the drug trade to the favelas of Rio. Often, gangs hire "lookouts" to warn members of upcoming law enforcement. The dense environments of favelas in Rio and public housing projects in Chicago have helped gang members hide from police easily. Street gangs take over territory or "turf" in a particular city and are often involved in "providing protection", often a thin cover for extortion, as the "protection"

pos: Chicano art movement Graffiti often has negative associations with serving territorial purposes for gangs, displaying tags and logos that differentiate certain groups from others, therefore marking their “turf”. Within Chicano barrios, gangs use their own form of graffiti or tagging to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Gang members also often use graffiti to designate membership, differentiate rivals and alliances, and mark ideological borders. Imagery of gang-related graffiti often consists of cryptic symbols and initials with unique calligraphy styles. Graffiti is arguably perceived as unacceptable, claimed to degrade the “look” or value of properties’ walls or buildings in

pos: Yardie piece of land, "yardie" further gained gang or criminal connotations as Jamaican gangs or criminals claimed certain "territories" or "turf" and referred to such territory as their "yards." Subsequently, in the U.K. and, to a lesser extent, North America, the term "Yardie" most frequently refers to gangsters or gangs of Jamaica origin, though these gang members themselves may refer to their gangs as "posses" or "crews." The term is especially common in the U.K. to describe Jamaican or British Jamaican organized crime groups and gangs, while "posse" has become the more common term in North America. In the 1950s in

pos: Tsuppari Wars Tsuppari Wars Once the main gang leader is defeated in either or mode, the remaining members of the gang switch membership to become a gray-colored gang that does not have a leader. Consequently, all territory that belonged to leader that was killed in combat becomes neutral territory with a number describing the strength of the "neutral gangs." These "neutral gangs" will attempt to defend their turf. In order for a gang with colors (red, blue, or green) to use the land as their own, they must eliminate all the gangsters in that territory. However, invasions can be canceled before they

neg: United States territory Guard. Federal and state governments share economic and regulatory jurisdiction over the waters owned by the country. (See tidelands.) The United States is not restricted from making laws governing its own territory by international law. United States territory can include occupied territory, which is a geographic area that claims sovereignty, but is being forcibly subjugated to the authority of the United States of America. United States territory can also include disputed territory, which is a geographic area claimed by the United States of America and one (or more) rival governments. Under the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, United States

neg: Monkey Thieves through. Meanwhile, the rest of the Galta Gang continue their search for food and end up at the city's fruit market. Here, a fresh supply of fruits are easy pickings for the ravenous troop and the Galta Gang begin to stock up on the rich pickings, but of coarse such a productive territory like this is already claimed by another rhesus macaque troop. The owner of this prime patch is Fang, a large male macaque whose prominent scar gives him a distinguishing feature. Fang and his formidable troop are fiercely protective of their territory and with very good reason, their

neg: Broad River (Carolinas) highways (Note: this list at times may be incomplete) North Carolina South Carolina According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Broad River has also been known as It was also known in colonial times as the English Broad River to distinguish it from the French Broad River which also originates in western North Carolina, but flows northwest into what was then part of the claimed territory of New France. The present name is descriptive of the river's width. Broad River (Carolinas) The Broad River is a principal tributary of the Congaree River, about 150 miles (240 km) long, in

neg: King Cobras (gang) King Cobras (gang) The King Cobras are a prominent gang in New Zealand. The King Cobras were founded in Ponsonby, sometime in the 1950s, and are prominently Polynesian and Māori. The King Cobras claimed territory runs from Central Auckland down to Mangere, Papatoetoe and the Cobras have proven to be very violent in cases regarding territory. The Cobras presence starts in the North Shore, and travels as far down south as the Hutt Valley and Wellington region. The Cobras have proven to be very violent and have been involved in major cases of drug dealing. The Cobras have had a

neg: King Cobras (gang) King Cobras (gang) The King Cobras are a prominent gang in New Zealand. The King Cobras were founded in Ponsonby, sometime in the 1950s, and are prominently Polynesian and Māori. The King Cobras claimed territory runs from Central Auckland down to Mangere, Papatoetoe and the Cobras have proven to be very violent in cases regarding territory. The Cobras presence starts in the North Shore, and travels as far down south as the Hutt Valley and Wellington region. The Cobras have proven to be very violent and have been involved in major cases of drug dealing. The Cobras have had a

neg: New Swabia Norwegian writer Bjarne Aagaard and German geographer Ernst Herrmann, have claimed that Germany never actually occupied the territory, it is well documented that Germany issued a decree about the establishment of a German Antarctic Sector called New Swabia after the expedition's return in August 1939. Because the area was first explored by a German expedition, the name "Neuschwabenland" ("New Swabia") is still used for the region on some maps, as are many of the German names given to its geographic features. Some geographic features mapped by the expedition were not named until the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by

neg: Bob Dalton (outlaw) Territory on July 14, 1892. The train was again loaded with deputies, but the gang was quick and quiet enough not to disturb the marshals until the job was nearly completed. Exiting from the train the marshals engaged the gang in a violent but short gun battle. The battle claimed the life of an innocent bystander and wounded another. The Dalton Gang escaped without casualties and with the cash. The gang split to pursue their own goals after the Adair raid. Bob and his brothers were deeply concerned with the pressure put upon them by the law. They decided to

neg: Gangs in the United States the 1970s and 1980s. Out of the prison system of Illinois came two gang alliances by the late 1970s: the Folk Nation and the People Nation alliances. These two alliances included a variety of white, black, and Hispanic gangs and claimed territory in and around Chicago and other Midwestern cities. Another of these federated alliances were the Latin Kings, originally a Chicago-based Latino gang. In the case of the West, nearly every major city in California reported gang activity by the mid-1970s, and often it was related to gangs affiliating themselves with the Bloods or Crips. By the 1990s, Northeastern

neg: L.A.M.F. L.A.M.F. L.A.M.F. is the only studio album by the American band The Heartbreakers, which included Johnny Thunders, Jerry Nolan, Walter Lure and Billy Rath. The music is a mixture of punk and rock and roll. "L.A.M.F." stands for "Like a Mother Fucker"; in a 1977 interview in the UK monthly magazine "Zigzag", Thunders said this originated from New York gang graffiti. Thunders claimed the gangs would add the LAMF tag after writing their gang name. However, if they were on another gang's territory they would write "D.T.K.L.A.M.F" (Down to Kill Like a Mother Fucker). The original, vinyl release of the

