query: what is the name of the currency used in france

pos: French franc before the Bretton Woods system was replaced by free-floating exchange rates. When the euro replaced the franc on 1 January 1999, the franc was worth less than an eighth of its original 1960 purchasing power. After revaluation and the introduction of the new franc, many French people continued to use old francs ("anciens francs"), to describe large sums (throughout the 1980s and well in to the 1990s and virtually until the introduction of the euro, many people, old and young – even those who had never used the old franc – were still referring to the old franc, confusing people).

pos: Franc official language in the Protectorate, was "Franken". Coins displaying German inscriptions and the coat of arms of the Protectorate were circulated and used together with French francs. As banknotes, only French franc bills existed. Countries which formerly used a franc: Collectivities which use a franc: Franc The franc (₣) is the name of several currency units. The French franc was the currency of France until the euro was adopted in 1999 (by law, 2002 de facto). The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions. The name is said to derive from

pos: Franc Franc The franc (₣) is the name of several currency units. The French franc was the currency of France until the euro was adopted in 1999 (by law, 2002 de facto). The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription "francorum rex" (Style of the French sovereign: "King of the Franks") used on early French coins and until the 18th century, or from the French "franc", meaning "frank" (and "free" in certain contexts, such as "coup franc", "free kick" ). The countries

pos: Theo Waigel financial sanctions against deficit violators that go beyond the penalties included in the [[Maastricht Treaty]]. Also in September 1995, Waigel first floated Euro as the name of the new single currency. He later overruled the French government with his proposal; France had favored want the name ECU, the [[European Currency Unit]] which was used in many accounts and the issuance of some debt at the time. The name "Euro" was later chosen for the new currency at the European Council in Madrid. In a move to reduce government spending, Waigel led the call for a reduction in Germany’s contributions to

pos: Redenomination Redenomination Redenomination is the process of changing the face value of banknotes or coins used in circulating currency. It may be done because inflation has made the currency unit so small that only large denominations of the currency are circulated. In such cases the name of the currency may change or the original name may be used with a temporary qualifier such as "new". Redenomination may be done for other reasons such as adopting a new currency as with the Euro or decimalisation. The article deals with these various types of redenomination in detail. In times of inflation, the same

pos: Redenomination "mil" (thousand), making the values easier to read. Redenomination Redenomination is the process of changing the face value of banknotes or coins used in circulating currency. It may be done because inflation has made the currency unit so small that only large denominations of the currency are circulated. In such cases the name of the currency may change or the original name may be used with a temporary qualifier such as "new". Redenomination may be done for other reasons such as adopting a new currency as with the Euro or decimalisation. The article deals with these various types of redenomination

pos: CFP franc changes in the currency in use in France; the relative value of the CFP franc (XPF) vs. the French franc / euro is unchanged since 1949. In 1949, New Caledonia and what was then called French Oceania (now French Polynesia) began to issue coins. The coins have been separated in two types: the obverses are identical, whilst the reverses are distinct. Both types of coins can be used in all three French territories. The situation of the CFP coins is thus quite similar to that of the euro coins, which have a national side but can be used in all

pos: Language and the euro currency's name in Hebrew arose. The official name of the currency established by the Academy of the Hebrew Language and the Bank of Israel is derived from An unofficial spelling and pronunciation , derived from the English pronunciation of the currency's name, is also used. Although in Hebrew currency names are usually declined for singular and plural, both forms of the Euro name are used for the singular and plural alike. In Hindi, the euro is spelt as यूरो (Yūro), while cent is written as सेंट (seṇṭ). Both the words are not pluralised. Europe is known as यूरोप (Yūrop) in

pos: Saint Pierre and Miquelon shows a decrease from 2009, from 7.7% to 7.1%. Exports are very low (5.1% of GDP) while imports are significant (49.1% of GDP). About 70% of the islands' supplies are imported from Canada or from other parts of France via Nova Scotia. The euro functions as the official currency of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The Canadian dollar is also widely accepted and used, but change is usually given in euros. The "Institut d'émission des départements d'outre-mer" (IEDOM), the French public institution responsible for issuing currency in the overseas territories that use the euro on behalf of the Bank of France,

pos: Currency symbol Currency symbol A currency symbol is a graphic symbol used as a shorthand for a currency's name, especially in reference to amounts of money. Although several former currency symbols were rendered obsolete by the adoption of the euro, having a new and unique currency symbol implementation of which requires the adoption of new Unicode and type formats has now become a status symbol for international currencies. The European Commission considers the global recognition of the euro sign part of its success. In 2009, India launched a public competition to replace the ₨ ligature it shared with neighbouring countries. It finalised

pos: Currency symbol fonts. The original design was also exceptionally wide. These two factors have led to most typefaces employing customized, font-specific versions, usually with reduced width. Currency symbol A currency symbol is a graphic symbol used as a shorthand for a currency's name, especially in reference to amounts of money. Although several former currency symbols were rendered obsolete by the adoption of the euro, having a new and unique currency symbol implementation of which requires the adoption of new Unicode and type formats has now become a status symbol for international currencies. The European Commission considers the global recognition of the euro

pos: French livre when dwindling supplies of no-longer minted coins obliged the adoption of the pound as legal tender. Today, France uses the Euro as its currency. French livre The livre () was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor state of West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of both units of account and coins. The livre was established by Charlemagne as a unit of account equal to one pound of silver. It was subdivided into 20 "sous" (also "sols"), each of 12 "deniers". The word "livre" came from the

pos: Spanish peseta December 2020. According to that entity, as of March 2011 pesetas to a value estimated at 1.7 billion euros had not been converted to euro. Spanish peseta The peseta (, ) was the currency of Spain between 1868 and 2002. Along with the French franc, it was also a "de facto" currency used in Andorra (which had no national currency with legal tender). The name of the currency comes from "pesseta", the diminutive form of the word "peça", which is a Catalan word that means piece or fraction. The first non-official coins which contained the word "peseta" were made in

