query: who is the first hispanic supreme court justice

pos: Sonia Sotomayor Sonia Sotomayor Sonia Maria Sotomayor (; born June 25, 1954) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Barack Obama in May 2009 and confirmed in August 2009. She has the distinction of being its first justice of Hispanic descent and the first Latina. Sotomayor was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Puerto Rican-born parents. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated "summa cum laude" from Princeton University in 1976 and received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 1979, where

pos: Sonia Sotomayor Sonia Sotomayor Sonia Maria Sotomayor (; born June 25, 1954) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Barack Obama in May 2009 and confirmed in August 2009. She has the distinction of being its first justice of Hispanic descent and the first Latina. Sotomayor was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Puerto Rican-born parents. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated "summa cum laude" from Princeton University in 1976 and received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 1979, where

neg: Rosemary Barkett Rosemary Barkett Rosemary Barkett (born August 29, 1939) is a Judge of the Iran–United States Claims Tribunal. Previously, she served as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Prior to her nomination for that post, she was Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court. Born in Mexico to parents who were emigrants from Syria, she is recognized as the first woman, Arab American, and Hispanic judge (of Syrian descent) on the Florida Supreme Court—contrasting with Justice Raoul Cantero who was the first Justice of Hispanic descent. Born Rosemary Barakat in Ciudad

neg: Raoul G. Cantero III extensive experience as an appellate attorney. Cantero is regarded as the first Florida Supreme Court Justice of Hispanic descent, contrasting with Rosemary Barkett who was the first Justice to meet the Census criteria for being Hispanic due to her birth in Mexico to Syrian parents and the fact that her first language was Spanish. During the George W. Bush presidency he was mentioned as a potential Supreme Court nominee. On April 11, 2008, Cantero announced he would resign from the Florida Supreme Court, due to his family's desire to return to Miami, their hometown. His last day on the court

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States Obama. In 2009, Obama appointed Sonia Sotomayor, a woman of Puerto Rican descent, to be the first unequivocally Hispanic Justice. Both the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials and the Hispanic National Bar Association count Sotomayor as the first Hispanic justice. Some historians contend that Cardozo—a Sephardic Jew believed to be of distant Portuguese descent—should also be counted as the first Hispanic Justice. Schmidhauser wrote in 1979 that "[a]mong the large ethnic groupings of European origin which have never been represented upon the Supreme Court are the Italians, Southern Slavs, and Hispanic Americans." The National Hispanic Center for

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States sworn in on August 8—is the first Supreme Court Justice of Latin American descent. Born in New York City of Puerto Rican parents, she has been known to refer to herself as a "Nuyorican". Sotomayor is also generally regarded as the first Hispanic justice, although some sources claim that this distinction belongs to former Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo. It has been claimed that "only since the George H. W. Bush administration have Hispanic candidates received serious consideration from presidents in the selection process", and that Emilio M. Garza (considered for the vacancy eventually given to Clarence Thomas) was the first

neg: Rosemary Barkett History, alongside a description of immigration patterns and a recipe for making hummus. Rosemary Barkett Rosemary Barkett (born August 29, 1939) is a Judge of the Iran–United States Claims Tribunal. Previously, she served as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Prior to her nomination for that post, she was Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court. Born in Mexico to parents who were emigrants from Syria, she is recognized as the first woman, Arab American, and Hispanic judge (of Syrian descent) on the Florida Supreme Court—contrasting with Justice Raoul Cantero

neg: Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates ultimately decided that Breyer seemed "heartless." "I don't see enough humanity", Clinton told his staff. "I want a judge with soul." Clinton then considered a list of "firsts" for diversity purposes: David Tatel, a Washington lawyer who had served in the Carter Administration who would be the first blind justice; Jose Cabranes, a district court judge who would be the first Hispanic justice, and D.C. Circuit judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who, Stephanopoulos writes, "would be the first Jewish justice since Abe Fortas, and the first woman to be appointed by a Democrat. More important, she was a pioneer in the

neg: Jorge Labarga Charlie Crist to the Fourth District Court of Appeal for Florida, an intermediate appellate court based in West Palm Beach, Florida. He served in that position only a single day, January 5, 2009. His term on that court was cut short when Governor Crist quickly elevated Labarga to the Florida Supreme Court to replace retiring Justice Harry Lee Anstead. On June 30, 2014, Larbarga was sworn in as the 56th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida, replacing former Chief Justice Ricky Polston. Labarga is the first person of Hispanic descent to lead the state of Florida's judicial branch.

neg: Paul De Muniz three children; Carrie, Peter and Michael. De Muniz has chaired the Sakhalin/Oregon Rule of Law partnership and served on the Judicial Fitness and Disability Commission, the Oregon State Bar's Board of Bar Examiners, the Supreme Court Access to Justice for All Committee, and the Oregon Criminal Justice Council. Paul De Muniz Paul J. De Muniz (born June 8, 1947) is a retired American judge in the state of Oregon. He is the first Hispanic Chief Justice in the history of the Oregon Supreme Court. He was elected to the court in 2000, and elected as Chief Justice in 2006. He

neg: Sonia Sotomayor vote was largely along party lines, with no Democrats opposing her and nine Republicans supporting her. President Obama commissioned Sotomayor on the day of her confirmation; Sotomayor was sworn in on August 8, 2009, by Chief Justice John Roberts. Sotomayor is the first Hispanic to serve on the Supreme Court. Some attention has been given to Justice Benjamin Cardozo – a Sephardic Jew believed to be of distant Portuguese descent – as the first Hispanic on the court when appointed in 1932, but his roots were uncertain, the term "Hispanic" was not in use as an ethnic identifier at the