neg: L.A.M.F. authorship to Joey, Johnny and Dee Dee Ramone. L.A.M.F. L.A.M.F. is the only studio album by the American band The Heartbreakers, which included Johnny Thunders, Jerry Nolan, Walter Lure and Billy Rath. The music is a mixture of punk and rock and roll. "L.A.M.F." stands for "Like a Mother Fucker"; in a 1977 interview in the UK monthly magazine "Zigzag", Thunders said this originated from New York gang graffiti. Thunders claimed the gangs would add the LAMF tag after writing their gang name. However, if they were on another gang's territory they would write "D.T.K.L.A.M.F" (Down to Kill Like a

neg: William T. Anderson on the Santa Fe Trail. William and Jim Anderson soon formed a gang with a man named Bill Reed; in February 1863, the "Lexington Weekly Union" recorded that Reed was the leader of the gang. William Quantrill, a Confederate guerrilla leader, later claimed to have encountered Reed's company in July and rebuked them for robbing Confederate sympathizers; in their biography of Anderson, Albert Castel and Tom Goodrich speculate that this rebuke may have resulted in a deep resentment of Quantrill by Anderson. Anderson and his gang subsequently traveled east of Jackson County, Missouri, avoiding territory where Quantrill operated and continuing

neg: Quality Street Gang Flood gave evidence in a High Court hearing that his father Douglas Firkin-Flood had been a member of the gang who had been involved in the fight, although the claim was later denied by Floods's son Ian, who pointed out that several conflicting versions of the story exist. On his website, the former gangster Frankie Fraser doubts that the incident ever happened, as the Krays travelled exclusively by car and were uninterested in expanding their territory outside London. In his autobiography 'Undesirables', Manchester United football hooligan Colin Blaney has claimed that members of the Quality Street Gang had links to

neg: Bugs Moran scene. The seventh man, Frank Gusenberg, was taken to a hospital, where he refused to identify his killers following the gangster's code of silence, and later died. When Moran saw the carnage, he broke the gangster code, accusing Capone of the murders. No one was convicted of the crime, and Capone denied all involvement in the massacre. Capone was called to court, however, but claimed to be sick both times. The tactic worked, and Capone never was convicted. Moran managed to keep control of his territory and what remained of his gang through the end of Prohibition and through the

neg: Lisa Ling the September 11, 2001 attacks, in which she said, "What happened to the United States was a catastrophic event and the worst terrorist attack in human history. Yet maybe before we seek revenge, we should ask the question – why should anyone want to make such an attack on the U.S.?" Ling accepted an offer to host "National Geographic Ultimate Explorer." In 2005, the show moved to the National Geographic Channel and returned to its original name, "National Geographic Explorer". Ling has covered the drug war in Colombia, investigated the notorious MS-13 gang, and explored the culture of U.S. prisons.

neg: Semiotics perhaps. Symbols in gangs are used for different things. Not just to show which gang a person is associated with but to express what has happened in their gang and in their individual lives. Gangs were first created to strengthen a certain ethnic group. They are very territorial. To show which territory is theirs they will mark the streets so that other gangs are aware. There are special ways to read gang signs and their tattoos: left to right, top to bottom. They may also make the tattoo or graffiti cluttered so that it is hard to read. Each gang

neg: Northern Canada legal principles. Canada and the Soviet Union/Russia have long claimed that their territory extends according to the sector principle to the North Pole. The United States does not accept the sector principle and does not make a sector claim based on its Alaskan Arctic coast. Claims that undersea geographic features are extensions of a country's continental shelf are also used to support claims; for example the Denmark/Greenland claim on territory to the North Pole, some of which is disputed by Canada. Foreign ships, both civilian and military, are allowed the right of innocent passage through the territorial waters of a

neg: Guardian Angels Areas. Walking sometimes 10 miles during the course of a four-hour patrol, Angels even crossed the Sacramento River into neighboring Yolo County to patrol what were then the communities of Bend and Brite, now incorporated into West Sacramento. The Oak Park patrols went through what was Crips territory, a gang originating in Los Angeles. The Crips were identified by blue rags hanging from their pockets; their rival gang, the Bloods, did the same thing but used red rags. Since the uniform of the Guardian Angels is a red and white T-shirt, the Crips at the time considered them enemies while

neg: Menace of Destruction back by performing a drive-by shooting in North Sacramento at the Asian Family Gangsters. A shotgun blast to the head of a rival gang member led to his death from the Menace of Destruction. What was outstanding about the shooting was that the M.O.D went into their rival gang territory to shoot and kill a rival gang member to show them who was tougher. Around the same period, the Menace of Destruction was also responsible of killing a rival Lao gang member and another one two years later in 1995. Two teens surrendered to Spokane police in connection with a

neg: Crime family Crime family A crime family is a unit of an organized crime syndicate, particularly the Mafia (both in Sicily and in the United States), often operating within a specific geographic territory. In its strictest sense, a "family" (or "clan") is a criminal gang, operating either on a unitary basis or as an organized collection of smaller gangs (e.g., "cells", "factions", "crews", etc.). In turn, a family can be a sole "enterprise", or part of a larger syndicate or cartel. The origins of the term come from the Sicilian Mafia. In the Sicilian language, the word "cosca", which literally translates into

neg: East Hampton (town), New York part of the culture that also occupied territory on the northern side of Long Island Sound, in what is now Connecticut of southern New England. They belong to the large Algonquian-speaking language family. Bands on Long Island were identified by their geographic locations. The historical people known to the colonists as the Montaukett controlled most of the territory at the east end of Long Island. Native Americans inhabiting the western part of Long Island were part of the Lenape nation, whose language is also in the Algonquian family. Their territory extended to lower New York, western Connecticut and the mid-Atlantic

neg: Gopher Gang Gopher Gang The Gopher Gang was an early 20th-century New York street gang known for its members including Goo Goo Knox, James "Biff" Ellison, and Owney Madden. Based in the Irish neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen, the Gopher Gang grew to control most of Manhattan with their territory covering Fourth to Forty-Second Street and Seventh to Eleventh Avenue. The Gopher Gang formed from various local street gangs in the 1890s, numbering around 500 members, into what later became a committee including Marty Brennan, Stumpy Malarkey, and Newburg Gallegher. The committee met semi-regularly at their headquarters known as Battle Row, a saloon

neg: Web of the City the teenage street gangs of Brooklyn. Before writing the novel, Ellison became a member of the Brooklyn gang "The Barons" under an assumed name. The gang's territory was in Red Hook, considered to be one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in Brooklyn. He acted as "war counselor" for the gang for ten weeks before leaving. After leaving the street gang, Ellison went to Basic Training at Fort Benning, Georgia, to begin his military service. The bulk of the novel was written during his spare time at the camp between mid-1956 and March 1957. Ellison claimed he wrote most of it

