query: which is the latest edition of oxford dictionary

pos: Oxford Dictionary of English including biographical references and thousands of encyclopaedic entries. The Third Edition was published in August 2010, with some new words, including "vuvuzela". It is currently the largest single-volume English-language dictionary published by Oxford University Press. The first editor, Judy Pearsall, wrote in the introduction that it is based on a modern understanding of language and is derived from a corpus of contemporary English usage. For example, the editors did not discourage split infinitives, but instead justified their use in some contexts. The first edition was based on bodies of texts such as the British National Corpus and the citation database

pos: Dictionary (software) Dictionary and Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus (termed the "First Digital Edition"). OPENSTEP Services provide lookup from all applications. Dictionary was first introduced with Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger" and provided definitions from the "New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition". With Mac OS X 10.7 "Lion", Dictionary was updated to the Third Edition of the New Oxford American Dictionary and the British Oxford Dictionary of English was added. Words can be entered in the search bar by just typing the first few letters. The application will perform an incremental search to show any matching headwords or forms, and will try to bypass

pos: Oxford English Dictionary of which is complete. The first electronic version of the dictionary was made available in 1988. The online version has been available since 2000, and as of April 2014 was receiving over two million hits per month. The third edition of the dictionary will most likely only appear in electronic form: the Chief Executive of Oxford University Press has stated that it is unlikely that it will ever be printed. As a historical dictionary, the "Oxford English Dictionary" explains words by showing their development rather than merely their present-day usages. Therefore, it shows definitions in the order that the sense

pos: New Oxford American Dictionary reading device also uses "NOAD" as its built-in dictionary, along with a choice for the "Oxford Dictionary of English". Oxford University Press published "NOAD2" in electronic form in 2006 at the OxfordAmericanDictionary.com, and in 2010, along with the "Oxford Dictionary of English", as part of Oxford Dictionaries Online. Published in August 2010, the third edition was edited by Angus Stevenson and Christine A. Lindberg. This edition includes over 2,000 new words, senses, and phrases, and over 1,000(1225) illustrations; hundreds of new and revised explanatory notes, new "Word Trends" feature charts usage for rapidly changing words and phrases. The dictionary includes

pos: Espresso some cooking websites call the 'x' variant illegitimate. Oxford Dictionaries online states "The spelling "expresso" is not used in the original Italian and is strictly incorrect, although it is common." The "Oxford English Dictionary" and "Merriam-Webster" call it a variant spelling. The "Online Etymology Dictionary" calls "expresso" a variant of "espresso." The "Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style" (2000) describes the spelling "expresso" as "wrong", and specifies "espresso" as the only correct form. The third edition of Fowler's "Modern English Usage", published by the Oxford University Press in 1996, noted that the form "espresso" "has entirely driven out the

pos: Oxford Classical Dictionary their geography, religion, and their historical figures. The fourth edition and the third revised edition of the "OCD" are available online for members of subscribed institutions and for subscribed individuals via Oxford Reference. The third edition (1996) was also available on CD-ROM, but it is partially incompatible with more recent versions of Windows and has not been revised or re-released. The new digital edition is accessible online to institutional and individual subscribers via the "Oxford Research Encyclopedias". Entry extracts/summaries and select full-length entries are freely available to non-subscribing individuals. The "Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization" ("OCCC"), part of the Oxford

pos: John Russell Bartlett Bartlett later served as the Foreign Corresponding Secretary of the organization. Bartlett is known in the field of lexicography for his "Dictionary of Americanisms" (1848), a pioneering work that, although supplanted by later dialect studies, is still of value to students of language and remains a valuable contribution to the subject. Later editions were published in 1859, 1860, and 1877. The first edition was translated into Dutch and published in 1854. The third edition of 1860 was translated into German and published in 1866. The work is referenced frequently by the Oxford English Dictionary in which it is given the

neg: Concise Oxford English Dictionary Concise Oxford English Dictionary The Concise Oxford English Dictionary (officially titled The Concise Oxford Dictionary until 2002, and widely abbreviated COD or COED) is probably the best-known of the 'smaller' Oxford dictionaries. The latest edition of the "Concise Oxford English Dictionary" contains over 240,000 entries and 1,728 pages (concise only compared to the "OED" at over 21,000 pages). Its 12th edition, published in 2011, is used by both the United Nations and NATO as the current authority for spellings in documents written in English for international use. It is available as an e-book for a variety of handheld device platforms.

neg: Australian Oxford Dictionary was released in 1999. Like the "Macquarie", the "AOD" combines elements of a normal dictionary with those of an encyclopaedic volume. It is a joint effort of Oxford University and the Australian National University. The "AOD"s current editor is Bruce Moore. Its content is largely sourced from the databases of Australian English at the Australian National Dictionary Centre and "The Oxford English Dictionary". It also draws on the latest research into International English. The second edition contains more than 110,000 headwords and more than 10,000 encyclopaedic entries. Australian Oxford Dictionary The Australian Oxford Dictionary, sometimes abbreviated as "AOD", is a

neg: Macquarie Dictionary and some other dictionaries of British English, which continue to prefer "-ize" to "-ise" in spite of the opposite tendency amongst the British general public (see Oxford spelling). "Labour", however, is sometimes spelt "labor", especially in reference to the Australian political party. One difference from British usage is the word "program" which the "Macquarie Dictionary" gives as the preferred spelling. See main article on "Word of the Year". A number of smaller versions are available, including a pocket edition, as well as companion volumes such as a thesaurus. The latest edition of the main complete version of the "Macquarie Dictionary"

neg: Oxford English Dictionary the "OED" second edition, 60 years to proofread them, and 540 megabytes to store them electronically. As of 30 November 2005, the "Oxford English Dictionary" contained approximately 301,100 main entries. Supplementing the entry headwords, there are 157,000 bold-type combinations and derivatives; 169,000 italicized-bold phrases and combinations; 616,500 word-forms in total, including 137,000 pronunciations; 249,300 etymologies; 577,000 cross-references; and 2,412,400 usage quotations. The dictionary's latest, complete print edition (second edition, 1989) was printed in 20 volumes, comprising 291,500 entries in 21,730 pages. The longest entry in the "OED2" was for the verb "set", which required 60,000 words to describe some 430

neg: Macquarie Dictionary English such as British English, American English and English in Southeast Asia, China and India. The seventh edition of the "Macquarie Dictionary" was published on 28 February 2017. With a foreword by Kate Grenville, this latest edition includes thousands of new words and senses along with Australian regionalisms and a collection of words from the Australian experience in WW1. The dictionary records standard Australian English spelling, which is closer to British spelling than American spelling, with spellings like "colour", "centre", "defence" and "practice/practise" (noun/verb). It gives "-ise" spellings first, listing "-ize" spellings as acceptable variants, unlike the "Oxford English Dictionary"

