query: when did the czech republic become a country

pos: Czech Republic 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence. In 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed and market economy was reintroduced. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. The traditional English name "Bohemia" derives from Latin "Boiohaemum", which means "home of the

pos: Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe which borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The first stamps of the Czech Republic were issued on 20 January 1993 after the former Czechoslovakia was split into the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic from 1 January 1993. Before then, stamps of the Czechoslovak Republic were in use and were still valid until

pos: Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia was a country in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this time period. On 1 January 1993 Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Before the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, stamps of

neg: Professional ice hockey a violation of the terms of the Stanley Cup's handover ("Deed of Gift") to the NHL. Following a legal challenge, it was agreed that the Cup's trustees could award the Cup to a non-NHL team, although this did not actually occur. In Czechoslovakia, the Czechoslovak Extraliga was the elite ice hockey league in Czechoslovakia from 1930 until 1993, when the country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In the Czech Republic, the Czech Extraliga is rooted in the Czechoslovak Extraliga. The Czech Extraliga was spun off in 1993 following the administrative break-up of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Extraliga is the

neg: Chinese people in the Czech Republic Chinese people in the Czech Republic Chinese people in the Czech Republic form one of the country's smaller migrant communities. A few Chinese settled in Czechoslovakia prior to World War II. They consisted largely of overland migrants from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Most were Catholics. They came largely as travelling salesmen to the Bohemia region; some married local women and settled down. Up to the 1940s, a few more Chinese arrived, for example as acrobats with travelling circuses. However, most of them left the country when the war broke out. The few who did remain fled to Western Europe after the Communist

neg: LGBT rights in the Czech Republic the limitations of the communist era, the Czech Republic has become socially relatively liberal since the Velvet Revolution in 1989 and is one of the most gay-friendly countries in the European Union. This increasing tolerance is probably helped by the low levels of religious belief in the country, particularly when compared to its neighbours Poland, Austria and Slovakia. There is a comparatively large gay community in Prague, much less so in the rest of the country, with the capital acting as a magnet for the country’s gay youth. The city has a large and well-developed gay nightlife scene, particularly centred

neg: Czech Republic at the 1994 Winter Olympics managed to record a good individual result in Lillehammer, finishing seventh in large hill competition, but he did not improve in the next two competitions. In the team competition Parma was the weakest member of the team as Zbyněk Krompolc surprisingly recorded best results of the whole team. Czech Republic at the 1994 Winter Olympics The Czech Republic competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. It was the first Winter Games since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, and so the Czech Republic and Slovakia competed as independent teams. Cross-country skier Pavel Benc was the flag-bearer of the country in

neg: Television in the Czech Republic news service in from 2008 to January 2011, when it ceased broadcasting. Óčko delivers a music service. TV Barrandov provides general programming services. Czech Republic become the first country in central and eastern Europe to start to end all analogue broadcasts in November 2011. The process completed when the last analogue transmitters in south-east Moravia and northern Moravia-Silesia were shut down on June 30, 2012. In September 2008, when multiplex A was available in Prague, Central Bohemian Region, in surrounding areas of Brno, Ostrava, Domažlice and Ústí nad Labem, leave this multiplex with their 4 channels Česká televize. All channels

neg: Women in the Czech Republic Women in the Czech Republic The history, characteristic, evolution, and genealogies of present-day women in the Czech Republic can be traced back from many centuries before the establishment of the country now known as the Czech Republic. They have originated from ancestral Slavic settlers who had an economy that was based primarily on agriculture. After the period in the history of the Czech Republic known as the Velvet Revolution, many women have become individuals with full-time jobs and who, at the same time, are also focusing on their responsibilities as homemakers, giving themselves "a high sense of personal efficacy and

neg: Women in the Czech Republic same for women and men at 99% (estimates of 2011). However more men (95%) than women (90%) have completed high-school (OECD 2014). Women in the Czech Republic The history, characteristic, evolution, and genealogies of present-day women in the Czech Republic can be traced back from many centuries before the establishment of the country now known as the Czech Republic. They have originated from ancestral Slavic settlers who had an economy that was based primarily on agriculture. After the period in the history of the Czech Republic known as the Velvet Revolution, many women have become individuals with full-time jobs and

neg: China–Czech Republic relations China–Czech Republic relations China–Czech Republic relations or Sino–Czech relations are international relations between China and the Czech Republic. They were formally established on 6 October 1949 between Czechoslovakia and China. In 1993, the Czech Republic was established and inherited the Czechoslovak treaty. The relations, trade and tourism between the China and the Czech Republic improved rapidly since the 1990s; and in the 2010s, agreements were made for more thorough economic improvements. People's Republic of China–Czech Republic relations began on 6 October 1949 when the Czech Republic was a federal element of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic became an independent country on

neg: History of Czechoslovak nationality a permanent resident of the Czech Republic, the children born on Czech territory from non-Czech parents are not granted citizenship. However, children under 15 years old, born in Czech territory, whose parents’ nationality cannot be identified become Czech citizens. As for naturalization, permanent residents of the Czech Republic who have lived on the territory for at least 5 years and do not hold citizenship from another country and who has sufficient knowledge of Czech language, can apply to be granted of Czech citizenship. More flexibility is possible if the person demanding is the spouse of a Czech citizen, or if

neg: Visa requirements for Czech citizens and restricted zones: When in a non-EU country where there is no Czech embassy, Czech citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country. See also List of diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic. Visa requirements for Czech citizens Visa requirements for Czech citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Czech Republic. Visa requirements for Czech citizens were lifted by Belarus on February 2017, the Solomon Islands in October 2016, Tuvalu in July 2016, the Marshall Islands

neg: Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic Polish organization in communist Czechoslovakia, did not fulfill its function to represent the Poles, and therefore new organization is needed. Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej () (meaning "The Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic") is a Polish organization in the Czech Republic. It fulfills two main tasks. It coordinates activities of other Polish organizations in the country, and represents Polish minority in negotiations with the Czech government. Current chairman is Mariusz Wałach. It was created on 3 February 1990, in Český Těšín, as "Rada Polaków" (The Council of Poles), and was renamed

