query: where did the kiowa five study during their time at the university of oklahoma

pos: Kiowa Five Peters, took an interest in the young Kiowa artists and established an art club. Peters arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane of Chickasha, Oklahoma, to give them painting lessons. Susie Peters encouraged Swedish-American artist Oscar Jacobson, the director of the University of Oklahoma's art department to create a special program for the Kiowa artists. In 1926, Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, and Mopope moved to Norman. They were soon joined by Lois Smoky in 1927 and lived together in a house rented by Lois Smoky's parents. Jacobson provided studio space for the group, but felt that he did not want to interfere

pos: Kiowa Silver Horn's footsteps were the Kiowa Six, or, as they have been known in the past, the Kiowa Five. They are Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Bougetah Smoky, and Monroe Tsatoke Coming from the area around Anadarko, Oklahoma, these artists studied at the University of Oklahoma. Lois Smoky left the group in 1927, but James Auchiah took her place in the group. The Kiowa Six gained international recognition as fine artists by exhibiting their work in the 1928 International Art Congress in Czechoslovakia and then participated in the Venice Biennale in 1932. Besides the Kiowa Five

pos: Kiowa language the ages of 45 and 60. The Kiowa Tribe offers weekly language classes at the Jacobson House, a non-profit Native American center in Norman, Oklahoma. Dane Poolaw and Carol Williams teach the language using Parker McKenzie's method. The University of Tulsa, the University of Oklahoma in Norman, and the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma in Chickasha offer Kiowa language classes. Kiowa hymns are sung at Mount Scott Kiowa United Methodist Church. Alecia Gonzales (Kiowa-Apache, 1926–2011), who taught at USAO, created a Kiowa teaching grammar called "Thaum khoiye tdoen gyah: beginning Kiowa language". A Kiowa language book of trickster

pos: Stephen Mopope Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma, to teach painting classes for young Kiowas in Anadarko. Recognizing the talent of some of the young artists, Peters convinced Swedish-American artist, Oscar Jacobson, director of the University of Oklahoma's School of Art to accept the Kiowa students into a special program at the school, in which they were coached and encouraged by Edith Mahier. The Kiowa Five included six artists: Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky and Monroe Tsatoke. James Auchiah was the last to join the group at OU in 1926. In 1928, the Kiowa Five made their

pos: Spencer Asah art instruction for young Kiowa artists, including Asah. Recognizing the talent of some of the young artists, Peters convinced Swedish-American artist Oscar Jacobson, director of the University of Oklahoma's School of Art, to accept the Kiowa students into a special program at the school, in which they were coached and encouraged by Edith Mahier. The Kiowa Five, now increasingly known as the Kiowa Six, included six artists: Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky, and Monroe Tsatoke. In 1926, Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, Mopope, and Smoky moved to Norman, Oklahoma and began their art studies at OU. Smoky

pos: Kiowa Five Peters, took an interest in the young Kiowa artists and established an art club. Peters arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane of Chickasha, Oklahoma, to give them painting lessons. Susie Peters encouraged Swedish-American artist Oscar Jacobson, the director of the University of Oklahoma's art department to create a special program for the Kiowa artists. In 1926, Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, and Mopope moved to Norman. They were soon joined by Lois Smoky in 1927 and lived together in a house rented by Lois Smoky's parents. Jacobson provided studio space for the group, but felt that he did not want to interfere

pos: Oscar Jacobson he earned a PhD. Jacobson was the director of the School of Art at the University of Oklahoma from 1915 to 1945. It became known as the University of Oklahoma Museum of Art in 1936. With Edith Mahier, he supported Native American artists known as the Kiowa Five. Another Native American artist, William Standing, also attended OU thanks to Jacobson. Jacobson retired as a research professor emeritus of art in 1952. The same year, Jacobson Hall on campus was named in his honor. Jacobson was also a painter. He did over 500 paintings over the course of his career. Most

pos: Edith Mahier 1963. Thereafter, she moved to Natchez, Mississippi, where her sister resided. At the time of her death, she was living in the Williamsburg (Bahin House) which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Mahier died December 2, 1967 in Natchez, Mississippi and was buried at Roselawn Memorial Park and Mausoleum, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Edith Mahier Edith Mahier (1892-1967) was an American artist and art instructor who was instrumental in helping develop the talent of the Kiowa Six during their studies at the University of Oklahoma. In 1941, she won the commission to complete the post office mural

pos: Woody Crumbo Indian Agricultural School, also taking up the study of the Kiowa ceremonial wooden flute. Later he soloed on this instrument in performance with the Wichita Symphony. At the age of 19, Crumbo earned a scholarship to the Wichita American Indian Institute. He graduated three years later as valedictorian. Crumbo continue his studies at Wichita University from 1933 to 1936, where he studied mural technique with Olle Nordmark, watercolor with Clayton Staples, and painting and drawing with Oscar Jacobson. In 1936 Crumbo enrolled at the University of Oklahoma, where he studied for two years with Oscar Jacobson. While studying art, Crumbo

pos: Jack Hokeah art instruction for the young Indians, including Spencer Asah. Recognizing the talent of some of the young artists, Peters convinced Swedish-American artist Oscar Jacobson, director of the University of Oklahoma's School of Art, to accept the Kiowa students into a special program at the school, in which they were coached and encouraged by Edith Mahier. The Kiowa Five included six artists: Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky and Monroe Tsatoke. In 1926 Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, Mopope, and Smoky moved to Norman, Oklahoma and began their art studies at OU. Smoky returned home late in 1927, but

pos: James Auchiah field matron, Susan Peters, in 1920. She noticed the artistic talent of Kiowa children and teens as they drew sketches on feed bags while waiting for their parents receiving rations at the government Kiowa field office. Susan Peters arranged for four young Kiowa, later adding a fifth student, James Auchiah, in helping them enter art classes at the University of Oklahoma. Peters arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma to provide further art instruction for the young Indians, including Auchiah. Recognizing the talent of some of the young artists, Peters convinced Swedish-American artist, Oscar Jacobson, director

pos: Susie Peters Susie Peters Susie Peters (Kiowa Name: Kom-tah-gya) was an American preservationist and matron at the Anadarko Agency, who worked to promote Kiowa artists. Born to white parents in Tennessee, she moved to Indian Territory with her family prior to Oklahoma statehood. While working as a matron for the Indian Agency, she discovered the talent of the young artists who would become known as the Kiowa Five and introduced them to Oscar Jacobson, director of the University of Oklahoma's art department. She was honored by the National Hall of Fame for Famous American Indians and both adopted by the tribe and

pos: Hanay Geiogamah Hanay Geiogamah Hanay Geiogamah (born 1945) is a playwright, television and movie producer, artistic director, and Professor in the School of Theater, Film and Television at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was born in Oklahoma and is a Kiowa and Delaware Native American. He is considered the first widely known Native American playwright and one of the few Native American producers in Hollywood. Geiogamah was born in Lawton, Oklahoma to a Kiowa father and a Delaware mother. He graduated from Anadarko High School and studied journalism at the University of Oklahoma. He later attended Indiana University Bloomington. After

pos: Alice Marriott (historian) Alice Marriott (historian) Alice Lee Marriott, née "Goulding" (b. 8 January 1910), was an American historian of the American Southwest and Native Americans. She is a member of the Oklahoma Hall of Fame. Marriott was born in Wilmette, Illinois, on 8 January 1910. She was awarded a B.A. degree in English and French by Oklahoma City University in 1930 and a B.A. in anthropology by the University of Oklahoma five years later. Marriott was the first woman to earn an anthropology degree from the University of Oklahoma. She spent the summers of 1935 and 1936 conducting fieldwork among the Kiowa.