neg: Oxford Dictionary of English Oxford Dictionary of English The Oxford Dictionary of English (ODE) is a single-volume English dictionary published by Oxford University Press, first published in 1998 as The New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE). The word "new" was dropped from the title with the Second Edition in 2003. This dictionary is not based on the "Oxford English Dictionary" and should not be mistaken for a new or updated version of the OED. It is a completely new dictionary which strives to represent as faithfully as possible the current usage of English words. The Revised Second Edition contains 355,000 words, phrases, and definitions,

neg: Oxford Dictionary of Biology sixth and the seventh edition edition of the "ODB" are available online for members of subscribed institutions and for subscribed individuals via Oxford Reference. The first edition of "Oxford Dictionary of Biology" was first published in 1985 and the seventh edition in 2015. Oxford Dictionary of Biology Oxford Dictionary of Biology (often abbreviated to ODB) is a multiple editions dictionary published by the English Oxford University Press. With more than 5,500 entries, it contains comprehensive information in English on topics relating to biology, biophysics, and biochemistry. The first edition was published in 1985 as "A Concise Dictionary of Biology". The

neg: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary title was changed beginning with 4th edition. However, the old name was still being referenced by foreign language versions of the dictionary up to 6th edition. It is a demo version of Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, which includes 100 sample entries from the OALD. The thesaurus was originated in the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 7th edition, where over 200 sets of synonyms were located at specific lexical entries. Simplified Chinese versions of Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (牛津高阶英汉双解词典/牛津高階英漢雙解詞典) has been published by The Commercial Press since 1988. Traditional Chinese version has been published by Oxford University Press (China) Ltd. since

neg: Oxford Classical Dictionary Oxford Classical Dictionary The Oxford Classical Dictionary (OCD) is generally considered "the best one-volume dictionary on antiquity," an encyclopedic work in English consisting of articles relating to classical antiquity and its civilizations. It was first published in 1949 ("OCD" or "OCD"), edited by Max Cary with the assistance of H. J. Rose, H. P. Harvey, and Alexander Souter. A second edition followed in 1970 ("OCD"), edited by Nicholas G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, and a third edition in 1996 ("OCD"), edited by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. A revised third edition was released in 2003, which is nearly

neg: Concise Oxford English Dictionary In addition to providing information for general use, it documents local variations such as United States and United Kingdom usage. It was started as a derivative of the "Oxford English Dictionary" ("OED"), although section S–Z had to be written before the "Oxford English Dictionary" reached that stage. However, starting from the 10th edition, it is based on the "Oxford Dictionary of English" (also known as the "NODE") rather than the "OED". The most recent edition is the 12th edition, published in 2011. Until 2000, it was the dictionary used on the UK game show "Countdown". Contents are derived from "New

neg: New Zealand English New Zealand Oxford Paperback Dictionary", edited by New Zealand lexicographer Tony Deverson in 1998, culminating in the 1,374-page "The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary" in 2004, by Tony Deverson and Graeme Kennedy. A second, revised edition of "The New Zealand Oxford Paperback Dictionary" was published in 2006, this time using standard lexicographical regional markers to identify the New Zealand content, which were absent from the first edition. Another authoritative work is the "Collins English Dictionary" first published in 1979 by HarperCollins, which contains an abundance of well-cited New Zealand words and phrases, drawing from the 650 million word Bank of English,

neg: Oxford Dictionary of English is the American version of the "Oxford Dictionary of English", with substantial editing and uses a diacritical respelling scheme rather than the IPA system. It is a compilation that includes "Oxford Dictionaries of English and Concise Oxford Thesaurus". It is a dictionary app based on contents from "Oxford Dictionary of English" and "New Oxford American Dictionary". Oxford Dictionary of English The Oxford Dictionary of English (ODE) is a single-volume English dictionary published by Oxford University Press, first published in 1998 as The New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE). The word "new" was dropped from the title with the Second Edition

neg: New Oxford American Dictionary approached "NOAD" editor in chief Erin McKean she confirmed it was a fake entry, which had been present since the first edition, in order to protect the copyright of the CD-ROM edition. Of the word, she said "its inherent fakeitude is fairly obvious". The fake entry apparently ensnared dictionary.com, which included an entry for it (that has since been removed) which it attributed to "Webster's New Millennium Dictionary", both of which are owned by the private company Lexico. Possibly due to its licensing of Oxford dictionaries, Google Dictionary included the word, listing three meanings and giving usage examples. New Oxford

neg: Canadian Oxford Dictionary Canadian Oxford Dictionary The Canadian Oxford Dictionary is a dictionary of Canadian English. First published by Oxford University Press Canada in 1998, it became a well-known reference for Canadian English. The second edition, published in 2004, contains about 300,000 entries, including about 2,200 true Canadianisms. It also provides information on Canadian pronunciation and on Canadian spelling, which has features of both British and American spelling: "colour", "centre", and "travelling", but "tire", "aluminum" and "realize". Until September 2008, Oxford maintained a permanent staff of lexicographers in Canada, led by editor Katherine Barber. With its Canadian dictionary division closed, Oxford has since

neg: Canadian Oxford Dictionary been outsourcing work on Canadian dictionary products to freelance editors. Two other major Canadian English dictionaries are the "ITP Nelson Canadian Dictionary" and the "Gage Canadian Dictionary". Canadian Oxford Dictionary The Canadian Oxford Dictionary is a dictionary of Canadian English. First published by Oxford University Press Canada in 1998, it became a well-known reference for Canadian English. The second edition, published in 2004, contains about 300,000 entries, including about 2,200 true Canadianisms. It also provides information on Canadian pronunciation and on Canadian spelling, which has features of both British and American spelling: "colour", "centre", and "travelling", but "tire", "aluminum" and

neg: Oxford Dictionary of Biology Oxford Dictionary of Biology Oxford Dictionary of Biology (often abbreviated to ODB) is a multiple editions dictionary published by the English Oxford University Press. With more than 5,500 entries, it contains comprehensive information in English on topics relating to biology, biophysics, and biochemistry. The first edition was published in 1985 as "A Concise Dictionary of Biology". The seventh edition, "A Dictionary of Biology", was published in 2015 and it was edited by Robert Hine and Elizabeth Martin. Robert Hine studied at Kings College London and University of Aberdeen and since 1984 he has contributed to numerous journals and books. The

neg: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 4th edition. Oxford Elementary Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (牛津初階英漢雙解詞典) is targeted for primary school readers. It was first published in 1998. Oxford Intermediate Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (牛津進階英漢雙解詞典/牛津中階英漢雙解詞典) is targeted for secondary school readers. It was first published in 2001. The "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary", previously entitled the "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English", started life as the "Idiomatic and Syntactic Dictionary", edited by Albert Sydney Hornby. It was first published in Japan in 1942. It then made a perilous wartime journey to Britain where it came under the wing of OUP, which decided it would be the perfect counterpart for