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States Advanced Studies and Policy Analysis wrote in 1982 that the Supreme Court "has never had an Hispanic Justice", and the "Hispanic American Almanac" similarly reported in 1996 that "no Hispanic has yet sat on the U.S. Supreme Court". However, Segal and Spaeth state: "Though it is often claimed that no Hispanics have served on the Court, it is not clear why Benjamin Cardozo, a Sephardic Jew of Spanish heritage, should not count." They identify a number of other sources that present conflicting views as to Cardozo's ethnicity, with one simply labeling him "Iberian." In 2007, the "Dictionary of Latino Civil

neg: Supreme Court of the United States of a chief justice, currently John Roberts, and eight associate justices. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of days () as of ; the most recent justice to join the court is Brett Kavanaugh, whose tenure began on October 6, 2018. This graphical timeline depicts the length of each current Supreme Court justice's tenure (not seniority) on the Court: The Court currently has six male and three female justices. Among the nine justices, there is one African-American (Justice Thomas) and one Hispanic (Justice Sotomayor). Two of the justices were born

neg: Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates nearly half of all law school graduates. Shortly before the election, for example, NPR reported, "Most observers of the Supreme Court agree about one thing: The next nominee is likely to be a woman". Furthermore, after Obama's presidential election victory, Hispanic legal interests groups such as the Hispanic National Bar Association began urging Obama to nominate a Hispanic justice. Given the relative youth of the most recent Republican appointments, it was also noted that Democrats had "a strong incentive to pick younger justices this time around". Age proved to be an important consideration for Obama, who was "looking for a

neg: Scott Brister Scott Brister Scott Andrew Brister (born January 8, 1955) is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, who served from November 2003 until September 2009. He was appointed by Governor Rick Perry to serve the remainder of the term of Justice Craig T. Enoch. He was then elected to a regular six-year term in November 2004. Brister resigned from the court effective September 7, 2009, before the scheduled end of his term on December 31, 2010. He was succeeded on the court by Eva Guzman, the first female Hispanic to serve on the body. He is now employed

neg: Willamette University was the first woman to hold statewide elected office in Oregon as secretary of state. Government officials who have graduated from Willamette include members from both the judicial and legislative branches of government. Oregon Supreme Court's first Hispanic American chief justice, Paul De Muniz, graduated from the College of Law, as did his predecessor, Wallace P. Carson, Jr. Current Oregon State Supreme Court justice Virginia Linder also received her J.D. from Willamette. California Democratic congressman Sam Farr who served from 1993 through 2017, successfully introduced the 2007 "Oceans Conservation, Education and National Strategy for the 21st Century Act." He attended

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan Court. In the 1970s–1980s, Justice Dorab Patel was the first Zorastrian, followed by Justice Rustom Sidwa who served as Supreme Court justice from 1989 until 1993. Justice Rana Bhagwandas was the first Hindu jurist who has distinction being the Chief Justice of Pakistan in 2007. Justice Qazi Faez Isa is of the Hazara descent who is currently serving as the justice of the Supreme court. The jurists/judges do not represent or receive the official political endorsements from the nation's political parties which is an acceptable professional practice in the executive branch of the government. As their American counterparts in the

neg: Supreme Court of Mississippi the only African-American justice, though not the first to serve on the court. The first female justice was Lenore Prather, who became chief justice; the first African-American was Reuben Anderson. To date, no female African-American justice has served on the Mississippi Supreme Court. Supreme Court of Mississippi The Supreme Court of Mississippi is the highest court in the state of Mississippi. It was created in the first constitution of the state following its admission as a State of the Union in 1817. Initially it was known as the "High Court of Errors and Appeals." The court is an appellate court,

neg: Miriam Naveira and a Suzanne Olive EEO and Diversity Award both by the EPA. She was also the first Hispanic woman to serve as branch chief of the EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) and later the first Hispanic woman to become deputy director of NERL's Environmental Sciences Division. Miriam Naveira Miriam Naveira de Merly (July 28, 1934 – April 15, 2018) was a Puerto Rican jurist who served in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico from 1985 to 2004. Naveira was the first woman to serve on the court as well as the first female Chief Justice (2003-2004). Naveira was born

neg: My Beloved World 38,000 hardback copies in its first week, per Nielsen BookScan, putting it on track to become one of the top-selling books by a Supreme Court justice. For all of 2013, it sold over 190,000 hardcover copies. My Beloved World My Beloved World is a memoir written by Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic justice on the United States Supreme Court, about her childhood, education, and life through 1992. In July 2010, Sotomayor agreed to publish a memoir, described as "a coming-of-age" book by publisher Alfred A. Knopf, for which she received an advance of nearly $1.2 million. A simultaneous Spanish-language edition

neg: Benjamin N. Cardozo Jeffrey Rosen noted in a "The New York Times" Book Review of Richard Polenberg's book on Cardozo: Cardozo was the second Jewish justice to be appointed to the Supreme Court, the first being Louis Brandeis. Cardozo was a member of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community. Since the appointment of Justice Sonia Sotomayor there has been discussion as to whether he should be considered the 'first Hispanic justice,' although in 1492 the Spanish Crown expelled resident Jews who would not convert, and persecuted some who did. In response to this controversy, Cardozo biographer Kaufman questioned the usage of the term

neg: Darleen Ortega 2017, Oregon Supreme Court justice Jack Landau announced his retirement. The Oregon State Bar included Ortega on its list of nine high-qualified candidates that Governor Kate Brown could pick from when filling the Supreme Court vacancy. Darleen Ortega Darleen Ortega (born 1962) is an American attorney and judge in the state of Oregon. A native of California, she has served on the Oregon Court of Appeals since 2003. She is the first woman of Hispanic heritage and the first woman of color to serve on that court. Ortega was born Darleen Mock in Montebello, California, to a Caucasian father and

neg: Mary Yu was appointed by Washington Governor Jay Inslee to the Washington Supreme Court, making her the first openly LGBTQ member of the court, in addition to the first Latina-American and Asian-American. She is the 11th woman to serve on the Washington Supreme Court (and one of six currently serving), the first person of Asian descent, the third person of Hispanic descent, and the first Hispanic woman. Yu, who is openly gay, is also the first LGBT person to hold this position. Yu is one of twelve LGBT state supreme court justices currently serving in the United States. She was sworn in

neg: California courts of appeal extensive judicial misconduct. When there is a vacancy on the Supreme Court of California, or if a Supreme Court justice recuses him or herself from a case, a Court of Appeal justice is temporarily assigned to hear each Supreme Court case requiring such assignment. When there are vacancies on the Court of Appeal, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court temporarily assigns a judge from the superior court to sit as a Court of Appeal justice. Some of the appellate districts (First and Second) are divided into divisions that have four appellate justices, who are randomly selected to form three-justice

neg: New Hampshire Supreme Court the Supreme Court have all the authority of a Supreme Court justice to hear arguments, render decisions and file opinions. However, no justice shall be assigned to sit on the Supreme Court in the determination of any cause or matter upon which the justice has previously sat or for which such justice is not otherwise disqualified nor without the justice's own consent. The state constitution provides two methods for removing judicial officers, based on who is bringing such action: In 1790, the first impeachment trial of a Supreme Court justice was commenced against Judge Woodbury Langdon from Portsmouth, a brother

