query: the first federal peacetime draft in u.s. history was established

pos: Conscription in the United States Conscription in the United States Conscription in the United States, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the federal government of the United States in five conflicts: the American Revolution, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, and the Cold War (including both the Korean War and the Vietnam War). The third incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940 through the Selective Training and Service Act. It was the country's first peacetime draft. From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United

pos: Economic history of the United States the nation was ill fed, ill-housed and ill-clothed. See Chart 3. GNP was 34% higher in 1936 than 1932, and 58% higher in 1940 on the eve of war. The economy grew 58% from 1932 to 1940 in 8 years of peacetime, and then grew another 56% from 1940 to 1945 in 5 years of wartime. The unemployment rate fell from 25.2% in 1932 to 13.9% in 1940 when the draft started. During the war the economy operated under so many different conditions that comparison is impossible with peacetime, such as massive spending, price controls, bond campaigns, controls over raw

neg: German submarine Hai (S 170) were lost, making this one of the worst peacetime naval disasters in German history. She was raised on 19 September 1966 from of water and broken up. The wreck was originally located at . German submarine Hai (S 170) German submarine "Hai, the former U-2365" Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II, was one of the first submarines of the Bundesmarine. She was ordered on 20 September 1944, and was laid down on 6 December 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 519. She was launched on 26 January 1945 and commissioned under the

neg: National Museum of the United States Navy and artwork to inform, educate, and inspire naval personnel and the general public. The U.S. Navy Museum was established in 1961 and opened to the public in 1963. As one of 15 Navy museums throughout the country, it is the only one that presents an overview of U. S. naval history. Permanent and temporary exhibitions commemorate the Navy's wartime heroes and battles as well as its peacetime contributions in exploration, diplomacy, space flight, navigation and humanitarian service. Known for 40 years as the flagship museum of the U.S. Navy, The U.S. Navy Museum celebrates a legacy of educating the public.

neg: German submarine U-35 (1936) as the temporary skipper, Kretschmer, while serving as the watch officer, was accidentally left on the deck while U-35 dived during maneuvers and nearly drowned. During another peacetime drill in 1938, her sister boat, "U-30", was involved in a near-fatal collision with "U-35". "U-35"s last pre-war patrol began on 27 August 1939, and took her from Memel (in the Baltic) to Kiel, where she arrived on 1 September, the first day of the invasion of Poland. The U-boat departed Wilhelmshaven on 9 September 1939. That day, the submarine fired the first British submarine torpedoes of the war when attacking "U-35"

neg: 32nd Infantry Division (United States) 1940, Congress authorized inducting the National Guard into federal service. Eighteen National Guard divisions were activated, including the 32nd. On 16 September 1940 Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in United States history. When the division was federalized on 15 October 1940, it was made up of National Guard units from Michigan and Wisconsin. It was authorized to have a peace-time strength of about 11,600 soldiers, but like almost all units in the National Guard and the Regular Army prior to World War II, was not at full strength nor was it assigned all of the equipment it was authorized.

neg: History of the Berlin S-Bahn and the U-Bahn, which it also operated. Existing U-Bahn route numbers were prefixed with the letter "U," while the new S-Bahn route numbers were prefixed with the letter "S." This system of numbering routes was used in other West German cities and was extended to the S-Bahn service for the whole city after reunification. After the Berlin Wall came down in November 1989, the first broken links were re-established, with Friedrichstraße on 1 July 1990, as the first. The BVG and DR jointly marketed the services soon after the reunification. Administratively, the divided S-Bahn networks remained separate in this time

neg: USS Trepang (SSN-674) became the first American submarine in history to perform peacetime operations with a German submarine—namely "U-29" (S178), conducted a secret mission tailing a drug-smuggling ship, and trained with SEAL Team 6. During these years, one of "Trepang"s sister ships, was considered her "sister submarine," and the two often docked near one another. "Trepang" conducted her final six-month deployment to the Mediterranean between June and December 1997. In late 1998, she circumnavigated the world in order to use up as much nuclear fuel as possible prior to decommissioning. She was awarded during this time the Joint Meritorious Unit Award (reasons unknown).

neg: Presidency of Harry S. Truman allowed women to serve in the peacetime military. Another executive order, also in 1948, made it illegal to discriminate against persons applying for civil service positions based on race. A third, in 1951, established the Committee on Government Contract Compliance (CGCC), which sought to prevent defense contractors from discriminating because of race. Truman also appointed non-whites to unprecedented positions of power in the executive and judicial branches. Among his appointments was William Henry Hastie, the first African American to serve as a federal appellate judge. In civil rights cases like "Sweatt v. Painter", the Justice Department issued amicus curiae briefs

neg: U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield on their way to targets in Vietnam. The first B-52's arrived on 10 April 1967. The next day, B-52 sorties were flown from U-Tapao. By 1972 there were 54 B-52 aircraft stationed in Thailand. U-Tapao is the main flying base for the RTN. Squadrons based there include: Two squadrons are dormant For several years, beginning in 1981, U-Tapao has hosted parts of Cobra Gold, the largest US military peacetime exercise in the Pacific, jointly involving US, Singaporean, and Thai armed forces, and designed to build ties between the nations and promote interoperability between their military components. Thailand is an important

neg: Hank Greenberg runs scored (129) and OBP (.433), all while batting .340 (fifth best in the AL). He also led the Tigers to the AL pennant, and won his second American League MVP award, becoming the first player in major-league history to win an MVP award at two different playing positions. On October 16, 1940, Greenberg became the first American League player to register for the nation's first peacetime draft. In the spring of 1941, the Detroit draft board initially classified Greenberg as 4F for "flat feet" after his first physical for military service and was recommended for light duty. The rumors

neg: Intelink based on MediaWiki. Intelink uses WordPress as the basis of its blogging service. Intelink-U (Intelink-SBU) is a sensitive but unclassified (SBU) variant of Intelink which was established for use by U.S. federal organizations and properly vetted state, tribal, and local officials so sensitive information and open source intelligence could be shared amongst a secure community of interest. Intelink-U was formerly known as the Open Source Information System (OSIS). Intelink-U operates on the DNI-U network. Intelink-S (Intelink-Secret or Intelink-SIPRNet) is the secret-level variant of Intelink which is primarily used by the U.S. Departments of Defense, State, and Justice. Intelink-S operates on

