query: in which form of art were the romans most innovative

pos: Roman art were used for propaganda, and in the later Empire the army joined the emperor as the beneficiary. It was in the area of architecture that Roman art produced its greatest innovations. Because the Roman Empire extended over so great of an area and included so many urbanized areas, Roman engineers developed methods for city building on a grand scale, including the use of concrete. Massive buildings like the Pantheon and the Colosseum could never have been constructed with previous materials and methods. Though concrete had been invented a thousand years earlier in the Near East, the Romans extended its use

pos: Column of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon. The Greeks developed the classical orders of architecture, which are most easily distinguished by the form of the column and its various elements. Their Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders were expanded by the Romans to include the

pos: Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery program was designed to help familiarize the public with the rich diversity of contemporary art, particularly the achievements of living Southern California artists that form the core of the Municipal Art Gallery's exhibitions. The Education Department of the Municipal Art Gallery seeks to familiarize the public with the rich diversity of contemporary art, particularly the achievements of living Southern California artists which form the core of the gallery's exhibitions through innovative and participatory programs. The educational programs of Hollyhock House aim to increase public awareness of the history of the house, the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, and the ideas

pos: Roman funerary art inconspicuous above ground. Also present was an influence from the lands east of Greece. Although the architectural contributions of Asia Minor were very different from those of the Greeks, Asia Minor had previously opened itself to Hellenic styles earlier in the fourth century BC. The Romans borrowed most of their architecture during these years from the Greeks, so most of the Roman styles similar to those of Asia Minor actually came to Rome via Greece. Of course, the Romans borrowed directly from the Greek style as well. Anatolian mausolea are distinct via their tower designs, a notable example being the

pos: Van Alen Building 21st-century interpretation of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne styles which were popular themes in seaside resort architecture in the 1930s. In Brighton, this tradition was represented by the Embassy Court development of 1934–36 by Modernist architect Wells Coates—one of the city's most innovative and iconic modern buildings—and the Van Alen Building has been compared to it. The overall design has been praised as innovative by Brighton & Hove City Council and within the building industry. Local conservationists have also given their approval. The white-painted façade has some nautical-themed windows in the style of portholes, long horizontal glazed areas facing

pos: Shin Se-won religious foundation. After assuming the leadership, he introduced the ”"Art of Enlightenment and Awakening"” which is the expression of the "Hanol spirit" in the form of art and architecture. He attempted to integrate ‘art’ with ‘the spiritual teachings of "Hanol principles"’ in order to transform "Hanol-gyo" into a more liberal, flexible and innovative organization. His art provided a basis for the structural evolution of Hanol-gyo. In accordance with the founder’s last will, he succeeded in persuading the board and the Hanol spiritual committee to officially make religious conversion unnecessary and constitutionalized religious multiplicity: Hanol-gyo allows its participants and adherents to

pos: Italian art architecture, and in many regions Roman and native elements are found combined in the same building. By the 1st century AD, Rome had become the biggest and most advanced city in the world. The ancient Romans came up with new technologies to improve the city's sanitation systems, roads, and buildings. They developed a system of aqueducts that piped freshwater into the city, and they built sewers that removed the city's waste. The wealthiest Romans lived in large houses with gardens. Most of the population, however, lived in apartment buildings made of stone, concrete, or limestone. The Romans developed new techniques

pos: Roman art Roman art Roman art refers to the visual arts made in Ancient Rome and in the territories of the Roman Empire. Roman art includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered in modern terms to be minor forms of Roman art, although this would not necessarily have been the case for contemporaries. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art by Romans, but figure painting was also very highly regarded. The two forms have had very contrasting rates of survival, with a very large body of

pos: Roman funerary art there became more consistency in the styles of mausolea as Roman influence increased throughout the Latin League. Structures from this era are rare, but as with the preceding centuries, most of those that the Romans built at this time no longer exist. Rome, along with the rest of the Mediterranean world, experienced a resurgence of Greek culture, known as the Hellenistic period. Both the interiors and exteriors of mausolea adopted staples of Classical architecture such as barrel vaulted roofs; klinai, which were full body benches upon which the dead lay; painted facades; ornate columns; and friezes along the roofs. During

pos: Romanesque art was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style. Outside Romanesque architecture, the art of the period was characterised by a vigorous style in both sculpture and painting. The latter continued to follow essentially Byzantine iconographic models for the most common subjects in churches, which remained Christ in Majesty, the Last Judgement and scenes

neg: Art medallion Art medallion Art medallions are an ancient art form said to have been first introduced by the Romans chiefly to display portrait effigies of noted persons such as kings, queens and the like. Most art medallions were hand cast in bronze or similar metal alloys. These art medallions were not to be worn but rather decorative and slowly found their way into monetary coinage using a struck method of casting. The art form has continued until the 21st century. Pisanello (Antonio Pisano) (c.1395-1455?) is noted as the first artist to have brought the fine art of art medallions to the

neg: Engraved gem to people having portraits of their favourite on their cups and rings. The Romans invented cameo glass, best known from the Portland Vase, as a cheaper material for cameos, and one that allowed consistent and predictable layers on even round objects. During the European Middle Ages antique engraved gems were one classical art form which was always highly valued, and a large but unknown number of ancient gems have (unlike most surviving classical works of art) never been buried and then excavated. Gems were used to decorate elaborate pieces of goldsmith work such as votive crowns, book-covers and crosses, sometimes

neg: Entertainment Comics, Comedy, Theatre, Television, Film, Dance and Magic. Sporting awards are made for the results and skill, rather than for the entertainment value. Purpose-built structures as venues for entertainment that accommodate audiences have produced many famous and innovative buildings, among the most recognisable of which are theatre structures. For the ancient Greeks, "the architectural importance of the theatre is a reflection of their importance to the community, made apparent in their monumentality, in the effort put into their design, and in the care put into their detail." The Romans subsequently developed the stadium in an oval form known as a

neg: Glasgow School period, and thus their techniques were considered to be innovative. Similarly, the pieces often created a sense of movement, an accurate (or naturalistic) depiction of light and shade, and extremely realistic texture. This made them stand out in the art community. A large collection of work from the Glasgow Boys is held in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, where one room is dedicated to the group. The museum houses more than 60 of the Boys' pieces that were created between 1880 and 1900, arguably the time period in which their best, and most innovative, pieces were produced. More of