pos: Robert Harlan Henry the Oklahoma Human Rights Commission, the A.C. Hamlin Award by the National Black Caucus of State Legislators, and the Humanitarian of the Year Award by the National Conference of Christians and Jews. In 2016, Kiowa Elder Bud Sahmaunt presented Henry with an honorary membership in the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma. He delivered the University of Oklahoma commencement address on May 12, 2017. Robert Harlan Henry Robert Harlan Henry (born April 3, 1953) is a former United States Circuit Judge and politician from Oklahoma who is the 17th and current President of Oklahoma City University. He is a member of the

pos: Edith Mahier Edith Mahier Edith Mahier (1892-1967) was an American artist and art instructor who was instrumental in helping develop the talent of the Kiowa Six during their studies at the University of Oklahoma. In 1941, she won the commission to complete the post office mural for the U.S. Treasury Department's Section of Fine Arts at the Watonga, Oklahoma facility. In her later career at OU she created a division of the arts department dedicated to fashion and even designed motifs for a clothing line developed by Neiman Marcus. Edith Albina Mahier was born on December 14, 1892 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

pos: Jack Ging Domenici while he attended a Catholic school. Later, he attended St. Michael's boarding school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He left there when his mother became ill, resulting in their return to Oklahoma, where she lived with his grandmother while he lived with an aunt and uncle. Before turning to acting, Ging served in the United States Marine Corps for four years and was honorably discharged. During the 1950s, he played college football at the University of Oklahoma, Norman. He scored five touchdowns during his time at Oklahoma and played in the 1954 Orange Bowl game. He had the starring

pos: Muna Lee (writer) to Hugo, Oklahoma, where her father set up his store. It was in the heart of "Indian country", at a time when many whites were moving to Oklahoma. Lee returned to Mississippi at age 14 to attend Blue Mountain College (then scaled like a prep school). After a year and summer study at the University of Oklahoma, she went on to the University of Mississippi, where she graduated in 1903 at the age of eighteen. Lee published her first poem soon after. After college, she started working as a teacher in Oklahoma, then in Texas. By fall of 1916, she

pos: 2016 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team 2016 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team The 2016 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team represents the University of Oklahoma during the 2016 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Sooners play their home games at L. Dale Mitchell Baseball Park as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They are led by head coach Pete Hughes, in his third season at Oklahoma. The 2015 Oklahoma Sooners baseball team notched a 34–27 (13–11) record and finished fourth in the Big 12 Conference standings. The Sooners reached the 2015 Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament semifinal, where they were eliminated by Oklahoma State. Oklahoma did not receive

pos: W. Richard West Sr. it was still a high school. West graduated from high school in 1935. One of his earliest artistic mentors was the Arapaho painter, Carl Sweezy. From 1936 to 1938, West attended Bacone College in Muskogee, Oklahoma, where he earned an AA degree. At Bacone, West studied under the celebrated Muscogee-Pawnee-Wichita artist, Acee Blue Eagle. As a young man, West played football and worked in oil fields. At the University of Oklahoma (OU), West earned a BFA degree in 1941 and an MFA degree in 1950. While at OU, he studied under the Swedish artist Oscar Jacobson, who mentored the Kiowa

neg: Richard Aitson Research Center in Little Rock, Arkansas. Richard Aitson Richard Aitson (born December 26, 1953) is a Kiowa-Kiowa Apache bead artist, curator, and poet from Oklahoma. Richard Aitson was born on December 26, 1953 in Anadarko, Oklahoma. His mother was the Kiowa traditionalist Alecia Keahbone Gonzales (1926–2011), who taught the Kiowa language at the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma. Aitson's Kiowa name means "Buffalo Rider." His family has had many artistic accomplishments and he comes five generations of respected beadworkers. Aitson attended the Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire; Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio; and the Institute of

neg: Richard Aitson Richard Aitson Richard Aitson (born December 26, 1953) is a Kiowa-Kiowa Apache bead artist, curator, and poet from Oklahoma. Richard Aitson was born on December 26, 1953 in Anadarko, Oklahoma. His mother was the Kiowa traditionalist Alecia Keahbone Gonzales (1926–2011), who taught the Kiowa language at the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma. Aitson's Kiowa name means "Buffalo Rider." His family has had many artistic accomplishments and he comes five generations of respected beadworkers. Aitson attended the Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire; Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio; and the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe,

neg: Kiowa Five dance regalia. Kiowa Five The Kiowa Six, previously known as the Kiowa Five, is a group of six Kiowa artists from Oklahoma in the early 20th century. They were Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky, and Monroe Tsatoke. Stephen Mopope (1898–1974), the oldest in the group, was born on the Kiowa Reservation in Oklahoma Territory. His relatives, including his great-uncles Silver Horn and Fort Marion ledger artist Ohettoint, recognized his artistic talent at an early age and taught him traditional Kiowa painting techniques. Jack Hokeah (ca. 1900/2-1969) was orphaned at a young age and raised by

neg: Kiowa Five Kiowa Five The Kiowa Six, previously known as the Kiowa Five, is a group of six Kiowa artists from Oklahoma in the early 20th century. They were Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky, and Monroe Tsatoke. Stephen Mopope (1898–1974), the oldest in the group, was born on the Kiowa Reservation in Oklahoma Territory. His relatives, including his great-uncles Silver Horn and Fort Marion ledger artist Ohettoint, recognized his artistic talent at an early age and taught him traditional Kiowa painting techniques. Jack Hokeah (ca. 1900/2-1969) was orphaned at a young age and raised by his grandmother.

