query: the afl-cio is considered what type of group

pos: AFL–CIO policies such as labor law reform, immigration reform, and health care reform. The longshoremen's union said it would become an independent union. AFL–CIO The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of fifty-five national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million active and retired workers. The AFL-CIO engages in substantial political spending and activism, typically in support of Democrats and liberal or progressive policies. The AFL-CIO was formed in 1955 when the AFL and the CIO merged after a long estrangement.

pos: AFL–CIO AFL–CIO The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of fifty-five national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million active and retired workers. The AFL-CIO engages in substantial political spending and activism, typically in support of Democrats and liberal or progressive policies. The AFL-CIO was formed in 1955 when the AFL and the CIO merged after a long estrangement. Membership in the union peaked in 1979, when the AFL-CIO had nearly twenty million members. From 1955 until 2005, the AFL-CIO's member

pos: Michael Podhorzer Michael Podhorzer Michael Podhorzer (born 1956) is the political director of the AFL-CIO, the largest federation of unions in the United States. On June 28, 2011, AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka announced that Podhorzer would be the Federation's new political director. Previously, he served at the AFL-CIO as deputy director of the political department since 2005. He came to the AFL-CIO in 1997. While at the AFL, he helped establish Working America, the community partner of the AFL-CIO that has grown to 3 million members nationwide. Podhorzer serves as the executive director to Workers’ Voice, a "super PAC". As political director,

neg: William Sidell he was elected a vice president of the AFL-CIO, and served on the executive committee of the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO and chaired the AFL-CIO Committee on Housing (a group which lobbied Congress on housing policy). President Gerald Ford appointed him to the President's Collective Bargaining Committee in Construction, but resigned in 1976 when Ford unexpectedly vetoed a "common situs" picketing bill. He was considered a successor to AFL-CIO president George Meany. But when Meany hand-picked his assistant, Lane Kirkland, as his successor, Sidell and other contenders for the presidency withdrew. After his retirement, President Jimmy Carter appointed

neg: Coalition of Labor Union Women relies on the AFL-CIO for funding. Members from both groups characterize the support as mutual. CLUW helps the AFL-CIO by associating women with labor movements and the AFL-CIO provides money for CLUW. CLUW members believe that even though they are a support group of the AFL-CIO, it did not mean they agree on everything the AFL-CIO believes in and likewise, have their own independence. According to a respondent, "We call us a "support group" because mostly and fundamentally we support each other. However, we are not the AFL-CIO. We are the women's movement within the AFL-CIO. And I think we

neg: Congress of Industrial Organizations group within the AFL to carry on the fight for industrial organizing. The creation of the CIO was announced on November 9, 1935. Whether Lewis then intended to split the AFL over this issue is debatable; at the outset, the CIO presented itself as only a group of unions within the AFL gathered to support industrial unionism, rather than a group opposed to the AFL itself. The AFL leadership, however, treated the CIO as an enemy from the outset by refusing to deal with it and demanding that it dissolve. The AFL's opposition to the CIO, however, only increased the

neg: Florida AFL–CIO a go-between for specific interests such as representation and organization; Central Labor Councils arbitrate intermediary issues between members and affiliates, members and the State Federation, and affiliates and the State Federation. Their actions are no way intermediary, however. Often, CLC's are considered a review board of regional issues. The Florida AFL–CIO has ten regional and/or local central labor councils (CLCs): Florida AFL–CIO Florida AFL–CIO is a statewide federation of labor unions in the state of Florida affiliated with the AFL-CIO. The federation's membership consists of about 450 local unions from 41 international unions (or about 500,000 active and retired workers).

neg: Labor history of the United States the compromises and did not contest the selection of Meany to head the AFL-CIO. Fearing the fallout of a drawn-out negotiation process, the AFL and CIO leadership decided on a "short route" to reconciliation. This meant all AFL and CIO unions would be accepted into the new organization "as is," with all conflicts and overlaps to be sorted out after the merger. Negotiations were conducted by a small, select group of advisors. The draft constitution was primarily written by AFL Vice President Matthew Woll and CIO General Counsel Arthur Goldberg, while the joint policy statements were written by Woll, CIO

neg: John Sweeney (labor leader) markedly increased and many unions had taken to raiding one another to increase membership. A number of unions were unhappy with what they saw as AFL-CIO criticism of their organizing programs. In May 2000, the United Transportation Union disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO over a jurisdictional dispute. It was followed in April 2001 by the Carpenters union, which claimed that Sweeney's organizing efforts had failed and that the AFL-CIO structure must be abandoned. Despite substantial investment in politics, the AFL-CIO had not succeeded in restoring the Democrats to a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives. Some union presidents began to

neg: Organizing Institute the Houston Organizing Project collapsed. Partly in response to the collapse of the Houston Organizing Project, in 1983 the AFL-CIO executive council began an extensive strategic planning project. A plan was adopted two years later which, among other things, endorsed higher levels of organizing. Between 1985 and 1988, the AFL-CIO developed what subsequently became known as "the organizing model." The organizing model was introduced to AFL-CIO member unions in a massive, two-day telephone and video conference call on February 29 to March 1, 1988. An AFL-CIO training manual, "Numbers that Count," was then published. The manual concluded unions were more

neg: Massachusetts AFL–CIO Massachusetts AFL–CIO Massachusetts AFL–CIO is the Massachusetts state affiliate of the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). It was founded in 1958. The Mass AFL-CIO is the umbrella organization for more than 750 local unions and intermediate bodies, such as joint boards and district councils, whose parent international unions are affiliated with the national AFL-CIO. It is one of 51 state federations operated under a charter granted by the AFL-CIO. The Mass AFL-CIO engages in political education, legislative action, organizing, and education and training. Among its areas of interest are: jobs, workers' compensation, workplace health and safety, unemployment

neg: AFL–CIO bodies. These groups conduct research, host training and educational conferences, issue research reports and publications, lobby for legislation and build coalitions with local groups. Each constituency group has the right to sit in on AFL-CIO executive council meetings, and to exercise representational and voting rights at AFL-CIO conventions. The AFL-CIO's seven constituency groups include the A. Philip Randolph Institute, the AFL-CIO Union Veterans Council, the Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance, the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, the Coalition of Labor Union Women, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement and Pride at Work. The Working for America Institute started out

neg: Massachusetts AFL–CIO insurance, collective bargaining and tax policy. The Mass AFL-CIO works with like-minded consumer, civic, religious and labor groups to achieve its goals. The Mass AFL-CIO used to be known as the Massachusetts Federation of Labor and the Massachusetts Labor Council. Massachusetts AFL–CIO Massachusetts AFL–CIO is the Massachusetts state affiliate of the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). It was founded in 1958. The Mass AFL-CIO is the umbrella organization for more than 750 local unions and intermediate bodies, such as joint boards and district councils, whose parent international unions are affiliated with the national AFL-CIO. It is one