neg: Czech language in and around Prague but also throughout the country, is known as Common Czech ("obecná čeština"). This is an academic distinction; most Czechs are unaware of the term or associate it with vernacular (or incorrect) Czech. Compared to standard Czech, Common Czech is characterized by simpler inflection patterns and differences in sound distribution. Common Czech has become ubiquitous in most parts of the Czech Republic since the later 20th century. It is usually defined as an interdialect used in common speech in Bohemia and western parts of Moravia (by about two thirds of all inhabitants of the Czech Republic). Common

neg: Jiří Snítil did win a silver medal for the Czech Republic at the 2008 European Mixed Curling Championship. Jiří Snítil Jiří Snítil (born February 24, 1975) is a curler from the Czech Republic. He currently skips the Czech Republic national team. He started curling at the age of 21. Snítil has represented the Czech Republic in seven World Curling Championships (2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015). His best placing so far at a world championship was 7th in 2014. In the 2012 European Curling Championships in Karlstad, Sweden, was a first for the country in curling, as it is the

neg: Czech Republic almost 1% in 2007. About 77,000 people immigrate to the Czech Republic annually. Vietnamese immigrants began settling in the Czech Republic during the Communist period, when they were invited as guest workers by the Czechoslovak government. In 2009, there were about 70,000 Vietnamese in the Czech Republic. Most decide to stay in the country permanently. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the city with the third largest Czech population, after Prague and Vienna. According to the 2010 US census, there are 1,533,826 Americans of full or partial Czech descent. The Czech Republic has one of the least

neg: Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 The Czech Republic competed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, held in Moscow, Russia. It had been rumoured that, due to two poor placings for the country in 2007 and 2008, coming last and second last, Česká televize (ČT), the Czech broadcaster would withdraw, however the broadcaster confirmed their participation at the 2009 contest. The song did not progress from the first semi-final of the competition, finishing last once more with 0 points. ČT decided to internally select the third Czech entry for Eurovision, after the multi-artist national final, "EuroSong", failed to

neg: 2010 Czech legislative election 2010 Czech legislative election A legislative election in the Czech Republic took place on 28–29 May 2010 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. The election had been expected to take place sometime before the end of 2009, but was postponed due to legal challenges. Before the election, the country had been governed by a caretaker administration headed by Jan Fischer. The Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) was the front-runner of the election and its leader Jiří Paroubek was favourite to become the new Prime Minister. The election saw a loss of support for

neg: Czech Republic film Casino Royale. Karlovy Vary International Film Festival is one of the oldest in the world and has become Central and Eastern Europe's leading film event. It is also one of few film festivals have been given competitive status by the FIAPF. Other film festivals held in the country include Febiofest, Jihlava International Documentary Film Festival, One World Film Festival, Zlín Film Festival and Fresh Film Festival. Since the Czech Republic is a democratic republic, journalists and media enjoy a great degree of freedom. There are restrictions only against writing in support of Nazism, racism or violating Czech law. The

neg: Czech Republic–India relations Czech Republic–India relations Economic relations between India and Czech Republic date back to the Middle Ages. People in both countries have always been interested in learning more about the history, language and culture of the other country. During the years after India’s independence, Czechoslovakia also played a role as a vital economic partner. Today, both India and Czech Republic have established close relations when it comes to trade, investment and tourism. Bohemia (now a land that is part of the Czech Republic) traded extensively with India for unique and valuable goods such as spices. These Indian spices were transported into

neg: Hinduism in the Czech Republic religious community in Czech republic in 2007. The demographics of Hindus in Czech Republic: Hinduism in the Czech Republic Hinduism is a minority faith in Czech Republic followed by 0.023% of the population.Hindus are represented by the three community-Czech Hindu Religious Society,Hare Krishna Movement and Vishva Nirmala Dharma. The Czech Hindu Religious Society (Česká hinduistická náboženská společnost) become a registered religious community in 2002. Hare Krishna become an officially recognized religion in the Czech Republic in 2002.It has four temples in Czech republic.There are 200 devout followers of Hare Krishna in Czech Republic.The members of the Hare Krishna movement have

neg: Republics of the Soviet Union The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida) was also proclaimed in 1918, but did not became a union republic and was made into an autonomous republic of the RSFSR, although the Crimean Tatars had a relative majority until the 1930s or 1940s according to censuses. When the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Soviet Union in 1944, it did not become a union republic, and was instead established as an autonomous republic of the RSFSR. The leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Todor Zhivkov, suggested in the early 1960s that the country should become a union republic,

neg: Czech Republic–Slovakia relations Czech Republic–Slovakia relations Czech-Slovak relations are foreign relations between the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Before 1918, both countries were part of Austria–Hungary, and between 1918 and December 31, 1992, both countries were part of Czechoslovakia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 1, 1993. These international relations are usually referred to or described as "very good", "cordial", and "above standard" in the media. When a Czech or Slovak president is inaugurated, very often his first international visit is to the former part of the common country. The same custom applies to newly elected prime ministers of the Czech Republic and

neg: Foreign relations of the Czech Republic Germans and confiscation of German property; the Czech Republic insisted that it could not acknowledge or be responsible for claims going back to before February 1948, when the Communists had seized power. As a result, Liechtenstein did not diplomatically recognize the existence of the Czech Republic as a new state (and, for that matter, also that of the Slovak Republic) until 2009. In July 2009, the Prince of Liechtenstein announced he was resigning to the previous unsuccessful claims to property located in the Czech Republic, and on 13 July 2009, after politically recognizing one another, the Czech Republic and Liechtenstein

neg: Czech and Slovak Federative Republic Czech and Slovak Federative Republic After the fall of communism in 1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (, ; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This period is also referred to as the Fifth Czechoslovak Republic. Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ("Československá socialistická republika", ČSSR). In the aftermath of the Velvet Revolution, newly elected President Václav Havel announced that "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name. Conventional wisdom suggested that

