query: when was the house un-american activities committee formed

pos: House Un-American Activities Committee to the House Judiciary Committee. Source: House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, or House Committee on Un-American Activities, or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. The HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Fascist or Communist ties. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security". When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee. The committee's anti-communist

pos: House Un-American Activities Committee House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, or House Committee on Un-American Activities, or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. The HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Fascist or Communist ties. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security". When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee. The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with those

pos: McCarthyism most important component of the anti-communist crusade" and writes: "Had observers known in the 1950s what they have learned since the 1970s, when the Freedom of Information Act opened the Bureau's files, 'McCarthyism' would probably be called 'Hooverism'." The House Committee on Un-American Activities – commonly referred to as the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) – was the most prominent and active government committee involved in anti-Communist investigations. Formed in 1938 and known as the Dies Committee for Rep. Martin Dies, who chaired it until 1944, HUAC investigated a variety of "activities," including those of German-American Nazis during World War

pos: Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) recreational policies, at a time when racial segregation of public facilities was law throughout the Southern states and in some other states. During this time, Marshall continued to financially support The Wilderness Society, as well as various civil rights, labor, and socialist organizations. In August 1938, Marshall began his last trip to Alaska, which included further exploration of the Brooks Range. He became a subject of interest of the House Un-American Activities Committee, a House of Representatives committee investigating "un-American" activities. Known as the Dies Committee for its chairman, Martin Dies, the committee announced in "The New York Times" that

pos: House Un-American Activities Committee confirmed some details of the accusations. It has been reported that while Dickstein served on this committee and the subsequent Special investigation Committee, he was paid $1,250 a month by the Soviet NKVD, which hoped to get secret congressional information on anti-communists and pro-fascists. It is unclear whether he actually passed on any information. On May 26, 1938, the House Committee on Un-American Activities was established as a special investigating committee, reorganized from its previous incarnations as the Fish Committee and the McCormack-Dickstein Committee, to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and

pos: Ben Gold CIO, was a strong anti-communist. In late January 1938, Lewis publicly announced that he would pursue a policy barring communists from membership in the CIO. Moderates within the IFWU denounced Gold for using "Hitler methods" to retain power, and pleaded with Lewis to intervene. In May 1938, the U.S. House of Representatives established the House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities as a successor to the Special Committee on Un-American Activities (which had spent the last three years investigating Nazi Germany's attempts to influence American public opinion). Rep. Martin Dies, Jr. was named chair of the committee, and charged with continuing the

pos: Martin Dies Jr. play a much bigger role in national politics. In 1938, he started as a chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities and remained at its helm until 1944. At ease with newsmen, Dies was frequently in the national media spotlight. Dies along with Samuel Dickstein created the House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities, initially nicknamed the Dies Committee, later becoming HUAC in 1946. Dies was its first chairman, serving for seven years from 1938 to 1944, and declaring a crusade against right-wing and left-wing subversives in the government, and other organizations nationwide. Dies committee mainly targeted communist infiltrators and

pos: Subversion Activities" in Federal law. As related above, members of the Communist Party were supposed by legislators to be subversives, especially between the 1917 Russian Revolution and the 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The House Un-American Activities Committee was formed in 1938 in order to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties. Senator Joseph McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion. The term "McCarthyism", coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's

pos: First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Governor George Howard Earle III of Pennsylvania. When Congress reconvened in 1939, Republicans under Senator Robert Taft formed a conservative coalition with Southern Democrats, virtually ending Roosevelt's ability to get his domestic proposals enacted into law. After the 1938 mid-term elections, the conservative coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats seized control of Congress, bringing an effective end to the New Deal. Roosevelt's 1939 State of the Union Address was the first such address in which the president did not recommend a major new program. Under the leadership of Chairman Martin Dies Jr., the House Un-American Activities Committee held hearings

pos: Leon Trotsky it, he changed his mind. He said, that: In 1938, Trotsky and his supporters founded the Fourth International, which was intended to be a revolutionary and internationalist alternative to the Stalinist Comintern. Towards the end of 1939, Trotsky agreed to go to the United States to appear as a witness before the Dies Committee of the House of Representatives, a forerunner of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Representative Martin Dies, chairman of the committee, demanded the suppression of the American Communist Party. Trotsky intended to use the forum to expose the NKVD's activities against him and his followers. He

