query: who was crowned king of england in 1327

pos: Edward III of England Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His long reign of 50 years was the second longest in medieval England (after that of his great-grandfather Henry III) and saw vital developments in legislation and government, in particular the evolution of

pos: Edward III of England king in London on 25 January 1327. The new king was crowned as Edward III on 1 February at the age of 14. It was not long before the new reign also met with other problems caused by the central position at court of Roger Mortimer, who was now the "de facto" ruler of England. Mortimer used his power to acquire noble estates and titles, and his unpopularity grew with the humiliating defeat by the Scots at the Battle of Stanhope Park and the ensuing Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton, signed with the Scots in 1328. Also the young king came into

pos: Walter Reynolds him. Reynolds remained in general loyal to Edward II until 1324, when with all his suffragans he opposed the king in defence of the Bishop of Hereford, Adam of Orlton. He then fought with Edward II over liturgical issues, and sent sums of money to Queen Isabella in her rebellion against Edward II. Having fled for safety into Kent he returned to London and declared for Edward III, whom he crowned on 1 February 1327. He was appointed as a member of the Regency Council for Edward III that was formed in February 1327. In 1327 Reynolds popularised in England

pos: Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville worse privations having been locked up inside various religious houses with even less money at their disposal. Joan was transferred from Skipton to Pontefract Castle in July 1326. Mortimer and Isabella landed in England two months later in September 1326, and they joined forces with Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster. On 16 November, King Edward was taken prisoner and eventually murdered at Berkeley Castle, presumably by Mortimer's hired assassins. From 1327 to 1330, Mortimer and Isabella jointly held the Office of Regent for her son, King Edward III who was duly crowned following his father's death. Mortimer was made constable

pos: Battle of Stanhope Park Battle of Stanhope Park The Battle of Stanhope Park, part of the First War of Scottish Independence, took place during the night of 3–4 August 1327. The Scots under James Douglas led a raid into Weardale, and Roger Mortimer, accompanied by the newly crowned Edward III on his first campaign, led an army to drive them back. Douglas led, among other ambushes, an attack into the English camp, with 500 cavalry, and almost captured the king. At the beginning of June 1327, a state of truce existed between England and Scotland but it was clear it would not last. Truce

pos: Parliament of 1327 his peace had been proclaimed at St Paul's Cathedral on the 24th. Now the new King could be proclaimed in public; Edward III's reign was thus dated from 25 January 1327. Behind the scenes, though, discussions must have begun on the thorny question of what to do with his predecessor, who still had not had any judgement—legal or parliamentary—passed upon him. Edward, Earl of Chester's political education was deliberately accelerated by the tutelage of advisors such as William of Pagula and Walter de Milemete. Still a minor, Edward III was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 1 February 1327: executive power

pos: Parliament of 1327 to the King's deposition, which occurred on the afternoon of 13 January. On or around 21 January, the Lords Temporal sent another delegation to the King to inform him of his deposition, effectively giving Edward an ultimatum: if he did not agree to hand over the crown to his son, then the lords in parliament would give it to somebody outside the royal family. King Edward wept but agreed to their conditions. The delegation returned to London, and Edward II's son was proclaimed King Edward III immediately. He was crowned on 1 February 1327. In the aftermath of the parliamentary

pos: William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu, alias de Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 3rd Baron Montagu, King of Mann (1301 – 30 January 1344) was an English nobleman and loyal servant of King Edward III. The son of William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu, he entered the royal household at an early age and became a close companion of the young Prince Edward. The relationship continued after Edward was crowned king following the deposition of Edward II in 1327. In 1330, Montagu was one of Edward's main accomplices in the coup against Roger Mortimer, who until then had been

pos: William Trussell Edward II on 21 January 1327. Edward III was crowned as king in his place on 1 February 1327 and Trussell went on to become the new king's Secretary and undertake numerous important diplomatic missions, particularly to France and Spain. He was buried in St Michael's chapel in Westminster Abbey in 1347. Sir William married Maud, the daughter of Warin Mainwaring and they had at least three sons and a daughter. After Sir William's death his widow married Oliver de Bordeaux. William Trussell Sir William Trussell was an English politician and leading rebel in Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, 1st

pos: John de Stratford 20 June 1323, when he became Bishop of Winchester, an appointment which was made during his visit to Pope John XXII at Avignon and which was very much disliked by Edward II. In 1327 the bishop joined Queen Isabella's partisans; he drew up the six articles against Edward II, and was one of those who visited the captive king at Kenilworth to urge him to abdicate in favour of his son. On 26 November 1326 he was appointed Lord Treasurer of England, a post he held until 28 January 1327. Under Edward III Stratford became a member of the royal

pos: Pope Clement VI Pierre Roger was called to Avignon through the influence of his friend and protector, Cardinal Pierre de Mortemart (who was named a cardinal on 18 December 1327), both of whom were close to King Charles IV. Unfortunately, King Charles IV died on 1 February 1328, the last Capetian king of France in the direct line. As Abbot of Fécamp, and therefore a feudal subject of Edward III, Pierre was assigned the task in 1328 of summoning Edward III of England to pay homage to Philip VI of France for the duchy of Aquitaine. He received no reply, however, from King

pos: History of England Despenser, was publicly tried and executed. Edward was captured, charged with breaking his coronation oath, deposed and imprisoned in Gloucestershire until he was murdered some time in the autumn of 1327, presumably by agents of Isabella and Mortimer. Millions of people in northern Europe died in the Great Famine of 1315–1317. In England, half a million people died, more than 10% of the population. Edward III, son of Edward II, was crowned at age 14 after his father was deposed by his mother and her consort Roger Mortimer. At age 17, he led a successful coup against Mortimer, the "de

pos: Bodiam Castle 1379 to 1388, Dalyngrigge was a Knight of the Shire for Sussex and one of the most influential people in the county. By the time he applied to the king for a licence to crenellate (build a castle), the Hundred Years' War had been fought between England and France for nearly 50 years. Edward III of England (reigned 1327–1377) pressed his claim for the French throne and secured the territories of Aquitaine and Calais. Dalyngrigge was one of many Englishmen who travelled to France to seek their fortune as members of Free Companies – groups of mercenaries who fought for

