query: what means in front of when using anatomical directional terms

pos: Anatomical terms of location the most inferior is the feet. As a second example, in humans the neck is superior to the chest but inferior to the head. Anterior refers to what is in front (, meaning "before") and posterior, what is to the back of the subject (, meaning "after"). For example, in a dog the nose is anterior to the eyes and the tail is considered the most posterior part; in many fish the gill openings are posterior to the eyes, but anterior to the tail. Lateral () refers to the sides of an animal, as in "left lateral" and "right lateral".

pos: Standard anatomical position of the limbs (and the arms in particular) have important implications for directional terms in those appendages. The penis in the anatomical position is described in its erect position and therefore lies against the abdomen, hence the dorsal surface of the penis is actually anterior when the penis is pointing down between the legs. In humans, the anatomical position of the skull has been agreed by international convention to be the Frankfurt plane or Frankfort plane, a position in which the lower margins of the orbits, the orbitales, and the upper margins of the ear canals, the poria, all lie

pos: Anatomical terms of location part of an appendage nearest to where it joins the body, and distal, literally meaning "standing away from" is used for the part furthest from the point of attachment. In all cases, the usage of terms is dependent on the body plan of the organism. For example, especially in organisms without distinct heads for reasons of broader applicability, "anterior" is usually preferred. As humans are approximately bilaterally symmetrical organisms, anatomical descriptions usually use the same terms as those for vertebrates and other members of the taxonomic group Bilateria. However, for historical and other reasons, standard human directional terminology has several

pos: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy many purposes of anatomical description, positions and directions are relative to the standard anatomical planes and axes. Such reference to the anatomical planes and axes is called the stereotactic approach. Standard terms used throughout anatomy include "anterior / posterior" for the front and back of a structure, "superior / inferior" for above and below, "medial / lateral" for structures close to and away from the midline respectively, and "proximal / distal" for structures close to and far away from a set point. Some terms are used more commonly in neuroanatomy, particularly: Standard anatomical planes and anatomical axes are used to

pos: Anatomical terms of location usage, but often attached arbitrarily according to need or convenience. Prefixes Suffixes Commonly when, for example, one anatomical feature is nearer to something than another, one may use an expression such as "nearer the distal end" or "distal to". However, an unambiguous and concise convention is to use the Latin suffix "-ad", meaning "towards", or sometimes "to". So for example, ""distad"" means "in the distal direction", and "distad of the femur" means "beyond the femur in the distal direction". The suffix may be used very widely, as in the following examples: anteriad (towards the anterior), apicad (towards the apex), basad

pos: Anatomical terms of location the most inferior is the feet. As a second example, in humans the neck is superior to the chest but inferior to the head. Anterior refers to what is in front (, meaning "before") and posterior, what is to the back of the subject (, meaning "after"). For example, in a dog the nose is anterior to the eyes and the tail is considered the most posterior part; in many fish the gill openings are posterior to the eyes, but anterior to the tail. Lateral () refers to the sides of an animal, as in "left lateral" and "right lateral".

pos: Anatomical terms of location differences from that used for other bilaterally symmetrical organisms. The terms of zootomy and anatomy came into use at a time when all scientific communication took place in Latin. In their original Latin forms the respective meanings of "anterior" and "posterior" are "in front of" (or "before") and "behind" (or "after"), those of "dorsal" and "ventral" are "toward the spine" and "toward the belly", and those of "superior" and "inferior" are "above" and "below". Humans, however, have the rare property of having an upright torso. This makes their anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral directions the same, and the inferior/superior directions necessary. Most

pos: Anatomical terms of location venous arch is so named because it is on the dorsal side of the foot. Volar can also be used to refer to the underside of the palm or sole, which are themselves also sometimes used to describe location as "palmar" and "plantar". For example, volar pads are those on the underside of hands, fingers, feet, and toes. These terms are used to avoid confusion when describing the median surface of the hand and what is the "anterior" or "posterior" surface "anterior" can be used to describe the palm of the hand, and "posterior" can be used to describe the

pos: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy as well: the anterior white commissure. A "decussation" is where nerve fibers cross from one side of the brain to the other. Specific terms are used to represent the gross anatomy of the brain: A "gyrus" is an outward folding of the brain, for example the precentral gyrus. A "sulcus" is an inward fold, or valley in the brain's surface - for example the central sulcus. Additional terms used to describe these may include: A "fissure is used to describe: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy This article describes anatomical terminology that is used to describe the central and peripheral nervous systems

pos: Anatomical terms of motion extension (dorsiflexion) of the hand at the wrist. These terms refer to flexion between the hand and the body's "dorsal" surface, which in anatomical position is considered the back of the arm; and flexion between the hand and the body's "palmar" surface, which in anatomical position is considered the anterior side of the arm. The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions. "Palmarflexion" refers to decreasing the angle between the palm and the anterior forearm. "Dorsiflexion" refers to extension at the ankle or wrist joint. This brings

pos: Anatomical terms of location head from") the shoulders in the armadillo, the dog, the kangaroo, or any other terrestrial vertebrate, including the human. Likewise, while the belly is considered "anterior" to (in front of) the back in humans, this terminology fails for the flounder, the armadillo, and the dog. In veterinary terms, the belly would be "ventral" ("toward the abdomen") in all vertebrates. While it would be possible to introduce a system of axes that is completely consistent between humans and other vertebrates by having two separate pairs of axes, one used exclusively for the head (e.g., anterior/posterior and inferior/superior) and the other exclusively

neg: Anatomical terms of location as well, in particular, rotation around any of those three axes. Anteversion and retroversion are complementary anatomical terms of location, describing the degree to which an anatomical structure is rotated forwards (towards the front of the body) or backwards (towards the back of the body) respectively, relative to some datum position. The terms also describe the positioning of surgical implants, such as in arthroplasty. Several other terms are also used to describe location. These terms are not used to form the fixed axes. Terms include: Directional and locational prefixes can modify many anatomical and morphological terms, sometimes in formally standard

neg: Anatomical terminology and thumbs facing outwards. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body "map," or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward. Using the standard anatomical position reduces confusion. It means that regardless of the position of a body, the position of structures within it can be described without ambiguity. In terms of anatomy, the body is divided into regions. In the front, the trunk is