neg: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (OALD) was the first advanced learner's dictionary of English. It was first published in 1948. It is the largest English-language dictionary from Oxford University Press aimed at a non-native audience. Users with a more linguistic interest, requiring etymologies or copious references, usually prefer the "Concise Oxford English Dictionary", or indeed the comprehensive "Oxford English Dictionary", or other dictionaries aimed at speakers of English with native-level competence. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English was first published in 1948; the current edition is the ninth. The following editions exist: The book's cover

neg: OxfordDictionaries.com reflect distinctions in usage. This online edition of Oxford's dictionary resources includes exclusive updates (mostly neologisms); it is updated every three months. The site also includes several dictionaries of foreign language terms to and from English. It does not include the full text of the "Oxford English Dictionary". The following is an extract from "The OED and Oxford Dictionaries" at OxfordDictionaries.com: OxfordDictionaries.com OxfordDictionaries.com, originally titled Oxford Dictionaries Online ("ODO") and rebranded Oxford Living Dictionaries in 2017, is an online dictionary produced by the Oxford University Press (OUP) publishing house, a department of the University of Oxford, which also publishes a

neg: Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary The Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary (HTOED) is the print edition of the largest thesaurus in the world, the Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE), conceived and compiled by the English Language Department of the University of Glasgow. The "HTE" is a complete database of all the words in the second edition of "The Oxford English Dictionary", arranged by semantic field and date. In this way, the "HTE" arranges the whole vocabulary of English, from the earliest written records in Old English to the present, alongside types and dates of use. It

neg: Oxford English Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary"", by Donna Lee Berg. After these volumes were published, though, book club offers commonly continued to sell the two-volume 1971 "Compact Edition". Once the text of the dictionary was digitized and online, it was also available to be published on CD-ROM. The text of the first edition was made available in 1987. Afterward, three versions of the second edition were issued. Version 1 (1992) was identical in content to the printed second edition, and the CD itself was not copy-protected. Version 2 (1999) included the "Oxford English Dictionary" "Additions" of 1993 and 1997. Version 3.0 was released

neg: Ciyuan Ciyuan The Ciyuan or Tz'u-yüan is the earliest modern encyclopedic Chinese phrase dictionary. The Commercial Press published the first edition "Ciyuan" in 1915, and reissued it in various formats, including a 1931 supplement, and a fully revised 1979-1984 edition. The latest (3rd) edition was issued in 2015 to commemorate the centenary anniversary of its first publication. In terms of Chinese lexicography, the "Ciyuan" is a "cidian" ( "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken expressions, as opposed to a "zidian" (, lit. "character/logograph dictionary") for written Chinese characters. The title word "ciyuan" 辭源 – which combines "ci" 辭 "take leave; decline; diction; phrase;

neg: Hart's Rules of the 2014 printing of the "Dictionary for Writers and Editors". Another combined edition, again titled New Oxford Style Manual (3rd edition, ), was released in May 2016, with the content of the 2014 editions of "New Hart's Rules" and "New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors", and matching their cover style. "New Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors" (2009) remains a separate volume. Hart's Rules Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford – today published under the short title New Hart's Rules – is an authoritative reference book and style guide published in England

neg: Oxford Dictionary of English of the Oxford Reading Programme. The dictionary "views the language from the perspective that English is a world language". A network of consultants provide extensive coverage of English usage from the United States to the Caribbean and New Zealand. A more unusual decision was to omit pronunciations of common, everyday words, contrary to the practice of most large dictionaries. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used to present pronunciations, which are in turn based on the Received Pronunciation. The Second Edition added over 3,000 new words, senses and phrases drawn from the Oxford English Corpus. The "New Oxford American Dictionary"

neg: Oxford English Dictionary Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society". In 1895, the title "The Oxford English Dictionary" ("OED") was first used unofficially on the covers of the series, and in 1928 the full dictionary was republished in ten bound volumes. In 1933, the title "The Oxford English Dictionary" fully replaced the former name in all occurrences in its reprinting as twelve volumes with a one-volume supplement. More supplements came over the years until 1989, when the second edition was published. Since 2000, compilation of a third edition of the dictionary has been underway, approximately half

neg: New Oxford American Dictionary first edition was edited by Elizabeth J. Jewell and Frank Abate. Published in May 2005, the second edition was edited by Erin McKean. The edition added nearly 3,000 new words, senses, and phrases. It was in a large format, with 2096 pages, and was 8½" by 11" in size. It included a CD-ROM with the full text of the dictionary for Palm OS devices. Since 2005 Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X operating system has come bundled with a dictionary application and widget which credits as its source "Oxford American Dictionaries", and contains the full text of "NOAD2". The Amazon Kindle

neg: Oxford Latin Dictionary Oxford Latin Dictionary The Oxford Latin Dictionary (or OLD) is the standard English lexicon of Classical Latin, compiled from sources written before AD 200. Begun in 1933, it was published in fascicles between 1968 and 1982; a lightly revised second edition was released in 2012. The dictionary was created in order to meet the need for a more modern Latin-English dictionary than Lewis & Short's "Latin Dictionary", while being less ambitious in scope than the unfinished "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae". It was based on a new reading of classical sources, based on the advances in lexicography in creating the Oxford English

neg: Turkish language eat", "yediğin means "what you eat", and so on. The use of these "personal or relative participles" is illustrated in the following table, in which the examples are presented according to the grammatical case which would be seen in the equivalent English relative clause. Latest 2010 edition of "Büyük Türkçe Sözlük" ("Great Turkish Dictionary"), the official dictionary of the Turkish language published by Turkish Language Association, contains 616,767 words, expressions, terms and nouns. The 2005 edition of "Güncel Türkçe Sözlük", the official dictionary of the Turkish language published by Turkish Language Association, contains 104,481 words, of which about 86% are

neg: Oxford English Dictionary completed in 1933, is an abridgement of the full work that retains the historical focus, but does not include any words which were obsolete before 1700 except those used by Shakespeare, Milton, Spenser, and the King James Bible. A completely new edition was produced from the "OED2" and published in 1993, with revisions in 2002 and 2007. The "Concise Oxford Dictionary" is a different work, which aims to cover current English only, without the historical focus. The original edition, mostly based on the "OED1", was edited by Francis George Fowler and Henry Watson Fowler and published in 1911, before the

neg: Specialized dictionary difficulty for learners. These include dictionaries of phrasal verbs, such as the "Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary" (2nd edition, Oxford University Press: 2006), and dictionaries of collocation, such as "Macmillan Collocations Dictionary" (Oxford: Macmillan 2010). One of the most common types of specialized dictionary is what is often referred to in English as a technical dictionary and in German as a Fachwörterbuch. These dictionaries cover the terminology of a particular subject field or discipline. As described in Nielsen (1994), dictionaries of this type can be classified in various ways. A dictionary that covers more than one subject field is called a