neg: Kiowa Kiowa Tribe issues its own vehicle tags. , the tribe owns one smoke shop, two casinos, the Kiowa Red River Casino, Morningstar Steakhouse and Grill, Morningstar Buffet, The Winner's Circle restaurant in Devol, Oklahoma, and Kiowa Bingo near Carnegie, Oklahoma. The Kiowa were patrilineal with a chiefdom living in semi-sedentary structures. They were hunters and gatherers, meaning they did not live in one area long enough to grow plants or crops, but did trade with sedentary tribes that grew crops. The Kiowas migrated with the American bison because it was their main food source along with an abundant supply of

neg: Kiowa Five was the youngest of the group and the only woman. Five of the artists attended the St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko, serving Kiowa, Comanche and Apache children. Operating from 1872 to 1996, the school, also known as the Anadarko Boarding School, was the longest surviving of the seven schools for Native American children in Oklahoma operated by St. Patrick's Mission. There, the five Kiowa artists received formal art instruction from a Choctaw nun, Sister Mary Olivia Taylor (1872–1931). Monroe Tsatoke did not attend St. Patrick's and did not receive formal art training until the Anadarko Agency field matron, Susan

neg: Parker McKenzie Parker McKenzie Parker Paul McKenzie (November 15, 1897, near Rainy Mountain – March 5, 1999, Mountain View) was an American linguist and, at the time of his death, the oldest living Kiowa Native American. McKenzie was born in a tipi, and baptised in the Washita River. He was educated at the Rainy Mountain Kiowa Boarding School, where it was mandatory to speak the English Language; those who used the Kiowa language were threatened with physical punishment. Afterwards, he attended the Phoenix Indian School, Union High School, Lamson College, and Oklahoma State University. McKenzie attended the Phoenix Indian School with Nettie

neg: James Auchiah art collections: Auchiah died in Carnegie, Oklahoma on 28 December 1974, although it is sometimes listed as being in 1975. James Auchiah James Auchiah (1906–1974) was a Kiowa painter and one of the Kiowa Five from Oklahoma. James Auchiah was born on 17 November 1906 in Oklahoma Territory, near present-day Meers and Medicine Park, Oklahoma. His Kiowa name was Tsekoyate, meaning "Big Bow". His father was Mark Auchiah, and his grandfathers were Chief Satanta and Red Tipi, a medicine man, bundle keeper and ledger artist, respectively. Auchiah was a student in government schools, where he was not supported in learning

neg: Spencer Asah Spencer Asah Spencer Asah (c. 1905/1910–1954) was a Kiowa painter and a member of the Kiowa Five from Oklahoma. Spencer Asah was born around 1905 in Carnegie, Oklahoma. His Kiowa name was Lallo (Little Boy). His father was a buffalo medicine man. Asah's father provided him with extensive cultural information that he later used in his art. Asah attended St. Patrick's Indian Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, where he received his first art instruction from Sister Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun. Government field matron Susie Peters arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma, to provide further

neg: Susie Peters inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame in their inaugural year, 1982 and was one of the subjects of a play, "Jacobson and the Kiowa Five", written by Russ Tall Chief as part of the Native American New Play Festival for the Oklahoma City Theater Company. Susie Peters Susie Peters (Kiowa Name: Kom-tah-gya) was an American preservationist and matron at the Anadarko Agency, who worked to promote Kiowa artists. Born to white parents in Tennessee, she moved to Indian Territory with her family prior to Oklahoma statehood. While working as a matron for the Indian Agency, she discovered the

neg: Lois Smoky Lois Smoky Lois Smoky Kaulaity (1907–1981) was a Kiowa painter, one of the Kiowa Five, from Oklahoma. Lois Smoky was born in 1907 near Anadarko, Oklahoma. Bougetah was her Kiowa name, meaning "Of the Dawn." Her father, Enoch Smoky, was the great-nephew of Kiowa Chief Appiatan. Smoky first studied art at St. Patrick's Indian Mission School, under the guidance of Sister Mary Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun, and received encouragement from Father Aloysius Hitta and Sister Deo Gratias at the school. Susan Peters, the Kiowa agency field matron, arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma to

neg: Jack Hokeah Jack Hokeah Jack Hokeah (December 4, 1901 - December 14, 1969) was a Kiowa painter, one of the Kiowa Five, from Oklahoma. Jack Hokeah was born in 1901 in western Oklahoma. He was orphaned at a very young age and raised by his grandmother. His grandfather was the Kiowa warrior White Horse. Hokeah attend St. Patrick's Indian Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, and there he received his first art instruction from Sister Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun. Susan Peters, the field matron for the Kiowa agency, arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma, to provide further

neg: James Auchiah James Auchiah James Auchiah (1906–1974) was a Kiowa painter and one of the Kiowa Five from Oklahoma. James Auchiah was born on 17 November 1906 in Oklahoma Territory, near present-day Meers and Medicine Park, Oklahoma. His Kiowa name was Tsekoyate, meaning "Big Bow". His father was Mark Auchiah, and his grandfathers were Chief Satanta and Red Tipi, a medicine man, bundle keeper and ledger artist, respectively. Auchiah was a student in government schools, where he was not supported in learning about his Kiowas culture. In 1890 the tribe was forcibly not allowed by the white soldiers to perform the Sun

neg: Kiowa and remains in force. In 1998, a significant legal development occurred with a landmark decision. In "Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v Manufacturing Technologies", the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Indian tribes retain their sovereign immunity from suit without their consent even in off-reservation transactions where they do not waive that immunity. , over 4,000 of 12,500 Kiowa lived near the towns of Anadarko, Fort Cobb, and Carnegie, in Caddo and Kiowa counties, Oklahoma. Kiowas also reside in urban and suburban communities throughout the United States. World War II rekindled the Kiowa warrior spirit and urbanization and modernization occurred in the

neg: Margaret Morse Nice Worcester, Massachusetts in 1915. At Clark University she was only one of two women graduate students. During this time she produced the first comprehensive study on the diet of the northern bobwhite ("Colinus virginianus"). At Clark University, Margaret met Leonard Blaine Nice and they married in 1908. The family moved to Norman, Oklahoma where Leonard had accepted a faculty position at the university. They had five children, Constance, born 1911, Marjorie, 1912, Barbara, 1916, Eleanor, 1918, and Janet, born 1922. Eleanor died of pneumonia at age nine in Columbus, Ohio. From 1913 to 1927 she studied the birds of Oklahoma

neg: Monroe Tsatoke Monroe Tsatoke Monroe Tsatoke (1904–1937) was a Kiowa painter and a member of the Kiowa Five from Oklahoma. Monroe Tsatoke was born on 29 September 1904 in Oklahoma Territory, near present-day Saddle Mountain, Oklahoma. Tsatokee, which means "Hunting Horse", was his Kiowa name. His father was also named Tsatokee, and was a Kiowa scout. His grandmother was a European-American captive. Tsatoke never received art instruction until Susan Peters, the Kiowa agency field matron, arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma, to teach painting classes for young Kiowas in Anadarko. Recognizing the talent of some of the

neg: Kiowa (Kiowa)″) is a Tanoan language spoken by the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma in primarily Caddo, Kiowa, and Comanche counties. Additionally, Kiowa were one of the numerous nations across the US, Canada and Mexico that spoke Plains Sign Talk. Originally a trade language, it became a language within its own right that remained in use across North America. The Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma is headquartered in Carnegie, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area includes Caddo, Comanche, Cotton, Grady, Kiowa, Tillman, and Washita Counties. Enrollment in the tribe requires a minimum blood quantum of ¼ Kiowa descent. , their business committee is: The

neg: Plains Apache their allies using the sophisticated Plains Indian Sign Language, at which the Kiowa were past masters (having probably devised much of the system). Even before contact with Europeans, their numbers were never large, and in 1780 their population was estimated at 400. The Kiowa Apache and Kiowa had migrated into the southern plains sometime in the early 19th century. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache settled in Western Oklahoma and Kansas. They were forced to move south of the Washita River to the Red River and Western Oklahoma with the Comanche and the