neg: SM U-4 (Austria-Hungary) down on 12 March 1907 and launched on 20 November 1908. After completion, she was towed via Gibraltar to Pola, where she arrived on 19 April 1909. "U-4"s design was an improved version of Germaniawerft's design for the Imperial German Navy's first U-boat, , and featured a double hull with internal saddle tanks. The Germaniawerft engineers refined the design's hull shape through extensive model trials. "U-4" was long by abeam and had a draft of . She displaced surfaced and submerged. She was armed with two bow torpedo tubes, and was designed to carry up to three torpedoes. After "U-4"s

neg: First Corps of Cadets (Massachusetts) served as commander as did Cadet Samuel Quincy. The 2d was called "the best officered regiment in the entire Army." Every officer was carefully selected because it was the first three-year regiment organized by the state. The year 1862 was an extremely busy year for the Corps. On 26 May, for the first time in its history, the Corps entered federal service. The Cadets reported to Fort Warren in Boston Harbor where they guarded Confederate prisoners. The Cadets still wore the standard peacetime grey field uniform of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. While in federal service the Corps was issued the

neg: History of the transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia be appointed via a constitutional election; and d) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he/she then names his/her Cabinet. On June 23, 2012, the Somali federal and regional leaders met again and approved a draft constitution after several days of deliberation. The National Constituent Assembly overwhelmingly passed the new constitution on August 1, with 96% voting for it, 2% against it, and 2% abstaining. The Federal Government of Somalia was established on August 20, 2012, concurrent with the end of the TFG's interim mandate. It represents the first permanent central government in the country since the start

neg: 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft in a pass. There is a break between each round, as well as one timeout per club. However, timeouts can not be used in back-to-back picks. The draft order for the first round was drawn as follows: 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft The 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft was the inaugural CPL–U Sports Draft, held on November 12, 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Seven Canadian Premier League (CPL) teams selected 21 U Sports athletes in total. The results were announced on November 13. A blind draw was used to determine the draft order for the first round. A "snake draft" was used,

neg: Vietnam Combat Artists Program War, the Army continued to use both soldier and civilian artists. They have covered such peacetime activities as summer training for Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) West Point cadets, Army National Guard annual training, and tank gunnery training in Europe. The Army Art Collection has also acquired depictions of the Army's operations in Panama and Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM." In 2003, former Vietnam soldier-artist James Pollock gave a presentation entitled "U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Art Program" about Vietnam Era soldier artists at Mary Pickford Theater, U. S. Library of Congress at which he said: "On January 14,

neg: John S. Edwards (Virginia politician) the first criminal civil rights case in Virginia, initiated a national investigation into public corruption in the Mine Safety and Health Administration, prosecuted the largest bank robbery in Virginia history, and prosecuted organized crime. His office also received recognition from the Department of Justice for increasing by several times the collection of monies owed the federal government. He is the author of "Professional Responsibilities of the Federal Prosecutor," 17 U. Rich. L. Rev. 511 (1983). Edwards is a partner in his law firm. His law practice includes a broad range of civil and criminal litigation in federal and state courts,

neg: SM U-3 (Austria-Hungary) ship, "U-4") in 1906 by Germaniawerft of Kiel, Germany. "U-3" was laid down on 12 March 1907 and launched on 20 August 1908. After completion, she was towed via Gibraltar to Pola, where she arrived on 24 January 1909. "U-3"s design was an improved version of Germaniawerft's design for the Imperial German Navy's first U-boat, , and featured a double hull with internal saddle tanks. The Germaniawerft engineers refined the design's hull shape through extensive model trials. "U-3" was long by abeam and had a draft of . She displaced surfaced and submerged. She was armed with two bow torpedo

neg: Lee Hays his 1940 debut album, "Dust Bowl Ballads"), and Bess Lomax Hawes, among others. The Almanac's first album, issued in May 1941, was the controversial "Songs for John Doe", comprising six pacifist songs, two of them co-written by Hays and Seeger and four by Lampell. The songs attacked the peacetime draft and the big U.S. corporations which were then receiving lucrative defense contracts from the federal government while practicing racial segregation in hiring. Since at that time isolationism was associated with right-wing conservatives and business interests, the pro-business but interventionist "Time Magazine" lost no time in accusing the left-wing Almanacs of

neg: Australian Curriculum public on 11 October 2007, but little was achieved toward its implementation following the Howard government's defeat at the federal election in November 2007. The current Labor initiated National History Curriculum remains politically contentious. In April 2008, the Rudd Government established the independent National Curriculum Board. Tony Taylor, who had written the original draft for the Howard government-appointed Australian History External Reference Group, told "The Age" that he expected that the Reference Group's "Guide to Teaching Australian History" would be discarded by the new Board. Taylor had expressed public disapproval of the changes made to his original draft, both by

neg: Macleod Football Club each jumper framed and displayed in its Club Rooms. In 2013 the club stood alone and contributed $25k to $220k project by local/state and federal government to have the lights upgraded at Macleod Park. These lights are sensational and to that point the YJFL used Macleod Park for their U/16’s and U/18’s Girls competition. In 2014 the lights at Winsor were also upgraded although at a low cost and by volunteers of the club. The latest upgrade in 2017 was Asphalting the Carpark. -2- Over the history of the club, it has an exceptional record of some 19 players including

neg: Selective Service System all registrants were placed in one of five new classifications. Men in Class I were the first to be drafted, and men in lower classifications were deferred. Dependency deferments for registrants who were fathers or husbands were especially widespread. The age limit was later raised in August 1918 to a maximum age of 45. The military draft was discontinued in 1920. The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 was passed by Congress on September 16, 1940, establishing the first peacetime conscription in United States history. It required all men between the ages of 18 to 64 to register with

neg: Charlotte Hornets draft history Charlotte Hornets draft history The original Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) were established in 1988 as an expansion team, based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team's roster was filled with unprotected players at the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft, and five days later the Hornets made their first picks out of college players at the 1988 NBA draft. The Hornets remained in Charlotte for 14 seasons before relocating to New Orleans in 2002. Two years after the Hornets' departure, the Charlotte Bobcats were established in 2004. The Bobcats first participated in the 2004 NBA draft, two days after

neg: History of the Constitution of Chile History of the Constitution of Chile The history of the Constitution of Chile dates from 1811. There were 10 constitutional texts and a draft for a federal organization in 1826. Its common elements are the unitary form of state and presidentialism as a form of government. In this time, statutes pursued guaranteeing the autonomy of the Captaincy General of Chile before the Spanish Crown, and later gaining full independence and consolidating an institutional system. The first texts were only provisional decrees and later became more established normatives. After the victory over Royalist forces, the Bernardo O'Higgins rule was created: After