neg: Drug liberalization Czech Republic adopted Regulation No. 467/2009 Coll., that took effect on 1 January 2010, and specified what ""amount larger than small"" under the Criminal Code meant, effectively taking over the amounts that were already established by the previous judicial practice. According to the regulation, a person could possess up to 15 grams of marijuana or 1.5 grams of heroin without facing criminal charges. These amounts were higher (often many times) than in any other European country, possibly making the Czech Republic the most liberal country in the European Union when it comes to drug liberalization, apart from Portugal. Czech Republic

neg: Czech hip hop Czech hip hop The hip hop subculture in the Czech Republic emerged after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Since then the subculture has become an influential urban phenomenon, with hip hop groups, clubs and festivals appearing across the country. Notable hip hop artists from the Czech Republic include Chaozz, Gipsy.cz, Naše Věc and Prago Union. Hip Hop Kemp is an international hip hop festival held every year in late August in Eastern Bohemia. It has been running since 2002, and is one of the biggest hip-hop festivals in Europe with an audience of 20,000. Originally staged at the areál koupaliště

neg: Czech hip hop 2005 line-Up featured artists including Scratch, Tajai and Souls Of Mischief, Phi Life Cypher, The Regime, and Zion I. Czech hip hop The hip hop subculture in the Czech Republic emerged after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Since then the subculture has become an influential urban phenomenon, with hip hop groups, clubs and festivals appearing across the country. Notable hip hop artists from the Czech Republic include Chaozz, Gipsy.cz, Naše Věc and Prago Union. Hip Hop Kemp is an international hip hop festival held every year in late August in Eastern Bohemia. It has been running since 2002, and is

neg: Greeks in the Czech Republic Greeks, including those born in Czechoslovakia, emigrated to Greece. Older Greeks followed them some years later, after an arrangement was made between the Greek and Czechoslovak governments for them to receive their pensions in Greece. By 1991, there were just 3,443 people in Czechoslovakia who declared Greek ethnicity; almost all of those were in the Czech portion of the country, with just 65 in the Slovak portion. However, many of those who did emigrate to (mainly northern) Greece continued to retain strong links with the Czech Republic, with a few even using their dual Greek-Czech national identitities and contacts to

neg: Czech Republic national cricket team Czech Republic national cricket team The Czech National Cricket Team, nicknamed the Lions, is the team that represents the Czech Republic in international cricket. The team is organised by the Czech Republic Cricket Union (Českomoravský Kriketový Svaz), which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000 and an associate member in 2017. The national side did not debut until 2006, when it played a series against Austria. It made its international tournament debut in 2008, at a Twenty20 tournament in Wales, and has since participated regularly in international events, including some organised by the European Cricket

neg: Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the divisions were changed. For the current divisions of those two countries, see their main articles and the articles Regions of Slovakia and Regions of the Czech Republic. The country consisted of 10 Regions ('kraje'), Prague, and (since 1970) Bratislava; further divided in 109–114 districts ('okresy'). The kraje were abolished temporarily in Slovakia in 1969–1970 and since late 1990 in whole Czechoslovakia. In addition, the two republics Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak

neg: Hinduism in the Czech Republic Hinduism in the Czech Republic Hinduism is a minority faith in Czech Republic followed by 0.023% of the population.Hindus are represented by the three community-Czech Hindu Religious Society,Hare Krishna Movement and Vishva Nirmala Dharma. The Czech Hindu Religious Society (Česká hinduistická náboženská společnost) become a registered religious community in 2002. Hare Krishna become an officially recognized religion in the Czech Republic in 2002.It has four temples in Czech republic.There are 200 devout followers of Hare Krishna in Czech Republic.The members of the Hare Krishna movement have been troubled by accusations of cult-like behavior. Vishva Nirmala Dharma , became a registered

neg: Austria–Czech Republic relations influence in Austrian politics, economy and the arts had their roots in what is now the Czech Republic. During the First World War, while nearly 1.5 million Czechs fought in the Austro-Hungarian army, exiled Czech politicians backed by the military legions worked on the regaining of the independence of Bohemia in the form of Czech-Slovak union. The Entente powers supported their plans, which did not provide any autonomy or other special treatment for the Germans in the new country. After the end of the empire in October and November, 1918, German Austria and Czechoslovakia shortly quarreled on the issue of

neg: Czech Air Force owing to the perceived high costs and limited usefulness of keeping supersonic assets in a country surrounded by allied countries (all are European Union members and NATO members, except Austria). In this scenario the subsonic L-159 would become the backbone of the air force. The latest 2011 White Book clearly states that the supersonic fleet is to be continued for the protection of the Czech Republic and for co-operation within the NATO Integrated Air Defence System. Twelve single-seat and two twin-seat aircraft are viewed as sufficient for patrolling the Czech Republic, while 18 can support the sentry role in other

neg: Tomáš Vaclík team. Vaclík was involved in the national team for the first time in 2011, selected as a third goalkeeper for the squad's matches against Spain and Luxembourg, although he did not play. He made his senior debut for the Czech Republic on 14 November 2012 in a 3–0 friendly victory against Slovakia. Tomáš Vaclík Tomáš Vaclík (; born 29 March 1989) is a Czech footballer, who currently plays for Sevilla FC and the Czech Republic as a goalkeeper. Vaclík represented his country at the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and was named in the team of the tournament. He

neg: Rudi Skácel 5–1 victory. He was named in the Czech squad for Euro 2008 as a replacement for the injured Daniel Pudil but did not leave the bench as the Czechs exited at the group stage. Skácel amassed seven caps for his country, scoring once. Hradec Králové Slavia Prague Heart of Midlothian Czech Republic Under-21 Individual Rudi Skácel Rudolf Skácel (; born 17 July 1979) is a professional footballer who plays for 1. FK Příbram. He has been capped at international level by the Czech Republic. He is generally deployed as a left sided midfield player but has proven himself to be

neg: Bohemia the historical borders. In 1989, Agnes of Bohemia became the first saint from a Central European country to be canonized by Pope John Paul II before the "Velvet Revolution" later that year. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the territory of Bohemia remained in the Czech Republic. The new Constitution of the Czech Republic provided for higher administrative units to be established, providing for the possibility of Bohemia as an administrative unit, but did not specify the form they would take. A constitutional act in 1997 rejected the restoration of self-governing historical Czech lands and decided for the regional

