query: who started the fall of the berlin wall

pos: Berlin Wall a notable moment of the Cold War and a high point of the New Frontier. It was a great morale boost for West Berliners, who lived in an exclave deep inside East Germany and feared a possible East German occupation. In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev, then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to tear down the Wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc: In June 1989 the Hungarian government began dismantling the

neg: History of Berlin for a unified Germany. Loshitzky depicts the role of the Berlin Wall as a symbol of the Cold War, détente, and the collapse of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. She divides the history of the Wall into six major stages: the erection of the Wall (1961); the period of the "geography of fear" from the Cold War; the period of détente; the short period of glasnost and perestroika; the fall of the Wall (1989); and after the Wall. On August 13, 1961 the Communist East German government started to build a wall, physically separating West Berlin from East Berlin

neg: Thierry Noir Wall. In April 1984, Noir and Christophe-Emmanuel Bouchet started to paint the Berlin Wall, eventually painting 1 kilometre of it. He stated of painting the wall at this time: "I decided spontaneously to start to make something on the wall. I got thousands of questions - everyone wanted to know something about this - because it was new - there were no big paintings on the wall." Between 1984 and the fall of the Berlin Wall many other artists painted the wall, including Keith Haring, Kiddy Cidny, and Indiano. Noir can be briefly seen painting part of the Berlin Wall

neg: Marienfelde refugee transit camp the buffer zone between the two parts of Berlin and started building the Berlin Wall. Overnight, the number of refugees in the camp decreased sharply and later on the camp almost emptied. The number of immigrants again rose during the Revolutions of 1989. The centre continued processing East German refugees even after the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989 and until the German reunification a year later. Up to today, it remains in use, processing ethnic Germans who are immigrating to Germany from the former Soviet Union as well as asylum applicants. A memorial was inaugurated at

neg: Jockel Finck Jockel Finck Jockel Finck (26 March 1962 - 28 January 2006) was a photojournalist for the Associated Press. His assignments included the fall of the Berlin Wall and the bloody disintegration of Yugoslavia. Finck started his career as a freelancer photographer in Hanover. In 1986 he joined Associated Press in Hamburg. In 1989 he changed to the Berlin office just as communism was crumbling in East Germany. He documented the historical occurrences of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the following reunification of East and West Germany. Finck was in action in the important disaster and conflict zones in

neg: U8 (Berlin U-Bahn) segment of the U8 was also still under construction. The intended terminus of the third stage of the line extension was Wilhelmsruher Damm, near the Wittenau S-Bahn station. This was apparently to distinguish the U-Bahn from the S-Bahn. Only shortly before dedication of the new segment did the Senate correct the name of the station, which has since been called Wittenau (Wilhelmsruher Damm), but is commonly known simply as Wittenau. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, three stations were opened simultaneously - Bernauer Straße, Rosenthaler Platz and Jannowitzbrücke. Station restoration was started after the fall of the Berlin Wall,

neg: Thierry Noir "Nach Dem Fall" (after the fall), in which he discussed his art and the importance of the wall to Berlin only a decade after its fall. Thierry Noir Thierry Noir is a French artist who is claimed to be the first street artist to paint the Berlin Wall. His brightly colored paintings, which often feature cartoon-like profiles, are now considered iconic and can still be seen on the East Side Gallery. He currently lives and works in Berlin, Germany. Noir was born in 1958 in Lyon, France. He moved to Berlin in January 1982 with two small suitcases, attracted by

neg: Kathleen King von Alvensleben Kathleen King von Alvensleben Kathleen King von Alvensleben (*1969 in Laredo, Texas) is an American-German architect, charity fundraiser and member of the House of Alvensleben, who has realised several major construction projects in Berlin, and has been an advocate and fundraiser for the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace. Von Alvensleben was educated at Arizona State University and Technical University of Munich. She started her career as an architect in London. Following the German reunification, von Alvensleben moved to Berlin for the opportunities the fall of the Berlin Wall had opened. Among the notable projects she undertook are the restructurings of

neg: Kathleen King von Alvensleben two children. Kathleen King von Alvensleben Kathleen King von Alvensleben (*1969 in Laredo, Texas) is an American-German architect, charity fundraiser and member of the House of Alvensleben, who has realised several major construction projects in Berlin, and has been an advocate and fundraiser for the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace. Von Alvensleben was educated at Arizona State University and Technical University of Munich. She started her career as an architect in London. Following the German reunification, von Alvensleben moved to Berlin for the opportunities the fall of the Berlin Wall had opened. Among the notable projects she undertook are the

neg: Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) described the effects of the wall and its ultimate fall by arguing that "It became the landmark that symbolized the Cold War… the Berlin Wall also left a lasting impression on the psyche of the German people". She further argues that The Berlin Wall "provides a salient and powerful example of how material culture intersects with knowledge production in the psychological sciences". Since the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, fragments of the Berlin Wall have been donated to various cities in the world. Chicago was offered a piece of the wall in 2008 by the German

neg: Hryðjuverkamaður snýr heim police. In East Germany, Valur meets a new partner, a Polish radical socialist called Aldona, though after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Gerður visits briefly and has sex with Valur, leaving when she realises that Valur has a partner. Valur later has a child by Aldona called Lára. Valur's best friend in Berlin is Karl-Elke, whom he helps escape to West Germany, and who returns to East Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall to start a cafe. In the present time of the novel, Valur returns to Iceland for the first time, still a wanted man, because

neg: Berlin Now Berlin Now Berlin Now: The City After the Wall (also published as Berlin Now: The Rise of the City and the Fall of the Wall) is a 2014 book by German writer Peter Schneider. Published on the 25th anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall, "Berlin Now" is a story of how Berlin has changed since reunification to become Europe's most vibrant melting-pot of artists, immigrants and entrepreneurs. "Berlin Now" is described as a "longtime Berliner's bright, bold, and digressive exploration of the heterogeneous allure of this vibrant city." The book combines memoir, history, anecdote and reportage on subjects

neg: U1 (Berlin U-Bahn) crossing of "Joachimstaler Straße" and "Kurfürstendamm". Line "G" was due to be opened on 2 September 1961, but on 13 August the GDR government commenced building the Berlin Wall, making the line even more needed. Therefore, the opening date was brought forward to 28 August. After the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989 and German reunification on 3 October 1990, it was also necessary to combine the two U-Bahn networks of the east and west again. When line "U2" started running through in 1993, line "U1" still ended at "Schlesisches Tor" station, where it had terminated since