neg: Mahan-class destroyer was , and the draft . They were powered by General Electric geared steam turbines, driving two shafts that developed a total of for a maximum speed of . Four Babcock & Wilcox or four Foster Wheeler water-tube boilers generated the superheated steam needed for the turbines. The "Mahan"s carried a maximum of of fuel oil, with a range of at . Their peacetime complement was 158 officers and enlisted men. The wartime complement increased to approximately 250 officers and enlisted men. The "Mahan"s' propulsion plant was considerably improved over that of the "Farragut"s. The steam pressure was raised from

neg: Blue Shield International was founded in 1946 with the official aim of promoting peace, development, and dialogue through cultural exchange and preservation. At the behest of the Netherlands, UNESCO helped draft and sponsor the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, the first international treaty that focuses exclusively on the protection of cultural property in armed conflict; it entered into force on 7 August 1956, obligating state parties to protect cultural property in both peacetime and war, including those located in combatant nations. Blue Shield International was established in 1996 as the International Committee of the

neg: Soviet destroyer Moskva had an overall length of and were long at the waterline. The ships had a beam of , and a draft of at deep load. Built in two batches, the first batch (Project 1) displaced at standard load and at deep load. Their crew numbered 250 officers and sailors in peacetime and 311 in wartime. The ships had three geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, designed to produce using steam from three three-drum boilers which was intended to give them a maximum speed of . The "Leningrad"s carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at .

neg: 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft The 2018 CPL–U Sports Draft was the inaugural CPL–U Sports Draft, held on November 12, 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Seven Canadian Premier League (CPL) teams selected 21 U Sports athletes in total. The results were announced on November 13. A blind draw was used to determine the draft order for the first round. A "snake draft" was used, with the order reversing in the second round, and then reversing back in the third and final round. Clubs have a window of time in which they must submit their pick, and failure to do so results

neg: Falls Church, Virginia city. The Tinner Hill Heritage Foundation was founded in 1997 by Edwin B. Henderson, II to preserve the Civil Rights and African American history and culture. Falls Church is where the first rural branch of the NAACP was established stemming from events that took place in 1915, when the town attempted to pass a segregation ordinance by creating segregated districts in the town. The ordinance was not enforced after the U. S. Supreme Court ruling on Buchanan versus Warley, in 1917. The Mary Riley Styles Public Library is Falls Church's public library; established in 1928, its current building was constructed

neg: Fort Crook (California) Fort Crook (California) Fort Crook was a U. S. Army post, first established as Camp Hollenbush in 1857, in Shasta County, California, northeast of Fall River Mills, California. The Fort Crook Museum covers its history. Camp Hollenbush was established by Captain John W.T. Gardiner commanding a detachment of soldiers from the 1st U.S. Dragoons and the 4th U.S. Infantry. The post was named for Assistant Surgeon Calvin G. Hollenbush. The post was later renamed Fort Crook for 1st Lieutenant George Crook, of the 4th U.S. Infantry, who commanded the Pitt River Expedition of 1857 and in one of the several

neg: Civil rights campaign in Seattle city council and mayor proposed a Seattle Human Rights Commission, which was established July 17 (City Ordinance 92191). The commission was authorized to draft open housing ordinance. This did not prevent a July 20 sit-in in the council chambers. On August 28, 1963, the same day as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 1,000 demonstrators marched from Seattle's First AME Church to the Federal Courthouse. Also that same day, Seattle Public Schools became the country's first major school system to initiate a voluntary desegregation plan. A week later, September 3, 1963, the Seattle Human

neg: Forrest-Marbury House originally home to Uriah Forrest, an early mayor of Georgetown. The house's next owner was real estate investor William Marbury, who occupied it in 1800 while he purchased large tracts in the District's Anacostia section. Marbury's battle with President Thomas Jefferson over President John Adams's federal appointments resulted in the landmark 1803 U. S. Supreme Court case "Marbury v. Madison", written by Chief Justice John Marshall and decided against Marbury, that first established the right of judicial review of executive and legislative branch acts of government. The house remained in Marbury's family throughout most of the nineteenth century. It was

neg: Jesse Lynch Holman Jesse Lynch Holman Jesse Lynch Holman (October 24, 1784 – March 18, 1842) was an Indiana lawyer, politician, and jurist, as well as a novelist, poet, city planner, and preacher. Holman also helped found Indiana University, Franklin College, and the Indiana Historical Society. Most notably, Holman was one of the first three justices of the Indiana Supreme Court and later served as a U. S. federal district judge. Born near Danville, Kentucky, on October 24, 1784, Holman grew up on the frontier. He read law and was admitted to the Kentucky bar on September 2, 1805. Holman established a private

neg: Sterling County, Texas lead to the Fence Cutting Wars. In the 1870s, the area was dominated by the large land and cattle outfits such as the Half Circle S, established by the Peacock brothers; the MS, set up by Schuster, Henry, and Company; and the "U" Ranch, established by J.D. Earnest and W.J. Holland. In 1880, Colonel William Randolph McEntire purchased the 80,000-acre (325-km²) "U" Ranch from M.B. Stephenson. Established in 1876 by J.D. Earnest and W.J. Holland, and later sold to M.B. Stephenson in 1879, the "U" Ranch was the first ranch established west of San Angelo in Tom Green County, Texas.

neg: Federal National Council members of the FNC were picked by the Rulers of the emirates. Over the last 43 years, the FNC has discussed hundreds of issues and drafted laws concerning the people and economy of the country. According to the Constitution, federal draft laws first have to pass through the FNC for review and recommendations. Draft laws and amendments formed with help of specialized house committees are presented to the Council for discussion and later sent back to the Cabinet for consideration and approval. Throughout its history, the Council has influenced the Federal Government to draft laws. Original draft laws from the

neg: Military history of the United States during World War II American public opinion was hostile to Hitler's Germany, but how much aid to give the Allies was controversial. Public opinion was even more hostile to Japan, and there was little opposition to increased support for China. By 1940 the U.S., while still neutral, was becoming the "Arsenal of Democracy" for the Allies, supplying money and war materials. The sudden defeat of France in spring 1940 caused the nation to begin to greatly grow its armed forces, including the first peacetime draft. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, America began sending Lend Lease aid to the

neg: Cornel Lengyel It persists through life.” In 1935, his first poetic drama "The World's My Village" won the Berkeley Playcrafters Production Prize and was later published in "Poet Lore". From 1937, as playwright for the Federal Theatre, his "Bridge-Builders" was performed with chorus and symphony at the Veterans' Auditorium in San Francisco. In 1939 and 1940 he worked for the WPA on the History of Music in San Francisco series. During World War Two he served in several capacities: with the U. S. Office of Censorship, in the Uncommon Language Department, as chief examiner for a year; as shipwright in the Kaiser

