query: where did most of the english language come from

pos: History of English History of English English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon settlers from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands, displacing the Celtic languages that previously predominated. The Old English of the Anglo-Saxon era developed into Middle English, which was spoken from the Norman Conquest era to the late 15th century. A significant influence on the shaping of Middle English came from contact with the North Germanic languages spoken by the Scandinavians who conquered and colonized parts of Britain during the

neg: Tikopia language a subject plural, so it is acted upon by subjects. Throughout the history of the Tikopian language they made contact with the outside world. During these times, there is a high chance that many words from other languages were borrowed and used in the language known as “loanwords”. Some of these words are known as native to Tikopia, but the main sources of the borrowing words are from Anuta, Mota, Hawaiian, and most definitely English. Words derived from English: Most of the recorded documents on this language come from the linguist Raymond Firth. Tikopia did not have much documented until

neg: Blue–green distinction in language from Latin '. The terms for "blue", on the other hand, vary: Catalan ', Occitan ', French ' and Italian ' come from a Germanic root, whereas the Spanish and Portuguese "azul" is likely to come from Arabic. French "bleu" was in turn loaned into many other languages, including English. Latin itself did not have a word covering all shades of blue, which may help explain these borrowings. It did, however, recognise ' (dark blue, sometimes greenish), and ' (greyish blue, like lead). French, as most Romance languages, makes roughly the same distinctions as English and has a specific term

neg: Dalian Software Park Most of the IT workers come from the engineering schools of the universities in Dalian and other cities in Northeast China. In Dalian, there are Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian Maritime University, and Neusoft Institute of Information which is within the Park. In other cities, there are Northeast University in Shenyang, Jilin University in Changchun, and Harbin Industrial University in Harbin. Workers with English ability come from the various universities where English is predominantly their first foreign language, but they lack the experience of the Indian university graduates with working knowledge of English. There are also the

neg: Hong Kong English For most ordinary local Hong Kongers however, the English spoken is generally typical of foreign language learners: Cantonese-influenced pronunciation with some acquired Received Pronunciation characteristics, and with vocabularies and sentence structure generally more formal than those of native speakers. For instance, contractions and slang are not used, and many idioms are alien to Hong Kongers because the terms pertain more to the cultures of English-speaking countries. The falling English proficiency of local English language teachers has come under criticism. Since the Handover, English in Hong Kong remains primarily a second language, in contrast to Singapore where English has been shifting

neg: Manx language Some religious terms come ultimately from Latin, Greek and Hebrew, e.g. "casherick" (holy), from the Latin "consecrātus"; "mooinjer" (people) from the Latin "monasterium" (originally a monastery; "agglish" (church) from the Greek "ἐκκλησία" ("ekklesia", literally meaning assembly) and "abb" (abbot) from the Hebrew "אבא" ("abba", meaning "father"). These did not necessarily come directly into Manx, but via Old Irish. In more recent times, "ulpan" has been borrowed from modern Hebrew. Many Irish and English loanwords also have a classical origin, e.g. "çhellveeish" (Irish "teilefís") and "çhellvane" meaning television and telephone respectively. Foreign language words (usually known via English) are used occasionally

neg: Irish traditional music of its age is the language used. Modern Irish songs are written in English and Irish. Most of the oldest songs and tunes are rural in origin and come from the older Irish language tradition. Modern songs and tunes often come from cities and towns, Irish songs went from the Irish language to the English language. Unaccompanied vocals are called "sean nós" ("in the old style") and are considered the ultimate expression of traditional singing. This is usually performed solo (very occasionally as a duet). "Sean-nós" singing is highly ornamented and the voice is placed towards the top of the

neg: World Schools Debating Championships awards are open to teams from nations where English is not an official national language. To be eligible for the EFL award, a team must be predominantly made-up of students who do not come from English-speaking homes and who do not attend schools where English is used as a medium of instruction. The ESL award is for teams predominantly composed of students who are not first-language English-speakers, but who attend schools where some or all of the teaching is in English. The EFL award was instituted in 2005. Prior to that, there was just one award for teams from non-English-speaking

neg: Irish poetry Irish language. He attended Trinity College Dublin at the same time as the revolutionary Robert Emmet, who was executed in 1803. Moore's most enduring work, "Irish Melodies", was popular with English audiences. The poems are, perhaps, somewhat overloaded with harps, bards and minstrels of Erin to suit modern tastes, but they did open up the possibility of a distinctive Irish English-language poetic tradition and served as an exemplar for Irish poets to come. In 1842, Charles Gavan Duffy (1816–1903), Thomas Davis, (1814–1845), and John Blake Dillon (1816–1866) founded "The Nation" to agitate for reform of British rule. The group of

neg: Master of Music performance experience, which may include, for orchestral instrumentalists, orchestra experience. In some universities, candidates must also be admitted to the university's graduate school; as such, applicants may have to achieve a certain mark on standardized tests, such as the GRE. Similarly, students from countries where the official language is not that of the university may be required to achieve a certain mark on standardized language tests. For example, students applying to a US M.M. program who come from a country where English is not an official language, may be required to pass the Test of English as a Foreign Language

neg: English-language spelling reform ending "-ed" where it is pronounced as such (for example "dropt" for "dropped"). Some of the English language's most celebrated writers and poets have used these spellings and others proposed by today's spelling reformers. Edmund Spenser, for example, used spellings such as "rize, wize" and "advize" in his famous poem "The Faerie Queene", published in the 1590s. Many English words are based on French modifications (e.g., "colour" and "analogue") even though they come from Latin or Greek. The English alphabet has several letters whose characteristic sounds are already represented elsewhere in the alphabet. These include X, which can be realised

neg: Tule luo from the singer for someone (presumably a lover) to "come to me". She sings about the reasons this person should come to her, including that he or she will "bring a light to the dark night". The lyrics are notable for not containing any "Ö" or "Ä" sounds, as otherwise very common in the Finnish language. Katri Helena did not record "Tule luo" in any other language than Finnish. It was succeeded as Finnish representative at the 1994 Contest by CatCat with "Bye Bye Baby". Tule luo "Tule luo" (English translation: "Come To Me") was the Finnish entry in the