neg: Berlin Wall 5 November, had U2 and Tokio Hotel perform songs dedicated to, and about the Berlin Wall. U2 performed at the Brandenburg Gate, and Tokio Hotel performed "World Behind My Wall". Palestinians in the town of Kalandia, West Bank pulled down parts of the Israeli West Bank barrier, in a demonstration marking the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The International Spy Museum in Washington DC hosted a Trabant car rally where 20 Trabants gathered in recognition of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Rides were raffled every half-hour and a Trabant crashed through

neg: Berlin Wall "Our lives have lost their spirit...we can do nothing to stop them." On 6 June 1987, David Bowie, who earlier for several years lived and recorded in West Berlin, played a concert close to the Wall. This was attended by thousands of Eastern concertgoers across the Wall, followed by violent rioting in East Berlin. According to Tobias Ruther, these protests in East Berlin were the first in the sequence of riots that led to those of November 1989. Although other factors were probably more influential in the fall of the Wall, on his death, the German Foreign Office tweeted "Good-bye,

neg: Berlin Now that "Schneider seeks to explain why the city became 'the capital of creative people from around the world today.'" Kulish, however is critical of Schneider "pontificating" about Muslim immigrants and his apparent praise for anti-Muslim politicians. Berlin Now Berlin Now: The City After the Wall (also published as Berlin Now: The Rise of the City and the Fall of the Wall) is a 2014 book by German writer Peter Schneider. Published on the 25th anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall, "Berlin Now" is a story of how Berlin has changed since reunification to become Europe's most vibrant melting-pot

neg: Judith Chazin-Bennahum who encouraged her to audition for George Balanchine, artistic director of New York City Ballet. Upon returning to New York, Chazin danced for Balanchine and was invited to join his company. After she started working with him, in 1961, she began to experience foot problems, but she worked through the pain and continued dancing. In the fall of 1961, right after the Berlin Wall was erected, she went to Europe with the Santa Fe Opera company and danced on stages in Berlin and Belgrade. The following summer, in 1962, she returned once more to Jacob's Pillow with Thomas Andrew and

neg: Brandenburg Gate August 1961. West Berliners gathered on the western side of the gate to demonstrate against the Berlin Wall, among them West Berlin's governing Mayor Willy Brandt, who had spontaneously returned from a federal election campaigning tour in West Germany earlier on the same day. It was closed throughout the Berlin Wall period until 22 December 1989. When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin. Thousands of people gathered at the wall to celebrate its fall on 9 November 1989. On 22 December 1989, the

neg: Maglev Park. In Hamburg, Germany, the TR-07 was exhibited at the international traffic exhibition (IVA88) in 1988. In West Berlin, the M-Bahn was built in the late 1980s. It was a driverless maglev system with a track connecting three stations. Testing with passenger traffic started in August 1989, and regular operation started in July 1991. Although the line largely followed a new elevated alignment, it terminated at Gleisdreieck U-Bahn station, where it took over an unused platform for a line that formerly ran to East Berlin. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, plans were set in motion to reconnect this

neg: Berlin Wall a Berlin Wall mock up. The Trabant was the East German people's car that many used to leave DDR after the collapse. The Allied Museum in the Dahlem district of Berlin hosted a number of events to mark the Twentieth Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The museum held a Special Exhibition entitled "Wall Patrol – The Western Powers and the Berlin Wall 1961–1990" which focused on the daily patrols deployed by the Western powers to observe the situation along the Berlin Wall and the fortifications on the GDR border. A sheet of "Americans in Berlin" Commemorative Cinderella

neg: Gastarbeiter area". Many started selling goods at the roadside. Ten years after the fall of the Berlin wall most Vietnamese were granted the right to reside however and many started opening little shops. After the reunification Germany offered the guest workers USD$2,000 and a ticket home if they left. The country of Vietnam did not accept the ones back who refused to take the money, Germany considered them "illegal immigrants" after 1994. In 1995 Germany paid 140 million $ to the Vietnamese government and made a contract about repatriation which stated that repatriation could be forced if necessary. By 2004 11,000

neg: History of Berlin the wall at the Brandenburg Gate in scenes of wild celebration broadcast worldwide. This time no Soviet tanks rolled through Berlin. The wall never closed again, and was soon on its way to demolition, with countless Berliners and tourists wielding hammers and chisels to secure souvenir chunks. On Christmas Day December 25, 1989, the American conductor Leonard Bernstein shared with East and West Berliners and the world his Berlin Celebration Concert in order to celebrate the Fall of the Berlin Wall. "Ode to Joy", which Bernstein had reworded "Ode to Freedom", was performed. After the fall of Communism in Europe,

neg: 98.8 KISS FM Berlin tours, reports on youth centres in Berlin, or a special show reminding of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989. In the meantime, the licence for Kiss FM was extended until 2016. In 2011, Frank Otto bought all shares (49.8%) from minority owner Europe 1 making his company the sole shareholder of Kiss FM. Beginning on August 1, 2011, Kiss FM started airing nationwide via the new digital radio standard DAB+. 98.8 KISS FM Berlin KISS FM has a technical reach of 4.2 million listeners living in Berlin and Brandenburg. Its core target group are young people living in

neg: Berlin Wall shut down access to the Twitter Wall after masses of Chinese users began using it to protest the Great Firewall of China. In the United States, the German Embassy coordinated a public diplomacy campaign with the motto "Freedom Without Walls", to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. The campaign was focused on promoting awareness of the fall of the Berlin Wall among current college students. Students at over 30 universities participated in "Freedom Without Walls" events in late 2009. First place winner of the Freedom Without Walls Speaking Contest Robert Cannon received a free trip

neg: Berlin-Wannsee station is that there is only Potsdam-Griebnitzsee shuttle until it was discontinued in 1962. Residents commuted only to East Berlin via the longer Berlin outer ring from Potsdam through regional express trains, and the only trains running on the Berlin–Magdeburg railway was transit traffic from the West Berlin via the GDR to West Germany and other countries. Later on, after the fall of Berlin Wall, the line was re-connected to Potsdam again. Reconstruction began in April 1991 and was completed in 1 April 1992. Between the fall of Berlin Wall and 1 April 1992, Potsdam was connected through the fastest way

neg: The Berlin Wall (video game) The Berlin Wall (video game) The Berlin Wall (also known as ) is a platform arcade game released by Kaneko in 1991. The player takes control of a boy who must use his hammer to break the blocks that form part of the platform levels that form each stage. These holes act as traps for the many patrolling monsters and once one has fallen into a hole, the player may then use the hammer on the monster to make it fall through the hole and down to the platform below - causing it to change into fruit or power-ups, which

neg: Ullrich Fichtner Ullrich Fichtner Ullrich Fichtner (born May 8, 1965 in Hof, Germany) is a senior German journalist and editor-in-chief of Der Spiegel magazine. Ullrich Fichtner started his career during High School, contributing articles to local newspapers. During his university studies in Bremen and Berlin he worked as a freelance journalist for The Associated Press, covering the fall of the Berlin wall in November 1989 and the breakdown of the communist-led Eastern German State. As a Berlin correspondent of the national daily Frankfurter Rundschau he followed Germany’s way through the reunification process and portrayed Berlin as an emerging capital city of Europe.