neg: Geographic areas of Sugar Land, Texas km²) master-planned community of New Territory and the upcoming 2,018 acre (8.2 km²) development, Telfair. New Territory was built out in 2003 and Telfair began building homes in early 2006. All of the land of what is now the upcoming Telfair community was once a prison farm land owned by the Texas Department of Transportation. It was sold in 2003 and annexed to the city limits by Sugar Land in 2004. A new highway, State Highway 99, opened in 1994 is a major arterial in this area. North of U.S. Highway 90A, which borders the city's west side, is the

neg: Andis Andis Andis is a variant of Andes, a personal name popular among the Illyrians inhabiting the territory of what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina, more specifically the southern parts of ancient province of Panonia and much of the northern parts of ancient Dalmatia. Due to this particular geographic distribution, the origin and the meaning of Andes may be connected to the name origin of Andizetes, a small Illyrian community whose home was precisely present day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Due to a widespread distribution of names like Andio, Andena, Andinus, found throughout the entire territory inhabited by ancient Illyrians, we can

neg: Hells Angels claimed) and the rectangular "MC" patch below the wing of the Death's Head. Prospects are allowed to wear only a bottom rocker with the state or territory name along with the rectangular "MC" patch. To become a full member, the prospect must be voted on unanimously by the rest of the full club members. Prior to votes being cast, a prospect usually travels to every charter in the sponsoring charter's geographic jurisdiction (state/province/territory) and introduces himself to every Full-Patch member. This process allows each voting member to become familiar with the subject and to ask any questions of concern prior

neg: Gopher Gang immigrant crime crews which dominated Five Points. The film explains the social tradition of enduring, if not actually shielding, Irish gangs in Manhattan's Irish-American neighborhoods. Gopher Gang The Gopher Gang was an early 20th-century New York street gang known for its members including Goo Goo Knox, James "Biff" Ellison, and Owney Madden. Based in the Irish neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen, the Gopher Gang grew to control most of Manhattan with their territory covering Fourth to Forty-Second Street and Seventh to Eleventh Avenue. The Gopher Gang formed from various local street gangs in the 1890s, numbering around 500 members, into what

neg: Collingwood Manor Massacre the gang was willing to do anything to keep their reputation and their territory. Gambling, the local wire service, drug distribution, bootlegging, certain trade unions, as well as the extortion rackets were all operated by the Purple Gang. The year was 1927 and the Purple Gang was on top of their game running Detroit's underworld. When Three Chicago gunmen by the names of Joseph "Nigger Joe" Lebowitz, Herman "Hymie" Paul, and Isadore "Izzy the Rat" Sutker, fled to Detroit, the Purple Gang's status was put to the test. The men shook down Chicago speakeasy operators for protection money. What the

neg: The Oklahoma Kid the bill allowing the sale of the Cherokee Strip (actually, the Cherokee Outlet) in the Oklahoma Territory. After the money arrives by train, it is then loaded onto a stagecoach which subsequently gets robbed by Whip McCord (Humphrey Bogart) and his gang. Jim Kincaid, also known as "The Oklahoma Kid", (James Cagney) sees the robbery, and then ambushes the gang and makes off with the money. Settlers are arriving to stake their property claims in what would be the Cherokee Strip Land Run of 1893. At a settlers' dance, the Kid meets Jane Hardwick (Rosemary Lane), daughter of Judge Hardwick

neg: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty the dynasty's claim of connection with that city may simply be a result of their claim of descent from Yadu rather than their actual geographic origin. The Hoysalas, the southern neighbours of the dynasty, similarly claimed descent from Yadu and claimed to be the former lords of Dvaraka. The territory of the early Yadava rulers was located in present-day Maharashtra, and several scholars (especially Maharashtrian historians) have claimed a "Maratha" origin for the dynasty. However, Marathi, the language of present-day Maharashtra, began to appear as the dominant language in the dynasty's inscriptions only in the 14th century, before which Kannada

neg: Nathaniel Reed (outlaw) Nathaniel Reed (outlaw) Nathaniel "Texas Jack" Reed (March 23, 1862 – January 7, 1950) was a 19th-century American outlaw responsible for many stagecoach, bank, and train robberies throughout the American Southwest during the 1880s and '90s. He acted on his own and also led a bandit gang, operating particularly in the Rocky Mountains and Indian Territory. Reed is claimed to have been the last survivor of the ""47 most notorious outlaws"" of Indian Territory. He became an evangelist in his later years, and could often be seen on the streets of Tulsa preaching against the dangers of following a "life

neg: Ogopogo event was supposedly witnessed by about thirty cars of people who all claimed to have seen the same thing. In 1968, Art Folden filmed what is claimed to be footage of the alleged creature, showing a large wake moving across the water. A computer analysis of the footage concluded it was a solid, three-dimensional object. Folden noticed "something large and lifelike"; in the distance out on the calm water and pulled out his home movie camera to capture the object. A subjective investigation conducted by Benjamin Radford with Joe Nickell and John Kirk for the National Geographic Channel TV show

neg: Emet (geographic region) Emet (geographic region) Emet (or Em) is a Kalenjin term for the largest recognized territorial division within the Kalenjin society of pre-colonial Kenya. The word Emet in contemporary Kalenjin as used to denote a country derives from this term. Ehret posits that the Emet territorial division of the Kalenjin is of ancient origin. From linguistic evidence, it seems probable that the Southern Nilotes, organised themselves into clans or at least different clusters of associated clans - what could be called tribes - which coincided with particular territories. These "tribes" and the territory they occupied were called *e:m. The traditional Kalenjin

neg: Chinatown, Manhattan from the Vietnam War under the leadership of David Thai had control over Broadway, Canal, Baxter, Centre, and Lafayette Streets. Fujianese gangs also existed, such as the Tung On gang, which affiliated with Tsung Tsin, and had control over East Broadway, Catherine and Division Streets and the Fuk Ching gang affiliated with Fukien American controlled East Broadway, Chrystie, Forsyth, Eldridge, and Allen Streets. At one point, a gang named the Freemasons gang, which was of Cantonese descent, had attempted to claim East Broadway as its territory. Columbus Park, the only park in Chinatown, was built on what was once the