neg: Anatomical terms of location to describe structures include "buccal" () and "palatal" () referring to structures close to the cheek and hard palate respectively. Several anatomical terms are particular to the hands and feet. For improved clarity, the directional term palmar () is usually used to describe the front of the hand, and dorsal is the back of the hand. For example, the top of a dog's paw is its dorsal surface; the underside, either the palmar (on the forelimb) or the plantar (on the hindlimb) surface. The palmar fascia is palmar to the tendons of muscles which flex the fingers, and the dorsal

neg: Anatomical terms of location Anatomical terms of location Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans. All vertebrates (including humans) have the same basic body plan they are strictly bilaterally symmetrical in early embryonic stages and largely bilaterally symmetrical in adulthood. That is, they have mirror-image left and right halves if divided down the middle. For these reasons, the basic directional terms can be considered to be those used in vertebrates. By extension, the same terms are used for many other (invertebrate) organisms as well. While these terms are standardized within specific fields of biology, there are unavoidable,

neg: Anatomical terms of location the posterior row. In some species the curve is so gross that the eyes apparently are arranged into two anteroposterior parallel rows of eyes. Categories: Anatomical terms of location Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans. All vertebrates (including humans) have the same basic body plan they are strictly bilaterally symmetrical in early embryonic stages and largely bilaterally symmetrical in adulthood. That is, they have mirror-image left and right halves if divided down the middle. For these reasons, the basic directional terms can be considered to be those used in vertebrates. By extension,

neg: Anatomical terms of location (towards the basal end), caudad, centrad, cephalad (towards the cephalic end), craniad, dextrad, dextrocaudad, dextrocephalad, distad, dorsad, ectad (towards the ectal, or exterior, direction), entad (towards the interior), laterad, mediad, mesad, neurad, orad, posteriad, proximad, rostrad, sinistrad, sinistrocaudad, sinistrocephalad, ventrad"." The large variety of body shapes present in invertebrates presents a difficult problem when attempting to apply standard directional terms. Depending on the organism, some terms are taken by analogy from vertebrate anatomy, and appropriate novel terms are applied as needed. Some such borrowed terms are widely applicable in most invertebrates; for example proximal, literally meaning "near" refers to the

neg: Anatomical terms of location for the torso (e.g., dorsal/ventral and caudal/rostral, or "toward the tail"/"toward the beak"), doing so would require the renaming of many anatomical structures. In organisms with a changeable shape, such as amoeboid organisms, most directional terms are meaningless, since the shape of the organism is not constant and no distinct axes are fixed. Similarly, in spherically symmetrical organisms, there is nothing to distinguish one line through the centre of the organism from any other. An indefinite number of triads of mutually perpendicular axes could be defined, but any such choice of axes would be useless, as nothing would distinguish a

neg: Anatomical terms of motion eye. For example: Other terms include: Anatomical terms of motion Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joints. Anatomists use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing the uniqueness of the movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs

neg: Anatomical terms of location same terms are used for location. To avoid ambiguities this terminology is based on the anatomy of each animal in a standard way. For humans, one type of vertebrate, anatomical terms may differ from other forms of vertebrates. For one reason, this is because humans have a different neuraxis and, unlike animals that rest on four limbs, humans are considered when describing anatomy as being in the standard anatomical position. Thus what is on "top" of a human is the head, whereas the "top" of a dog may be its back, and the "top" of a flounder could refer to

neg: Anatomical terms of motion Anatomical terms of motion Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joints. Anatomists use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing the uniqueness of the movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. "Flexion" and "extension" are examples

neg: Anatomical terms of location the x, y, and z axes familiar from three-dimensional geometry. The terms "intermediate", "ipsilateral", "contralateral", "superficial", and "deep", while indicating directions, are relative terms and thus do not properly define fixed anatomical axes. Also, while the "rostrocaudal" and anteroposterior directionality are equivalent in a significant portion of the human body, they are different directions in other parts of the body. In anatomical terminology superior () is used to refer to what is above something, and inferior () to what is below it. For example, in the anatomical position the most superior part of the human body is the head, and

neg: Supine position Supine position The supine position ( or ) means lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down. When used in surgical procedures, it allows access to the peritoneal, thoracic and pericardial regions; as well as the head, neck and extremities. Using anatomical terms of location, the dorsal side is down, and the ventral side is up, when supine. In scientific literature "semi-supine" commonly refers to positions where the upper body is tilted (at 45° or variations) and not completely horizontal. The decline in death due to sudden infant death

neg: Pivot joint in rotating an arm inward). When rotating the forearm, these movements are typically called pronation and supination. In the standard anatomical position, the forearms are supinated, which means that the palms are facing forward, and the thumbs are pointing away from the body. In contrast, a forearm in pronation would have the palm facing backward and the thumb would be closer to the body, pointing medially. Examples of a pivot joint include: In contrast, spherical joints (or ball and socket joints) such as the hip joint permit rotation and all other directional movement, while pivot joints only permit rotation. Pivot

neg: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy humans and other species are assumed when described to be in "standard anatomical position", with the body standing erect and facing observer, arms at sides, palms forward. Anatomical terms of location depend on the location and species that is being described. To understand the terms used for anatomical localisation, consider an animal with a straight CNS, such as a fish or lizard. In such animals the terms "rostral", "caudal", "ventral" and "dorsal" mean respectively towards the rostrum, towards the tail, towards the belly and towards the back. For a full discussion of those terms, see anatomical terms of location. For

neg: WION Tax" proposal of 2013 by the House Ways and Means Committee which could remove the ability for businesses to legally deduct advertising as a legitimate business expense. WION WION (1430 AM, "I-1430") is a radio station broadcasting what the radio-industry terms "full service" (a mix of locally programmed Music, News, and Sports) format to the Ionia, Michigan area. The completion of an FCC construction permit project in 2009 provided an upgrade in which the daytime coverage was switched from a Directional pattern to the North, to a Non-directional signal, thus providing better signal for a larger stretch of I-96 and