neg: Plains Apache meaning "Cedar People" or Bá-ca-yé meaning "Whetstone People". To their close allies, the much larger Kiowa tribe, who speak a completely unrelated language, they were known as Semat meaning "Stealers." At major tribal events, the Kiowa Apache formed part of the Kiowa tribal 'hoop' (ring of tipis). This may explain why the Kiowa named the Kiowa-Apache Taugui meaning "Sitting Outside." Today the tribe is headquartered in Anadarko, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area covers parts of Caddo, Comanche, Cotton, Grady, Jefferson, Kiowa, and Stephens Counties in Oklahoma. Their current tribal chairperson is Bobby Komardley. Tribal members must have a minimum blood

neg: Gotebo, Oklahoma Gotebo, Oklahoma Gotebo is a town in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 226 at the 2010 census, a loss of 16.9 percent from 272 at the 2000 census. The town is named after the notable Kiowa Indian named Gotebo (1847 - 1927) (in Kiowa, ). The town now known as Gotebo was originally named Harrison (honoring President Benjamin Harrison) when it was founded in August 1901, during the opening of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation. A railroad station had been built nearby a few months before, which officials of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway

neg: Gotebo, Oklahoma who are employed generally commute to jobs in Hobart or Mountain View. Gotebo, Oklahoma Gotebo is a town in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 226 at the 2010 census, a loss of 16.9 percent from 272 at the 2000 census. The town is named after the notable Kiowa Indian named Gotebo (1847 - 1927) (in Kiowa, ). The town now known as Gotebo was originally named Harrison (honoring President Benjamin Harrison) when it was founded in August 1901, during the opening of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation. A railroad station had been built nearby a few

neg: Robert Redbird after his parents rejected him due to his suffering from epilepsy. His grandmother was of Hispanic descent and his grandfather of Kiowa descent. He was raised at his grandparents' farm in Gotebo, OK in Kiowa County. Redbird's grandfather, Monroe Tsatoke, was a member of the five famous Kiowa Indian Artists at the time. At eight years old, Redbird was inspired by his grandfather and started practicing his own skills. When Redbird was sixteen, he sold his first piece of artwork to a doctor in Carnegie, Oklahoma and gave the proceeds to his grandmother for groceries. Redbird was sent to Fort

neg: Lois Smoky But after she got married, she said, 'It's just impossible now with the children.'" Smoky's work can be found in the following public art collections: She died 1 February 1981. Lois Smoky Lois Smoky Kaulaity (1907–1981) was a Kiowa painter, one of the Kiowa Five, from Oklahoma. Lois Smoky was born in 1907 near Anadarko, Oklahoma. Bougetah was her Kiowa name, meaning "Of the Dawn." Her father, Enoch Smoky, was the great-nephew of Kiowa Chief Appiatan. Smoky first studied art at St. Patrick's Indian Mission School, under the guidance of Sister Mary Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun, and received encouragement

neg: Stephen Mopope ceremonial implements with religious imagery. Besides being a visual artist, he was a highly accomplished dancer and flute-player. Today Mopope's granddaughter Vanessa Jennings is an award-winning Kiowa beadworker and traditional artist. Mopope's work can be found in the following public art collections: On 2 February 1974, Mopope died at Fort Cobb, Oklahoma. Stephen Mopope Stephen Mopope (1898–1974) was a Kiowa painter, dancer, and flute player of Spanish descent, from Oklahoma. He was the most prolific member of the Kiowa Five. Stephen Mopope was born on 27 August 1898 near the Redstone Baptist Mission on the Kiowa Reservation in Indian Territory.

neg: Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas her paintings and design widely and illustrated books by Native authors. She strove to be tribally specific in her work and was revolutionary for portraying Indians in contemporary clothing of the early 20th century. She taught art to young Native students at Carlisle Indian Industrial School and was an outspoken advocate of art as a means for Native Americans to maintain cultural pride, while finding a place in mainstream society. The Kiowa Five or Kiowa Six, a group of Kiowa painters from Oklahoma, met with international success when their mentor, Oscar Jacobson, showed their paintings in First International Art Exposition

neg: American Indian Exposition years old and whose mother is Kiowa and whose father is Comanche.She plans to enroll in Oklahoma University, when she graduates from Elgin High School. American Indian Exposition The American Indian Exposition, held annually during the first full week in August at the Caddo County Fairgrounds in Anadarko, Oklahoma, is one of the oldest and largest intertribal gatherings in the United States. Sponsored by fifteen tribes (Apache, Arapaho, Caddo, Cheyenne, Comanche, Delaware, Fort Sill Apache, Iowa, Kiowa, Osage, Otoe-Missouri, Pawnee, Ponca, Sac & Fox, and Wichita), representatives from up to fifty other tribes participate in any given year. The Exposition

neg: C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma based upon sovereign immunity and the tribe appealed. The Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals affirmed and the Oklahoma Supreme Court declined to review the case. It was next appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. During the time the case was pending, the U.S. Supreme Court decided "Kiowa Tribe of Okla. v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc." In view of that decision, the decision of the Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals was vacated and the case remanded. On remand, the Court of Civil Appeals held that the Potawatomi did have sovereign immunity and C & L appealed. Several other courts had held that

neg: Vanessa Jennings Vanessa Jennings Vanessa Paukeigope (Santos) (Morgan) Jennings (born October 5, 1952) is a Kiowa-Kiowa Apache-Gila River Pima regalia maker, clothing designer, cradleboard maker, and bead artist from Oklahoma. Jennings was born in the Gila River Indian Community near Tempe, Arizona but was raised in Oklahoma. Her parents were Clifford Santos of the Gila River Pima tribe and LaQuinta Mopope, a Kiowa who worked as a nurse with the Indian Health Service in Arizona. Jennings is the oldest granddaughter of Kiowa Five artist Stephen Mopope and Jeanette Berry Mopope, from whom Jennings "inherited the Kiowa songs, crafts, manners and language" that

neg: Horace Poolaw Horace Poolaw Horace Poolaw (1906–1984) was a Kiowa photographer from Mountain View, Oklahoma. Born in Oklahoma in 1906, Horace Poolaw apprenticed himself to a local photographer at age 17, later becoming the most prolific Indian photographer of his generation. During the five decades in which he photographed the Plains Indians, tribal cultures underwent profound changes, including the arrival of white settlers to the Plains, the division of tribal lands into farm allotments and the disappearance of some traditional religious practices. Horace Poolaw was a photographer in a time of huge transition for Native American People. He was able to document

neg: Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad The Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad (DE&G) was built as a short line railroad operating in Kansas, and Oklahoma. Incorporated in Oklahoma as the Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad Company, March 31, 1902, by the five Frantz Brothers. In June 1902, construction started with grading at Enid, Oklahoma. Track laying began at Enid, reaching Guthrie, Oklahoma, on July 3, 1904. The first passenger train was an excursion train run from Enid to Guthrie on July 4, 1904. 1905 marked completion of the line northward from Enid to Kiowa, Kansas. The line from Guthrie to Kiowa

neg: Lone Wolf, Oklahoma Lone Wolf, Oklahoma Lone Wolf is a town in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 438 at the 2010 census, a decline of 12.4 percent from 500 at the 2000 census. The town was named for Chief Lone Wolf (1843–1923), a warrior chief of the Kiowa who fought to preserve his people's autonomy and way of life. The town of Lone Wolf was founded in August 1901, on the opening of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation to settlement. It was located along the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. The population was 307 at the time of statehood in 1907.