neg: Supreme Court of India Hegde, R. F. Nariman, U. U. Lalit, L. Nageswara Rao and Indu Malhotra—have been appointed to the supreme court directly from the bar (i.e. who were practising advocates). The supreme court saw its first woman judge when Justice M. Fathima Beevi was sworn into office in 1989. The seventh and the most recent woman judge in the court is Justice Indu Malhotra. In 1968, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the first Muslim Chief Justice of India. In 2000, Justice K. G. Balakrishnan became the first judge from the "dalit" community. In 2007 he also became the first "dalit" Chief Justice of

neg: Alberto Gonzales justice are not included. A justice "writes" an opinion if the justice has primary responsibility for the opinion. Justices are assisted by a law clerk who may play an important role in the actual analysis of legal issues and drafting of the opinion. The Texas Supreme Court issued 84 opinions during Gonzales's tenure on the court, according to LexisNexis. Alberto Gonzales Alberto R. Gonzales (born August 4, 1955) is an American lawyer who served as the 80th United States Attorney General, appointed in February 2005 by President George W. Bush, becoming the highest-ranking Hispanic American in executive government to date.

neg: Stanford Law School women to occupy Chief Justice or Associate Justice posts on supreme courts: current Chief Justice of New Zealand Sian Elias, retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the late Associate Justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court Rhoda V. Lewis, and the late Chief Justice of Washington Barbara Durham. Other justices of supreme courts who graduated from Stanford Law include the late Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist, retired Chief Justice of California Ronald M. George, retired California Supreme Court Justice Carlos R. Moreno, and the late California Supreme Court Justice Frank K. Richardson. Stanford first offered a

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States represent all geographic regions of the country, as opposed to ethnic, religious, or gender diversity. The 20th century saw the first appointment of justices who were Jewish (Louis Brandeis, 1916), African-American (Thurgood Marshall, 1967), female (Sandra Day O'Connor, 1981), and Italian-American (Antonin Scalia, 1986). The 21st century saw the first appointment of a Hispanic justice (Sonia Sotomayor, 2009), if justice Benjamin Cardozo, who was a Sephardi Jew of Portuguese descent and appointed in 1932, is excluded. In spite of the interest in the Court's demographics and the symbolism accompanying the inevitably political appointment process, and the views of some commentators

neg: History of the United States (2008–present) was celebrated by many, and President Obama advertised his support for the ruling by coloring the White House in gay pride colors using lights. This ruling was not achieved without controversy, as it did little to change the minds of those that disapproved of homosexuality in general. In regards to the Supreme Court, President Obama faced three vacancies during his administration. Justice David Souter retired in June 2009 and the president nominated as his replacement Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history. Justice John Paul Stevens retired exactly one year later and Obama replaced him with

neg: Carlos R. Moreno remainder of the term of his deceased predecessor, Justice Stanley Mosk. In 2010, California voters confirmed Justice Moreno to a full 12-year term. As an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court, Moreno reviewed on appeal a wide range of civil and criminal cases, which have substantial state and federal constitutional implications. With his appointment to the Supreme Court of California, he became only the third judge of Hispanic heritage to serve in the Court's nearly 150-year history, and the first in more than a decade, since Cruz Reynoso. On January 6, 2011, Moreno announced his intention to retire from

neg: Hispanic and Latino Americans became the first Supreme Court Associate Justice of Hispanic or Latino origin. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC), founded in December 1976, and the Congressional Hispanic Conference (CHC), founded on March 19, 2003, are two organizations that promote policy of importance to Americans of Hispanic descent. They are divided into the two major American political parties: The Congressional Hispanic Caucus is composed entirely of Democratic representatives, whereas the Congressional Hispanic Conference is composed entirely of Republican representatives. Hispanics and Latinos have participated in the military of the United States and in every major military conflict from the American Revolution onward. 11%

neg: Alberto Gonzales Alberto Gonzales Alberto R. Gonzales (born August 4, 1955) is an American lawyer who served as the 80th United States Attorney General, appointed in February 2005 by President George W. Bush, becoming the highest-ranking Hispanic American in executive government to date. He was the first Hispanic to serve as White House Counsel. Earlier he had been Bush's General Counsel during his governorship of Texas. Gonzales had also served as Secretary of State of Texas and then as a Texas Supreme Court Justice. Gonzales's tenure as U.S. Attorney General was marked by controversy regarding warrantless surveillance of U.S. citizens and the

neg: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States seniority. The senior associate justice is also tasked with carrying out the chief justices's duties when he is unable to, or if that office is vacant. Historically, associate justices were styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions and other writings. The title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice. There are eight associate justices on the Supreme Court. The justices, ordered by seniority, are: An associate justice who leaves the Supreme Court after attaining the age and meeting the service requirements prescribed by federal statute () may retire rather than resign.

neg: José A. Cabranes accounts reported that in 1993 Cabranes was considered by President Clinton for appointment to the seat on the Supreme Court of the United States that ultimately went to Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Had he been appointed, Cabranes would have been the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice. These reports are confirmed in the memoir of former Clinton administration adviser George Stephanopoulos, "All Too Human: A Political Education". Newspaper accounts in 1994 likewise reported that Cabranes was considered for the vacancy created by the retirement of Justice Harry Blackmun, which ultimately was filled by Stephen Breyer. The following decisions, among others, appear in

neg: Supreme Court of the United States with the consent of the retired justice. In recent years, Justice O'Connor has sat with several Courts of Appeals around the country, and Justice Souter has frequently sat on the First Circuit, the court of which he was briefly a member before joining the Supreme Court. The status of a retired justice is analogous to that of a circuit or district court judge who has taken senior status, and eligibility of a supreme court justice to assume retired status (rather than simply resign from the bench) is governed by the same age and service criteria. In recent times, justices tend

neg: Paul De Muniz Paul De Muniz Paul J. De Muniz (born June 8, 1947) is a retired American judge in the state of Oregon. He is the first Hispanic Chief Justice in the history of the Oregon Supreme Court. He was elected to the court in 2000, and elected as Chief Justice in 2006. He won re-election in May 2006 for another six-year term on the state's highest court. De Muniz previously served on the Oregon Court of Appeals for ten years. Born in June 8, 1947, in Glendale, California, De Muniz’s family lived there until Paul turned six when the family relocated