neg: Oxford Classical Dictionary a prize for students who obtain four consecutive ascending gold medals on the exam. Oxford Classical Dictionary Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization Oxford Classical Dictionary The Oxford Classical Dictionary (OCD) is generally considered "the best one-volume dictionary on antiquity," an encyclopedic work in English consisting of articles relating to classical antiquity and its civilizations. It was first published in 1949 ("OCD" or "OCD"), edited by Max Cary with the assistance of H. J. Rose, H. P. Harvey, and Alexander Souter. A second edition followed in 1970 ("OCD"), edited by Nicholas G. L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, and a third

neg: Octopus "octopi" – which wrongly assumes it is a Latin second declension "-us" noun or adjective when, in either Greek or Latin, it is a third declension one – is considered grammatically incorrect, but is used frequently enough to be acknowledged by the descriptivist "Merriam-Webster 11th Collegiate Dictionary" and "Webster's New World College Dictionary". The "Oxford English Dictionary" lists "octopuses", "octopi", and "octopodes", in that order, reflecting frequency of use, calling "octopodes" rare and noting that "octopi" is based on a misunderstanding. The "New Oxford American Dictionary" (3rd Edition, 2010) lists "octopuses" as the only acceptable pluralisation, and indicates that "octopodes"

neg: Webster's Dictionary American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language". In 1969, it issued a college-sized dictionary, which has since been expanded and become one of the most popular English dictionaries. Now in its fifth edition, it is only slightly greater in vocabulary than the "Collegiate", but it appears much larger and has the appeal of many pictures and other features. Other medium-sized dictionaries have since entered the market, including the "New Oxford American" and the "Encarta Webster's", while Merriam-Webster has not attempted to compete by issuing a similar edition. The 1828 edition of the "American Dictionary of the English Language" (2 volumes;

neg: The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations quotations in her book on the life of Charles Williams (one of the committee). Later editions of the "Dictionary" were published in 1953 and thereafter, the 6th edition appearing in 2004 (), the 7th in 2009 (), and the 8th in 2014 (), all edited by Elizabeth Knowles. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, first published by the Oxford University Press in 1941, is an 1100-page book listing short quotations that are common in English language and culture. The book begins with a preface explaining the term "quotation". The dictionary has been compiled from extensive evidence

neg: Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary in Bangladesh and China). Included are 250 maps in black and white. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary ("Webster's Geographical Dictionary", "Webster's New Geographical Dictionary") is a gazetteer by the publisher Merriam-Webster. The latest edition was released in 2001, edited by Daniel J. Hopkins and contained over 54,000 entries. The first edition was published in 1949 and the second edition in 1972. The dictionary has currently over 54,000 alphabetically arranged entries of mountains, lakes, towns, and countries. It includes almost all places in the United States with a population greater than 2,500. The threshold for inclusion of places outside the

neg: Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary ("Webster's Geographical Dictionary", "Webster's New Geographical Dictionary") is a gazetteer by the publisher Merriam-Webster. The latest edition was released in 2001, edited by Daniel J. Hopkins and contained over 54,000 entries. The first edition was published in 1949 and the second edition in 1972. The dictionary has currently over 54,000 alphabetically arranged entries of mountains, lakes, towns, and countries. It includes almost all places in the United States with a population greater than 2,500. The threshold for inclusion of places outside the U.S. varies (from those over 4500 in Canada to those over 100,000

neg: Oxford English Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press. It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, as well as describing usage in its many variations throughout the world. The second edition, comprising 21,728 pages in 20 volumes, was published in 1989. Work began on the dictionary in 1857, but it was only in 1884 that it began to be published in unbound fascicles as work continued on the project, under the name of "A New English

neg: Garner's Modern English Usage phrases and notes on how to prevent verbosity and obscurity. In addition, it contains essays about the English language. An abridged version of the first edition was also published as The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style in 2000. The first edition was published in 1998 as "A Dictionary of Modern American Usage", released in an abridged, paperback edition in 2000 as "The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style" (not republished under this title since). In 2003, the second full edition was published under the title "Garner's Modern American Usage", with one-third more content than the original edition.

neg: Pronunciation respelling for English IPA may have been the "Collins English Dictionary" (1979), and others followed suit. The "Oxford English Dictionary", 2nd edition ("OED"2, 1989) used IPA, transcribed letter-for-letter from entries in the first edition, which had been noted in a scheme by the original editor, James Murray. While IPA has not been adopted by popular dictionaries in the United States, there is a demand for learner's dictionaries which provide both British and American English pronunciation. Some dictionaries, such as the "Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary" and the "Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English" provide a separate transcription for each. British and American English dialects have

neg: I say it's spinach Frog He Would A-Wooing Go"" ("With a rowley, powley, gammon and spinach / Heigh ho! says Anthony Rowley"). The 1989 second edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" lists these two close senses as letters below the same number in the entry for "spinach". "Cassell's Dictionary of Slang" gives just the American sense (but listed as extant 1900-1950) while conversely "Partridge" gives only the British, perhaps echoing the first edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" which also does so. I say it's spinach I say it's spinach (sometimes given in full as I say it's spinach and I say the hell

neg: Hans Wehr Hans Wehr Hans Bodo Gerhardt Wehr (; 5 July 1909, Leipzig24 May 1981, Münster) was a German Arabist. A professor at the University of Münster from 1957–1974, he published the "Arabisches Wörterbuch" (1952), which was later published in an English edition as "A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic", edited by J Milton Cowan. For the dictionary Wehr created a transliteration scheme to represent the Arabic alphabet. The latest edition of the dictionary was published in 1995 and is Arabic–German only. Wehr joined the National Socialist (Nazi) Party in 1940, and wrote an essay arguing that the German government should ally

neg: A Dictionary of First Names A Dictionary of First Names A Dictionary of First Names is an onomastic work of reference on given names, published by Oxford University Press, edited by Patrick Hanks, Kate Hardcastle, and Flavia Hodges in 1990 and 2006. The second edition of 2006 (as paperback 2007) discusses a total of "over 6,000 names". An abbreviated version, "A Concise Dictionary of First Names" was published by Oxford Paperback Reference in 1992, and an even more concise "Oxford minireference" version entitled "Babies' Names" in 1995. An online version is available to paying subscribers at oxfordreference.com. The same editors also published "A Dictionary of

neg: The Oxford Companion to Music editing work (for example on the "Grove Concise Dictionary of Music"). This edition consists of some 7400 articles and aims to bring the work up-to-date: for example, in its coverage of areas such as electronic music and computers. The 2002 revision is more current, handier and more affordable than its predecessor. However, it abridges the text and eliminates most of the illustrations. The text of the 2002 edition can be accessed online via Oxford Music Online, which is also a portal for The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. As well as being available to individual and educational subscribers,