pos: Edward III of England family as well; in contrast to so many of his predecessors, Edward never experienced opposition from any of his five adult sons. Edward's claim on the French throne was based on his descent from King Philip IV of France, through his mother Isabella. Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England

pos: Parliament of 1327 session, his father remained imprisoned, being moved around to prevent attempted rescues; he died—presumed killed—in September the same year, probably on Mortimer's orders. Crises continued for Mortimer and Isabella, who were "de facto" rulers of the country, partly because of Mortimer's own greed, mismanagement, and mishandling of the new King. Edward III led a coup d'état against Mortimer in 1330, overthrew him, and began his personal rule. King Edward II of England had court favourites who were unpopular with his nobility, such as Piers Gaveston and Hugh Despenser the Younger. Gaveston was killed during an earlier noble rebellion against Edward

pos: Despenser War by Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, who became the "de facto" rulers of England from 1327 to 1330. Mortimer was hanged, drawn and quartered in November 1330 by the order of Isabella's son King Edward III after he ousted his mother and Mortimer from power and assumed personal rule. Despenser War The Despenser War (1321–22) was a baronial revolt against Edward II of England led by the Marcher Lords Roger Mortimer and Humphrey de Bohun. The rebellion was fuelled by opposition to Hugh Despenser the Younger, the royal favourite. After the rebels' summer campaign of 1321, Edward was able to

pos: Pardon of the execution. Conditional pardons were granted to many in the 18th century, in return for transportation to British colonies overseas for life in lieu, especially to the Australian Colonies. The first known "General Pardon" in post-Conquest England was issued during the celebrations at the coronation of King Edward III in 1327. In 2006, all soldiers from England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland who were executed for cowardice during the First World War were given a statutory pardon by an Act of Parliament, resolving a long-running controversy about the justice of their executions. (See the Armed Forces Act 2006.) Today the

pos: Silverthorne (surname) Silverthorne (surname) Silverthorne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: The first record of the name occurs in 1327 in the Parish of Hemington and Hundred of Kilmersdon in the County of Somerset in the southwestern part of England. The French wife of King Edward II had raised a French army to overthrow her husband and place their son Edward III on the throne in 1327. It was necessary to raise the money to pay off her mercenaries by means of a tax of a twentieth of all moveables which were in each man's possession on Michaelmas (29

pos: Eustace Folville joined the rebellion that they gained control within just two months. Both Hugh le Despencer, Earl of Winchester and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger were quickly and gruesomely executed by Mortimer once captured. A pardon for the Folvilles was rushed through and granted on 11 Feb 1327, presumably on the request of Roger Mortimer, now the new fourteen year old king's Steward, and the new Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir William Trussell, just ten days after Edward III had been crowned as the new king. Despite Sir Roger la Zouch, Lord of Lubbesthorpe, seeming to have been

pos: Battle of Burton Bridge (1322) to prove unpopular with his barons, and in 1327 was forced to abdicate the throne in favour of his son Edward III. Thomas, Earl of Lancaster had long been an enemy of the King, alienated by his practice of promoting young favourites (and alleged lovers) such as Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall, who had at one stage been made regent in Edward's absence. Lancaster further demonstrated his disapproval of the King by his refusal to assist Edward in his Scottish campaigns, including the decisive defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn. The resulting raids by the Scottish on Northern England

pos: Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March latter was crowned as Edward III of England on 25 January 1327, the country was ruled by Mortimer and Isabella. On September 21 that same year, Edward II died in captivity. The suspicious death of Edward II has been the subject of many conspiracy theories, including that Mortimer's men killed him, but none has been proven. Following the removal of the Despensers, Mortimer set to work in restoring the status of his supporters, primarily in the Marches, and hundreds of pardons and restorations of property were made in the first year of the new king's reign. Rich estates and offices

pos: Second War of Scottish Independence released the then-captive David II in return for a pledge of 100,000 merks. The First War began when the English invaded Scotland in 1296, forcing the Scottish King John Balliol to abdicate, and ended shortly after Edward II of England was deposed and killed in 1327. Following Edward II's death, Robert the Bruce invaded Northern England and, on 1 May 1328, forced the adolescent Edward III of England to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton which recognised the independence of Scotland with Bruce as King. To further seal the peace, Robert's very young son and heir David married Joan, the likewise

pos: Maud of Lancaster, Countess of Ulster 1 May 1327. Maud went to live in Ireland with her husband. Together they had one daughter who was born at Carrickfergus Castle in Belfast: In June 1333, Maud's husband was murdered, near Carrickfergus. After his murder, which sparked a civil war in Ireland, Maud fled to England with her infant daughter, who was the "suo jure" Countess of Ulster, and they lived at the court of King Edward III with the royal family. Due to her knowledge of Irish affairs she had considerable influence in the appointment of Irish officials. Maud married her second husband, Sir Ralph de Ufford,

pos: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster captured the king at Neath in South Wales. He was appointed to take charge of the king and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle. Henry was appointed "chief advisor" for the new king Edward III of England, and was also appointed captain-general of all the king's forces in the Scottish Marches. He was appointed Constable of Lancaster Castle and High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1327. He also helped the young king to put an end to Mortimer's regency and tyranny, also had him declared a traitor and executed in 1330. In about the year 1330, he became blind.

pos: Hallmark (92.5% pure silver) and must be assayed in this regard by 'guardians of the craft' who would then mark the item with a leopard's head. In 1327 King Edward III of England granted a charter to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (more commonly known as the Goldsmiths' Company), marking the beginning of the Company's formal existence. This entity was headquartered in London at Goldsmiths' Hall, from whence the English term "hallmark" is derived. (In the UK the use of the term "hallmark" was first recorded in this sense in 1721 and in the more general sense as a "mark of

pos: Le Quesnoy The couple lived in Le Quesnoy frequently. The count in 1314, improved and strengthened the fortifications and, in 1318, in order to promote trade, he allowed wealthy Lombard bankers to settle in the town. In 1327 Philippa of Hainault, his was asked for her hand in marriage by King Edward III of England: the marriage was celebrated in 1328 in York, (England). At that time, William of Hainault had an excellent relationship with Flanders, England and France. In 1337, William II "the Hardy", succeeded his father as Count of Hainault. The Hundred Years War began and being a vassal state

