query: who is credited with being the first person to use talking therapy

pos: History of psychotherapy movement and the use of moral therapy. It wasn't until the end of the 19th century, around the time when Sigmund Freud was first developing his "talking cure" in Vienna, that the first scientifically clinical application of psychology began—at the University of Pennsylvania, to help children with learning disabilities. Although clinical psychologists originally focused on psychological assessment, the practice of psychotherapy, once the sole domain of psychiatrists, became integrated into the profession after the Second World War. Psychotherapy began with the practice of psychoanalysis, the "talking cure" developed by Sigmund Freud. Soon afterwards, theorists such as Alfred Adler and Carl

pos: Integrative psychotherapy Integrative psychotherapy Integrative psychotherapy is the integration of elements from different schools of psychotherapy in the treatment of a client. "Integrative psychotherapy" may also refer to the psychotherapeutic process of integrating the personality: uniting the "affective, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological systems within a person". Initially, Sigmund Freud developed a talking cure called psychoanalysis; then he wrote about his therapy and popularized psychoanalysis. After Freud, many different disciplines splintered off. Some of the more common therapies include: psychodynamic psychotherapy, transactional analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, gestalt therapy, body psychotherapy, family systems therapy, person-centered psychotherapy, and existential therapy. Hundreds of different theories of

neg: Grief therapy dog This can benefit the grieving human, who may be apprehensive about talking with another person for the fear of being hurt or lied to. Pets are an addition to therapy because they allow people to feel safe and accepted. A large number of studies show that animals can offer relief and serenity to a wide age range of vulnerable people with various different emotional issues. Ross DeJohn Jr. of DeJohn Funeral Homes in Ohio says Magic, a Portuguese water dog, "Makes people smile even when they don't want to." (qtd. in Sinatra-Ayers). Amy Sather, Rincon Valley assistant principal, brings her

neg: Dissociative disorder several years, and may become less of a problem after mid-life. Dissociative amnesia Cause: A way to cope with trauma. Treatment: Psychotherapy (e.g. talk therapy) counseling or psychosocial therapy which involves talking about your disorder and related issues with a mental health provider. Psychotherapy often involves hypnosis (help you remember and work through the trauma); creative art therapy (using creative process to help a person who cannot express his or her thoughts); cognitive therapy (talk therapy to identify unhealthy and negative beliefs/behaviors); and medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications or tranquilizers). These medications help control the mental health symptoms associated with the

neg: Mister Ed Walter R. Brooks, which began with "The Talking Horse" in the September 18, 1937, issue of "Liberty" magazine. Brooks is otherwise best known for the "Freddy the Pig" series of children's novels, which likewise featured talking animals that interact with humans. Sonia Chernus, secretary to director Arthur Lubin, introduced Lubin to the Brooks stories and is credited with developing the concept for television. The show's concept resembles that of the "Francis the Talking Mule" movies in which an equine title character talks, but only to one person, thus causing a variety of opportunities and frustrations. The first six "Francis" films

neg: McGuire programme McGuire programme The McGuire Programme is a stammering treatment programme/course run by people who stammer which teaches the use of costal breathing (also known as diaphragmatic breathing), assertive self acceptance as a person who stammers, non avoidance methods and sports psychology. All methods are taught to control stammering with the aim being controlled speech and not fluency. There is no cure for stammering and the McGuire Programme does not claim to be a cure, instead offering a viable therapy option. However many stammerers that have had poor results with conventional speech therapy through childhood and adulthood, report significantly more success.

neg: Psychotherapy turn be rooted in existentialism—the belief that human beings can only find meaning by creating it. This is the goal of existential therapy. Existential therapy is in turn philosophically associated with phenomenology. Person-centered therapy, also known as client-centered, focuses on the therapist showing openness, empathy and "unconditional positive regard", to help clients express and develop their own self. Gestalt therapy, originally called "concentration therapy", is an existential/experiential form that facilitates awareness in the various contexts of life, by moving from talking about relatively remote situations to action and direct current experience. Derived from various influences, including an overhaul of psychoanalysis,

neg: Carl Rogers the therapy situation. As a result, he started to use the term "person-centered approach" later in his life to describe his overall theory. Person-centered therapy is the application of the person-centered approach to the therapy situation. Other applications include a theory of personality, interpersonal relations, education, nursing, cross-cultural relations and other "helping" professions and situations. In 1946 Rogers co-authored "Counseling with Returned Servicemen" with John L. Wallen (the creator of the behavioral model known as "The Interpersonal Gap"), documenting the application of person-centered approach to counseling military personnel returning from the second world war. The first empirical evidence of the

neg: Anxiety disorder cocaine and amphetamines), hallucinogens, and inhalants. Focus is increasing on prevention of anxiety disorders. There is tentative evidence to support the use of cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness therapy. As of 2013, there are no effective measures to prevent GAD in adults. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, therapy, and medications. There is no clear evidence as to whether therapy or medication is more effective; the choice of which is up to the person with the anxiety disorder and most choose therapy first. The other may be offered in addition to the first choice or if the first choice fails to

neg: Sensory art therapy Sensory art therapy Sensory art therapy is a type of treatment that uses all kinds of art (including music, visual art, and dance) to explore emotions, resolve psychological conflicts, reduce anxiety, as well as decrease physical pain. The creative and nonconventional process of sensory art therapy often elicits better results for individuals who suffer from chronic stress, depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as well as those who have been diagnosed with learning/development disabilities. Margaret Namburg, Edith Kramer, Hanna Kwiatkowska and Elinor Ulman have been credited with being the pioneers of the field of sensory art therapy. While all of

neg: Augustus Pleasonton of humans and helped eradicate disease. This theory is pseudoscientific and was never adopted by mainstream scientists, even in his time, but it is often credited as being the birth of modern chromotherapy. Chromotherapy, also called color therapy is an alternative medicine therapy method which states that certain colors can influence the health of a person. His basis for his theory was that plants flourished in the spring time and not in the winter, when the sky was less blue. Between the years 1861 and 1876, he tested this theory by establishing greenhouses to grow grapes and ran experiments on

neg: Sir William Herschel, 2nd Baronet children: He lived at Warfield in Berkshire. Upon his death the baronetcy passed to his son. Herschel is credited with being the first European to note the value of fingerprints for identification. He recognized that fingerprints were unique and permanent. Herschel documented his own fingerprints over his lifetime to prove permanence. He was also credited with being the first person to use fingerprints in a practical manner. As early as the 1850s, working as a British officer for the Indian Civil Service in the Bengal region of India, he started putting fingerprints on contracts. (Book by Herschel) Sir William Herschel,