neg: Terminology within polyamory latest version of the FAQ on polyamory.org, dated 1997, has this definition: In 1999, Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart was asked by the editor of the "Oxford English Dictionary" to provide a definition of the term (which the dictionary had not previously recognised). Her definition was: "Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English" defines polyamory as: "Merriam Webster's Dictionary" gives the definition as: No single written definition of "polyamory" has universal acceptance. It is generally agreed that polyamory involves multiple consensual, loving relationships (or openness to such), but beyond that the term is as ambiguous as the word "love" itself. Some suggest that

neg: Hans Wehr with "the Arabs" against England and France. The dictionary project was funded by the Nazi government, which intended to use it to translate Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" into Arabic. Hans Wehr Hans Bodo Gerhardt Wehr (; 5 July 1909, Leipzig24 May 1981, Münster) was a German Arabist. A professor at the University of Münster from 1957–1974, he published the "Arabisches Wörterbuch" (1952), which was later published in an English edition as "A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic", edited by J Milton Cowan. For the dictionary Wehr created a transliteration scheme to represent the Arabic alphabet. The latest edition of the

neg: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary OED. The first edition was published in February 1933. It was reprinted in March and April of that year and again in 1934. A Second Edition appeared in 1936 contained about 3,000 revisions and additions and was reprinted in 1939. A Third Edition was published in the United States under the name "The Oxford Universal Dictionary" in 1944 with reprints in 1947, 1950, 1952 and 1955. The 1955 reprint contained an addendum of new entries. The 1973 reprint, which contained an enlarged addenda with over seventy pages and a major revision of all the etymologies. The New SOED was prepared

neg: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary under the editorship of Lesley Brown 1980-1993 and was the first complete revision of the dictionary and should be considered a re-abridgement of the SOED and its supplements. The whole text was completely revised for the Fourth Edition, which was published in 1993 as the "New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary". The book attempted to include all English words which had substantial currency after 1700, plus the vocabulary of Shakespeare, John Milton, Edmund Spenser and the King James Version. As a historical dictionary, it includes obsolete words if they are used by major authors and earlier meanings where they explain the

neg: Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok "Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok", and are also referred to as "Tanum" or "Sverdrup-Sandvei". Co-editor from 1974 was Bernt Fossestøl, who died in 1988. Sandvei died in 1993. Boye Wangensteen was responsible for the 8th edition from 1996. He was also responsible for the 9th edition from 2005. The dictionary contains around 300,000 words, including compound words, foreign words, geographical names and technical terms. The latest edition is updated according to the normative changes which were effective from 1 July 2005, and is vetted by the Norwegian Language Council. From 1983 the dictionary has been issued by the publishing house Kunnskapsforlaget, along

neg: A Dictionary of First Names Surnames " with OUP in 1988. A Dictionary of First Names A Dictionary of First Names is an onomastic work of reference on given names, published by Oxford University Press, edited by Patrick Hanks, Kate Hardcastle, and Flavia Hodges in 1990 and 2006. The second edition of 2006 (as paperback 2007) discusses a total of "over 6,000 names". An abbreviated version, "A Concise Dictionary of First Names" was published by Oxford Paperback Reference in 1992, and an even more concise "Oxford minireference" version entitled "Babies' Names" in 1995. An online version is available to paying subscribers at oxfordreference.com. The same

neg: Black's Medical Dictionary continues through Macmillan Publishers. Black's Medical Dictionary Black's Medical Dictionary (42nd ed, 2010, ) is a comprehensive medical dictionary featuring definitions of medical terms, concepts and conditions, published by A & C Black Publishers. It was first published in 1906, and is now in its forty-second edition. It is considered a simplified home reference for medical terms. According to the publisher, "It contains over 5000 definitions and descriptions of medical terms and concepts with over 1000 diagrams." The latest edition contains new and expanded sections on: On April 1, 2010, Bloomsbury Academic & Professional became the new U.S. publisher of

neg: Black's Medical Dictionary Black's Medical Dictionary Black's Medical Dictionary (42nd ed, 2010, ) is a comprehensive medical dictionary featuring definitions of medical terms, concepts and conditions, published by A & C Black Publishers. It was first published in 1906, and is now in its forty-second edition. It is considered a simplified home reference for medical terms. According to the publisher, "It contains over 5000 definitions and descriptions of medical terms and concepts with over 1000 diagrams." The latest edition contains new and expanded sections on: On April 1, 2010, Bloomsbury Academic & Professional became the new U.S. publisher of A&C Black titles. Distribution

neg: Oxford English Dictionary entirely new dictionary produced with the aid of corpus linguistics. Once "NODE" was published, a similarly brand-new edition of the "Concise Oxford Dictionary" followed, this time based on an abridgement of "NODE" rather than the "OED"; "NODE" (under the new title of the "Oxford Dictionary of English", or "ODE") continues to be principal source for Oxford's product line of current-English dictionaries, including the "New Oxford American Dictionary", with the "OED" now only serving as the basis for scholarly historical dictionaries. The "OED" lists British headword spellings (e.g., "labour", "centre") with variants following ("labor", "center", etc.). For the suffix more commonly

neg: Michael Quinion Michael Quinion Michael Quinion (born c. 1943) is a British etymologist and writer. He ran World Wide Words, a website devoted to linguistics. He graduated from Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he studied physical sciences and after which he joined BBC radio as a studio manager. Quinion has contributed extensively to the "Oxford English Dictionary" as well as the "Oxford Dictionary of New Words" (Second Edition, 1996). He has since written "Ologies and Isms" (a 2002 dictionary of affixes) and "Port Out, Starboard Home: And Other Language Myths" (2004), published in the US as "Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words

neg: Michael Quinion and Spuds" in the US) deals with many such etymologies. Michael Quinion Michael Quinion (born c. 1943) is a British etymologist and writer. He ran World Wide Words, a website devoted to linguistics. He graduated from Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he studied physical sciences and after which he joined BBC radio as a studio manager. Quinion has contributed extensively to the "Oxford English Dictionary" as well as the "Oxford Dictionary of New Words" (Second Edition, 1996). He has since written "Ologies and Isms" (a 2002 dictionary of affixes) and "Port Out, Starboard Home: And Other Language Myths" (2004), published in the

neg: Table Alphabeticall inlarged with many words now in use" and includes the inscription ""Legere, et non intelligere, neglegere est"" ("To read, and to not understand, is to neglect"). As before, these newer editions were "to be sold at his shop at the great North doore of Paules Church." The first edition listed 2,543 headwords. The dictionary increased in size with every succeeding edition, until the fourth edition in 1617 defined 3,264 words. The only surviving copy is found at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) reference Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall, but not by name, in the