pos: First War of Scottish Independence Two similar declarations were also sent by the clergy and Robert I. In 1327, Edward II of England was deposed and killed. The invasion of the North of England by Robert the Bruce forced Edward III of England to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton on 1 May 1328, which recognised the independence of Scotland with Bruce as King. To further seal the peace, Robert's son and heir David married the sister of Edward III. First War of Scottish Independence The First War of Scottish Independence was the initial chapter of engagements in a series of warring periods between English and

pos: Henry Burghersh Burghersh's lands were seized by Edward II, and the pope was urged to deprive him; about 1326, however, his possessions were restored, a proceeding which did not prevent him from joining Edward's queen, Isabella, and taking part in the movement which led to the deposition and murder of the king. Enjoying the favour of the new king, Edward III, the bishop was Lord Treasurer from 1327 to 1328 and then became chancellor of England in 1328; but he failed to secure the archbishopric of Canterbury which became vacant about the same time, and was deprived of his office of chancellor

neg: Bertrand de Déaulx In Italy in 1325 Pope John arranged an alliance with Robert of Lucca and the Guelfs of Italy against Louis. In 1327 Louis marched on Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan. The Romans demanded the return of the Pope to Rome. Pope John received their delegation on 7 July 1327, and told them only that he would send a reply by nuncios. Rome renounced Robert of Sicily's protection as Papal Vicar for all of Italy, refused his Vicar John permission to enter Rome, and received King Louis instead. Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, the Papal Legate in Tuscany,

neg: David II of Scotland de Burgh. He was born on 5 March 1324 at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife. His mother died in 1327, when he was 3 years old. In accordance with the Treaty of Northampton's terms, on 17 July 1328, when he was 4, David was married to 7 year old Joan of the Tower, at Berwick-upon-Tweed. She was the daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France. They had no issue. David became King of Scots upon the death of his father on 7 June 1329, aged 5 years, 3 months, and 3 days. David and his wife were crowned at

neg: Edward II of England Edward II of England Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to the throne following the death of his elder brother Alphonso. Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on campaigns to pacify Scotland, and in 1306 was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Following his father's death, Edward succeeded to the throne in 1307. He married Isabella of France, the daughter of the powerful King Philip

neg: Reynolds (surname) forfeited but Sir Richard's son recovered the lands. This distinguished west country family also branched to other locations in England, mostly under the name Reynolds; for example, Walter Reynolds (died 1327) was the son of a Windsor baker, who became the favourite of King Edward II and Archbishop of Canterbury (1313–1327). During the 12th century many of these Norman families moved north to Scotland in the train of the Earl of Huntingdon, later to become King David of Scotland. In Ireland, settlers became known as the "Adventurers for land." They "undertook" to keep the Protestant faith, and were granted lands

neg: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor administer Germany as King of the Romans, while Louis would be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in Italy. However, after Leopold's death in 1326, Frederick withdrew from the regency of the Empire and returned to rule only Austria. He died on 13 January 1330. Despite Louis' victory, Pope John XXII still refused to ratify his election, and in 1324 he excommunicated Louis, but the sanction had less effect than in earlier disputes between emperors and the papacy. After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. Already

neg: William de Monte Alto (d.1327) heritable position of Sheriff of Cromarty. He appears to have sided with Robert de Brus in 1306 and was a signatory of the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320. He died in 1327 during the Scottish siege of Norham Castle. He was succeeded by his son William. William de Monte Alto (d.1327) Sir William de Monte Alto of Ferne, also known as William de Mohaut (d.1327) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble. William was the son of Roger de Monte Alto. In 1296, William pledged homage to King Edward I of England at Inverness and his seal is appended to the

neg: Marsilius of Padua and state separation. In 1326, Marsilius accompanied Louis to Italy, where he preached or circulated written attacks against the pope. The Lord of Milan Galeazzo I Visconti, suspected of conspiring with John XXII, was deposed and Louis was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. In January 1328 Louis entered Rome and had himself crowned emperor by the aged senator Sciarra Colonna, called "captain of the Roman people". Three months later, Louis published a decree declaring "Jacque de Cahors"—Pope John XXII—deposed on grounds of heresy. He then installed the Franciscan Pietro Rainalducci as Nicholas V. Nicholas was deposed upon

neg: Declaration of Rhense of anathema and interdict by the pope against the king and all his supporters in 1324. King Louis, no longer contested in Germany, now was able to campaign Italy, where he obtained the Iron Crown of Lombardy in 1327, while the papal regent Robert of Naples was deposed. One year later he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor per acclamation by the "people of Rome" under the Ghibelline leader Sciarra Colonna without any participation of the pope. Thereafter he nominated Antipope Nicholas V to receive consecration from him. Nevertheless, the political situation in Italy changed again in favour of the House

neg: Parliament of 1327 then returned to Westminster in the afternoon, and the lords formally acknowledged that Edward II was no longer to be King. Several orations were made. Mortimer, speaking on behalf of the lords, announced their decision. Edward II, he proclaimed, would abdicate and "...Sir Edward ... should have the government of the realm and be crowned king". The French chronicler Jean Le Bel described how the lords proceeded to document Edward II's "ill-advised deeds and actions" to create a legal record which was duly presented to parliament. This record declared "such a man was unfit ever to wear the crown or

neg: Drugeth family the Kingdom of Hungary was Philip Druget () (cca. 1288-1327) who accompanied the future King Charles I from the Kingdom of Naples to Hungary in 1300. He took part in the king's military campaigns against his opponents and the rebelling aristocrats. He led the king's armies, in 1317, against the rebellious Peter, son of Petenye (who possessed several castles in Zemplén county) and in 1320, against Matthew III Csák. He was the head "(ispán)" of the Counties Szepes (1315–1327), Abaúj (1317–1327), Gömör and Torna (1320–1327). Philipp was the Master of the Queen's Treasury "(királynéi tárnokmester)" between 1321 and 1327, when