neg: English language international communication. Most people learn English for practical rather than ideological reasons. Many speakers of English in Africa have become part of an "Afro-Saxon" language community that unites Africans from different countries. As decolonisation proceeded throughout the British Empire in the 1950s and 1960s, former colonies often did not reject English but rather continued to use it as independent countries setting their own language policies. For example, the view of the English language among many Indians has gone from associating it with colonialism to associating it with economic progress, and English continues to be an official language of India. English

neg: English-medium education language's history. We have come a long way since the dark days of 1616 when an Act of Parliament ruled that Gaelic should be 'abolishit and removit' from Scotland." In the Prayer Book rebellion of 1549, where the English state sought to suppress Cornish language speaking with the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer, which was made available only in English. In replacing Latin with English, and under the guise of suppressing Catholicism, English was effectively imposed as the language of the Church, with the intent of it becoming the language of the people. At the time people in

neg: QS World University Rankings Citations and publications in a language different from English are harder to come across. The English language is the most internationalized language and therefore is also the most popular when citing. Employer review This part of the ranking is obtained by a similar method to the Academic Peer Review, except that it samples recruiters who hire graduates on a global or significant national scale. The numbers are smaller – 40,455 responses from over 130 countries in the 2016 Rankings – and are used to produce 10 per cent of any university's possible score. This survey was introduced in 2005 in

neg: Old Swinford Hospital Language lessons are also compulsory and are offered as options to sixth form students as Spanish, French and German. Old Swinford Hospital benefits from foreign language assistants, who come as native speakers of the language to teach and help at the school. In return they get to live in one of the boarding houses, and also get the opportunity to better their own English language skills. In the past foreign language assistants have come from as far away as Argentina. GCSEs are taken in Year 11. Lower Sixth take AS Levels, and Upper Sixth take A-Levels. Most Lower Sixth take

neg: Scottish Gaelic development body, "". Aside from "Scottish Gaelic", the language may also be referred to simply as "Gaelic", pronounced or in English. "Gaelic" may also refer to the Irish language. Scottish Gaelic is distinct from Scots, the Middle English-derived language varieties which had come to be spoken in most of the Lowlands of Scotland by the early modern era. Prior to the 15th century, these dialects were known as "Inglis" ("English") by its own speakers, with Gaelic being called "Scottis" ("Scottish"). From the late 15th century, however, it became increasingly common for such speakers to refer to Scottish Gaelic as "Erse"

neg: English-speaking Quebecers degree in almost all areas of Quebec at one time or another. What remains today in many regions is only symbolic as anglophones have moved away or assimilated into the French-speaking community. English-speaking communities in the Gaspé Peninsula and the Lower North Shore remain, as well as a small community in the Magdalen Islands. English-language media tend to come from outside the province. Most local English-language media are based in the Montreal area. The province's English-language television stations are CBMT (CBC), CFCF (CTV), CKMI (Global) and CJNT (Citytv). These stations are available on cable throughout the province and can also

neg: Taiwan News published online at in both English and Mandarin versions. The reputation and prestige of the print edition of Taiwan News was instrumental in helping the Taiwan News Online achieve the distinction of being the most widely visited English-language portal for news about Taiwan, with an average of more than a million visits monthly. More than 80 percent of those visits come from overseas, with users from a total of 176 nations around the world. Taiwan News Online is also one of the most frequently searched-for sites for English-language news on Taiwan. Taiwan News works closely with Internet Securities (Hong Kong)

neg: Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen The school has an intake of 70-90 pupils per year. Around a quarter of pupils will go on to study A-Levels. According to the latest Estyn report, 84% of pupils come from homes where Welsh is spoken by at least one parent. The 2006 Estyn School Report noted: All pupils belong to the white ethnic group. Seventy eight per cent [78%] of pupils come from homes in which Welsh is the main language and 22% from homes in which English is the main language. All pupils come from an economically disadvantaged area. According to the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation

neg: Times Higher Education World University Rankings is problematic in many ways, placing universities who do not use English as their primary language at a disadvantage. Because English has been adopted as the international language for most academic societies and journals, citations and publications in a language different from English are harder to come across. Thus, such a methodology is criticized for being inappropriate and not comprehensive enough. A second important disadvantage for universities of non-English tradition is that within the disciplines of social sciences and humanities the main tool for publications are books which are not or only rarely covered by digital citations records. Times Higher

neg: Metamorfoz in Europe, Asia, Japan, North America, South America, Australia. Tarkan's last Turkish language album was "Dudu", in 2003. His first English language work, "Come Closer" did not bring satisfactory results when compared to the sales of his previous albums. It did not even reach gold sales, according to the list published by MÜ-YAP (Turkish Phonographic Institute). After the failure of "Come Closer" Tarkan decided to release a new, Turkish album and in the beginning of 2007 he declared that he was working on new songs. However, release dates were continuously being postponed. The Turkish daily "Hürriyet" reported that the album

neg: DTU Campus Village from their own. "Container life," where students come from all regions and perspectives or the world, allows students to experience different cultures and attitudes. The Village culture that develops among the students is unique, and it enhances cultural learning and promotes collaborative community-living. A mix of languages is present at Campus Village. While some students with common nationalities talk to each other in their native languages, many students make an effort to learn another language. Many international students hope to learn English by studying in Denmark, as most Danes speak English since a young age. Some Campus Village residents manage

neg: International English it for a constructed language. Basic Global English, or BGE, is a concept of global English initiated by German linguist Joachim Grzega. It evolved from the idea of creating a type of English that can be learned more easily than regular British or American English and that serves as a tool for successful global communication. BGE is guided by creating "empathy and tolerance" between speakers in a global context. This applies to the context of global communication, where different speakers with different mother tongues come together. BGE aims to develop this competence as quickly as possible. English language teaching is

neg: Education in Norwalk, Connecticut year 42.3 percent of the school's 640 students qualified for free or reduced-price lunches. A total of 40.3 percent of students come from homes where the primary language is not English. The primary language for many students is Spanish, but students also come from homes where Chinese or Haitian Creole are spoken. The school building was constructed in the late 1950s. On May 14, 2007, several state legislators toured the school in an attempt by Fairfield County lawmakers to educate them about the need for more state education funding in the richest county in the state. In the 2002-03 school

neg: Etymology However, language change has eroded many grammatical elements, such as the noun case system, which is greatly simplified in modern English, and certain elements of vocabulary, some of which are borrowed from French. Although many of the words in the English lexicon come from Romance languages, most of the common words used in English are of Germanic origin. When the Normans conquered England in 1066 (see Norman Conquest), they brought their Norman language with them. During the Anglo-Norman period, which united insular and continental territories, the ruling class spoke Anglo-Norman, while the peasants spoke the vernacular English of the time.