neg: Rhode Island AFL–CIO Rhode Island AFL–CIO The Rhode Island AFL–CIO is the statewide affiliate of the AFL-CIO in Rhode Island. Its members include about 250 state and local affiliates of other unions affiliated with the AFL-CIO, representing about 80,000 workers. The Rhode Island AFL–CIO engages in legislative activity, labor advocacy, and political lobbying and election work. It also coordinates the mobilization of workers on an as-needed basis for rallies, political work, contract campaigns and organizing. The Rhode Island AFL–CIO is particularly concerned with ensuring that the AFL-CIO's voice is heard when it comes to economic development in the state. The federation is governed

neg: Leo Gerard on Energy Policy. He is also a member of the Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN). Gerard was elected a vice president of the AFL-CIO in 2001, elected to the AFL-CIO Executive Council in 2001, and appointed to serve on the labor federation's Executive Committee in February 2003. He was instrumental in the formation of the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Council, and was named chair of the AFL-CIO's Public Policy Committee in March 2005. He also is a member of the Apollo Alliance, a group which works toward North American energy independence and cleaner and more efficient energy alternatives,

neg: AFL–CIO of the AFL-CIO include the AFL-CIO Building Investment Trust, the AFL-CIO Employees Federal Credit Union, the AFL-CIO Housing Investment Trust, the National Labor College and Union Privilege. The AFL-CIO is affiliated to the Brussels-based International Trade Union Confederation, formed November 1, 2006. The new body incorporated the member organizations of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, of which the AFL-CIO had long been part. The AFL-CIO had had a very active foreign policy in building and strengthening free trade unions. During the Cold War it vigorously opposed Communist unions in Latin America and Europe. In opposing Communism it helped

neg: John Sweeney (labor leader) Although NUP's existence had been revealed in October 2003, the group did not announce its platform until March 2004. The NUP platform included a number of proposals. First, the AFL-CIO should mandate the merger of smaller unions with larger ones, and the AFL-CIO must redraw and enforce jurisdictional lines along those of major industries, or "core jurisdictions." Second, a number of AFL-CIO departments (including health and safety, education, and civil and human rights) must be merged or eliminated. Third, political spending must be significantly reduced in favor of major new AFL-CIO spending on organizing. Sweeney told the press he would

neg: Florida AFL–CIO every odd-numbered year. Members discuss, approve, and implement the policies of the federation, and elect its officers. Every other convention, the convention elects two executive officers, a president and secretary-treasurer. At every convention, the members elect 42 vice presidents. There are 17 vice presidents nominated from each district of the Florida AFL–CIO, 16 vice presidents nominated by member unions of the federation, five at-large vice presidents, and 4 "constituency group" vice presidents. Between conventions, the two executive officers and 42 board members constitute an executive board which implements the policies of the Florida AFL-CIO. In 2009, Florida AFL–CIO delegates elected

neg: AFL–CIO as a department of the AFL-CIO. Established in 1958, it was previously known as the Human Resources Development Institute (HRDI). John Sweeney renamed the department and spun it off as an independent organization in 1998 to act as a lobbying group to promote economic development, develop new economic policies, and lobby Congress on economic policy. The American Center for International Labor Solidarity started out as the Free Trade Union Committee (FTUC), which internationally promoted free labor-unions. Other organizations that are allied with the AFL-CIO include: Programs are organizations established and controlled by the AFL-CIO to serve certain organizational goals. Programs

neg: George Hardy (labor leader) overwhelmingly approved by PEF members on December 6, 1979. Hardy continued to be very politically active as SEIU president. Angry that the AFL-CIO executive council and AFL-CIO president George Meany had refused to endorse George McGovern for president in the 1972 presidential election, Hardy formed a group of like-minded labor leaders and announced the group would stump nationiwide for McGovern. In gratitude for his actions, Hardy was nominated to and won a seat on the Democratic National Committee in 1973. Despite the public nature of his political feuds with the more conservative Meany, Hardy backed Meany when the AFL-CIO attempted

neg: Maine AFL–CIO Maine AFL–CIO The Maine AFL–CIO is a federation of AFL-CIO-affiliated labor unions in the state of Maine. The federation lobbies the state legislature and executive branch on issues important to its members, assists its state and local affiliate unions in organizing new members, conducts training and educational programs, and conducts research into labor-related issues such as workplace health and safety, health care, wages and benefits and more. The Maine AFL–CIO also sponsors the Maine Women's Labor Institute, which trains working women in how to become more effective union leaders and political activists. Membership in the Maine AFL–CIO is open to

neg: Change to Win Federation Roekel, president of the National Education Association, which is independent and belongs to neither group. A number of major issues were discussed in the opening round of talks. One major point of discussion revolved around who would lead any reunited federation. AFL-CIO President John Sweeney was widely expected to retire at the trade union center's August 2009 convention, and Laborer's president Terence O'Sullivan and AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasurer Richard Trumka had been discussed as his successors. The nature of the AFL-CIO presidency was part of the leadership talks, with some unions suggesting that the presidency rotate among member unions while others hoped

neg: AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union The AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union is a multiple common bond, federally chartered credit union headquartered in Washington, D.C. The credit union was founded in 1952 for members of the AFL-CIO. It currently has two locations serving 9,723 members. AFL-CIO Employees FCU has assets of $76 million. The most current annual report lists assets for Fiscal Year ending December 31, 2015, as $53.6 million. The economic downturn of 2008 negatively affected the credit union with large losses in the first half of the year. Employees of the AFL-CIO are eligible for membership in the credit

neg: Florida AFL–CIO the Change to Win Federation (CTW), the Florida AFL–CIO established the United Labor Lobby as a way for AFL-CIO and CTW unions to work together on legislative issues. The Florida AFL–CIO publishes a bi-weekly newspaper, "Solidarity in the Sunshine." The federation also hands out an A. Philip Randolph Award each year. Individuals are nominated by a committee of the Florida AFL–CIO, and the prize awarded at the annual Florida Labor Hall of Fame Gala each odd-numbered year. There may be none or several award recipients in a given year. The Florida AFL–CIO is governed by its membership, meeting in convention

neg: Maine AFL–CIO Maine's state government. Maine AFL–CIO The Maine AFL–CIO is a federation of AFL-CIO-affiliated labor unions in the state of Maine. The federation lobbies the state legislature and executive branch on issues important to its members, assists its state and local affiliate unions in organizing new members, conducts training and educational programs, and conducts research into labor-related issues such as workplace health and safety, health care, wages and benefits and more. The Maine AFL–CIO also sponsors the Maine Women's Labor Institute, which trains working women in how to become more effective union leaders and political activists. Membership in the Maine AFL–CIO