pos: Germain Pirlot Germain Pirlot Germain Pirlot (born 18 March 1943 in Sart-Custinne, Gedinne, Belgium) is a Belgian esperantist and ex-teacher of French and history, presently living in Ostend. He is best known as the inventor of the name "euro" for the common currency of the European Union (EU). On August 4, 1995, Pirlot sent a letter to then President of the European Commission, Jacques Santer, in which he suggested the name "euro" to be used for the planned currency of the EU. Later, Pirlot received an official letter thanking him for the suggestion. The name "euro" was officially adopted by the European

pos: Currency Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, "dollar" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of

neg: Shilling the Roman solidus, were the equivalent coins in France, while the (nuevo) sol (PEN) remains the currency of Peru. As in France, the Peruvian sol was originally named after the Roman solidus, but the name of the Peruvian currency is now much more closely linked to the Spanish word for the sun ("sol"). This helps explain the name of its temporary replacement, the inti, named for the Incan sun god. Shilling The shilling is a unit of currency formerly used in Austria, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, United States, and other British Commonwealth countries. Currently the shilling is used

neg: Denarius is not understood. The Arabs who conquered large parts of the land that once belonged to the Eastern Roman Empire issued their own gold dinar. The lasting legacy of the "denarius" can be seen in the use of "d" as the abbreviation for the British penny until 1971. It also survived in France as the name of a coin, the denier. The denarius also survives in the common Arabic name for a currency unit, the "dinar" used from pre-Islamic times, and still used in several modern Arab nations. The major currency unit in former Principality of Serbia, Kingdom of Serbia

neg: Bangladeshi taka the region of Bengal, the term has always been used to refer to currency. In the 14th century, Ibn Battuta noticed that people in the Bengal Sultanate referred to gold and silver coins as "taka" instead of dinar. The word "taka" in Bangla is also commonly used generically to mean any money, currency, or notes. Thus, colloquially, a person speaking in Bangla may use "taka" to refer to money regardless of what currency it is denominated in. This is also common in the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, where the official name of the Indian rupees is "taka"

neg: Exonumia more than one language although Spanish is the prevalent one. Plantation tokens can have an array of denominations and names. The name can be the owner or their relatives. Sometimes the token can have the name of the farm (or finca). Lastly, tokens had allegorical symbols to identify the owner. Very little documentation exists since the inception of Latin American tokens, therefore, many tokens cannot be verified as to who the real owner is or what the symbol or symbols meant. Tokens in Latin America were used as currency since there was not enough official currency available. Customarily, workers could

neg: Livre tournois the name was used officially, as later notes and coins were denominated simply in livres, the livre parisis having finally been abolished in 1667. With many forms of domestic and international money (with different weights, purities and quality) circulating throughout Europe in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the use of an "accounting currency" became a financial necessity. In the world of international banking of the 13th century, it was the florin and ducat that were often used. In France, the livre tournois and the currency system based on it became a standard monetary unit of accounting

neg: Pound sterling the United Kingdom currency from other currencies with the same name. Otherwise the term "pound" is normally used. The currency name is sometimes abbreviated to just "sterling", particularly in the wholesale financial markets, but not when referring to specific amounts; for example, "Payment is accepted in sterling" but never "These cost five sterling". The abbreviations "ster." and "stg." are sometimes used. The term "British pound" is sometimes incorrectly used in less formal contexts, and it is not an official name of the currency. The exchange rate of the pound sterling against the US Dollar is referred to as "cable" in

neg: Card money and treasurer. In Dutch Guiana, meanwhile, the form these validations took varied between issue. Card money was generally issued, at least initially, in emergency situations. It could be backed by other currencies, such as Bills of Exchange, or be without guarantee. During the expansion of the French colony in New France (in what is now Canada) in the 17th century, currency used had to be imported from France. When the colony faced insolvency owing to great expenses fighting the Iroquois and a diminishing beaver trade, intendant Jacques de Meulles introduced card money to pay soldiers; this soon spread into general

neg: Katanga Cross Katanga Cross A Katanga Cross, also called a handa, is a cast copper ingot in the shape of a cross which was once used as a form of currency in parts of what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Katanga crosses were made in various sizes, typically about across, and weighing about . The name derives from Katanga, a rich copper mining region in the south-eastern portion of the DRC. These X-shaped ingots were cast by local coppersmiths by pouring molten copper into sand molds. During its period of currency,

neg: Moldovan leu Moldovan leu The leu (sign: L; ISO 4217 code: MDL) is the currency of Moldova. Like the Romanian leu, the Moldovan leu (plural: lei) is subdivided into 100 bani (singular: ban). The name of the currency originates from a Romanian word which means "lion". Between 1918 and 1940 and again between 1941 and 1944, when Moldova was part of Romania, the Romanian leu was used in what was then the eastern part of the broader Romanian region of Moldavia ("Moldova" in Romanian). The Moldovan leu was established on 29 November 1993, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the

neg: Moldovan leu Heaven’s doorsill.” Moldovan leu The leu (sign: L; ISO 4217 code: MDL) is the currency of Moldova. Like the Romanian leu, the Moldovan leu (plural: lei) is subdivided into 100 bani (singular: ban). The name of the currency originates from a Romanian word which means "lion". Between 1918 and 1940 and again between 1941 and 1944, when Moldova was part of Romania, the Romanian leu was used in what was then the eastern part of the broader Romanian region of Moldavia ("Moldova" in Romanian). The Moldovan leu was established on 29 November 1993, following the collapse of the Soviet Union