pos: Samuel Dickstein (congressman) lost control to Martin Dies Jr.. It has been reported that while Dickstein served on this committee and the subsequent Special investigation Committee, he was paid $1,250 a month by the Soviet NKVD, which hoped to get secret congressional information on anti-communists and pro-fascists. It is unclear whether he actually passed on any information. Later the same committee was renamed the House Committee on Un-American Activities when it shifted attention to Communist organizations and was made a standing committee in 1945. Following the 1938 German takeover of Austria, Dickstein attempted to introduce legislation that would allow unused refugee quotas to

pos: Allen Hoskins his stage name. In a 1950s televised reunion on the "Our Gang" cast, Hoskins explained why he abandoned acting: "I preferred a job that allowed me to eat regular." Hoskins had survived the war but could not find work back in Los Angeles as an actor. To make matters worse, he was then called for questioning by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). HUAC was a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives created in 1938 to investigate possible communist activities in the United States. Many industries were investigated, but it was Hollywood that received the most publicity. A retrospective

pos: Alice Lee Jemison also protested when Roosevelt vetoed the Beiter Bill in June 1935, which would have "restored tribal jurisdiction over fishing and hunting on [Seneca] reservations which had been taken away by the government in the Conservation Act of 1927", which she considered a violation of the Treaty of Canandaigua (1794). In November 1938, she testified before the Dies Committee, forerunner of the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was investigating Communist influence in labor unions, foreign relief services, and government agencies. On behalf of the American Indian Federation (AIF), she testified that nine officials of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its

neg: Max Bedacht whose membership peaked 1946-1974 at 200,000 members. In the mid-1940s, Bedacht appeared under subpoena before the Special Committee on Un-American Activities of the US House of Representatives (or "Dies Committee"). In 1948, Bedacht was expelled from the national CPUSA. In November 1949, Bedacht appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Regarding his activities, he answered when asked: Regarding his expulsion from the CPUSA, he held this exchange: Bedacht was married and had four children, three daughters and a son: Elsie, Edith, Ethel, and Max. His eldest daughter worked for a time in the National Office of the American Communist

neg: California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities (SUAC) was established by the California State Senate under authority of paragraph 12.5 (13) of the Standing Rules Committee of the State Senate. The committee was a subcommittee of the general Research Committee of the California State Senate. SUAC was the California equivalent of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. From 1941 through 1949 the Subcommittee was run by Senator Jack Tenney as the Tenney Committee, notable for its vigorous and ineffective investigations of Communists. The conduct of the hearings in those years "egregiously violated due

neg: Braden v. United States Braden v. United States Braden v. United States, 365 U.S. 431 (1961), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the conviction of the petitioner, Carl Braden, based on his refusal to answer questions posed to him by the House Un-American Activities Committee, did not violate his First Amendment rights and was constitutional. The House Un-American Activities Committee (also called HUAC) was a committee within the United States House of Representatives dedicated to identifying agents of Fascism or Communism, ideologies deemed "un-American". With the end of World War II and the rise of the

neg: American Legion they perceived as anti-American, and the national organization was formally involved in Hollywood's efforts to clear films of such influence. The list of names and organizations the Legion provided to movie studios formed the basis for the Hollywood blacklist, and supported the work of the House Un-American Activities Committee and its predecessors before and during the Cold War. It was unsuccessful in applying pressure to the movie studios when the blacklist began to crumble in the late 1950s. The Legion's political activities were opposed from an early date by organizations like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), which characterized them

neg: Algie D. Brown who had served in the House for the preceding twenty-four years. A second Democrat voted out in the temporary Republican sweep of Caddo Parish was Jasper K. Smith of Vivian. Brown co-sponsored the 1960 bill creating the ten-member Joint Legislative Committee on Un-American Activities, modeled after the United States House Committee on Un-American Activities. The stated purpose of the committee was to investigate "communist and socialist activities" within Louisiana. The bill achieved final approval but only after the Louisiana State Senate amended it to require that the committee act through the office of the state attorney general, then Jack P.F.