neg: 2010 United States Senate Democratic primary election in Pennsylvania On March 30, Specter won the backing of the AFL-CIO, which was considered one of the most important endorsements in the primary race. It was one of several major labor endorsements Specter had received, including the state Service Employees International Union and the Pennsylvania State Education Association, which represented 200,000 state teachers. Representatives from the AFL-CIO cited Specter's backing of President Obama's stimulus package as a major factor in their decision. Sestak criticized the union federation's decision, pointing out he had a 100 percent rating from the national AFL-CIO while Specter had a 61 percent rating. He also attacked Specter

neg: Rhode Island AFL–CIO by a 93-member executive board. However, a 12-member executive committee of the executive board makes most of the decisions for the organization. In 2007, its president was Frank Montanaro. Rhode Island AFL–CIO The Rhode Island AFL–CIO is the statewide affiliate of the AFL-CIO in Rhode Island. Its members include about 250 state and local affiliates of other unions affiliated with the AFL-CIO, representing about 80,000 workers. The Rhode Island AFL–CIO engages in legislative activity, labor advocacy, and political lobbying and election work. It also coordinates the mobilization of workers on an as-needed basis for rallies, political work, contract campaigns and

neg: National Federation of Independent Unions a body with an emphasis on what they term "independent unionism": individual, independent unions with "[t]he right to all the benefits of independence, including total autonomy [and] local treasury control." It affiliated with the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), AFL-CIO, under terms of extreme autonomy which allow the union to offer members the "rights, benefits and privileges of AFL-CIO membership and its Union Privilege Program" while preserving (for better or worse) their tradition of the independence and autonomy of constituent bodies. Since then, LIUNA briefly left the AFL-CIO to join the Change to Win Federation, then decided to

neg: Union Label Department, AFL–CIO Union Label Department, AFL–CIO The Union Label and Service Trades Department, AFL-CIO was founded on April 12, 1909, to promote the products and services produced in America by trade union members—especially those products and services identified by a union label, shop card, store card and/or service button. The department is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL-CIO. The department's offices at located at the AFL-CIO headquarters in Washington, D.C. The department has a large number of state and local councils and committees, and works closely with AFL-CIO state and local labor bodies to carry out its functions. The ULS&TD primary

neg: Union Label Department, AFL–CIO "official" Internet shopping site for union-made products and services. Union Label Department, AFL–CIO The Union Label and Service Trades Department, AFL-CIO was founded on April 12, 1909, to promote the products and services produced in America by trade union members—especially those products and services identified by a union label, shop card, store card and/or service button. The department is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL-CIO. The department's offices at located at the AFL-CIO headquarters in Washington, D.C. The department has a large number of state and local councils and committees, and works closely with AFL-CIO state and local labor

neg: Maine AFL–CIO and the Maine AFL-CIO for over 35 years. The current president is Cynthia Phinney. The Maine AFL–CIO is heavily involved in state and federal politics. It is recognized as a potent lobby in the state legislature. It is also influential in federal politics. The federation provided a critical early endorsement to Rep. Michael Michaud (D-Maine) in his 2002 race for election to Congress. On June 22, 2010 it endorsed Libby Mitchell for governor of Maine. The Maine AFL–CIO has seen its membership decline significantly in recent years. The Maine AFL–CIO is dominated by unions in blue-collar industries and state government.

neg: Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO The Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO (TTD) is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL–CIO. It was founded in February 1990 to provide AFL-CIO-affiliated unions whose members work in the transportation industry or who build transportation infrastructure a unified policy-making voice on transportation issues. TTD had 32 member unions as of August 2017. The TTD is divided into five sections, each of which covers a different area of transportation: Railroads, trucking, aviation, mass transit, and maritime transportation. Each section is headed by a president of a union in that transportation sector. By 2014, many maritime unions who

neg: Congress of Industrial Organizations the ILWU joined the CIO. Bridges became the most powerful force within the CIO in California and the west. The Transport Workers Union of America, originally representing the subway workers in New York, also joined, as did the National Maritime Union, made up of sailors based on the east coast, and the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers. The AFL continued to fight the CIO, forcing the NLRB to allow skilled trades employees in large industrial facilities the option to choose, in what came to be called "Globe elections," between representation by the CIO or separate representation by AFL craft

neg: Bayard Rustin executive director of SCLC, but was advised against it by Stanley Levison, a longtime activist friend of Rustin's. He opposed the hire because of what he considered Rustin's growing devotion to the political theorist Max Schachtman. "Schachtmanites" have been described as an ideologically cultish group with ardently anti-communist positions, and attachments to the Democratic Party and the AFL-CIO. At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, which followed Freedom Summer in Mississippi, Rustin became an adviser to the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP); they were trying to gain recognition as the legitimate, non-Jim Crow delegation from their state, where blacks had been

neg: Matthew Woll vice-president of the AFL-CIO after the two organizations merged in 1955. Matthew Woll died in 1956. A lifelong Republican, Woll is considered one of the most conservative of all major American labor leaders. For example, at the AFL-CIO convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1935, Woll bitterly denounced the Wagner Act as a betrayal of the legacy of Samuel Gompers. A staunch anti-communist, Woll eventually became a confidant of AFL president Samuel Gompers and other like-minded labor leaders such as William Green of the United Mine Workers of America. Green in particular relied heavily on Woll for advice and

neg: Pennsylvania AFL–CIO By 2011, the state federation represented 900,000 workers, dropping to just 800,000 in 2012. In 2014, the Pennsylvania AFL–CIO endorsed Democratic gubernatorial candidate Tom Wolf and his running mate for lieutenant governor, Mike Stack. Pennsylvania AFL–CIO The Pennsylvania AFL–CIO is a federation of labor unions in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is an affiliate of the AFL-CIO. It was formed on June 9, 1960, by the merger of two predecessor bodies, the Pennsylvania Federation of Labor (an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor) and the Pennsylvania Industrial Union Council (an affiliate of the Congress

neg: AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union union as are employees of affiliated AFL-CIO International Unions, constitutional departments of the AFL-CIO, and state or local central labor bodies. Eligibility is also extended to members of the Office and Professional Employees International Union - Local 2, the United Food and Commercial Workers - Local 400, the National Football League Players Association and the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades, District Council 51. AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union The AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union is a multiple common bond, federally chartered credit union headquartered in Washington, D.C. The credit union was founded in 1952 for members of the

neg: AFL–CIO number of UNITE HERE members formed their own union (Workers United) while the remainder of UNITE HERE reaffiliated with the AFL-CIO on September 17, 2009. The Laborers' International Union of North America said on August 13, 2010, that it would also leave Change to Win and rejoin the AFL-CIO in October 2010. In August 2013, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO. The ILWU said that members of other AFL-CIO unions were crossing its picket lines, and the AFL-CIO had done nothing to stop it. The ILWU also cited the AFL-CIO's willingness to compromise on key