neg: Cop Killer (song) the basis of the band's First Amendment rights. Ice-T has referred to it as a "protest record." Ice-T eventually recalled the album and re-released it without the inclusion of the song, which was given away as a free single. Ice-T referred to "Cop Killer" as a "protest record", stating that the song is "[sung] in the first person as a character who is fed up with police brutality". Ice-T has also credited the Talking Heads song "Psycho Killer" with partially inspiring the song. "Cop Killer" was written in 1990, and had been performed live several times, including at the 1991

neg: Peter Breggin Well-Being in Children and Families. Edited by Bruce Kirkcaldy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Psychology, Life, and Overcoming Negative Emotions Peter Breggin Peter Roger Breggin (born May 11, 1936) is an American psychiatrist and critic of shock treatment and psychiatric medication. In his books, he advocates replacing psychiatry's use of drugs and electroconvulsive therapy with psychotherapy, education, empathy, love, and broader human services. Breggin is the author of many books critical of modern psychiatry, including "Toxic Psychiatry", "Talking Back to Prozac" and "Talking Back to Ritalin." His most recent book, "Brain-Disabling Treatments in Psychiatry", discusses his theory of medication spellbinding (in which

neg: Mountadam Vineyards one for the boxes, the designs still in use today. Mountadam Vineyards Mountadam Vineyards is a winery established in 1972 and is located in Eden Valley, South Australia within the Barossa wine zone. The winery is particularly known for its Chardonnay wines. Mountadam was founded by David Wynn, who named the vineyard after his son, Adam. Wynn is credited with several milestones in winemaking, such as creating the wine cask, planting the first contour vineyard in Australia (Modbury) and being the first person to plant Riesling in Coonawarra. In 1993, Wynn received the Maurice O'Shea Award – one of the

neg: Matching person and technology model are not considered. The use and non-use of technology as conceptualized in the Matching person and technology model has been validated by many researchers and authors representing the fields of occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech language pathology, psychology, and others. The matching person and technology model is operationalized by a series of reliable and valid measures that provide a person-centered and individualized approach to matching individuals with the most appropriate technologies for their use. The matching person & technology model and measures were developed by Marcia J. Scherer beginning in 1986. Matching person and technology model The matching person and

neg: Christopher Allen Bouchillon trademark "talking" way of singing because of his supposedly horrible singing voice. His recording director reportedly loved to listen to him talk however, and recommended he re-record a few songs by talking instead of singing. The resultant record, "Talking Blues" was released in 1927 and became a hit. This unique talking style of singing became known as the talking blues and inspired artists such as Woody Guthrie and Bob Dylan. Christopher Allen Bouchillon Christopher Allen Bouchillon (August 21, 1893 – September 18, 1968) was an American country music and blues musician from South Carolina, who is often credited with being

neg: Arnold Lazarus As a graduate student at Stanford University, Lazarus extended his knowledge beyond the typical psychological views of the time and is credited with coining the term for the growing field of "behavioral therapy." Lazarus and his mentor Joseph Wolpe published the book "Behavioral Therapy Techniques" in 1966 which was the first to show the importance of increasing adaptive behavior and decreasing maladaptive behaviors on mental health. In the process of writing their book, Lazarus and Wolpe came to differ in their stances on use of behavioral therapy. Wolpe favoring an approach centered on applying only therapy techniques and Lazarus favoring

neg: Ghostface (character) The voice given to the character, provided by Jackson, is used when talking to another character over the phone or to display the use of the voice changer when the killer reveals himself. Despite being portrayed by different characters in each film, Ghostface displays similar personality and physical attributes regardless of who is wearing the costume or speaking to a target. Ghostface is never referred to by their name until "Scream 4", simply called "The Killer" and "Father Death" in the original "Scream", while being credited as "The Voice" in the credits. The name originates from one character Tatum Riley

neg: Marsha Albert a high school senior in West Frankfort, Illinois, claimed that she was the first to play a record by The Beatles in America on her father’s radio station in September, but that was disputed by Chicago radio station WLS AM—though Raubach is credited with being the first American to interview on American radio a Beatle member, George Harrison, who at the time (September 1963) was in the southern Illinois region to visit his sister. Marsha Albert Marsha Albert (born 1948) is credited with being the person who jump-started the early 1960s phenomena known as Beatlemania in the United States when

neg: Human givens the best of person-centred counselling, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoeducational approaches, interpersonal therapy, imaginal exposure and hypnotherapy". The Human Givens Institute' has been accredited in the UK by the Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care (PSA). Abraham Maslow is credited with the first prominent theory which laid out a hierarchy of needs. The precise nature of the hierarchy and the needs have subsequently been refined by modern neuroscientific and psychological research. Since Maslow's work in the middle of the twentieth century, a significant body of research has been undertaken to clarify what human beings need to be

neg: Jack Dann 1998 Braille & Talking Book Library Awards. Dann's second historical novel adopts a first person perspective, and is written in the form of a journal produced by Edmund "Mundy" McDowell, a teenager in 1862 during the American Civil War, who writes as a form of therapy later in life - or possibly as a restless spirit. After his home is razed, and his mother raped and murdered by looters, he embarks upon a journey across wartime Virginia. The trauma of his experiences has rendered him mute, hence the title of the piece. It also colours his journey - which depicts

neg: Electroconvulsive therapy experiments, and his colleague Lucio Bini developed the idea of using electricity as a substitute for metrazol in convulsive therapy and, in 1938, experimented for the first time on a person. It was believed early on that inducing convulsions aided in helping those with severe schizophrenia but later found to be most useful with affective disorders such as depression. Cerletti had noted a shock to the head produced convulsions in dogs. The idea to use electroshock on humans came to Cerletti when he saw how pigs were given an electric shock before being butchered to put them in an anesthetized

neg: Perpetrator trauma dreaming person or demanding to know why he or she did it. Also possible is a motif of the self being split in two so that the killer part of the person is seen as actually being a different person. Therapies that have shown some effectiveness in the treatment of perpetrator trauma include group therapy, eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, Time Perspective Therapy and understanding how common the problem is. Those who suffer, many of whom participated in violence as a matter of social expectation, find it beneficial to know that they are having a normal reaction to an abnormal situation,