neg: Nicopsis is called a "kastron", "fortress", located on the homonymous river between Abasgia (Abkhazia) and Zichia, by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in the 10th century. The Kingdom of Georgia expanded to the vicinity of Nicopsis during its "Golden Age" in the 12th and 13th centuries. Well known in the medieval Georgian texts was the boast that their kings held sway from . This formula determined the extent of the territory over which the Georgian monarchy claimed authority by means of its northwestern and northeastern geographic extremes, Nikopsis on the Black Sea and Derbend on the Caspian. It first appears in the controversial testament

neg: Mount Elkins Mount Elkins Mount Elkins, also known as Jökelen (which means "The Glacier") is a dark, steep-sided mountain with three major peaks, the highest above sea level, in the Napier Mountains of Enderby Land. Enderby Land part of East Antarctica, and is claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory. The mountain was named after Terence James Elkins, an ionospheric physicist with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions at Mawson Station in 1960. Some notable geographic features in the general vicinity of Mount Elkins include Cape Batterbee (92 km to the north), the Young Nunataks (7.4 km to the

neg: History of Phoenix, Arizona zone passed to United States control, and a portion of it was made the New Mexico Territory (including what is now Phoenix) shortly afterward. Then In the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 the U.S. promised to honor all land rights of the area, including those of the O'odham. The O'odham gained full constitutional rights. During the American Civil War, the Salt River and Gila River Valleys, which comprise much of the territory which makes up Phoenix today, were claimed by both sides in the conflict. Confederate Arizona was officially claimed by The South, and formally created by a proclamation by Jefferson

neg: Gangs in Australia of the major events in Australian motorcycle gang criminal history was what became known as the Milperra Massacre in 1984, where a fight between two gangs, the Comancheros and the Bandidos in Milperra in the South of Sydney, turned into a gun battle that claimed seven lives - six gang members and an uninvolved bystander. While conflict between various clubs has been ever present, in 2008 the gang conflict escalated, with 13 shootings taking place in Sydney in the space of two weeks. Gang violence has become high profile to the point where various state governments have taken steps to

neg: New Hampshire Grants New Hampshire Grants The New Hampshire Grants or Benning Wentworth Grants were land grants made between 1749 and 1764 by the colonial governor of the Province of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. The land grants, totaling about 135 (including 131 towns), were made on land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River, territory that was also claimed by the Province of New York. The resulting dispute led to the eventual establishment of the Vermont Republic, which later became the U.S. state of Vermont. The territory of what is now Vermont was first permanently settled by European settlers when William

neg: Posadowsky Glacier (Antarctica) Posadowsky Glacier (Antarctica) Posadowsky Glacier ( ) is a glacier about long, flowing north to Posadowsky Bay immediately east of Gaussberg. Posadowsky Bay is an open embayment, located just east of the West Ice Shelf and fronting on the Davis Sea in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land. Kaiser Wilhelm II Land is the part of East Antarctica lying between Cape Penck, at 87°43'E, and Cape Filchner, at 91°54'E, and is claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Other notable geographic features in this area include Drygalski Island (), located 45 mi NNE of Cape Filchner in the Davis

neg: Illinois County, Virginia existence also has a defined end-point in 1784, when the Commonwealth of Virginia ceded the land to the new United States federal government. The area later became part of the Northwest Territory by an Act of Congress in 1787. The county was bordered to the southeast by the Ohio River at the time of its existence. It is not within the boundaries of the modern-day state of Virginia. Illinois County, Virginia Illinois County, Virginia, was a political and geographic region, part of the British Province of Quebec, claimed during the American Revolutionary War on July 4, 1778 by George Rogers

neg: Township (Canada) are called "cantons" in French and can also be political and geographic, similar to Ontario, although the geographic use is now very limited or not used at all. They were introduced after the British conquest primarily as a surveying unit. They were designated and cover most of the unattributed territory in Eastern Quebec and what is now known as the Eastern Townships, and later used in surveying the Outaouais and Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean regions. Townships often served as the territorial basis for new municipalities, but township municipalities are no different from other types such as parish or village municipalities. In the Prairie

neg: Nathaniel Reed (outlaw) of crime". His memoirs were published in the 1930s, and are considered valuable collectors' items (one copy was reportedly sold on the internet for $1,500 in 2007). He claimed to have ridden with the Dalton gang, Bill Doolin, Henry Starr and other outlaws and bandits of the old west. He may have also helped Cherokee Bill, a fellow outlaw from the Indian Territory, in his escape from Fort Smith during the 1880s. As with many others of the era, Reed's colorful stories of his almost 10-year career as an outlaw were probably exaggerated by later writers. He claimed to have

neg: Sawtelle, Los Angeles has claimed Stoner Park and its surrounding community as its territory since the 1950s, and gang graffiti can still be found throughout the neighborhood. The area is now served by buses of the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority, but as with a great deal of the Westside the lion's share of bus service is provided by the Santa Monica Big Blue Bus and the green coaches of the Culver CityBus system. The Sawtelle neighborhood is served by the Bundy Station on the Expo Line. The LA Metro Purple Line phase three is currently being extended from Koreatowns Wilshire/Western station to

neg: Palestine (region) Palestine (region) Palestine ( , , ; , "Palaistinē"; ; "Palestina") is a geographic region in Western Asia usually considered to include Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and in some definitions, some parts of western Jordan. The name was used by ancient Greek writers, and it was later used for the Roman province Syria Palaestina, the Byzantine Palaestina Prima, and the Islamic provincial district of Jund Filastin. The region comprises most of the territory claimed for the biblical regions known as the Land of Israel ( "Eretz-Yisra'el"), the Holy Land or Promised Land. Historically, it has been known

neg: Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva is the most important Antarctic base of Chile. It is located at Fildes Peninsula, an ice-free area, in front of Fildes Bay (Maxwell Bay), west of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Situated alongside the Escudero Station and only 200 metres from the Russian Bellingshausen Station, its geographic coordinates are , with an altitude of 10 metres above sea-level. The base is located in the Chilean commune of Antártica, which is the Antarctic territory claimed by Chile (Antártica Chilena Province, Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region). Also nearby are the

neg: Bhutan–China relations in what Bhutan and India consider Bhutanese territory. Both India and China deployed 3000 troops on June 30, 2017. On the same day, China released a map claiming that Doklam belonged to China. China claimed, via the map, that territory south to Gipmochi belonged to China and claimed that it was supported by the Convention of Calcutta. On July 3, 2017 China told India that former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru accepted the Convention of Calcutta. China claimed on July 5, 2017 it had a "basic consensus" with Bhutan and there was no dispute between the two countries. On August