neg: Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO One of the nine is elected as chair of the board. Between conventions, the board is the governing body of DPE. Day-to-day operations are overseen by the president. Under the AFL-CIO constitution, DPE (as with all trade departments) has certain rights. DPE officers are entitled to attend meetings of the AFL-CIO executive council as well as certain standing and policy committees of the council. DPE also may elect delegates to represent it at the AFL-CIO quadrennial convention, and its delegates may participate in the convention's committees. As a matter of courtesy and AFL-CIO policy, DPE officers are also invited to

neg: Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL–CIO Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL–CIO The Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL–CIO (BCTD) is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL-CIO. It was founded on February 10, 1908, as a way to overcome the jurisdictional conflicts occurring in the building and construction trade unions. It was largely unsuccessful in this task; conflict ended only after the Taft-Hartley Act largely outlawed jurisdictional strikes. The BCTD coordinates the activity of building and construction trade unions belonging to the AFL-CIO by establishing jurisdictional rules, coordinating how work is assigned at construction sites, mediating jurisdictional and work assignment disputes, and coordinating interaction between

neg: Labor Council for Latin American Advancement D.C. In 2006, it had 65 chapters in the United States and Puerto Rico, and claimed to represent 1.7 million Latino trade unionists. LCLAA was founded in 1973 as part of a wave of constituency group organizing within the AFL-CIO. The AFL-CIO had chartered its first retiree organization, the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC), in 1962 and its first civil rights organization, the A. Philip Randolph Institute, in 1965. The Coalition of Black Trade Unionists followed in 1972 to give a broader, more effective voice within the AFL-CIO to black workers, and the Coalition of Labor Union Women was

neg: Terence M. O'Sullivan 50 percent of all dues to international unions for use in new member organizing. O'Sullivan threatened to disaffiliate from the AFL-CIO at its quadrennial convention in late July 2005, but did not do so. Nevertheless, he said his union would leave the federation in time. In February 2006, O'Sullivan took the first step toward disaffiliation by withdrawing his union from the Building and Construction Trades Department (BCTD) of the AFL-CIO. The Laborers and the International Union of Operating Engineers (an AFL-CIO affiliate) quit the BCTD and formed a rival group, the National Construction Alliance. Joining the Alliance were the United

neg: Florida AFL–CIO Florida AFL–CIO Florida AFL–CIO is a statewide federation of labor unions in the state of Florida affiliated with the AFL-CIO. The federation's membership consists of about 450 local unions from 41 international unions (or about 500,000 active and retired workers). The headquarters of the organization are located in Tallahassee, Florida. The Florida AFL–CIO was formed in 1958 with the merger of the Florida State Federation of Labor and the Florida Congress of Industrial Organizations. The federation engages in legislative and political work, labor movement advocacy, research, and member mobilization and education. In 2005, after the disaffiliation of several unions to

neg: AFL–CIO unions represented nearly all unionized workers in the United States. Several large unions split away from AFL-CIO and formed the rival Change to Win Federation in 2005, although a number of those unions have since re-affiliated. The largest unions currently in the AFL-CIO are the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) with approximately 1.7 million members and American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), with approximately 1.4 million members. The AFL-CIO is a federation of international labor unions. As a voluntary federation, the AFL-CIO has little authority over the affairs of its member unions except in extremely limited cases

neg: Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO of the Transportation Trades Department are to influence national transportation policy and to speak as a unified voice for the concerns of organized labor on transportation issues. Included among the more notable issues in which the TTD has played a major role are: Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO The Transportation Trades Department, AFL–CIO (TTD) is a constitutionally mandated department of the AFL–CIO. It was founded in February 1990 to provide AFL-CIO-affiliated unions whose members work in the transportation industry or who build transportation infrastructure a unified policy-making voice on transportation issues. TTD had 32 member unions as of August 2017. The

neg: Labor unions in the United States a division of over 20 years. AFL President George Meany became President of the new AFL-CIO, and AFL Secretary-Treasurer William Schnitzler became AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasurer. The draft constitution was primarily written by AFL Vice President Matthew Woll and CIO General Counsel Arthur Goldberg, while the joint policy statements were written by Woll, CIO Secretary-Treasurer James Carey, CIO vice presidents David McDonald and Joseph Curran, Brotherhood of Railway Clerks President George Harrison, and Illinois AFL-CIO President Reuben Soderstrom. The percentage of workers belonging to a union (or "density") in the United States peaked in 1954 at almost 35% and the total number

neg: Change to Win Federation for a strong and vocal "executive director" position. The two sides agreed that any reunited labor federation should have a stronger voice in national politics as well as have a greater say in helping member unions engage in more new member organizing. The two sides also discussed whether to change the name of the AFL-CIO, or whether to adopt an entirely new organizational structure. Among other issues discussed were: How the AFL-CIO/new organization would encourage new member organizing and at what level (national or local), what a reunited labor movement's political priorities should be, what sort of relationship a reunited

neg: AFL–CIO that the labor movement of thirty years ago did more in that period for civil rights than labor is doing today...Our combined strength is potentially enormous, but we have not used a fraction of it for our own good or the needs of society as a whole." King and the AFL-CIO diverged further in 1967, when King announced his opposition to the Vietnam War, which the AFL-CIO strongly supported. The AFL-CIO endorsed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a whole, during the 1970s the AFL-CIO’s policies towards illegal immigrants mirrored the economic arguments made towards legal immigrants during the

neg: James P. Hoffa wanted to be part of a union that will support me. I'm proud of our vote to join the Teamsters." Frustrated with the AFL-CIO's lack of emphasis on organizing, the Teamsters Union and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) split from the AFL-CIO on July 25, 2005. The group of breakaway unions, which later included the Laborer's, United Farm Workers and United Food and Commercial Workers Union, formed their own group called the Change to Win Federation. "We have been disappointed that over the last 10 years [the period of former AFL-CIO President John Sweeney's tenure] we have seen a

neg: Victor Kamber for labor. After the defeat of the picketing bill, Kamber was tapped by AFL-CIO president George Meany to head a labor law reform task force. Kamber's goal was to prioritize the AFL-CIO's labor law reform goals, strategize a plan for building support for the bill, and winning the legislation's enactment. The effort never got off the ground, as political changes in Congress put the labor federation on the political defensive. Kamber left the AFL-CIO in 1980 and founded his own public relations firm, The Kamber Group. The Kamber Group quickly known as one of Washington's hottest public relations firms. In