neg: Samuel L. Devine political career in 1950, and was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives, in which he served from 1951 to 1955. Thereïn, Devine was chairman of the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee, a joint committee of the Ohio House and the Senate, and modelled on the federal House Un-American Activities Committee. This committee was given extensive powers of interrogation. It declared in 1952 that approximately 1,300 Ohioans were members of the Communist Party. At Devine's urging, the state legislature overrode a gubernatorial veto of a bill to impose prison terms and fines on Communists. Devine served as Prosecuting Attorney for Franklin

neg: Defending Dissent Foundation Defending Dissent Foundation The Defending Dissent Foundation (DDF), previously known for many years as the National Committee Against Repressive Legislation (NCARL) and formed in 1960 as the National Committee to Abolish HUAC, is a national not-for-profit advocacy organization in the United States, dedicated to defending the right of political dissent. Based in Washington, D.C., NCARL was founded in 1960 as a group opposing the House Un-American Activities Committee (known popularly by the acronym HUAC) of the U.S. House of Representatives. It formed in Southern California as an outgrowth of 1950s efforts against McCarthyism that had been led by the Southern

neg: Walter Goodman (critic) nine books, several children's books, and many magazine articles. His book "The Committee", a critical history of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, appeared in print in 1968. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. criticized the him for lack of sympathy for damage done to some witnesses; overall, he called the book "a glorious piece of Americana." Walter Goodman (critic) Walter Goodman (1927–2002) was a 20th-century American writer and editor for "The New York Times", best known for his 1968 expose book "The Committee" about the House Committee on Un-American Activities, Walter Goodman was born on August 22, 1927, in the Bronx,

neg: Donald L. Jackson in 1939 and 1940. Jackson was a congressional adviser at the ninth conference of American States at Bogotá, Colombia in 1948 and was elected as a Republican to the Eightieth and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1961). His congressional service included the House Un-American Activities Committee, and a notable role in accusing Methodist Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam of engaging in communist activities. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1960. Jackson was appointed to the House Un-American Activities Committee to replace future President Richard Nixon, who had just been elected to the United

neg: Waldron Smithers as member for Chislehurst until the 1945 general election, when he switched to the newly created Orpington constituency. Chislehurst fell to the Labour Party, but Smithers was comfortably elected in Orpington, and held the seat until he died. During the Cold War, while MP for Orpington, Smithers in 1947 pressed for a House of Commons Select Committee on un-British Activities to be created to conduct anti-communist investigations, to mirror the U.S. House Un-American Activities Committee. In 1952, fearing possible sabotage, he wrote to Winston Churchill asking for an enquiry into communist influence at the BBC. "We have traitors in our

neg: Mary Alice Sarvis invited her to serve on the “Committee for City Unity,” founded in 1947 as an effort to improve relations between people of different national, racial, and religious origins.” Dr. Sarvis opposed bureaucracy and supported diversity, arguing for the “defeat of the machine men” in local politics. Agents recorded her presence at a 1953 meeting of the East Bay Committee for American Activities, a group formed “for the express purpose of opposing the House Committee [on Un-American Activities, HUAC]. Her brother David Sarvis lived in nearby Mill Valley and had a rich career in progressive drama, acting in the blacklisted communist

neg: Robert E. Stripling few mentions (much less reviews) of Stripling's book lumps it with several others about the House Un-American Activities Committee and states "They weren’t good books." Robert E. Stripling Robert E. Stripling (circa 1910-1991) was a 20th-century civil servant, best known as chief investigator of the House Dies Committee and its successor the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), particularly for collaboration with junior congressman Richard Nixon and for testimony gleaned from witness Elizabeth Bentley and Whittaker Chambers, the latter of whose allegations led indirectly to indictment and conviction of State Department official Alger Hiss in January 1950. Robert E. Stripling Jr.,

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee as the Fish Committee, undertook extensive investigations of people and organizations suspected of being involved with or supporting communist activities in the United States. Among the committee's targets were the American Civil Liberties Union and communist presidential candidate William Z. Foster. The committee recommended granting the United States Department of Justice more authority to investigate communists, and strengthening of immigration and deportation laws to keep communists out of the United States. From 1934 to 1937, the Special Committee on Un-American Activities Authorized to Investigate Nazi Propaganda and Certain Other Propaganda Activities, chaired by John William McCormack (D-MA) and Samuel Dickstein

neg: Robert Greenblatt (anti war activist) journal of the trip for Esquire Magazine. In 1969 Greenblatt was subpoenaed by The House Un-American Activities Committee who seized a large quantity of documents and forced him to testify. Charges were eventually dropped "but not before HUAC's autumnal carnival" in the words of the Village Voice. Greenblatt’s cross examination was led by Richard Howard Ichord Jr. last chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Greenblatt was defended by prominent civil rights lawyer Sanford M. Katz. Greenblatt was quite combative with the committee, arguing that their actions were reminiscent of the fascist tendencies he had escaped from in Nazi occupied