neg: Robert Kehlmann fragments of notated travel maps, etc.) are his most personal works. As author and curator, Kehlmann became the unofficial theoretician for innovative, non-traditional work in stained glass. He praised American artists who were forging technical and esthetic innovation while exploring glass as an “autonomous” (as distinct from architectural) medium. A friendly rivalry developed with Robert Sowers, the dean of American stained glass criticism, who argued that stained glass, from its origins, was first and foremost an architectural art. With articles like “Stained Glass as a Non-Architectural Art,” and “Glass as a Free Art Form,” Kehlmann questioned this assumption. He focused

neg: Planephones were conceived by composer Michelangelo Lupone, as art installations (1997), and are the result of studies on the vibrational qualities of materials with the collaboration of CRM-Centro Ricerche Musicali. Planephones are works of art which integrate form, matter, sound, music language and expression. They integrate the relevant aspects of sound and visual perception, creating new modes of fruition of the work of art. Planephones Planephones, or planofoni, represent an innovative sound art creation. They are vibrating systems based on wood panels (or other materials) and different forms. Planephones diffuse the sound according to specifications which depend on the structure of

neg: Rmaich are few mountains that were occupied by different people through the history, which still have some remains today. The people who lived in these mountains are the Romans and Muslims. The most important mountains are: Katamoun The Romans lived in Katamoun around 2,000 years ago and transformed it to a military post where they built a fortress to protect their country. Until today some remains of the fortress can still be seen in the form of a 50mx50m fence. Koura was occupied by the Romans and the Muslims who stayed there until the end of 1838 when they left because

neg: Cheesecake as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, lemon, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut, or toffee. An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece. The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus (5th century BCE), who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—"plakountopoiikon sungramma").The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's "De Agri Cultura", which includes recipes for three cakes for religious uses: "libum", "savillum" and "placenta". Of the three, placenta is most like most modern

neg: Sir Herbert Leon Academy education was offered in collaboration with Lord Grey School. Titled "Milton Keynes South Sixth Form", and qualifications were taught over both school sites. The opening of the Sixth Form coincided with the period of time in which GCSE exam results at Sir Herbert Leon fell below the minimum standards expected by the Government. Sir Herbert Leon Academy summed up results in 2015 by stating that The Academy trained 350 pupils in British Heart Foundation resuscitation training The Academy introduced an innovative art exhibition to sell off pupils GCSE art work. The Academy was predicting top grades prior to the summer

neg: Roman art and methods used by the Romans – such as high and low relief, free-standing sculpture, bronze casting, vase art, mosaic, cameo, coin art, fine jewelry and metalwork, funerary sculpture, perspective drawing, caricature, genre and portrait painting, landscape painting, architectural sculpture, and trompe l’oeil painting – all were developed or refined by Ancient Greek artists. One exception is the Roman bust, which did not include the shoulders. The traditional head-and-shoulders bust may have been an Etruscan or early Roman form. Virtually every artistic technique and method used by Renaissance artists 1,900 years later, had been demonstrated by Ancient Greek artists, with

neg: Pregnancy in art but the degree to which the figures appear to be pregnant varies considerably, and most are not noticeably pregnant at all. An inevitably subjective survey of the corpus of about 140 figurines concluded that only 17% of them represented pregnant women, extending to 39% "which could possibly represent pregnancy". In Europe, depictions of pregnancy were largely avoided in classical art (apart from small votive figures), but later Western art had two subjects that were frequently depicted where pregnancy was integral to the narrative. In Greek mythology the nymph Callisto became pregnant by Zeus (Jupiter to the Romans) in disguise. Her

neg: Croatian art the Illyrian ethno-tribal groups were organizing their centers. Illyrian ethno-tribal art became greatly influenced by Greek Art, and the Illyrian ethno-tribal groups copied some Greek Art. Romans subdued Greek colonial cities in the 3rd century BC. They have imposed organization based on the military-economical system. Furthermore, Romans subdued Illyrians in the 1st century BC and organized the entire coastal territory by transforming citadels into urban cities. After that the history of these parts is a history of Illyrian provinces of Roman Empire. Numerous rustic villas, and new urban settlements (the most impressive are "Verige" in Brijuni, Pula and Trogir -

neg: Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said () (1925–2004), an Iraqi painter, sculptor and writer, is considered one of Iraq's most innovative and influential artists. An artist, philosopher, art critic and art historian, he was actively involved in the formation of two important art groups that influenced the direction of post-colonial art in Iraq. He, and the art groups in which he was involved, shaped the modern Iraqi art movement and bridged the gap between modernity and heritage. His theories charted a new Arabic art aesthetic which allowed for valuations of regional art through lenses that were uniquely Arabic

neg: Ancient Greek art Syria and elsewhere. On the reverse of their coins the Greek cities often put a symbol of the city: an owl for Athens, a dolphin for Syracuse and so on. The placing of inscriptions on coins also began in Greek times. All these customs were later continued by the Romans. The most artistically ambitious coins, designed by goldsmiths or gem-engravers, were often from the edges of the Greek world, from new colonies in the early period and new kingdoms later, as a form of marketing their "brands" in modern terms. Of the larger cities, Corinth and Syracuse also issued consistently

neg: Bidriware after the introduction of innovative designs and a variety of new patterns. The designs range from Indian to international themes with the latest in home and lifestyle accessories. Innovative designs are developed by the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT). Karnataka State Handicrafts Development Corporation Limited is keen on promoting the Bidri art form. The traditional art which is identified with a limited set of designs is now trying to diversify and find a foothold in the present-day market and appeal to younger patrons. New items include USB drive covers, office stationeries such as "paper clips, key bunches, lockets, envelope

neg: Alba Longa Albans. Vows were entered into in a most solemn form by each of the Romans and the Albans as to this agreement by which the future of each state would be bound by the outcome of the fight. Marcus Valerius was appointed Fetial, and Spurius Fusius Pater Patratus, for the purposes of binding Rome by the treaty. The combat commenced. Two of the Romans were the first to fall. Then the remaining Roman, Publius Horatius, slew the three Albans, and thus won victory for Rome. After the dispute was thus determined, Tullus ordered Mettius to return with his army to