neg: George Meany also fought the merger, saying that it amounted to a capitulation to the "racism, racketeering and raiding" of the AFL. Fearing a drawn-out negotiation process, Meany decided on a "short route" to reconciliation. This meant all AFL and CIO unions would be accepted into the new organization "as is," with all conflicts and overlaps to be sorted out after the merger. Meany further relied on a small, select group of advisors to craft the necessary agreements. The draft constitution was primarily written by AFL Vice President Matthew Woll and CIO General Counsel Arthur Goldberg, while the joint policy statements were

neg: AFL–CIO split the CGT in France and helped create the anti-Communist Force Ouvriere. "For the history of the AFL-CIO prior to and including the merger see American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations and Labor unions in the United States." The AFL-CIO has a long relationship with civil rights struggles. One of the major points of contention between the AFL and the CIO, particularly in the era immediately after the CIO split off, was the CIO's willingness to include black workers (excluded by the AFL in its focus on craft unionism.) Later, blacks would also criticize the CIO for

neg: AFL–CIO and pays dues. The chief executive officer of each department may sit in on the meetings of the AFL-CIO executive council. Departments have representation and voting rights at the AFL-CIO convention. One of the most well-known departments was the Industrial Union Department (IUD). It had been constitutionally mandated by the new AFL-CIO constitution created by the merger of the AFL and CIO in 1955, as CIO unions felt that the AFL's commitment to industrial unionism was not strong enough to permit the department to survive without a constitutional mandate. For many years, the IUD was a "de facto" organizing department

neg: Graduate student employee unionization Automobile Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, AFL-CIO" (2000) ("NYU"), the NLRB applied the “compensated services” legal approach, ruling for the first time that graduate students at private universities were considered employees, and hence protected by the NLRA. However, the NLRB later returned to its "primary purpose" approach in 2004 after a new Republican-appointed majority reversed "NYU". In "Brown University and International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, UAW AFL-CIO" (2004) ("Brown University"), the NLRB’s 3-2 majority ruled that graduate students in private universities are not considered employees. In recent years, NYU's graduate student union

neg: Directly Affiliated Local Union Directly Affiliated Local Union A Directly Affiliated Local Union (DALU) is a U.S. labor union that belongs to the AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations) but is not a national union and is not entitled to the same rights and privileges within the Federation as national affiliates. Legally, the AFL-CIO is the parent union of the DALU, and the AFL-CIO is responsible for filing financial disclosure forms with federal and state authorities and providing bargaining support. The AFL-CIO also takes fiduciary responsibility for the local. Most DALUs have fewer than 1000 members and represent workers in

neg: National Labor College From 1993 until 2013, the college was home to the George Meany Memorial Archives, the official and acting archives of the AFL-CIO. The archive is estimated to have a value of $25 million and contain more than 40 million artifacts. The archives include the papers of numerous labor leaders, the official records of all AFL-CIO proceedings since the founding of the AFL in the 1880s, the archives of numerous union and federation publications, and the records of the departments of the AFL-CIO. The archives contain extensive correspondence relating to past AFL-CIO international activities the Cold War which remain classified by

neg: John Sweeney (labor leader) to Win unions boycotting the AFL-CIO convention, Sweeney's re-election and the adoption of his reform plans became a foregone conclusion. On July 29, UFCW disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO, bringing the total number of members lost to 3.6 million of the AFL-CIO's 13 million members. On September 14, 440,000-member union UNITE HERE disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO. The breakaway unions formed a new labor federation, Change to Win, on September 27, 2005. Both Sweeney and Change to Win reached out to one another after the break-up of the AFL-CIO, although the relationship was difficult. Sweeney primarily focused on stabilizing the AFL-CIO and

neg: AFL–CIO member union elects delegates, based on proportional representation. The AFL-CIO's state federations, central and local labor councils, constitutional departments, and constituent groups are also entitled to delegates. The delegates elect officers and vice presidents, debate and approve policy, and set dues. The AFL-CIO has three executive officers: president, secretary-treasurer and executive vice president. Each officer's term is four years, and elections occur at the quadrennial convention. Current officers are Richard Trumka (President), Liz Shuler (Secretary-Treasurer) and Tefere Gebre (Executive Vice-President). The AFL-CIO membership elects 43 vice presidents at each convention, who have a term of four years. The AFL-CIO constitution

neg: Benjamin Franklin Fairless steel union organized along craft lines. Subsequently, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) was formed in Pittsburgh on June 7, 1936. AFL president William Green was outraged. He denounced what he saw as the takeover of the AA on June 5, and declared that the CIO steelworker organizing drive would fail. More importantly, however, Green interpreted the move as proof that the CIO was engaging in dual unionism. After charges were drawn up and a trial conducted, on September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended the 10 unions which belonged to the CIO—including the AA (which was now operating as part

neg: Labor Council for Latin American Advancement Labor Council for Latin American Advancement The Labor Council for Latin American Advancement (LCLAA) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan Latino organization affiliated with the AFL-CIO and the Change to Win federation. It was formed in 1973 to provide Latino trade union members in the United States with a more effective voice within the AFL-CIO, to encourage Latino participation on the democratic process, and to encourage the organization of Latino workers into labor unions. LCLAA is the official "voice" of Latinos within the AFL-CIO, and one of six official "constituency groups". It is based in the headquarters of the AFL-CIO in Washington,

neg: Pennsylvania AFL–CIO Pennsylvania AFL–CIO The Pennsylvania AFL–CIO is a federation of labor unions in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is an affiliate of the AFL-CIO. It was formed on June 9, 1960, by the merger of two predecessor bodies, the Pennsylvania Federation of Labor (an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor) and the Pennsylvania Industrial Union Council (an affiliate of the Congress of Industrial Organizations). It can trace its history through its predecessor bodies to 1890. The first Pennsylvania Federation of Labor was organized in 1890 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. I. W. Bisbing, president of a cigarmakers'

neg: Owen Bieber Council of the AFL-CIO shortly after assuming the UAW presidency, and served as chair of the Committee on Reindustrialization of the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department. However, in 1995 he was one of several AFL-CIO presidents who secretly worked to depose Lane Kirkland as president of the labor federation. The night before the AFL-CIO mid-winter executive council meeting in Bal Harbour, Florida, February 19–20, 1995, Bieber joined 11 other union presidents on the executive council to form a "Committee for Change" committed to removing Kirkland as president of the AFL-CIO. The 11 union leaders had enough votes to unseat Kirkland. During

neg: Labor history of the United States within the AFL to "encourage and promote organization of workers in the mass production industries" for "educational and advisory" functions. The CIO, which later changed its name to the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), formed unions with the hope of bringing them into the AFL, but the AFL refused to extend full membership privileges to CIO unions. In 1938, the AFL expelled the CIO and its million members, and they formed a rival federation. The two federations fought it out for membership; while both supported Roosevelt and the New Deal, the CIO was further to the left, while the AFL