neg: Johnny Lang Johnny Lang Johnny Lang was an American cattle driver who discovered Lost Horse Mine in Joshua Tree National Park. He claimed that he had moved to the area because his brother had been gunned down in New Mexico with six other cowboys. In 1890, in the process of herding their cattle, they lost their horses in what is now known as Lost Horse Valley. He tracked them to what is now known as Keys Desert Queen Ranch, which at that time was believed to be occupied by cattle rustlers from what known as the McHaney Gang, but did not find

neg: North-Western Territory created Northwest Territories. In 1880, the British Arctic Territories were claimed by Canada and later formed the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. In 1898 the Yukon Territory was formed when the areas west of the Mackenzie Mountains were removed from the Northwest Territories during the Klondike Gold Rush, again as with the Stickeen Territory to prevent efforts at American takeover and also to enable easier governance. North-Western Territory The North-Western Territory was a region of British North America until 1870. Named for where it lay in relation to Rupert's Land, the territory at its greatest extent covered what is now Yukon,

neg: Ithomi, Messenia community ever called Ithome in the territory was what is now Archaia Messene, the ruins of a large ancient city, which early in its ancient existence was called Ithome. A somewhat larger territory around it was Messana. The village of Mavromati is located within the ancient walls. Its population constitutes the population of Archaia Messene. The concept of a dēmos, plural dēmoi, (English deme) or municipality, originated in ancient Greece as a geographic unit of the people. Demes appear in the Iliad; they were not just units of Athens, famous for its ancient demo-cracy. The word can mean either the

neg: Australian Geography Competition Australian Geography Competition The Australian Geography Competition is an Australia-wide competition run by the Royal Geographic Society of Queensland and the Australian Geography Teachers Association and sponsored by the National Geographic Channel. It tests the geographic knowledge of high school students from years 8-12. It starts with a written multiple choice test in early March. In the under 16 competition the winners from each state & the territories (Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, Cocos Islands) are taken as well as a runner up who has the highest score after these winners. These people are flown to Sydney at the start

neg: Mount Lebanon self determination by extending their small Lebanese territory to what they dubbed "Greater Lebanon", referring to a geographic unit comprising Mount Lebanon and its coast, and the Beqaa Valley to its east. After the First World War, France took hold of the formerly Ottoman holdings in the northern Levant, and expanded the borders of Mount Lebanon in 1920 to form Greater Lebanon, which was to be populated by remnants of the Middle Eastern Christian community. While the Christians ended up gaining territorially, the new borders merely ended the demographic dominance of Christians in the newly created territory of Lebanon. Mount

neg: Tongland (gang area) Tongland (gang area) Tongland is a local nickname for the area of Calton, Glasgow controlled in the 1960s by a violent Scottish teenage gang called the Tongs. The Tongs financed themselves using a protection racket, levying money on shops within their territory, and they marked that territory out in graffiti with their slogan "Tongs Ya Bass". The origin of their name has varied legends, one legend is told thus: "In the 1960s, in an East-End cinema near Fielden Street, some of the local Calton gang with some leader called McCabe were watching a film, "The Terror of the Tongs". about

neg: Our Gang many adults falsely claimed to have been members of "Our Gang". A long list of people, including persons famous in other capacities such as Nanette Fabray, Eddie Bracken, and gossip columnist Joyce Haber claimed to be or have been publicly called former "Our Gang" children. Bracken's official biography was once altered to state that he appeared in "Our Gang" instead of "The Kiddie Troupers", although he himself had no knowledge of the change. Among notable "Our Gang" impostors is Jack Bothwell, who claimed to have portrayed a character named "Freckles", going so far as to appear on the game show

neg: Sturdivant Gang Merrick Sturdivant who claimed to be from Tennessee via Virginia. The Sturdivant brothers were Illinois-based counterfeiters conducting their criminal operations in western and southeast Illinois. Even before the Sturdivant family counterfeiters arrived in Illinois, counterfeiting was already a public menace in the future state. As the Governor of Illinois Thomas Ford described in his book, "A History of Illinois from Its Commencement as a State from 1818 to 1847", "In 1816 and '17, in the towns of the territory [ Illinois Territory ], the country was overrun with horse-thieves and counterfeiters. They were so numerous, and so well combined together

neg: Akwesasne and New York State, USA to the south, the Quebec portion of the Akwesasne reserve is an exclave claimed by Canada. To travel by land from Tsi Snaihne (Snye or Chenail, Quebec) or Kana:takon (Saint Regis, Quebec) to elsewhere in Canada, one must drive through New York State. In Canada, the territory within Ontario is called the Akwesasne 59 Indian Reserve, and the territory within Quebec is called the Akwesasne Indian Reserve. In the U.S. state of New York, the territory of "Akwesasne" coincides with what is called the federally recognized St. Regis Mohawk Reservation. This portion of Akwesasne is

neg: Southwestern United States California territory, which was the same geographic area as the earlier Spanish province. In 1825, Arizona was visited by its first non-Spanish Europeans, English trappers. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, which contained the easternmost of the Southwest United States, won its independence from Mexico. In 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States, and immediately became a state, bypassing the usual territory phase. The new state still contained portions of what would eventually become parts of other states. In 1846, the Southwest became embroiled in the Mexican–American War, partly as a result of the United States'

neg: Long Day's Journey track Cordelia and then gave to Gwen. The gang brainstorm about Manny being an orb keeper, and what could have been taken from him. Gwen reveals that the Beast took something out of the chest of the Shaman she was visiting, despite earlier having claimed to have seen nothing. The timing and stealthiness of the attack and the spiked drinks lead the gang to believe it was an inside job, but no definite suspect can be pinned down. They return to the hotel and find information about the ritual from Lorne's research. Wesley and Fred announce they've discovered what seems

neg: Gang injunction criminal penalties for essentially being guilty by association, and vague wording. Suggested solutions to these problems include implementing procedural safeguards and gang-specific pleadings to protect defendants' due process rights and avoid the "void for vagueness". Other criticisms include the violation of gang members' civil liberties due to the broad geographic scope of some injunctions. In re Englebrecht upheld an injunction covering one square mile that included some gang members' residences. The 2005 injunction against the Colonia Chiques gang in Oxnard, California, covers 6.6 square miles, or 24% of the city. Scholars have argued that these broad areas heavily burden gang