neg: Muster list Muster list The Muster List, in the a maritime world, is a list of the functions each member of a ship crew is requirement to perform in case of emergency. It is defined in the Chapter III - Part A of the SOLAS Convention. The Muster List must be written in both the language of country of the ship registration and at least also in English. In ships where the majority of the crew speaks a 3rd language, the Muster List should also be made available in that language. For the most part, passengers only come to face with the

neg: History of English the modern Icelandic and Faroese alphabets, having been borrowed from Old English via Old West Norse. English underwent extensive sound changes during the 15th century, while its spelling conventions remained largely constant. Modern English is often dated from the Great Vowel Shift, which took place mainly during the 15th century. The language was further transformed by the spread of a standardized London-based dialect in government and administration and by the standardizing effect of printing, which also tended to regularize capitalization. As a result, the language acquired self-conscious terms such as "accent" and "dialect". As most early presses come from continental

neg: Monte Melkonian eleven, when his family went on a year-long trip to Europe in 1969. While taking Spanish language courses in Spain, his teacher had posed him the question of where he was from. Dissatisfied with Melkonian's answer of "California", the teacher rephrased the question by asking "where did your "ancestors" come from?" His brother Markar Melkonian remarked that "her image of us was not at all like our image of ourselves. She did not view us as the Americans we had always assumed we were." From this moment on, for days and months to come, Markar continues, "Monte pondered [their teacher

neg: Spaniards "ways of life") that causes Spaniards to be labelled a Latin people. The strong Arabic influence on the language (nearly 4,000 words are of Arabic origin, including nouns, verbs and adjectives.) and the independent evolution of the language itself through history, most notably the Basque influence at the formative stage of Castilian Romance, partially explain its difference from other Romance languages. The Basque language left a strong imprint on Spanish both linguistically and phonetically. Other changes in Spanish have come from borrowings from English and French, although English influence is stronger in Latin America than in Spain. The number of

neg: Guangxi Medical University by the Guangxi Medical University, including clinical medicine, preventive medicine, stomatology, pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, and seven three-year college specialties including nursing, pharmacy, community medical care and cosmetology. International education has shown a rapid development since the university begin to accept international students, whether for language study or enrolling in clinical medicine program, which offers the MBBS title for undergraduate students. Most international students come from Vietnam, which is a one-hour bus ride from Nanning. Vietnamese students primarily attend Chinese language classes. International students who attend the English language classes come from India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Mauritius. Lately there are international

neg: Singdarin from China or Taiwan. Like its Singlish equivalent, Singdarin evolved because many Singaporean Chinese families come from mixed language environments. For instance, children may be raised in households in which one parent speaks English while the other speaks Chinese or coming for other Chinese dialects, such as Hokkien or Cantonese respectively. Singdarin has also evolved largely because Singapore is a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society. One of the most important policies of the Singaporean government is to ensure social and multi-ethnic harmony. Therefore, instead of letting certain ethnic groups to live in an isolated community like they did in the

neg: Summer camp to ensure students use the language as much as possible. South Korea is quite unique with its over emphasis on acquiring English speaking skills, and teachers for these 2 to 4 week camps come from all over the English speaking world. Some of the teachers are on vacation from their regular work in South Korea. Others come from their home countries or other countries where they might be working, and are on special visas just for the camps. Some employ as many Korean staff as there are native English teachers to ensure the cultural and communication gaps are narrowed. A

neg: Shangani Patrol the only member of the column who did at a fluent level was a medical orderly who had never been near the rear guard. The prosecutor proposed that Sehuloholu could be exaggerating the standard of Sindebele spoken by the men he had met, pointing out that most of the phrases quoted were actually relatively basic, and did not imply a profound understanding of the language. Unable to definitely prove to the court where their money had come from, Daniel and Wilson were eventually found guilty, and sentenced to 14 years' hard labour. However, the maximum term the Magistrate could legally

neg: The Universality of the French Language in its turn fell in a period of political conflicts. Invaded by Germans, by Spanish, and by French, Italy lost its authority at the expense of its adversaries. Symptomatically, the importance of the Italian language weakened. The last language to come under fire was English. Rivarol heaped the most virulent criticism on England. He described England as a country “under cloudy sky, isolated from the rest of the world, served as an exile for Romans” Throughout his essay, the author drew a discriminatory comparison between French and English cultures. He overtly disparaged English values at the expense of French ones.

neg: Bondage (BDSM) of rope bondage. In the American-European bondage scene, specific terms have developed for different kinds of bondage. The terms most often used in the European bondage subculture are in English, although some bondage term come from the Japanese language, such as "kata" (bondage position) or "musubime" (bondage knot). Examples of simple bondage techniques are the "spread eagle", where the restrained partner's each limb is tied to a different corner of a bed, or the "hogtie", where the restrained partner's hands and feet are both tied, and the ropes tying these are connected with each other, holding the restrained partner in

neg: Pluricentric language with British English next with about 18% and other varieties such as Australian English and Canadian English having up to 7% each. Due to globalization in recent decades, English is becoming increasingly decentralized, with daily use and statewide study of the language in schools growing in most regions of the world. British and American English are the two most commonly taught varieties in the education systems where English is taught as a second language. British English tends to predominate in former colonies where English is not the first language of the majority of the population, such as Malaysia, India, Pakistan,

neg: Mr. and Mrs. Iyer play the roles of the Muslim couple in the film. Santhanam, the infant son of Meenakshi Iyer in the film is Sen's grand niece. Aparna Sen chose English as the film's narrative since the characters are linguistically diverse. She had to make sure that the characters spoke in English with their regional accent. Konkona admitted in an interview that playing the role of a Tamil Brahmin did not come easy. The director forced her to visit Chennai (where the major language is Tamil) for two weeks to research her character. She also said that she had learned many characteristics, nuances