neg: Jonathan Crowther (1988), "Best of Azed Crosswords", Chambers (1989), , "Observer Azed Crosswords", Chambers (1991), , "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English", Co-editor, various editions (OUP Oxford) "Making the most of dictionaries in the classroom: A guide for teachers of English" (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Oxford Wordpower Dictionary) (ELT) co-authored with Sally Wehmeier, Oxford University Press (1994), , "Indian and British English": A Handbook of Usage and Pronunciation, Co-author, Oxford University Press; 2nd Ed edition (2004), , "Chambers Book of Azed Crosswords", Chambers Harrap (2005) , "The Best Of Azed", Guardian Books (2005), , "Oxford Guide to British and American Culture",

neg: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians encompass the Grove brand, is University of Pittsburgh professor Deane Root. He assumed the editorship in 2009. The dictionary, originally published by Macmillan, was sold in 2004 to Oxford University Press. Since 2008 "Grove Music Online" has served as a cornerstone of Oxford University Press's larger online research tool "Oxford Music Online", which remains a subscription-based service. As well as being available to individual and educational subscribers, it is available for use at many public and university libraries worldwide, through institutional subscriptions. "Grove Music Online" identifies itself as the Eighth Edition of the overall work. "The New Grove" is often

neg: Dictionary of National Biography on its own", but acknowledging also that a final definitive selection is impossible to achieve. Following Matthew's death in October 1999, he was succeeded as editor by another Oxford historian, Professor Brian Harrison, in January 2000. The new dictionary, now known as the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (or "ODNB"), was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes in print at a price of £7500, and in an online edition for subscribers. Most UK holders of a current library card can access it online free of charge. In subsequent years, the print edition has been able to be obtained

neg: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary development of a word. Headwords are traced back to their earliest usage. Includes 97,600 headwords, 25,250 variant spellings, 500,000 definitions, 87,400 illustrative quotations and 7,333 sources of quotations (including 5,519 individual authors). The Fifth Edition was published in 2002, and contains more than half a million definitions, with 83,500 illustrative quotations from 7,000 authors. The name Shorter Oxford English Dictionary was used to emphasise the link between this two-volume dictionary and the original twenty-volume OED. On 21 September 2007, the Sixth Edition appeared. The dictionary now includes 600,000 words, phrases, and definitions, covering global English-speaking regions and 2500 new words

neg: Oxford English Dictionary senses. As entries began to be revised for the "OED3" in sequence starting from M, the longest entry became "make" in 2000, then "put" in 2007, then "run" in 2011. Despite its considerable size, the "OED" is neither the world's largest nor the earliest exhaustive dictionary of a language. Another earlier large dictionary is the Grimm brothers' dictionary of the German language, begun in 1838 and completed in 1961. The first edition of the "Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca" is the first great dictionary devoted to a modern European language (Italian) and was published in 1612; the first edition of

neg: Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok is a Norwegian Bokmål dictionary. It was first published by the publishing house Johan Grundt Tanums forlag in 1940 as "Norsk Rettskrivningsordbok". The 9th and latest edition was published in 2005. The work was initiated by philologist Jakob Sverdrup in 1936, who edited the dictionary until his death in 1938. After his death linguist and educator Marius Sandvei took over the responsibility as editor. The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1940 by the publishing house Johan Grundt Tanums forlag, with the title "Norsk Rettskrivningsordbok". Later editions of the dictionary are called

neg: Edmund Weiner a book on Tolkien: "The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary" (by Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall and Edmund Weiner, Oxford University Press, 2006, ), analysing the relationship between J.R.R. Tolkien and the OED. He and Marshall also contributed a chapter on Tolkien's invented languages to "From Elvish to Klingon" (edited by Michael Adams, Oxford University Press, 2011, ). Edmund Weiner Edmund Weiner (born 27 August 1950 in Oxford, England) was co-editor (with John A. Simpson) of the Second Edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" (1985–1989) and Deputy Chief Editor of the "Oxford English Dictionary" (1993–present). He originally

neg: Robert Burchfield English straight after graduating (1952–53), subsequently moving colleges to Christ Church (1953–57) and St Peter's (1955–79). Through C. T. Onions, the Magdalen librarian, Burchfield assisted in editing one of Onions’s projects, the "Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology". His preparation of an edition of the Ormulum was supervised by J. R. R. Tolkien.<ref name="OED/Independent">"Oxford English Dictionary" website entry for Robert Burchfield, including "The Independent"′s obituary.</ref> Onions recommended him to Dan Davin as editor of the second "Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary", on which he worked from 1957 to 1986. He re-established the network of volunteer readers sending in records of

neg: Oxford English Dictionary "Dictionnaire de l'Académie française" dates from 1694. The official dictionary of Spanish is the "Diccionario de la lengua española" (produced, edited, and published by the Real Academia Española), and its first edition was published in 1780. The Kangxi dictionary of Chinese was published in 1716. The dictionary began as a Philological Society project of a small group of intellectuals in London (and unconnected to Oxford University): Richard Chenevix Trench, Herbert Coleridge, and Frederick Furnivall, who were dissatisfied with the existing English dictionaries. The Society expressed interest in compiling a new dictionary as early as 1844, but it was not until

neg: Comparison of English dictionaries Comparison of English dictionaries These tables compare modern and notable English dictionaries, split by market segment. Unless noted after the edition number, all are single-volume works. Note that the publisher's definition of an "entry" differs. Some publishers count derivatives as separate entries while others count expressions consisting of more than one word as separate entries. The number of entries is a marketing term that should never be used to compare dictionaries. As an example, the 6th Edition of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (SOED6, 2007) contains approximately: The 2nd Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) includes more historical entries

neg: The Australian National Dictionary "The Australian Language" (1945) and G.A. Wilkes' "Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms" (1978). Work on the Australian National Dictionary Project was undertaken from the late 1970s by W.S. (Bill) Ramson (1933–2011) at the Australian National University. Ramson was motivated by a lack of lexicographic work on Australian English on historical principles, in the tradition of the "Oxford English Dictionary". The project gained funding from Oxford University Press and the first edition of the "Australian National Dictionary" was published by Oxford in 1988, coinciding with the bicentenary of Australia’s settlement. It was the first comprehensive, historically based record of the words and

neg: Elizabeth Livingstone Elizabeth Livingstone Elizabeth Anne Livingstone , also known as E. A. Livingstone, is an English Anglican theologian, specialising in patristics. She was co-editor with Frank Leslie Cross of the first edition of "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church" in 1957 and continued as editor of later editions after Cross's death in 1968. She is also the editor of "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church". She has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Oxford and a Lambeth Doctorate of Divinity. She is an Honorary Fellow of St Stephen's House, Oxford. She organised the Oxford International

neg: Canadian English DCHP, the online Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles 2 (DCHP-2) was published. DCHP-2 incorporates the c. 10,000 lexemes from DCHP-1 and adds c. 1300 novel meanings or 1002 lexemes to the documented lexicon of Canadian English. In 1997, the "ITP Nelson Dictionary of the Canadian English Language" was another product, but has not been updated since. In 1998, Oxford University Press produced a Canadian English dictionary, after five years of lexicographical research, entitled "The Oxford Canadian Dictionary". A second edition, retitled "The Canadian Oxford Dictionary", was published in 2004. Just as the older dictionaries it includes uniquely Canadian words