neg: Syrian Social Nationalist Party to unify it, what has allowed it to establish, through ethnic, religious and cultural assimilation and mixing, a high culture and civilization, and what has made it the prize coveted by all imperialist powers. Saadeh advocated for all ethnoreligious groups to consider themselves as descendants of the pre-Christian era empires of Babylon and Assyria, of the Hittites and the kings of Aram, then of the Islamic empires, all the way up until the present. The SSNP claimed that the Greater Syria is the natural home of the Syrian people with clearly defined geographic boundaries, yet that its people are suffering

neg: Scouting in Colorado northeastern Colorado north of Denver, southeastern Wyoming and the panhandle of western Nebraska, and is chartered by BSA to organize, extend, support, and control the Scouting program within its exclusive territory. The "WyoBraska Council" of Scottsbluff merged into the Longs Peak Council in 1973. As with Pikes Peak Council, there is officially no apostrophe in the name, due to a ruling about the mountain itself by the Board on Geographic Names. The council's territory is divided into eight geographic districts: Encompassing at to in elevation, Ben Delatour Scout Ranch near Red Feather Lakes, Colorado is operated by the Longs Peak

neg: Kazon tenor of our times and what [...] was happening in our cities and recognizing a source of danger and social unrest". Piller further described the premise for the Kazon as rooted in gang violence and warfare by clarifying: "Our intention was to create a sort of disorganized anarchy, them-against-them as much as them-against-us." In a meeting dated August 17, 1993, Taylor wrote a story outline for the pilot episode "Caretaker" and established the Kazon (then identified as the Crips) as a "gang which, in conflict with two other gangs, competes for territory in this region of space". Taylor's notes suggest

neg: Gang-gang cockatoo Gang-gang cockatoo The gang-gang cockatoo ("Callocephalon fimbriatum") is found in the cooler and wetter forests and woodlands of Australia, particularly alpine bushland. Mostly mild grey in colour with some lighter scalloping (more pronounced and buffy in females), the male has a red head and crest, while the female has a small fluffy grey crest. It ranges throughout south-eastern Australia. The gang-gang cockatoo is the faunal emblem of the Australian Capital Territory. It is easily identified by its distinctive call, which is described as resembling a creaky gate, or the sound of a cork being pulled from a wine bottle. The

neg: Georgia Championship Wrestling Georgia Championship Wrestling Georgia Championship Wrestling was a professional wrestling promotion whose self-titled TV program aired in the 1970s and 1980s on Atlanta, U.S., superstation WTBS. Though based in Atlanta, the company also ran live wrestling shows throughout its geographic "territory" of Georgia. The territory was affiliated with what had been the world's top sanctioning body of championship titles for decades before, the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). The TV show, hosted by Gordon Solie, was recorded in one of WTBS' studios on West Peachtree Street near 10th Street, in Midtown Atlanta. Shows were taped before a small (yet enthusiastic), live

neg: Geohash the public domain by its inventor in a public announcement on February 26, 2008. While comparable algorithms have been successfully patented and had copyright claimed upon, GeoHash is based on an entirely different algorithm and approach. Geohash Geohash is a public domain geocoding system invented by Gustavo Niemeyer, which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits. It is a hierarchical spatial data structure which subdivides space into buckets of grid shape, which is one of the many applications of what is known as a Z-order curve, and generally space-filling curves. Geohashes offer properties like arbitrary

neg: Sunitha Krishnan community, Krishnan was gang raped by eight men. They did not like that a woman was interfering with what they claimed as “man’s society.” They beat her so badly that she is partially deaf in one ear. This incident served as the impetus for what she does today. Krishnan studied in Central Government Schools in Bangalore and Bhutan. After obtaining a bachelor's degree in environmental sciences from St. Joseph’s College in Bangalore, Krishnan completed her MSW (medical & psychiatric) from Roshni Nilaya, Mangalore. In 1996, Krishnan, who had become an ardent activist, was arrested–along with more than a dozen other

neg: Simons Park from the park, as it was the most prominent feature in their territory at the time. After merging with another gang, this gang would eventually become the infamous Simon City Royals street gang. As the neighborhood began to change, the Simon City Royals eventually left the area, leaving their territory behind. Simons Park Simons Park is a municipal park located at 1640 N. Drake Avenue in the Humboldt Park community of West Side, Chicago, Illinois. It is administered by the Chicago Park District, and contains full facilities for activities including baseball, boxing, and outdoor basketball. It also contains a full

neg: Wyoming Territory this land as well, in 1863. The southwestern corner of what became the Wyoming Territory, south of the 42nd parallel, became part of the United States with the 1848 Mexican Cession. An eastern section of this was once claimed by the Republic of Texas. In 1851, the portion of this land west of the continental divide was made part of the Utah Territory, and, with the organization of the Colorado Territory in 1861, most of it was transferred to the Nebraska Territory and subsumed into the Idaho Territory, in 1863. A small corner of Wyoming remained part of Utah until

neg: Crime in Venezuela in Venezuela until the start of the Bolivarian Revolution. The Bolivarian government was seen as being lenient on crime and justifying the criminals by saying they were poor and exploited. In 2013, the government negotiated with large criminal gangs on how to prevent violence and agreed to avoid policing gang territory in what were known as "peace zones", reinforcing criminal behaviors and making gang practices "de facto" law. According to InSight Crime, there are over a dozen mega-gangs in Venezuela, with some having up to 300 members. Due to the largely unofficial economy that exists in Venezuela in which nearly

neg: Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War the tension between Goryeo and Liao created another war. In 1009, General Gang Jo of Goryeo led a coup against King Mokjong, killing the king and establishing military rule. In 1010, the alliance was broken and Liao attacked Korea for General Gang's treason. Also, Khitans claimed six garrison settlements east of the Yalu River, which Goryeo claimed as its territory in truce negotiations during 993. After suffering numerous and heavy casualties against the Goryeo army, the Khitans managed to defeat Gangjo, who had begun to underestimate them. Despite this defeat, the Goryeo king managed to retain his claim on the

neg: Fjords and channels of Chile Fjords and channels of Chile The southern coast of Chile presents a large number of fjords and fjord-like channels from the latitudes of Cape Horn (55° S) to Reloncaví Estuary (42° S). Some fjords and channels are important navigable channels providing access to ports like Punta Arenas, Puerto Chacabuco and Puerto Natales. During colonial times, the fjords and channels of Patagonia were first explored by the Spaniards. There were a number of motivations for their explorations, including a desire to Christianize indigenous peoples, to prevent intrusions of any foreign power into territory claimed by Spain, to increase geographic knowledge of