neg: Languages of Singapore the country. The majority of Singapore's tourist attractions provide information through English in the Roman script. In many cases, the entrances of the attraction is written in English (usually with no other accompanying languages) while the distinctive brown road signs seen along streets and expressways which direct tourists come in up to four or five languages, with English as the largest and most prominent language on the sign. Some examples of the different ways in which popular tourist attractions in Singapore display ethnolinguistic diversity can be seen at tourist attractions such as Lau Pa Sat, where the words "Lau Pa

neg: English language states where it is not an official language (that is, the countries other than the UK, Ireland and Malta). In a 2012 official Eurobarometer poll, 38 percent of the EU respondents outside the countries where English is an official language said they could speak English well enough to have a conversation in that language. The next most commonly mentioned foreign language, French (which is the most widely known foreign language in the UK and Ireland), could be used in conversation by 12 percent of respondents. A working knowledge of English has become a requirement in a number of occupations and

neg: John Mackenzie (1806–1848) of Uilleam Ros (second edition Glasgow, 1834). He did editorial work on "Cuaitear nan Gleann", the Gaelic magazine. Mackenzie's original poetry is minor. His other work was mainly for Maclachlan & Stewart, where he translated from English or edited about 30 different Gaelic works, including: John Mackenzie (1806–1848) John Mackenzie (1806–1848) was a Scottish scholar of Gaelic language and literature. He was born on 17 July 1806 in the parish of Gairloch, Ross-shire, the son of Alexander Mackenzie who held some land on the north side of Loch Ewe; the family had come down in the world. He left the

neg: Amateur radio operator term has come to mean any female spouse of an amateur radio operator, licensed or not. Sometimes the wife of a ham operator is called a YF (wife). Although these codes are derived from English language abbreviations, their use is common among amateur radio operators worldwide. Incidentally, the most common language heard in the HF amateur bands (the bands below 30 MHz that support worldwide communications) is English. In most countries there is no minimum age requirement to earn an amateur radio license and become an amateur radio operator. Although the number of amateur radio operators in many countries increases

neg: English as a second or foreign language by completing a Master of Arts (MA) in TESOL. Other degrees may be a Master in Adult Education and Training or Applied Linguistics. This degree also qualifies them to teach in most EFL contexts. There are also a growing number of online programs offering TESOL degrees. In fact, "the growth of Online Language Teacher Education (OLTE) programs from the mid-1990s to 2009 was from 20 to more than 120". In many areas of the United States, a growing number of K-12 public school teachers are involved in teaching ELLs (English Language Learners, that is, children who come to school speaking

neg: Cognate "*mel-". Cognate In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. A cognate etymon need not be inherited directly from a proto-language; the etymon can be borrowed from some other language, in which evolution produces cognate forms. For example, the English word "dish" and the German word "Tisch" ("table") are cognates because they both come from Latin "discus", which relates to their flat surfaces. Cognates may have evolved similar, different or even opposite meanings, but in most cases there are some similar letters in the word. Some words sound similar, but don't come from the same root; these

neg: Cognate Cognate In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. A cognate etymon need not be inherited directly from a proto-language; the etymon can be borrowed from some other language, in which evolution produces cognate forms. For example, the English word "dish" and the German word "Tisch" ("table") are cognates because they both come from Latin "discus", which relates to their flat surfaces. Cognates may have evolved similar, different or even opposite meanings, but in most cases there are some similar letters in the word. Some words sound similar, but don't come from the same root; these are

neg: World Englishes education, the legislature and judiciary, national commerce and so on may all be carried out predominantly in English. This circle includes India, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Tanzania, Kenya, non-Anglophone South Africa, the Philippines (colonized by the US) and others. The total number of English speakers in the outer circle is estimated to range from 150 million to 300 million. Singapore, while in the Outer Circle, may be drifting into the Inner Circle as English becomes more often used as a home language (see Languages of Singapore), much as Ireland did earlier. Countries where most people speak an English-based creole and

neg: History of Ireland (1801–1923) the western seaboard. In reaction, to this, Irish nationalists began a Gaelic revival in the late 19th century, hoping to revive the Irish language and Irish literature and sports. While social organizations such as the Gaelic League and the Gaelic Athletic Association were very successful in attracting members, most of their activists were English speakers and the movement did not halt the decline of the Irish language. The form of English established in Ireland differed somewhat from British English and its variants. Blurring linguistic structures from older forms of English (notably Elizabethan English) and the Irish language, it is known

neg: Extinct language may be considered "extinct", especially in cases where they did not leave a corpus of literature or liturgy that remained in widespread use (see corpus language), as is the case with e.g. Old English or Old High German relative to their contemporary descendants, English and German. Some degree of misunderstanding can result from designating languages such as Old English and Old High German as extinct, or Latin dead, while ignoring their evolution as a language. This is expressed in the apparent paradox "Latin is a dead language, but Latin never died." A language such as Etruscan, for example, can be

neg: Educational inequality another major factor in educational inequality. As more and more students come from families where English is not spoken at home, they often struggle with overcoming a language barrier in addition to simply learning subjects. They more frequently lack assistance at home because it is common for the parents to not understand the work that is in English. Furthermore, research reveals summer months as crucial time for the educational development of children. Students from disadvantaged families experience greater losses in skills during summer vacation. Students from lower socioeconomic classes come disproportionately from single-parent homes and dangerous neighborhoods. 15% of white

neg: Massachusett dialects to their isolation, trust of the local English settlers and neutrality. Most of the Nauset relocated to Mashpee where they joined the local Wampanoag when it was established as a Praying town of the Plymouth Colony, and thus, many Mashpee Wampanoag likely have significant Nauset ancestry in their Native bloodlines. The unique features of the speech of the Wampanoag remembers from Mashpee recorded by Speck may be due to Nauset features but could just as easily be considered dialectal variation, late-stage language usage and incorrect 'remembering' of the language as it was recorded from elders that did not speak the

neg: English language formed by using the past participle either with the auxiliary verb "to be" or "to get", although not all varieties of English allow the use of passives with "get". For example, putting the sentence "she sees him" into the passive becomes "he is seen (by her)", or "he gets seen (by her)". Both yes–no questions and "wh"-questions in English are mostly formed using subject–auxiliary inversion ("Am I going tomorrow?", "Where can we eat?"), which may require "do"-support ("Do you like her?", "Where did he go?"). In most cases, interrogative words ("wh"-words; e.g. "what", "who", "where", "when", "why", "how") appear in