neg: Anatomical terms of location chosen triad from any others. In such organisms, only terms such as "superficial" and "deep", or sometimes "proximal" and "distal", are usefully descriptive. In organisms that maintain a constant shape and have one dimension longer than the other, at least two directional terms can be used. The "long" or "longitudinal axis" is defined by points at the opposite ends of the organism. Similarly, a perpendicular "transverse axis" can be defined by points on opposite sides of the organism. There is typically no basis for the definition of a third axis. Usually such organisms are planktonic (free-swimming) protists, and are nearly

neg: Directional boring Directional boring Directional Boring, often undifferentiated from Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground bore path by using a surface-launched drilling rig. With respect to the pipeline/utility industry, the term "Directional Boring" or "Bore" is generally reserved for mini/small sized drilling rigs, small diameter bores, and crossing lengths in terms of hundreds of feet. Generally, the term Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is intended to describe large/maxi sized drilling rigs, large diameter bores, and crossing lengths in terms of thousand

neg: Anatomical terminology is often used in the arms, in part to reduce ambiguity as to what the "front", "back", "inner" and "outer" surfaces are. For this reason, the terms below are used: Other terms are also used to describe the movement and actions of the hands and feet, and other structures such as the eye. International morphological terminology is used by the colleges of medicine and dentistry and other areas of the health sciences. It facilitates communication and exchanges between scientists from different countries of the world and it is used daily in the fields of research, teaching and medical care. The

neg: Bi-directional hypothesis of language and action the theory of cognitive circuits. This theory proposes that there are functional units of neurons in the brain that are strongly connected, and act coherently as a functional unit during cognitive tasks. These functional units of neurons, or "thought circuits," have been referred to as the "building blocks of cognition". Thought circuits are believed to have been originally formed from basic anatomical connections, that were strengthened with correlated activity through Hebbian learning and plasticity. Formation of these neural networks has been demonstrated with computational models using known anatomical connections and Hebbian learning principles. For example, sensory stimulation through interaction with

neg: Anatomical terms of location its standard anatomical position. All descriptions are with respect to the organism in its standard anatomical position, even when the organism in question has appendages in another position. This helps avoid confusion in terminology when referring to the same organism in different postures. In humans, this refers to the body in a standing position with arms at the side and palms facing forward (thumbs out). While the universal vertebrate terminology used in veterinary medicine would work in human medicine, the human terms are thought to be too well established to be worth changing. Many anatomical terms can be combined, either

neg: Muscles of the hip the tibia/fibula, have a large moment assisting with hip extension. Movements of the hip occur because multiple muscles activate at once. Most muscles are also responsible for more than one type of movement. Movements of the hip are described in anatomical terminology using anatomical terms of motion. The movement that brings the thighs close to the abdomen is called "flexion". When the legs open, such as in the lotus posture of yoga, this is called "lateral rotation", with the opposite movement called "medial rotation". Hip abduction occurs when the femur moves outward to the side, as in taking the thighs

neg: MOGUL framework description. The auditory module (translated into cortical terms) involves several brain regions distributed across the supratemporal plane; activation in MOGUL terms (when translated into neurological terms) may involve both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. By the same token, functional auditory structure (as described within the MOGUL framework) must be distinguished from anatomical and physiological auditory structure. An important portion of the MOGUL account is devoted to the claim that the acquired (and atrophied, or lost) linguistic structures are natural byproducts of online processing. This means that acquisitional mechanisms do not exist as such, but are embodied in the operations of the

neg: Anatomical terms of muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure. There are three types of muscle tissue in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal striated muscle, or "voluntary muscle", primarily joins to bone with tendons. Skeletal muscle enables movement of the bones of the human skeleton and maintains posture. Smooth muscle tissue is found in parts of the body where it conveys action without conscious intent. The majority of this type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive and urinary systems where it acts by propelling forward food, chyme, and

neg: Anatomical terms of muscle This may be a bone, a tendon or the subcutaneous dermal connective tissue. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. The insertion is a bone that tends to be distal, have less mass, and greater motion than the origin during a contraction. Muscles may also be described by the direction that the muscle fibres run in. Hypertrophy is increase in muscle size from an increase in size of individual muscle cells. This usually occurs as a result of exercise. Anatomical terms of muscle Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure. There

neg: Anatomical terms of bone Anatomical terms of bone Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are often derived from Greek and Latin. A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms (humerus, ulna, radius) and legs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and toes (metatarsals, phalanges). Long bones function as levers; they move when muscles contract. They are responsible for the body's height. A short

neg: Anatomical plane the telencephalon, there is the obvious difficulty that there is a pair of telencephalic vesicles, so that a bifid axis is actually implied in these outdated versions. Some of these terms come from Latin. "Sagittal" means "like an arrow", a reference to the position of the spine that naturally divides the body into right and left equal halves, the exact meaning of the term "midsagittal", or to the shape of the sagittal suture, which defines the sagittal plane and is shaped like an arrow. Anatomical plane An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the human body, in

neg: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy means "in the direction away from the spinal cord i.e. in the direction of the roof of the cranial cavity". "Ventral" means downwards towards floor of the cranial cavity and thence to the body. They lie on the "superior-inferior" or "Dorsoventral axis". The third axis passes through the ears, and is called the "left-right", or "lateral axis". These three axes of the human brain match the three planes within which they lie, even though the terms for the planes have not been changed from the terms for the bodily planes. The most commonly used reference planes are: Specific terms are

neg: Microphone "Figure 8" or bi-directional microphones receive sound equally from both the front and back of the element. Most ribbon microphones are of this pattern. In principle they do not respond to sound pressure at all, only to the "change" in pressure between front and back; since sound arriving from the side reaches front and back equally there is no difference in pressure and therefore no sensitivity to sound from that direction. In more mathematical terms, while omnidirectional microphones are scalar transducers responding to pressure from any direction, bi-directional microphones are vector transducers responding to the gradient along an axis normal

neg: Standard anatomical position Standard anatomical position Because animals can change orientation with respect to their environment, and because appendages (arms, legs, tentacles, "etc.") can change position with respect to the main body, it is important that anatomical terms of location refer to the organism when it is in its standard anatomical position. Thus, "all descriptions are with respect to the organism in its standard anatomical position", even when the organism in question has appendages in another position. However, a straight position is assumed when describing the proximo-distal axis. This helps avoid confusion in terminology when referring to the same organism in different postures.