neg: Parker McKenzie Odlety (c. 1896 – 1978), whom he married on August 23, 1919. At school the couple wrote each other letters in Kiowa. They also were some of the earliest Kiowa photographers, taking photographs in Arizona in 1916. When in 1918 the Smithsonian Institution sent the anthropologist John Peabody Harrington to Oklahoma to study the language of the Kiowa, McKenzie was his translator. This began a decades-long scientific examination and recording of the Kiowa language, which until then had been purely an oral language. They jointly developed a valid phonetic alphabet, which also resulted in the publication of "Vocabulary of the

neg: Kiowa County, Oklahoma Kiowa County, Oklahoma Kiowa County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,446. Its county seat is Hobart. The county was created in 1901 as part of Oklahoma Territory. It was named for the Kiowa people. In 1892, the Jerome Commission began enrolling the Kiowas, Comanches and Apaches to prepare for the opening of their reservation to settlement by whites. Dennis Flynn, the territorial representative to the U. S. Congress, proposed holding a lottery for opening the reservation. He argued successfully that the lottery would

neg: Kiowa County, Oklahoma Cooperton Gotebo Lone Wolf Mountain Park Mountain View Roosevelt Babbs Lugert Saddle Mountain Kiowa County, Oklahoma Kiowa County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,446. Its county seat is Hobart. The county was created in 1901 as part of Oklahoma Territory. It was named for the Kiowa people. In 1892, the Jerome Commission began enrolling the Kiowas, Comanches and Apaches to prepare for the opening of their reservation to settlement by whites. Dennis Flynn, the territorial representative to the U. S. Congress, proposed holding

neg: Naiche Indian Reservation in Arizona. They surrendered in 1883 but escaped the reservation in 1885, back into Mexico. Officially the leader of the last band of renegade Apaches in the Southwest, Naiche and Geronimo surrendered to General Nelson Miles in 1886. Naiche and other Apaches requested to return to Arizona, while still imprisoned in Fort Marion. The US did not allow their return, but Kiowa and Comanche tribes offered to share their reservations in southwestern Oklahoma with the Chiricahua, so Naiche and 295 members of his band moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where they became the Fort Sill Apache Tribe. In

neg: Kiowa war's aftermath. Each year Kiowa veterans commemorate the warlike spirit of the 19th century leaders with dances performed by the Kiowa Gourd Clan and Kiowa Black Leggings Warrior Society. Kiowa cultural identity and pride is apparent in their expressive culture and strong influence on the Gourd Dance and southern plains art. Longhorn Mountain near Carnegie, Oklahoma, a sacred site and source of cedar for the Kiowa, was leased to rock-crushing company Stewart Stone, Inc., of Cushing, Oklahoma, which announced intentions to begin to mine gravel in 2013. Documentation of the history and development of contemporary Kiowa art formulates one of

neg: Jack Hokeah in the Gallup Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial Dances. There he befriended celebrated San Ildefonso Pueblo potter Maria Martinez, who ultimately adopted him as son. He stayed with her family many times in the ensuing decade. Hokeah's work can be found in the following public art collections: Hokeah died in Fort Cobb, Oklahoma on 14 December 1969. Jack Hokeah Jack Hokeah (December 4, 1901 - December 14, 1969) was a Kiowa painter, one of the Kiowa Five, from Oklahoma. Jack Hokeah was born in 1901 in western Oklahoma. He was orphaned at a very young age and raised by his grandmother. His

neg: Margaret Morse Nice which were published as the "Birds of Oklahoma" in 1931. During the time in Oklahoma, she also became very interested in child psychology on which she published 18 articles. She studied her own children, their vocabulary, sentence length and speech development. In 1927 she moved to Columbus, Ohio, where Blaine had accepted a professorship at The Ohio State University. Here she carried out the study of sparrows that established her as one of the leading ornithologists in the world, recording the behavior of individual birds over a long period of time. She studied two banded pairs of birds initially and

neg: Roosevelt, Oklahoma Roosevelt, Oklahoma Roosevelt is a town in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 248 at the 2010 census, a decline of 11.4 percent from 283 at the 2000 census. The town was named for President Theodore Roosevelt. According to the "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture," the present town of Roosevelt was originally planned by Parkersburg Development Company before the opening of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Reservation in 1901. At that time, the town was known as Parkersburg. However, another town by the same name already existed. Thus, the name was changed to Roosevelt by a townsite

neg: History of Oklahoma to include the horse. However, linguistically, they are quite different. The Apache are a Southern Athabaskan group that traditionally live on the Southern Plains of North America. The Kiowa are part of a Tanoan group located in the Pueblos of New Mexico. The Kiowa language is part of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family. Tanoan languages are those that were spoken in the Jemez, Piro, Tiwa, and Tewa pueblos of New Mexico. Linguists who study the history of languages, however, believe that Kiowa split from Tanoan branch over 3,000 years ago and moved to the far north. The Kiowa and Apache adopted

neg: Kiowa, Kansas Kiowa, Kansas Kiowa is a city in Barber County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,026. Kiowa was founded in 1872. It was named for the Kiowa people. On June 7, 1900, anti-saloon advocate Carrie Nation vandalized her first saloon in Kiowa. In 1905, the Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad was built from Enid, Oklahoma to Kiowa. In 1907, it was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. In 1996, the line from Kiowa to Blanton, Oklahoma was abandoned. Kiowa is located at (37.017520, -98.484721). According to the United States Census Bureau,

neg: Rocky, Oklahoma eighteen and 24.3% of those sixty five or over. Rocky, Oklahoma Rocky is a town in Washita County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 162 at the 2010 United States Census, a 6.9 percent decline from 174 at the 2000 census. The town lies along U.S. Route 183. Two men, W. F. Shultz and John C. Riffee, arrived at this location in 1897 to open a trading establishment with the local natives. They erected a building constructed of rock they gathered at the Kiowa Reservation, about southwest of their site. They opened for business in 1898 as the Rocky Mercantile

neg: Kiowa, Oklahoma Kiowa, Oklahoma Kiowa is a town in Pittsburg County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 693 at the 2000 census. Kiowa is located at (34.722460, -95.903349). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 693 people, 293 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density was 538.3 people per square mile (207.4/km²). There were 335 housing units at an average density of 260.2 per square mile (100.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 75.1% White, 14.2% Native American, and