neg: Iva Frühlingová Iva Frühlingová Iva Frühlingová (born 11 May 1982 in Litvínov, Czechoslovakia) is Czech female singer and model, famous in the Czech Republic and France. Despite her Czech descent she sings mostly in French. Frühlingová was born in Litvínov, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic. When she was 14 years old she moved to Paris to work as a model. There she released her first album called Litvínov, in 2003. This album became popular in Czech Republic and even in France especially song Ou Tu Veux Quand Tu Veux. In 2004 she moved back to Prague where she did her second album -

neg: Polish minority in the Czech Republic the country as a result of job seeking. Polish minority in the Czech Republic The Polish minority in the Czech Republic (, ) is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national (or ethnic) minority in the Czech Republic that is linked to a specific geographical area. Zaolzie is located in the north-eastern part of the country. It comprises Karviná District and the eastern part of Frýdek-Místek District. Many Poles living in other regions of the Czech Republic have roots in Zaolzie as well. Poles formed the

neg: Czech Republic at the 1994 Winter Olympics Czech Republic at the 1994 Winter Olympics The Czech Republic competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. It was the first Winter Games since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, and so the Czech Republic and Slovakia competed as independent teams. Cross-country skier Pavel Benc was the flag-bearer of the country in the opening ceremony – he thus had a chance to lead the last Winter Olympic Czechoslovak team in Albertville and the first ever Czech team in Lillehammer. Although the three medals won by Czechoslovakia in Albertville in 1992 were all won by Czech athletes, the result of Lillehammer

neg: Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations month, after a meeting with high-ranking Czech officials, the Czech Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka announced that his country would send Kurdistan more rifles and ammunition. The Czech Republic has also been training Peshmerga in mine-clearance operations and training Kurdish doctors in Paris, and operates some construction projects in the region. Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and the Kurdistan Region. The Czech Republic is represented in the Kurdistan Region through a consulate general in Erbil since 2006, while the Kurdistan region has no representation in the Czech Republic. Relations between the

neg: Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 was unsuccessful as only 47 legislators supported no confidence when 101 were needed. 105 Members of Parliament voted against no confidence and 32 MP's abstained. 16 legislators did not attend the meeting of the Chamber of Deputies. Czech Republic Government Vote of No Confidence, 2015 The Parliament of the Czech Republic vote of no confidence in the current Czech Republic government of the Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was held on Tuesday 26 May 2015. The vote was initiated because of opposition concerns about conflicts of interest on the part of Finance Minister Andrej Babiš. The vote of no confidence was

neg: Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech Republic, which was opened in January 2008, is in the capital Prague. Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the

neg: Czech Republic–Libya relations Czech Republic–Libya relations Czech Republic–Libya relations are foreign relations between Czech Republic and Libya. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Tripoli. Libya has a consulate in Prague. The Czech Republic imposed sanctions on Libya in 1997 under a United Nations resolution following the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. This was lifted in 2006 by Czech President Václav Klaus. Libya had an embassy in Prague, although this closed in 2007. In 2008 the country opened a consulate general in the same city. Alongside Italy, the Czech Republic supported Muammar Gaddafi in the Libyan Civil War

neg: Czech Republic at the Olympics in cross-country skiing, speed skating and ultimately popular ice hockey. In terms of medal count the most decorated Czech Olympian within the post-Czechoslovak period is cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová (6 medals between 1998 and 2006). The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee, which was founded in 1899 and recognized in its current form by the International Olympic Committee in 1993. Czech Republic at the Olympics The Czech Republic first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.

neg: CME/Lauder v. Czech Republic Treaty when dismantling the legal basis of the foreign investor's investments by forcing the foreign investor’s joint venture company ČNTS to give up substantial accrued legal rights."" The Respondent's objection, that the Media Council would not exercise its power, or if it did, the investor would be able to seek a remedy against the Council's decision in front of the Czech courts, was evaluated as follows: ""A threat does not become legal upon the victim's surrender to the threat and the surrender cannot be deemed as waiver of its legal rights."" In 1995 the Media law was amended. The most

neg: 1997 Slovak referendum 26 May, in protest at the government's handling of the referendum, the Foreign Minister, Pavol Hamžík, resigned. In July 1997, NATO confirmed that they were inviting the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to become members, but not Slovakia. A week later, the European Commission did likewise: refusing to invite Slovakia to join the European Union, due to failing the 'democratic criteria', but inviting the three surrounding countries, Estonia, and Slovenia. 1997 Slovak referendum A referendum in Slovakia was held on 23 May and 24 May 1997. Voters in Slovakia were asked four separate questions: on whether the country should join

neg: Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations Czech Republic–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and the Kurdistan Region. The Czech Republic is represented in the Kurdistan Region through a consulate general in Erbil since 2006, while the Kurdistan region has no representation in the Czech Republic. Relations between the two are characterized by high level talks and cooperation against ISIS. Kurdish President Massoud Barzani visited the Czech Republic in 2015, meeting President Miloš Zeman and other senior government officials. In November 2015, Czech President Miloš Zeman said that he believes the Kurdistan Region will soon become independent. Prague recognized

neg: Catholic Church in the Czech Republic Catholic Church in the Czech Republic The Catholic Church in the Czech Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, curia in Rome, and the Conference of Czech Bishops. According to the 2011 census, there were 1.08 million Catholics in the country representing about 1/10 of the total population. There are eight dioceses including two archdiocese. In addition, there is a separate jurisdiction for those of the Byzantine Rite called the Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic. Although the Catholic Church is the largest Christian religious grouping in the country, Czechs have

neg: Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic and investigation. In April 2013, the Czech Republic and Vietnam announced a new bilateral treaty, under which policemen from Vietnam were to join Czech teams fighting Vietnamese drug mafia, while convicted Vietnamese were to be repatriated to the home country and serve their sentences there. Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic, including residents and citizens, form the largest immigrant community in the country, as well as the third largest ethnic minority overall (after Slovaks and Ukrainians), numbering more than 83,000 people according to 2011 census. It is the third largest Vietnamese diaspora in Europe,