neg: Channel Island English of Guernsey), Legal French (which was the language of legislation before the Second World War) and a very much smaller number of words that have come down from Auregnais (now a dead language, with only one or two rememberers still alive). Examples of words used in Alderney that appear neither in standard English nor in Guernsey English are "impôt" (where it means 'rubbish tip/recycling centre' and not 'tax' as elsewhere) and the pronunciation of certain local surnames, "Dupont" as and "Simon" as , rather than the standard Parisian pronunciation. The historic influence, such as remains today, of Auregnais on Alderney

neg: Columbus Global Academy PSEO for college credits. Teachers at CGA receive on-going specialized training in teaching English language learners. The students of the Global Academy come from a variety of backgrounds with the uniting factor being that most students speak English as a second (or more) language. Most students at CGA are recent arrivals or immigrants in the US. There are more than 91 dialects and languages spoken at CGA, including Amharic, Arabic, Chinese, Fulani, French, Mai Mai, Nepali, Portuguese, Somali, Spanish, and Swahili. Over 55 countries are represented, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brazil, Burma, Burundi, China, Colombia, Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El

neg: Sociology of language and Guillaume Thierry from Bangor University have conducted a study that suggests that fluent Chinese-English speakers did not explicitly recognize time misalignments in complex English sentences, as opposed to native English speakers. The study involved analyzing N400 (neuroscience) modulations to determine when the participants took additional semantic processing effort to recognize tense misalignments. Sociology of language Sociology of language is the study of the relations between language and society. It is closely related to the field of sociolinguistics, which focuses on the effect of society on language. One of its longest and most prolific proponents was Joshua Fishman, who was

neg: Cajun English "please come," is often used in Cajun French to ask people to come. This phrasing may have its roots in "viens voir ici" (), the French word for "here." Instead of "When did you go?" To "save the dishes" means to "put away the dishes into cupboards where they belong after being washed". While dishes are the most common subject, it is not uncommon to save other things. For example: Save up the clothes, saving the tools, save your toys. "Getting/Running down at the store" involves stepping out of a car to enter the store. Most commonly, the driver will

neg: Erica Hunt for the Poetry Society of America, Hunt said, "I come from a family of acute social observers, natural mimics and shrewd survivors. These traits, I've come to realize, go together, where observation has evolved to the point that we were situationally multilingual, able to speak several vernaculars, meaning always at least doubled, filling the form while tunneling under the wall." Hunt attended University of Vermont - where she studied the philosophy of language, anthropology and folklore — and received in 1980 a BA in English from San Francisco State University, where she studied poetry with Kathleen Fraser and Michael Palmer.

neg: Heart of Europe Debating Tournament must agree to abide by the Code of Ethics before taking part. British Parliamentary Styly (highschoolers and university students) World Style (highschoolers) The Goals of Heart of Europe Debating Tournament are: In order to further these aims, all participating countries agree that: At Heart of Europe Debating Tournament special awards are presented each year to the best-performing English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) teams. These awards are open to teams from nations where English is not an official national language. To be eligible for the EFL award, a team must be predominantly made-up of students who do not come from English-speaking homes and who

neg: Postcolonial literature western Wales retain many areas where Welsh is spoken as a first language by the majority of the population, and English learnt as a second language. The 2011 Census showed 562,016 people, 19.0% of the Welsh population, were able to speak Welsh. The English language was introduced to Ireland in the 13th century, following the Norman Conquest of Ireland. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority

neg: Indo-Canadians language come from both India and Sri Lanka. Hindi, as India's most spoken language, is now the language primarily used by new Indian immigrants, especially ones with ties to Northern India and Central India. As an official language used by the Government of India and by almost half of India's population, Hindi plays a key role as a lingua franca between Indo-Canadians who don't necessarily feel comfortable to speak in English. Urdu is primarily spoken by Muslim South Asians from Northern India and Pakistan. However, individuals of Indian descent from Africa and the Caribbean may also speak it as well.

neg: Avebury tribes from continental Europe migrated to southern Britain, where they may have come into conflict with the Britons already settled there. Aubrey Burl suggested the possibility that a small group of British warriors may have used Avebury as a fortified site to defend themselves from Anglo-Saxon attack. He gained this idea from etymological evidence, suggesting that the site may have been called "weala-dic", meaning "moat of the Britons", in Old English, the language of the Anglo-Saxons. The early Anglo-Saxon settlers followed their own pagan religion which venerated a selection of deities, the most notable of whom were apparently Woden and

neg: Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Like most online dictionaries, it benefits from being able to update content regularly with new words and meanings. In addition to the dictionary, the online version has a thesaurus function enabling users to find synonyms for any word, phrase or meaning. There is also a blog (the "Macmillan Dictionary" Blog) with daily postings on language issues, especially on global English and language change. An "Open Dictionary" allows users to provide their own dictionary entries for new words they have come across. The online edition has been recognised as a good example of this emerging genre of reference publishing. Macmillan English

neg: Mzungu individual foreigners in Malawi's Chichewa language. The possessive (or ) translated literally means "of the wanderers". It has now come to mean "language of the wanderers" and more commonly English, as it is the language most often used by in the African Great Lakes area. However it can be used generally for any European language. , , etc. – literally "wandering people" – have come to mean people who adopt the Western culture, cuisine and lifestyle. can be used in an affectionate or insulting way. It is used in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi and Burundi. It is often called

neg: Swedish Americans come from generations of unwashed ancestors." It was thought that a Swede without a knife scar in the face was not considered a real man. Swedish Americans opposed entry into World War I, in which Sweden was neutral. Political pressures during the war encouraged a rapid switch from Swedish to English in church services—the older generation was bilingual by now and the youth could hardly understand the old language. Swedish language newspapers lost circulation. Most communities typically switched to English by 1920. By the 1930s, assimilation into American life styles was almost complete, with few experiences of hostility or discrimination.