neg: Intrapersonal communication both first person and second person pronouns. However, through years of research, scholars have already realized that people tend to use first-person and second-person self-talk in different situations. Generally speaking, people are more likely to use the second-person pronoun referring to the self when there is a need for self-regulation, an imperative to overcome difficulties, and facilitation of hard actions whereas first person intrapersonal talks are more frequently used when people are talking to themselves about their feelings. Recent research also has revealed that using the second-person pronoun to provide self-suggestion is more effective in promoting the intentions to carry

neg: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management Wellbutrin). There is good empirical evidence for short-term safety and efficacy for the use of desipramine, bupropion and atomoxetine (Strattera). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends different treatment paradigms depending on the age of the person being treated. For those aged 4–5, the Academy recommends evidence-based parent- and/or teacher-administered behavior therapy, with the addition of methylphenidate only if there is continuing moderate-to-severe functional disturbances. For those aged 6–11, the use of medication in combination with behavior therapy is recommended, with

neg: Norwegian Library of Talking Books and Braille do institions with users who have reading difficulties. Such schools or institions are registered as users through a contact person. Audiobooks produced by the library are recorded by professional narrators at the library's studios. The library also purchases audiobooks produced by commercial publishers. The books are transferred to DAISY format before being loaned out. DAISY is a digital format which makes it possible to navigate through an audiobook in a similar fashion to a printed book. To be able to use all the features of a DAISY book, users are recommended to use a DAISY player or to use the

neg: Voice therapy chant-talk approach. The chant-talk approach uses pre-existing characteristics found in chanting-styled music, such as rhythm and prosodic patterns. The therapy is used to reduce phonatory effort, which causes vocal fatigue. Chant therapy is used to minimize hyperfunctionality by affecting loudness and voice quality. The technique employs the continuous tone quality found in music chanting. More specifically, it elevates the pitch of the voice during phonation, prolongs the vowels, de-stresses syllables, and lessens word-initial glottal attacks. The goals of the chant-talk approach are to use voice quality and pitch techniques to decrease the effort used while talking. The technique is first

neg: Henry G. Bieler In 1923, the year after he moved to Idaho, he met Agustin Levinson, a professor from Malta, who traveled and gave lectures on human dietary habits. While taking the professor to view the Twin Falls, Bieler had a massive asthma attack. Professor Levinson waited for the attack to pass, then explained what he believed was the cause and how to cure it by diet. Levinson’s cure worked, and he is credited as the person who first aroused Bieler's interest in diet therapy. Bieler began using diet as the main tool for himself and, increasingly, for treating his patients. Levinson and

neg: Trinity who needs light, that so there may be God, the Word, wisdom, man. Tertullian, a Latin theologian who wrote in the early 3rd century, is credited as being the first to use the Latin words "Trinity", "person" and "substance" to explain that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are ""tres personae, una substantia"". While "personae" is often translated as "persons," the Latin word personae is better understood as referring to roles as opposed to individual centers of consciousness. The Ante-Nicene Fathers asserted Christ's deity and spoke of "Father, Son and Holy Spirit", even though their language is not that of

neg: Stealth game been credited with popularizing the stealth genre. "Thief: The Dark Project" is also credited as a pioneer of the genre. It was the first stealth game using the first-person perspective, dubbed a "first-person sneaker", or "sneak-em-up", and the first to use darkness and shadows as the mode of concealment. Another of Thief's most noteworthy contributions to the genre was the use of sound as a central mechanic. The robust simulation of sound meant players had to be mindful of the sounds they made, including what kind of surface they were traversing, lest they draw attention to them. Conversely, it meant

neg: Louis Bachelier Louis Bachelier Louis Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Bachelier (; March 11, 1870 – April 28, 1946) was a French mathematician at the turn of the 20th century. He is credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, as part of his PhD thesis "The Theory of Speculation" ("Théorie de la spéculation", published 1900). Bachelier’s Doctoral thesis, which introduced for the first time a mathematical model of Brownian motion and its use for valuing stock options, is historically the first paper to use advanced mathematics in the study of finance. Thus, Bachelier is considered as the

neg: Online speech therapy by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) as the use of technology to provide speech therapy services to remote regions. Janet Brown, the Director of Healthcare services in SLP at ASHA has stated "research shows that with telepractice a speech-language pathologist can provide speech therapy services, with the same results, as being there in person." Assessment for online speech therapy consists of an informal oral exam by a licensed trained professional through video conferencing or a web application. Patients are initially screened for communication disorders with diagnosis and consultation for provision counseling including cognitive aspects of communication, syntax, hypophonia and upper

neg: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends different treatment paradigms depending on the age of the person being treated. For those aged 4–5, the Academy recommends evidence-based parent- and/or teacher-administered behavior therapy, with the addition of methylphenidate only if there is continuing moderate-to-severe functional disturbances. For those aged 6–11, the use of medication in combination with behavior therapy is recommended, with the evidence for stimulant medications being stronger than that for other classes. For those aged 12–18, medication should be prescribed

neg: George Spelvin Gershwin features a character named George Spelvin. The name can also be used when one actor is playing what appear to be two characters, but is later revealed as being one person with two names or identities. Because of the pseudonym, the audience is not clued-in that the two seemingly separate characters are meant to be the same person. This is especially useful in murder mysteries. "Georgina Spelvin" has fallen out of general use since it was adopted as a screen name by pornographic actress Shelley Graham, who was credited by that name in "The Devil in Miss Jones" (1973)

neg: Tony Banks (businessman) online reminiscence therapy to increase the quality of life of those who live with dementia. The team is developing a website where users can view and upload content which will act as a talking point between the person with dementia and their carers and loved ones. Banks was a founder and board member of Business for Scotland and supports Scottish Independence. In January 2016 Banks appeared in court, charged with domestic assault. He was alleged to have carried out an assault on his partner, Kimberley Anderson. During the trial on 22 March 2016, Anderson recanted her testimony, stating she had

neg: Theme-centered interaction TCI was developed further in Europe and in India. TCI arose from the theoretical background of psychoanalysis, of group therapy and of humanistic psychology; it takes experiences from Gestalt therapy and from group dynamics into account. Ruth Cohn's original purpose was to "enable a healthy person to remain healthy". Here "health" not only refers to individual well-being, but also to political responsibility in the world. In the first years after the development of TCI, its use grew rapidly in the United States. Today, however, TCI is virtually unknown in the United States, but it continues to be well-known and an