neg: .cs ("Srbija i Crna Gora" in Serbian), and remained so until 2006, when the country split and the codes for domains .rs and .me were created. However, Serbia and Montenegro did not use .cs as its ccTLD, but continued instead to use the Yugoslavian ccTLD .yu. .cs .cs was for several years the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Czechoslovakia. However, the country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993, and the two new countries were soon assigned their own ccTLDs: .cz and .sk respectively. The use of .cs was gradually phased out, and the ccTLD was deleted some

neg: Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations Czech-Macedonian relations refers to the bilateral political relations between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Macedonia. Republic of Macedonia has an embassy in Prague, whilst the Czech Republic has a consular agency in Skopje. Bilateral relations are excellent and besides the fact that Macedonia became an independent country only in 1991, Czech-Macedonian relations have a long tradition. Before 1991, much of the relations occurred in the context between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Between the two world wars, from 1924 to 1938, the Czechoslovak Republic had a consulate in Skopje, which in that period was (as

neg: Czech Republic at the 2014 Winter Olympics Czech Republic at the 2014 Winter Olympics Czech Republic competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. A team of 83 athletes in 11 sports competed for the country. Czech Republic qualified for the following events: Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Czech Republic qualified 5 men and 5 women. Czech Republic qualified a four-man sled in bobsleigh. The qualification was based on the world rankings as of 20 January 2014. According to the quota allocation released on 20 January 2014, Czech Republic qualified a total quota

neg: Czech Republic at the 2014 Winter Olympics qualified six quota places in the following events: Based on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, Czech Republic earned the following start quotas: Czech Republic at the 2014 Winter Olympics Czech Republic competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. A team of 83 athletes in 11 sports competed for the country. Czech Republic qualified for the following events: Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Czech Republic qualified 5 men and 5 women. Czech Republic qualified a

neg: Czech Republic–Russia relations Union, better healthcare in the Czech Republic, high levels of corruption in Russia and also political reasons. Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups. The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists. In 2017, over 550,000 Russians visited the country. Czech Republic–Russia relations Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Unlike Russia, the Czech Republic is a member of Western institutions including the European Union, NATO and the OECD. Therefore, Russia–European Union relations and NATO–Russia relations are playing key role while the

neg: Human trafficking in the Czech Republic Human trafficking in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a source, transit, and destination country for people subjected to human trafficking, both women in forced prostitution, and men and women working in forced labor. Women from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Mongolia, and Brazil are subjected to forced prostitution in the Czech Republic and also travel through the Czech Republic en route to forced prostitution in other European countries, including Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Serbia. Many Roma women from the Czech Republic are subjected to forced prostitution domestically as well as abroad. Men and women

neg: Czech Republic Czech Silesia ("Slezsko"; the smaller, south-eastern part of historical Silesia, most of which is located within modern Poland) in the northeast. Known as the "lands of the Bohemian Crown" since the 14th century, a number of other names for the country have been used, including "Czech/Bohemian lands", "Bohemian Crown", "Czechia" and the "lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas". When the country regained its independence after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1918, the new name of "Czechoslovakia" was coined to reflect the union of the Czech and Slovak nations within the one country. After Czechoslovakia dissolved in 1992,

neg: Czech Socialist Republic Czech Socialist Republic The Czech Socialist Republic ("Česká socialistická republika" in Czech; abbreviated ČSR) was a republic within Communist Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, liberalisation reforms were stopped and reverted. The only exception was the federalization of the country. The former centralist state Czechoslovakia was divided in two parts: the "Czech Socialist Republic" and the "Slovak Socialist Republic" by the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968, which went into effect on 1 January 1969. New national parliaments (the

neg: Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic were established in 1969 (without the word "Socialist" since 1990). Since many regions changed significantly after the split in 1993, here is list of their original names and current regions they approximately correspond to: Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the divisions were changed. For the current divisions of those two countries, see their main articles and the articles Regions of Slovakia and Regions of the Czech Republic. The country consisted of 10 Regions ('kraje'), Prague,

neg: Media of the Czech Republic 2007, 70% of Czech magazines and newspapers were owned by German and Swiss corporations. The process of the media returning to Czech ownership started with the 2008 financial crisis. The restructuring of ownership culminated in 2015 when the German Verlagsgruppe Passau, the last major non-Czech European media group in the country, left the market: it sold its local publishing house, "Vltava-Labe-Press", to "Penta Investments", which owns media holdings both in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. Despite this media ownership turmoil, research shows that journalists are not affected by the ownership change and tend to view journalism ethics and the

neg: Miss Czech Republic Miss Czech Republic Miss České republiky () is a national Beauty pageant in Czech Republic the winner represents the country at Miss World. It is also the oldest, largest and most prestigious pageant in the Czech Republic. This pageant were closed in 2009, but now reopened in 2018. Before Miss Czech Republic existed, there was a similar pageant that took place between 1966 and 1970, known as "Girl of the Year". Alžběta Štrkulová, a popular TV presenter in the Czech Republic, won in 1967. At the time, she was the most successful titleholder in the Eastern bloc. Unfortunately, this competition

neg: Media of the Czech Republic and video commentaries, was introduced by the country’s leading web portal and second-biggest search engine Seznam.cz and has quickly become the top online news media in the country. On the other hand, Info.cz was launched by the Czech News Center as a news server with the aim of emphasising quality information. Finally, the Czech News Agency ("Česká tisková kancelář," ČTK), previously the national state press agency, is the first and main Czech media with domestic and foreign information services. As it is not financed with state budget, its income derives from selling news to subscribers. Commercial television has a major

neg: Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic to power in the country. Its functions were restored in 1990 following the fall of communism and the dissolution of Czech Republic. Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic The Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, MOPR (Czech: Vojenská kancelář prezidenta republiky, VKPR) is the official military department of the President of the Czech Republic. It serves as a separate entity from the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic and the Prague Castle Guard, although, it controls most of the activities of the Castle Guard. It mostly fulfils tasks by order of the President of