neg: Robert Baldock trials and executions, Baldock was a clergyman, and so in February 1327 was sent to London for trial by fellow clergy. He was placed under house arrest at Hereford Palace (the Bishop of Hereford's London residence). A mob broke into the house, severely beat him, and threw him into Newgate Prison, where he was murdered by some of the inmates. Robert Baldock Robert Baldock (or de Baldock; died 28 May 1327) was the Lord Privy Seal and Lord Chancellor of England, during the reign of King Edward II of England. Baldock was archdeacon of Middlesex when he was named Controller

neg: William de Monte Alto (d.1327) William de Monte Alto (d.1327) Sir William de Monte Alto of Ferne, also known as William de Mohaut (d.1327) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble. William was the son of Roger de Monte Alto. In 1296, William pledged homage to King Edward I of England at Inverness and his seal is appended to the Ragman Roll. William held Cromarty Castle on behalf of the Scots, as Constable and sheriff, from 1297 until 1304, when he surrendered the castle to the English. He pledged homage again to Edward I in 1304 at St Andrews. By 1305, William was given back the

neg: Gradislav Vojšić was crowned King. Stefan Uroš III invaded Zeta after Konstantin refused to submit the throne to him, and killed Konstantin during the ensuing war. Next, Đuraš Ilijić served Stefan Uroš III as "čelnik" (mentioned in 1326). The next year, Gradislav is mentioned as serving as "čelnik" under Stefan Uroš III. In 1327, the hegumen of the Hilandar Monastery, Gervasije, arrived at the court of King Stefan Uroš III, because of a quarrel regarding the boundaries between the "metochion" (church-dependent territory) of Hilandar and the county of the Hardomilić brothers Dmitar and Borislav ("tepčija" Hardomil's sons); the latter had taken a

neg: Lordship of Meath received the lordship from Joan's grandfather, he had only just come of age. For six of the following twelve years (1308–09, 1310–13, 1315, 1317–18, 1319–20), Roger resided in Ireland, establishing his lordship against his wife's relatives, the de Lacys of Rathwire. In November 1316, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Following his rebellion against King Edward II of England in 1321–22, all his lands in England and Ireland were forfeited. However, the King was forced to abdicate on 24 January 1327 leaving the government in the hands of Queen Isabella and Mortimer who acted as regents for the Edward

neg: Tom Canty to be crowned King. Tom was about to be crowned king when Edward comes in and proves that he is the rightful King by knowing where the Great Seal of England was, hiding it just after they had switched clothes. Edward is crowned King Edward VI of England, and names Tom his royal ward. The end of the book mentions that Tom lived to be a very old man, whereas Edward tragically died at the age of 15. Tom Canty Thomas "Tom" Canty is a fictitious character from Mark Twain's novel "The Prince and the Pauper." He was born the

neg: Coronation of the British monarch two coronations; as king of England in London in 1429, and as king of France in Paris in 1431. Coronations may be performed for a person other than the reigning monarch. In 1170, Henry the Young King, heir apparent to the throne, was crowned as a second king of England, subordinate to his father Henry II; such coronations were common practice in mediaeval France and Germany, but this is only one of two instances of its kind in England (the other being that of Ecgfrith of Mercia in 796, crowned whilst his father, Offa of Mercia, was still alive). More

neg: Harold, son of Harold Godwinson Harold, son of Harold Godwinson Harold ( 1067 – 1098) was a son of Harold Godwinson, King of England. He was driven into exile by the Norman conquest of England, and found refuge at the court of the king of Norway. Harold's family was one of the most powerful in Anglo-Saxon England: his paternal grandfather was Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and his father was Harold Godwinson, who inherited the same title and was crowned king of England at the beginning of 1066. Harold Godwinson's first wife, whom he married in a form of ceremony not recognized by the church, was

neg: Walter Reynolds Walter Reynolds Walter Reynolds (died 1327) was Bishop of Worcester and then Archbishop of Canterbury (1313–1327) as well as Lord High Treasurer and Lord Chancellor. Reynolds was the son of a baker from Windsor in Berkshire, and became a clerk, or chaplain, in the service of Edward I. Reynolds held several livings and, owing perhaps to his acting skill, he became a prime favourite with the prince of Wales, afterwards Edward II, whom he served as Keeper of the Great Wardrobe. Just after the prince became king, on 22 August 1307 Reynolds was appointed Treasurer of England. On 13 November

neg: Aufrica de Connoght evidence of such a union. In any case, Simon later sought to seize control of the island, and in so doing incurred the wrath of Edward II, King of England (died 1327), who pardoned Simon for his actions against the island in 1313. Later in the century, Simon's grandson, William de Montagu, Earl of Salisbury (died 1344), inherited Simon's rights to Mann. Aufrica was not the only contemporary claimant to Mann. In 1305, the claims of a Maria, daughter of Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson, King of Mann and the Isles (died 1249), were pursued by her grandson, John Waldeboef. Aufrica de Connoght

neg: Coronation of the French monarch born King of France but lived for only a few days. On December 16, 1431, Henry VI of England was crowned as "King of France" in the Notre Dame de Paris, according to a ritual similar to that established by his great-grandfather Charles V of France. This was an attempt to counter the coronation of Henry's uncle and rival, Charles VII of France, who had been crowned at Reims in 1429. On February 27, 1594, in the Chartres Cathedral, Henry of Navarre was anointed King of France as Henry IV. Reims was then held by his enemies, the House of

neg: Blanche of Brittany Couvent des Jacobins in Paris. Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany (1271–1327) was a daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany, and his wife Beatrice of England. She is also known as Blanche de Dreux. Through her mother she was the granddaughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. Blanche was married in Paris sometime after November 1281 to Philip of Artois, who was the son of Robert II of Artois and Amice de Courtenay. The couple had seven children, they were: Blanche's husband served under his father at the Battle of Furnes, where he was wounded.