neg: Geographical distribution of English speakers L2. Geographical distribution of English speakers The article provides details and data regarding the geographical distribution of all English speakers, regardless of the legislative status of the countries where it's spoken. The English language is one of the most widely spoken languages of the world, and it's widely used in the international communication as lingua franca. Many international organizations use English as their official language. This table depicts the native speakers of the language, which means that the table includes people who have been exposed to the English language from birth and, thus, excludes people who use the language as

neg: Geographical distribution of English speakers Geographical distribution of English speakers The article provides details and data regarding the geographical distribution of all English speakers, regardless of the legislative status of the countries where it's spoken. The English language is one of the most widely spoken languages of the world, and it's widely used in the international communication as lingua franca. Many international organizations use English as their official language. This table depicts the native speakers of the language, which means that the table includes people who have been exposed to the English language from birth and, thus, excludes people who use the language as a

neg: Why I Am an Atheist English weekly "The People". On the request of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, P. Jeevanandham translated the essay to the Tamil language. The Tamil version of the essay was published in "Kudi Arasu" in 1935. According to Chaman Lal, "at one time after Partition, the English copy of this essay was not found anywhere. It was then re-translated from Tamil to English, and some websites still carry the re-translated English version of this essay". In the essay, Bhagat Singh discussed his atheism, which did not come because of his vanity. He explained how a religious boy who chanted prayers for hours,

neg: Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain have been lost. Scholars have stressed that Welsh and Cornish place-names from the Roman period seem no more likely to survive than English ones: 'clearly name loss was a Romano-British phenomenon, not just one associated with Anglo-Saxon incomers'. Other explanations for the replacement of Roman period place-names include adaptation of Celtic names such that they now seem to come from Old English; a more gradual loss of Celtic names than was once assumed; and new names being coined (in the newly dominant English language) because instability of settlements and land-tenure. Extensive research is ongoing on whether British Celtic did exert

neg: Bengali language from foreign languages, often totally integrating these borrowings into the core vocabulary. The most common borrowings from foreign languages come from three different kinds of contact. After close contact with several indigenous Austroasiatic languages, and later the Mughal invasion whose court language was Persian, numerous Chagatai, Arabic, and Persian words were absorbed into the lexicon. Later, East Asian travelers and lately European colonialism brought words from Portuguese, French, Dutch, and most significantly English during the colonial period. The following is a sample text in Bengali of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Bengali in the Bengali alphabet

neg: Catherine E. Snow language use had an influence on a child’s English and Spanish vocabulary. The study was conducted with Latino children where Spanish was most commonly spoken in the home. They administered a questionnaire to the families that were going to participate in the study. The questions included information of the family’s background, home-language use and home literacy environment.The home factors that were looked at included parental education, parental English proficiency, previous school attendance, mothers working status, literacy resources in the home and number of books at home, along with other factors.The study found that family income did not have an impact

neg: Languages of Zambia franca is some areas. Local Zambian Languages plays an important role in different sectors of society. For instance, in the education sector, local languages allow pupils to express themselves freely. English, the former colonial language, serves as a common language among educated Zambians. At independence in 1964, English was declared the national language. English is the first language of only 2% of Zambians but is the most commonly used second language. The English spoken in Zambia has some distinctive features, such as the omission of certain object pronouns that would be obligatory in Western English ("Did you reach?"), the simplification

neg: Parti Québécois of francophones towards management roles, until then largely out of their reach. Despite the fact that 85% of the population spoke French and most of them did not understand English, the language of management was English in most medium and large businesses. Critics, both Francophone and Anglophone, have however criticized the charter for restraining citizens' linguistic school choice, as it forbids immigrants and Quebecers of French descent from attending English-language schools funded by the state (private schools remained an option for those who could afford tuition). The Parti Québécois initiated the 1980 Quebec referendum seeking a mandate to begin negotiation

neg: Foreign language influences in English using "begin" instead of "commence"). In its more extreme form, it involves reviving native words that are no longer widely used (such as "ettle" for "intend") and/or coining new words from Germanic roots (such as word stock for vocabulary). This dates at least to the inkhorn term debate of the 16th and 17th century, where some authors rejected the foreign influence, and has continued to this day, being most prominent in Plain English advocacy to avoid Latinate terms if a simple native alternative exists. Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English, the language

neg: Jönköping Student Union half of all students associated with the organisation and the business school come from outside of Sweden making it the most international colleges and college associations in Sweden. HI TECH is the college association of Jönköping School of Engineering and Technology. The organisations members are called gulbyxor/yellow pants or JTH:are. It has English as its organisational language = Central clubs = The central clubs are organisations which span all the colleges at Jönköping University. CardBoard is a board gaming club where you can play different games. One popular game is Cards Against Humanity. Jönköping Debate Society is the debate society

neg: Julio Iglesias investments in the Dominican Republic's eastern town of Punta Cana, a major tourist destination, where he took to spending most of the year. Indeed, Iglesias became a Dominican citizen in 2005. In September 2006, Iglesias released a new English-language album, which he titled "Romantic Classics." "I've chosen songs from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s that I believe will come to be regarded as the new standards," Iglesias stated in the album's sleeve notes. The album featured his interpretations of Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is," the Wham! selection "Careless Whisper," and Richard Marx's "Right Here Waiting." "Romantic Classics"

neg: Sto:lo Residential School in Mission, BC, students were prohibited from speaking their language. If students did speak their language instead of the desired English, they would often be punished physically or mentally to reinforce which language was to be spoken - or not spoken. With a lack of opportunity to speak Halq'eméylem in their environment and inability to go home in most cases, students in attendance at residential schools frequently lost their language. In present day, the trend of individuals not being to speak their language continues. English has still been taking precedence over the speaking of Halq'eméylem. With those who

neg: Maurice O'Sullivan memoirs by George Thomson, a linguist and professor of Greek who had come to the island to hear and learn the Irish language. It was Thomson who encouraged him to go into the Guards, rather than emigrate to America as most of the young people did. Thomson edited and assembled the memoir, and arranged for its translation into English with the help of Moya Llewelyn Davies. While "Fiche Blian ag Fás" was received with tremendous enthusiasm by critics, including E.M. Forster, their praise at times had a condescending tone. Forster described the book as a document of a surviving "Neolithic"