neg: Standard anatomical position Frankfurt plane with the mandibular plane. For dogs, the standard anatomical position is having the abdomen ventral by each paw standing on the supporting surface. Standard anatomical position Because animals can change orientation with respect to their environment, and because appendages (arms, legs, tentacles, "etc.") can change position with respect to the main body, it is important that anatomical terms of location refer to the organism when it is in its standard anatomical position. Thus, "all descriptions are with respect to the organism in its standard anatomical position", even when the organism in question has appendages in another position. However,

neg: Anatomical terminology Neuroanatomica. Recently, the Terminologia Anatomica has been perceived with a considerable criticism regarding its content including coverage, grammar and spelling mistakes, inconsistencies, and errors. Anatomical terminology is often chosen to highlight the relative location of body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. Anatomical terms used to describe location are based on a body positioned in what is called the "standard anatomical position". This position is one in which a person is standing, feet apace, with palms forward

neg: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy describe structures in animals. In humans and most other primates the axis of the central nervous system is not straight, but bent. This means that there are certain major differences that reflect the distortion of the brains of the Hominidae. For example, to describe the human brain, "rostral" still means "towards the face", or at any rate, the interior of the cranial cavity just behind the face. However, in the brain "caudal" means not "towards the tail", but "towards the back of the cranial cavity". Alternative terms for this "rostro-caudal" axis of the brain include "medial" or "antero-posterior" axis. "Dorsal"

neg: Ehresmann connection which takes the directional derivative of a section of a vector bundle in a covariant manner. It also allows one to formulate a notion of a parallel section of a bundle in the direction of a vector: a section "s" is parallel along a vector "X" if ∇"s" = 0. So a covariant derivative provides at least two things: a differential operator, "and" a notion of what it means to be parallel in each direction. An Ehresmann connection drops the differential operator completely and defines a connection axiomatically in terms of the sections parallel in each direction . Specifically, an

neg: Herophilos anatomical phenomena. He was among the first to introduce the notion of conventional terminology, as opposed to use of "natural names", using terms he created to describe the objects of study, naming them for the first time. A confluence of sinuses in the skull was originally named "torcular Herophili" after him. Torcular is a Latin translation of Herophilos' label, "ληνός - lenos", 'wine vat' or 'wine press'. He also named the duodenum, which is part of the small intestine. Herophilos also introduced many of the scientific terms used to this day to describe anatomical phenomena. He was among the first

neg: Anatomical terms of location the subcutis. These two terms, used in anatomy and embryology, refer to back ("dorsal") and front or belly ("ventral") of an organism. The dorsal () surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. The ventral () surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism. For example, in a fish the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin. Specific terms exist to describe how close or far something is to the head or tail

neg: FeedSync the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (version 2.5) and the Microsoft Open Specification Promise. The scope of FeedSync for Atom and RSS is to define the minimum extensions necessary to enable loosely cooperating applications to use Atom and RSS feeds as the basis for item sharing – that is, the bi-directional, asynchronous synchronization of new and changed items amongst two or more cross-subscribed feeds. Note that while much of FeedSync is currently defined in terms of Atom and RSS feeds, at its core what FeedSync strictly requires is: This means that FeedSync can be implemented by almost any programming language have

neg: Central limit theorem for directional statistics approaches infinity. It is desired to state the limiting bivariate distribution in terms of the moments of the distribution. Using multiple angle trigonometric identities It follows that: The covariance matrix is now expressed in terms of the moments of the circular distribution. The central limit theorem may also be expressed in terms of the polar components of the mean. If formula_30 is the probability of finding the mean in area element formula_31, then that probability may also be written formula_32. Central limit theorem for directional statistics In probability theory, the central limit theorem states conditions under which the average of

neg: Mass surveillance in the United States RADON, a bi-directional host tap that can inject Ethernet packets onto the same target. It allows bi-directional exploitation of Denied networks using standard on-net tools. The one limitation of RADON is that it is a USB device that requires a physical connection to a laptop or PC to work. RADON was created by a Massachusetts firm called Netragard. Their founder, Adriel Desautels, said about RADON, "it is our 'safe' malware. RADON is designed to enable us to infect customer systems in a safe and controllable manner. Safe means that every strand is built with an expiration date that, when reached,

neg: Anatomical terminology nasus (nose), oris (mouth), and mentum (chin). The neck area is called the cervix or cervical region. Examples of structures named according to this include the frontalis muscle, submental lymph nodes, buccal membrane and orbicularis oculi muscle. Sometimes, unique terminology is used to reduce confusion in different parts of the body. For example, different terms are used when it comes to the skull in compliance with its embryonic origin and its tilted position compared to in other animals. Here, "Rostral" refers to proximity to the front of the nose, and is particularly used when describing the skull. Similarly, different terminology

neg: Transsexual as "transsexed" individuals; however, the term "transsexed" is not to be confused with the term "transsexual", which can also refer to individuals who have not yet undergone SRS, and whose anatomical sex (still) does not match their psychological sense of personal gender identity. The terms "gender dysphoria" and "gender identity disorder" were not used until the 1970s, when Laub and Fisk published several works on transsexualism using these terms. "Transsexualism" was replaced in the DSM-IV by "gender identity disorder in adolescents and adults". Male-to-female transsexualism has sometimes been called "Harry Benjamin's syndrome" after the endocrinologist who pioneered the study of

neg: Anatomical terminology Anatomical terminology Anatomical terminology is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors. Anatomical terminology uses many unique terms, suffixes, and prefixes deriving from Ancient Greek and Latin. These terms can be confusing to those unfamiliar with them, but can be more precise, reducing ambiguity and errors. Also, since these anatomical terms are not used in everyday conversation, their meanings are less likely to change, and less likely to be misinterpreted. To illustrate how inexact day-to-day language can be: a scar "above the wrist" could be located on the forearm two or three

neg: Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy This article describes anatomical terminology that is used to describe the central and peripheral nervous systems - including the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, and nerves. Neuroanatomy, like other aspects of anatomy, uses specific terminology to describe anatomical structures. This terminology helps ensure that a structure is described accurately, with minimal ambiguity. Terms also help ensure that structures are described consistently, depending on their structure or function. Terms are often derived from Latin and Greek, and like other areas of anatomy are generally standardised based on internationally accepted lexicons such as Terminologia Anatomica. To help with consistency,