neg: Parliament of 1327 and William Trussell. All were united by hatred of the Despensers. Isabella portrayed her and Prince Edward as seeking refuge from her husband and his court, both of whom she claimed were hostile to her, and claimed protection from Edward II. King Charles refused to countenance an invasion of England; instead, the rebels gained the Count of Hainaut's backing. In return, Isabella agreed that the Prince would marry the Count's daughter, Philippa of Hainault. This was a further insult to the English King, who had intended to use his eldest son's marriage as a bargaining tool against France, probably intending

neg: Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany (1271–1327) was a daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany, and his wife Beatrice of England. She is also known as Blanche de Dreux. Through her mother she was the granddaughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. Blanche was married in Paris sometime after November 1281 to Philip of Artois, who was the son of Robert II of Artois and Amice de Courtenay. The couple had seven children, they were: Blanche's husband served under his father at the Battle of Furnes, where he was wounded. He never recovered, and died

neg: Parliament of 1327 the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 to summon Welsh representatives. They never took their seats, having been deliberately summoned too late to attend, because South Wales supported Edward, and North Wales was equally opposed to Mortimer. The 1327 parliament also provided almost the same list of attendees for the next five years of parliaments. Christopher Marlowe was the first to dramatise the life and death of Edward II, with his 1592 play Edward II (or "The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer"). Marlowe emphasises the

neg: Roman Catholic Diocese of Castello the diocese from that date. Bishop Jacopo Albertini (1311–1329) supported Louis of Bavaria, whom he crowned as King of Italy in 1327, and was therefore deposed. Under Bishop Nicolo' Morosini (1336–1367) the dispute between the clergy and Government concerning the mortuary tithes was settled. This dispute flared up again under Bishop Paolo Foscari (1367–1375) and was ended only in 1376. During the Western Schism (1378 to 1418) Venice always adhered to the Roman papal candidate. Around 1418 Bishop Marco Lando (1417–1426) proscribed elements of the Gregorian Rite in conformance with Rome. On 8 October 1451 the diocese was suppressed and

neg: Roger Scrope, 2nd Baron Scrope of Bolton Roger Scrope, 2nd Baron Scrope of Bolton Roger Scrope, 2nd Baron Scrope of Bolton was a member of the English peerage in the late fourteenth century. He was the second son of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton ("c". 1327–1403) and Blanche de la Pole (sister of the earl of Suffolk). Roger Scrope's elder brother, his father's heir, had been beheaded for treason by the newly crowned King Henry IV in 1399, making Roger his father's heir. Roger Scrope was probably born prior to 1370, and had been knighted 1385, whilst he was deputy governor of Mann. He

neg: Dual monarchy of England and France of his French regency council, while the Dauphin ruled as King of France in part of the realm south of the Loire. The Dauphin was crowned as King Charles VII of France at Reims on 17 July 1429, largely through the martial efforts of Joan of Arc, who believed it was her mission to free France from the English and to have the Dauphin Charles crowned at Reims. In 1435, the Duke of Burgundy, released from his obligations to Henry VI by a papal legate, recognised Charles VII as the rightful king of France. The defection of this powerful French

neg: Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 however, and Syrgiannes was sentenced to life imprisonment. On 2 February 1325, Andronikos III was formally crowned as co-emperor by his grandfather. Although there was little fighting during this conflict, the effects had a major impact on the empire: constant troop movements from levied peasants reduced agricultural production and trade was severely interrupted. In February 1327 a new conflict occurred between Andronikos III Palaiologos and his grandfather Andronikos II Palaiologos, but this time the Balkan countries were involved in war. On Andronikos II Palaiologos' side stood the Serbian king Stefan Decanski and on the other's Bulgarian emperor Michael Shishman, as

neg: Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 August 1338), was the fifth son of King Edward I of England (1272–1307), and the eldest child by his second wife, Margaret of France, the daughter of King Philip III of France. He was, therefore, a younger half-brother of King Edward II (1307–1327) and a full brother of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent. He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England. Thomas of Brotherton was born 1 June 1300 at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his

neg: Edward II of England formally ended Edward's reign. A proclamation was sent to London, announcing that Edward, now known just as Edward of Caernarvon, had freely resigned his kingdom and that Prince Edward would succeed him. The coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 2 February 1327. Those opposed to the new government began to make plans to free Edward, and Roger Mortimer decided to move Edward to the more secure location of Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, where the former King arrived around 5 April 1327. Once at the castle, Edward was kept in the custody of Mortimer's son-in-law, Thomas Berkeley, and John Maltravers,

neg: Robert II of Scotland a prisoner. Despite this, resistance to the English led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray had emerged in the name of King John Balliol. On their deaths, Robert the Bruce continued to resist the English and eventually succeeded in defeating the forces of Edward II of England and gained the Scottish throne for himself. David Bruce, aged five, became king on 7 June 1329 on the death of his father Robert. Walter the Steward had died earlier on 9 April 1327, and the orphaned eleven-year-old Robert was placed under the guardianship of his uncle, Sir James Stewart of Durrisdeer, who

neg: Crowned Heads Crowned Heads Crowned Heads is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States in "The Argosy" in June 1914 and then in the United Kingdom in "Pearson's Magazine" in April 1915. It was also included in the collection "The Man with Two Left Feet" published in the UK in 1917. A young but unattractive girl, Kate Bennett, meets a young and attractive man, Ted Brady, who falls in love with her and proposes to her. However her grandfather, Matthew Bennett, who lives under illusion that he is the King of England, objects to their marriage.

neg: History of Hertfordshire of the Norse in England, including women and children. One of those executed was Gunhilde, the sister of King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark. He invaded England next year in retaliation. Forkbeard's assault on England lasted ten years, until 1013, when Æthelred fled to the continent. Forkbeard was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, but only reigned for five weeks before dying. Æthelred returned briefly and unsuccessfully until 1016, at which time he was succeeded by Forkbeard's son Knut, who granted the Royal Manor of Hitchin to his second in command, Earl Tovi. After the Norman Invasion, Edgar the Ætheling

neg: Ulf, son of Harold Godwinson Ulf, son of Harold Godwinson Ulf or Wulf ( 1067 – 1087) was a son of Harold Godwinson, King of England. He was captured during the course of the Norman conquest of England, and imprisoned in Normandy, being released only at the death of William the Conqueror. Ulf's family was one of the most powerful in Anglo-Saxon England: his paternal grandfather was Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and his father was Harold Godwinson, who inherited the same title and was crowned king of England at the beginning of 1066. Harold's first wife, whom he married in a form of ceremony not