neg: Welsh v. Wisconsin as this. Although Welsh argues vigorously that the State violated his federal constitutional rights, he at no point relied on the exclusionary rule, and he does not contend that the Federal Constitution or federal law provides the remedy he seeks. As a general rule, this Court "reviews judgments, not statements in opinions." Black v. Cutter Laboratories, 351 U. S. 292, 351 U. S. 297 (1956). Because the Court does not purport tc hold that federal law requires the conclusion that Welsh's refusal to submit to a sobriety test was reasonable, it is not clear to me how the judgment of

neg: Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company 1907, a decision for which he was later derided by critics as a hypocrite. Indeed, in 1911 the federal government sought to undo what it perceived to be Roosevelt's mistake and (without success) sued U. S. Steel. In the meantime, Moore and Schley was saved from collapse, the panic soon subsided and U. S. Steel was rewarded with a valuable prize – a controlling stake in TCI. U. S. Steel immediately replaced the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company on the Dow Jones Index, where it remained until 1991. TCI was not fully incorporated into U. S. Steel, and continued

neg: History of the Berlin U-Bahn A further consequence of the Wall was that West Berliners, unwilling to help fund the Soviet-dominated state, boycotted the East-German-controlled S-Bahn, transferring wherever possible to the U-Bahn. For historic reasons, the S-Bahn was owned and operated by the GDR in both East and West Berlin. In West Berlin, housing developments in Britz and Rudow demanded an extension to the CI line. The Grenzallee to Britz-Süd connection opened on 28 September 1963. Guidelines for underground development stipulated that all lines should be linear, with no branches. Thus the extension in the opposite direction from Mehringdamm to Möckernbrücke established a new line:

neg: Jefferson County, Texas a study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers into the feasibility of deepening the Sabine-Neches waterway. This will allow ports in Southeast Texas, the third largest in the nation, to accommodate newer deep draft vessels and thus remain competitive with other ports on the Gulf Coast. Recently, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers issued their “Chief’s Report” which paves the way for federal funding of this project. The U S House and Senate recently passed legislation which was signed by the President authorizing the construction of the waterway improvements at a cost in excess of $1 billion. Congressional appropriations

neg: Almanac Singers John Doe", written to protest the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, the first peacetime draft in U.S. history. Recorded in February or March 1941 and issued in May, it comprised four songs written by Millard Lampell and two by Seeger and Hays (including "Plow Under") that followed the Communist Party line (after the 1939 Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact), urging non-intervention in World War II. It was produced by the founder of Keynote Records, Eric Bernay. Bernay, who owned a small record store, was the former business manager of the magazine "New Masses", which in 1938 and 39 had sponsored

neg: Boobs in Arms closing gag of a person riding a bombshell through the air would be re-created by Slim Pickens in 1964's "". Curly's print ad for "O'Brien's Kosher Restaurant" has "dessert" intentionally misspelled as "desert". The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 was passed by the United States Congress on September 16, 1940, becoming the first peacetime conscription in United States history. Hollywood reflected the interest of the American public in Conscription in the United States by having nearly every film studio bring out a military film comedy in 1941 with their resident comedian(s): However, the first comedians to appear in

neg: Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center The Hart-Dole-Inouye Federal Center, formerly the Battle Creek Federal Center, is a complex of federal buildings located in Battle Creek, Michigan. The facility has a colorful history intertwined with notable Americans. The property successively served as a sanitarium, military hospital, and offices. In 1866 the Seventh-day Adventists established the Western Health Reform Institute on eight acres of land, the former residence of Benjamin Graves, a judge of the Michigan Superior Court. H. S. Lay, the first physician in charge, and James and Ellen White, early founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, were instrumental in founding this health

neg: Japanese-American life before World War II the first step in preparing America for war against Germany, Japan, or both. The first military draft during peacetime in American history takes place. Roosevelt is elected as President of USA for a third term with 54 percent of the popular vote. August 18, 1941: Michigan representative John D. Dingell, Sr. suggests in a letter to President Roosevelt that 10,000 Hawaiian Japanese Americans should be held as hostages to ensure "good behavior" on the part of Japan. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, there were approximately 112,000 Japanese Americans living along

neg: Military history of the United States party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry. When the United States declared war in early April 1917, the United States Army was still small by European standards (most of which had conscription) and mobilization would take at least a year. Meanwhile, the United States continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France, and initiated the first peacetime draft. Industrial mobilization took longer than expected, so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment,

neg: History of wildfire suppression in the United States several years, administration of the park languished until 1886 when the U. S. Army was assigned the responsibility for its protection. Upon its arrival in the park, the Army found numerous fires burning in developed areas as well as in areas where it was not reasonable to control them. The commanding officer decided that human-caused fires along roads posed the biggest threat and that the Army would concentrate its suppression efforts on the control of those fires. There were not enough soldiers to fight all of the fires. Thus, came the first conscious decision by a manager of federal land

neg: Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 by mariana, also known as the Burke–Wadsworth Act, , was the first peacetime conscription in United States history. This Selective Service Act required that men who had reached their 21st birthday but had not yet reached their 36th birthday register with local draft boards. Later, when the U.S. entered World War II, all men from their 18th birthday until the day before their 45th birthday were made subject to military service, and all men from their 18th birthday until the day before their 65th birthday

neg: Soviet destroyer Baku the Soviets designed their own version. The "Leningrad"s had an overall length of and were long at the waterline. The ships had a beam of , and a draft of at deep load. Built in two batches, the second batch (Project 38) displaced at standard load and at deep load. Their crew numbered 250 officers and sailors in peacetime and 311 in wartime. The ships had three geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller, designed to produce using steam from three three-drum boilers which was intended to give them a maximum speed of . The "Leningrad"s carried enough fuel oil

neg: History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953) partly based on trends in U.S. federal expenditures. Due to the war effort mostly, in the first peacetime year of 1946, federal spending still amounted to $62 billion, or 30% of GDP, up from 3% of GDP in 1929, before the Great Depression, New Deal, and Second World War. Thus, Stalin assumed that the Americans would "need" to look to the Soviet Union, to maintain the same level of exports and state expenditures. However, there would be no postwar crisis of overproduction. And, as Varga anticipated, the U.S. maintained a roughly comparable level of government spending in the postwar era.