neg: Football in the Czech Republic correct for the 2014–15 season. Prague is the location of the headquarters of the Football Association of the Czech Republic, in Diskařská street. Football in the Czech Republic This article discusses the structure of football leagues in the Czech Republic. These leagues are organised by The Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR) (). Football is the most popular sport in the Czech Republic. Bohemia was an early adopter of football. In the Czech Republic, football originated in Bohemia between 1890 and 1990, mainly played by Germans (the country was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire). The best German club was

neg: Football in the Czech Republic Football in the Czech Republic This article discusses the structure of football leagues in the Czech Republic. These leagues are organised by The Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR) (). Football is the most popular sport in the Czech Republic. Bohemia was an early adopter of football. In the Czech Republic, football originated in Bohemia between 1890 and 1990, mainly played by Germans (the country was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire). The best German club was called Regatta Prag. The first known football match in the Czech Republic occurred on the islet located in the Labe River in Roudnice

neg: History of NATO in a country that had been part of the Soviet Union. At the April 2008 summit in Bucharest, Romania, NATO agreed to the accession of Croatia and Albania and both countries joined NATO in April 2009. Ukraine and Georgia were also told that they could eventually become members. The issue of Georgian and Ukrainian membership in NATO prompted harsh criticism from Russia, as did NATO plans for a missile defence system. Studies for this system began in 2002, with negotiations centered on anti-ballistic missiles being stationed in Poland and the Czech Republic. Though NATO leaders gave assurances that the system

neg: Football Association of the Czech Republic Association (; ČSAF) and controlled the Czechoslovakia national football team. After the partition of Czechoslovakia the association took the name Bohemian-Moravian Football Federation ("Českomoravský fotbalový svaz"; ČMFS) until June 2011. Football Association of the Czech Republic The Football Association of the Czech Republic (; FAČR) or colloquially the "Czech Football Association" is the governing body of football in the Czech Republic, based in Prague. It organizes the lower-level league competitions in the country (the professional Czech First League and Czech Second League are organized independently), the Czech Cup, and the Czech Republic national football team. First predecessor were established as

neg: Football Association of the Czech Republic Football Association of the Czech Republic The Football Association of the Czech Republic (; FAČR) or colloquially the "Czech Football Association" is the governing body of football in the Czech Republic, based in Prague. It organizes the lower-level league competitions in the country (the professional Czech First League and Czech Second League are organized independently), the Czech Cup, and the Czech Republic national football team. First predecessor were established as Bohemian Football Union on 19 October 1901 in Austro-Hungarian constituency Kingdom of Bohemia. From 1922 to 1993, during the existence of Czechoslovakia, the association was known as the Czechoslovak Football

neg: Economy of the Czech Republic adjusting commercial laws and practices to fit Western standards. Further minimizing reliance on a single major partner, successive Czech governments have welcomed U.S. investment (amongst others) as a counterbalance to the strong economic influence of Western European partners, especially of their powerful neighbour, Germany. Although foreign direct investment (FDI) runs in uneven cycles, with a 12.9% share of total FDI between 1990 and March 1998, the U.S. was the third-largest foreign investor in the Czech economy, behind Germany and the Netherlands. Progress toward creating a stable investment climate was recognized when the Czech Republic became the first post-communist country to

neg: Human trafficking in the Czech Republic also funds NGOs to conduct general trafficking awareness campaigns in schools and in asylum and migration centers. The government funds a campaign called "Say it for Her", aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution among foreign tourists visiting the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic became a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol in 2014. Human trafficking in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a source, transit, and destination country for people subjected to human trafficking, both women in forced prostitution, and men and women working in forced labor. Women from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria,

neg: Miloš Zeman a "federalist" who supports EU membership. Before becoming president, he promised to fly the flag of Europe at Prague Castle, something that Zeman's predecessor, Václav Klaus, refused to do; he did so shortly after taking office. On the same day, Zeman ratified the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism, which Klaus had also refused to do, making the Czech Republic the last country to do so. In June 2017, Zeman stated that Czech people are "irrationally afraid" of adopting the Euro as the Czech Republic's currency. Despite his pro-EU statements and actions, Zeman supports holding a referendum on Czech EU

neg: Czech Republic men's national volleyball team Czech Republic men's national volleyball team The Czech Republic national men's volleyball team is controlled by the Czech Volleyball Federation, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. Czech Republic is ranked 28th (as of October 2015) in the FIVB world ranking. FIVB considers Czech Republic as the inheritor of the records of Czechoslovakia (1948–1993). The Czech team’s first participations in international competitions saw them win a gold medal at the inaugural European Championship in 1948 which kick-started a golden age for the team. They won two more European in 1955 and 1958, two golds at the World

neg: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czech and , ČSSR) ruled Czechoslovakia from 1948 until 23 April 1990, when the country was under communist rule. Formally known as the Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, it has been regarded as a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Following the coup d'état of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the support of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a people's republic after the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name "Československá republika" ("Czechoslovak Republic") was changed on 11 July 1960 following implementation of the 1960 Constitution of

neg: Czech Republic national rugby union team Czech Republic national rugby union team The Czech Republic national rugby union team is the third tier rugby national team of the Czech Republic. They first started playing as the Czech Republic in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia and now compete in the European Nations Cup. They have yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup, but have entered the qualifiers since the 1995 edition. Rugby union in the Czech Republic is administered by the Česká Rugbyová Unie. The sport is still amateur in the country, but there are several Czech players who are professionals in France, including Martin

neg: Johannes Sylvius Egranus Reformation on the Bannbulle of the Pope Leo X. Egranus is said to have disagreed with Martin Luther's de servo arbitrio. He did not question the ruling social system of the landlords. In his later sermons, an approach to Catholicism has been observed. He died on 1 June 1535 in St. Joachimstal. Rumours of his death being a consequence of excessive alcohol consumption has become something of a legend in publications. Johannes Sylvius Egranus Johannes Sylvius Egranus (born Johannes Wildauer; around 1480, Eger, Bohemia (now Cheb, Czech Republic) – 1553, Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Bohemia (now Česká Kamenice, Czech Republic)) was a German