neg: Berlin Wall to Berlin for 2010. An international project called "Mauerreise" (Journey of the Wall) took place in various countries. Twenty symbolic Wall bricks were sent from Berlin starting in May 2009, with the destinations being Korea, Cyprus, Yemen, and other places where everyday life is characterised by division and border experience. In these places, the bricks will become a blank canvas for artists, intellectuals and young people to tackle the "wall" phenomenon. To commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall, Twinity reconstructed a true-to-scale section of the Wall in virtual Berlin. The MTV Europe Music Awards, on

neg: Daniel Puente Encina produce a 500-copy limited edition 7-inch record entitled "Pinochet Boys". In 1989, after travelling through Europe, "Daniel Puente" moved to West Berlin a few months before fall of the Wall. There, he became friends with members of "Einstürzende Neubauten", who would later on play an important role introducing him to a wider audience. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Puente Encina settled in Hamburg, where he founded the multicultural group Niños Con Bombas, sharing the stage with a number of bands from the so-called Hamburger Schule indie scene, such as Tocotronic, Blumfeld and Die Goldenen Zitronen. In 1995, Niños

neg: The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released. The concert was staged on vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate, a location

neg: West of the Wall West of the Wall "West of the Wall" is a 1962 song written by Wayne Shanklin, which was recorded as a single by Toni Fisher. The song tells of the sadness of lovers separated by the Berlin Wall which divided Germany into East and West at the time, and expresses the hope that the wall will soon fall. The Berlin Wall had been constructed in 1961, and in fact did not fall until 1989. The song was a Top 40 hit for Toni Fisher in the United States, where it reached #37 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in July 1962.

neg: Berlin Wall was a deep anxiety over prospects for a reunified Germany. In September 1989, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher pleaded with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev not to let the Berlin Wall fall and confided that she wanted the Soviet leader to do what he could to stop it. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, French President François Mitterrand warned Thatcher that a unified Germany could make more ground than Adolf Hitler ever had and that Europe would have to bear the consequences. On 21 November 1989, Crosby, Stills & Nash performed the song "Chippin' Away" from Graham Nash's 1986 solo

neg: German reunification Immediately following the fall of the Wall, Berlin experienced a boom in the construction industry. Redevelopment initiatives saw Berlin turn into one of the largest construction sites in the world through the 1990s and early 2000s. The fall of the Berlin Wall also had economic consequences. Two German systems covering distinctly divergent degrees of economic opportunity suddenly came into intimate contact. Despite development of sites for commercial purposes, Berlin struggled to compete in economic terms with key West German centres such as Stuttgart and Düsseldorf. The intensive building activity directed by planning policy resulted in the over-expansion of office space,

neg: Nathan Israel Department Store not provide reparations to Jews for Nazi-era forced take-overs of their businesses. Thus the Israel family, the previous owners, began to receive compensation for their financial losses only after the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the reunification of Germany. Nathan Israel Department Store The Nathan Israel Department Store (German: Kaufhaus Nathan Israel or Kaufhaus N. Israel) was a department store in Berlin. The business was started in 1815 by Nathan Israel as a small second-hand store in the Molkenmarkt. By 1925, it employed over 2,000 people and was a member of the Berlin Stock Exchange, and in

neg: DW-TV DW-TV DW-TV () is a set of television channels provided by Deutsche Welle. The channels concentrate on news and information and first started broadcasting 1 April 1992. They are broadcast on satellite and produced in Berlin. DW (TV) began as RIAS-TV, a television station launched by the West Berlin broadcaster RIAS (Radio in the American Sector / Rundfunk im Amerikanischen Sektor) in August 1988. The fall of the Berlin Wall the following year and German reunification in 1990 meant that RIAS-TV was to be closed down. On 1 April 1992, Deutsche Welle inherited the RIAS-TV broadcast facilities, using them to

neg: Divided family that Korean American divided families members register with the American Red Cross, just as in South Korea. Many German families were divided between 1961, when the Berlin Wall and the inner German border were erected, and the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the German reunification. "The wall divided friends, families and loved ones, causing people on both sides to lose their jobs and livelihoods if trapped on the wrong side." Divided family A divided family can be a close family unit or members of the wider family who are separated from each other by borders of one

neg: Berlin Customs Wall Berlin Customs Wall The Berlin Customs Wall (German: "Berliner Zoll- und Akzisemauer" literally "Berlin customs and excise wall" ) was a ring wall around the historic city of Berlin, between 1737 and 1860; the wall itself had no defence function but was used to facilitate the levying of taxes on the import and export of goods (tariffs) which was the primary income of many cities at the time. The wall was erected after the old Berlin Fortress was demolished in 1734; the walls of the latter had already started to crumble and its military function was questionable. Frederick William I

neg: Mural by English artist, private John Frederick Brill. In 1961 East Germany began to erect a wall between East and West Berlin, which became famous as the Berlin Wall. While on the East Berlin side painting was not allowed, artists painted on the Western side of the Wall from the 80s until the fall of the Wall in 1989. Many unknown and known artists such as Thierry Noir and Keith Haring painted on the Wall, the "World's longest canvas". The sometimes detailed artwork were often painted over within hours or days. On the Western side the Wall was not protected, so

neg: Berlin Wall Day. On 9 November 2009, Berlin celebrated the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall with a "Festival of Freedom" with dignitaries from around the world in attendance for an evening celebration around the Brandenburg Gate. A high point was when over 1,000 colourfully designed foam domino tiles, each over tall, that were stacked along the former route of the Wall in the city center were toppled in stages, converging in front of the Brandenburg Gate. A Berlin Twitter Wall was set up to allow Twitter users to post messages commemorating the 20th anniversary. The Chinese government quickly