neg: Imatra Society annual meeting on February 16, 1986 the language has been English because there were non Finnish members in the society who did not understand Finnish. In 1987 the society was planning to establish an annual music festival at Imatra Hall where Finnish and American artists could perform. This was a big plan and therefore an inquiry was made to music festivals in Finland if they can come along and participate in organizing the festival in New York. Many of them responded favorably. There was a concert at Imatra Hall on March 7, 1991 in which two police choruses performed, one

neg: Easements in English law class of ending of leases, occupational rights, goods and similar rights in English law as has tended towards a more monetary character. This is the formal, latin-based legal language for the ending of a lease which, as in most leases, had the boon of an easement or set of easements. Easements granted in leases normally come to an end with the lease. Where a registered lease has terminated and an application is made in the standard Land Registry Application Form to close the title, completion of the application will mean removal of any entry in respect of the benefit of

neg: Place name origins (adaptations to English phonology) of Irish language names. However, some names come directly from the English language or Scots language, and a handful come from Old Norse. Place names in the United States are often taken from the European nation that first colonized the land. Many names that have been transferred from Britain, as is the case with Barnstable, Massachusetts and Danbury, Connecticut. Many others are of French origin, such as Detroit, Michigan, which was established along the banks of the river they called "le détroit du lac Érié", meaning the strait of Lake Erie. Many in the former New

neg: Pashtuns as Persian and Vedic Sanskrit. Modern borrowings come primarily from the English language. Fluency in Pashto is often the main determinant of group acceptance as to who is considered a Pashtun. Pashtun nationalism emerged following the rise of Pashto poetry that linked language and ethnic identity. Pashto has national status in Afghanistan and regional status in neighboring Pakistan. In addition to their native tongue, many Pashtuns are fluent in Urdu, Dari, and English. Throughout their history, poets, prophets, kings and warriors have been among the most revered members of Pashtun society. Early written records of Pashto began to appear around

neg: Demographics of Malaysia non-native language from northern China (originally spoken by the Beijing elite and chosen as the official language of China), as their first language, while English is the first language for the rest. Some of the less-spoken languages such as Hainanese are facing extinction. As with Malaysian youths of other races, most Chinese youth are multilingual and can speak up to four languages with at least moderate fluency – their native Chinese language, Mandarin, English and Malay. Tamil is the most common language spoken among Indians in Malaysia, especially in Peninsular Malaysia where they still maintain close cultural ties with their

neg: Plateau State People from other parts of country have come to settle in Plateau State; these include the Tiv, Idoma, Igbo, Yoruba, Ibibio, Annang, Efik, Ijaw, and Bini. Each ethnic group has its own distinct language, but as with the rest of the country, English is the official language in Plateau State; Hausa is also a common medium of communication and commerce as is the case in most parts of the North and Middle Belt of Nigeria. There have been cases of attacks away from the state capital, most recently, one which drew international attention as the site of multiple attacks attributed

neg: Tolai language numerous loanwords from English and Tok Pisin. Tolai belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family. The most immediate subgroup is the Patpatar–Tolai group of languages which also includes Lungalunga (also spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula) and Patpatar (spoken on New Ireland). Tolai is spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula in the East New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea. Tolai is said to be one of the major substratum languages of Tok Pisin. Some common Tok Pisin vocabulary items that likely come from Tolai (or a closely related language) include: "aibika" (from "ibika") - Hibiscus manihot<br> "buai" -

neg: Foreign language influences in English outside borrowings. A portion of these borrowings come directly from Latin, or through one of the Romance languages, particularly Anglo-Norman and French, but some also from Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish; or from other languages (such as Gothic, Frankish or Greek) into Latin and then into English. The influence of Latin in English, therefore, is primarily lexical in nature, being confined mainly to words derived from Latin roots. While some new words enter English as slang, most do not. Some words are adopted from other languages; some are mixtures of existing words (portmanteau words), and some are new creations made of

neg: English-language radio International Community Radio Taipei have been on the rise. The location of most English-language radio stations can be determined by their proximity to large populations of English speakers. Geneva, Switzerland, for example, has many English speakers and expatriates, also the Spanish coastal areas, and thus English radio broadcasts. Radio stations in places such as Baja California and Costa Rica also serve the increasing number of English speakers. English-language radio English-language radio refers to radio stations that broadcast primarily in the English language and are located in countries where English is not an official language or majority language. Often referred to

neg: Second language would be considered a foreign language in Romania and Moldova. This is despite Romanian and French being Romance languages (unlike Chinese and English, which come from two different language families: Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European). This is also despite Romania and Moldova being the only two countries in the world where Romanian is an official language at the national level, Romania's historical links to France, and both Romanian-speaking countries' membership in the Francophonie. Psychological studies have found that speaking two or more languages is good for people's cognitive process and the differences between brains of bilinguals and single language speakers usually provides

neg: Luxembourgish in Luxembourgish include both entirely new words, and the attachment of new meanings to old words in everyday speech. The most recent neologisms come from the English language in the fields of telecommunications, computer science, and the Internet. Recent neologisms in Luxembourgish include: Between 2000 and 2002, Luxembourgish linguist Jérôme Lulling compiled a lexical database of 125,000 word forms as the basis for the very first Luxembourgish spellchecker (Projet C.ORT.IN.A). The LaF ("Lëtzebuergesch als Friemsprooch" – Luxembourgish as a Foreign Language) is a set of four language proficiency certifications for Luxembourgish and follows the ALTE framework of language examination standards.