neg: George Meany the creation of the A. Philip Randolph Institute to strengthen labor unions among African Americans and to strengthen ties with the African American community. Randolph said that he was sure that Meany was morally opposed to racism. At the time of the 1967 AFL-CIO convention, Reuther demanded for Meany to make the AFL-CIO more democratic. After years of disagreement with Meany, Reuther resigned from the AFL-CIO executive council in February 1967. In 1968, Reuther led the UAW out of the AFL-CIO, and the UAW did not re-affiliate with the AFL-CIO until 1981, long after Reuther's death in a 1970 plane

neg: AFL–CIO in the AFL-CIO. For example, it provided money to the near-destitute American Federation of Teachers (AFT) as it attempted to organize the United Federation of Teachers in 1961. The organizing money enabled the AFT to win the election and establish its first large collective bargaining affiliate. For many years, the IUD remained rather militant on a number of issues. It proved to be a center of opposition to AFL-CIO president John Sweeney, and was abolished in 1999. There are six AFL-CIO constitutionally mandated departments: Constituency groups are nonprofit organizations chartered and funded by the AFL-CIO as voter registration and mobilization

neg: Richard Trumka be removed from office, AFL-CIO President John Sweeney wrote in a letter sent to AFL-CIO member unions in November 1997 that the AFL-CIO policy regarding assertion of Fifth Amendment rights had "never been applied by the federation". The letter went on to say that "The policy calls for removal only when the union determines that the Fifth Amendment is being invoked to conceal discovery of corruption. The AFL-CIO, as you know, has for some time been conducting its own internal inquiry and has no basis to conclude that there was any unlawful conduct by Secretary-Treasurer Trumka. [...] It is clear

neg: John Sweeney (labor leader) set of proposals for reforming the AFL-CIO that largely reflected its member union's proposals. In mid-June, the AFL-CIO executive council voted to submit Sweeney's reform plan to the AFL-CIO convention in July. Discussion on the outstanding proposals from the February meeting continued, but no consensus was reached. Additional counter-proposals flew back and forth throughout the summer. The Change to Win Coalition union presidents sought and received authority from their governing bodies to disaffiliate from the AFL-CIO. But it became clear that the Change to Win coalition could muster only a third of delegates at the AFL-CIO convention. On July 22,

neg: Alliance for Labor Action his union's liaison. Fitzsimmons and Reuther offered the AFL-CIO a no-raid pact as a first step toward building a working relationship between the competing trade union centers, but the offered was rejected. AFL-CIO President George Meany denounced the ALA as a dual union, although Reuther argued it was not. The ALA later passed a resolution permitting ALA members to raid AFL-CIO unions or organize in jurisdictions claimed by AFL-CIO unions if the AFL-CIO-affiliated union was not doing enough to organize workers into union. Although Reuther had a lengthy list of unions he hoped would join the ALA, few did so.

neg: Linda Chavez-Thompson in 1996, Chavez-Thompson headed up the AFL-CIO's policy-making group on immigration reform. She was instrumental in the federation's push for reform in 1996 and 1997, and helped forge a new majority on the AFL-CIO Executive Council which later adopted a radical change in the federation's immigrant policy in 2000. In 2003, President Sweeney appointed her to an AFL-CIO task force on organizing. She also was active in the AFL-CIO's federal electoral efforts in 2004. Chavez-Thompson has been a lifelong Democrat. In 1988, she was elected a delegate from San Antonio pledged to Dukakis. In 1992 and 1996, she was elected

neg: CIO-PAC links between labor and religious groups. In 1955, when the CIO rejoined the American Federation of Labor to form the AFL-CIO, Jack Kroll became head of the CIO-PAC, which merged with the AFL's "League for Political Education" to form the AFL-CIO Committee on Political Education. PAC activities by AFL-CIO and its members continue into the 21st Century. In 2015, an AFL-CIO’s moratorium on federal PAC contributions by its member unions began to fall apart weeks after its announcement. Defiant unions included: United Food and Commercial Workers, the International Association of Machinists, and the Laborers’ International Union of North America–13% were

neg: Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers two other AFL vice presidents supported the plan, the AFL executive council voted to initiate a joint organizing drive similar to the failed 1919 campaign. By early 1935, what little organizing the AA had exhibited in the steel industry melted away. When the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the NIRA on constitutional ground on May 27, 1935, the AFL's organizing drive collapsed. Other events swiftly overtook the AA. The National Labor Relations Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt on July 5, 1935. Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) formed within the AFL on November 8, 1935. The CIO wanted

neg: John Sweeney (labor leader) candidate" the group wanted. The group also agreed to nominate Trumka as secretary-treasurer of the AFL-CIO. The group also proposed to create a new office, that of executive vice-president, charged with mobilizing state federations and central labor councils and reaching out to minorities and women. The new position was also a way of ensuring that there would be an executive position which could be filled with a woman or a minority, thus gaining additional political support for the dissidents. The Committee for Change recruited Linda Chavez-Thompson, a member of the AFL-CIO executive council, a vice-president of AFSCME and an activist

neg: Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO Cultural Employees (SPACE), affiliated with the AFL-CIO, was formed. In 1974, it was renamed the Council for Professional Employees (CPE). In 1977, the AFL-CIO constitution was amended to transform the council into the Department for Professional Employees. DPE's first president was Albert Shanker, president of the American Federation of Teachers. As a semi-autonomous department of the AFL-CIO, the DPE has its own constitution, elects its own board of directors and officers, holds its own convention, makes policy, and sets dues. In many respects, it acts like a labor federation of its own. DPE is governed by its affiliate unions. Membership

neg: Richard Trumka Carey campaign consultant who owned The November Group (a direct-marketing company), allegedly contacted Trumka in the summer of 1996 and concocted a scheme whereby the Teamsters would donate $150,000 to the AFL-CIO for spurious get-out-the-vote efforts and the AFL-CIO would pay the same amount to Citizen Action (a liberal grassroots lobbying and organizing group). Citizen Action would then pay $100,000 to The November Group, which would use the cash to finance Carey's direct marketing effort. The alleged scheme was revealed on August 22, 1997, by a federal government official overseeing the Teamsters' election. The federal government overturned Carey's successful reelection,

neg: Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance director was Matthew Finucane. APALA is the official voice of the 500,000 Asian and Pacific Islander labor union members in the AFL-CIO, and has 13 chapters in the U.S. APALA has been credited with shifting the AFL-CIO toward more actively organizing Asian Pacific workers. It has a biennial membership convention, which meets in even-numbered years. APALA has two main goals. First, it works with the AFL-CIO Organizing Institute to train Asian and Pacific Islander workers in organizing techniques, and assists member unions of the AFL-CIO in organizing these workers of similar ethnic and racial background. APALA also works to build