neg: World in Conflict includes an authentic piece of the Berlin Wall, "Modern Marvels: The Berlin Wall" DVD by the History Channel, Behind the Scenes DVD and "World in Conflict" exclusive Creative HS-390 headset (Europe Only). Those who had preordered the game were given access to the Beta, the ability to preserve their username and clans, and either received the "Modern Marvels: Strategic Air Command" or the "Declassified: The Rise and Fall of The Wall" DVD by the History Channel depending upon which area of the world one was situated in. The collector's edition in Poland is different compared to collector's editions in other

neg: Antje Rávic Strubel in Germany, the United States, and Finland. She lives and works as a writer and translator in Potsdam, Germany. With the publication of her first novel, "Offene Blende", Strubel added the name Rávik (previously Rávic) to her legal name to designate her writing identity. Since 2018, she spells this writing name Rávik. Rávik Strubel is part of a generation of writers who were born in East Germany but started publishing after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Much of her fiction deals with identity and transformation in contemporary Europe. In 2001, she published her first two novels, "Offene Blende" and

neg: Daniel Morelon all the world championships from 1997 to 2001 and the Olympic Games in 2000. The revival started with the arrival of Frédéric Magné, Colas and Denys Lemyre, who had been world sprint champion with the juniors. Setting up two centres of training brought a rivalry. After the fall of the Berlin Wall Gérard went to Germany to find papers on training. We worked more on muscle-building, made our sessions more methodical, so we had training sessions for speed and others for strength and endurance. But we also worked out our own programme, both Gérard and I adding our personal touches.

neg: Vietnamese community of Berlin at late nighttime), flower shops, and restaurants in the city. In the 1980s, Vietnamese came to East Berlin as temporary contract workers ("Vertragsarbeiter"), as part of a deal between the East German government and the Communist government of Vietnam. South Vietnamese who fled the Vietnam War instead came to West Berlin. Many Vietnamese remained in Berlin even though they lost their legal residence statuses and jobs after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The residence permits of other Vietnamese only permitted them to live in East Germany, even after reunification. In the 1990s many Vietnamese who lived in

neg: T. H. E. Hill The novel is set in Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The main characters are an American who used to be stationed in Berlin and his old "long-haired dictionary,” who is not thrilled to see him again. The novel is a juxtaposition of Berlin in the 1970s with Berlin in the 2010s, spiced up with stories of American intelligence escapades. The novel explores the difficulties of post-reunification reconciliation, both within Germany and between Germany and the United States. In addition to being an author, T.H.E. Hill is also a graphic artist. He specializes in military themes. Hill has

neg: Thomas Heise Film?), about the culture of East Berlin before the wall came down, he broke off his studies, and began to work as a freelance writer and director. All of his early documentary films were banned or prohibited from screening by the East German government, as well as his radio pieces. In December 1989, 4 weeks after the fall of the Berlin wall, his radio piece "Widerstand und Anpassung - Überlebensstrategie. Erinnerungen eines Mannes an das Lager Dachau" (Resistance and Adaptation - Survival Strategies. Memories of a Man of the Dachau Camp) was finally broadcast on Berlin radio. After the fall

neg: Deutschlandsender both sides of Berlin, "Berliner Welle", with the Deutschlandsender to create "Stimme der DDR" ("Voice of the GDR"). This new information and news service began in November 1972. In 1989 the Peaceful Revolution in East Germany and the Fall of the Berlin Wall took place.In February 1990, the "Voice of the GDR" changed its name to "Deutschlandsender". In May of the same year, it was combined with the existing national "Radio DDR 2" to form "Deutschlandsender Kultur", with headquarters at Funkhaus Nalepastraße. Broadcasting started on 16 June 1990. As set out in the German Reunification Treaty of October 3, East

neg: Zaza Tuschmalischvili techniques for restoring medieval mural paintings. Between 1984 and 1987 he spent his holidays in the cloister Gelati. There he participated in the restoration of the apsidal mosaic of the Mother of God Church. In 1988 he lived and worked for nine months in the church Ateni Sioni as a restorer. Here he wrote his diploma thesis which involved painting a copy of a mural painting of the archangel Gabriel from the 11th century. After perestroika and the fall of the Berlin wall, Tuschmalischvili came to Berlin in the year 1991. He soon started to display his paintings next to

neg: Claus Kleber Tübingen. After completing his PhD, Kleber became a journalist. He started building his reputation during the 1980s as a Washington correspondent for Deutschlandfunk (DLF), a German public radio station. In the spring of 1989, Kleber returned to Germany as Chief Editor of RIAS Berlin, the city’s most influential radio station. There, he was on location for the Fall of the Berlin Wall, and brought eyewitness accounts of the crumbling Soviet Empire to Germany. In 1990, Kleber returned for another twelve years to Washington as a Senior Correspondent and Bureau Chief for ARD, one of the two nationwide German public television

neg: Jockel Finck the world, like Sarajevo, the 1990–91 Gulf War, the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the 2004 earthquake in Iran. He died while vacationing with his family in the Bavarian town of Traunstein when he suffered a heart attack. Jockel Finck Jockel Finck (26 March 1962 - 28 January 2006) was a photojournalist for the Associated Press. His assignments included the fall of the Berlin Wall and the bloody disintegration of Yugoslavia. Finck started his career as a freelancer photographer in Hanover. In 1986 he joined Associated Press in Hamburg. In 1989 he changed to the Berlin office just as communism

neg: Berlin Charlottenburg – Wilmersdorf (electoral district) whole of the Berlin borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf with the exception of the neighbourhood of North Charlottenburg, north of the river Spree, which is one eponymous section of the Berlin Spandau – Charlottenburg North constituency. Prior to the fall of the Berlin Wall, the area was the centre of the former West Berlin. It contains a number of Berlin landmarks such as the Kurfürstendamm (or Ku'damm as it is known to locals), the Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Charlottenburg Palace and the Olympic Stadium. In 1990 and 1994 the local MP was Dietrich Mahlo of the CDU who lost to the SPD

neg: Fall of the inner German border the press conference, Schabowski told the NBC reporter Tom Brokaw that "it is no question of tourism. It is a permission of leaving the GDR [permanently]." Within hours, thousands of people gathered at the Berlin Wall demanding that the border guards open the gates. The guards were unable to contact their superiors for instructions and, fearing a stampede, opened the gates. The iconic scenes that followed – people pouring into West Berlin, standing on the Wall and attacking it with pickaxes – were broadcast worldwide. While the eyes of the world were on Berlin, watching the "Mauerfall" (fall of the