neg: Behaviour therapy that trigger their need to use drugs. Shaping and graded task assignments has been used in dealing with suicide and depressed or inhibited individuals. This is used when a patient feel hopeless and they have no way of changing their lives. This hopelessness involves how the person reacts and responds to someone else and certain situations and their perceived powerlessness to change that situation that adds to the hopelessness. For a person with suicidal ideation, it is important to start with small steps. Because that person may perceive everything as being a big step, the smaller you start the easier

neg: Steve Grand When his parents learned of his homosexuality, they encouraged him to seek counseling that would last five years. While some have called his therapy conversion therapy, he has not. In an interview with Michael Musto of Out.com, Grand said: "I want to make it clear that it's been misrepresented that I went through what most people know as conversion therapy. I saw a Christian therapist who, among many other beliefs, believed I'd be happier in a straight life. He didn't shame me for being gay. Most of the focus, we weren't even talking about my sexuality. But certainly his belief

neg: Integrative behavioral couples therapy Integrative behavioral couples therapy Behavioral marital therapy, sometimes called behavioral couples therapy, has its origins in behaviorism and is a form of behavior therapy. The theory is rooted in social learning theory and behavior analysis. As a model, it is constantly being revised as new research presents. Behavioral marital therapy started with simple research conducted on couples in the 1960s. Robert Weiss and Richard Stuart were the original authors of such research. In early 1970s Nathan Azrin published his concept of mutal reinforcement and reciprocity. Azrin stated that (1) human behavior is maintained by reinforcement on the person who performed

neg: Art therapy artists. This test assesses and gives clues to a person's psychological progressions and their current psychological condition (Malchiodi 1998). The mandala originates in Buddhism; its connections with spirituality help us to see links with transpersonal art. In the house-tree-person test, the client is asked to first draw a house, then a tree, then a person, and is asked several questions about each. As of 2014, this test had not been well-validated. Although art therapy is a relatively young therapeutic discipline, its roots lie in the use of the arts in the 'moral treatment' of psychiatric patients in the late 18th

neg: Psychotherapy separate dimension are not necessarily considered as traditional or 'legitimate' forms of psychotherapy. Historically, psychotherapy has sometimes meant "interpretative" (i.e. Freudian) methods, namely psychoanalysis, in contrast with other methods to treat psychiatric disorders such as behavior modification. Psychotherapy is often dubbed as a "talking therapy", particularly for a general audience, though not all forms of psychotherapy rely on verbal communication. Children or adults who do not engage in verbal communication (or not in the usual way) are not excluded from psychotherapy; indeed some types are designed for such cases. Psychotherapy may be delivered in person (one on one, or with

neg: Mr. Jealousy about a character in one of his books, and says that it was based on a true person. We are then led to believe that he is talking about Ramona. Lester still continues with the group therapy, even after the two sessions that he said was his last. After a session, Dashiell asks Lester if he would like to go for a drink. They go to a bar where they drink scotch and Dashiell reveals that he likes their arguments in therapy, since no one else speaks their minds. Lester had arranged to meet Ramona after the session, but has

neg: Sexual harassment the 1970s, although related concepts have existed in many cultures. Although legal activist Catharine MacKinnon is sometimes credited with creating the laws surrounding sexual harassment in the United States with her 1979 book entitled "Sexual Harassment of Working Women", the first known use of the term "sexual harassment" was in a 1973 report about discrimination called ""Saturn's Rings"" by Mary Rowe, Ph.D. though Rowe has stated that sexual harassment was being discussed in women's groups in Massachusetts in the early 1970s, and wasn't likely the first person to use the term. At the time, Rowe was the Chancellor for Women

neg: Phonofilm Brothers as Vitaphone—which used a record disc synchronized with the film for sound. Warner Brothers released the feature film "Don Juan" starring John Barrymore on 6 August 1926 in Vitaphone, with music and sound effects only. On 6 October 1927, Warner Brothers released "The Jazz Singer" with Al Jolson in Vitaphone. The film is often incorrectly credited as the first talking picture. "The Jazz Singer" was the first feature film to use synchronized sound for talking sequences rather than just for music and sound effects, and thus launched the talkie era, but DeForest's sound-on-film system was in fact the basis

neg: Gloria Leonard a spin-off venture of "High Society" called "Celebrity Skin" magazine in 1986. Over its 25-year run Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand unsuccessfully attempted to sue the magazine after it published nude photos of them. Leonard is credited with being one of the first people to use "976 numbers" for promotional purposes and as a revenue stream: this later became known as the "phone sex" industry. Initially Leonard recorded her own voice informing callers of the contents of the next issue of "High Society" magazine before its publication. Later she recorded others such as Annie Sprinkle "talking sexy". Leonard convinced

neg: E.H. Gerrish Canoe Company E.H. Gerrish Canoe Company E.H. Gerrish (1847-1930) is credited with being the first person to sell wood-canvas canoes commercially. From 1882-1909, Gerrish built and sold canoes from a shop in Bangor, Maine. Early Gerrish canoes contain elements of the birchbark canoes upon which they were based. If studied from earliest-to-latest, the canoes of E.H. Gerrish appear to show the morphing of the wood-canvas from its roots in the birch bark to the modern open gunwale canoe. Evan Hughes “Eve” Gerrish is credited with being the first person to sell wood-canvas canoes commercially. Born in Brownville, Maine, in 1847, Eve Gerrish

neg: Arachnophobia (with live spiders) or by getting the individual to imagine situations involving spiders, then modelling interaction with spiders for the person affected and eventually interacting with real spiders. This technique can be effective in just one session. Recent advances in technology have enabled the use of virtual or augmented reality spiders for use in therapy. These techniques have proven to be effective. Arachnophobia affects 3.5 to 6.1 percent of the global population. Arachnophobia Arachnophobia is the unreasonable fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions. Treatment is typically by exposure therapy, where the person is presented with pictures of

neg: Circle time also use a `talking object` to facilitate discussion. The talking object can be anything (a stuffed toy, a cushion or a decorated piece of wood or plastic). This talking object is then passed around the circle and only the person who has the talking object is allowed to speak. The teacher sits on the same type of chair or cushion as everyone else. This helps to signal that what is happening is a special kind of classroom activity in which the teacher is a facilitator rather than a director. The teacher has a special responsibility to make sure that structured

neg: Poles and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. Another notable Polish expatriate scientist was Ignacy Domeyko (1802–89), a geologist and mineralogist who lived and worked in South America, in Chile. Kazimierz Funk (1884–1967), whose name is commonly anglicized as "Casimir Funk", was a Polish biochemist, generally credited with being among the first to formulate (in 1912) the concept of vitamins,