neg: Geography of the Czech Republic Geography of the Czech Republic The geography of the Czech Republic is quite varied. Bohemia, at the west part of Czech Republic, consists of a river basin, drained by the Elbe (Czech: "Labe") and Vltava rivers. It is surrounded by mostly low mountains such as the Sudetes with its part Krkonoše, containing the highest point in the country, the Sněžka at . Moravia, the eastern part, is also quite hilly and is drained predominantly by the Morava river, but also contains the source of the Oder (Czech: "Odra") river. Water from the landlocked Czech Republic flows to three different seas:

neg: Elvist Ciku to the climate there before transferring to GKS Katowice in Poland where he did not get paid for half a year despite a large fan support for the club. Ciku then ended up at FC MAS Táborsko, again in the Czech Republic, where he settled in well before departing in 2017. Elvist Ciku Elvist Ciku (born 16 August 1986 in Shkodër, Albania) is an Albanian professional footballer who was last turning out for FC MAS Táborsko in the Czech Republic. Getting into football at the age of six with FK Vllaznia in his home country, Ciku moved to Greece in

neg: Czech Republic–India relations important agreements signed between India and Czech Republic: Both India and Czech Republic are equally interested in being educated about the history and culture of the other country. Czech people are passionate about yoga, Ayurveda and Indian religious texts. Many universities in the Czech Republic have a long history of offering education about Indian culture, languages, literature and history. Similarly, in the Delhi University in India, students can learn Czech language and history, and are increasingly eager to visit Czech Republic to explore the architecture, history and beauty. For many decades, Czechoslovakia was one of India’s main trading partners among

neg: Czech Republic–France relations and of the European Union. Since 1999, Czech Republic is also an observer in the Francophonie. There is a French international school in Prague, Lycée français de Prague. Czech Republic–France relations Czech Republic–France refers to the current and historical relationship between the Czech Republic and France. The first diplomatic contacts between the two countries date back to the Middle Ages. France was the first country to recognize Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1918. France supported the signing of the Little Entente and consequently signed the Treaty of Alliance and Friendship between France and Czechoslovakia on 25 January 1924. The Czech Republic

neg: Energy in the Czech Republic Energy in the Czech Republic Energy in the Czech Republic describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Czech Republic. Primary energy consumption per million people in 2008 was 50 TWh compared to other countries (TWh): Canada 93 (3103 TWh 33.3), USA 87 (26,560 TWh 304.5), UK 40 (2,424 TWh 61.4), Greece 31 TWh (354 TWh 11.24) and Poland 30 (1138 TWh 38.12). OKD is a major mining company in the Czech Republic. Most coal is used in the country of origin. In 2009 world coal export was 14% of coal production (836/5990 Mt). The Czech Republic was

neg: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Czech Republic The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Czech Republic As of January 1, 2013 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 2396 members in 13 branches and one mission in the Czech Republic. A mission to Czechoslovakia was created July 24, 1929 by John A. Widtsoe. In 1950 the Czechoslovak police arrested two LDS Missionaries and held them incommunicado for three weeks. The Czechoslovak mission was closed shortly afterwards when it became apparent that their release was contingent on the mission closure. This had been the only mission in an East European Communist country Missionaries

neg: Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava and Pilsen. The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU),

neg: Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations two countries shows a positive trend. Many companies from the Czech Republic have so far invested in Macedonia. Other spheres of good cooperation between the two states are tourism and education. The Czech Republic is also a country that recognizes Macedonia under its constitutional name "Republic of Macedonia" and supports it in the name row with Greece. The Czech Republic therefore is one of 131 states in total, which have also recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name. The embassy of the Czech Republic in Macedonia was opened in September 2006 and is located in Skopje. The Macedonian embassy in the

neg: Czech Republic–Mexico relations Czech Republic–Mexico relations Czech Republic–Mexico relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Czech Republic and Mexico. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Mexico established diplomatic relations with then Czechoslovakia in 1922; four years after the country proclaimed its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. That same year, both nations opened consulates in each other's capitals, respectively. Diplomatic relations between the two nations were interrupted in April 1939 after the invasion from Germany in the country, however, the exiled Czechoslovak government in London maintained relations with Mexico. In 1942, diplomatic relations were fully restored between

neg: Horacio Elizondo did not notice him much which is a very good thing." In his following match, the Czech Republic 0-2 Ghana group game, he gave a straight red card to Czech player Tomáš Ujfaluši for a professional foul in the box, awarding a penalty to Ghana. He then gave a yellow card to Asamoah Gyan when he took the penalty kick prematurely. Gyan missed his second attempt. Elizondo also booked Czech player Vratislav Lokvenc and Ghanaian players Otto Addo, Michael Essien, Derek Boateng and Sulley Muntari, for a total of seven cards. He called 12 fouls against the Czech Republic and

neg: Centrum pro Efektivní Dopravu in the Czech republic. Focus is on benefits for the regions of the Czech republic The Centre has organized a conference about the high-speed rail in cooperation with the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech republic in May 2011. At this conference, the Director General of the Czech Railways Mr. Petr Žaluda acknowledged that Czech Republic may become a European outsider if it does not start constructing the high-speed rail lines in the near future. He also stated that it is vital for Czech republic to build a connection to German high-speed network as soon as possible, as without

neg: Czech Republic national bandy team 2014. On 6 January 2014 the Czech Republic participated in a four nation tournament in Davos, a centenary celebration of the European Championship of 1913. The other teams were the Netherlands, Hungary, and Germany. 19 September 2015 the team took part in a rink bandy tournament in Nymburk. The country made the World Championship debut in the 2016 tournament. Czech Republic national bandy team Czech Republic national bandy team is competing for the Czech Republic in the international bandy and rink bandy tournaments. It is run by the Czech Association of Bandy. Bohemia, then a part of Austria-Hungary, was in

neg: Czech Republic at the 2006 Winter Olympics Czech Republic at the 2006 Winter Olympics The Czech Republic competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Speed skater Martina Sáblíková served as flag bearer at the opening ceremonies. The medal hopes were set on ice hockey team, Jakub Janda in ski jumping, Kateřina Neumannová in cross-country skiing and on Sáblíková. As for hockey team, the bronze medal was less than most of Czech fans awaited before the olympic, and more than they hoped for after the group stage. But the strongest moment for Czech sport fans was unbelievable finish of Kateřina Neumannová in cross-country skiing, where she