neg: Tunnel of Love Express Tour Internet posters have made claims as high as 500,000. In 2013, Erik Kirschbaum, a Berlin-based journalist, published his book "Rocking the Wall: The Berlin Concert That Changed the World", which argues that the Springsteen concert was a signal event in the process that led to the Peaceful Revolution, the fall of the Wall, and Die Wende. Gerd Dietrich, a professor of history at Humboldt University, was quoted saying that "Springsteen's concert and speech certainly contributed in a large sense to the events leading up to the fall of the wall. It made people … more eager for more and more

neg: Glass Spider Tour by violent rioting in East Berlin. According to Tobias Ruther, these protests in East Berlin were the first in the sequence of riots that led to those around the time of the fall of the wall in November 1989. Although other factors were probably more influential in the fall of the wall, on Bowie's death in 2016, the German Foreign Office tweeted "Good-bye, David Bowie. You are now among #Heroes. Thank you for helping to bring down the #wall." Ultimately, given the negative reaction to the "Never Let Me Down" album and this tour, Bowie found himself creatively exhausted and

neg: Bernauer Straße it one of the first of the new Berlin Wall border crossings created after the fall of the wall. The Bernauer Straße subway station, which became a ghost station when the Berlin Wall came up in 1961, resumed operations on 12 April 1990. However, only the northern entrance onto Bernauer Straße was opened while the other entrances which led to East Berlin remained closed until 1 July 1990. On that day, there were no longer any border checkpoints between East and West Berlin with the customs and monetary union between West and East Germany. The dismantling of this stretch of

neg: European Union of Jewish Students to the FSU before the fall of the Berlin Wall, demonstrating in Durban, bringing the first international Jewish conference to Turkey, reinvigorating student Jewish life in Serbia immediately after the fall of Milosevic. EUJS has been at the forefront of mobilizing Jewish student and youth leaders in Eastern Europe, and has been among the first organizations to do so after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in the belief that a strong European Jewish community must incorporate these neglected communities. Today EUJS students and young adults serve the civic society in Europe with a strong and persistent voice, instilling the

neg: Tränenpalast were not permitted to travel to West Berlin. Although the Berlin Friedrichstraße station was located entirely in the Soviet sector of Berlin, because of the Berlin Wall some S-bahn and U-bahn lines were accessible only from West Berlin. West Berlin travellers could use the station to transfer between those lines, or to cross into East Germany. The "" was built after the volume of traffic and the constraints of the lower level of the main building made it necessary to expand. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the building was used as a nightclub and stage until 2006. It

neg: Glen Oglaza Aberdeen, where he studied English. Oglaza started his career at Metro Radio in Newcastle upon Tyne, where he stayed for three years. He then moved to London as a reporter for Independent Radio News, and six months later joined Independent Television News, where he was a correspondent for Channel 4 News, and latterly a Senior Correspondent. He became an ITN correspondent in Washington, D.C., Moscow and the Middle East. During his ten years at ITN, he was the only reporter to have covered the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and the fall of Ceaucescu in

neg: Leo Fall Leo Fall Leopold Fall (2 February 187316 September 1925) was an Austrian composer and conductor of operettas. Born in Olmütz (Olomouc), Leo (or Leopold) Fall was taught by his father Moritz Fall (1848–1922), a bandmaster and composer, who settled in Berlin. The younger Fall studied at the Vienna Conservatory before rejoining his father in Berlin. His teachers in Vienna were Robert Fuchs and Johann Nepomuk Fuchs. In 1895 he began a new career as an operetta conductor in Hamburg, and started to compose. From 1904 onwards he devoted himself to composition. While less successful than his contemporary Franz Lehár, he

neg: Conrad Schumann the UNESCO Memory of the World programme as part of a collection of documents on the fall of the Berlin Wall. A sculpture called "Mauerspringer" ("Walljumper") by Florian and Michael Brauer and Edward Anders could be seen close to the site of the defection, but has since been moved to the side of a building on Brunnenstraße, several meters south of Bernauer Straße. Conrad Schumann Hans Conrad Schumann (March 28, 1942 – June 20, 1998) was an East German soldier who defected to West Germany during the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Born in Zschochau (now part of

neg: U6 (Berlin U-Bahn) the junction of the roads Reißeckstraße/Friedensstraße and Mariendorfer Damm. From here, several bus routes service the sparsely developed surroundings. This expansion completed the U6 line. Further extensions are not planned. Except for the "Alt-Tempelhof" station, all stations were designed by the architect Rainer G. Rümmler. As with the southern part of the U7 line, he used large rectangular ceramic tiles to surface the station walls. Station restoration and modification of the platforms and tunnels was started after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and all the former “ghost stations” had been opened by 1 July 1990. When the U6 was

neg: War Baby (song) on their 2014 release "Ghosts". War Baby (song) "War Baby" is a song by Tom Robinson, released as a single in 1983. It reached No. 6 on the UK singles chart, and was included on Robinson's 1984 album "Hope and Glory". After the break-up of his band Sector 27, Robinson was "massively into debt, particularly with the British tax authorities", was "technically bankrupt", and depressed, so in 1982 he went to stay with a friend in Hamburg, Germany. He learnt German and started playing in Germany, including in East Berlin (seven years before the fall of the Berlin Wall), with

neg: War Baby (song) War Baby (song) "War Baby" is a song by Tom Robinson, released as a single in 1983. It reached No. 6 on the UK singles chart, and was included on Robinson's 1984 album "Hope and Glory". After the break-up of his band Sector 27, Robinson was "massively into debt, particularly with the British tax authorities", was "technically bankrupt", and depressed, so in 1982 he went to stay with a friend in Hamburg, Germany. He learnt German and started playing in Germany, including in East Berlin (seven years before the fall of the Berlin Wall), with East German band NO 55.