neg: Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormonde upkeep of Eleanor and her younger cousin, Joan Gaveston. Eleanor was married twice; first in 1327 to James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond, (son of Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick and Lady Joan FitzGerald) who died in 1337 and secondly, six years later in 1343, to Thomas de Dagworth, Lord Dagworth who was killed in an ambush in Brittany in 1352. By her first marriage, Eleanor was an ancestress of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr, Queens consort of King Henry VIII of England. Other descendants include the Dukes of Beaufort, Newcastle, Norfolk, Earls of Ormond, Desmond, Shrewsbury, Dorset, Rochester, Sandwich,

neg: Bath and North East Somerset monastic house at Bath, probably using the walled area as its precinct. King Offa of Mercia gained control of this monastery in 781 and rebuilt the church, which was dedicated to St. Peter. In the ninth century the old Roman street pattern had been lost and it had become a royal possession, with King Alfred laying out the town afresh, leaving its south-eastern quadrant as the abbey precinct. Edgar of England was crowned king of England in Bath Abbey in 973. King William Rufus granted the city to a royal physician, John of Tours, who became Bishop of Wells and

neg: Hardomil Hardomil Hardomil (; d. before 1327) was a Serbian nobleman that served king Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), with the title of "tepčija". He was mentioned as deceased in 1327, in a litigation between his sons' estates and Hilandar. His sons inherited notable land property, which evidents his social status and property state, but not his jurisdiction. The judgement established that his sons, Dmitar and Borislav (called the Hardomilić brothers in historiography), had unlawfully used Hilandar's property, and thus the property was returned to Hilandar. Hardomil was succeeded by Vladoje ( 1326), who served king Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–31) as "tepčija".

neg: Crown of Tonga time, Tonga also adopted a national flag, a coat-of-arms and a national anthem. The first king to be crowned with the historic crown was King George Tupou II, the great-grandson and successor Tupou. Tupou II was crowned on 17 March 1893. His daughter and successor Queen Sālote Tupou III was crowned on 11 October 1918. Queen Sālote was succeeded by her eldest son, who became King Tāufa'āhau Tupou IV. He was crowned on his 49th birthday, 4 July 1967. King Tāufa'āhau was succeed by his eldest son, who became King George Tupou V. He was crowned on 1 August 2008.

neg: Dungal MacDouall Dungal MacDouall Dungal MacDouall (died before 1327/1328) was a fourteenth-century Scottish nobleman, and a member of the MacDouall family. He was a vigorous opponent of Robert I, King of Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence, and was knighted by Edward I, King of England for his services to the English Crown. Dungal was a close associate of John MacDougall, Lord of Argyll, and received grants of lands in England and Ireland after losing his own Scottish lands. During his career he commanded Dumfries Castle and Rushen Castle against seiges, and is described by a contemporary record as "Captain

neg: Henry V of England accession, he inherited use of the arms of the kingdom undifferenced. In 1420 Henry V married Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI of France and younger sister of the widow of Richard II, Isabella of Valois (who died several years after her husband). Her dowry, upon the agreement between the two kingdoms, was 600,000 crowns. Together the couple had one child, Henry. Upon Henry V's death, the infant Prince was made king and was crowned Henry VI of England. Henry V of England Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King

neg: Beatrice of England in England. At a time when Simon de Montfort wanted to strip the king of some of his power to give more say to the barons, it was necessary for Henry to strengthen his rule via family marriages to useful people. His first daughter had married the King of Scotland, and Beatrice's marriage to John II, who controlled the Earldom of Richmond, gave Henry an additional source of power. Moreover, a substantial number of French nobles came to England and could be appointed to political positions. When Henry was crowned, very few areas within the Angevin empire (comprising Gascony, Béarn,

neg: Parliament of 1327 official documents, this was only with alongside his "most beloved consort Isabella queen of England" and his "firstborn son keeper of the kingdom", in what Phil Bradford called as a "nominal presidency". King Edward was said to be abroad when in reality he was imprisoned in Kenilworth Castle. It was maintained that he desired a ""colloquium"" and a ""tractatum"" (conference and consultation) with his lords "upon various affairs touching himself and the state of his kingdom", hence the holding of parliament. Supposedly it was Edward II himself who postponed the first sitting until January, "for certain necessary causes and utilities",

neg: Elizabeth de Burgh recent non-payment of this sum by the government was challenged and settled to the village's favour. Elizabeth de Burgh Elizabeth de Burgh (c. 1284 – 27 October 1327) was the second wife and the only queen consort of King Robert the Bruce. Elizabeth was born sometime around 1284, probably in Down or Antrim in Ireland. She was the daughter of one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the period, Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, who was a close friend and ally of Edward I of England. Not much is known about Elizabeth, despite her husband's status

neg: John Nangle, 16th Baron of Navan 1513. Along with nearly all the Irish nobility, Lord Navan joined with Kildare in 1487 in declaring that the pretender Lambert Simnel was the rightful King of England. Simnel was crowned in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin and invaded England with a largely Irish army, but was crushed at the Battle of Stoke Field. The victorious King Henry VII showed remarkable clemency by pardoning almost all of the surviving rebels, including Navan, as well as Simnel himself, who was given a job in the royal household. In 1488 Sir Richard Edgcumbe accepted Navan's pledge of homage and fealty to King Henry.

neg: Elizabeth de Burgh Elizabeth de Burgh Elizabeth de Burgh (c. 1284 – 27 October 1327) was the second wife and the only queen consort of King Robert the Bruce. Elizabeth was born sometime around 1284, probably in Down or Antrim in Ireland. She was the daughter of one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the period, Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, who was a close friend and ally of Edward I of England. Not much is known about Elizabeth, despite her husband's status as one of the most famous Scottish kings and warriors. As is the case with most

neg: Henry VI of England the Council. From 1428, Henry's tutor was Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, whose father had been instrumental in the opposition to Richard II's reign. Henry's half-brothers, Edmund and Jasper, the sons of his widowed mother and Owen Tudor, were later given earldoms. Edmund Tudor was the father of Henry Tudor, who later became Henry VII. In reaction to Charles VII's coronation as French King in Reims Cathedral on 17 July 1429, Henry was soon crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey on 6 November 1429, followed by his own coronation as King of France at Notre Dame de Paris