neg: Centime Centime Centime (from ) is French for "cent", and is used in English as the name of the fraction currency in several Francophone countries (including Switzerland, Algeria, Belgium, Morocco and France). In France the usage of "centime" goes back to the introduction of the decimal monetary system under Napoleon. This system aimed at replacing non-decimal fractions of older coins. A five-centime coin was known as a "sou", i.e. a solidus or shilling. In Francophone Canada of a Canadian dollar is officially known as a "cent" (pronounced /sɛnt/) in both English and French. However, in practice, the form of "cenne" (pronounced

neg: Khaleeji (currency) Khaleeji (currency) The Khaleeji ( ) was a proposed name for the common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab States (GCC). The term 'Khaleeji' is Arabic for "of the Gulf", and is traditionally associated with Eastern Arabia's Gulf states. The proposed name was turned down in late 2009, and no official name was later agreed prior to the withdrawal of an agreement for a GCC common currency. Although the name "Dinar" (, from Latin, denarius) has been suggested since it is already used in the Arab world and is mentioned in the Quran

neg: Occitan (local currency) started his career in Pézenas. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a "scrip" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals.

neg: Israeli agora Israeli agora The agora (, . , "") is a denomination of the currency of Israel. The Israeli currency – the new Israeli shekel (ILS) – is divided into 100 agorot. The name "agora" actually refers to three kinds of currencies that were used in Israel throughout its history. All of them have been subdivisions of the main currency units. This name was used for the first time in 1960, when the Israeli government decided to change the subdivision of the Israeli lira (a.k.a. Israeli pound) from 1000 prutot to 100 agorot. The name was suggested by the Academy of

neg: Agio market exchange rates. The balance of trade between the countries determined the actual rate of exchange. If England has a negative balance of trade with France, for instance, currency of equal magnitude is remitted to France, which thus creates a demand for French currency. Procurement of that currency involves payment of a premium referred to as agio. It refers to exchange rate. The term was also used to denote the difference in exchange between two currencies in the same country where silver coinage was the legal tender. An agio was sometimes allowed for payment in the more convenient form of

neg: Abeille (local currency) reverse. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a "scrip" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, "Agir pour le vivant" (Act for the living), the Abeille is

neg: Groschen Groschen Groschen (; from "thick", via Old Czech "") was the (sometimes colloquial) name for a silver coin used in various states of the Holy Roman Empire. The name is introduced in 13th-century France as ', lit. "thick penny", whence Old French ', Italian ', Middle High German ', Low German and Dutch ' and English "groat". In the 14th century, it appeared as Old Czech ', whence Modern German ". Names in other modern European languages include: The ', ', ', (') and " are the Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, Greek and Turkish, names respectively, for currency denominations in and

neg: Thomas Willis artery. He coined the term "mellitus" in diabetes mellitus. An old name for the condition is "Willis's disease". He observed what had been known for many centuries elsewhere, that the urine is sweet in patients (glycosuria). His observations on diabetes formed a chapter of "Pharmaceutice rationalis" (1674). Further research came from Johann Conrad Brunner, who had met Willis in London. Willis's work gained currency in France through the writings of Daniel Duncan. The philosopher Richard Cumberland quickly applied the findings on brain anatomy to argue a case against Thomas Hobbes's view of the primacy of the passions. Willis's books, including

neg: Greenlandic krone Greenlandic krone The Greenlandic krone (, ) was a planned currency for Greenland, plans of which were abandoned in 2009. The same name is often used for currency issued during Greenland's time as a Danish colony. The name "krone" is derived from the Danish krone, introduced in an 1873 currency reform that replaced Danish "mark" and "skilling". Currently, the Danish krone circulates in Greenland. The Greenland krone was not intended to be an independent currency but a version of the Danish krone. Consequently, it was not intended to have its own ISO 4217 currency code, but to use the same

neg: Currency war The term "currency war" is sometimes used with meanings that are not related to competitive devaluation. In the 2007 book, "Currency Wars" by Chinese economist Song Hongbing, the term is sometimes used in a somewhat contrary sense, to refer to an alleged practice where unscrupulous bankers lend to emerging market countries and then speculate against the emerging state's currency by trying to force it down in value against the wishes of that states' government. In another book of the same name, John Cooley uses the term to refer to the efforts of a state's monetary authorities to protect its currency

neg: Consolidated Third would be redeemable for national lands; similar to what the Assignat was originally before it became a paper currency The value of these bonds was only one third of the value of the national debt, thus being a form of Debt consolidation. This would represent a repudiation of most of the state's debt, and a bankruptcy of two-thirds of the debt, leading to the euphemism of the remaining being a consolidated third. Consolidated Third The Consolidated Third (French: "le tiers consolidé") is the name given in France to the 1797 repudiation of public debt of which only one third was

neg: Rugby football people in northern England and in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland. In the United Kingdom, rugby union fans sometimes used the term "rugger" as an alternative name for the sport, (see Oxford '-er'), although this archaic expression has not had currency since the 1950s or earlier. New Zealanders refer to rugby union simply as either "rugby" or "union", or even simply "football", and to rugby league as "rugby league" or "league". In the U.S., people who play rugby are sometimes called "ruggers", a term little used elsewhere except facetiously. In France, rugby is widely played and

neg: Name of France This nation is also explicitly mentioned by Julius Caesar in his "Notebooks on the Gallic War" ("Commentarii de Bello Gallico"). The name of the former French currency, the franc, comes from the words engraved on the coins of the Frankish King, "Rex Francorum", meaning "King of the Franks" or "Roi des Francs" in French. In most of the Latin languages, France is known by the word "France" or any of its derivatives, for example "Francia" in Italian and Spanish. In most of the Germanic languages, France is known as the historical "Land of the Franks", for example "Frankreich" (Reich of