neg: The Parliament of Trees The background of the installation was formed by L-shaped pieces of the wall of the last generation of the wall on which the dates of the construction and the fall of the Berlin Wall were painted together with the number of the death victims from the respective years. Additionally other motives are on the backside of the walls. On 3 October 1997 Wagin inflamed 999 torches, which recreated the course of the Berlin Wall. Because the German government moved from Bonn to Berlin many federal buildings were newly constructed next to the German Parliament in the belt of the federation

neg: Berlin-Wedding station Berlin-Wedding station Berlin-Wedding is a station in the Wedding locality of Berlin and serves the S-Bahn lines and and the U-Bahn line . Wedding S-Bahn station first opened on 1 May 1872. It is part of the Berlin Ringbahn, a circular line traversing many of the central districts of the city. The service, however, was disrupted in 1961 by the building of the Berlin Wall and Wedding S-Bahn station went out of use in 1980 after passenger numbers on the route fell to unsustainable levels. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, many disused S-Bahn routes were gradually reinstated. The

neg: Tierpark (Berlin U-Bahn) by 1 July 1989, just a few months before the fall of the Berlin Wall. When the Berlin Wall fell, the line was subsequently renumbered to U5 in 1 July 1990. Tierpark (Berlin U-Bahn) Tierpark is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the . It is named after the Tierpark Berlin, one of the two zoological gardens in Berlin. Prior to the opening of the station, the line was intended to go to Karlshorst in the early 1950s/60s plans. Construction of the station began on 19 September 1969. This station was opened in 1973. It was the one and only

neg: Garner Ted Armstrong Ankerberg Show and "The Oprah Winfrey Show". He continued to conduct personal appearance campaigns throughout the United States, Australia, Jamaica, and Canada but on a much smaller scale than during his heyday in the 1970s. The appearances also provided opportunities for unofficial reunions for those who left or remained in the Worldwide Church of God. In the 1980s, he was in Jamaica when Hurricane Gilbert, a major hurricane, struck the island. In the fall of 1989, he travelled to Berlin to do on the spot radio broadcasts covering the fall of the Berlin Wall. That was coming full circle, as

neg: Horst Walter Horst Walter Horst Walter (14 June 1936; Pankow, Berlin – 15 May 2012; Berlin) was a contemporary German artist. Born in Berlin during the Nazi regime, he grew up in the western part of the divided Berlin. He produced drawings and modern sculptures. In divided Berlin he protested against the Berlin Wall. After the Berlin Wall came down in 1989 he tried to remind the German public to keep parts of the Berlin Wall as a monument of memorial. To do this he started numberless performances in the so-called "No Man's Land" between the Potsdamer Platz and the Reichstag building.

neg: Horst Walter Horst Walter Horst Walter (14 June 1936; Pankow, Berlin – 15 May 2012; Berlin) was a contemporary German artist. Born in Berlin during the Nazi regime, he grew up in the western part of the divided Berlin. He produced drawings and modern sculptures. In divided Berlin he protested against the Berlin Wall. After the Berlin Wall came down in 1989 he tried to remind the German public to keep parts of the Berlin Wall as a monument of memorial. To do this he started numberless performances in the so-called "No Man's Land" between the Potsdamer Platz and the Reichstag building.

neg: Vietnamese community of Berlin a unified Berlin began establishing small businesses. Vietnamese who lived in other parts of former East Germany, such as Chemnitz, Leipzig, and Rostock, moved to Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall. As of 2014 many Vietnamese live in Lichtenberg, Marzahn, and other neighborhoods which had housing for Vietnamese contract workers during the East Germany period. The Vietnamese community isn't a homogenous one, because one quarter of Vietnamese migrants in Berlin and Germany are Hoa (a Chinese minority in Vietnam). The rest mostly consist of Hmong and Kinh. As of 2014 Dong Xuan Market in Lichtenberg is the centre

neg: Allied Museum In the beginning East-West conflict, first marked by the withdrawal of the Soviet representatives from the Allied Kommandatura and the following Berlin Blockade in 1948–49, the US, Britain and France formed the Western Allies and came in opposition to the Soviet occupation forces. The increasing tensions culminated in the Berlin Crisis of 1961 and the building of the Berlin Wall. A significant step towards the easing of tensions was made in the 1971 Four Power Agreement on Berlin, until the "Berlin question" was solved after the East German Peaceful Revolution and the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November

neg: OLT Express Germany OLT organised 1976 a joint platform called OFD with the participating airlines OLT, FLN and Dollart GmbH. At the beginning 1990s, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the airlines faced an increase of their business activities. OLT started operations in the former East German provinces and 1990 took over Roland Air from Bremen. In 1991 OLT set up a base in Bremen and started with its scheduled services there. In 1996 all OFD activities were integrated into OLT and therefore under the control of AG EMS. OLT is one of very few airlines that has succeeded in driving a

neg: Kagenna Magazine Kagenna Magazine Kagenna is an alternative magazine from South Africa. It started life as an underground zine published shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and grew into an irregular, irreverent and entertaining read at the newsstand. Published in Cape Town, the magazine carried articles by activists, anarchists, ecologists and hackers and was considered subversive and revolutionary for its time. The last issue was published electronically in 1993. The name "Kagenna" derives from "Gehenna", the Jewish Hell, and !Cagn, the mantis god of the !kung San People. The project started out as a collective experiment in Cape Town after

neg: Mark Divo Mark Divo Mark Divo (born 1966) is a Luxembourgeois conceptual artist and curator who organises large scale interactive art projects incorporating the work of a number of well-known underground artists. His own work involves painting, performance, photography, inhabited sculpture and installation. Between 1988 and 1989 Divo worked in West Berlin. After the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 he moved to East Berlin, where he organised exhibitions at the Kunst Haus Tacheles. Between 1990 – 1994 he organised exhibitions, performances and murals with the Duncker group, which was awarded a prize by the Berlin Senate. In 1994 he moved

neg: History of Berlin to intervene. In 1968 and after, West Berlin became one of the centers of the student revolt; in particular, the Kreuzberg borough was the center of many riots. The Fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 marks the end of the Cold War. On 9 November 1989, border guards allowed crowds from East Berlin to cross the frontier at the Bösebrücke. The guards believed that the authorities had decided to open the wall, but in reality no firm decision was taken and events gathered steam on their own. People of East and West Berlin climbed up and danced on

neg: Falkensee separated from it by the Berlin Wall. As a suburban municipality directly neighbouring Berlin, Falkensee grew strongly with Berlin itself. After the 2nd World War, Falkensee's population shrunk due to the relatively isolated position "behind" West Berlin, seen from the GDR capital. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, Falkensee's population doubled and continues to grow. <graph> </graph> Area in each year, since 2011 based on Census from 2011 Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons. Heiko Müller was reelected in October 2015 with 51,3 % of the votes. Falkensee has a railway station on the

neg: Berlin Wall youngsters. Another border crossing to the south may have been opened earlier. An account by Heinz Schäfer indicates that he also acted independently and ordered the opening of the gate at Waltersdorf-Rudow a couple of hours earlier. This may explain reports of East Berliners appearing in West Berlin earlier than the opening of the Bornholmer Straße border crossing. The fall of the Berlin Wall () began the evening of 9 November 1989 and continued over the following days and weeks, with people nicknamed (wall woodpeckers) using various tools to chip off souvenirs, demolishing lengthy parts in the process, and creating