neg: Cynthia D. Kinser Cynthia D. Kinser Cynthia Dinah Kinser (born December 20, 1951) is a Virginia lawyer who served as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Justice Kinser was elected by the Virginia General Assembly to her first 12-year term to the Virginia Supreme Court in 1998, after being appointed by Governor George Allen to fill a 1997 vacancy. Justice Kinser was elected to a second 12-year term during the 2010 session of the General Assembly. Justice Kinser became Chief Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court on February 1, 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office of

neg: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States Hispanic judge for whom such an appointment was contemplated. Subsequently, Bill Clinton was reported by several sources to have considered José A. Cabranes for a Supreme Court nomination on both occasions when a Court vacancy opened during the Clinton presidency. The possibility of a Hispanic Justice returned during the George W. Bush Presidency, with various reports suggesting that Emilio Garza, Alberto Gonzales, and Consuelo M. Callahan were under consideration for the vacancy left by the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor. O'Connor's seat eventually went to Samuel Alito, however. Speculation about a Hispanic nomination arose again after the election of Barack

neg: Susan Christensen the Iowa Supreme Court to fill the vacancy left by the retirement of Bruce B. Zager. On September 21, 2018 she was sworn into office. Christensen is Reynolds' first appointment to the Iowa Supreme Court. She became the first female since 2011 and the third female overall to join the court. Christensen was born and raised in Harlan, Iowa. Her father was former Justice Jerry L. Larson who served on the Supreme Court from 1978–2008. She is a registered Republican. Susan Christensen Susan Kay Christensen (born April 27, 1962) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Iowa. Christensen

neg: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines. As of November 28, 2018, the position is currently held by Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte following the mandatory retirement of his predecessor Teresita Leonardo-De Castro in October 2018. The Chief Justice, who was first named in June 11, 1901 in the person of Cayetano Arellano, is the oldest existing major governmental office continually held by a Filipino, preceding the

neg: Susie Sharp Susie Sharp Susie Marshall Sharp (July 7, 1907 – March 1, 1996) was an American jurist who served as the first female chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. She was not the first woman to head the highest court in a U.S. state, but is believed to be the first woman elected to such a post in a state, like North Carolina, in which the position is elected by the people separately from that of Associate Justice. In 1965, Lorna E. Lockwood became the first female chief justice of a state supreme court, but in Arizona, the Supreme

neg: Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera Ameurfina Aguinaldo Melencio-Herrera (born 11 May 1922) served as an Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court from 1979-92. She was the second woman appointed to the Supreme Court, filling the vacancy left by the retirement of the first female Supreme Court Justice, Cecilia Muñoz-Palma. Born in Cabanatuan City to Jose P. and Carmen (née Aguinaldo) Melencio, Herrera is a granddaughter of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines. Among the future Justice's baptismal godfathers was Supreme Court Justice George A. Malcolm, who also happened to be the founder of the law school she would later attend,

neg: Ruth McGregor court on June 30, 2009, and was succeeded by John Pelander. Justice McGregor is an advocate of Arizona's version of the Missouri Plan for choosing state judges. The Los Abogados Hispanic Bar Association requested that the Arizona Court system cease using terms like "illegal" in cases and opinions. Justice Ruth McGregor in a letter, indicated that she has informed the judges of the organization's concerns with using terms like "illegal" "aliens" or "illegal immigrants." Ruth McGregor Ruth V. McGregor (born 1943) is a former justice of the Arizona Supreme Court. McGregor was a justice of the state's highest court from

neg: Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination Judiciary Committee on July 28, 2009, which then voted out a recommendation to the full Senate. Chairman Democrat Patrick Leahy of Vermont said he expected Sotomayor to be in the "mold of Justice Souter, who understands the real-world impact of the Court's decisions, rather than the mold of conservative activists who second-guess Congress." Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania said, "Her confirmation would add needed diversity in two ways: the first Hispanic and the third woman to serve on the high court." Russ Feingold of Wisconsin said that "from all accounts, she is a highly qualified and very experienced judge." Orrin Hatch

neg: History of the Supreme Court of the United States "The Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home." On August 8, 2009, Sonia Sotomayor became the first Hispanic-American to serve on the Supreme Court after being nominated by Barack Obama and confirmed by the Senate to replace the retiring Justice David Souter. On May 10, 2010, President Obama nominated Elena Kagan to replace the retiring Justice John Paul Stevens. She was confirmed on August 7, 2010. On March 16, 2016, President Obama nominated Merrick Garland to

neg: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia () is the head of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. The chief justice and his or her deputy is elected by the Supreme Court justices from among the members of the court. Sometimes the process is controversial and attracts public criticism. For example, in early 2012 rumours about vote buying were reported in the Jakarta press as speculation mounted about the arrangements underway for the selection of new chief justice to replace Harifin Tumpa, who retired as chief justice in March 2012. It

neg: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1 of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the Chief Justice is deemed as "primus inter pares" ("first among equals") among the Justices. Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court. Since

neg: John Carro of Judges of Hispanic Heritage. The Association of Judges of Hispanic Heritage now presents an annual "John Carro Award for Judicial Excellence". The John Carro Award is presented to a member of the judiciary who manifests both a comprehensive understanding of the law but also a commitment to the preservation of human rights. Past recipients include United States Supreme Court Justice Sonya Sotomayor. Throughout his career, Carro has been involved in many bar groups, associations, and committees, and in several instances was a founding member. As a young lawyer, he incorporated or organized the Hispanic or Latino Associations for a

neg: David M. Medina Hispanic National Bar Association and Texas Justice of the Year by the Mexican American Bar Association of Texas Foundation. The P.O.L.I.C.E. (Police Officers Looking into Court Room Excellence) recognized Justice Medina as its Texas Supreme Court Justice of the Year in 2005. Justice Medina is a Fellow of the State Bar of Texas, the Pro Bono College of Texas, and an Access to Justice Defender. Justice Medina is a 4th Degree Black Belt in Kajukenbo and a 1st Degree Black Belt in Taekwondo. Medina faced an indictment by a Harris County grand jury in connection with a fire at his

neg: Cecilia Altonaga $450,000 penalty against the City of Miami’s budget director for deceiving municipal bond investors, instead fining Michael Boudreaux $15,000. In July 2005, following the retirement of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Judge Altonaga's name was raised as a potential George W. Bush Supreme Court candidate, a position for which she was promoted by Florida's Hispanic community. However, it would be a very rare occurrence for a sitting District Court judge to be appointed to the Supreme Court. At 43, Altonaga was younger than most other Hispanics or women who were being mentioned as possible nominees, which might have made her a

neg: Supreme Court of Argentina former president of the International Association of Women Judges, is a self-professed feminist and atheist, who supports the legalization of abortion in Argentina. Eugenio Zaffaroni (the first to be designated through the public nomination method) is viewed as a politically center-left-wing guarantist Justice, and also a scholar of critical criminology. Supreme Court of Argentina The Supreme Court of Argentina ( literally Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation) is the highest court of law of the Argentine Republic. It was inaugurated on 15 January 1863. However, during much of the 20th century, the Court and the Argentine judicial system in