neg: Tumin (currency) Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means "money" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the "tomín" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were trying to find ways of strengthening the local economy. In Espinal the access to cash is scarce as most

neg: Tumin (currency) improvement of the community's economy, but that it has been successful in promoting mutuality and solidarity within the community. Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means "money" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the "tomín" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were

neg: Card money Card money Card money is a type of fiat money printed on plain cardboard or playing cards, which was used at times as currency in several colonies and countries (including Dutch Guiana, New France, and France) from the 17th century to the early 19th century. Where introduced, it was often followed by high rates of inflation. In order to prepare playing cards or plain cardboard for use as currency, the medium had to be given a denomination, a seal, a serial number, and appropriate signatures. In New France, this meant an embossed fleur-de-lis and the signatures of the intendant, governor,

neg: Card money expanding economic system", despite "seem[ing] ... far-fetched". Card money Card money is a type of fiat money printed on plain cardboard or playing cards, which was used at times as currency in several colonies and countries (including Dutch Guiana, New France, and France) from the 17th century to the early 19th century. Where introduced, it was often followed by high rates of inflation. In order to prepare playing cards or plain cardboard for use as currency, the medium had to be given a denomination, a seal, a serial number, and appropriate signatures. In New France, this meant an embossed fleur-de-lis

neg: Occitan (local currency) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals. An initiative of a local shopkeeper organization, ACA, the Occitan is intended to stimulate of local economy. They have a 1-year validity. Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Occitans are issued. They feature an Occitan cross and the portrait of Molière who

neg: Abeille (local currency) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, "Agir pour le vivant" (Act for the living), the Abeille is intended to: Bills of 1, 2, 5, and 10 Abeille are issued. They feature drawings from the painter Jean-Claude Maurel on the obverse, and a photograph of a bee on a flower by the photographer Christian Aymé on the

neg: Greek drachma in Alexandria and the Parthian Empire based in what is modern-day Iran. The Arabic unit of currency known as "dirham" (), known from pre-Islamic times and afterwards, inherited its name from the drachma or didrachm (, 2 drachmae); the dirham is still the name of the official currencies of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. The Armenian dram () also derives its name from the drachma. It is difficult to estimate comparative exchange rates with modern currency because the range of products produced by economies of centuries gone by were different from today, which makes purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations

neg: Currency-counting machine Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the

neg: Currency lads and lasses the colony which specifically set out to protect the interests of the native-born". "The currency" as a whole were usually separated according to gender as "currency lads" and "currency lasses." In 1849, J. P. Townsend wrote: "whites born in the colony...are...called 'the currency;' and thus the 'Currency Lass' is a favourite name for colonial vessels," and, according to Edward E. Morris, also for hotels. In 1852, the term was still being used: "A singular disinclination to finish any work completely, is a striking characteristic of colonial craftsmen, at least of the 'currency' or native-born portion." However, when Morris published his

neg: Berlin Blockade 1948 directed its military to introduce its own new currency and to permit only the Soviet currency to be used in their sector of Berlin, if the other countries brought in a different currency there. On 18 June the United States, Britain and France announced that on 21 June the Deutsche Mark would be introduced, but the Soviets refused to permit its use as legal tender in Berlin. The Allies had already transported 250,000,000 Deutsche marks into the city and it quickly became the standard currency in all four sectors. Against the wishes of the Soviets, the new currency, along

neg: Eusko of the eusko is to encourage the community to buy from local traders. This potentially strengthens the local economy and reduce ecological damage caused by long supply chains. Additionally, it aims to promote solidarity. The idea of the eusko starts when the AMBES (from French "Association pour la création d’une Monnaie locale Basque, Ecologique et Solidaire") took the example of another currency that was running in France, and thought that could be profitable and applicable to the Basque country. The choice of the name came up when the AMBES asked citizens to choose a name for their optimal currency. The

neg: Silver standard name for bank "銀行" (literally "silver house" or "silver office") and for the precious metal and jewel dealer "銀樓" (literally "silver building" or "silver shop"). After its victory in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), Germany extracted a huge indemnity from France of £200,000,000 in gold, and used it to join Britain on a gold standard. Germany's abandonment of the silver standard put further pressure on other countries to move to the gold standard. The first metal used as a currency was silver, more than 4,000 years ago, when silver ingots were used in trade. During the heyday of the Athenian empire,

neg: Community currency have been written supporting the management of community currencies. In 1998, Richard Kay, a Senior Lecturer at Birmingham City University, wrote a "Multi-registry System" specification for routing and processing community currency transactions using an approach designed to be decentralized, with no single point of control or failure, using the Domain Name System for server discovery. Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local

neg: Europa (currency) Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical "Federated States of Europe" ("États Fédérés d'Europe"). Unlike contemporary currencies that were based on the gold standard, the europa derived its notional value from labour. The currency never circulated except unofficially between federalists of the Nièvre region. Two denominations

neg: Israeli new shekel "ẖadash" () (new). It was previously known as the New Israeli Shekel and the "non-official" abbreviation of NIS ( and ) is still commonly used domestically to denominate prices and also appears on the Bank of Israel's web site. However, the "official" international currency code of the Israeli new Shekel is ILS, as set by the International Organization for Standardization under ISO 4217. The origin of the name "shekel" () is from the ancient biblical currency by the same name. Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel. Initially, it may have referred

neg: Icelandic króna of the Icelandic Federation of Labour on 10 January 2012, said: , Icelandic authorities have no plans to adopt a foreign currency. Icelandic króna The króna (; plural krónur) (sign: kr; code: ISK) is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the smallest country to have its own currency and monetary policy. Like the Nordic currencies (such as the Danish krone, Swedish krona and Norwegian krone) that participated in the historical Scandinavian Monetary Union, the name "króna" (meaning "crown") comes from the Latin word "corona" ("crown"). The name "Icelandic crown" is sometimes used, for example in the financial markets. The word