neg: Egon Krenz replied, "As far as I know—immediately, without delay." Excerpts from the press conference aired on West German television, which was viewable in most of East Germany. This prompted a mass exodus to the Berlin Wall by thousands of East Berliners, believing the statement to be a decision to open the border crossings at the Wall. Krenz and the rest of the leadership were unwilling to order the use of deadly force. Finally, the unprepared and outnumbered border guards, on their own authority, let the crowds pass into West Berlin. The fall of the Berlin Wall destroyed Krenz and the SED

neg: Berlin Wall near Potsdamer Platz where the stretch of both walls is marked, giving visitors an impression of the dimension of the barrier system. After the fall of Berlin Wall, there were initiatives that they want to preserve the death strip walkways and redevelop it into a hiking and cycling area, known as Berliner Mauerweg. It is part of the initiative by Berlin Senate since 2005. For many years after reunification, people in Germany talked about cultural differences between East and West Germans (colloquially "Ossis" and "Wessis"), sometimes described as "Mauer im Kopf" (The wall in the head). A September 2004 poll

neg: Brian Williams reference to the fall of the Berlin Wall also received scrutiny. In 2008, Williams said that he was "at the Brandenburg Gate the night the wall came down", while CBS and other sources report that Williams did not arrive until November 10, the day after the gates between the two halves of Berlin were opened. The night the wall came down' is widely recognized as November 9, 1989", according to a CNN report. Williams joked in 2014 that he was upset that NBC's Tom Brokaw had arrived first in Berlin, adding that "by the second night of the story, we

neg: The Shape of the Table The Shape of the Table The Shape of the Table is a theatrical drama written by David Edgar. It was first staged at the National Theatre, London, UK on 8 November 1990 - the first anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall - in a production directed by Jenny Killick. The play is a powerful depiction of a fictional Eastern European nation's transitional journey from stoic Communist leadership to a more Western style democracy. The timing of the original staging to coincide with the first anniversary of the fall of Berlin Wall, and thus the Communist regime, marked the

neg: German reunification assets. Facilitation of economic development through planning measures failed to close the disparity between East and West, not only in terms of the economic opportunity but also housing conditions and transport options. Tölle states that "the initial euphoria about having become one unified people again was increasingly replaced by a growing sense of difference between Easterners ("Ossis") and Westerners ("Wessis")". The fall of the Wall also instigated immediate cultural change. The first consequence was the closure in East Berlin of politically oriented cultural institutions. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the factors described above led to mass migration from

neg: Crossover (fiction) between the West German crime series "Tatort" and the East German crime series "Polizeiruf 110". Their respective popular heroes Horst Schimanski and Peter Fuchs join forces to solve a case in the turmoil of the time after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The episode was produced during the short transition period between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. Crossovers involving principals can also occur when the characters have no prior relationship, but are related by time period, locale or profession. The "Law and Order" series, for example, afford a commonality of setting and profession

neg: Boris Snetkov East Germany during October and November, the WGF's troops did not intervene in the Leipzig Monday demonstrations and the Fall of the Berlin Wall as a result of orders given to Snetkov by the Soviet ambassador in East Germany, Vyacheslav Kochemasov, which were confirmed by the Soviet government. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the easing of Cold War tensions, discipline in the WGF began to break down. In response to charges of fatal recruit abuse, widespread desertion, and weapons smuggling among Soviet troops, Snetkov held a November 1990 press conference to deny the charges, in which he

neg: Burt Kearns and its participants was laid out clearly in the 2012 biography, "Mike Wallace: A Life" by Peter Rader and Australian television executive Gerald Stone's 2011 memoir, "Say It with Feeling". Kearns (and his exploits covering the fall of the Berlin Wall) was featured in Maury Povich's 1991 memoir, "Current Affairs: A Life on the Edge". He was the model for the character Al Bunker, the tabloid television producer covering the fall of the Berlin Wall in Thomas Keneally's 1993 novel, "Jacko: The Great Intruder". Winner of 2015 Cannabis Film Festival Viewers' Choice Award as producer of High There. Winner of

neg: Vergennes Union High School in the fall semester, and Vergennes students take a trip to Germany during the spring semester. Students have the opportunity to visit historical landmarks such as the Berlin wall in Berlin, Germany before they reach Bochum, Germany where they are hosted by the same German students who visited in the fall. Spanish students also have the opportunity to travel to Costa Rica as a school trip. The school day runs from 8am-2:45pm. Performance Based Graduation Requirements: Personal Learning (PBGR 1) I understand personal wellness and my own strengths and weaknesses and use this knowledge in identifying goals, setting priorities, managing

neg: Kino International day the Berlin Wall fell. Today, the International is used by many filmmakers for premieres due to the theater's ambience and is one of the venues of the Berlinale. Visitors from Berlin are fond of the theater's history and special atmosphere. The large film posters on the outside of the theater show the film of the week and are still painted by hand. Kino International The Kino International is a film theater in Berlin. It is located on Karl-Marx-Allee in former East Berlin and hosted premieres until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the completion of Karl-Marx-Allee

neg: Michael Schmidt (photographer) way". Other series about Berlin include "Berlin-Wedding" (1976–1978); "Berlin nach 45" (Berlin after 45) (1980); "Waffenruhe" (Ceasefire) (1985–1987), about the Berlin Wall and those affected by it; and "Ein-heit" ("U-ni-ty") (1991–1994), contemporary urban landscapes and portraits from Germany mixed with historical images from the National Socialist / Nazism period, his response to the fall of the Wall in 1989 and the subsequent reunification of East and West Germany. "Natur" (Nature) (1987–1997) contains black and white images of the German landscape. "Lebensmittel" (foodstuff) took seven years to make, with Schmidt travelling worldwide. He photographed "across the spectrum of mass food production,

neg: Berlin Wall of the Wall; the governments later used industrial equipment to remove most of what was left. The "fall of the Berlin Wall" paved the way for German reunification, which formally took place on 3 October 1990. After the end of World War II in Europe, what remained of pre-war Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones (as per the Potsdam Agreement), each one controlled by one of the four occupying Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. The capital of Berlin, as the seat of the Allied Control Council,

neg: Hedley Thomas high school, Thomas started his career as a newspaper copy boy for the Gold Coast Bulletin in 1984. After nine months as a copy boy he started a journalism cadetship at the Gold Coast Bulletin, then in 1988 moved to The Courier-Mail in Brisbane. After a year, he moved to London as a foreign correspondent for News Limited Australia for two years. As a 22-year-old journalist there he covered historic events such as the fall of the Berlin wall and the Romanian Revolution. Thomas returned to The Courier-Mail in late 1991, working there for 18 months. Thomas then moved to