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court Justice Jeffrey Victory, who was elected to the Supreme Court in 1995, has contested Johnson's elevation to Chief Justice, arguing that she only became a full-fledged Supreme Court justice in 2000, when Johnson was first elected to fill a permanent seat on the Court. Others, such as New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu, support Justice Johnson's claim to be the most senior justice. Justice Johnson filed a federal lawsuit in the matter on July 5, 2012. On September 1, Federal District Court Judge Susie Morgan ruled that Johnson had seniority. Governor Bobby Jindal stated that it should be left to the

neg: Supreme Court of California Governor George Deukmejian was then able to elevate Associate Justice Malcolm M. Lucas to Chief Justice and appoint three new associate justices (one to replace Lucas in his old post and two to replace Reynoso and Grodin). Three current justices were appointed by Republicans (Cantil-Sakauye, Chin, and Corrigan) and three by a Democrat (Liu, Cuéllar, Kruger). There is one Filipino-American justice (Cantil-Sakauye), one Hispanic (Cuéllar), one African-American (Kruger), two East Asian-American justices (Chin and Liu), and one non-Hispanic white justice (Corrigan). The justices do not publicly discuss their religious views or affiliations. One justice earned an undergraduate degree from a

neg: Christine Wheeler 1996, becoming the first female Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia. In 2003 Justice Wheeler was one of the three judges of the Court of Criminal Appeal of the Supreme Court of Western Australia who took just ten days to reject the appeal of Andrew Mallard, who had been convicted of murder. In 2005 the High Court of Australia set aside this decision. In 2005 Justice Wheeler was made a judge in the Supreme Court's Appellate Court. Outside law, Wheeler was Pro-Chancellor of the University of Western Australia from 2001 to 2005. She was made an Officer of

neg: Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP is a leading Toronto-based Canadian law firm founded in 1862. Clients include industry and business firms in all segments of the market and at various stages in the growth of their businesses. Two Osler partners have been appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada: Bertha Wilson, who became the first female Justice on the Supreme Court; and Suzanne Côté, who currently serves on the Court. Former Supreme Court justice Marshall Rothstein is currently an Osler partner in the firm's Vancouver office. Former Governor General of Canada David Johnston completed his articles

neg: Supreme Court of Zimbabwe Supreme Court of Zimbabwe The Supreme Court of Zimbabwe is the highest court of order and the final court of appeal in Zimbabwe. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who, like the other justices, is appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. The court consists of five members including the chief Justice. It has original jurisdiction over alleged violations of fundamental rights guaranteed in the constitution and appellate jurisdiction over other matters. The Supreme Court is separate from the High Court. The Chief Justice, Luke Malaba, is the most

neg: Adrienne Nelson in February 2006, to replace Sidney Galton. She was re-elected to a new six-year term in 2012. Governor Kate Brown appointed Nelson to the Oregon Supreme Court in January 2018, to replace justice Jack Landau, who retired on December 31, 2017. Justice Nelson's current term on the Supreme Court ends in January 2019, and she is eligible to run for re-election in November 2018. Nelson is the first African-American to serve on the Oregon Supreme Court, or on any kind of appellate court in Oregon. Adrienne Nelson Adrienne Nelson (born 1967) is an American lawyer and judge who is an

neg: Politics of Guatemala Supreme Court of Justice, one is appointed by the President, one is elected by Superior Council of the Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by the Bar Association "(Colegio de Abogados);" The Supreme Court of Justice "(Corte Suprema de Justicia)" is Guatemala's highest court. It comprises thirteen members, who serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number. The president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms). The Supreme Court has an Appeal Court formed by 43 members. When

neg: Graciela Dixon Graciela Dixon Graciela Dixon is a former Chief Justice of the Corte Suprema de Justicia de Panamá (Supreme Court of Panama). She is widely considered to be the first woman of African descent to hold that position. Supreme Court magistrates in Panama serve fixed 10-year terms and elect, from among their peers, the Chief Justice, who serves for one two-year term. She was nominated by Panama, under the Rome Statute, to sit in the International Criminal Court in the Hague, however, this nomination was not successful. Prior to becoming a Supreme Court justice, Dixon spent 22 years in private legal

neg: First Monday in October (film) her final feature film role. "First Monday in October" was originally scheduled for a February 1982 release, but President Ronald Reagan's appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female Supreme Court justice on July 7, 1981, forced the film's release a month after the presidential nomination, in August 1981. The death of Stanley Moorehead, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, has created a vacancy on the high court. The president's appointee turns out to be Ruth Loomis, a staunch conservative from Orange County, California, who is confirmed as the first female Associate Justice. She and Associate Justice

neg: Chief Justice of Kenya Chief Justice is named. Where the Deputy Chief Justice position is also vacant, the senior-most Associate Justice of the Supreme Court will act as the President of the Supreme Court until a Chief Justice is named. An example of this occurred in 2016, when the senior Associate Justice Mohamed Ibrahim acted as the President of the Supreme Court following the early retirement of Chief Justice Willy Mutunga who turned 69 in June 2016, and the retirement of Deputy Chief Justice Kalpana Rawal who turned 70 in January 2016. The Chief Justice performs a wide range of judicial, administrative and ceremonial