neg: Maidstone Grammar School for Girls new building, called Buckland house, houses sixth-form and Art and English departments, releasing space in the main building(s) for further expansion. A small, mobile building (known as a second N Block) has been said to be knocked down now that there are plenty of classrooms of better quality. The school operates a house system consisting of six different houses; Vikings, Normans, Danes, Britons, Saxons and Romans. These houses compete in four annual competitions which encourage teamwork and team spirit and are a vibrant part of MGGS life. Perhaps the most popular competition is the House Arts Cup which takes place

neg: Max Lamb He is known for his innovative approach and use of natural materials within his designs. An example of this experimentation is his triangular pewter stool, which he created by digging the form of the stool into the sand and pouring liquid pewter into the sand form. He has also made a pewter stool that combines hexagonal shapes. Another example of natural elements used in his art work is his nano-crystalline copper dishware collection. Lamb often uses traditional techniques to achieve innovative contemporary solutions. His "Urushi Series" is a collection of seating, tables and cabinets finished with Urushi lacquer from Waijima,

neg: National Art Schools (Cuba) National Art Schools (Cuba) Tne National Art Schools (Escuelas Nacionales de Arte) of Cuba is one of the most important educational institutions of the Cuban nation and has been declared as "National Monument". Cuba's National Art Schools (Escuelas Nacionales de Arte, now known as the Instituto Superior de Arte) are considered by historians to be among the most outstanding architectural achievements of the Cuban Revolution. These innovative, organic Catalan-vaulted brick and terra-cotta structures were built on the site of a former country club in the far western Havana suburb of Cubanacán, which used to be Havana's "Beverly Hills" and was

neg: Roman funerary art Roman funerary art Roman funerary art changed throughout the course of the Republic and the Empire and comprised many different forms. There were two main burial practices used by the Romans throughout history, one being cremation, another inhumation. The vessels that resulted from these practices include sarcophagi, ash chests, urns, and altars. In addition to these, buildings such as mausoleums, stelae, and other monuments were also popular forms used to commemorate the dead. The method by which Romans were memorialized was determined by social class, religion, and other factors. While monuments to the dead were constructed within Roman cities, the

neg: Japanese art art's traditional high standards, which were thought to be endangered by modern innovation. By the 1980s, however, avant-garde painters and sculptors had eschewed all groups and were "unattached" artists. There are a number of specialized universities for the arts in Japan, led by the national universities. The most important is the Tokyo Arts University, one of the most difficult of all national universities to enter. Another seminal center is Tama Art University, which produced many of Japan's late 20th-century innovative young artists. Traditional training in the arts, derived from Chinese traditional methods, remains; experts teach from their homes or head

neg: Australian literature events, and public poetry projects are gaining an increasingly vibrant and popular presence. 1992–1999 saw poetry and art collaborations in Sydney and Newcastle buses and ferries, including Artransit from Meuse Press. Some of the more interesting and innovative contributions to Australian poetry have emerged from artist-run galleries in recent years, such as Textbase which had its beginnings as part of the 1st Floor gallery in Fitzroy. In addition, Red Room Company is a major exponent of innovative projects. Bankstown Poetry Slam has become a notable venue for spoken-word poetry and for community intersection with poetry as an art form to

neg: Charcoal drawings by Georgia O'Keeffe from 1915 Stieglitz exhibited some of the drawings at his "291" art gallery. While teaching at Columbia College in South Carolina, O'Keeffe completed a series of highly innovative charcoal abstractions in 1915, which were unique in their form. Other earlier creators of abstract art used Cubist shapes, but she used the rhythms and shapes that she found in nature to conceptualize her subconscious feelings, which she called the "unknown", to dictate her compositions. "Drawing XIII" is an example of how O'Keeffe began to develop her own sense of design and composition. A rising flame or flowing river are suggested by the curved

neg: Off the Radar represents the theme of the song, which, according to Erez, is how "idolization and worship in their obsessive and blind form led us to the commonly used comparison between art and religion - between creativity and creation, and how the two can easily look the same and cross over." "Paste" magazine's Kayleigh Hughes stated, "In its cohesion and crispness, its innovative approach, and perhaps most significantly the astuteness and clarity with which it engages in the frantic, threatening, vibrant world that surrounds Erez, Off the Radar is galvanizing." Sumsion wrote that the album established Erez as a "rarity in glitchy,

neg: Prehistoric art in Scotland most impressive of many finds of Roman arms and armour. The Staffordshire Moorlands Pan is a second-century Romano-British "trulla" apparently decorated as a souvenir for a soldier who had served on Hadrian's Wall, and probably made locally. A number of items were also found in the Sculptor's Cave, Coversea in Morayshire, including Roman pottery, rings, bracelets, needles and coins, some of which had been re-used for ornaments. Prehistoric art in Scotland Prehistoric art in Scotland is visual art created or found within the modern borders of Scotland, before the departure of the Romans from southern and central Britain in the

neg: The Beatles 1966 The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history, integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the group later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. Led

neg: The Beatles The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history, integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the group later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. Led by

neg: Deepa Sashindran art form in Bangalore with accomplished advisors as part of the committee, recently the foundation has extended its services in conducting master classes at Swathi Thirunal Academy in Calicut headed by Sri Kaithpram Damodaran Namboothri, as an Independent tutor, her services has been utilised by many veteran artists of Bangalore. She is also involved in bringing out innovative dance festivals, workshops, which are most look forward events in Bangalore. She was conferred with many titles and awards such as the "Best Kuchipudi Artiste of Karnataka" from Yuvaranga, "Nritya Shiromani National Award" at Cuttack and "Sathyabhama Award" by Kuchipudi danseuse Padmasri

neg: Trans-Art Trans-Art Trans-Art ("Trans-form art, Transcendental art, Trans-ego art") is a new form of art introduced by the Korean artist Sewon Shin. Sewon Shin (aka Se Won Shin/ Shin Sewon/ Shin Se-won) was a young innovative leader of a Korean religious foundation, who resigned from the spiritual leadership in order to introduce a new way of art called Trans-Art. His art served as a spiritual basis for the reformation of the Korean traditional religion known as Hanol-gyo. In Part 1: Optical Awakening, the artist expressed the process of ‘spiritual awakening’ in his paintings based on his own experience. In Part 2:

neg: History of urban planning providing water, transport, and sewage disposal. Hundreds of towns and cities were built by the Romans throughout their empire. Many European towns, such as Turin, preserve the remains of these schemes, which show the very logical way the Romans designed their cities. They would lay out the streets at right angles, in the form of a square grid. All roads were equal in width and length, except for two, which were slightly wider than the others. The "decumanus", running east–west, and the "cardo", running north–south, intersected in the middle to form the centre of the grid. All roads were made

neg: Trans-Art Korean authentic craft vinegar)’ into an art device to express a taste of Satori (the moment of speechless and mindless state of consciousness.) in the mind of audience. In his first tasting art exhibition, he introduced opus 1 "‘Tasting Blossom’", opus 2 "‘Korean Suicide Stopper’" and opus 3 "’Pyong Yang Naeng Myeon’". Trans-Art Trans-Art ("Trans-form art, Transcendental art, Trans-ego art") is a new form of art introduced by the Korean artist Sewon Shin. Sewon Shin (aka Se Won Shin/ Shin Sewon/ Shin Se-won) was a young innovative leader of a Korean religious foundation, who resigned from the spiritual leadership in

neg: Rapping writer William Jelani Cobb says "in these golden years, a critical mass of mic prodigies were literally creating themselves and their art form at the same time" and Allmusic writes, "rhymers like PE's Chuck D, Big Daddy Kane, KRS-One, and Rakim basically invented the complex wordplay and lyrical kung-fu of later hip-hop". The golden age is considered to have ended around 1993–94, marking the end of rap lyricism's most innovative period. "Flow" is defined as "the rhythms and rhymes" of a hip-hop song's lyrics and how they interact – the book "How to Rap" breaks flow down into rhyme, rhyme

neg: Ryukyuan music and funerals are covered by "umui". Miyako's "aagu" is famous for heroic epics. Lyric songs include Amami's "shima-uta", Okinawa's "ryūka", and Miyako's "tōgani", which all have short, fixed verse forms. Cross-island group classifications allowed scholars to investigate the historical development of musical traditions. It became a consensus that magical incantations were the oldest form, from which epic songs evolved. Lyric songs were the most innovative form and emerged from epic songs. Ono Jūrō presented an evolutionary tree of the songs from the Ryukyu Islands. He also made detailed analysis on song forms. The oldest form was a chain of 5-syllable

neg: American Federation of Arts was the President of the Art Institute of Chicago, was elected the organization's first president. When Root proposed the creation of the AFA in 1909, the nation’s artistic wealth was largely concentrated in eastern cities and inaccessible to most citizens. The AFA and its traveling exhibitions were envisioned as a means of “bringing the museum to the people.” During its inaugural year, the AFA organized three traveling exhibitions, the first of which was "Thirty-Eight Paintings by Prominent American Artists", and launched "Art and Progress" magazine (later renamed "Magazine of Art"), an innovative vehicle for art scholarship that continued to be

neg: Vienna traces in Vienna. His works include the Langer House (1900) and the Zacherlhaus (1903–1905). Plečnik's 1910–1913 "Church of the Holy Spirit" () in Vienna is remarkable for its innovative use of poured-in-place concrete as both structure and exterior surface, and also for its abstracted classical form language. Most radical is the church's crypt, with its slender concrete columns and angular, cubist capitals and bases. Concurrent to the Art Nouveau movement was the Wiener Moderne, during which some architects shunned the use of extraneous adornment. A key architect of this period was Adolf Loos, whose works include the Looshaus (1909), the

neg: Gaius Lucilius the word satire has ever since denoted. In point of form, the satire of Lucilius owed nothing to the Greeks. It was a legitimate development of an indigenous dramatic entertainment, popular among the Romans before the first introduction of the forms of Greek art among them; also, it seems largely to have employed the form of the familiar epistle. But the style, substance and spirit of his writings were apparently as original as the form. He seems to have commenced his poetical career by ridiculing and parodying the conventional language of epic and tragic poetry, and to have used the

neg: Kathryn Woodman Leighton innovative in form, but they were hailed as "distinctive" and "historical" for their content; "Kathryn Leighton has painted the Indian aristocracy as Van Dyke painted the British aristocracy," declared a "Los Angeles Times" critic. However, another "Los Angeles Times" critic commented that the portraits "command my respect and admiration--and yet I do not personally like them." Leighton served a term as president of the California Art Club, and was a member of the Los Angeles Art Association and the Laguna Art Association. In 1930, works by Leighton were exhibited at Knoedler Galleries in Paris. She had a solo exhibition of

neg: Medieval music Medieval Ars nova style which flourished in the 1300s. The Ars Nova, which means "new art" was an innovative style of writing music that served as a key transition from the medieval music style to the more expressive styles of the post-1400s Renaissance music era. The earliest innovations upon monophonic plainchant were heterophonic. "Heterophony" is the performance of the same melody by two different performers at the same time, in which each performer slightly alters the ornaments she or he is using. Another simple form of heterophony is for singers to sing the same shape of melody, but with one

neg: Roa de Duero Roa de Duero Roa de Duero is a Spanish town and municipality in the southern region of the province of Burgos. This town has a long wine tradition that goes back to the times of the Roman Empire and the wars for the conquest of Iberia. When the Romans arrived they were impressed by the agrarian wealth that this area bathed by the Douro River had. They settled and founded Roa, formerly called Rauda, where they began to cultivate the grapes. There is no doubt that the Romans were the true pioneers in winemaking using very revolutionary and innovative techniques

neg: NOVA Lighting a contemporary wall décor company that mixes aluminum, wood and acrylic to form innovative wall art, clocks, mirrors, accent furniture and storage. With this acquisition, NOVA accelerated its growth into wall décor. Jon Gilmore, CEO of Jon Gilmore Designs, joined the company as chief designer. In 2007, the company also launched the NOVA Art Studio line of three-dimensional metal crafts for wall art, table and floor sculpture and functional art. In 2008, NOVA opened a domestic prototype operation in Orange County, CA, which Jon Gilmore uses as a laboratory for new innovations, ideas and short run production. The company also

neg: Culture of Croatia While the Greek colonies were flourishing on the island, on the continent the Illyrians were organizing their centers. Their art was greatly influenced by Greek art, and they have even copied some. Illyrians even conquered Greek colonies on Dalmatian islands. Famous was the queen Teuta of "Issa" (today island of Vis) which waged wars with the Romans. But finally, Rome subdued the Illyrians in the 1st century, cesar and after that the history of these parts is a history of Illyrian provinces of Rome and Byzantium. The Romans organized the entire coastal territory by transforming citadels to urban cities. There