neg: Manatee conservation manatees, develop oil spill contingency plans, and increase public education. In 1979, Florida Governor Bob Graham made November Manatee Awareness Month, and the first state-designated protection zones were established. The year 1980 saw Congress allocate $100, 000 to the Marine Mammal Commission and the development of the initial Federal Manatee Recovery Plan by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1981 Bob Graham and Jimmy Buffett formed the Save the Manatee Committee, the precursor of the Save the Manatee Club, which sought to protect manatees and their habitats. Both the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act

neg: Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba S. SUMNER, U. S. V. 6 Brig.-General ADELBERT AMES, U. S. V. 7 Brig.-General WALLACE F. RANDOLPH, U. S. V. 8 Brig.-General CHAMBERS McKIBBIN, U. S. V. 9 Col. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1st U. S. Vol. Cav. 10 Lt.-Col. JOHN DAVID MILEY, Inspector-general, U. S. V. (Died at Manila, P. I., September 19, 1899) United Spanish War Veterans Spanish War Service Medal Spanish Campaign Medal Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba Society of the Army of Santiago de Cuba was an organization, the purpose of which was to record the history and conserve the memory of the events of

neg: Sid McMath federal court claim which Arkansas officials refused to join. Arkansas finally concluded a $60 million per year tag-along settlement in 1999. These, and the federal government's own recoveries which followed in their wake, will eventually exceed $1 trillion, representing the largest public interest litigation result in American legal history. Sid McMath remained active into his 90's, continuing to speak at Arkansas schools and events, particularly at his first alma mater, Henderson State University, whose faculty established a history and political science lecture series in his honor, and at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, to whose scholarship fund he

neg: Measurement of sea ice of open water. Hence it has mostly been used in the Arctic, where the ice is thicker and more continuous. Starting in 1958 U. S. Navy submarines collected upward-looking sonar profiles, for navigation and defense, and converted the information into estimates of ice thickness. Data from U. S. and Royal Navy submarines available from the NSIDC includes maps showing submarine tracks. Data are provided as ice draft profiles and as statistics derived from the profile data. Statistics files include information concerning ice draft characteristics, keels, level ice, leads, undeformed and deformed ice. Buoys are placed on the ice to measure

neg: Almanac Singers and the exclusion of blacks from factories doing defense work, signed Executive Order 8802 (The Fair Employment Act) banning racial discrimination by corporations receiving federal defense contracts. The racial situation, which had threatened black support for the peacetime draft, was now somewhat defused (even though the Army still declined to desegregate) and the march was canceled. The Almanac's second album, "Talking Union", also produced by Bernay, was a collection of six labor songs: "Union Maid", "I Don't Want Your Millions Mister", "Get Thee Behind Me Satan", "Union Train", "Which Side Are You On?", and the eponymous "Talking Union". This album,

neg: Military history of Germany became de facto part of the Federal Republic of Germany despite the city's location deep in the German Democratic Republic. That resulted in a special situation for Berlin, i.e. the draft was not in effect in West Berlin. This condition continued until 1990 when the two states were reunited. The Bundeswehr was established in 1955 in West Germany. In 1956, conscription for all men between 18 and 45 in years was introduced after heavy discussions about re-militarising Germany. A significant exception came from the conscientious objector clause in the West German constitution: West Germany was the first country to grant

neg: Tim Durham 2012; he was sentenced to 50 years in prison–at his age, effectively a life sentence. While he faced a maximum of 225 years under sentencing guidelines, federal district judge Jane Magnus-Stinson said there was no point in handing down a sentence that long. Nonetheless, Joe Hogsett, the U. S. Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana, called it the longest sentence ever imposed for a white-collar offense in Indiana history. On September 4, 2014, a federal appeals court overturned two of 10 wire fraud counts against Durham and ordered a new sentencing hearing, saying prosecutors failed to enter some key

neg: History of surface weather analysis tables showing eight-hour pressure change, 24-hour temperature change, relative humidity, and 24-hour precipitation. The Signal Office also added a general discussion of synoptic weather features and forecast, before adding isobars and isotherms onto the maps. By the end of 1872, the maps had established the format it would use until the introduction of frontal analysis. By the 20th century, most of the weather-related functions under the U. S. Signal Corps branched off into a new civilian agency known as the U. S. Weather Bureau, the forerunner of today's National Weather Service. Internationally, other countries followed the lead of the United

neg: German submarine U-1191 as , which was sunk only days before "U-1191"'s demise. The wreck is located at . German submarine U-1191 German submarine "U-1191" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II. The "U-1191" was laid down on 4 November 1942 at the F Schichau shipyard in Danzig, Poland. She was launched on 6 July 1943 and commissioned on 9 September 1943 under the command of "Oberleutnant zur See" Peter Grau. When she was completed, the submarine was long, with a beam of , a height of and a draft of . She was assessed at submerged.

neg: Convention on the Future of Europe Convention on the Future of Europe The Convention on the Future of Europe (officially the European Convention), was a body established by the European Council in December 2001 as a result of the Laeken Declaration. Inspired by the Philadelphia Convention that led to the adoption of the United States federal Constitution, its purpose was to produce a draft constitution for the European Union for the Council to finalise and adopt. The Convention finished its work in July 2003 with their Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. See History of the European Constitution for developments after this point. In December

neg: German U-boat bases in occupied Norway The Germans immediately saw the potential for several Norwegian harbours and ports to function as bases of operation for the "Kriegsmarine"'s U-boats patrolling the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean. It would become the home of the 11th U-boat Flotilla. Bergen was the first Norwegian port to be established as a U-boat base. From July 1940 to the end of the war in May 1945, 270 U-boat patrols originated in Bergen. Bergen was also the site where the only type XXI submarine left for a patrol in the war; left the port on 3 May 1945. Planning for the first

neg: Military Order of the Dragon U. S. A. Vice-Presidents—Rear-Admiral George C. Remey, U. S. N.; George Richards, U. S. Marine Corps, Registrar—Major Henry Leonard, U. S. Marine Corps. Secretary and Treasurer—Col. Henry O. S. Heistand, U. S. A., War Department, Washington, D. C. 1916 President, Secretary and Treasurer, Col. HOS Heistand, USA Army, Fort Myer, Va. China Relief Expedition Medal China Campaign Medal Military Order of the Carabao Military Order of the Dragon The Military Order of the Dragon. The purpose was to record the history and conserve the memory of the military campaign in China in the year 1900. Provision being made for admitting

neg: Geelong Football Club draft and trade history Geelong Football Club draft and trade history The Geelong Football Club has participated in the Australian Football League (AFL) Draft since it was first established in 1986, when it was known as the Victorian Football League (VFL). Explanations: Note: The numbering of the draft picks in the notes is based on the original order at the time of the trade. The number of the pick may have changed due to the allocation of Free Agency compensation picks or clubs not using later picks. A mid-season draft was held each year from 1990 to 1993, allowing clubs to add players during

neg: 1st Ubootgeschwader 1st Ubootgeschwader The 1st Ubootgeschwader (1st UG) () is a submarine squadron of the German Navy. It is based at Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, and forms part of "Einsatzflottille 1", headquartered in Kiel. The "1st Ubootgeschwader" (1st UG) was set up on 1 October 1961 in Kiel. It was initially under the control of the , before it was subordinated to the newly established on 1 November. The 1st UG received its first submarine, the newly-commissioned Type 201 submarine "U-1", on 21 March 1962. The "U-1" was the first submarine constructed in post-war Germany. "U-1"s sister ship, "U-2" followed in May 1962.