neg: Multirate filter bank and multidimensional directional filter banks use of properties of decimation and interpolation (or expansion) in the design implementation of the filter. Decimation or downsampling by a factor of formula_1 essentially means keeping every formula_2 sample of a given sequence. Generally speaking, using decimation is very common in multirate filter designs. In the second step, after using decimation, interpolation will be used to restore the sampling rate. The advantage of using decimators and interpolator is that they can reduce the computations when resulting in a lower sampling rate. Decimation by a factor of formula_1 can be mathematically defined as: formula_4 or equivalently, formula_5. Expansion or upsampling

neg: Futurism foreground, which workmen struggle to control. His "States of Mind", in three large panels, "The Farewell", "Those who Go", and "Those Who Stay", "made his first great statement of Futurist painting, bringing his interests in Bergson, Cubism and the individual's complex experience of the modern world together in what has been described as one of the 'minor masterpieces' of early twentieth century painting." The work attempts to convey feelings and sensations experienced in time, using new means of expression, including "lines of force", which were intended to convey the directional tendencies of objects through space, "simultaneity", which combined memories, present

neg: Hanok 1907, the terms that Hanok appeared on the history for the first time. In that paper, Hanok was figure out the specific region where Jeong-dongroad, from Donuimun to Baejae school. At that time, instead of using Hanok, terms like 'Jooga'(It means living houses), 'Jaetaek'(It means all kinds of house) were used widespread. So 'Hanok' was only used special circumstance when latest house was built in somewhere. When era of Korea under Japanese rule, the ruler used terms such as 'Jooga' or 'Joseon House' when they were talking about house improvement. There was a record about hanok, however the specific terms

neg: Geometric calculus of basis vectors formula_2 and consider the operators, noted formula_3, that perform directional derivatives in the directions of formula_4: Then, using the Einstein summation notation, consider the operator: which means or, more verbosely: It can be shown that this operator is independent of the choice of frame, and can thus be used to define the "geometric derivative": This is similar to the usual definition of the gradient, but it, too, extends to functions that are not necessarily scalar-valued. It can be shown that the directional derivative is linear regarding its direction, that is: From this follows that the directional derivative

neg: Hamulus Hamulus Hamus, hamulus, and words derived from them are morphological or anatomical terms in various branches of biology. They describe structures functioning as, or in the form of, hooks or hooklets. The terms are directly from Latin, in which "hamus" means "hook". The plural is "hami". "Hamulus" is the diminutive – hooklet or little hook. The plural is "hamuli". Adjectives are "hamate" and "hamulate", as in "hamulate wing-coupling", in which the wings of certain insects in flight are joined by hooking hamuli on one wing, into folds on a matching wing. "Hamulate" can also mean "having hamuli". The terms "hamose",

neg: Blumlein pair This meant that he had to develop ways of using omnidirectional microphones to record what we now know as stereo sound. In the claims he made in his U.K. patent application in 1931, as well as details of these techniques, he included the theoretical possibility of using directional microphones in what later became known as a Blumlein pair. During the period when Blumlein's patent (British Patent 394325) was being written, Harry F. Olson published a patent for the first practical ribbon microphone, and much of the later experimental work was carried out with this type of microphone It is unclear

neg: Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing its technology, in exchange for the assurance that it will receive adequate compensation in reasonable royalties. In 2013, court decisions and scholarly articles cited FRAND commitments 10 times more often than in 2003. While there are no legal precedents to spell out specifically what the actual terms mean, it can be interpreted from the testimony of people like Professor Mark Lemley from Stanford University, in front of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary that the individual terms are defined as follows: Fair relates mainly to the underlying licensing terms. Drawing from anti-trust/competition law; fair terms means terms which

neg: KNX (AM) in what is now a residential area to the south of the main antenna. Non-directional Class A stations are, with very few exceptions, required to have emergency antennas as these stations serve as regional EAS stations. The 365-foot tower now serves as KNX's emergency antenna. It was later relocated when much of the site was dedicated as a park in Torrance; it is now north of the main antenna, within the park. Only one antenna is active at a time. An experiment in the late 1960s using both antennas in a directional setup during the daytime was abandoned. The 494-foot

neg: Indeterminacy in concurrent computation deductive mathematical logic could escape the limitation. This became important later when researchers attempted to extend Prolog (which had some basis in logic programming) to concurrent computation using message passing. (See the section below). What does the mathematical theory of Actors have to say about this? A "closed" system is defined to be one which does not communicate with the outside. Actor model theory provides the means to characterize all the possible computations of a closed Actor system using the Representation Theorem [Hewitt 2007] as follows: In this way, the behavior of can be mathematically characterized in terms of all

neg: Glossary of dentistry Glossary of dentistry This is a list of commonly used terms of location and direction in dentistry. This set of terms provides orientation within the oral cavity, much as anatomical terms of location provide orientation throughout the body. Most of the principal terms can be combined using their corresponding combining forms (such as "mesio-" for "mesial" and "disto-" for "distal"). They provide names for directions (vectors) and axes; for example, the coronoapical axis is the long axis of a tooth. Such combining yields terms such as those in the following list. The abbreviations should be used only in restricted contexts,

neg: Quickshifter bi-directional quickshifter means that the quickshifter works on both directions of gearshift - upshifts and downshifts. Most quickshifters are bidirectional, so the term quickshifter is usually alone sufficient. However, exceptions are present such as 2016 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R and 2015 H2/R's "KQS" quickshifters which are "mono-directional" and only work on upshifts. Their primary aim is usually to achieve better acceleration by reducing the time interval between gearshifts during acceleration which results in continuous and smoother power delivery to the wheels. Examples of performance oriented motorcycles using bi-directional quickshifter are BMW S1000RR and S1000R, 2017 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R and H2/R, Suzuki

neg: Anatomical terms of bone to the head is known as the "base". The cortex of a bone is used to refer to its outer layers, and medulla used to refer to the inner surface of the bone. Red marrow, in which blood is formed is present in spongy bone as well as in the medullary cavity, while the fatty yellow marrow is present primarily in the medullary cavity. "This Wikipedia entry incorporates text from the freely licensed Connexions edition of Anatomy & Physiology text-book by OpenStax College" Anatomical terms of bone Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are