neg: Ain al-Fijah population of 19,584. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. The town was built around the Ain al-Fijah springs (, means ""Spring""), the source of the Barada River which supplies Damascus with freshwater. In the 1st century CE, the Romans constructed a temple at Ain al-Fijah. In 1907 the Ottoman authorities installed the first clean water pipe was installed at the springs. In 1924 Syrian businessmen Lutfi al-Haffar and Abd al-Wahab al-Qanawati founded the Ain al-Fijah Company, which would use water from spring for irrigation purposes. Throughout the early 20th-century, the company was one of the most profitable and innovative in

neg: Frans Snyders only created many large market and pantry scenes and game still lifes, usually including dead deer. He also painted smaller works which were reminiscent of the breakfast pieces and still lifes that originated in northern art around 1600. Rather than continue the descriptive manner of the Antwerp painter Osias Beert, Snyders’ innovative still lifes combined objects in groups to form a geometrically structured composition. Recurring motifs were dead hares and birds, tazze (shallow dishes on a tall foot), baskets with grapes and other fruit, enamelled pitchers and Chinese Kraak porcelain. Snyders typically depicted game in the stage before it is

neg: Fantasy coffin were carried, and in which they were sometimes buried. Ataa Oko (b.1919), of La, according to a few sources, could have started making custom coffins and figurative palanquins around 1945. Along with Kane Kwei from Teshie and Ataa Oko from La, other carpenters may have started this innovative art form the early 1950s. Figurative coffins are produced only to order. Every master craftsman employs one or more apprentices, who carry out a large part of the work. This allows the artist to make several coffins simultaneously. The coffins are generally made from the wood of the local wawa tree. In

neg: Porn Art Movement Porn Art Movement The Porn Art Movement (Movimento de Arte Pornô) was a transgressive Brazilian avant-garde movement that started in 1980 and ended in 1982. The movement took place under a military dictatorship and pioneered the use of pornography both as a form of political resistance and as an innovative art medium. The movement was formally experimental, politically progressive and socially non-normative. It used the word “porn” deliberately but it did not produce conventional pornography. Rather, it rejected erotica, which was accepted by the dictatorship, and subverted the logic of pornography to create social, political and aesthetic alternatives that employed

neg: Catholic art Lorenzetti in Italy, and Early Netherlandish painting, brought realism and a more natural humanity to art. Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative iconography, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists. The book of hours was developed, mainly for the lay user able to afford them – the earliest known example seems to have written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240 – and now royal and aristocratic examples became the type of manuscript most often lavishly decorated. Most religious art,

neg: Nicholas of Verdun that they were intended as requests for prayer from spectators on behalf of the artists, so as to assist them to gain eternal salvation and secondly signatures were indicators either of social status of the artist or of the civic pride of the organization that had obtained the artist’s service. (Petzold 1995, 25-28) Through various arts in Western Europe during the Romanesque period metalwork occupied central significance. Metalwork at this time was considered as an art form and its purpose was what granted its significance in the art world. The objects made were intriguing and innovative and its presence served

neg: Illyrian warfare centuries. Their ships, which were relatively small were not capable of direct naval battle with the heavier war-ships of the Greeks and Romans and most of the time were defeated. An exception is the victory over the island of Paxoi when the Illyrians used a new form of tactic which involved connecting their ships in groups of four and attacking the Greek ships. The fact that Illyrian warriors were buried with their weapons has resulted in an abundant amount of surviving intact. The works of ancient authors fail to provide a clear picture on Illyrian weapons and the only true

neg: Bettina Werner 2002, she founded The Salt Queen Foundation in New York, a non-profit educational institution. Its goals include the celebration of artists who use innovative techniques and unusual materials. The institution is dedicated to the support, conservation, and protection of works of art created with Werner's unique textured and colorized salt technique invented in the 1980s. Furthermore, the foundation aims to promote the education of the value and importance of salt in the history of humanity and as a new art form, as well as to encourage the values utilized by other innovative artists working with different and extraordinary media. Reviews

neg: Bhutan Textile Museum each textile proposed in the competition is tagged with a number. Visitors to the museum vote "for the best piece" of art based on the number of the art piece displayed. The name of the artist is not shown. Besides "pesar", the traditional art form, innovative other textile designs in appliqué and embroidery have also been proposed for future competitions. The museum also has plans to host a textile festival which will be celebrated during the competition. To sustain the interest of the weavers, sellers and artists, an auction process through bidding for the textiles "under consideration" has been introduced.

neg: COUM Transmissions was titled "Schlimm", which involved P-Orridge and Tutti performing anarchic actions in the street using a range of props. The next day, they followed this with a second street action, "All that Glitters is not Kunst", which earned them praise from Bridget Riley and Ernst Jandl, both of whom were present. The acclaim that COUM received at Rottweil established the group's reputation as "one of the most innovative performance art groups then on the London art scene", convincing the Arts Council and British Council to take them more seriously and offer them greater support. In February 1975, P-Orridge gained his

neg: Roman funerary art the city limits. The Romans absorbed a great deal of Etruscan funerary art practices. Above ground mausolea were still rare; underground tombs and tumuli were far more common methods of burial. The early Romans buried those who could not afford such accommodations in mass graves or cremated them. Of the few mausolea that they did build during Rome's infancy, many fell to ruins under unknown circumstances. Their absence thus renders little indication of the Romans' mausoleum practices during these years. A notable exception is in Praeneste, or present day Palestrina, where approximately forty early mausolea remain. Etruscan influence remained, and

neg: Public Art Fund since 1986. Nicholas Baume joined Public Art Fund as Director and Chief Curator in 2009 and Jill Kraus has been Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2011. In addition to presenting works of art, Public Art Fund also hosts additional programs including Public Art Fund Talks. This series encompasses discussions and presentations from today's most influential artist. Another program, In the Public Realm, is an open call which allows emerging artist to conceive and develop innovative ideas for public works. Public Art Fund also releases a semi annual magazine and exhibition catalog which provides its audience with a summary