neg: Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic 30 September 1993. Stamps of the Czech Republic are marked "Česká republika". First stamps was printed printing house by the Ministry of Communication - the Czech Post’s Technical Centre of Machines. After privatization in 1992 The Postal Printing House of Securities Prague, Inc. = Poštovní tiskárna cenin Praha a.s. Over 100 stamp booklets have been issued to date. Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe which borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the

neg: Helena Houdová crowned Miss Czech Republic. Her pronounced "hoh-daw-vah:". Houdová was born and raised in Plzeň, Czech Republic. Houdová won the Miss Czech Republic competition in 1999, and she went on to compete at Miss World 1999 where she did not place. She later established a place in fashion's elite by modeling on the New York, Milano, London and Paris runway circuit. Houdová's popularity in the fashion industry skyrocketed when she appeared on the cover the May 2005 edition of Elle, which dedicated the entire issue to her. Houdová has been seen on the covers of Italian, Japanese, American, French and Spanish

neg: Czech Republic This process was largely successful; in 2006 the Czech Republic was recognised by the World Bank as a "developed country", and in 2009 the Human Development Index ranked it as a nation of "Very High Human Development". From 1991, the Czech Republic, originally as part of Czechoslovakia and since 1993 in its own right, has been a member of the Visegrád Group and from 1995, the OECD. The Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999 and the European Union on 1 May 2004. On 21 December 2007 the Czech Republic joined the Schengen Area. Until 2017, either the Social

neg: Miss Czech Republic World license and so the winners are represented in the following order: Miss World, Miss Grand International, Miss International, Miss Intercontinental, Miss Global. Since its foundation, a charitable aspect that has been embedded in the slogan "Beautiful Faces Helps" is an indispensable part of the whole competition. Miss Czech Republic Miss České republiky () is a national Beauty pageant in Czech Republic the winner represents the country at Miss World. It is also the oldest, largest and most prestigious pageant in the Czech Republic. This pageant were closed in 2009, but now reopened in 2018. Before Miss Czech Republic existed,

neg: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette Olmütz, Moravia (today Olomouc in the Czech Republic). Lafayette, when captured, had tried to use the American citizenship he had been granted to secure his release, and contacted William Short, United States minister in The Hague. Although Short and other U.S. envoys very much wanted to succor Lafayette for his services to their country, they knew that his status as a French officer took precedence over any claim to American citizenship. Washington, who was by then president, had instructed the envoys to avoid actions that entangled the country in European affairs, and the U.S. did not have diplomatic relations with

neg: Jan Kavan leaders of the Prague Spring movement in 1968. When the movement was crushed by the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia, Kavan emigrated to the United Kingdom, the country of his birth. Kavan is member of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD). He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002 and one of the deputy prime ministers from 1999 to 2002. He was a member of the Czechoslovak Federal Assembly from 1990 to 1992, member of the Senate of the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2000, and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from

neg: Vietcong (video game) the current round and teams only score a point if the opposite team has been completely annihilated. The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. As of November 2007, "Vietcong" had sold more than 1 million copies. In the Czech Republic, the game's country of origin, the game is highly popular. "Vietcong" was voted the 3rd best video game developed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in a survey by Czech web provider BonusWeb when it received 1393 votes out of 13,143 as every reader could choose for three games to vote for. GameSpot gave it

neg: Jitka Nováčková broadcast live by TV Prima on 19 March 2011 from Prague, where she became the eventual winner of the title, gaining the right to represent the Czech Republic in Miss Universe 2011. As the official representative of her country to the 2011 Miss Universe pageant, broadcast live from São Paulo, Brazil on 12 September 2011, Nováčková did not make it to the semifinals. Jitka Nováčková Jitka Nováčková (born 28 April 1992) is a Czech model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Česká Miss 2011 and will represent her country in the 2011 Miss Universe pageant. Born in České Budějovice,

neg: Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic there were 61,012 Vietnamese residing in the Czech Republic in October 2009. Nguyen, the most common Vietnamese surname, is now the 9th most common surname in the entire country. Vietnamese immigrants began settling in Czechoslovakia during the Communist period, when they were invited as guest workers by the Czechoslovak government. Migration was encouraged by the Vietnamese authorities, with the intention that the migrants would return with skills and training. Following the collapse of communism in Czechoslovakia, many Vietnamese decided to remain in the country rather than return home. This first generation of immigrants has traditionally made a living as vendors

neg: Czech Republic women's national football team "All caps and goals as of 1 October 2018 before the matches against ." Czech Republic women's national football team The Czech Republic women's national football team are the official football women's team for the Czech Republic, they are currently ranked 36th in the world. At the moment, the captain of the team is Lucie Voňková, who plays for Bayern Munich. As of 2003, there were approximately 10,000 women playing football in the Czech Republic and around 95 clubs in the country, the best of which compete in the national league, the Czech First Division (women). The following players have

neg: Czech Republic women's national football team Czech Republic women's national football team The Czech Republic women's national football team are the official football women's team for the Czech Republic, they are currently ranked 36th in the world. At the moment, the captain of the team is Lucie Voňková, who plays for Bayern Munich. As of 2003, there were approximately 10,000 women playing football in the Czech Republic and around 95 clubs in the country, the best of which compete in the national league, the Czech First Division (women). The following players have been called up for two friendly matches against on 2 and 5 October 2018.

neg: Czech Air Force the Czech Air Force wanted to train helicopter pilots for desert conditions for the upcoming mission in Afghanistan. Israel was the only country that was ready to help out, as it saw this as an opportunity to thank the Czech Republic for training Israeli pilots and supporting Israel when it first became a state. The independence of the Czech Air Force was terminated on 1 December 2003 when the force became a part of newly established Joint Forces of the Czech Army with the command post located at Olomouc. Within the new structure the Air Force Commander-in-Chief was named as