neg: Cambodian riel Cambodian riel The riel (; sign: ; code: KHR) is the currency of Cambodia. There have been two distinct riel, the first issued between 1953 and May 1975. Between 1975 and 1980, the country had no monetary system. A second currency, also named "riel", has been issued since March 20, 1980. The symbol is encoded in Unicode at . Popular belief suggests that the name of the currency comes from the Mekong river fish, the riel ("small fish" in Khmer). It is more likely that the name derives from the high silver content Mexican real used by Malay, Indian and

neg: Centime the French language of Belgium recommended in 2001 the use of "centime", since "cent" is also the French word for "hundred". An analogous decision was published in the "Journal officiel" in France (2 December 1997). In Morocco, dirhams are divided into 100 "centime"s and one may find prices in the country quoted in "centime"s rather than in dirhams. Sometimes "centime"s are known as francs or in former Spanish areas, pesetas. A centime is one-hundredth of the following basic monetary units: Centime Centime (from ) is French for "cent", and is used in English as the name of the fraction currency

neg: Eco (currency) Eco (currency) The Eco is the proposed name for the common currency that the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) plans to introduce in the framework of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). After its introduction, the goal is to merge the new currency with the West African CFA franc (used by the French-speaking members of ECOWAS since 1945) at a later date. This will create a common currency for much of West Africa. For the Eco to be implemented, ten convergence criteria, set out by the West African Monetary Institute (WAMI), must be met. These criteria are divided into

neg: Bolivian boliviano Bolivian boliviano The boliviano (sign: Bs ISO 4217 code: BOB) is the currency of Bolivia. It is divided into 100 cents or centavos in Spanish. Boliviano was also the name of the currency of Bolivia between 1864 and 1963. The first boliviano was introduced in 1864. It was equivalent to eight "soles" or half a "scudo" in the former currency. Initially, it was subdivided into 100 "centécimos" but this was altered to centavos in 1870. The name "bolivar" was used for an amount of ten bolivianos. Following many years of rampant inflation, the bolivian peso was replaced in 1987 by

neg: Ukrainian shah currency, trial runs of coins of 1 shah and 50 shahiv were issued, but were not approved. Therefore, the "kopiyka" (копійка) was confirmed as a numismatic term for Ukrainian currency, despite nationalistic sentiments that "kopiyka" (Ukrainian for Russian "kopeyka") is a Russian term. Ukrainian shah Shah () was the name of several currencies used in Ukraine. The name derives from shilling via shelyag ("sheleg"; ; ). The forms "shahy" (шаги, for 2 to 4) and "shahiv" (шагiв, for five or more) are declensional plurals of the noun used in denominations, for example, 2 shahy, 20 shahiv. Ukrainian-speakers used the term

neg: Chinese customs gold unit Flying Tigers, an American Volunteer Group of pilots and ground crew that operated within the Chinese Air Force in 1941 and 1942 during World War II, was also paid in this currency . Chinese customs gold unit The customs gold unit ("CGU") was a currency issued by the "Central Bank of China" between 1930 and 1948. In Chinese, the name of the currency was 關金圓, literally "customs gold yuan" but the English name given on the back of the notes was "customs gold unit". It was divided into 100 cents (關金分). As the name suggests, this currency was initially used

neg: Greenlandic krone the denominations below 5 kroner ceased production and 10 and 50 kroner notes were introduced. In 1953, the Kongelige Grønlandske Handel resumed note production with 5, 10 and 50 kroner notes, whilst credit notes ("Kreditsedler") for 100 kroner were also issued. These notes were produced until 1967. Greenlandic krone The Greenlandic krone (, ) was a planned currency for Greenland, plans of which were abandoned in 2009. The same name is often used for currency issued during Greenland's time as a Danish colony. The name "krone" is derived from the Danish krone, introduced in an 1873 currency reform that replaced

neg: Slash (punctuation) its use as the currency sign for the shilling. The name "slash" is a recent development, first attested in American English , but has gained wide currency through its use in computing, a context where it is sometimes even used in British English in preference to the usual name "stroke". Clarifying terms such as "forward slash" have been coined owing to widespread use of Microsoft's DOS and Windows operating systems, which use the backslash extensively. The slash is commonly used in many languages as a shorter substitute for the conjunction "or", typically with the sense of exclusive or (e.g., Y/N

neg: Cash (currency) sub unit of the piastre usually known as a "sapèque". Cash was a currency unit of Madras Province during the period of British rule in India. Specifically, it was a subunit of the fanam, rupee, and pagoda. Copper coins of 20 cash were called pice, 10 cash were called dodees, and 5 cash were called half dodees. Travancore cash was similar to the Madras cash yet differed in the value compared to the rupee. thus, 1 rupee = 448 cash. Cash (currency) Cash is a name for several historical currencies used in Asia. It is applied to units used in

neg: Tunisian dinar Tunisian dinar The dinar (, , ISO 4217 currency code: "TND") is the currency of Tunisia. It is subdivided into 1000 milim or millimes (). The abbreviation "DT" is often used in Tunisia, although writing "dinar" after the amount is also acceptable (TND is less colloquial, and tends to be used more in financial circles); the abbreviation "TD" is also mentioned in a few places, but is less frequently used, given the common use of the French language in Tunisia, and the French derivation of "DT" (i.e., ""). The name "dinar" is derived from the Roman denarius, used in the

neg: Tremulous In addition to requiring a certain stage, each human item or alien class must be purchased using currency earned in game. The aliens are awarded "frags" for killing their foes which may be used to evolve (these points are commonly called "evolution points" or "evos" by players). The Humans gain "credits". Players earn currency by killing enemy players or by destroying enemy spawn or power structures ("Reactor" and "Overmind"); the amount of received currency depends on what class the opponent was (or what structure was destroyed) and how much of the target's total damage was dealt by the killing player.