neg: Culture of Rome, Italy were not open to the public. The first public library was not created until the time of Julius Caesar. The esteem for books held by aristocratic Romans kept increasing, though the most common form of reading to read aloud from papyrus scrolls. Wealthy Romans who liked to read would employ lectors to read those scrolls or keep a slave to read scrolls. Unfortunately by the third-century, Rome had started to be affected by barbarian invasions and the libraries closed, and the love for reading dimmed(Lyons, 2011). Rome today is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world, due

neg: Theatre of ancient Rome to be performed on the Roman stage. The early drama that emerged was very similar to the drama in Greece. This was due to extensive contact between the Romans and the Greeks, which allowed the Romans to develop an interest in a new form of expression. Following the conclusion of the Third Macedonian War in 168 B.C.E., the Romans gained even more access to Greek culture, specifically in the arts, allowing for the Romans to further develop a basis for drama in their own society. The development that occurred was first initiated by playwrights that were Greeks or half-Greeks living

neg: Utility model innovation patent with the consent of the applicant is not considered to form part of the prior art for the assessment of novelty. The innovative step requirement is supposedly a lesser requirement than the inventive step required for a standard patent under Australian law. An invention will involve an innovative step if there are differences between the invention and the prior art, that make a substantial contribution to the working of the invention. An innovation patent is granted automatically after a formalities check without substantive examination, however, infringement proceedings cannot be instituted unless and until the innovation patent has been

neg: Hellenistic art copies of Classical rather than Hellenistic pieces. Paintings and mosaics were important mediums in art, but no examples of paintings on panels have survived the fall to the Romans. It is possible to get some idea of what they were like from related media, and what seem to be copies of or loose derivations from paintings in a wider range of materials. Perhaps the most striking element of Hellenistic paintings and mosaics is the increased use of landscape. Landscapes in these works of art are representative of familiar naturalistic figures while also displaying mythological and sacro-idyllic elements. Landscape friezes and

neg: Usta art in the Anup mahal, Phool mahal and karan mahal of junagarh fort. USTA ART is a broad term which is the combination of many different form of arts and techniques. In current times most popular form seen is Sunehri Munawwati Nakkashi work which means gold emboss work. This form of this art is performed on walls, ceilings, glass, wood, marble and artifacts made of camel leather also. On all the mentioned surfaces very fine work is performed using best quality metarial. during its origin all the forms of usta art other than paintings were generally seen on walls but during

neg: Art medallion (b. 1913), Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook (b. 1913-2009) worked almost effortlessly keeping the craft alive. Today the hand cast art medallion is alive and well in Europe but staggering in North America save for a few select artists of note. A Renaissance of the art medallion to what it used to be is questionable but those few artists that are practicing the art are making a definite impact on their culture. Art medallion Art medallions are an ancient art form said to have been first introduced by the Romans chiefly to display portrait effigies of noted persons such as kings, queens

neg: National Art Schools (Cuba) first two acts of "Revolution of Forms" was performed at the New York Opera’s VOX series. National Art Schools (Cuba) Tne National Art Schools (Escuelas Nacionales de Arte) of Cuba is one of the most important educational institutions of the Cuban nation and has been declared as "National Monument". Cuba's National Art Schools (Escuelas Nacionales de Arte, now known as the Instituto Superior de Arte) are considered by historians to be among the most outstanding architectural achievements of the Cuban Revolution. These innovative, organic Catalan-vaulted brick and terra-cotta structures were built on the site of a former country club in

neg: Roman sculpture and plain, but some Imperial examples are modeled after Greek practice with elaborate reliefs, most famously the Ara Pacis, which has been called "the most representative work of Augustan art." Small bronze statuettes and ceramic figurines, executed with varying degrees of artistic competence, are plentiful in the archaeological record, particularly in the provinces, and indicate that these were a continual presence in the lives of Romans, whether for votives or for private devotional display at home or in neighborhood shrines. These typically show more regional variation in style than large and more official works, and also stylistic preferences between different

neg: Ivan Efimov 1918, continuing his affiliation with the school when it was replaced by the Higher Art and Technical Studios until 1930. In 1918, he joined his wife in organizing a puppet theater in Moscow and together with her created puppets, costumes and scenery for their mobile theater, which operated until 1943. Some of his most known works were for their productions of Hans Christian Andersen's "The Princess and the Pea" (1918) and Shakespeare's "Macbeth" (1921). They created the first professional puppet theater in Russia and utilized innovative techniques with rods. The pair also worked in shadow theaters using the art of

neg: Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl long series of monographs, for the most part of the highest finish, and rich in ideas which have leavened the scholarship of the time. As a scholar, Ritschl was of the lineage of Bentley, to whom he looked up, like Hermann, with fervent admiration. His best efforts were spent in studying the languages and literatures of Greece and Rome, rather than the life of the Greeks and Romans. He was sometimes, but most unjustly, charged with taking a narrow view of philology. That he keenly appreciated the importance of ancient institutions and ancient art both his published papers and the

neg: Paul Kelpe in perspective. He experienced financial hardship in the 1950s, writing that his circumstances were hopeless, and that he couldn't afford to both pay the rent and purchase food. Kelpe said of his work, "I compose my paintings of form and color, like a musician composes music with rhythm and sound." In light of his musical inclinations, his art has been compared to innovative music of his time, such as Edgard Varèse's chamber music. Kelpe's elaborate abstract painting techniques are reminiscent of those used in Purism and Orphism. The artistic movements which inspired him included Constructivism, Cubism, and Geometric abstraction. Kelpe

neg: King of the Romans him after his death. This elected heir apparent bore the title "King of the Romans". The election was in the same form as that of the senior ruler, and theoretically meant that both men were equal co-rulers of the Empire. In practice, however, the actual administration of the Empire was always managed by the Emperor, with at most certain duties delegated to the heir. The following were subordinate kings to another Holy Roman Emperor (usually, but not always, their father) for the dates specified. When Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, had a son and heir, Napoleon II (181132), he

neg: Latin literature Horace wrote "Epodes", "Odes", "Satires", and "Epistles". The perfection of the "Odes" in content, form, and style has charmed readers for hundreds of years. The "Satires" and "Epistles" discuss ethical and literary problems in an urbane, witty manner. Horace's "Art of Poetry", probably published as a separate work, greatly influenced later poetic theories. It stated the basic rules of classical writing as the Romans understood and used them. After Virgil died, Horace was Rome's leading poet. The Latin elegy reached its highest development in the works of Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid. Most of this poetry is concerned with love. Ovid