neg: Indian Territory Caddoan languages, as did the Kichai people, who were also indigenous to what is now Oklahoma and ultimately became part of the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. The Wichita (and other tribes) signed a treaty of friendship with the US in 1835. The tribe's headquarters are in Anadarko, Oklahoma. In the 18th century, prior to Indian Removal (the forced relocation by the US federal government) Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche people entered into Indian Territory from the west, and the Quapaw and Osage entered from the east. During Indian Removal of the 19th century, additional tribes received their land either by treaty

neg: Kiowa the most unusual records in Native American culture. As early as 1891, Kiowa artists were being commissioned to produce works for display at international expositions. The "Kiowa Six" were some of the earliest Native Americans to receive international recognition for their work in the fine art world. They influenced generations of Indian artists among the Kiowa, and other Plains tribes. Traditional craft skills are not lost among the Kiowa people today and the talented fine arts and crafts produced by Kiowa Indians helped the Oklahoma Indian Arts and Crafts Cooperative flourish over its 20-year existence. Early Kiowa ledger artists were

neg: Kiowa, Oklahoma 16.6% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over. Kiowa, Oklahoma Kiowa is a town in Pittsburg County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 693 at the 2000 census. Kiowa is located at (34.722460, -95.903349). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 693 people, 293 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density was 538.3 people per square mile (207.4/km²).

neg: Killing of Alights on the Cloud the Kiowa Apache and the Comanche at Wolf Creek in Oklahoma in 1838. Alights on the Cloud bore it covered by a scarlet blanket during an open fight with some well-armed Delaware Indians in 1844 and turned the battle into victory. The Pawnee were in camp somewhere in what is now western Kansas on their summer bison hunt. A combined force of Cheyennes and invited Kiowa and Kiowa Apaches attacked a large contingent of Pawnee hunters to achieve war honors and capture horses. Some Arapaho and LakotaLakota friends of the Cheyenne may have joined. Alights on the Cloud rode in

neg: Kiowa Kiowa Kiowa () people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Today, they are federally recognized as Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma with headquarters in Carnegie, Oklahoma. , there were 12,000 members. The Kiowa language (Cáuijògà), part of the Tanoan language family, is still spoken today. Kiowa call themselves Ka'igwu, Cáuigù or Gaigwu, most

neg: Kiowa documented the Kiowa people living near his community in Mountain View, Oklahoma, beginning the 1920s. His legacy is continued today by his grandson, Thomas Poolaw, a prominent Kiowa photographer and digital artist. Kiowa Kiowa () people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Today, they are federally recognized as Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma

neg: Monroe Tsatoke Native American Church. He painted about his religious experiences and is credited with creating stylized representations of symbols associated with the Church, such as the water, birds, and feathers. Tsatoke's work can be found in the following public art collections: In 1934, the Oklahoma Historical Society commissioned Tsatoke to paint several murals. Although ill with tuberculosis, he worked on the murals until his death. Tsatoke died on 3 February 1937 from tuberculosis at the age of 32 years. Monroe Tsatoke Monroe Tsatoke (1904–1937) was a Kiowa painter and a member of the Kiowa Five from Oklahoma. Monroe Tsatoke was born

neg: Kiowa River and new warfare broke out. In the south of the Kiowa and Comanche were Caddoan speakers, but the Kiowa and Comanche were friendly toward these bands. The Comanche were at war with the Apache of the Rio Grande region. They warred with the Cheyenne and Arapaho, Pawnee, Sac & Fox and Osages. In summer 1833, the Osage attacked an exposed Kiowa camp near Head Mountain, Oklahoma. The Kiowa lost many aged people, children and women. The heads were cut off and placed in kettles. During this "Cut-Throat Massacre", the Osage captured the sacred Tai-may doll (the Sun Dance figure

neg: Joshua B. Lee Joshua B. Lee Joshua Bryan Lee (January 23, 1892August 10, 1967) was a United States Representative and Senator from Oklahoma. Lee was born in Childersburg, Alabama on January 23, 1892. He moved to Pauls Valley, Oklahoma (then Indian Territory), and Kiowa County, Oklahoma (near Hobart, Oklahoma) in 1901. He attended the public schools of Hobart and Rocky, Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Baptist University at Shawnee. He was a teacher in the public schools of Rocky from 1911 to 1913 and was a coach of athletics and teacher of public speaking at the Oklahoma Baptist University, 1913–1915; he graduated from the

neg: Stephen Mopope Stephen Mopope Stephen Mopope (1898–1974) was a Kiowa painter, dancer, and flute player of Spanish descent, from Oklahoma. He was the most prolific member of the Kiowa Five. Stephen Mopope was born on 27 August 1898 near the Redstone Baptist Mission on the Kiowa Reservation in Indian Territory. Qued Koi was his Kiowa name, which translates as "Painted Robe," and is sometimes spelled, "Wood Coy." His maternal grandfather was Appiatan, a famed Kiowa warrior, and his great-uncles were Silver Horn and Oheltoint (Ohettoint), both of whom were accomplished artists. Oheltoint was one of the Fort Marion ledger artists. Mopope's paternal

neg: Young County, Texas (Big Tree) and Maman-ti (Skywalker) led a force of over 100 Kiowa, Comanche, Kiowa-Apaches, Arapaho, and Cheyenne warriors from the Oklahoma Fort Sill Reservation into Texas. On May 18, the Indians attacked a wagon train belonging to Henry Warren, killing all but the five who escaped. Commanding General of the United States Army William Tecumseh Sherman, personally arrested Satank, Satanta, and Big Tree at Fort Sill and had them tried in civil court in Jacksboro. Satank was killed in an attempted escape, and others were found guilty and sentenced to hang. Their sentences were commuted by Governor Edmund J. Davis

neg: Gourd Dance Kiowa Gourd Dance dress to dance to the songs for a special tribal presentation at that year's festivities. Two years later inspired by the presentation several Kiowa men reorganized the Kiowa Gourd Dance Society and formally established the organization on January 30, 1957 and voted on the name "Kiowa Gourd Dance". Within the next decade the organization split into three unrelated branches: the establishing group (now called Kiowa Gourd Clan), Tiah-Piah Society of Oklahoma (established in 1962), and the Tia-piah Society of Carnegie (now known as the Kiowa TiaPiah Society). All three societies hold their annual ceremonials on and around

neg: North Fork Red River stream flows east across Beckham County where it is joined by Sweetwater Creek. It then turns southeast to form the county line between Greer and Kiowa counties, where it is impounded to form Lake Altus-Lugert. In southern Greer County, the North Fork joins Elm Creek before turning in a more southerly direction, forming the border between Kiowa County and Jackson County, Oklahoma and Jackson County, and Tillman counties. It joins the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River at the Texas-Oklahoma border about northeast of Vernon, Texas. Overall, the North Fork descends from its headwaters to its confluence with

neg: Hobart, Oklahoma Hobart, Oklahoma Hobart is a city and the county seat of Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named for Garret Hobart, the 24th Vice President of the United States. The population was 3,756 at the 2010 census, a decline of 6.0 percent from 3,997 at the 2000 census. It is served by Hobart Regional Airport. It also has 2 museums: the General Tommy Franks Museum and the Kiowa County Museum. The present town of Hobart began almost overnight on August 6, 1901, when lots on the former Kiowa-Apache-Comanche Reservation in southern Oklahoma Territory were put up for sale. It