neg: Denots Crew time. And all over Europe´s main cities like Berlin, Paris, London and Amsterdam. In Berlin The Denots Crew started with Breakdance Shows on a popular tourist place called Kudamm. And they painted the first Street Art on Berlin Wall in 1983 which became the origin East Side Gallery later on. In 1986 Denots Crew met up with Keith Haring while he had painted 100m of the Berlin Wall. Denots Crew continued experimentally and started the integration of American HipHop cultur into Berlins youth. Just Like other pioneers of europes HipHop Culture like Mode2 in London, Niels Shoe Meulman in Amsterdam

neg: Sexmission wrapping newborns in blankets, is horrified to see a penis. The film contains numerous subtle allusions to the realities of the communist-bloc society, particularly to that of the People's Republic of Poland just before the fall of communism, perhaps in the anticipation of the major events to come; the fall of communism and the rise of political liberty. When Max and Albert escape, they jump through the wall, which then starts to shake (often associated with later Lech Wałęsa's jumping over the wall of the Gdańsk shipyard, and also with the subsequent fall of the Berlin wall). The secret meeting

neg: Kent Twitchell Capitan Theatre, and also in the show was a repaint of his 1971 2-story mural of Steve McQueen. Michael Jackson worked closely with Twitchell for three years on the Smooth Criminal Mural project. After the 1994 scandal, the mural had been put on pause, but interest resparked after his death in 2009. November 2009 Kent Twitchell painted two murals on two pieces of the Berlin wall for the 20-year anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. One was the portrait of John Kennedy, the other Ronald Reagan. They depicted the US Presidents at the beginning and the fall of

neg: Weißwasser was destroyed. With the dissolution of Prussia resulting from the war, the town became part of Saxony from 1945–52. It was then part of communist East Germany from 1952–90 and administered within Bezirk Cottbus. Many enterprises had to close during the communist regime. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, only a few enterprises were left. It was included within a restored Saxony after German reunification. Weißwasser now struggles with the after-effects of German reunification, as the fall of the Berlin Wall has had a devastating effect on the local economy. Many people have since lost their jobs and the

neg: Peter Millar (journalist) fall of the Berlin Wall, that is told through the eyes of a Berlin pub landlord, and two thrillers in English: "Stealing Thunder", described by Robert Harris as "an expert blend of nuclear history and international intrigue" and "Bleak Midwinter", a thriller based on an outbreak of bubonic plague in modern Oxford. In 2009 1989: "The Berlin Wall, My Part in its Downfall" was published, a memoir which covers events in Millar's career up to 1989. "The Spectator" described the book as "a witty, wry, elegiac account of his time as a Reuters and Sunday Times correspondent in Berlin throughout

neg: Berlin Wall that year (). Similar, very limited arrangements were made in 1964, 1965 and 1966. In 1971, with the Four Power Agreement on Berlin, agreements were reached that allowed West Berliners to apply for visas to enter East Berlin and East Germany regularly, comparable to the regulations already in force for West Germans. However, East German authorities could still refuse entry permits. East Berliners and East Germans could not, at first, travel to West Berlin or West Germany at all. This regulation remained in force essentially until the fall of the Wall, but over the years several exceptions to these rules

neg: Evgenij Kozlov project dedicated to ten years of the Fall of the Berlin wall. ‘Chocolate Wall’ was organised by the Italian Festival Eurochocolate, Perugia and took place in Potsdamer Platz, Berlin where under Kozlov’s guidance school children painted freely on the chocolate wall. This wall had been built up by Italian pastry chefs; twelve metres long and eight tons in weight it was of course, like its inspiration, also destroyed. 2003 saw the release of his book "The Leningrad Album" – a selection of 108 erotic drawings from the remaining 256 which had been executed in his youth. A year later the

neg: Karin Ugowski great personalities such as Benno Besson, Heiner Müller and later Frank Castorf, Johann Kresnik, Leander Haußmann, Christoph Schlingensief and other Berlin theater-greats with guest performances all over the world. This is how she became a member of the political movement "Neues Forum" in the late 1980s, supporting the political rally in November 1989 at the Berlin Alexanderplatz, which was part of the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain leading to the end of the Cold War. The actress, who has frequently campaigned for art and culture support and development in Germany in the last

neg: Freie Berliner Kunstausstellung comments had been anticipated for years. In 1983 Richard von Weizsäcker was the first mayor who was willing to write words of acknowledgement. Since then greetings from the acting mayor of Berlin became a tradition. For the first time in 1990, after what was called Die Wende – after the fall of the Berlin Wall but before German reunification – Walter Momper, mayor of Berlin at that time, congratulated the FBK, hoping for “satisfied artists and many interested visitors from East and West”. In 1991 the time had come to announce: “The 21st FBK is finally a free exhibition for

neg: Herr Lehmann his parents' visit to Berlin; his love affair with Katrin, the beautiful cook; taking care of his best friend Karl, who slowly goes insane; and the fall of the Berlin Wall. Leander Haußmann did an adaption with the same name for the screen with the former MTV video jockey Christian Ulmen in the title role. At the 54th German Film Award in Berlin in 2004 the film was awarded 2 Golden Lolas for Detlev Buck (best supporting actor) and for Regener (best screenplay). Herr Lehmann Herr Lehmann is a German novel by Sven Regener, published in 2001, adapted for the

neg: East Side Gallery East Side Gallery The East Side Gallery is an open-air gallery in Berlin. It consists of a series of murals painted directly on a 1316 m long remnant of the Berlin Wall, located near the centre of Berlin, on Mühlenstraße in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. The gallery has official status as a "", or heritage-protected landmark. According to the "Künstlerinitiative East Side Gallery e.V.", an association of the artists involved in the project, "The East Side Gallery is understood as a monument to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the peaceful negotiation of borders and conventions between societies and people", and has

neg: "Heroes" (David Bowie song) January 2016, following Bowie's death, the song reached a new peak of number 12 in the UK Singles Chart. "Heroes" has been cited as Bowie's second-most covered song after "Rebel Rebel". Inspired by the sight of Bowie's producer/engineer Tony Visconti embracing one of Bowie's backing vocalists by the Berlin Wall, the song tells the story of two lovers, one from East and one from West Berlin. Bowie's performance of "Heroes" on June 6, 1987 at the German Reichstag in West Berlin was considered a catalyst to the eventual fall of the Berlin Wall. Following his death in January 2016, the