neg: Siege of Compiègne April. Philip the Good departed from Péronne on 22 April. Meanwhile, the Duke of Bedford was waiting at Calais for the arrival of King Henry VI of England, a nine-year-old boy who had recently been crowned king of England. According to Régine Pernoud and Marie-Veronique Clin, Philip the Good planned to retake command of the cities that controlled the Oise river. Bedford supported the strategy in order to protect Île-de-France and Paris, which was then under Anglo-Burgundian control. King Charles VII of France realized on 6 May that military defense was necessary to protect the town. Joan of Arc had

neg: Ælfric Puttoc John XIX. He was the first archbishop of York to travel to Rome for their pallium, all other palliums held by the archbishops previous to this having been sent to York. During King Cnut of England's reign, Ælfric received the manor of Patrington in Holderness from the king and his wife Emma of Normandy. In 1036 he may have been the bishop who crowned Harold Harefoot king of England, since the Archbishop of Canterbury of the time was Æthelnoth, who supported Harold's rival Harthacnut. However, when Harthacnut became king, Ælfric became a supporter of Harthacnut. During Harthacnut's reign, Ælfric was

neg: Henry II of England daughter of Henry I, King of England and Duke of Normandy. She was born into a powerful ruling class of Normans, who traditionally owned extensive estates in both England and Normandy, and her first husband had been the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. After her father's death in 1135, Matilda hoped to claim the English throne, but instead her cousin Stephen of Blois was crowned king and recognised as the Duke of Normandy, resulting in civil war between their rival supporters. Geoffrey took advantage of the confusion to attack the Duchy of Normandy but played no direct role in the

neg: The Prince and the Pauper including a stint in prison, Edward interrupts the coronation as Tom is about to be crowned as King. The nobles are shocked at their resemblance, and refuse to believe that Edward is the rightful King wearing Tom's clothes until he produces the Great Seal of England that he hid before leaving the palace. Edward and Tom switch back to their original places and Edward is crowned King Edward VI of England. Miles is rewarded with the rank of Earl and the family right to sit in the presence of the King. In gratitude for supporting the new King's claim to

neg: Robert Baldock Robert Baldock Robert Baldock (or de Baldock; died 28 May 1327) was the Lord Privy Seal and Lord Chancellor of England, during the reign of King Edward II of England. Baldock was archdeacon of Middlesex when he was named Controller of the Wardrobe and Lord Privy Seal on 27 January 1320 and then Prebend of Aylesbury in August 1320. He remained Lord Privy Seal until 8 July 1323, before being named Lord Chancellor of England on 20 August 1323. Baldock was elected Bishop of Norwich on 23 July 1325, but before consecration resigned the office on 3 September 1325 to

neg: Early thermal weapons siege technology. Fire was the easiest way of harrying and destroying territories, and could be done easily and quickly by small forces. It was a strategy put to good use by the Scots during the Wars of Independence; they repeatedly launched raids into northern England, burning much of the countryside until the whole region was transformed. King Edward II of England pursued one raiding party in 1327 by following the lights of burning villages. The tactics were replicated by England during the Hundred Years' War; fire became their chief weapon as they laid waste to the French countryside during lightning

neg: History of Dundee the Castle at Dundee at the outbreak of the First War of Independence in 1296 but the castle retaken by siege by the forces of William Wallace in 1297, immediately prior to the Battle of Stirling Bridge. From 1303 to 1312 the city was again occupied. Edward's removal resulted in the complete destruction of the Castle by Robert the Bruce, who had been proclaimed King of Scots at nearby Scone in 1306. In 1327, the Bruce granted the royal burgh a new charter. Later in the 14th century, during the conflict between England and France known as the Hundred Years'

neg: Llywelyn Bren of Edward II, the estates in Senghenydd were restored (11 Feb. 1327) to Llywelyn Bren's sons—Gruffydd, John, Meurig, Roger, William and Llywelyn. The Earls of Hereford continued to pay at Brecon an allowance to their mother Lleucu until 12 April 1349. Llywelyn Bren Llywelyn Bren (died 1318), or Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ap Rhys or Llywelyn of the Woods (English), was a nobleman who led a revolt in Wales during the reign of King Edward II of England in 1316. The revolt would be the last serious challenge to English rule in Wales until the attempts of Owain Lawgoch to invade

neg: Maud of Lancaster, Countess of Ulster and four younger sisters, Joan, Baroness Mowbray, Isabel of Lancaster, prioress of Amesbury, Eleanor, Countess of Arundel, and Mary, Baroness Percy. Her only brother was Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. His daughter was Blanche of Lancaster, who would in 1359 become the first wife of John of Gaunt, and in 1367 the mother of the future King Henry IV of England. Maud's mother died in 1322, when Maud was twelve years old. In 1327, Maud married her first husband, William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster. The couple received a papal dispensation for their marriage, which was dated

neg: Henry the Young King Henry the Young King Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183), was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine. Henry the Young King was the only King of England since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but spent his reign frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him meaningful autonomous power. He died aged 28, six years before his father, leaving his brother Richard to become the next king.

neg: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster (c. 1281 – 22 September 1345) was a grandson of King Henry III (1216–1272) of England and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307–1327), his first cousin. He was the younger son of Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester, a son of King Henry III by his wife Eleanor of Provence. Henry's mother was Blanche of Artois, Queen Dowager of Navarre. Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to

neg: Crown of the Rose a crowned shield with the arms of England and France and either blank or the crowned letters "hK" (for Henry and Katherine, referring to Katherine of Aragon or possibly on later coins Katherine Howard), "hA" (for Anne Boleyn), "hI" (for Jane Seymour) or "hR" (Henry Rex). Legend: meaning "By the Grace of God, King of England [and] France, Lord of Ireland. Depicts a large crowned rose with the crowned letters "hK", "hA", "hI" or "hR" as on the obverse, but not necessarily the same. Legend: meaning "Henry VIII, a dazzling rose without a thorn." There was also a Half-crown struck,

neg: Vukdrag the territorial contours of the Serbian state north of Rudnik at the end of the 13th- and beginning of 14th century. The largest medieval necropolis in Serbia was unearthed around the church, with flat gravestones (more than 180 slabs) belonging to the oldest phase of the Stećak culture. Vukdrag Vukdrag (; d. 1327) was a Serbian nobleman who served King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–31) as "čelnik". He was a magnate in the Rudnik mountain area, who founded (as the "ktetor") the Raška style church in Dići (near Ljig, central Serbia), below the Rudnik, before 1327, most likely as a family