neg: Sex and the City couples therapy, Samantha breaks up with James. She then sleeps with a litigator, a salsa dancer, her personal trainer, a sports fan who can only rally when his team does well, and Charlotte's brother. She then meets a man whose penis is too big even for her. The end of Season two also marks the end of characters' talking directly to the camera. Carrie starts off dating a politician, followed by a bisexual person. Big marries Natasha, and Carrie meets Aidan, a furniture maker. They have a virtually flaw-free relationship until Carrie and Big begin an affair. When Natasha catches

neg: Context-dependent memory a type of clinical therapy called exposure therapy to treat disorders such as phobias and anxiety and is also used to treat drug dependence. For example, a person who learns to associate snakes with a traumatic event such as being bitten may develop a phobia. As a treatment, a therapist may choose to expose the person to snakes in the absence of any traumatic event, leading to extinction of maladaptive behaviours related to fear. However, due to the fact that extinction is a context-dependent process, it may lead to relapse once the patient is no longer in the extinction context.

neg: T–V distinction For example, " means ""You" two leave, please!"). Here, although and both means "you", can not be used. When addressing a single person, if the people talking are acquainted then singular is used, otherwise plural should be used. Sometimes people start a new acquaintance straightforwardly with singular , but generally this is considered offensive, rude, or simply impolite. Children are taught to always use between themselves, but for addressing more than one child or an unknown adult. The grammatically correct spelling of the singular word is always with a capital letter, whether being the first word in a sentence or

neg: Biologics for immunosuppression Before using biologics to treat psoriasis, easier treatments of moisturizer or light therapy can provide relief. Other drugs which can provide relief include acitretin, cyclosporine, and methotrexate, but since these drugs have their own major side effects, doctors and patients should discuss whether to try one of these or a biologic first. Most biologics are injections so are not appropriate for use by someone with intense fear of needles. A person with any infection should not use biologics. Other contraindications for biologics include cancer, certain neurologic disorders, being pregnant or breastfeeding, history of heart failure, or history of tuberculosis. Biologics

neg: Speech disfluency is uttered when the person is being especially conscious about whom they are talking with, and as a result are thinking deeply about what to say. Moreover the use of 'hmm' is often interactional and cognitive. The interactional function is to do with politeness. Professor Michael Handford, a professor of applied linguistics and English language at Cardiff University gave the example of if one invited somebody to a party, and they said no without a filled pause, they will appear rude probably. However, if the person replied, ‘hmm, sorry, no’ it makes it much more polite.They play a really important

neg: Social interaction and first-person shooters form of discourse that happens when a subject tries to anger or make fun of another player in attempt to show dominance. Trash-talking is observed in any game title that exists online. Trash talking goes both ways, when a player cannot back up their taunts players on the same team will verbally attacks teammates who do not hold their end on the battlefield. Players who talk but cannot act are disapproved of in games and seen as socially unacceptable by players. Social interaction and first-person shooters The term first-person shooter (FPS) describes a video game genre where players participate in

neg: Maggot therapy species of fly consumed only dead tissue and helped wounds to heal. Joseph Jones, a ranking Confederate medical officer during the American Civil War, is quoted as follows, "I have frequently seen neglected wounds ... filled with maggots ... as far as my experience extends, these worms eat only dead tissues, and do not injure specifically the well parts." The first documented therapeutic use of maggots in the United States is credited to a second Confederate medical officer Dr. J.F. Zacharias, who reported during the American Civil War that, "Maggots ... in a single day would clean a wound much

neg: Sex therapy into the early 20th century. Sexologists such as Henry Havelock Ellis and Alfred Kinsey began conducting research in the area of human sexuality during the first half of the 20th century. This work was groundbreaking and controversial in the scientific arena. In the 1950s, sex therapy was concerned with “controlling sexual expression” and repressing what was then-considered deviant behaviors, such as homosexuality or having sex too often. Masters and Johnson are credited with revolutionizing sex therapy in the mid-century and included couple therapy and behavioral interventions that focused on being present in the moment such as sensate focus exercises. Dr.

neg: Tourniquet weakness induced by loss of blood in carrying him so far. As the Admiral on these occasions allowed me the honour of being at his side, I carried in my pocket several tourniquets of a simple construction, in case that accidents to any person on the quarter deck should have required their use.”" Joseph Lister is credited for being the first to use a tourniquet device to create a bloodless surgical field in 1864. He also recommended exsanguinations prior to tourniquet application by limb elevation. In 1873, Friedrich von Esmarch developed a rubber bandage that would both control bleeding and

neg: Stuttering therapy Fluency shaping therapy focuses on changing all the speech of the person who stutters, and not just the portions of speech in which he or she stutters. This type of therapy involves teaching the stutterer to use a speaking style that requires careful and prominent self-monitoring; examples of such therapy include one in which the stutterer slows his speech down and smoothes out all his words, This type of approach can reduce stuttering, although in children its effectiveness decreases if stuttering persists after eight years of age; Certain devices, known as fluency-shaping mechanisms, use this approach in an attempt to

neg: Hot to Trot the talking horse; who lost to Ronald McDonald for his cameo in "Mac and Me"). Marketing for the film featured newspaper advertisements with a promotional 1-800 number, that when called contained a several minute recorded message from John Candy (as Don the Talking Horse) telling jokes, and talking a bit about the movie. "Hi! I'm Don the Talking Horse! First, how's about a couple of jokes?" Hot to Trot Hot to Trot is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Michael Dinner, written by Hugo Gilbert, Stephen Neigher, Charlie Peters and Andy Breckman and stars Bobcat Goldthwait (credited as Bob

neg: Onondaga language third (he, she, it or they). The first person can be either exclusive (EXCL), which excludes the listener, or inclusive (INCL), which includes the listener. Here, when John says we, it does not include the person he’s talking to. In other words, Mary doesn’t get to go to the movies. This use of we is called the first person exclusive. English does not make a distinction between inclusive and exclusive we but Onondaga does. Consider the following two words. The pronominal prefix /dn-/ indicates a first person dual inclusive subject, and the pronominal prefix /agn-/ indicates a first person dual