neg: Overman Committee Overman Committee The Overman Committee was a special subcommittee of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary chaired by North Carolina Democrat Lee Slater Overman. Between September 1918 and June 1919, it investigated German and Bolshevik elements in the United States. It was an early forerunner of the better known House Un-American Activities Committee, and represented the first congressional committee investigation of communism. The Committee's final report was released in June 1919. It reported on German propaganda, Bolshevism, and other "un-American activities" in the United States and on likely effects of communism's implementation in the United States. It described

neg: Hawkman (Carter Hall) Society of America, and takes the position of permanent chairman, following the Flash and Green Lantern. Shiera, meanwhile, adopts the identity of Hawkgirl and fights beside Hall throughout the 1940s. In 1942, Carter enlists in the U.S. Army Air Force as an Airman and serves as a pilot with the 1st Interceptor Command during World War II. Hawkman is JSA chairman in 1951 when the team is investigated by the "Joint Congressional Un-American Activities Committee" (based on the real-life House Un-American Activities Committee) for possible communist sympathies. Congress asks members of the JSA to reveal their identities. The heroes decline,

neg: Martin Ritt as a playwright with the Works Progress Administration, acting on stage, and directing hundreds of plays, Ritt became a successful television director. In 1952, Ritt was acting, directing, and producing teleplays and television programs when he was caught up by the Red Scare and investigations of communist influence in Hollywood and the movie industry. Although not directly named by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), Ritt was mentioned in an anti-communist newsletter called "Counterattack", published by American Business Consultants, a group formed by three former FBI agents. "Counterattack" alleged that Ritt had helped Communist Party-affiliated locals of the New York-based

neg: Maximilian Cohen also a formal public endorser of the National Committee to Aid the Victims of German Fascism, a mass organization formed circa 1934 "for protest and relief to aid the victims and refugees of the Hitler regime." The Special Committee on Un-American Activities of the House of Representatives, chaired by Martin Dies of Texas, declared in a published report that "a glance at the personnel of this committee is sufficient to indicate that it is an auxiliary of the Communist Party." Maximilian Cohen Maximilian "Max" Cohen was an American socialist politician of the early 20th Century. Cohen held a series of

neg: Mary Spargo Mary Spargo Mary Spargo (died 1991) was a 20th-century American newspaper journalist and columnist, best known for her coverage for the "Washington Post" of the House Un-American Activities Committee, Richard Nixon, the Hollywood Ten, and the Hiss-Chambers Case. She was also an FBI informer. Spargo was born in Yonkers, New York, and grew up in Bennington, Vermont. She studied at the University of Vermont. Spargo started her career by working for newspapers in New England. In 1940, she moved to Washington and worked at first as an investigator for the House Un-American Activities Committee. In 1942, she began to work

neg: Canwell Committee people and groups of interest in the state from friendly members of the House Committee on Un-American Activities in Washington, D.C. Canwell Committee The Interim Committee on Un-American Activities, most commonly known as the Canwell Committee, (1947-1949) was a special investigative committee of the Washington State Legislature which in 1948 investigated the influence of the Communist Party USA in Washington state. Named after its chairman, Albert F. Canwell, the committee concentrated upon communist influence in the Washington Commonwealth Federation and its relationship to the Democratic Party in Washington, as well alleged Communist Party membership of certain faculty members at the

neg: Red Menace (comics) Red Menace (comics) Red Menace is a 2007 six-issue American comic book limited series written by Danny Bilson, Paul DeMeo and Adam Brody, illustrated by Jerry Ordway and Jonny Rench, and published by Wildstorm Productions. The story is set 1953 Los Angeles at the time of Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee trials. At one of the House of Un-American Activities Committee trials, a hero named "The Eagle" unmasks himself as World War II veteran Steve Tremaine. The Committee uses his war time friendship with Ivan "The Bear" Petrovich, a hero to the Soviet Union to brand him

neg: Harold Hecht Pictures Arts and Sciences. Harold Hecht's name was given to the House Un-American Activities Committee by Martin Berkeley on September 19, 1951. At the time that Hecht's name was brought up, he was in Italy working on Norma Productions' "The Crimson Pirate" for Warner Brothers and a subpoena for his testimony was only procured two years later. On March 23, 1953, Hecht appeared in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee, represented by his lawyer Edward Bennett Williams. Many of the writers, actors and directors that Hecht and Lancaster had worked with through Norma Productions and Halburt Productions had been

neg: Edward G. Robinson Communists, Communist dupes, or, at best, naive liberal dupes." In addition, Robinson learned that 11 of the more than the 850 charities and groups he had helped over the previous decade were listed by the FBI as Communist front organizations. As a result, he was called to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1950 and 1952 and was threatened with blacklisting. As appears in the full House of Un-American activities Committee transcript for April 30, 1952, Robinson "named names" of Communist sympathizers (Albert Maltz, Dalton Trumbo, John Howard Lawson, Frank Tuttle, and Sidney Buchman) and