neg: Pingelapese language are not limited to motion verbs. When added to non-motion verbs, their meanings are a figurative one. The following table gives some examples of directional suffixes and their possible meanings. Preverbal prefix list: The Pingelapese language uses reduplication and triplication. Reduplication is used to show that a verb is being acted continuously. An example of this would be ("to bark" means "wou") and ("barking" Means "wouwou"). Triplication shows that the action is "still" happening. Using the same example ("wou-wou-wou" would mean "still barking"). Oftentimes with reduplication and triplication produce consonant clusters. There are two outcomes for the way the language

neg: Subjective theory of value disagreed saying, "The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of [society's] evil... The owner of the means of production is in a position to purchase the labor power of the worker. By using the means of production, the worker produces new goods which become the property of the capitalist. The essential point about this process is the relation between what the worker produces and what he is paid, both measured in terms of real value. In so far as the labor contract is "free," what the worker receives is determined

neg: Anatomical terms of location of an animal. To describe how close to the head of an animal something is, three distinct terms are used: For example, in the horse, the eyes are caudal to the nose and rostral to the back of the head. These terms are generally preferred in veterinary medicine and not used as often in human medicine. In humans, "cranial" and "cephalic" are used to refer to the skull, with "cranial" being used more commonly. The term "rostral" is rarely used in human anatomy, apart from embryology, and refers more to the front of the face than the superior aspect of

neg: Anatomical terms of motion of "angular" motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. "Rotational" motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as "internal" or "external". Other terms, such as "elevation" and "depression", describe movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomical terms derive from Latin terms with the same meaning. Motions are classified after the anatomical planes they occur in, although movement is more often than not a combination of different motions occurring simultaneously in several planes. Motions can be split into categories relating to the nature of

neg: Arthur Böttcher 1871 to 1877 he was editor of the magazine "Dorpater Medicinische Zeitschrift". Böttcher is largely known for his anatomical investigations of the inner ear, particularly studies involving the structure of the reticular lamina and nerve fibers of the organ of Corti. Today his name is associated with the eponymous "Bottcher cells", which are cells of the basilar membrane of the cochlea. Other anatomical terms that contain his name are: Arthur Böttcher Jakob Ernst Arthur Böttcher (July 13, 1831 – August 10, 1889) was a Baltic German pathologist and anatomist who was a native of Bauska, in what was then the

neg: X-ray motion analysis and may require manually relocating the markers or bodies. After the tracking data is generated for each marker or body of interest, the tracking is applied to the local anatomical bodies. For example, markers placed at the hip and knee would track the motion of the femur. Using knowledge of the local anatomy, these motions can then be translated into anatomical terms of motion in the plane of the X-ray. In biplanar X-ray imaging, the motions are also tracked in a specialized software. Similar to planar analysis, the user provides an initial location guess and either tracks the markers or

neg: Anatomical terms of motion of the body. "Internal rotation" (or "medial rotation") refers to rotation towards the axis of the body. "External rotation" (or "lateral rotation") refers to rotation away from the center of the body. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion refer to extension or flexion of the foot at the ankle. These terms refer to flexion between the foot and the body's "dorsal" surface, considered the front of the leg, and flexion between the foot and the body's "plantar" surface, considered the back of the leg. These terms are used to resolve confusion, as technically "extension" of the joint refers to dorsiflexion, which could

neg: Glossary of dentistry (DB), distocervical (DC), distocoronal (DC), distogingival (DG), distolingual (DL), disto-occlusal or distoclusal (DO), distopalatal (DP), linguobuccal (LB), linguo-occlusal (LO), mesioapical (MA), mesiobuccal (MB), mesiocervical (MC), mesiocoronal (MC), mesiodistal (MD), mesiogingival (MG), mesio-occlusal or mesioclusal (MO), mesiopalatal (MP). Glossary of dentistry This is a list of commonly used terms of location and direction in dentistry. This set of terms provides orientation within the oral cavity, much as anatomical terms of location provide orientation throughout the body. Most of the principal terms can be combined using their corresponding combining forms (such as "mesio-" for "mesial" and "disto-" for "distal"). They provide names

neg: Hamulus as the hooks on the rachilla of Uncinia, which attach the fruit to passing animals, or the similarly functioning hooks on Burdocks, well known as the alleged inspiration for Velcro. Hamulus Hamus, hamulus, and words derived from them are morphological or anatomical terms in various branches of biology. They describe structures functioning as, or in the form of, hooks or hooklets. The terms are directly from Latin, in which "hamus" means "hook". The plural is "hami". "Hamulus" is the diminutive – hooklet or little hook. The plural is "hamuli". Adjectives are "hamate" and "hamulate", as in "hamulate wing-coupling", in which

neg: Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation image, wrapping the same side of the image in reverse, or using a particular border color value. Color images aren't specified by the algorithm, however, you can sum all RGB component differences when calculating edge strength, and use all RGB components when interpolating the pixels. Or you could split to YCbCr, process only the luma component and stretch the chroma using a different algorithm. Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation (DCCI) is an edge-directed image scaling algorithm created by Dengwen Zhou and Xiaoliu Shen. By taking into account the edges in an image, this scaling algorithm reduces artifacts

neg: Medical terminology and suffixes are often derived from Greek or Latin, and often quite dissimilar from their English-language variants. This regular morphology means that once a reasonable number of morphemes are learnt it becomes easy to understand very precise terms assembled from these morphemes. A lot of medical language is anatomical terminology, concerning itself with the names of various parts of the body. In forming or understanding a word root, one needs a basic comprehension of the terms and the source language. The study of the origin of words is called etymology. For example, if a word was to be formed to

neg: Anatomical plane following terms are defined in reference to the anatomical model being in the upright orientation (standing): The axes and the sagittal plane are the same for bipeds and quadrupeds, but the orientation of the coronal and transverse planes switch. The axes on particular pieces of equipment may or may not correspond to axes of the body, especially since the body and the equipment may be in different relative orientations. When describing anatomical motion, these planes describe the axis along which an action is performed. So by moving through the transverse plane, movement travels from head to toe. For example, if