neg: Regular Army (United States) used to describe a person's peacetime rank in contrast to the commissions offered to fight in the First World War. The Regular Army, as an actual U.S. Army component, was reorganized by the National Defense Act of 1920 (amending the National Defense Act of 1916), when the large draft force of the National Army was demobilized and disbanded. The remaining Army force was formed into the peacetime Regular Army (which included inactive units in the Regular Army Inactive [RAI]), augmented by the Organized Reserve (created by combining the Officer Reserve Corps (ORC) and the Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC) authorized by

neg: S. U. Hastings Council of Churches, from 1960 to 1963 and again in 1971. He was the first Chairman of the Board of Governors of the United Theological College of the West Indies (UTCWI) where he also lectured in Homiletics, Church History and Church Administration. "These 50 Years" (1991), a book of sermons. He was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree by Moravian Theological Seminary (1990) and made a Commander of the Order of Distinction (1989). He was married to Pansy. They had three children. The Moravian Church in Jamaica has established a foundation in his honour. As part of the church's 250th

neg: Katie Stengel 2008-09 season. Stengel returned to Newcastle for the 2018–19 W-League season. After the Boston Breakers folded ahead of the 2018 season, Stengel was selected by the Utah Royals FC in the Boston Breakers dispersal draft. Stengel appeared in 23 games for the Royals. She scored a team leading six goals and scored the first brace in Royals history. With the United States Under-20 team Stengel won the 2012 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. At the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Stengel appeared in four games and scored three goals. The United States won the U-20 World Cup. Stengel has also

neg: Military service and substitutes were criminals or men with debilitating health problems, and thus largely useless. The Confederate government had begun drafting men in early 1862. Conscription was next used after the United States entered World War I in 1917. The first peacetime conscription came with the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. When World War II ended, so did the draft. It was quickly reinstated with the Korean War and retained for the next 20 years, especially in the Vietnam War. Active conscription ("the draft") ended in 1973. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter, a Democrat, brought back draft registration. All

neg: Jacob U. Egharevba allowed him access to senior informants who had knowledge of Benin's oral history. In 1921, Egharevba wrote the draft of his first book, "Ekhere vb Itan Edo" later known as "The Short History of Benin". The book was published c.1933 by CMS Press and was very successful. His first four publications were in Edo language but he switched to English in 1934 due to its widespread use and the effect on commercial appeal. He followed his first book with Benin Law and Custom published in 1934. Egharevba's knowledge of Benin history, laws and customs was used in Native Court cases

neg: National Environmental Policy Act Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351 (1992) on pages 560-561: Over the years, our cases have established that the irreducible constitutional minimum of standing contains three elements. First, the plaintiff must have suffered an "injury in fact"—an invasion of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete and particularized, see id., at 756; Warth v. Seldin, 422 U. S. 490, 508 (1975); Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U. S. 727, 740-741, n. 16 (1972);[1] and (b) "actual or imminent, not `conjectural' or `hypothetical,' " Whitmore, supra, at 155 (quoting Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U. S. 95, 102 (1983)).

neg: Charlotte Hornets draft history MVP, a four-time All-star game MVP, a two-time Finals MVP, an eleven-time all-NBA first team, and a five-time NBA Champion. The first player picked by the Bobcats, Emeka Okafor, was named the 2004–05 Rookie of the Year and voted to the NBA All-Rookie First Team. Charlotte Hornets draft history The original Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) were established in 1988 as an expansion team, based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team's roster was filled with unprotected players at the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft, and five days later the Hornets made their first picks out of college players

neg: Postage stamps and postal history of the United States on watermarked paper for the first time in U.S. postal history. The watermarks imbedded the logo U S P S into the paper in double-lined letters. The Bureau's definitive issues of the 1890s consisted of 13 different denominations ranging from 1 cent to 5 dollars, and may be differentiated by the presence or absence of this watermark, which would appear on all U. S. Postage stamps between 1895 and 1910. The final issue of 1898 altered the colors of many denominations to bring the series into conformity with the recommendations of the Universal Postal Union (an international body charged with

neg: Nate Jaqua that year, he was selected by Seattle Sounders FC in the first round of the 2008 MLS Expansion Draft. Jaqua stayed with Seattle through the 2011 season. At season's end, the club declined his 2012 contract option and he entered the 2011 MLS Re-Entry Draft. Jaqua was selected by New England Revolution in stage two of the draft on December 12, 2011. He was offered a contract but did not sign with New England. Jaqua has played for the U-18, U-20, and U-23 United States national teams. He got his first cap for the senior team on January 29, 2006,

neg: Telegraph troops in Coblenz the former Boelcke Barracks and, from 1914, Darmstadt as well. The battalion was established on 1 October 1907 and was subordinated to the XIV Corps and 2nd Inspectorate of the Telegraph Corps. Peacetime locations were Karlsruhe and Freiburg. The battalion was established on 1 October 1912 and was subordinated to the VII Corps and the 1st Inspectorate of the Telegraph Corps. Peacetime location was Danzig. Telegraph Battalion No. 6 was established in 1913 and was garrisoned at Hanover. Telegraph Battalion No. 7 was subordinated to the 1st Telegraph Corps Inspectorate. Its peacetime location was Zeithain. The 1st Telegraph

neg: USNA Out USNA Out USNA Out is an American non-profit organization of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Alumni of the U. S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. USNA Out is an independent 501(c)(3) organization that does not represent the Naval Academy Alumni Association nor the U. S. Naval Academy. USNA Out is the first LGBT organization representing alumni from a federal service academy. The group was initially formed in 2003 when 32 LGBT alumni of the Naval Academy petitioned the USNA Alumni Association for special status as a non-geographic chapter of the Alumni Association, similar to the special status of the