neg: Camfranglais Camfranglais Camfranglais, Francanglais, or Francamglais (portmanteau of the French adjectives "camerounais", "français", and "anglais") is a pidgin language of Cameroon, consisting of a macaronic mixture of Cameroonian French, Cameroonian English and Cameroonian Pidgin English, in addition to lexical contributions from various indigenous languages of Cameroon. The language blend is common among young people in the country, and rivals Cameroonian Pidgin English ("Creole") as the country's most common lingua franca. It is most popular in the high-density urban centres where anglophones and francophones meet. Camfranglais has caused concern for educators, who worry that the language blend may hinder acquisition of regular

neg: Grafton K. Mintz Grafton K. Mintz Grafton K. Mintz (1925–1983) was an American copy editor who lived in Korea. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on October 22, 1925, he graduated from Bucknell University and later obtained a M.A. in English at Ohio State in 1953. Grafton and his wife Barbara come to Korea in 1962 on a Fulbright grant to teach in Pusan at Pusan National University. In 1970, he started working as an editor at "the Korea Times" and also did some English language book editing. He is known for editing Ha Tae-Hung's English version of "Samguk Yusa" and Han Woo-keun's "The History

neg: Things to Come (2016 film) average score of 8.2/10. As such, it is the most highly rated non-English language film on the Rotten Tomatoes' 100% approval ratings list and in the top 5 overall. The website's critical consensus reads: "A union to cherish between a writer-director and star working at peak power, "Things to Come" offers quietly profound observations on life, love, and the irrevocable passage of time." At Metacritic, the film received an weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 28 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Things to Come (2016 film) Things to Come () is a 2016 French-German

neg: Typographic ligature sections about German ß, various Latin accented letters, & et al.. The trend against digraph use was further strengthened by the desktop publishing revolution starting around 1977 with the production of the Apple II. Early computer software in particular had no way to allow for ligature substitution (the automatic use of ligatures where appropriate), while most new digital typefaces did not include ligatures. As most of the early PC development was designed for the English language (which already treated ligatures as optional at best) dependence on ligatures did not carry over to digital. Ligature use fell as the number of

neg: African-American Vernacular English language of the slaves become familiar to a large number of educated whites. The abolitionist papers before the war form a rich corpus of examples of plantation creole. In "Army Life in a Black Regiment" (1870), Thomas Wentworth Higginson detailed many features of his black soldiers' language. Another theory, the presiding one in the linguistics community, however, is that AAVE did not originate from English-based creole languages that "decreolized" back into a dialect of English; rather, most linguists maintain, AAVE has always been a dialect of English. In the early 2000s, Shana Poplack provided corpus-based evidence—evidence from a body of

neg: Carl Strehlow He concluded that their language ‘has passed its flowering and is now falling into decay’ and felt he had to investigate their culture to understand why. He learned three aboriginal languages: Dieri, Aranda and Loritja. Contrary to much in print he did not go out proselytizing, believing that interest had to come from the people themselves: he did not want large numbers of ‘converts’ paying only lip-service to Christianity. Those who converted were expected to reside permanently at the Mission, going away ‘for a spell’ only after arranging it with him; their children had to come regularly to school where

neg: Canada–United States relations where they formed distinctive ethnic communities. By the late 20th century, they had abandoned the French language, but most kept the Catholic religion. About twice as many English Canadians came to the U.S., but they did not form distinctive ethnic settlements. Canada was a way-station through which immigrants from other lands stopped for a while, ultimately heading to the U.S. In 1851–1951, 7.1 million people arrived in Canada (mostly from Continental Europe), and 6.6 million left Canada, most of them to the U.S. At the outset of the American Revolutionary War, the American revolutionaries hoped the French Canadians in Quebec

neg: Nadia Nerina were in the English-speaking minority of the city, where Afrikaans was the official language, encouraged her childhood interest in theater. Her first stage appearance was at the age of 8 or 9, when she appeared as Cio-Cio San's child in a local production of "Madama Butterfly". Her serious study of dance did not come until after her parents moved the family to Durban, the major city in the coastal province of Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal). There she studied drama with Elizabeth Sneddon at Natal University, ballet with Eileen Keegan, a gifted teacher who had danced with Anna Pavlova's company, and stagecraft

neg: Eddy Zheng his trial, but reportedly did not understand most of the legal language used, and did not even realise he had been sentenced to life in prison until some time after the trial when he arrived at the California Youth Authority where he would begin to serve his sentence. His lawyer had been supposed to ask the judge for a judicial recommendation against deportation but failed to do so, an omission which would bring later legal difficulties for Zheng. Zheng was later transferred to San Quentin State Prison, where he ended up serving as a model prisoner. He taught himself English

neg: Rockstrata completely be in Bengali language. This caught the four metal bands completely off-guard since until that time they always covered English heavy metal songs from international bands and did not have original Bengali materials of their own. This apparent obstacle however turned out to be a blessing in disguise for all the heavy metal bands and especially for Rock Strata since this forced them to come up with heavy metal songs using the Bengali language. This had never been done before successfully. Undaunted by the lack of precedents, all the metal bands including Rock Strata decided to write their own

neg: Que me quiten lo bailao and the section where Pérez sings 'para churu churu...' was cut. The recording of an English version under the title "I'm over the moon" was announced but did not come to fruition. The Galician language version, titled "Que me quiten o bailao", was first performed by Lucía in a special program aired on TVG on July 25, 2011 to celebrate the Day of Galician Fatherland. The official music video was filmed on 5 March 2011 in Sitges (Barcelona), during its renowned Carnival celebrations. Fans were invited to join the filming in disguise. The video premiered on RTVE's Eurovision website on

neg: The Imitation Game screenplay for a reported seven-figure sum because of Leonardo DiCaprio's interest in playing Turing. In the end, DiCaprio did not come on board and the rights of the script reverted to the screenwriter. Black Bear Pictures subsequently committed to finance the film for $14 million. Various directors were attached during development including Ron Howard and David Yates. In December 2012, it was announced that "Headhunters" director Morten Tyldum would helm the project, making the film his English-language directorial debut. Principal photography began on 15 September 2013 in Britain. Filming locations included Turing's former school, Sherborne, Bletchley Park, where Turing and

neg: Place names in Ireland Place names in Ireland The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations of Irish language names; that is, adaptations of the Irish names to English phonology and spelling. However, some names come directly from the English language, and a handful come from Old Norse and Scots. The study of placenames in Ireland unveils features of the country's history and geography, and the development of the Irish language. The name of Ireland itself comes from the Irish name "Éire", added to the Germanic word "land". In mythology, Éire was an Irish goddess of the land and of sovereignty (see Ériu).

neg: Round and Round the Garden Round and Round the Garden "Round and Round the Garden" is an English language nursery rhyme typically accompanied by a fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19235. The most common modern form of the poem is: The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since Teddy Bears did not come into vogue until the twentieth century it is unlikely to be any older than that in its current form, but Iona and Peter Opie speculated that it might be a version of an older rhyme, collected 1945-9, 'Round about there, went a little