neg: Peripheral vision vision are defined more narrowly in terms of one of several anatomical regions of the central retina, generally the fovea. The fovea is a cone-shaped depression in the central retina measuring 1.5 mm in diameter, corresponding to 5° of the field of vision. The outer boundaries of the fovea are visible under a microscope, or with microscopic imaging technology such as OCT or microscopic MRI. When viewed through the pupil, as in an eye exam (using an ophthalmoscope or retinal photography), only the central portion of the fovea is visible. Anatomists refer to this as the clinical fovea, and say

neg: Bone act as a centre for crystals to grow on. More particularly, bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures. There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. In the study of anatomy, anatomists use a number of anatomical terms to describe the appearance, shape and function of bones. Other anatomical terms are also used to describe the location of bones. Like other anatomical terms, many of these derive from Latin and Greek. Some anatomists still use Latin to refer to bones. The term "osseous", and the prefix "osteo-", referring to things

neg: Yaesu FT-817 signals may be input via a front BNC connector or a rear UHF SO-239 connector (Yaesu calls it a type "M" connector) using a relay on the PA unit. The selection has to be made per band (HF, 6, 2 m or 70 cm) using menu selection. The BNC connector is the antenna connector chosen when the relay is bypassed. A "70cm signal path" goes through a high pass filter network, through the RF directional coupler/power detector (not on rx) to a low pass filter to a PIN-diode. In rx mode, these are turned off. The rx signal then passes

neg: Anatomical terminology and "visceral", surrounding a fluid filled space. The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organ (the viscera), and the parietal layer lines the walls of the body cavity (pariet- refers to a cavity wall). Between the parietal and visceral layers is a very thin, fluid-filled serous space, or cavity. For example, the pericardium is the serous cavity which surrounds the heart. Anatomical terminology Anatomical terminology is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors. Anatomical terminology uses many unique terms, suffixes, and prefixes deriving from Ancient Greek and Latin. These terms can

neg: Anatomical terms of location Latin alternatives (; "right", ; "left"). However, as left and right sides are mirror images, using these words is somewhat confusing, as structures are duplicated on both sides. For example, it is very confusing to say the dorsal fin of a dolphin is "right of" the left pectoral fin, but is "left of" the right eye, but much easier and clearer to say "the dorsal fin is medial to the pectoral fins". Derived terms include: Varus and valgus correspond to medial and lateral, respectively, regarding the distal segment's vector relative to the proximal segment's vector. The terms proximal () and

neg: Greedy reductionism Greedy reductionism Greedy reductionism, identified by Daniel Dennett, in his 1995 book "Darwin's Dangerous Idea", is a kind of erroneous reductionism. Whereas "good" reductionism means explaining a thing in terms of what it reduces to (for example, its parts and their interactions), greedy reductionism occurs when "in their eagerness for a bargain, in their zeal to explain too much too fast, scientists and philosophers ... underestimate the complexities, trying to skip whole layers or levels of theory in their rush to fasten everything securely and neatly to the foundation". Using the terminology of "cranes" (legitimate, mechanistic explanations) and "skyhooks" (essentially,

neg: Anatomical terminology as in the brachial region of the arm. The first word describes what is being spoken about, the second describes it, and the third points to location. When describing the position of anatomical structures, structures may be described according to the anatomical landmark they are near. These landmarks may include structures, such as the umbilicus or sternum, or anatomical "lines", such as the "midclavicular line" from the centre of the clavicle. The cephalon or cephalic region refers to the head. This area is further differentiated into the cranium (skull), facies (face), frons (forehead), oculus (eye area), auris (ear), bucca (cheek),

neg: Reflective array antenna of phase, and do not add to the signal from the front. This greatly improves the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, making it more directional. This can be useful when a more directional signal is desired, or unwanted signals are present. There are cases when this is not desirable, and although reflectors are commonly seen in array antennas, they are not universal. For instance, while UHF television antennas often use an array of bowtie antennas with a reflector, a bowtie array without a reflector is a relatively common design in the microwave region. As more elements are added to an

neg: Suprapedal gland Suprapedal gland The suprapedal gland or mucous pedal gland is an anatomical feature found in some snails and slugs. It is a gland located inside the front end of the foot of gastropods. The term "suprapedal" means "above the foot". The function of this gland is to produce mucus. The gland opens on the front end of the sole, on the ventral side of the foot. The mucus produced by this gland becomes a thin layer covering the sole of the foot, and this helps the gastropod in moving. There are gland cells in the suprapedal gland. For example, in

neg: Mountaineering one another's shoulders, or using an ice axe propped up by others for a foothold. The great principle is that of co-operation, all the members of the party climbing with reference to the others, and not as independent units; each when moving must know what the climber in front and the one behind are doing. After bad weather steep rocks are often found covered with a veneer of ice (Glossary of climbing terms#verglas), which may even render them inaccessible. Crampons are useful on such occasions. Every year, 120 to 150 people die in small avalanches in the Alps alone. The

neg: Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft) lack the symmetry between pitch and yaw, so that directional stability in yaw is derived from a different set of stability derivatives. The yaw plane equivalent to the short period pitch oscillation, which describes yaw plane directional stability is called Dutch roll. Unlike pitch plane motions, the lateral modes involve both roll and yaw motion. It is customary to derive the equations of motion by formal manipulation in what, to the engineer, amounts to a piece of mathematical sleight of hand. The current approach follows the pitch plane analysis in formulating the equations in terms of concepts which are reasonably

neg: WION WION WION (1430 AM, "I-1430") is a radio station broadcasting what the radio-industry terms "full service" (a mix of locally programmed Music, News, and Sports) format to the Ionia, Michigan area. The completion of an FCC construction permit project in 2009 provided an upgrade in which the daytime coverage was switched from a Directional pattern to the North, to a Non-directional signal, thus providing better signal for a larger stretch of I-96 and towns to the East, South, and West. 2009 brought the purchase of an FM translator license. In 2010, WION changed the translator frequency and moved it from