neg: Paruresis the need for futile attempts to differentiate inmates with true paruresis from those who fabricate complaints." In terms of treating the mental aspect of paruresis, such treatment can be achieved by graduated exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. In graduated exposure therapy, the subject has a trusted person stand outside the restroom at first, and once the fear is overcome the observer is brought closer in, until step by step the phobia is vanquished. The International Paruresis Association provides a detailed discussion of this method on its website. In addition to gradual exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy is used to

neg: Virginia Axline Virginia Axline Virginia Mae Axline (1911–1988) was a psychologist and one of the pioneers in the use of play therapy. She wrote the book "Dibs in Search of Self". She was also the author of "Play Therapy". Play therapy practice is still largely based on Axline's work. In the 1940s, she began to develop nondirective play therapy, the principles of which were based on Carl Rogers' newly emerging person-centred approach. In her first published work she establishes the eight basic principles of nondirective play therapy. In 1964, she published "Dibs in Search of Self", which follows the path of one

neg: Keith Donnellan between the "referential use" and the "attributive use" of a definite description. The attributive use most nearly reflects Russell's understanding of descriptions. When a person uses a description such as "Smith's murderer" attributively, they mean to pick out the individual that fits that description, whoever or whatever it is. The referential use, on the other hand, functions to pick out who or what a speaker is talking about, so that something can be said about that person or thing. Keith Donnellan Keith Sedgwick Donnellan (; 25 June 1931 – 20 February 2015) was an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of

neg: Psychological first aid several theories as to why debriefing increased incidents of PTSD. First, those who were likely to develop PTSD were not helped by a single session. Second, being re-exposed too soon to the trauma could lead to retraumatization. Exposure therapy in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) allows the person to adjust to the stimuli before slowly increasing severity. Debriefing did not allow for this. Also, normal distress was seen to be pathological after a debriefing and those who had been through a trauma thought they had a mental disorder because they were upset. Debriefing assumes that everyone reacts the same way to

neg: Penny Siopis various archival sources to construct the narrative, and use different modes of address, but she prefers the first person. In "Obscure White Messenger" she uses a question and answer format, which she drew from the psychiatrist’s report of the interview he had with Dimitrio Tsafendas, immediately after the murder. In the beginning of the film it is not easy to work out who is talking: who’s the ‘you’ and who’s the ‘I’? Penny Siopis Penelope Siopis is a South African artist who lives in Cape Town. She was born in 1953 in Vryburg in the Northern Cape, a little town

neg: Arthur M. Sackler early 1940s, he joined the medical advertising agency, William Douglas McAdams Inc. From 1949 - 1954, he served as a research director at Creedmoor Institute for Psychobiological Studies. Sackler collaborated on 140 papers based on neuroendocrinology, psychiatry, and experimental medicine. He is also regarded as the first doctor to use ultrasound for diagnosis and identifying histamine as a hormone, and advocating for its use as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy. He is also widely credited with helping to racially integrate New York City's first blood banks. He was editor of the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychobiology from 1950-1962. In

neg: Cognitive analytic therapy diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. A different trial suggested that CAT for adult patients with personality disorders also showed improvements in symptoms and interpersonal functioning, as against controls who deteriorated on these measures. CAT has also been shown to improve patients' management of diabetes. An RCT of the use of a CAT-informed assessment for young people who had self-harmed suggested that it was effective in increasing rates of attendance at community follow-up. Comparative studies have suggested CAT to be at least as effective as other forms of brief psychotherapy, person-centred therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy. Case series

neg: J. B. Fuselier Moi" and "Chère Tout-Toute". Written for his daughter, he is the first to record "Chère Tout-Toute" which would be re-recorded by many local artists. He never learned to use four fingers when playing the violin. He is quoted as saying, "All that money I made, I made it with three fingers." He is also credited with being the first person to incorporate the steel guitar into Cajun music by hiring Atlas Frugé to play in his band. Fuselier had one daughter, Myrtle "Tout-Toute" Berglund. J. B. Fuselier Jean Batiste "J.B." Fuselier (April 17, 1901 – August 13, 1975) was a

neg: Noise gate segment, each time the voice signal began, it triggered the noise gate to open up another channel, which carried a pre-recorded loop of a crackling sound (created by overdubbing the sound of Bubble Wrap being popped in front of a microphone). The combined voices and crackling created an eerie and quite convincing 'talking fire' effect. The invention of a technique, called multi-latch gating by Jay Hodgson, common in classical music recordings for years, is often credited to producer Tony Visconti, whose use on David Bowie's "Heroes" may have been the first in rock. Visconti recorded Bowie's vocals in a large

neg: Talking to Dragons Talking to Dragons Talking to Dragons is a young adult fantasy novel, the fourth and final book in the "Enchanted Forest Chronicles" by Patricia Wrede, although it was published first, in 1985. It is told in first person from the point of view of sixteen-year-old Daystar, son of Cimorene, a woman who lives at the edge of the Enchanted Forest. Cimorene raises Daystar and tells him legends about the Enchanted Forest, swordsmanship, spells, and magical protocols. One day, Antorell, a member of the Society of Wizards who has a grudge against Cimorene, tries to assault them. Cimorene melts Antorell with

neg: The Primal Scream clinical studies contradicted Janov's view that girls become lesbians through being seduced by older women and that Janov did not have a clear idea of what constituted "real" behavior. The psychoanalyst Joel Kovel argued in "A Complete Guide to Therapy" (1976) that "The Primal Scream" shows that Janov is one of several figures in the history of psychotherapy who have come to be seen as savior figures. He credited Janov with tapping a "bedrock of great emotional power." "The Primal Scream" was reviewed in "BMJ" in 2012. The Primal Scream The Primal Scream. Primal Therapy: The Cure for Neurosis (1970;

neg: Lithium (medication) therapy for treating schizophrenic disorders have varied. If therapy with antidepressant does not fully treat the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) then a second "augmentation agent" is sometimes added to the therapy. Despite not being approved by the FDA for use as an augmentation agent with any antidepressant for the treatment of MDD, lithium has nevertheless been prescribed for this purpose since the 1980's and is one of the few augmentation agents for antidepressants to demonstrate efficacy in treating MDD in multiple randomized controlled trials. Those who use lithium should receive regular serum level tests and should monitor thyroid

neg: Christopher Allen Bouchillon Christopher Allen Bouchillon Christopher Allen Bouchillon (August 21, 1893 – September 18, 1968) was an American country music and blues musician from South Carolina, who is often credited with being the originator of the talking blues musical style. Bouchillon was born on August 21, 1893 to John and Hester Patterson Bouchillon in Oconee County, South Carolina and died on September 18, 1968 in West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida. Bouchillon married twice. His first marriage was to Susan Moore, with whom he had two sons, Chris Jr (c June 1920 - December 1920) and Robert Anderson Bouchillon (August 27,