neg: World currency unit have adopted the name "World Currency Unit". The Wocu (contraction of World Currency Unit) is a standardized basket of currencies — the national currencies of the 20 largest national economies measured by GDP, established in 2008. The basket is reweighed semi-annually according to the relative growth of the economies, whereby constituent currencies are replaced by other currencies should the size of the GDP be overtaken by that of another national economy. Conceived as an apolitical and global alternative to the ECU, it is used as a reference currency for global investors and companies seeking to mitigate bilateral exchange rate volatility.

neg: Currency a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the

neg: Yuan (currency) Taiwan, replacing the first at a rate of 40,000 to 1. Known as the New Taiwan dollar, it remains the currency of Taiwan. Originally, a silver yuan had the same specifications as a silver Spanish dollar. During the Republican era (1911–1949), the transliteration "yuan" was often printed on the reverse of the first yuan banknotes but sometimes "dollar" was used instead. In the Republic of China, the common English name is the "New Taiwan dollar" but banknotes issued between 1949 and 1956 used "yuan" as the transliteration. More modern notes lack any transliteration. Yuan (currency) The yuan (; sign: ¥;

neg: French Indochinese piastre French Indochinese piastre The piastre de commerce was the currency of French Indochina between 1885 and 1952. It was subdivided into 100 "cent", each of 5 "sapèque". The name "piastre" (), from Spanish pieces of eight (pesos), dates to the 16th century and has been used as the name of many different historical units of currency. Prior to the arrival of the French in Indo-China in the second half of the 19th century, cash coins similar to those used in the provinces of China circulated in the area that is nowadays known as Vietnam. There was also a silver milled

neg: Spanish peseta Spanish peseta The peseta (, ) was the currency of Spain between 1868 and 2002. Along with the French franc, it was also a "de facto" currency used in Andorra (which had no national currency with legal tender). The name of the currency comes from "pesseta", the diminutive form of the word "peça", which is a Catalan word that means piece or fraction. The first non-official coins which contained the word "peseta" were made in 1808 in Barcelona. Traditionally, there was never a single symbol or special character for the Spanish peseta. Common abbreviations were "Pt", "Pta", "Pts" and "Ptas",

neg: Cash (currency) Cash (currency) Cash is a name for several historical currencies used in Asia. It is applied to units used in China, Vietnam, and the Princely states of Madras and Travancore in British India. It is also occasionally used to refer to the Korean mun and the Japanese mon. Skr. "karsha" 'a weight of silver or gold equal to of a tulā' (Williams); Singhalese "kāsi" coin. The early Portuguese writers represented the native word by "cas, casse, caxa," the Fr. by "cas", the Eng. by "cass": the existing Pg. "caixa" and Eng. cash are due to a natural confusion with CASH

neg: Europa (currency) were produced, both depicting Louis Pasteur and a map of Europe on the obverse and reverse respectively: one valued at 1 europa and another at 1/10 of a europa. Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical "Federated States of Europe" ("États Fédérés d'Europe"). Unlike contemporary currencies

neg: Chinese customs gold unit Chinese customs gold unit The customs gold unit ("CGU") was a currency issued by the "Central Bank of China" between 1930 and 1948. In Chinese, the name of the currency was 關金圓, literally "customs gold yuan" but the English name given on the back of the notes was "customs gold unit". It was divided into 100 cents (關金分). As the name suggests, this currency was initially used for customs payments, but in 1942 it was put into general circulation for use by the public at 20 times its face value in terms of the first Chinese yuan. The customs gold

neg: Currency Act than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British

neg: Emissions Reduction Currency System aid society within the community and we would like to make them a tool for deepening interpersonal relationships and trust." http://www.qoin.org/what-we-do/past-projects/kyoto4all/ Kyoto4All was a 2006 report written by Peter van Luttervelt, David Beatty and Edgar Kampers for the Dutch Ministry of Environment (then named VROM). The study described a series of monetary models to connect citizens-consumers to the climate change targets of the post-Kyoto period. The Maia Maia Emissions Reduction Currency System, is a scheme developed in Western Australia. The system currency is known as a "boya", named after the indigenous Nyungar people's word for rock trading tokens used by

neg: Romanian leu Romanian leu The Romanian leu (, plural lei ; sign: L; ISO 4217 code: RON; numeric code: 946) is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 (, singular: ), a word that is also used for "money" in the Romanian language. The name of the currency means "lion", and is derived from the Dutch thaler ( "lion thaler/dollar"). In 1860, the Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza attempted to create a national "românul" ("The Romanian") and the "romanat"; however, the project was not approved by the Ottoman Empire. On April 22, 1867, a bimetallic currency was adopted, with the leu

neg: Redenomination at some point in the cycle. After a redenomination, the new unit often has the same name as the old unit, with the addition of the word "new". The word "new" may or may not be dropped a few years after the change. Sometimes the new unit is a completely new name, or a "recycled" name from previous redenomination or from ancient times. The currency was decimalised in all countries where a pounds-shillings-pence £sd system (£1 = 20 shillings = 240 pence) was previously used. Several countries chose to change the main currency unit at the same time. By defining

neg: French franc the First World War. The common currency was based on the franc germinal, with the name franc already being used in Switzerland and Belgium, whilst other countries minted local denominations, redeemable across the bloc with 1-to-1 parity, though with local names: e.g., the peseta. In 1873, the LMU went over to a purely gold standard of 1 franc = 0.290322581 grams of gold. The outbreak of World War I caused France to leave the gold standard of the LMU. The war severely undermined the franc's strength: war expenditure, inflation and postwar reconstruction, financed partly by printing ever more money, reduced