neg: Chief Justice of Gibraltar Judicial Services Act. During Schofield's suspension, Additional Judge Anthony Dudley was acting Chief Justice. On 1 February 2010, The Convent announced that acting on the advice of the Judicial Services Commission, Governor Sir Adrian Johns had on behalf of Queen Elizabeth, formally appointed Anthony Dudley as Chief Justice of Gibraltar. He is the first Gibraltarian judge to be appointed Chief Justice of Gibraltar. Court system of Gibraltar Chief Justice of Gibraltar The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar is one of the four judges who make up the supreme court of Gibraltar. Previously the Chief Justice was appointed

neg: Utah Supreme Court Utah Supreme Court The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah, United States. It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution. The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members: a chief justice, an associate chief justice, and three justices. All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah, with confirmation by the Utah Senate. The five justices vote among themselves for the position of chief justice and associate chief justice, who each serve a term of four years. In 1850, the United States Congress passed "An Act to Establish a Territorial Government

neg: New Hampshire Supreme Court If a retired supreme court justice is unavailable, a justice of the superior court who has retired from regular active service shall be continuously assigned to fill a vacancy. The selection of a retired supreme or superior court justice shall be on a random basis. However, if neither a retired supreme or superior court justice is available, then the selection of a replacement justice shall be made on a random basis from a pool of full-time justices of the superior court, then from a pool of full-time justices of the district and probate courts. Justices assigned to sit temporarily on

neg: Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom Lords of Appeal in Ordinary became judges of the Supreme Court, except for Lord Scott of Foscote, who retired the day before the Court began business, and Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, who resigned to become Master of the Rolls. The former Master of the Rolls, Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, became a judge of the Supreme Court on its first day, the first Justice directly appointed to the Court, and Sir John Dyson was appointed on 13 April 2010, the first Justice not to be a peer. The Senior Law Lord on 1 October 2009, Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers, became

neg: Chief Justice of Albania the court. The incumbent President of the Supreme Court is Justice Xhezair Zaganjori, who was appointed to this position by the President on 24 April 2013, after a long and distinguished legal carrier, having last served as a member of the Constitutional Court of Albania. Chief Justice of Albania The Chief Justice of Albania, officially known as the President of the Supreme Court of Albania () is the most senior judge of the Supreme Court of Albania, who presides over every activity of the institution: he approves the internal regulations and the structure of the court, issues orders and directives

neg: Barack Obama was confirmed on August 6, 2009, becoming the first Supreme Court Justice of Hispanic descent. Obama nominated Elena Kagan on May 10, 2010 to replace retiring Associate Justice John Paul Stevens. She was confirmed on August 5, 2010, bringing the number of women sitting simultaneously on the Court to three justices for the first time in American history. On March 30, 2010, Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, a reconciliation bill that ended the process of the federal government giving subsidies to private banks to give out federally insured loans, increased the Pell Grant scholarship award, and

neg: Supreme Court of Haiti Supreme Court of Haiti The Supreme Court of Haiti () is the highest court in the Haitian legal system. The Supreme Court building is located in Port-au-Prince. From 1806-1817, the Senate of Haiti served judicial functions. The Supreme Court was first formed in 1817 under Petion's 1816 constitution as a body of a grand judge, dean, six judges and a government commissioner, all of whom were to be appointed for life. The first Grand Judge of the Supreme Court was André Dominique Sabourin, who concurrently served as Minister of Justice in Petion's cabinet. Other appointees to the court were: Jules

neg: Virginia Linder Barbara Lenk, Connecticut Supreme Court justice Andrew J. McDonald, Vermont Supreme Court justice Beth Robinson, and Washington Supreme Court justice Mary Yu. Her 2006 election campaign was supported by the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund. Virginia Linder Virginia Lynn Linder (born 1953) is an American judge from Oregon who served as the 99th justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from January 2007 until January 2016. She served on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 1997 until her election to the state's Supreme Court in the 2006, an electoral campaign in which she defeated former Labor Commissioner and Republican gubernatorial candidate

neg: Supreme Court of Zimbabwe senior justice. He succeeded the late Justice Godfrey Chidyausiku upon his retirement in 2017. The rest of the justices, ranked in order of seniority are: Supreme Court of Zimbabwe The Supreme Court of Zimbabwe is the highest court of order and the final court of appeal in Zimbabwe. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who, like the other justices, is appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. The court consists of five members including the chief Justice. It has original jurisdiction over alleged violations of fundamental rights guaranteed in

neg: Davis v. Ayala Black and Hispanic jurors who were available for jury service. The trial court judge allowed the prosecution to explain the basis for the peremptory challenges outside the presence of Ayala's counsel, "so as not to disclose trial strategy". Ayala was ultimately sentenced to death, but he filed several appeals challenging the constitutionality of the trial court's decision to exclude his counsel from the hearings. In a 5–4 opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito, the Supreme Court held that even if the trial court committed error, the error was harmless and that Ayala did not suffer any actual prejudice. Justice Sonia

neg: Supreme Court of Peru Supreme Court of Peru The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest judicial court in Peru. Its jurisdiction extends over the entire territory of the nation. It is headquartered in the Palace of Justice in Lima. The supreme court is composed of three Supreme Sectors: Integrated into the Supreme Court are the Supreme Speakers and Supreme Provisionary Speakers, who substitute the Supreme Speakers in case of absence. The Supreme Speakers are distributed into each one of the Supreme Sectors that the law establishes. The President of the Supreme Court and the Chief Speaker of the Office of the Control of

neg: Supreme Court of Haiti of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Supreme Court of Haiti The Supreme Court of Haiti () is the highest court in the Haitian legal system. The Supreme Court building is located in Port-au-Prince. From 1806-1817, the Senate of Haiti served judicial functions. The Supreme Court was first formed in 1817 under Petion's 1816 constitution as a body of a grand judge, dean, six judges and a government commissioner, all of whom were to be appointed for life. The first Grand Judge of the Supreme Court was André Dominique Sabourin, who concurrently served as Minister of Justice in Petion's cabinet. Other appointees

neg: Virginia Linder a professor at Willamette's law school. Linder was the first woman elected to the Oregon Supreme Court; all previous female justices had been appointed to fill vacancies. She was also the first ever openly lesbian member of a state supreme court anywhere in the nation and the first openly LGBT person elected as a non-incumbent to a state supreme court. When in office, she served as one of eight openly LGBT supreme court justices in the United States, alongside fellow Oregonian Rives Kistler, Colorado Supreme Court justice Monica Marquez, Hawaii Supreme Court justice Sabrina McKenna, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court justice