neg: Hart's Rules Dictionary" by Frederick Howard Collins (first published in 1905 and renamed in 1983). A freshly compiled successor, published in 2005, returned to the "traditional small handbook form", matching "New Hart's Rules", and is titled The New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. It is intended for "people who work with words—authors, copy-editors, proofreaders, students writing essays and dissertations, journalists, people writing reports or other documents, and website editors." This edition was reprinted with a new cover in 2014, to match a make-over of various Oxford reference publications. It is distinct from the similarly titled "[New] Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers

neg: The Australian National Dictionary The Australian National Dictionary The Australian National Dictionary: Australian Words and Their Origins is a historical dictionary of Australian English, recording 16,000 words, phrases and meanings of Australian origin and use. The first edition of the dictionary, edited by W.S. Ramson, was published in 1988 by Oxford University Press; the second edition was edited by Bruce Moore at the Australian National Dictionary Centre, and published in 2016. The first lexicographer to attempt a systematic documentation of Australian English words was E. E. Morris whose "Austral English" was published in 1898. The next significant works on Australian words were Sidney Baker’s

neg: Dictionary of National Biography amendments. These and other queries received since publication are being considered as part of an ongoing programme of assessing proposed corrections or additions to existing subject articles, which can, when approved, be incorporated into the online edition of the dictionary. In 2005, The American Library Association awarded the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" its prestigious Dartmouth Medal. A general review of the dictionary was published in 2007. Sir David Cannadine took over the editorship from October 2014. Dictionary of National Biography The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published

neg: Charles Dickens Jr. edition (eighteenth year). His dictionaries had been picked up in 1882 by Macmillan & Co. who printed them until 1889, after which it was again published by Dickens and Evans through J. Smith. "Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Oxford to the Nore: An Unconventional Handbook" is the second book of Charles Dickens Jr. The "1880" edition was first published in London in 1879, by "Charles Dickens and Evans" (Dickens Jr. and his father-in-law, publisher Frederick Evans). The next 1880 edition and further were slightly retitled to "Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames, From Its Source to the Nore: An Unconventional

neg: Green's Dictionary of Slang throughout the 2000s, with a second edition of "Cassell's Dictionary of Slang" appearing as an interim work in 2005 and, after the acquisition of Cassell by Chambers, a third edition under the new title of the "Chambers Slang Dictionary" in 2008. In 2009 the dictionary was ready to be published in its first edition, and was released in 2010 in Great Britain by Hachette (the new owners of Chambers Harrap) and in 2011 in North America by the Oxford University Press. Though Green hoped to release a full and regularly updated online edition shortly thereafter, due to a legal dispute

neg: Daijirin Web Dictionary offers Web and mobile phone subscription access to numerous dictionaries, including "E-jirin" (e辞林). Nippon Telegraph and Telephone's "Goo Lab" provides a server that allows free online searching of the second edition "Sūpā Daijirin". Yahoo also provides access to the second edition of the dictionary. One of the biggest differences between "Daijirin" and "Kōjien" definitions is how they arrange meanings. A dictionary can arrange entries either historically with the oldest recorded meanings first (e.g., "Kōjien" and "Oxford English Dictionary") or popularly with the most common meanings first (e.g., "Daijirin" and "American Heritage Dictionary"). "Daijirin" entries encompass diverse vocabulary, including

neg: Dictionary of Women Artists 1985. The problem with that work is that the more well-documented women were included with countless "one-liners". In 2001 Gaze produced a new "Concise" edition with a smaller selection in a single volume. Dictionary of Women Artists Dictionary of Women Artists is a two-volume dictionary of 600 women artists born before 1945, going back to the Middle Ages. It was edited by Delia Gaze with 23 advisors and over 100 contributors. Gaze is a writer for the Oxford DNB and wrote several biographies that were released in the 2004 edition of the ODNB. The book is widely cited as a

neg: Australian National Dictionary Centre between Oxford University Press and the Australian National University in 1988. The Australian National Dictionary Centre's major research project is the "Australian National Dictionary". The project seeks to find English words and meanings that have originated in Australia, that have a greater currency in Australia than elsewhere, or that have a special significance in Australian history. The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1988 and contains some 10,000 entries. The second edition was published in 2016 and contains 16,000 entries. The Australian National Dictionary Centre produces a number of monographs resulting from data collection from regional sources: glossaries

neg: Black's Law Dictionary Black's Law Dictionary Black's Law is the most widely used law dictionary in the United States. It was founded by Henry Campbell Black (1860–1927). It is the reference of choice for terms in legal briefs and court opinions and has been cited as a secondary legal authority in many U.S. Supreme Court cases." The latest editions, including abridged and pocket versions, are useful starting points for the layman or student when faced with an unfamiliar legal term. The first edition was published in 1891, and the second edition in 1910. The sixth and earlier editions of the book also provided

neg: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) was first published by Longman in 1978. The dictionary is available in various formats: paper only; paper with a bundled premium website; online access only or a gratis online version. "LDOCE" is an advanced learner's dictionary, providing definitions by using a restricted vocabulary, helping non-native English speakers to understand meanings easily. The latest version of "Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English" is the sixth edition. The premium website was revised during 2014 and 2015 and offers over a million corpus examples, exceeding that of the paper version and also supplying

neg: Oxford English Dictionary the name, and the second edition of the "OED," or the "OED2," was published. The first edition retronymically became the "OED1". The "Oxford English Dictionary 2" was printed in 20 volumes. For the first time, there was no attempt to start them on letter boundaries, and they were made roughly equal in size. The 20 volumes started with "A", "B.B.C.", "Cham", "Creel", "Dvandva", "Follow", "Hat", "Interval", "Look", "Moul", "Ow", "Poise", "Quemadero", "Rob", "Ser", "Soot", "Su", "Thru", "Unemancipated", and "Wave". The content of the "OED2" is mostly just a reorganization of the earlier corpus, but the retypesetting provided an opportunity for

neg: A Greek–English Lexicon died before the first edition (1843) was complete. The second through sixth editions appeared in 1845, 1849, 1855, 1861, and 1869. The first editor of the LSJ, Henry George Liddell, was Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, and the father of Alice Liddell, the eponymous Alice of the writings of Lewis Carroll. The eighth edition (1897) is the last edition published during Liddell's lifetime. The LSJ is sometimes compared and contrasted with "A Latin Dictionary" by Lewis and Short, which was also published by Oxford University Press (OUP). For comparisons between the two works, see the article on Lewis and Short's