neg: Mahmoud Farshchian the master. Farshchian resides in New Jersey. His son Alimorad Farshchian is a doctor. Farshchian is the founder of his own school in Iranian Painting, which adheres to classical form while making use of new techniques to broaden the scope of Iranian painting. He has brought new life to this art form and has freed it from the symbiotic relationship it has historically had with poetry and literature, to give it an independence it had not previously enjoyed. His powerful and innovative paintings are dynamic, expansive and vibrant canvases with an appealing fusion of the traditional and the modern, which

neg: Roman art power and population, and generally less provincial, art in Ancient Rome took on a wider, and sometimes more utilitarian, purpose. Roman culture assimilated many cultures and was for the most part tolerant of the ways of conquered peoples. Roman art was commissioned, displayed, and owned in far greater quantities, and adapted to more uses than in Greek times. Wealthy Romans were more materialistic; they decorated their walls with art, their home with decorative objects, and themselves with fine jewelry. In the Christian era of the late Empire, from 350 to 500 CE, wall painting, mosaic ceiling and floor work, and

neg: Roman funerary art style as the Romans had for the duration of the empire, and decorated them with Christian artwork. Mausolea continued to be a prime means of interring multiple individuals in the Middle Ages. The Mausoleum of Helena in Rome, built by Constantine I for himself, but later used for his mother, remains a traditional form, but the church of Santa Costanza there, built as a mausoleum for Constantine's daughter, was built over an important catacomb where Saint Agnes was buried, and either was always intended, or soon developed as, a funerary hall where burial spots could be bought by Christians. Most

neg: Coffin copies of the design palanquins. Today figurative coffins are of course no more reserved for the traditional Ga and their kings, many families who use figurative coffins are indeed Christians. For them design coffins have no longer a spiritual function, their appeal is more aesthetic, aimed at surprising mourners with strikingly innovative forms like automobiles or aeroplanes, fish or pigs, onions or tomatoes. So the figurative coffins, rather than constituting a new art form as it was long believed, were developed from the figurative palanquins which had existed already a long time. With the resurgence of cremation in the Western

neg: Feminist art Feminist art Feminist art is a category of art associated with the late 1960s and 1970s feminist movement. Feminist art highlights the societal and political differences women and those of other gender identity experience within their lives. The hopeful gain from this form of art is to bring a positive and understanding change to the world, in hope to lead to equality. Media used range from traditional art forms such as painting to more unorthodox methods such as performance art, conceptual art, body art, craftivism, video, film, and fiber art. Feminist art has served as an innovative driving force towards

neg: Illyrian warfare have lived. Illyrian tribes were reluctant to help each other in times of war and even fought amongst each other and they sometimes allied with the neighboring Romans and Greeks: These conflicts happened because of land, pastures and areas of natural substances such as iron and salt. The Romans, before they conquered Illyria, were involved in tribal conflicts and used them to their advantage. The most known incident is the involvement of the Romans in a war between the Dalmatians and the Liburnians over Promona, which in the end were encouraged to take peace. Commonly the Romans were ordered to

neg: Jacques-Eugène Armengaud France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Two popular and influential writers of these works in Britain were Robert Scott Burn and William S. Binns. According to Romans (2005) in this genre "The practical draughtsman's book of industrial design," might have been the most influential publication. Later in the 19th century a whole range of manuals on technical drawings were published. In the United States another notable art educator and author of drawing books was Walter Smith (art educator) (1836 - 1886), who had significant influence of the American industrial art education. Jacques-Eugène Armengaud Jacques-Eugène Armengaud (25 October 1810

neg: Electrofringe screen work on any available surface. Electrolapse BYOB was a two-day event that took place at Pier 2/3 Walsh Bay, as part of Vivid Ideas. 2013 Electrofringe Showcase - Presented at the Hunter St TAFE as part of TiNA, the Showcase brought together 25 of the most exciting and innovative new media and electronic art projects from around Australia and internationally. Exhibiting artists were presented with their artworks, giving audiences the opportunity to explore, experience, interact and provide feedback. 2013 - Electrolapse - A 30-minute collection of new experimental video art which addressed the themes of system failure, manipulation, distortion

neg: TRIO Sarajevo The Independent, The Guardian, Newsweek, The Scotsman, Art Press, Creative Review. TRIO Sarajevo TRIO Sarajevo is a graphic design group based in Sarajevo. Bojan Hadzihalilovic and Dada Hadžihalilović (together with a third artist, Lela Mulabegović Hatt) make up the design group "TRIO Sarajevo". Formed in 1985, originally as a three-person design team composed of graduates from the Sarajevo Academy of fine arts, TRIO were part of the particular Sarajevo generation which was raised on the punk culture and pop-art movements. By the late-1980s TRIO had become one of the busiest and easily the most innovative design company in former Yugoslavia.

neg: David Gussak Murder Cases, released by Columbia University Press. His most recent full length publication is The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy, co-edited by his colleague and friend, Dr. Marcia L. Rosal. It has 84 chapters, written by 90 of the field’s most distinguished and innovative authors from all over the world. The handbook is a collection of the current and innovative clinical, theoretical and research approaches in the field. Along with his books and articles, Gussak was asked by the magazine Psychology Today in 2013 to provide an ongoing blog for its online site. It was then that he created “Art

neg: Roman metallurgy when the Romans colonised Aquileia, a major trading centre between the two nations. By 15 BC, Noricum was officially made a province of the Empire, and the metal trade saw prosperity well into the fifth century AD (Shepard 1993, Healy 1978). Some scholars believe that the art of iron forging was not necessarily created, but well developed in this area and it was the population of Noricum which reminded Romans of the usefulness of iron (Aitchison, 1960). For example, of the three forms of iron (wrought iron, steel, and soft), the forms which were exported were of the wrought iron

neg: Battle of the Trebia Battle of the Trebia The Battle of the Trebia (or Trebbia) was the first major battle of the Second Punic War, fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in December of 218 BC, on or around the winter solstice. It was a resounding Roman defeat with heavy losses, with only about 10,000 out of 40,000 Romans surviving and retreating to Placentia (Piacenza). In this battle, Hannibal got the better of the Romans by exercising the careful and innovative planning for which he was famous. The impetuous and short-sighted opposing general, the consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus, allowed

neg: Spoudaiogeloion of your feast, let me, victorious, win the victor's wreath.) The word was first coined in the Old Comedy period. Spoudaiogeloion was often used in satirical poems or folktales, which were funny, but had a serious, often ethical, theme. The serio-comic style became a rhetorical mainstay of the Cynics, and the Romans gave it its own genre in the form of satire, contributed to most notably by the poets Horace and Juvenal. It was the most common tone of the works made by Menippus and Meleager of Gadara. Spoudaiogeloion Spoudaiogeloion () denotes the mixture of serious and comical elements stylistically.