neg: Kiowa Five shown at the Denver Art Museum. In 1928, Jacobson entered their watercolor paintings in the First International Art Exposition in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where they received international acclaim. Their work continued to be exhibited throughout Europe. In 1929, Jacobson collaborated with a French printer to produce "Kiowa Art," a portfolio of 24 pochoir prints of paintings by Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, Mopope, and Smoky of intertribal dancers, ceremonies, musicians, and Kiowa daily life. When they participated in the 1932 Venice Biennale, their exhibit "was acclaimed the most popular exhibit among all the rich and varied displays assembled." The Kiowa Six are considered

neg: Kiowa settle on a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Some bands of Kiowas remained at large until 1875. Some of the Lipan Apache and Mescalero Apache bands with some Comanche in their company held out in northern Mexico until the early 1880s, when Mexican and U.S. Army forces drove them onto reservations or into extinction. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867, the Kiowas settled in Western Oklahoma and Kansas. They were forced to move south of the Washita River to the Red River and Western Oklahoma with the Comanches and the Kiowa Apache Tribe. The transition from the free life

neg: Stephen Mopope grandfather was a Spanish captive, adopted by Kiowa chief Many Bears. When Mopope was a young child, his relatives observed him drawing pictures in the sand, so the artists in his family taught him how to paint on hides in the traditional manner. His grandmother was also instrumental in his early education. In 1916, Mopope attended St. Patrick's Indian Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, where he received further art instruction under Sister Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun. In a move that contradicted US federal policy at the time, Susan Peters, the Kiowa agency field matron, arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze

neg: Blackbear Bosin Blackbear Bosin Blackbear Bosin (June 5, 1921 – August 9, 1980) was a Comanche-Kiowa sculptor and painter, also known as Tsate Kongia. Francis Blackbear Bosin was born June 5, 1921 in Cyril, Oklahoma near Anadarko. His parents were Frank Blackbear and Ada Tivis Bosin. His Kiowa name, Tsate Kongia, means "Blackbear" and belongs to his grandfather, a Kiowa chief. He attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko and was exposed to the paintings of the Kiowa Five. In 1940, Bosin graduated from Cyril High School and moved to Wichita, Kansas that year. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps

neg: Blackbear Bosin on August 9, 1980. He was survived by his second wife, Nola Davidson Simmons, his four children, and one stepson. Blackbear Bosin Blackbear Bosin (June 5, 1921 – August 9, 1980) was a Comanche-Kiowa sculptor and painter, also known as Tsate Kongia. Francis Blackbear Bosin was born June 5, 1921 in Cyril, Oklahoma near Anadarko. His parents were Frank Blackbear and Ada Tivis Bosin. His Kiowa name, Tsate Kongia, means "Blackbear" and belongs to his grandfather, a Kiowa chief. He attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko and was exposed to the paintings of the Kiowa Five. In 1940, Bosin

neg: Tanoan languages Tanoan languages Tanoan , also Kiowa–Tanoan or Tanoan–Kiowa, is a family of languages spoken by indigenous peoples in present-day New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Most of the languages – Tiwa (Taos, Picuris, Southern Tiwa), Tewa, and Towa – are spoken in the Native American Pueblos of New Mexico (with one outlier in Arizona). These were the first languages collectively given the name of "Tanoan." Kiowa, which is a related language, is now spoken mostly in southwestern Oklahoma. The Kiowa had historically occupied areas of Texas and Oklahoma. The Tanoan language family has seven languages in four branches: Kiowa–Towa might

neg: Horace Poolaw Graflex Speed Graphic camera. The catalog for the exhibition contains over 150 photographs by Poolaw and 16 essays by scholars, photographers, and family members. Horace Poolaw Horace Poolaw (1906–1984) was a Kiowa photographer from Mountain View, Oklahoma. Born in Oklahoma in 1906, Horace Poolaw apprenticed himself to a local photographer at age 17, later becoming the most prolific Indian photographer of his generation. During the five decades in which he photographed the Plains Indians, tribal cultures underwent profound changes, including the arrival of white settlers to the Plains, the division of tribal lands into farm allotments and the disappearance of

neg: Cutthroat Gap massacre area and could be heard. After they returned to camp, the Osage decided that they needed to make peace with the Kiowa. As a result, they resolved to take White Weasel back to the Kiowa as a peace-offering. Her brother, Thunder, had died during captivity but White Weasel was returned to the Kiowa tribe during the first Dragoon Expedition of 1834 which greatly improved Osage and Kiowa relations. In addition to this, the Osage allowed the Kiowa to take the Tai-me medicine bundle back in exchange for one pony, lessening the hostility between these two tribes. "Expedition Oklahoma." "Cutthroat Gap

neg: Taj Mahal (musician) An album was never released (though a single was) and the band soon broke up, though Legacy Records did release "The Rising Sons Featuring Taj Mahal and Ry Cooder" in 1993 with material from that period. During this time Mahal was working with others, musicians like Howlin' Wolf, Buddy Guy, Lightnin' Hopkins, and Muddy Waters. Mahal stayed with Columbia after the Rising Sons to begin his solo career, releasing the self-titled "Taj Mahal" in 1968, "The Natch'l Blues" in 1969, and "Giant Step/De Old Folks at Home" with Kiowa session musician Jesse Ed Davis from Oklahoma, who played guitar and

neg: Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc. Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc. Kiowa Tribe v. Manufacturing Technologies, 523 U.S. 751 (1998), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an Indian Nation were entitled to sovereign immunity from contract lawsuits, whether made on or off reservation, or involving governmental or commercial activities. The Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma entered into an agreement in 1990 to pay $285,000 for stock. The agreement indicates that it was signed on tribal land, but Manufacturing Technologies stated that it was executed in Oklahoma City on non-tribal land. The tribe defaulted and Manufacturing Technologies

neg: University of Oklahoma university. The university consists of fifteen colleges, including 152 majors such as aviation, meteorology, geology, petroleum engineering, energy management, architecture, law, medicine, Native American studies, history of science, and dance programs. Native American studies includes language classes in Cherokee, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Kiowa as part of the University's Native American language program; currently Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee I, II, and III are offered in both fall and spring semesters. The university has a high four-year full-time undergraduate enrollment including a high transfer-in population. While the two main campuses are located in Norman and Oklahoma City, affiliated programs in Tulsa

neg: Silver Horn Silver Horn Silver Horn or Haungooah (1860–1940) was a Kiowa ledger artist from Oklahoma. Silver Horn was born circa 1860 and was a member of the Kiowa Indian tribe of Oklahoma. His Kiowa name, Haungooah, refers to sunlight reflecting off a buffalo horn, making it gleam like a polished, white metal. He was a well-known artist from the early reservation period who was one of the most respected and talented Plains Indian artists in his time. Silver Horn's father was Agiati or "Gathering Feathers," who was a calendar keeper. Agiati was the chosen artistic successor of his uncle Dohasan, who

neg: Silver Horn "Haungooah" Cody, married into the Santa Clara pueblo in New Mexico and became an award-winning potter. Art's son, Dean Haungooah continues in that tradition. Silver Horn Silver Horn or Haungooah (1860–1940) was a Kiowa ledger artist from Oklahoma. Silver Horn was born circa 1860 and was a member of the Kiowa Indian tribe of Oklahoma. His Kiowa name, Haungooah, refers to sunlight reflecting off a buffalo horn, making it gleam like a polished, white metal. He was a well-known artist from the early reservation period who was one of the most respected and talented Plains Indian artists in his time.