neg: Maven of the 1976 edition of "Webster's Third New International Dictionary". Since the 1980s, it became somewhat more common after William Safire adopted it as a self-promotional tool in the USA, describing himself as "the language maven" (among other nicknames). It was included in the "Oxford English Dictionary" second edition (1989) and the "American Heritage Dictionary" fourth edition (2000). Numerous individuals and entities now affix maven or mavin to market their expertise in a particular area. For instance, Joyce Eisenberg and Ellen Scolnic, authors of the "Dictionary of Jewish Words" (Jewish Publication Society 2006) call themselves "The Word Mavens". Although not

neg: Edmund Weiner Edmund Weiner Edmund Weiner (born 27 August 1950 in Oxford, England) was co-editor (with John A. Simpson) of the Second Edition of the "Oxford English Dictionary" (1985–1989) and Deputy Chief Editor of the "Oxford English Dictionary" (1993–present). He originally joined the OED staff in 1977, becoming the dictionary's chief philologist. Previously, he taught Old English, Middle English and English linguistic history at Christ Church, Oxford, where he also undertook research on Middle English literature. He is now a Fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford. As well as writing or compiling a number of books on English grammar and usage, he co-authored

neg: Oxford Art Online Oxford Art Online Oxford Art Online (formerly known as Grove Art Online, previous to that The Dictionary of Art and often referred to as The Grove Dictionary of Art) is a large encyclopedia of art, now part of the online reference publications of Oxford University Press, and previously a 34-volume printed encyclopedia first published by Grove in 1996 and reprinted with minor corrections in 1998. A new edition was published in 2003 by Oxford University Press. Written by 6,700 experts from around the world, its 32,600-pages cover over 45,000 topics about art, artists, art critics, art collectors, or anything else

neg: Monolingual learner's dictionary edition. It was originally published in Japan in 1942 as "The Idiomatic and Syntactic Dictionary of English", written by A. S. Hornby and two collaborators. It was subsequently republished as "A Learner's Dictionary of Current English" in 1948, before acquiring its current name. Other publishers gradually entered the market. The "Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English" was published in 1978, and its most striking feature was the use of a restricted defining vocabulary, which is now a standard feature of learners' dictionaries. There are currently six major MLDs for advanced learners. In addition to the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, these are:

neg: The Oxford History of Western Music The Oxford History of Western Music The Oxford History of Western Music is a narrative history from the "earliest notations" (taken to be around the eighth century) to the late twentieth century. It was written by the American musicologist Richard Taruskin. Published by Oxford University Press, it is a multi-volume work, but is shorter than the same publisher's "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", which is written by multiple contributors. The "Oxford History of Western Music" appeared in 2005. A paperback edition in five volumes followed in 2009. It is available online, but is not part of Oxford

neg: Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok being printed with an erroneous word-division in the title printed on the book's spine. Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok Tanums store rettskrivningsordbok is a Norwegian Bokmål dictionary. It was first published by the publishing house Johan Grundt Tanums forlag in 1940 as "Norsk Rettskrivningsordbok". The 9th and latest edition was published in 2005. The work was initiated by philologist Jakob Sverdrup in 1936, who edited the dictionary until his death in 1938. After his death linguist and educator Marius Sandvei took over the responsibility as editor. The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1940 by the publishing house Johan Grundt

neg: Wassailing hale"—i.e., “be in good health”. The correct response to the greeting is "Drinc hæl" meaning "drink and be healthy". According to the Oxford English Dictionary "waes hael" is the Middle English (and hence post-Norman) spelling parallel to OE "hál wes þú", and was a greeting not a toast. The American Heritage Dictionary, fifth edition, gives Old Norse "ves heill" as the source of Middle English "waeshaeil". However the Oxford English Dictionary explicitly rejects this, saying "neither in Old English nor in Old Norse, nor indeed in any Germanic language, has any trace been found of the use as drinking formulas".

neg: Australian Oxford Dictionary Australian Oxford Dictionary The Australian Oxford Dictionary, sometimes abbreviated as "AOD", is a dictionary of Australian English published by Oxford University Press. The "AOD" combines elements of the previous Oxford publication, "The Australian National Dictionary" (sometimes abbreviated as "AND"), which was a comprehensive, historically based record of 10,000 words and phrases representing Australia's contribution to English. However, "The Australian National Dictionary" was not a full dictionary, and could not be used as one in the normal sense. The "AOD" borrowed its scholarship both from the "AND" and from "The Oxford English Dictionary", and competed with the "Macquarie Dictionary" when it

neg: Calvert Watkins a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics" (Oxford University Press, 1995). He contributed his expertise on Indo-European languages to the first edition of "The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language" and edited "The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots"(). "" was published on November 16, 1995 through Oxford University Press and attempted to establish a formulaic method of comparative linguistics which exemplified the importance of the poetic formula in order to better trace the development of Indo-European languages by working backwards and identifying patterns from their mother language, Proto-Indo-European. The book is divided into two main halves, the first of

neg: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary one of the most used resources by learners of the English language worldwide. The book is useful for all competitive exams. In contrast to the Oxford's learner dictionaries, which are designed for learning foreign languages (English in the case of OALD), Oxford Student's Dictionary is designed for learners using English to study other subjects. Oxford Student's Dictionary has smaller vocabulary than the OALD counterpart. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (OALD) was the first advanced learner's dictionary of English. It was first published in 1948. It is the largest English-language dictionary from Oxford University Press aimed at

neg: N-up output was stimulated with the introduction of page layout languages such as PostScript, and later PDF, which made such page compositions very easy; as exemplified by the "GNU Enscript" program as early as 1995. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary is notable for using N-up printing as a means to physically compress the large multi-volume dictionary into a much smaller and thus more accessible work. The first Compact OED edition of 1971 used a 4-up layout (4 original pages per resulting page); while the second edition of 1991 used a 9-up format, giving a total of 18 original pages being visible

neg: Oxford spelling which come from the Greek verb , "lyo", the perfective (aorist) stem of which is "-lys-": hence the spelling "-yse" is here the more etymological one. Others include "arise", "chastise", "disguise", "prise" (in the sense of open), and "televise", though the last is a hybrid word. Oxford spelling (especially the first form listed in the "Concise Oxford English Dictionary", Twelfth Edition) is the official or "de facto" spelling standard used in style guides of the international organizations that belong to the United Nations System. This includes the World Health Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the International Labour Organization, the World

neg: Slovene language ambiguous. Standard Slovene spelling and grammar are defined by the Orthographic Committee and the Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language, which are both part of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ("Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti", SAZU). The newest reference book of standard Slovene spelling (and to some extent also grammar) is the "Slovenski pravopis" ("SP2001"; Slovene Normative Guide). The latest printed edition was published in 2001 (reprinted in 2003 with some corrections) and contains more than 130,000 dictionary entries. In 2003, an electronic version was published. The official dictionary of modern Slovene, which was also prepared by