neg: New France livre New France livre The livre was the currency of New France, the French colony in modern-day Canada. It was subdivided into 20 "sols", each of 12 "deniers". The New France livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of paper money. After an initial period during which barter prevailed, the French livre began to circulate. In order to encourage coins into the colony, those circulating in New France were valued at a premium, creating a "monnoye de pays" (monnaie de pays in Modern French) worth less than the French currency ("monnoye de France", monnaie de France in Modern

neg: Jersey pound is desired JEP is generally used. Both Jersey and Bank of England notes are legal tender in Jersey and circulate together, alongside the Guernsey pound and Scottish banknotes. The Jersey notes are not legal tender in the United Kingdom but are legal currency, so creditors and traders may accept them if they so choose. The livre was the currency of Jersey until 1834. It consisted of French coins which, in the early 19th century, were exchangeable for sterling at a rate of 26 livres = 1 pound. After the livre was replaced by the franc in France in 1795, the

neg: Chambéry 1603. The actual name supposedly comes from the Gaulois term "camboritos" (a ford situated in a curve). The Latin name "cambarius", meaning beer brewer, may also explain the name. Another hypothesis is that the Gallo-Roman name Camberiacum suggests the idea of currency changing ("cambium") or trade ("camerinum" : market), or perhaps, a room ("camera") where the toll taxes are collected. Chambéry is right on the boundary between the humid subtropical and oceanic climates under the Köppen system. In spite of this it is highly influenced by its interior position within France, resulting in quite hot summers, and winters with frequent

neg: Gaucho (currency) without any initial plans to establish a common currency. Later, in 1994, Brazil established the Brazilian real, still in use, putting an end to the frequent currency changes that took place in the country throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. On such panorama, the Gaucho plan has been virtually shelved. On 17 July 1987, in the city of Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina), President Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and President José Sarney of Brazil signed Protocol Number 20 which stated the following: Considering: Viedma, 17 July 1987 Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used

neg: Service parts pricing the benefit is measured in terms of currency (money) and hence the name economic value. It should be noted that economic value is not the same as market price – if a consumer is paying for a product or a service his measure of "perceived" value from the same could be higher than what he pays for it in the market. The maximum amount (of something, usually currency) that the consumer would agree to pay for a product or service is called "willingness to pay (WTP)". It follows, therefore, that a consumer would buy a product or a service at

neg: Larin (currency) of the island. A 17th century larin would weigh about 4.75 grams. It was traditionally tariffed at 5.5 lari to the Spanish colonial piece of eight. Lari is the root of coin denominations used in Georgia and the Maldives. Larin (currency) Larin (plural: lari) is the name of a class of objects serving as coins in areas around the Arabian Sea. The name is derived from Lar, a Persian town that according to tradition would have been the first to produce lari. A larin was a piece of silver wire of about 10 centimeters long, usually folded in two equal

neg: Catalan peseta Catalan peseta The peseta was a unit of currency in Catalonia until 1850, when the whole of Spain decimalized. It was also a name used throughout Spain for an amount of 4 reales de vellón. In Catalonia, the peseta was subdivided into 6 "sueldos", each of 4 "quartos" (also spelled "cuartos"), 8 "ochavos" or 12 "dineros". Five pesetas were equal to one duro, which was itself equal to the Spanish 8 "reales de plata fuerte" (Spanish dollar). In the new, decimal currency, the peseta was worth 4 reales. The name peseta reappeared in 1868 for the new Spanish currency. Its

neg: Belarusian ruble to ease the cash situation. The German word "Taler" (), divided into 100 "hrosh" () was suggested as the name for a Belarusian currency; but the Communist majority in the Supreme Soviet of Belarus rejected the proposal and stuck to the word "ruble" that was usual for Belarus from the times of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire. In the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania of which Belarus was a major part, the word "ruble" has also been used as a name for a currency in circulation (see Lithuanian long currency). From the collapse of the Soviet Union until

neg: Currency order to remove the confusion that there are dozens of currencies called the dollar and many called the franc. Even the pound is used in nearly a dozen different countries; most of these are tied to the Pound Sterling, while the remainder have varying values. In general, the three-letter code uses the ISO 3166-1 country code for the first two letters and the first letter of the name of the currency (D for dollar, for instance) as the third letter. United States currency, for instance is globally referred to as USD. The International Monetary Fund uses a variant system when

neg: Local currency in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: "See List of Canadian community currencies"<br> Mexico: United States: "See List of community currencies in the United States" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a

neg: Icelandic króna Icelandic króna The króna (; plural krónur) (sign: kr; code: ISK) is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the smallest country to have its own currency and monetary policy. Like the Nordic currencies (such as the Danish krone, Swedish krona and Norwegian krone) that participated in the historical Scandinavian Monetary Union, the name "króna" (meaning "crown") comes from the Latin word "corona" ("crown"). The name "Icelandic crown" is sometimes used, for example in the financial markets. The word "eyrir" derives from Latin "aureus" ("golden"), there being historically 100 gold pieces to a crown. The Danish krone was introduced to Iceland

neg: Absolute currency strength strength. Shorter or longer timeframes are used for alternately shorter or longer outlooks. Extreme high and low percentage values occur less frequently but indicate stronger momentum of currency. ACS is in most cases used as support indicator for Relative currency strength indicator. But it can be used by itself for currency trading. One can use Absolute currency strength for pattern trading as well. Combination of RCS and ACS indicators gives entry and exit signals for currency trading. Indicator basic idea is "buy strong currency and sell weak currency". If is X/Y currency pair in uptrend, it shows if it is