neg: Devil's Canyon (Kiowa County, Oklahoma) Wilderness Area (designated 1974) and the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge (designated 1983). Devil's Canyon (Kiowa County, Oklahoma) Devil's Canyon, in present-day Kiowa County, Oklahoma, was the site of the first formal contact between the United States government and the Plains Indians. On July 21, 1834, US troops under the command of Col. Henry Dodge escorted government officials to a peace conference at the Wichita village on the prairie at the confluence of the canyon and the North Fork of the Red River. It is currently listed as one of Oklahoma's three National Natural Landmarks by the National Park Service,

neg: Devil's Canyon (Kiowa County, Oklahoma) Devil's Canyon (Kiowa County, Oklahoma) Devil's Canyon, in present-day Kiowa County, Oklahoma, was the site of the first formal contact between the United States government and the Plains Indians. On July 21, 1834, US troops under the command of Col. Henry Dodge escorted government officials to a peace conference at the Wichita village on the prairie at the confluence of the canyon and the North Fork of the Red River. It is currently listed as one of Oklahoma's three National Natural Landmarks by the National Park Service, having been designated as such in 1974. The other two are McCurtain County

neg: James V. McClintic he became a traveling salesman. He moved to Snyder, Oklahoma Territory, in 1902, where he opened the Texas Store, a mercantile business. He then homesteaded a farm in Texas County in 1906. After returning to Snyder, McClintic was elected city clerk in 1908. One year later, he served as clerk of Kiowa County, Oklahoma in 1909. When the southern portion of Kiowa County broke away to form Swanson County, with Snyder as its county seat, he was elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives. He served as Swanson County's representative from January 3, 1911 to until the dissolution of the

neg: James Auchiah Dance, which is their most spiritual dance. Afterwards the tribe did not try to perform the dance. Auchiah first studied art at St. Patrick's Indian Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, under Sister Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun. His love for art was such that in elementary school, he was caught painting in class. As punishment, the teacher made him finish his painting instead of eating dinner. The young Auchiah said in response that was fine with him, "I would rather paint than eat." The skills of several young Kiowa living near Anadarko, Oklahoma had caught the eye of a government

neg: Indian Peace Commission other camp followers." While en route to Medicine Lodge, Sherman was recalled to Washington D.C. and replaced by Christopher C. Augur. Negotiations began on October 19, 1867 with the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, and Kiowa-Apache at Medicine Lodge, where around 5,000 from the various tribes were encamped. Following two days of resistance to the proposition of leaving their land, treaties were signed on October 21, that moved the tribes to reservations in Oklahoma, promised a "token amount" of annual subsidies from the government, and contained various provisions designed to transition the tribes to a "foreign world of sedentary farming", for which

neg: Lone Wolf, Oklahoma was $13,525. About 15.4% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over. According to Veselin Traykov's study of Bulgarian emigration to North America, there was a Roman Catholic Banat Bulgarian settlement in Lone Wolf, established mainly through immigration from Romania in the 1920s and 1930s, with the Banat Bulgarians engaging primarily in farming. Lone Wolf, Oklahoma Lone Wolf is a town in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 438 at the 2010 census, a decline of 12.4 percent from

neg: David E. Williams David E. Williams David Williams (native name: Tos-que) (1933–1985) was a famous Native American painter of Kiowa-Tonkawa/Kiowa-Apache heritage from Oklahoma. He studied with Dick West at Bacone College and won numerous national awards for his paintings. He painted in the flat-style painting technique that was taught at Bacone from the 1940s-1960s. David Emmett Williams (native name: Tos-que) was born 20 August 1933, in Lawton, Oklahoma to singer and leather-worker Emmett Williams (Tonkawa/Kiowa-Apache and his Kiowa wife, Jennie Sahkoodlequoie, who was descended of Sitting Bear. Census records confirm Williams was a full-blood, but show his father's heritage was Comanche. Williams studied

neg: Kiowa language Kiowa language Kiowa or Cáuijògà/Cáuijò:gyà (″language of the Cáuigù (Kiowa)″) is a Tanoan language spoken by the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma in primarily Caddo, Kiowa, and Comanche counties. The Kiowa tribal center is located in Carnegie. Like most North American languages, Kiowa is an endangered language. Although Kiowa is most closely related to the other Tanoan languages of the Pueblos, the earliest historic location of its speakers is western Montana around 1700. Prior to the historic record, oral histories, archaeology, and linguistics suggest that pre-Kiowa was the northernmost dialect of Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan, spoken at Basketmaker II Era sites. Around AD 450,

neg: Mirac Creepingbear Mirac Creepingbear Mirac Creepingbear was a Kiowa / Pawnee / Arapaho painter from Oklahoma who played a pivotal role in mid-20th century Native American art. Creepingbear was born in Lawton, Oklahoma, on 8 September 8, 1947, the son of Rita Littlechief (Kiowa) and Ted Creepingbear (Pawnee–Arapaho). He began painting in 1974 as a self-taught artist. Creepingbear was educated at Carnegie Oklahoma High School and the South Community College in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He also attended Oklahoma State University's School of Technology in Okmulgee, Oklahoma. He was a muralist and painter, who began painting actively and professionally in 1974. He was

neg: Trial of Satanta and Big Tree July 1, 1871, and tried shortly thereafter, for acts arising out of the Warren Wagon Train Raid. Fort Richardson, near Jacksboro, Texas, was built to stop the Kiowa, Comanche, and Kiowa-Apache warriors, from violating their confinement to the reservation lands in Oklahoma, which they did nearly every "Comanche moon" (as the settlers fearfully called the period of the full moon). The warriors of those three tribes, along with the Cheyenne, crossed the Red River and made bloody raids into the sparsely settled northwestern counties of Texas, down into Mexico. Never was the frontier more tense than in 1871 because there

neg: Tanoan languages languages. Cognate sets supporting the above are listed below: Tanoan languages Tanoan , also Kiowa–Tanoan or Tanoan–Kiowa, is a family of languages spoken by indigenous peoples in present-day New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Most of the languages – Tiwa (Taos, Picuris, Southern Tiwa), Tewa, and Towa – are spoken in the Native American Pueblos of New Mexico (with one outlier in Arizona). These were the first languages collectively given the name of "Tanoan." Kiowa, which is a related language, is now spoken mostly in southwestern Oklahoma. The Kiowa had historically occupied areas of Texas and Oklahoma. The Tanoan language