neg: Directly Affiliated Local Union a separate identity indefinitely. In fact, the AFL dissolved hundreds of federal unions in late 1934 and early 1935 and assigned the members to various other unions. Although the AFL (and the AFL-CIO) continued to charter DALUs, it did so infrequently and in extremely small numbers. Beginning in the early 1970s, the AFL-CIO adopted an official policy encouraging DALUs to merge with national affiliates. After the election of John Sweeney as president of the AFL-CIO in 1995, the AFL-CIO executive council adopted a policy preventing the charter of new DALUs. The disaffiliation of several major unions in 2005 led the

neg: Directly Affiliated Local Union the AFL-CIO could unravel these agreements. In August 2005, the AFL-CIO executive council approved the creation of 'solidarity charters.' The charters would be offered to locals of the Change to Win Federation (CTW). Final agreement between CTW and the AFL-CIO on a funding mechanism occurred on October 17, 2005. Sweeney directly equated solidarity charters to DALUs. CTW locals with solidarity charters have full voting rights in the AFL-CIO bodies with which they chose to affiliate, and CTW members and officers may run for and hold office in these bodies. A per capita 'solidarity fee' is paid by the CTW local

neg: Gateway Arch "This policy has nothing to do with race. Our experience is that these CIU members have in the past worked for substandard wages." CIU applied to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for an injunction that required the AFL–CIO laborers to return to work. On February 7, Judge John Keating Regan ruled that AFL–CIO workers had participated in a secondary boycott. By February 11, AFL–CIO resumed work on the arch, and an AFL–CIO contractor declared that ten African Americans were apprenticed for arch labor. The standstill in work lasted a month. Considering how large Federal projects often "go haywire", Secretary

neg: Solidarity Day march union was fined millions of dollars, and its $3.5 million strike fund was frozen. Eventually, the government succeeded in decertifying PATCO. The president of the US union federation, the AFL-CIO, denounced Reagan's attack on PATCO. A letter was also sent to AFL-CIO affiliates, discouraging them from taking any type of strike action in solidarity. Following the firing of the PATCO workers, officials from that union visited various other unions in an attempt to garner support for the strike. These efforts were not particularly well received because in the 1980 presidential election, PATCO refused to back President Jimmy Carter, instead endorsing

neg: Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO The Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO (DPE) is a semi-autonomous "trade" department of the AFL-CIO, and serves as an advocate for professional workers within the federation, and before legislative bodies, the press and the public. DPE has a three-fold mission: To promote the organization of professional workers into unions; to advocate for pro-worker legislation that affects professional workers; and to conduct research into professional work. Issues which DPE has been active on in the last several years include immigration, corporate ownership of news and entertainment media, mandatory overtime for health care professionals, freedom of expression

neg: Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO which would allow unions to expand membership in these professions. In 2005, DPE held its first-ever organizing conference, "Organizing Professionals in the 21st Century." Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO The Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO (DPE) is a semi-autonomous "trade" department of the AFL-CIO, and serves as an advocate for professional workers within the federation, and before legislative bodies, the press and the public. DPE has a three-fold mission: To promote the organization of professional workers into unions; to advocate for pro-worker legislation that affects professional workers; and to conduct research into professional work. Issues which DPE has been active

neg: Congress of Industrial Organizations and was open to African Americans. Both the CIO and its rival the AFL grew rapidly during the Great Depression. The rivalry for dominance was bitter and sometimes violent. The CIO (Congress for Industrial Organization) was founded on November 9, 1936, by eight international unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor. In its statement of purpose, the CIO said it had formed to encourage the AFL to organize workers in mass production industries along industrial union lines. The CIO failed to change AFL policy from within. On September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended all 10 CIO unions (two more

neg: Alliance for Retired Americans Kennedy team on August 12, 1960, to establish a 23-member group called "Senior Citizens-for-Kennedy." The goal of the group was ostensibly to help the candidate develop policy proposals on health care for the aged. Rep. Aime J. Forand (D-Rhode Island) was named chair of the group. After Kennedy won the election, the AFL-CIO used the coalition built by Senior Citizens-for-Kennedy to push its agenda at the 1961 White House Conference on Aging. The AFL-CIO coordinated the work of these groups during the conference. It established a communications center, and mobilized witnesses and votes as needed. Whenever health insurance for the

neg: Damon Silvers Damon Silvers Damon Silvers is a lawyer and policy director for the AFL-CIO. Silvers led the AFL-CIO legal team that won severance payments for laid off Enron and WorldCom workers. He is a member of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Standing Advisory Group, the Financial Accounting Standards Board User Advisory Council, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Corporate Governance Task Force On November 14, 2008 Mr. Silvers was appointed by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and the majority leader of the Senate Harry Reid (following consultation with the minority leaders of Congress ) to serve on

neg: Dual unionism unionism occurred. Although rarely stated as such, the ejection by the American Federation of Teachers of several locals in the 1930s for communist domination and factionalism is another example of a struggle over dual unionism. Another example of dual unionism is the suspension by the AFL in August 1936 of the unions which formed the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO). AFL president William Green accused the CIO unions of engaging in dual unionism. The charge was never adequately outlined, and the CIO denied the accusation. The AFL resorted to patently illegal means to eject the unions of the CIO (an

neg: Working America Working America Working America is the political organizing arm of the AFL-CIO. Its membership is made up of non-union individuals. It is the largest non-union workers' group in the United States, with a self-reported membership of 3.2 million individuals. Working America advocates for progressive policy issues. The organization recruits people in working-class neighborhoods on their doorsteps in an effort to persuade them to support labor-backed candidates at election time. The organization started as a two-state pilot project of the AFL-CIO in 2003. The organization was launched nationally that fall. The organization's executive director is Karen Nussbaum. In October 2005, the

neg: Linda Chavez-Thompson became the first woman elected (rather than appointed) an AFL-CIO officer, the first person of color of either sex elected an AFL-CIO officer, and the first Hispanic elected an AFL-CIO officer. During her tenure as executive vice-president, Chavez-Thompson provided leadership in a number of areas. She spent most of 1996 on the road, acting as the public face of the AFL-CIO and the Sweeney administration's primary shock trooper. She helped with the AFL-CIO's electoral efforts in the 1996 federal elections, and helped with the federation's 1996 push to increase the minimum wage (a program called "America Needs a Raise"). Beginning

neg: California School Employees Association California School Employees Association The California School Employees Association, AFL-CIO (CSEA) is the largest classified school employees labor union in the United States. CSEA represents more than 230,000 public employees in California. CSEA was formed in 1927 by a determined group of Oakland custodians who saw the need to gain protections for themselves and other classified employees. Through this initial determination, CSEA proved to be an organization that would stand the test of time. CSEA is affiliated with the AFL-CIO. The state is divided into ten geographic Areas. Each Area is represented by an Area Director elected by members in