neg: Vukdrag Vukdrag Vukdrag (; d. 1327) was a Serbian nobleman who served King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–31) as "čelnik". He was a magnate in the Rudnik mountain area, who founded (as the "ktetor") the Raška style church in Dići (near Ljig, central Serbia), below the Rudnik, before 1327, most likely as a family temple. He must have had one of the important gubernatorial functions in the Rudnik "oblast" (province) during the reigns of kings Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321) and Stefan Dečanski. Unknown in historical sources, he was buried in his church, where his gravestone inscription tells that he died on 8

neg: Clan MacDuff Clan MacDuff". The law protected all murderers within ninth degree of kin to the Earl of Fife, as they could claim sanctuary at the Cross of MacDuff near Abernethy, and could find remission by paying compensation to the victim's family. The chiefs of the clan had the right to enthrone the King on the Stone of Scone. When the Stone of Scone was taken to England by Edward I of England, Robert I of Scotland had himself crowned King of Scots a second time, in order to be crowned by a member of clan MacDuff, in that case the Earl

neg: History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom God and the common counsel of the barons of the whole kingdom of England I have been crowned king of said kingdom"". This represented a step away from absolute rule; the king had recognised that the right to rule came not only from God but also from the common counsel of the barons. King John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 to 1216. He was the youngest brother of Richard I. His reign was fraught with conflicts; there was conflict between England and France, between England and the Pope and between the King

neg: William the Conqueror powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, who was named the next king by Edward on the latter's deathbed in January 1066. William argued that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support William's claim. William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066, decisively defeating and killing Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts William was crowned king on Christmas Day 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but by

neg: James II of Aragon James II of Aragon James II (10 April 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily (as James I) from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by conquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon,

neg: Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar Antonia Gransden comments: "In their patronage of the monks both Cnut and Edward the Confessor were supported by their queens, Emma and Edith, who were worthy successors of Edgar's queen, Ælfthryth, as patronesses of the religious." She died at Wherwell on 17 November 999, 1000 or 1001. Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar Ælfthryth ( – 1000 or 1001, also Alfrida, Elfrida or Elfthryth) was an English queen, the second or third wife of King Edgar of England. Ælfthryth was the first king's wife known to have been crowned and anointed as Queen of the Kingdom of England. Mother of King Æthelred

neg: Elizabeth le Despenser, Baroness Berkeley Baroness Berkeley died on 13 July 1389. She was buried at St Botolph's Aldgate, London, England. Elizabeth le Despenser, Baroness Berkeley Elizabeth le Despenser (c. 1327 – 13 July 1389) was an English noblewoman. She was the youngest daughter of Hugh le Despenser the younger and his wife Eleanor de Clare. Her father is famous for being the favourite of Edward II of England, and being executed as a result of his position and actions. Through her mother, Elizabeth was a great granddaughter of King Edward I of England. The exact date of her birth is disputed; it is possible

neg: Matilda of Boulogne rushed to England, taking advantage of Boulogne's control of the closest seaports, and was crowned king, beating his rival, the Empress Matilda. Matilda of Boulogne was heavily pregnant at that time and crossed the Channel after giving birth to a son, Eustace, who would one day succeed her as count of Boulogne. Matilda was crowned queen at Easter, on 22 March 1136. Matilda was a supporter of the Knights Templar. She founded Cressing Temple in Essex in 1137 and Temple Cowley in Oxford in 1139. Like her predecessor, Matilda of Scotland, she had a close relationship with the Holy Trinity

neg: King James VI Golf Club The club takes its name from the tradition that King James VI of Scotland (1566–1625), who was later crowned King James I of England and Ireland, had as a boy learned to play golf on Perth's Inches ("inch" from the Gaelic "innse" meaning island). Golf was played on both Inches to begin with, but players began to favour the North Inch, and by about 1850 no-one played golf on the South Inch. The King James VI Golf Club was established in 1858. In 1860, what is believed to be the first inter-club golf match ever played took place when "King

neg: Edward I of England a hard-hearted tyrant. Edward married twice: By his first wife Eleanor of Castile, Edward had at least fourteen children, perhaps as many as sixteen. Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one son outlived his father, King Edward II (1307–1327). He was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston. Edward's children with Eleanor were: By Margaret of France Edward had two sons, both of whom lived into adulthood, and a daughter who died as a

neg: Eoghan Ó Madadhan Eoghan Ó Madadhan Eoghan Ó Madadhan, Chief of Síol Anmchadha, fl. 1314-1347. Eoghan was one of the four sons of Murchad of Magh Bealaigh, who was Chief from 1286 to 1327. Murchad married Marcella, daughter of Eoghan Ó Cellaigh. In 1327 "He resigned his chieftainship of his own accord and went away from Royal Rule to Rome, to resign his soul to the Supreme King, and his body to the cemetery of Saint Peter in the chief city." In 1314 he led the Maddens in concert with the Ui Maine under Tadhg Ó Cellaigh who were allied with Murtough O

neg: Ealdred (archbishop of York) He helped secure the election of Wulfstan as his successor at Worcester. During his archiepiscopate, he built and embellished churches in his diocese, and worked to improve his clergy by holding a synod which published regulations for the priesthood. Some sources state that following King Edward the Confessor's death in 1066, it was Ealdred who crowned Harold Godwinson as King of England. Ealdred supported Harold as king, but when Harold was defeated at the Battle of Hastings, Ealdred backed Edgar the Ætheling and then endorsed King William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy and a distant relative of King Edward's.

neg: Berkeley Castle genealogy documentary television series "Who Do You Think You Are?", with American actress Courteney Cox looking into her ancestry. Cox learns that she is a 21-generation direct descendant of Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley and 22-generation descendant of de Berkeley’s father-in-law, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March – also learning of their parts in the murder of King Edward II of England at Berkeley Castle in 1327. Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named "Berkeley Castle" after the castle, as has a Great Western locomotive. Berkeley Castle Berkeley Castle ( ; historically sometimes spelt "Berkley Castle" or