neg: 30th National Geographic Bee 30th National Geographic Bee The 30th annual National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C. and was hosted by Mo Rocca. It is sponsored by the National Geographic Society. The State Bees were held on April 6, where the 54 finalists will be determined. On April 6, 2018, the National Geographic State Bees were held across the 50 states, Washington, D.C., the Atlantic Territories, the Pacific Territories, and the Department of Defense. Fifty-four State or Territory level Champions were determined. In 2018, the prize for winning the state bee has been raised, as $200 is now given to the winner

neg: La Belle (ship) excavation was launched by the state of Texas that, over a period of about a year, recovered the entire shipwreck and over a million artifacts. In the late 17th century, much of North America had been claimed by European countries. Spain claimed Florida, and New Spain included both modern-day Mexico and much of the southwestern part of the continent. The northern Atlantic coast was claimed by Britain, and New France included much of what is now Canada as well as the Illinois Country. France feared that their territory in the center of the continent was vulnerable to the expansionist plans

neg: Irredentism stems from events leading up to the 1948 war between the 2 countries. The Guayana Esequiba is a territory administered by Guyana but claimed by Venezuela. It was first included in the Viceroyalty of New Granada and the Captaincy General of Venezuela by Spain, but was later included in Essequibo by the Dutch and in British Guiana by the United Kingdom. Originally, parts of what is now eastern Venezuela were included in the disputed area. This territory of is the subject of a long-running boundary dispute inherited from the colonial powers and complicated by the independence of Guyana in 1966.

neg: Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member is a memoir about gang life written in prison by Sanyika Shakur. "Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member" is a nonfiction memoir written by Sanyika Shakur, aka Monster Kody Scott, while he was in prison. The book starts with his initiation into the Eight Tray (named after 83rd St, their territory) Gangster Crips at eleven years old. He endures beatings and is forced to hold his own and fight back against the gang members to prove he is tough enough to join.

neg: Daughters of Utah Pioneers Daughters of Utah Pioneers The International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers (ISDUP, DUP) is a women's organization dedicated to preserving the history of the original settlers of the geographic area covered by the State of Deseret and Utah Territory, including Mormon pioneers. The organization is open to any woman who is: (1) A direct-line descendant or legally adopted direct-line descendant with a pioneer ancestor; (2) the pioneer ancestor is a person who traveled to or through the geographic area covered by the State of Deseret/Utah Territory between July 1847 and 10 May 1869 (completion of the railroad, May 10, 1869);

neg: Geographical midpoint of Europe in the village of Mõnnuste, on Saaremaa island in western Estonia. Again, no author and no method of calculation have been disclosed. The local Kärla Parish is seeking to verify the location and to turn it into a tourist location. Other locations have claimed the title of geographic centre of Europe on the basis of calculations taking into account only the territory of those states which are members of the European Union (or formerly - European Community). As the European Union (EU) has grown in the last 50 years, so has the geographical centre shifted with each expansion. The French

neg: Original Gangsters (gang) and in August 2008, it was revoked. Turkey-based Acar remains Original Gangsters' leader in Europe, but handed over the title of as the gang's "president" in Sweden in 2008. The extent of the gang's European activities outside of Sweden, which would be what Acar leads, remains somewhat unclear. The Original Gangsters was also a street gang in south Florida in the 80's and 90's Interviewed for a 2007 book, Acar claimed that the number of members is around 100, with an inner circle of around 30. All members are men, and the gang's members have varying ethnical backgrounds: most are

neg: Oklahoma area in the 1700s. In the 18th century, Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche entered the region from the west and Quapaw and Osage peoples moved into what is now eastern Oklahoma. French colonists claimed the region until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The territory now known as Oklahoma was first a part of the Arkansas Territory from 1819 until 1828. During the 19th century, thousands of Native Americans were expelled from their ancestral homelands from across North America and transported to the area including and

neg: Geographic information science and cognate disciplines are contested, and different communities might disagree on what GIScience is and what it studies. In particular, Goodchild stated that "information science can be defined as the systematic study according to scientific principles of the nature and properties of information. Geographic information science is the subset of information science that is about geographic information." Another influential definition is that by GIScientist David Mark, which states:Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on

neg: The Gooch Close Gang Gang had its origins in the west side of Moss Side. From young men hanging around a Shebeen on Gooch Close selling drugs. Gooch Close Manchester was a small cul-de-sac of semi-detached houses with an alley at one end. The gangs - whilst supplying to the street dealers - also try to ensure that the dealers are protected from other gangs by protecting their territory. Most of their problems occur when rival street dealers start to move into territory already controlled by a gang or when a gang 'taxes' a rival dealer - a move seen as damaging street credibility

neg: Hans Island Danish personnel working in the Nares Strait determined the geographic coordinates for Hans Island. During negotiations between Canada and Denmark on their maritime boundary in 1973, both states claimed Hans Island was part of their territory. No agreement was reached between the two governments on the issue. The maritime boundary immediately north and south of Hans Island was established in the continental shelf treaty ratified by Greenland and Canada and then submitted to the United Nations on December 17, 1973, in force since March 13, 1974. At the time, it was the longest shelf boundary treaty ever negotiated and may

neg: Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War map which claimed almost two thirds of Bosnia's territory, with a series of ethnically split cities and isolated enclaves and leaving the Croats and Bosniaks with a disjointed strip of land in the centre of the republic. That plan was rejected by Cutileiro. However, he put forth a revised draft of the original which stated that the three constituent units would be "based on national principles and taking into account economic, geographic, and other criteria." On 18 March 1992, all three sides signed the agreement; Alija Izetbegović for the Bosniaks, Radovan Karadžić for the Bosnian Serbs and Mate Boban for

neg: Gang Gang A gang is a group of associates, friends or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior. Some criminal gang members are "jumped in" (by going through a process of initiation), or they have to prove their loyalty and right to belong by committing certain acts, usually theft or violence. A member of a gang may be called a gangster, a gang banger, or, less specifically, a thug. A number of gangs have

neg: Samuel Mason taken place in American territory or against American river boats. While being transported up the Mississippi River, Samuel Mason and gang members John Sutton or Setton, one of the many aliases used by Wiley Harpe, and James May, alias of Peter Alston, overpowered their guards and escaped, with Mason being shot in the head during the escape. One of the 1803 accounts {Rothert. p. 247} claimed Captain Robert McCoy, the commandant of New Madrid, was killed by Mason during their escape. McCoy actually died in 1840, and was neither crippled or killed, by Mason. American territorial governor William C. C.