neg: Existential therapy elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, and positive psychotherapy, with meaning as its central organizing construct. MT not only appeals to people's natural desires for happiness and significance but also makes skillful use of their innate capacity for meaning-seeking and meaning-making. MT strikes a balance between a person-centered approach and a psycho-educational approach. At the outset of therapy, clients are informed of the use of meaning-centered interventions appropriate for their predicaments because of the empirical evidence for the vital role of meaning in healing and thriving. MT is a comprehensive and pluralistic way to address all aspects of clients' existential

neg: Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, "an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment", via acceptance ("unconditional positive regard"), therapist "congruence" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the major psychotherapy "schools" (theoretical orientations), along with psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, classical Adlerian psychology, cognitive

neg: Joke Man with Stern, recording "Sgt. Pecker", "F Jackie", and "The Very Best of Jackie Martling's Talking Joke Book Cassettes, Vol. 1". "Joke Man" is the second CD from Martling's Stern era. "The Joke Man" was recorded in spring and summer of 1993, and released in 1996. Thomas P. Hegarty and Jim Cooper are credited for "Joke Man"'s photography. Joanie Lapallo provided illustrations. "Joke Man" made its appearance some ten years into Martling's stint as head writer for The Howard Stern Show and offered radio listeners who had not seen the "Joke Man" deliver jokes in person certain access to a seasoned

neg: Sigmund Freud called "gestalts", are "patterns involving all the layers of organismic function – thought, feeling, and activity." Neurosis is seen as splitting in the formation of gestalts, and anxiety as the organism sensing "the struggle towards its creative unification." Gestalt therapy attempts to cure patients through placing them in contact with "immediate organismic needs." Perls rejected the verbal approach of classical psychoanalysis; talking in gestalt therapy serves the purpose of self-expression rather than gaining self-knowledge. Gestalt therapy usually takes place in groups, and in concentrated "workshops" rather than being spread out over a long period of time; it has been extended

neg: Joan Miller Joan Miller Joan W. Miller is a Canadian-American ophthalmologist and scientist who has made notable contributions to the treatment and understanding of eye disorders (particularly diseases of the retina). She is credited for developing photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin (Visudyne), the first pharmacologic therapy for retinal disease. She also co-discovered the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in eye disease and demonstrated the therapeutic potential of VEGF inhibitors, forming the scientific basis of anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and related conditions. Joan Miller (née Whitten) was born in Toronto, Canada, and attended Bishop Strachan School.

neg: Deaf culture (those who identify with Deaf culture and use a sign language as a primary means of communication). Not everyone makes this distinction, however; some point out that there are many ways to be "deaf" and a simple two-way distinction is too confining. In Deaf culture, person-first language (i.e., "Person who is deaf", "person who is hard of hearing") has long been rejected since being culturally Deaf is seen as a source of positive identity and pride. Instead, Deaf culture uses Deaf-first language: "Deaf person" or "hard-of-hearing person". Capital D -Deaf is as stated prior, is referred to as a student

neg: P. T. Selbit P. T. Selbit P. T. Selbit (1881–1938) was an English magician, inventor and writer who is credited with being the first person to perform the illusion of sawing a woman in half. Among magicians he was known for his inventiveness and entrepreneurial instinct and he is credited with creating a long list of successful stage illusions. His birth name was Percy Thomas Tibbles and he was born in Hampstead, London. He developed an interest in magic in his youth, when he was apprenticed to a silversmith. The basement of the silversmith's shop was leased to magician and inventor Charles Morritt

neg: James Edgar (entrepreneur) up and started talking to me. It was a dream come true. Years after his death, a city park was named after him. In 2008, a plaque was placed at the corner of Main and Centre streets noting Edgar's achievements. John Merian, the president of the Downtown Brockton Association, believes that Brockton should be revived and styled as a Christmas town, similar to North Pole, Alaska, and other Christmas themed locations. James Edgar (entrepreneur) James Edgar (1843 – 1909) was a businessman who has been credited with being the one who first came up with the idea of dressing up

neg: Jargon aphasia method that has shown to lead to improvements with certain symptoms is “phonological component analysis”, or PCA for short. Participants in PCA therapy tend to improve in the ability to name specific items that they are test on, as well as the decrease in use of nonwords to describe said items. Seeing promising results from this type of therapy has led to much optimism in hopes of developing more treatment methods for jargon aphasia. Hughlings Jackson is believed to have been the person who initially contributed the term “jargon” to aphasiology. He used this term not to distinguish a separate

neg: Phone sex of some debate whether phone sex is to be considered infidelity when involving a person outside of a committed personal relationship. Nevertheless, phone sex should not be confused with prostitution wherein money is exchanged for real life sexual services or physical interaction. The editor of "High Society" magazine, Gloria Leonard, is credited with being one of the first people to use "976 numbers", then "900 numbers" for promotional purposes and soon as a revenue stream in the adult industry. Leonard recorded her own voice informing callers of the contents of the next issue of "High Society" magazine before its publication.

neg: Stroke and strengthening abilities like writing, walking, running, and talking. Daily rehabilitation exercises should continue to be part of the stroke patient's routine. Complete recovery is unusual but not impossible and most patients will improve to some extent: proper diet and exercise are known to help the brain to recover. Some current and future therapy methods include the use of virtual reality and video games for rehabilitation. These forms of rehabilitation offer potential for motivating patients to perform specific therapy tasks that many other forms do not. Many clinics and hospitals are adopting the use of these off-the-shelf devices for exercise,

neg: P. T. Selbit Morritt's defence and he was eventually acquitted. P. T. Selbit P. T. Selbit (1881–1938) was an English magician, inventor and writer who is credited with being the first person to perform the illusion of sawing a woman in half. Among magicians he was known for his inventiveness and entrepreneurial instinct and he is credited with creating a long list of successful stage illusions. His birth name was Percy Thomas Tibbles and he was born in Hampstead, London. He developed an interest in magic in his youth, when he was apprenticed to a silversmith. The basement of the silversmith's shop was

neg: Rejection Therapy and fear response which over time minimizes until the person realizes it is not something to be afraid of. Flooding is known to be fairly effective. Rejection Therapy Rejection Therapy is a social self-help game created by Jason Comely where being rejected by another person or group is the sole winning condition. The player can attempt any kind of social rejection, or try a suggestion from one of the Rejection Therapy suggestion cards available. The game can be played for any length of time, although many undertake the 30 Day Challenge. The purpose of playing the game is to overcome