neg: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Chief Justice. The Senior Associate Justice is also usually designated as the chairperson of the second division of the Court. The following names became Senior Associate Justices in their term in the Supreme Court Only two persons appointed as Chief Justice had not previously served as Associate Justices. These were Cayetano Arellano, the first Chief Justice, and Jose Yulo, the former Speaker of the House of Representatives who was appointed as Chief Justice during the Japanese period. All other Chief Justices, except for Victorino Mapa, were incumbent Associate Justices at the time of their appointment as Chief Justice. Mapa had

neg: New Hampshire Supreme Court majority of the council agrees. Part II, Article 73 of the state constitution states all judicial officers shall hold their offices during good behavior, unless the constitution states otherwise. Part II, Article 78 limits judges of any court from holding court once that judge has reached the age of seventy years. According to RSA 490:3, when a justice of the Supreme Court has retired, is disqualified, or is unable to sit on a case, the chief justice or senior associate justice of the supreme court may assign a justice of the supreme court who has retired from regular active service.

neg: Arkansas Supreme Court Supreme Court includes: Under the state's first constitution, the Arkansas Supreme Court consisted of three judges including one Chief Justice, and all three of whom were elected by the Arkansas General Assembly. The first judges elected to the court by the Assembly were Daniel Ringo as Chief Justice (who served from 1836 to 1844), Townsend Dickinson (who served until 1842), and Thomas J. Lacy (whose term lasted until 1845). No change to the court's size occurred after Reconstruction, but the Arkansas Constitution of 1874 was amended in 1924 (Amendment 9) to add two more judges and allow the Assembly to

neg: Eva Guzman Eva Guzman Eva Martinez Guzman (born January 12, 1961, in Chicago, Illinois) is a member of the Texas Supreme Court, the highest court of appeals for civil and juvenile cases of the State of Texas. She was appointed to Place 9 on the court by Governor Rick Perry in the fall of 2009 to fill the seat vacated by Justice Scott Brister, who had resigned with more than a year left in his term. Guzman is one of seven children of Mexican immigrant parents. She was raised in Houston, where she graduated from the predominantly Hispanic Stephen F. Austin High

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court (No Party) is from Lafourche Parish, Louisiana and represents the Sixth Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Weimer earned his Juris Doctor from Louisiana State University in 1980. In 1995, he was elected District Judge for the 17th Judicial District Court. In 1998 he was elected as an Appellate Judge for the Louisiana Court of Appeal, First Circuit. He served in that capacity until he took his seat as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 2001. Justice Johnson is from New Orleans and represents the Seventh Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Johnson earned her Juris Doctor from the

neg: Rebecca Duncan 2017, Governor Kate Brown appointed Duncan as an associate justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, to succeed retiring justice David V. Brewer. She was sworn in on July 1, 2017. Her current term ends in January 2019, and she is eligible to run for re-election in November 2018. Duncan's appointment to the Oregon Supreme Court gave that court a female majority for the first time. Duncan resides in Keizer near Salem, where the Supreme Court is located. She has a husband and two daughters. Rebecca Duncan Rebecca Duncan (born 1971) is an American lawyer and judge, who has been an

neg: Chief Justice of Canada official documents or receiving credentials of newly appointed high commissioners and ambassadors. The current Chief Justice is Richard Wagner, who took office on December 18, 2017, replacing Beverley McLachlin, the first woman to hold this position. Born in Montreal on April 2, 1957, he had been a puisne Supreme Court justice for at the time of his elevation to chief justice. He previously sat on the Quebec Court of Appeal. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1875, the following 18 persons have served as Chief Justice: This graphical timeline depicts the length of each justice's tenure as chief justice:

neg: Bernette Joshua Johnson In October 2012, the state Supreme Court members (Johnson, Victory and another candidate recused themselves) declared that Johnson would succeed Kimball because the start of Johnson's tenure predated that of Victory. They concluded that her seniority was more important than the fact that she had not gained her seat on the Supreme Court by election. Johnson is the first African American to serve as chief justice in Louisiana. She is the first African-American woman to serve on the Louisiana Supreme Court as both associate justice and chief justice. Justice Victory retired from the Supreme Court on December 31, 2014. He

neg: James F. Byrnes build a strong political machine in the state with him. In part as a reward for his crucial support on many issues, Roosevelt appointed Byrnes an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in July 1941. He was the penultimate Justice appointed to the Supreme Court who had been admitted to practice by reading law and the last who had never attended law school. Byrnes resigned from the Court after only fifteen months to head the Office of Economic Stabilization. Byrnes' Supreme Court tenure is the second shortest of any Justice. Byrnes left the Supreme Court to head Roosevelt's Office of

neg: Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses by country Witnesses won a favorable verdict in the European Court of Human Rights on June 10, 2010 in the case of Jehovah's Witnesses of Moscow v Russia. On April 20, 2017, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation ruled in favor of a claim from the Ministry of Justice to liquidate the Administrative Center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia. who appealed. In the United States, numerous cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses are now landmark decisions of First Amendment law. In all, Jehovah's Witnesses brought 23 separate First Amendment actions before the U.S. Supreme Court between 1938 and 1946. Supreme Court Justice Harlan

neg: Supreme Court of Pakistan Khan did not insubordinate the judiciary. In practice awarded by Constitution, judges of the supreme court have been selected so far, mostly from amongst judges of the high courts. The Constitution allows the judges to be appointed at the Supreme Court regardless of colour, race, and religious sect. Justices A.S.M. Akram, Fazal Akbar, Amin Ahmed, Abdus Sattar, Hameedur Rahman, and Hamoodur Rahman (Chief Justice) were the Bengali/Bihari jurists who served as senior justices in the Supreme Court. In 1960, Justice Alvin Robert Cornelius became the first Christian to be served as Chief Justice, while George Constantine also served in the

neg: Benjamin Robbins Curtis children. Benjamin Robbins Curtis Benjamin Robbins Curtis (November 4, 1809 – September 15, 1874) was an American attorney and United States Supreme Court Justice. Curtis was the first and only Whig justice of the Supreme Court. He was also the first Supreme Court justice to have a formal legal degree and is the only justice to have resigned from the court over a matter of principle. He successfully acted as chief counsel for the Impeachment of U.S. President Andrew Johnson during the first presidential impeachment trial and is notable as one of the two dissenters in the "Dred Scott" decision.