neg: Reserve Bank of Vanuatu Reserve Bank of Vanuatu The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu is the central bank of Vanuatu. It was initially known as the Central Bank of Vanuatu after the nation's independence from France and the United Kingdom. The bank began operations on 1 January 1981 and was initially responsible for currency exchange. It established the Vatu as the national currency to replace the circulation of the New Hebrides franc and Australian dollar. The bank also replaced the role of the Banque Indosuez Vanuatu. The institution's name was changed to the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu in May 1989 and its responsibility over the

neg: Miriam (given name) the Western and Arab worlds. In the Quran, Mary's name assumed the Arabic form "Maryam" (مريم), which has also passed into other languages. The Greek variant "Maria" passed into Latin and from thence into many modern European languages. The letter "y" in the transliteration "Miryam" represents the palatal glide /j/. The metathesized spelling "Myriam" has also gained some currency, especially in France, alongside "Miriam" and "Miryam". The name of Israeli or Lebanese people called "Miriam" may be transliterated "Miryam" or "Myriam" depending on whether the context of the transliteration is French or English. Miriam (given name) Miriam () is a

neg: German Papiermark German Papiermark The name Papiermark (; , officially just "Mark", sign: ℳ) is applied to the German currency from 4 August 1914 when the link between the Goldmark and gold was abandoned, due to the outbreak of World War I. In particular, the name is used for the banknotes issued during the hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and especially 1923. From 1914, the value of the Mark fell. The rate of inflation rose following the end of World War I and reached its highest point in October 1923. The currency was stabilized in November 1923 after the announcement of the

neg: Greek drachma Greek drachma Drachma ( , ; pl. "drachmae" or "drachmas") was the currency used in Greece during several periods in its history: It was also a small unit of weight. The name "drachma" is derived from the verb (, "(I) grasp"). It is believed that the same word with the meaning of "handful" or "handle" is found in Linear B tablets of the Mycenean Pylos. Initially a drachma was a fistful (a "grasp") of six "oboloí" or "obeloí" (metal sticks, literally "spits") used as a form of currency as early as 1100 BC and being a form of "bullion": bronze,

neg: Papua New Guinean kina no longer legal tender Papua New Guinean kina The kina (ISO 4217 currency code: "PGK", the currency symbol: "K") is the currency of Papua New Guinea. It is divided into 100 "toea". The kina was introduced on 19 April 1975, and circulated along with the Australian dollar until 1 January 1976, when the dollar ceased to be legal tender. The name "kina" is derived from Kuanua language of the Tolai region, referring to a callable pearl shell used widely for trading in both the Coastal and Highlands areas of the country. In 1975, coins were introduced for 1, 2, 5,

neg: Papua New Guinean kina Papua New Guinean kina The kina (ISO 4217 currency code: "PGK", the currency symbol: "K") is the currency of Papua New Guinea. It is divided into 100 "toea". The kina was introduced on 19 April 1975, and circulated along with the Australian dollar until 1 January 1976, when the dollar ceased to be legal tender. The name "kina" is derived from Kuanua language of the Tolai region, referring to a callable pearl shell used widely for trading in both the Coastal and Highlands areas of the country. In 1975, coins were introduced for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 toea

neg: Argentine peso sometimes preceded by a "$" sign and sometimes, particularly in formal use, by symbols identifying that it was a specific currency, for example $m/n100 or m$n100 for pesos moneda nacional. The peso introduced in 1992 is just called "peso" (until 2002 "peso convertible"), and is written preceded by a "$" sign only. Earlier pesos replaced currencies also called peso, and sometimes two varieties of peso coexisted, making it necessary to have a distinguishing term to use, at least in the transitional period; the 1992 peso replaced a currency with a different name, "austral". The "peso" was a name often used

neg: Philippine peso Philippine peso The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso ( , , plural pesos; ; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 centavos or "sentimos" in Filipino. As a former colony of the United States, the country used English on its currency, with the word "peso" appearing on notes and coinage until 1967. Since the adoption of the usage of the Filipino language on banknotes and coins, the term ""piso"" is now used. From September 2017 to 2 August 2018, the ISO 4217 standard referred to the

neg: Roman Republican currency Roman Republican currency Roman Republican currency refers to the gold and silver Coinage struck by the various magistrates of the Roman Republic, to be used as legal tender. In modern times, the abbreviation RRC, "Roman Republican Coinage" originally the name of a reference work on the topic by Michael H. Crawford, has come to be used as an identifying tag for coins assigned a number in that work, such as RRC 367. Coins came late to the Republic compared with the rest of the Mediterranean, especially Greece and Asia Minor where coins were invented in the 7th century BC. The

neg: CFA franc two CFA franc currencies is widely assumed. CFA francs is used in fourteen countries: twelve nations formerly ruled by France in West and Central Africa (excluding Guinea and Mauritania, which withdrew), plus Guinea-Bissau (a former Portuguese colony), and Equatorial Guinea (a former Spanish colony). These fourteen countries have a combined population of 147.5 million people (as of 2013), and a combined GDP of US$166.6 billion (as of 2012). The ISO currency codes are XAF for the Central African CFA franc and XOF for the West African CFA franc. The currency has been criticized for making economic planning for the developing

neg: Golden Twenties printed currency was often used as domestic fuel and everyday requirements such as food, soap, and electricity cost a wheelbarrow full of banknotes. It was only after radical economic reform measures initiated by the Weimar Republic, such as introduction of a new currency, the "Rentenmark", tighter fiscal control, and a reduction in bureaucratic hurdles led to an environment of economic stability and prosperity in Germany. In the United States, the period was called the Roaring Twenties; and in France, it was known as "Les Années folles." The Golden Twenties in Germany is often referred to as a borrowed time, meaning