neg: Etruscan art painting, which sprung from its Greek equivalent; the Etruscans were the main export market for Greek vases. Etruscan temples were heavily decorated with colourfully painted terracotta antefixes and other fittings, which survive in large numbers where the wooden superstructure has vanished. Etruscan art was strongly connected to religion; the afterlife was of major importance in Etruscan art. The Etruscans emerged from the preceding Villanovan culture. Due to the proximity and/or commercial contact to Etruria, other ancient cultures influenced Etruscan art, such as Greece, Phoenicia, Egypt, Assyria and the Middle East. The Romans would later come to absorb the Etruscan culture

neg: Ancient Roman architecture for defense. To reduce travel times, two diagonal streets crossed the square grid, passing through the central square. A river usually flowed through the city, providing water, transport, and sewage disposal. Hundreds of towns and cities were built by the Romans throughout their empire. Many European towns, such as Turin, preserve the remains of these schemes, which show the very logical way the Romans designed their cities. They would lay out the streets at right angles, in the form of a square grid. All roads were equal in width and length, except for two, which were slightly wider than the

neg: Hermes and son of Apollo, which bears only one snake. The rod of Asclepius was adopted by most Western doctors as a badge of their profession, but in several medical organizations of the United States, the caduceus took its place since the 18th century, although this use is declining. After the Renaissance the caduceus also appeared in the heraldic crests of several, and currently is a symbol of commerce. His sandals, called "pédila" by the Greeks and "talaria" by the Romans, were made of palm and myrtle branches but were described as beautiful, golden and immortal, made a sublime art, able

neg: States of Friesland the States were not in session (which was most of the time). The States of Friesland were abolished after the Batavian Revolution of 1795, when the Batavian Republic was founded. They were resurrected in name (but not in substance) in the form of the Provincial States of Friesland under the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. After the Lordship of Frisia (formerly enjoying Imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire, but given as a fief to the father of George, Duke of Saxony in 1498 by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, then still King of the Romans, and sold

neg: Turfing American lives, police brutality, and race relations in Oakland. This form of expression uniquely addresses African American deaths, while using art to create a politicized awareness of brutality against people of color. It is also seen as a means to humanize blackness, spread community, empathy, and peace in the same streets black lives were taken. Apart from being a unique hood dance form, turfing represents a collective movement, and is part of the street culture in the East Bay. Turf dancing was first displayed on videos from artists such as Baby Bash, Keak Da Sneak, and E-40 by innovative and

neg: Shakir Hassan Al Said and Sharjah Art Museum. Select list of paintings Select list of publications Sole-authored Collaborative works Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said () (1925–2004), an Iraqi painter, sculptor and writer, is considered one of Iraq's most innovative and influential artists. An artist, philosopher, art critic and art historian, he was actively involved in the formation of two important art groups that influenced the direction of post-colonial art in Iraq. He, and the art groups in which he was involved, shaped the modern Iraqi art movement and bridged the gap between modernity and heritage. His theories charted a new Arabic

neg: Sound sculpture form and beauty with magical, musical sounds through participatory experience." Also listed under Sound sculpture Sound sculpture (related to sound art and sound installation) is an intermedia and time based art form in which sculpture or any kind of art object produces sound, or the reverse (in the sense that sound is manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass). Most often sound sculpture artists were primarily either visual artists or composers, not having started out directly making sound sculpture. Cymatics and kinetic art have influenced sound sculpture. Sound sculpture is

neg: Ta' Ċieda Tower invading the native Punic civilisation. Despite these plausible arguments it is also argued that the tower may have been built by the Punic people and then embellished by the Romans. From the findings it is also suggested that the Romans may have built it in the form of a folly to overlook the plantation of the olive trees which originate in the area since Roman times. Even if so it is not clearly known as no Roman villas were ever recorded to exist in the area, but Romans did rule the islands for a long period. For instance Roman villas

neg: Genesis P-Orridge stop to the event, deeming it obscene. In September 1974, COUM were invited to attend the Stadfest in Rottweil, West Germany, and they proceeded with a travel grant from the British Council. There, they published two performance art actions in the street, earning them praise from Bridget Riley and Ernst Jandl, both of whom were present. The acclaim that COUM received at Rottweil established the group's reputation as "one of the most innovative performance art groups then on the London art scene", convincing the Arts Council and British Council to take them more seriously and offer them greater support. In

neg: Vault (architecture) domes being the fact that the arches carrying them form part of the pendentives, which are all built in horizontal courses. The intersecting and groined vault of the Romans was employed in the early Christian churches in Rome, but only over the aisles, which were comparatively of small span, but in these there was a tendency to raise the centres of these vaults, which became slightly domical; in all these cases centering was employed. One of the most interesting examples of the fan vault is that over the staircase leading to the hall of Christ Church, Oxford, and here the

neg: Aquitaine in the Périgord, but the earliest attested inhabitants in the south-west were the Aquitani, who were not proper Celtic people, but more akin to the Iberians (see Gallia Aquitania). Although a number of different languages and dialects were in use in the area during ancient times, it is most likely that the prevailing language of Aquitaine during the late pre-historic to Roman period was an early form of the Basque language. This has been demonstrated by various Aquitanian names and words that were recorded by the Romans, and which are currently easily readable as Basque. Whether this Aquitanian language (Proto-Basque)

neg: Guru Gopinath some innovative changes to make a new style of dancing from this ancient dance form known as 'Oriental dance', 'Kathakali Natanam' and later 'Kerala Natanam' (Keralanatanam), without sacrificing its essence and classicism. Kerala Natanam can be called a stylised form of Kathakali. Guru Gopinath developed his own style that was appealing to the masses who were then devoid of art and dance, without compromising on the classical background. He never tried to reform Kathakali and to tamper with the originality and purity it possessed. He was instrumental to bring Kathakali out from the courtyards of upper class Brahmins and rajas