neg: Lightning rod pit in the metal—to the complete destruction of the structure. When there is no evidence, analyzing the strikes is difficult. This means that a strike on an uninstrumented structure must be visually confirmed, and the random behavior of lightning renders such observations difficult. There are also inventors working on this problem, such as through a lightning rocket. While controlled experiments may be off in the future, very good data is being obtained through techniques which use radio receivers that watch for the characteristic electrical 'signature' of lightning strikes using fixed directional antennas. Through accurate timing and triangulation techniques, lightning strikes

neg: Battle Arena Toshinden can only be used when the player has low energy (around 10% or less). The player can move in 3D around the 3D arenas using the L/R shoulder buttons, which can be used to dodge projectile attacks or get away from a dangerous spot. Players move using the directional pad. Holding the backward directional button allows the player to block basic attacks and reduces most of the damage from opponents' special moves. Players can also run by quickly tapping the forward directional button. A young Japanese swordsman/adventurer named Eiji Shinjo, who has spent the past few years searching for his

neg: Morphology (linguistics) "mwahu-kin" = to be good at "sa-" is an example of a verbal prefix. It is added to the beginning of a word and means ‘not.’ "pwung" = to be correct --> "sa-pwung" = to be incorrect There are also directional suffixes that when added to the root word gives the listener a better idea of where the subject is headed. The verb "alu" means to walk. A directional suffix can be used to give more detail. "-da" = ‘up’ --> "aluh-da" = to walk up "-d"i = ‘down’ --> "aluh-di" = to walk down "-eng" = ‘away from speaker

neg: Color terminology for race "백인" ("baegin"), literally means "white-person" in Korean. "흑" ("heuk") is used to describe persons of African descent, it literally means "black" in hanja. The five cardinal directions were historically identified with colors. This was common to the Central Asian cultural area and was carried west by the westward migration of the Turks. These directional color terms were applied both to geographic features and sometimes to populations as well. Racial segregation in the United States prior to the 1960s was binary, white vs. non-white, hence the term "person of color". At college campus protests during the 1960s, a "Flag of the

neg: Logic optimization are used in this statement. This means that to build the circuit one would need two inverters, two AND gates, and an OR gate. We can simplify (minimize) the circuit by applying logical identities or using intuition. Since the example states that A is true when B is false or the other way around, we can conclude that this simply means formula_5. In terms of logical gates, inequality simply means an XOR gate (exclusive or). Therefore, formula_6. Then the two circuits shown below are equivalent: You can additionally check the correctness of the result using a truth table. Graphical minimization

neg: Leatherback sea turtle larger than any other sea turtle upon hatching, as they average in carapace length and weigh around when freshly hatched. "D. coriacea" exhibits several anatomical characteristics believed to be associated with a life in cold waters, including an extensive covering of brown adipose tissue, temperature-independent swimming muscles, countercurrent heat exchangers between the large front flippers and the core body, and an extensive network of countercurrent heat exchangers surrounding the trachea. Leatherbacks have been viewed as unique among extant reptiles for their ability to maintain high body temperatures using metabolically generated heat, or endothermy. Initial studies on their metabolic rates found

neg: Robust statistics set of all finite signed measures on formula_26. We want to estimate the parameter formula_27 of a distribution formula_28 in formula_25. Let the functional formula_30 be the asymptotic value of some estimator sequence formula_31. We will suppose that this functional is Fisher consistent, i.e. formula_32. This means that at the model formula_28, the estimator sequence asymptotically measures the correct quantity. Let formula_34 be some distribution in formula_25. What happens when the data doesn't follow the model formula_28 exactly but another, slightly different, "going towards" formula_34? We're looking at: formula_38, which is the one-sided directional derivative of formula_39 at formula_28, in

neg: Average directional movement index pattern breakouts. Various market timing methods have been devised using ADX. One of these methods is discussed by Alexander Elder in his book Trading for a Living. According to Elder, there is a buy signal when the ADX peaks and starts to decline when the +DI is above the -DI. With this strategy you would sell when the ADX stops falling and goes flat. Average directional movement index The average directional movement index (ADX) was developed in 1978 by J. Welles Wilder as an indicator of trend strength in a series of prices of a financial instrument. ADX has become

neg: Dovercourt railway station but reverted to Dovercourt on 14 December 1972. Today passenger operations are confined to a bi-directional single electrified track, using what was the "up" track in the days when services through the station were operated on both tracks by steam and diesel locomotives. The unnumbered platform has an operational length for eight-coach trains. The remains of what was the "down" platform survive. The down platform also had a rather sizeable canopy, which was of little benefit given that most use of the platform was by passengers arriving. The bridge which linked the two platforms has since been removed. The only

neg: Proximity effect (audio) incident sound waves. In a directional microphone, sound reflected from surfaces behind the diaphragm is permitted to impinge on the rear side of the diaphragm. Since the sound reaching the rear of the diaphragm travels slightly farther than the sound at the front, it is slightly out of phase. The greater this phase difference, the greater the pressure difference and the greater the diaphragm movement. As the sound source moves off the diaphragm axis, this phase difference decreases due to decreasing path length difference. This is what gives a directional microphone its directivity. In addition to the angular dependence described

neg: Ancient Egyptian anatomical studies appreciably realistic terms, anatomical structures while detailing injuries in order of anatomy. Ancient Egyptian anatomical studies Ancient Egyptian anatomical studies is an article about the history of anatomy within ancient Egypt. From a period spanning the time beginning at about 3100 B.C. to the finish of the 2nd century A.D., anatomical studies were fore-most within the ancient Egyptian nation, than within other parts of the world, according to archaeological evidence. People of the ancient Egyptian civilization initiated an independent practice of anatomical study, which represented the first movement within humanity toward the development of an understanding of anatomy; Egypt is

neg: Gogo Inflight Internet applications are prohibited by the terms of service. Below are the technologies that Gogo currently uses, has developed, or announced. Gogo's ATG network is a cellular (meaning that there is a hand-off when the aircraft moves between service areas) radio network that has more than 200 towers in the continental U.S., Alaska and Canada. The ground stations consist of original Airfone air-ground phone relay stations and newer locations, using the 850 MHz ATG band. Unlike terrestrial cell sites, ATG ground stations project a directional signal up into the air where airplanes are, rather than downward, where terrestrial users are. However