neg: Pennsylvania AFL–CIO nominated, but Bohr beat Mullin, 1,074 to 754. McDonough, who was in line to be co-president of the merged AFL-CIO, immediately quit. Joseph F. Burke became president of the Pennsylvania AFL for the next two days. In 1960, the Pennsylvania AFL–CIO had 1 million members. Its first presidents were Joseph F. Burke, an AFL building trades union leader from Philadelphia and Harry Boyer, a CIO steelworkers union leader from Reading, Pennsylvania). The co-presidency lasted just two years, after which Boyer became the sole president. He remained president from 1962 until 1982, and was 78 at the time of his retirement

neg: California School Employees Association to keeping our schools and colleges running smoothly. At CSEA’s Annual Conference in 2001, delegates voted to become an independently chartered union of the AFL-CIO. Under the charter, CSEA retained its own constitution and bylaws, without outside control by the AFL-CIO. Members gained access to new discounts and benefits through the AFL-CIO’s Union Plus program. More significantly, the independent charter gave CSEA members the power and clout that comes from combining CSEA’s strength with that of more than 13 million other AFL-CIO members. Three years after joining the national AFL-CIO, CSEA joined the statewide California Labor Federation (CLF) in 2004.

neg: Directly Affiliated Local Union into the AFL-CIO's Solidarity Fund to defray the administrative costs of maintaining the state and local bodies as well as support their programs. Receipt of a solidarity charter also requires the CTW local to agree not to raid an existing AFL-CIO affiliate or interfere in an AFL-CIO organizing campaign. More than 1,600 CTW locals subsequently received solidarity charters. On February 27, 2006, the AFL-CIO and the National Education Association (NEA) agreed to permit NEA local unions to join AFL-CIO state and local bodies as a 'directly affiliated NEA local' (DANL). The agreement expressly notes that DANLs have the same rights

neg: AFL–CIO has a General Board. Its members are the AFL-CIO executive council, the chief executive officer of each member union, the president of each AFL-CIO constitutional department, and four regional representatives elected by the AFL-CIO's state federations. The General Board's duties are very limited. It only takes up matters referred to it by the executive council, but referrals are rare. However, because of the sensitive nature of political endorsements and the advisability of consensus when making them, the General Board traditionally is the body that provides the AFL-CIO's endorsement of candidates for president and vice president of the United States. Article

neg: California School Employees Association The CLF represents 2.1 million workers in more than 1,300 affiliated unions. California School Employees Association The California School Employees Association, AFL-CIO (CSEA) is the largest classified school employees labor union in the United States. CSEA represents more than 230,000 public employees in California. CSEA was formed in 1927 by a determined group of Oakland custodians who saw the need to gain protections for themselves and other classified employees. Through this initial determination, CSEA proved to be an organization that would stand the test of time. CSEA is affiliated with the AFL-CIO. The state is divided into ten geographic Areas.

neg: Aspirin limit in the United States of 5 mg/m (time-weighted average). In 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set a legal permissible exposure limit for aspirin of 5 mg/m, but this was vacated by the AFL-CIO v. OSHA decision in 1993. The synthesis of aspirin is classified as an esterification reaction. Salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride, an acid derivative, causing a chemical reaction that turns salicylic acid's hydroxyl group into an ester group (R-OH → R-OCOCH). This process yields aspirin and acetic acid, which is considered a byproduct of this reaction. Small amounts of sulfuric acid (and

neg: Coalition of Labor Union Women Chicago, Illinois in 1974 by a group of diverse women labor union leaders as part of a wave of constituency group organizing within the AFL-CIO. The founding members wanted an organization that did not discriminate among race and to also include unionized women workers. The impetus for the formation of CLUW came in June 1973 when women labor union leaders, led by Olga Madar, who later became first president, of the United Auto Workers and Addie Wyatt of the United Food and Commercial Workers met to discuss the formation of a new AFL-CIO body. They sought to create a more

neg: Mike Lux Southeast Nebraska Small Farms Action Group. He then went on to become the Executive Director of the Iowa Citizen Action Network. During the 1988 election cycle he served on the senior staff for the presidential campaigns of Joe Biden, and later, Paul Simon. He then co-founded The Strategy Group with David Wilhelm and was PAC director and chief lobbyist for the Iowa AFL-CIO. In 1992, Lux took a leave of absence from the AFL-CIO when hired to serve as National Constituencies Director on the 1992 Clinton/Gore campaign. After Clinton won the election, Lux served on the 1992 presidential transition team.

neg: Arlene Holt Baker unions. Labor's efforts in Pennsylvania were cited as critical to winning the state for the Democratic column. Holt Baker led the same coalition a second time in 2002, helping Ed Rendell win the gubernatorial election. Holt Baker's political work for the AFL-CIO continued in 2003. She was named president of the Working America Alliance, a 527 group established by a coalition of AFL-CIO member unions. Later that year, she became president of Voices For Working Families (VFWF), another 527 group which eventually became the 14th largest fundraiser among all 527s that year. Holt Baker's work for Voices for Working Families

neg: Alliance for Retired Americans in the future. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), founded in 1958, did not have a substantial membership yet. The Democratic National Committee and AFL-CIO then worked together to transform the Kennedy group into the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC). The new organization was formally announced in July 1961. The United Auto Workers and United Steelworkers pushed their retirees to sign up as members, and both unions as well as the AFL-CIO contributed seed-money to finance the group. Forand, who had retired from office in 1960, became the NCSC's first president and William Hutton, a public relations official

neg: Damon Silvers He attended Bellevue Elementary School and Open High School in Richmond, Virginia. Damon Silvers Damon Silvers is a lawyer and policy director for the AFL-CIO. Silvers led the AFL-CIO legal team that won severance payments for laid off Enron and WorldCom workers. He is a member of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Standing Advisory Group, the Financial Accounting Standards Board User Advisory Council, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Corporate Governance Task Force On November 14, 2008 Mr. Silvers was appointed by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and the majority leader of the Senate Harry Reid

neg: Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO participate in the activities of a wide variety of AFL-CIO councils, committees, policy-making groups, and staff and departmental meetings. DPE is one of six constitutional departments of the AFL-CIO, which means that it may not be abolished without amending the AFL-CIO's constitution. Currently, the chair of the DPE board of directors is J. David Cox, National President of the American Federation of Government Employees. The first vice president is David White, National Executive Director of SAG-AFTRA. The treasurer is Mary Cathryn Ricker, Executive Vice President of the American Federation of Teachers. DPE's president is Paul E. Almeida, a past-president of