neg: Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building more cost-effective for the U. S. Coast Guard to move to a secure, federally owned site than to find a replacement lease for Transpoint Building. By 2006 new U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters Building in St. Elizabeths Hospital ground was proposed in 2006 federal budget, although, construction of the building began in 2009 after receiving funding by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Budgeted at $646.2 million it was the most expensive GSA project at the time. Building was officially opened on July 29, 2013. From August 2013 to November 2013 U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters units relocated to

neg: U Lazy S Ranch U Lazy S Ranch The U Lazy S Ranch, formerly known as the Square and Compass Ranch, is a historic ranch in Garza County, Texas, USA. The ranch was established as the Square and Compass Ranch in 1884. By 1901, when it was acquired by John Bunyan Slaughter, the ranch spanned 99,188 acres. Slaughter also purchased 5,000 cattle and brought 6,000 head of cattle he already owned. Additionally, he changed the name to his cattle brand, 'U Lazy S', which he had registered during the American Civil War. He built a ranchhouse in 1902 and acquired more acres, owning up

neg: Jimmy Hayes (ice hockey) then selected to the 2006 U.S. U-17 Select Team and participated at the U-18 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament hosted in the Czech Republic. He was selected first overall in the 2006 USHL Futures Draft by the Ohio Junior Blue Jackets. In 2006–07, Hayes played for the USA Hockey National Team Development Program (NTDP)'s under-18 team, and was also a member of the silver medal-winning Team USA at the 2007 IIHF World U18 Championships, hosted in Finland. The 2007–08 season marked Hayes' second season with the NTDP. In 18 games with the U18 team, he tallied seven points, and in 19

neg: Environmental impact assessment established a policy of environmental impact assessment for federal agency actions, federally funded activities or federally permitted/licensed activities that in the U. S. is termed "environmental review" or simply "the NEPA process." The law also created the Council on Environmental Quality, which promulgated regulations to codify the law's requirements. Under United States environmental law an Environmental Assessment (EA) is compiled to determine the need for an "Environmental Impact Statement" (EIS). Federal or federalized actions expected to subject or be subject to significant environmental impacts will publish a Notice of Intent to Prepare an EIS as soon as significance is known.

neg: Federal preemption 375 U.S. 96, 103, ... (1963), that 'the purpose of Congress is the ultimate touch-stone' in every pre-emption case."] Second, "[i]n all pre-emption cases, and particularly in those in which Congress has 'legislated ... in a field which the States have traditionally occupied', ... we 'start with the assumption that the historic police powers of the States were not to be superseded by the Federal Act unless that was the clear and manifest purpose of Congress'." "Lohr", 518 U. S., at 485 (quoting "Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp.", 331 U. S. 218, 230 (1947) ). See also "Reilly", 533

neg: SM U-68 her first war patrol, on 22 March 1916, "U-68" was sunk by , a British Q-ship, with all hands. "U-68" sank no ships in her brief career. A post-war German study found fault with "U-68"s captain for not following established procedures for avoiding decoy ships. After the Austro-Hungarian Navy had competitively evaluated three foreign submarine designs, it selected the Germaniawerft 506d design, also known as the Type UD, for its new "U-7" class of five submarines. The Navy ordered five boats on 1 February 1913. The "U-7" class was seen by the Austro-Hungarian Navy as an improved version of its

neg: German submarine U-293 coast of Russia, failed encounter any ships, and once again returned to Narvik on 19 December 1944, having left on 21 November 1944. After this patrol, the U-boat was put under the command of Oblt. Erich Steinbrink. With Steinbrink in command, "U-293" departed Narvik on 1 January 1945. In what was to be the longest patrol conducted in "U-293"s history, the U-boat once again traveled into the Arctic off of the northern coast of Russia. It was here on 20 January 1945 that "U-293" scored her first and only hit of the war. At 10:55 AM local time, the Soviet

neg: Federal Urdu University Haq in 1949. Then this college was given the status of a University in 2002. The Federal Urdu University was established on 13 November 2002 by presidential order and is the first university in Pakistan to teach primarily in the Urdu language. It was established by merging the Federal Urdu Arts College and the Federal Urdu Science College, both in Karachi. President Pervez Musharraf was the university's first chancellor. In 2018, President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain and Prof. Dr. S. Altaf Hussain are the chancellor and vice-chancellor of the university respectively. The Federal Urdu University comprises three campuses and a

neg: Columbian Issue U. S. stamp history. The Columbians, like all previous U. S. stamps, had been produced by private security printers on limited-term contracts periodically presented for bidding. They proved, however, to be the last U. S. stamps printed by a private company for many years. For during early 1894, the American Bank Note Company failed to secure a renewal of its stamp contract because the U. S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing submitted a lower bid; and the Bureau then enjoyed a monopoly on U. S. stamp production for decades thereafter. Not until 1944 would a private company again produce U.

neg: Ennis RFC First President: Dr. J.B. McClancy First Vice President: Ned Butler First Club Secretary: Frank Cassidy Other founding members: Martin Culligan, Vincent Honan, Serry Honan, Luke Moroney, Anthony Moroney, Owen Linnane, Des Maurer, Bernie Maurer, Eddie Monahan, Victor Monahan, Gerry McMahon, Peter Cosgrove, Jack Carroll, John Coleman, Frank Dowling, Jack Considine and Paddy Kelly. 1928 Daresbury Cup 1932 Garryowen Cup 1976/77 The Kenny Shield 1977/78 Banner Shield 1978/79 Limerick City Cup 2006 Liam Fitzgerald Cup Senior, Senior 2nds, U-19's, U-17's, U-15's, U-14's, U-13's, U-12's, U-11's, U-10's, U-9's, U-8's, The club has had great success in recent years with underage players selected

neg: Sal Buscema studio in Manhattan" but was fired after three months of doing mostly production work. He went on to a larger commercial-art studio, where he was a gofer and a delivery person. He quit, then spent less than a year filling wedding-ring orders for the jewelry manufacturer J.R. Wood and Sons before being drafted into the peacetime U. S. Army in 1956. Classified as an "illustrator", he served with the Army Corps of Engineers stationed at Fort Belvoir in Virginia. He spent 21 months doing film strips and charts as training aids before being discharged after two years. He attained the

neg: Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building the Wilkins Building and the Liberty Loan Building. In 1942, U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters consolidated those offices into the Southern Railway Building. Between 1963 and 1971 U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters units occupied 800 Independence Avenue Southwest along with Federal Aviation Agency. In early 1960s and in early 1970s agency also occupied 1300 E Street Northwest. In 1970 U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters moved into Nassif Building along with its new parent agency United States Department of Transportation. Last building to be headquarters was Transpoint Building, leased by General Services Administration since 1979 from Laszlo N. Tauber & Associates,