neg: Alice Springs Alice Springs Alice Springs (; Arrernte: Mparntwe) is the third-largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Popularly known as "the Alice" or simply "Alice", Alice Springs is situated roughly in Australia's geographic centre. The area is known as "Mparntwe" to its original inhabitants, the Arrernte, who have lived in the Central Australian desert in and around what is now Alice Springs for tens of thousands of years. The name "Alice Springs" was given by surveyor William Whitfield Mills after Alice, Lady Todd ("née" Alice Gillam Bell), wife of the telegraph pioneer Sir Charles Todd. Alice Springs had an urban

neg: British Central Africa Protectorate the British South Africa Company to fund the administration of the newly-formed protectorate was part of an attempt by Cecil Rhodes to take over the administration of all the territory claimed by Britain north of the Zambezi. This was resisted, particularly by its Scottish missionaries and, in February 1891, Salisbury agreed to a compromise under which what later became Northern Rhodesia would be under company administration and what later became Nyasaland would be administered by the Foreign Office. However Henry Hamilton Johnston would be the both the Administrator of the British South Africa Company's territory and Commissioner and Consul-General of

neg: Guayana Esequiba Guayana Esequiba Guayana Esequiba () is a territory administered by Guyana and claimed by Venezuela. The territory was first included in the Viceroyalty of New Granada and the Captaincy General of Venezuela by Spain, but was later included in Essequibo by the Dutch and in British Guiana by the United Kingdom. Originally, parts of what is now eastern Venezuela were included in the disputed area. The portion today under the administration of Guyana divides the area in six administrative regions (Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo and Essequibo Islands-West Demerara), while Venezuela treats it as a single entity (Guayana

neg: Territory Territory A territory is an administrative division, usually an area that is under the jurisdiction of a state. In most countries, a "territory" is an organized land controlled division of an area that is controlled by a country but is not formally developed into, or incorporated into, a political unit of the country that is of equal status to other political units that may often be referred to by words such as "provinces" or "states". In international politics, a "territory" is usually a non-sovereign geographic area which has come under the authority of another government; which has not been granted

neg: Tsuppari Wars manner similar to the board game "Risk". There are islands with land bridges and bodies of water to them. Between combat, the player can either his gang members from territory to territory or immediately end his turn. It is possible for a player to transfer all of his gang members out of a territory, turning it into a blank grey territory without a number. In addition to the strategy mode, there is also a variation of the game that focus exclusively on street fighting using either the or the mode. With a cast of 20 (twenty) characters, it was considered

neg: Open-source governance a narrow application of open-source governance, combines aspects of the free software and open-content movements, promoting decision-making methods claimed to be more open, less antagonistic, and more capable of determining what is in the public interest with respect to public policy issues. It takes special care for instance to deal with equity differences, geographic constraints, defamation versus free political speech, accountability to persons affected by decisions, and the actual standing law and institutions of a jurisdiction. There is also far more focus on compiling actual positions taken by real entities than developing theoretical "best" answers or "solutions". One example, DiscourseDB,

neg: Paraguayan War basis of Paraguay's successful claim to territory north of the Pilcomayo River, in the Hayes arbitration; see below.) After 1852, and more especially after the State of Buenos Aires rejoined the Argentine Confederation, Argentina's claim to the Chaco hardened; it claimed territory all the way up to the border with Bolivia. By Article XVI of the Treaty of the Triple Alliance Argentina was to receive this territory in full. However, the Brazilian government disliked what its representative in Buenos Aires had negotiated in this respect, and resolved that Argentina should not receive "a handsbreadth of territory" above the Pilcomayo River.

neg: What Happens Next (Gang of Four album) it wasn’t a Gang of Four album." Austin Price of PopMatters thought that "Gill has made an excellent effort of it here but there’s some reapportioning that needs to be done." Nevertheless, "Rolling Stone" critic Amy Rose Spiegel panned the album, writing: "In place of once-sharp radical jabs, we get empty alarmism." Gang of Four Additional musicians Technical What Happens Next (Gang of Four album) What Happens Next is the eighth studio album by English post-punk band Gang of Four. It was released on 24 February 2015 through Metropolis Records and Membran record label. It is the band's first album

neg: Nomad (motorcycle club membership) Nomad (motorcycle club membership) A Nomad is an individual who may or may not be a member of a motorcycle club, and not bound by geographic territory, or perhaps one which has not yet established one. There are exceptions to Nomads being members of clubs. One instance is military veterans' clubs, whose members may be scattered across the U.S., but yet do not have enough members in a particular area to form a club chapter. Most motorcycle club members wear a territorial rocker (i.e., the bottom patch on the back of the jacket) which signifies what city/locale, state, or province

neg: History of Georgia (U.S. state) who claimed the territory. British settlers living south of the Altamaha River frequently engaged in trade with Spanish Florida which was also illegal according to both governments, but the ban on such trade was essentially unenforceable. The pacing and development of large plantations made the Georgia coast society more like that of the West Indies than of Virginia. The large plantations were worked by numerous African-born slaves, and many Africans, although of different languages and tribes, came from closely related geographic areas of West Africa. The slaves of the 'Rice Coast' of South Carolina and Georgia developed the unique Gullah

neg: Iowa District Iowa District The Iowa District was a region of north-central North America west of the Mississippi River claimed by the United States. From June 28, 1834 to July 4, 1838, it was part of the Michigan Territory and, later, the Wisconsin Territory. It included not only the area which became the state of Iowa, but all of what would become Minnesota and parts of what would become North Dakota and South Dakota. In September 1834, at an extra session of the Sixth Legislative Assembly of Michigan, the Iowa District was divided into two counties. A border was drawn due west

neg: Scouting in Oklahoma District geographic territory covers all of Logan County and the north tip of Oklahoma County including Edmond from Memorial Road north and west to Macarthur. Communities served through Eagle District include northwest Oklahoma City, Edmond, Guthrie, Crescent, Coyle, Luther, Langston and Mulhall/Orlando in Logan County and Oklahoma County. The towns of Wellston in Lincoln County and Cashion in Kingfisher County are also a part of Eagle District. The Kickingbird District geographic territory covers all of Harmon County, Greer County, Kiowa County, Jackson County, and Tillman County in Oklahoma. The Sooner District geographic territory in Oklahoma covers Norman, Moore, Little Axe

neg: Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi the centenary of his Chorographic Commission, a monumental endeavour that sought to create a geographic land survey of the Neogranadine territory, similar in its goals to the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the United States. The IGAC then became a decentralized agency under the executive branch until 1999 when it was ascribed to the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) by "Decreto 1174 de 1999". Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi The Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (, IGAC), is the entity of the Government of Colombia responsible for producing the official maps and basic cartography of Colombia, and managing the national cadastral