neg: Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease similar efficacy to natalizumab while avoiding the specific cellular target that is believed to have caused the instances of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Another area of research is focusing on the personalization of biological therapy. The idea is to use a specific patient's biochemical or genetic profile to predict how a patient will respond to a biological therapy. The information could help inform which class of biologics to use first. Personalized medicine is already being used in practice in the oncology field. A lot of research is being done to develop a biologic that can be delivered orally to address the

neg: Otto Buchinger as a therapy. In 1920 he founded his small fasting clinic in Witzenhausen in Germany. The therapy achieved a huge success, so later in 1935 he founded his first real sanatorium in Bad Pyrmont. He developed the fasting method and described it in his book, ""The Therapeutic Fasting Cure"", published in the same year. In 1953 he founded a new clinic at Überlingen, together with his daughter Maria and son-in-law Helmut Wilhelmi. Otto Buchinger Otto Buchinger, (Darmstadt, Germany, 1878. Feb 16. - Überlingen, Germany, 1966. Apr. 16.) was a German physician, credited with being the first to systematically document the

neg: Trade-off talking rational economic person choice presented in his book as both normative and descriptive but, in the final chapter of his book, where he briefly outlines the paradoxes of Allais (1953) and Ellsberg (1961), ultimately acknowledges that Totrep modelling should be presumed to be merely normative, since the "evidence [shows] individuals are very poor intuitive statisticians" and "use heuristic procedures which sometimes bias their choices in ways that the standard models don't capture." Trade-off talking rational economic person Trade-off talking rational economic person (TOTREP) is one term, among others, used to denote, in the field of choice analysis, the rational, human agent of economic

neg: Peter Breggin Peter Breggin Peter Roger Breggin (born May 11, 1936) is an American psychiatrist and critic of shock treatment and psychiatric medication. In his books, he advocates replacing psychiatry's use of drugs and electroconvulsive therapy with psychotherapy, education, empathy, love, and broader human services. Breggin is the author of many books critical of modern psychiatry, including "Toxic Psychiatry", "Talking Back to Prozac" and "Talking Back to Ritalin." His most recent book, "Brain-Disabling Treatments in Psychiatry", discusses his theory of medication spellbinding (in which patients are said to do worse after treatment but fail to see this or recognize why), the adverse

neg: Trade-off talking rational economic person Trade-off talking rational economic person Trade-off talking rational economic person (TOTREP) is one term, among others, used to denote, in the field of choice analysis, the rational, human agent of economic decisions. The term was first used notably in David M. Kreps' "Notes on the Theory of Choice" (1988). Kreps, in his preface, acknowledges Mike Harrison for first using the acronym Totrep. In his work on the theory of choice, Michael Allingham characterizes the notion "denoted by TOTREP" as something "both to admire and worry about". Studies of the concept of the Trade-off Talking Rational Economic Person are now routinely

neg: Expressive aphasia is based on similar principles as constraint-induced movement therapy developed by Dr. Edward Taub at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Constraint-induced movement therapy is based on the idea that a person with an impairment (physical or communicative) develops a "learned nonuse" by compensating for the lost function with other means such as using an unaffected limb by a paralyzed individual or drawing by a patient with aphasia. In constraint-induced movement therapy, the alternative limb is constrained with a glove or sling and the patient is forced to use the affected limb. In constraint-induced aphasia therapy the interaction is guided

neg: Person-centered therapy facilitative, empathic environment wherein the patient could discover the answers for him or herself. Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, "an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment", via acceptance ("unconditional positive regard"), therapist "congruence" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the

neg: Paryushana of false belief. The fact is that material objects do not have a quality of happiness and therefore happiness cannot be obtained from them. The perception of ‘enjoying’ material objects is only a perception. This perception rewards the soul with only misery and nothing else. Real happiness comes from within, as it is the soul that possesses the quality of happiness. a) If talking is not required, then do not talk. If it is required then only use the minimum of words, and all must all be absolutely true. Talking disturbs the stillness of the mind. Consider the person who

neg: Theory of descriptions Now consider another speaker: suppose Jones, though innocent, has been arrested for the murder of Smith, and is now on trial. When a reporter sees Jones talking to himself outside the courtroom, and describes what she sees by saying, "Smith's murderer is insane", we may understand this as the referring use of the definite description, for we may equivalently reword the reporter's assertion thus: "That person who I see talking to himself, and who I believe murdered Smith, is insane." In this case, we should not accept Russell's analysis as correctly representing the reporter's assertion. On Russell's analysis, the sentence

neg: Karl Gottlob Kühn of Cappadocia, Hippocrates and Galen, of whom he issued the acclaimed "Claudii Galeni opera omnia", being published from 1821 to 1833 in twenty volumes. He was also the author of books associated with more recent physicians — he translated works by William Hunter (1784 f.), Thomas Beddoes (1803, 1810) and Charles Bell (1822), and edited works by Thomas Sydenham (1826) and Giorgio Baglivi (1827-28). He is also credited with publishing an edition of Stephan Blancard's "Lexicon medicum" (1832 f.). As a physician, his interests included the use of electricity as it pertained to therapy, smallpox vaccine, obstetrics and food poisoning.

neg: William Montgomerie to air, but has the useful property of being thermoplastic. It can be moulded to a new shape after boiling in water and will reharden when cool. It is credited with being the first plastic available to manufacturing industry. Montgomerie is sometimes credited with discovering the substance. He is certainly responsible for it coming into widespread use, but it had in fact been known for some time by a few natives who used it to make handles for parangs (Malayan machetes). However, it was not widely known, even amongst native Malays. Montgomerie says that most people he showed it to

neg: Adventure therapy (ABC), a Project Adventure term that reflects the therapeutic use of adventure activities. Adventure therapy theory draws from a mixture of learning and psychological theories. The learning theories include contributions from Albert Bandura, John Dewey, Kurt Hahn, and Kurt Lewin. These theorists also have been credited with contributing to the main theories comprising experiential education. Experiential education is a theoretical component of adventure therapy. The ideas and thinking of Alfred Adler, Albert Ellis, Milton Erickson, William Glasser, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Jean Piaget, Carl Rogers, B.F. Skinner, Fritz Perls, and Viktor Frankl all appear to have contributed to the thinking