neg: Benjamin Robbins Curtis Benjamin Robbins Curtis Benjamin Robbins Curtis (November 4, 1809 – September 15, 1874) was an American attorney and United States Supreme Court Justice. Curtis was the first and only Whig justice of the Supreme Court. He was also the first Supreme Court justice to have a formal legal degree and is the only justice to have resigned from the court over a matter of principle. He successfully acted as chief counsel for the Impeachment of U.S. President Andrew Johnson during the first presidential impeachment trial and is notable as one of the two dissenters in the "Dred Scott" decision. Benjamin

neg: Montana Supreme Court Montana on May 17, 1865. Each justice presided over one of the territory's three judicial districts, which meant that cases the Territorial Supreme Court heard on appeal were usually first tried in the Montana District Court by one of the justices. This arrangement was altered in 1886 when the Congress passed legislation that disqualified any justice who had previously participated in a case from hearing it on appeal; a fourth justice was also added to the court by the same act. The Territorial Supreme Court rarely issued written opinions until 1872, when the Territorial Legislature established written reporting for the

neg: 2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States 2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States The 2005 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 3, 2005 and concluded October 1, 2006. The table illustrates which opinion was filed by each justice in each case and which justices joined each opinion. This was the first term of Chief Justice Roberts, who was confirmed following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3. Justice O'Connor also retired midterm on January 31, 2006, when she was replaced by Justice Alito. The Court's membership had not changed for the previous eleven terms.

neg: Roger A. Page Roger A. Page Roger A. Page (born October 7, 1955) is an American lawyer and judge who is a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court. Having been appointed to the court by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam. Justice Page was sworn in as a member of the Tennessee Supreme Court in February 2016. He was appointed to this position by Governor Bill Haslam. He was the first Justice to be confirmed by the state legislature under the state's appellate court selection process ratified by state voters in 2014. This amendment to the Constitution of Tennessee requires appointment by the governor and

neg: Pinaki Chandra Ghose from the northern provinces of the City of Calcutta. Hara Chandra Ghose, who became the first Indian Chief Judge of the Sadar Dewani Adalat at Calcutta in 1867, was a member of this family. Pinaki Chandra Ghose Pinaki Chandra Ghose (born 28 May 1952) is a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India. Prior to his elevation to the Supreme Court, he had served as Chief Justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court, and before that, as a Justice of thw Calcutta High Court. He is presently a member of the National Human Rights Commission Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose

neg: Michael Cavanagh (judge) Michael Cavanagh (judge) Michael F. Cavanagh (born October 21, 1940 in Lansing, Michigan) is former Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court. He is a younger brother of Jerome Cavanaugh who was Mayor of Detroit in the 1960s. He previously served as a judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals from 1975 to 1982. Before that, he served as Lansing City Attorney and as a District Court judge. Cavanagh served as Chief Justice from 1991 to 1995. In November 2018, his daughter, Megan Cavanagh, was elected as an Associate Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, and became the first child to

neg: Chief Justice of Bangladesh consultation with the Supreme Court and urgent matters relating thereto are dispensed with in consultation with the Chief Justice. Chief Justice of Bangladesh The Chief Justice of Bangladesh ( — ) is the chief amongst the judges of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, and also head of the whole judicial establishments, including subordinate courts. The Chief Justice is appointed by The President of Bangladesh, who sits in the Appellate Division with other judges to hear and decide cases. Chief Justice presides over full court meetings to transact business relating to the administration of the Supreme Court, and control discipline of

neg: Idaho Supreme Court defeated since 1944. After Trout's retirement in 2007, no women were on the court until the election of Robyn Brody in 2016 to a vacant seat; she is the only justice on the current court not first appointed. Idaho Supreme Court The Idaho Supreme Court is the state supreme court of Idaho and is composed of the chief justice and four associate justices. The decisions of the Idaho Supreme Court are binding on all other Idaho state courts. The only court that may reverse or modify its decisions is the Supreme Court of the United States. Justices are elected in

neg: Supreme Court of Tasmania of 13 October 1823 and commenced activities on 10 May 1824. The Court is the oldest Supreme Court in Australia and predates the Supreme Court of New South Wales, if only by a period of just ten days. The supreme courts of Tasmania and New South Wales were initiated through the New South Wales Act 1823, and this gave those courts jurisdiction over New Zealand. Sir John Pedder, after whom Lake Pedder is named, was the first Chief Justice of the court. The first counsel to appear before the Court was Joseph Tice Gellibrand, who was appointed Tasmania's first Attorney-General,

neg: Government of Oregon the Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. At the local level are some justice courts, municipal courts, and county courts. The Oregon Supreme Court is located in the Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem. It consists of seven judges that are elected to six-year terms in statewide popular elections, with vacancies filled by appointment by the Governor of Oregon. As the highest court in the state, it is the final authority on state law and its decisions can only be overturned by the United States Supreme Court. The court is headed by the Chief Justice, who is elected to

neg: Supreme Court of Queensland for all of Queensland. As the colony's population grew, two other courts were constructed. The first sittings of the Northern Supreme Court were held at Bowen in 1874 and the Bowen Court House was built in 1880 in classical revival style. The Central Supreme Court was officially opened at Rockhampton in 1896. After the opening of the Central Supreme Court at Rockhampton, the Northern Supreme Court moved from Bowen to Townsville. Justice Virgil Power, who served as the first Judge of the Central Supreme Court, was the first Queensland-born Supreme Court Judge. As the population of Queensland has grown, additional

neg: Margaret Chutich is a graduate of Anoka High School and the University of Minnesota, as well as Michigan Law. She is married to Allina Health CEO Penny Wheeler, and is the first openly gay justice on the Minnesota Supreme Court. Chutich is one of twelve LGBT state supreme court justices currently serving in the United States. Margaret Chutich Margaret Helen Chutich (born June 18, 1958) is an American lawyer and judge, who has served as an Associate Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court since 2016, when she was appointed by Governor Mark Dayton. She previously served as a judge on the Minnesota

neg: History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan by Lahore High Court Chief Justice Justice Zahid Hussain, who is still a justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and is not being tried before the Supreme Judicial Counsel. The petition also noted that none of the sacked judges were made parties to the decision against them, nor were they able to comment in the hearing or in some cases aware that the hearing was taking place. They also allege that no copy of the decision was sent to the High Court or to the judges concerned. History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan The History of the Supreme