neg: Intelligence cycle security published the first JCS OPSEC Survey Planning Guide, and distributed this publication within DOD and to other Federal agencies. The JCS began presenting a series of annual OPSEC conferences for representatives throughout government. Attendees discussed ways to adapt the OPSEC concept developed for combat operations to the peacetime environment. Throughout the late 1970s, the military services established their own OPSEC programs and published implementing directives and regulations. By the end of the decade, they were conducting their own surveys. After the Vietnam War, a number of the individuals who had been involved in the development or application of the OPSEC

neg: Air Mail scandal Fulton Lewis, Jr. Ludington Airline, established and owned by brothers Townsend and Nicholas Ludington, began offering an hourly daytime passenger shuttle on September 1, 1930, just two weeks after Eastern Air Transport (EAT) began its first passenger operations between New York City and Richmond, Virginia. Using seven Stinson SM-6000B tri-motors Ludington Airline became the first U. S. airline in history to make a profit carrying nothing but passengers. However it began operating in the red when the novelty of cheap air travel wore off as the Great Depression deepened and competition with arch-rival EAT intensified. The official mentioned to Lewis

neg: Soviet destroyer Gnevny (1936) was sunk by German bombers three days later. Having decided to build the large and expensive destroyer leaders, the Soviet Navy sought Italian assistance in designing smaller and cheaper destroyers. They licensed the plans for the and, in modifying it for their purposes, made a marginally stable design top heavy. The "Gnevny"s had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of at deep load. The ships were significantly overweight, almost heavier than designed, displacing at standard load and at deep load. Their crew numbered 197 officers and sailors in peacetime and 236 in wartime. The

neg: John Sherman to the background as coins of both metals disappeared from the nation's commerce in favor of the new paper notes, but as the dollar became stronger in peacetime and the national debt payments were guaranteed to be paid in specie, Congress saw the need to update the coinage laws. Grant's Treasury Secretary, George S. Boutwell, sent Sherman (who was by now Senate Finance Committee Chairman) a draft of what would become the Coinage Act of 1873. The list of legal coins duplicated that of the previous coinage act, leaving off only the silver dollar and two smaller coins. The rationale

neg: Gnevny-class destroyer plans for the and, in modifying it for their purposes, overloaded a design that was already somewhat marginally stable. The "Gnevny"s had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of at deep load. The ships were significantly overweight, almost heavier than designed, displacing at standard load and at deep load. Their crew numbered 197 officers and sailors in peacetime and 236 in wartime. The ships were powered by two geared steam turbine sets, each driving a single propeller shaft using steam provided by three water-tube boilers that operated at a pressure of and a temperature

neg: Compaq Texas Instruments, and established operations from scratch in both Europe and Asia. Pfeiffer was given $20,000 USD to start up Compaq Europe He started up Compaq's first overseas office in Munich in 1984. By 1990, Compaq Europe was a $2 billion business and number two behind IBM in that region, and foreign sales contributed 54 percent of Compaq's revenues. Pfeiffer, while transplanting Compaq's U. S. strategy of dealer-only distribution to Europe, was more selective in signing up dealers than Compaq had been in the U. S. such that European dealers were more qualified to handle its increasingly complex products. During

neg: 1982 U-Tex Wranglers season 1982 U-Tex Wranglers season The 1982 U/Tex Wranglers season was the eight and final season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The U/Tex Wranglers had Julius Wayne, a seventh round draft pick by the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1981 NBA draft, as their import for the Reinforced Filipino Conference. The Wranglers lost their first three games of the season, bowed to Mariwasa-Honda on opening day and against Crispa and Toyota, before finally picking up its first win at the expense of Yco-Tanduay, 118-114 on March 25. U/Tex finish the elimination phase with an 8-10 won-loss card.

neg: Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I World War II in a similar U-boat war against the British Empire. On 6 August 1914, two days after Britain had declared war on Germany, the German U-boats , , , , , , , , , and sailed from their base in Heligoland to attack Royal Navy warships in the North Sea in the first submarine war patrols in history. The U-boats sailed north, hoping to encounter Royal Navy squadrons between Shetland and Bergen. On 8 August, one of "U-9"s engines broke down and she was forced to return to base. On the same day, off Fair Isle, "U-15"

neg: History of the United States Marine Corps The deposed Pasha, Prince Hamet Karamanli was so impressed with the Marines that he presented a Mameluke sword to O'Bannon inscribed in memory of the Battle of Derne, a tradition continued today by the swords worn by Marine officers. In May 1811, 2 officers and 47 Marines established an advanced base on Cumberland Island, Georgia to be used for actions against pirates in Spanish Florida, and captured Fernandina on 18 March 1812 for occupation until May 1813. This was the first peacetime overseas base of the United States. The Marine Corps' first land action of the War of 1812 was

neg: Utricularia inflata Federal Pond has been used for various purposes since the late 18th century, though Sorrie also notes that transfer of propagules by waterfowl or herons from "U. inflata"'s native range may be just as likely. Three years after the first collection in Massachusetts, a study of the area around Spruce Pond in Orange County, New York yielded the first record for "U. inflata" in New York State. The authors of the study speculate that, unlike the population found in Massachusetts, it is unlikely that the population in Spruce Pond was the result of human introduction because the pond is in

neg: Federal preemption than one plausible reading, courts ordinarily "accept the reading that disfavors pre-emption. "Bates v. Dow Agrosciences LLC", 544 U.S. 431, 449 (2005). In "Wyeth v. Levine" (2009), the Court emphasized what it called the "two cornerstones" of pre-emption jurisprudence: First, "the purpose of Congress is the ultimate touchstone in every pre-emption case". "Medtronic, Inc. v. Lohr", 518 U. S. 470, 485 (1996) (internal quotation marks omitted); see Retail Clerks v. Schermerhorn, 375 U. S. 96, 103 (1963). [Medtronic: "[O]ur analysis of the scope of the statute's pre-emption is guided by our oft-repeated comment, initially made in "Retail Clerks v. Schermerhorn",

neg: When I See U song peaked at number thirty-two on the chart, becoming more successful than "Fantasia"s first single, "Hood Boy", which failed to chart. It also reached number one for nine weeks on "Billboard"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "When I See U" was Fantasia's first single to reach the top ten on the chart since "Free Yourself" in 2005, and her first single to top the chart. The song is one of only 14 songs to ever spend over a year on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop chart, and is currently tied as the eighth longest running song in the chart's history, in its 57th