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee on Un-American Activities became a standing (permanent) committee in 1945. Democratic Representative Edward J. Hart of New Jersey became the committee's first chairman. Under the mandate of Public Law 601, passed by the 79th Congress, the committee of nine representatives investigated suspected threats of subversion or propaganda that attacked "the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution". Under this mandate, the committee focused its investigations on real and suspected communists in positions of actual or supposed influence in the United States society. A significant step for HUAC was its investigation of the charges of espionage brought against Alger Hiss

neg: Committee for the First Amendment in 1951. Unlike Garfield, however, Hayden "named names", a decision he later regretted. "It is the one thing I've ever done in my life for which I'm ashamed", he said. John Huston later moved to Ireland, reportedly to avoid any backlash from the McCarthyism that gripped the United States in the post-War period. Committee for the First Amendment The Committee for the First Amendment was an action group formed in September 1947 by actors in support of the Hollywood Ten during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It was founded by screenwriter Philip Dunne, actress Myrna Loy,

neg: Committee for the First Amendment Committee for the First Amendment The Committee for the First Amendment was an action group formed in September 1947 by actors in support of the Hollywood Ten during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It was founded by screenwriter Philip Dunne, actress Myrna Loy, and film directors John Huston and William Wyler. Other members included Lucille Ball, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Jules Buck, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Dandridge, Bette Davis, Melvyn Douglas, Henry Fonda, John Garfield, Judy Garland, Ira Gershwin, June Havoc, Sterling Hayden, Paul Henreid, Katharine Hepburn, Lena Horne, Marsha Hunt, Danny Kaye, Gene Kelly, Evelyn Keyes,

neg: Madeline Lee Gilford years until Jack's death in 1990. (Both husband and wife had left their original spouses for each other during the late 1940s.) Both Madeline and Jack were subpoenaed and blacklisted during the McCarthy Era for much of the 1950s. Both were specifically named by choreographer Jerome Robbins during his testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee. She was subpoenaed to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1953. A 1953 article by "The New York Times" reported that she cited the First Amendment, Fourth Amendment, Fifth Amendment and Eighth Amendments to the United States Constitution to resist Congressional questioning.

neg: Coleman Young discrimination in the UAW. In 1948, Young supported Progressive Party presidential candidate Henry A. Wallace. In 1952, Young stunned observers when he appeared before the McCarthy era House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) and defied the congressmen with sarcastic retorts and repeatedly refused to answer whether or not he was a member of the Communist Party. The encounter came at a highly publicized formal hearing in Detroit. Young's performance made him a hero in Detroit's growing black community. On HUAC's charge that he seemed reluctant to fight communism, Coleman said: "I am not here to fight in any un-American activities,

neg: Eric Bentley Ever Been: The Investigations of Show-Business by the Un-American Activities Committee 1947–1958" (1972), was based on the transcripts from the House Un-American Activities Committee collected in "Thirty Years of Treason". The following are recordings done by Bentley for Folkways Records. Eric Bentley Eric Russell Bentley (born September 14, 1916) is a British-born American theater critic, playwright, singer, editor, and translator. In 1998, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the New York Theater Hall of Fame, recognizing his many years of cabaret performances. Born in Bolton, Lancashire, Bentley attended Oxford University,

neg: Harvey Jackins of the Aero Mechanics' Union for alleged Communist activities. In 1954 he was brought before the House Un-American Activities Committee as part of its investigation into Communist activities in Pacific Northwest after being named by three witnesses. He took the Fifth Amendment and refused to name former associates. In the early 1950s, Jackins became acquainted with L. Ron Hubbard's theory of Dianetics. In 1952 Jackins formed Personal Counselors Inc. to "engage in, conduct and teach the art and science of Dianetics." While practicing Dianetics, he developed the concepts of "re-evaluation" and "discharge" and came to believe that they could be

neg: National Lawyers Guild by Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr. as well as the House Un-American Activities Committee of being a Communist front organization. Federal Bureau of Investigation director J. Edgar Hoover repeatedly tried to get successive Attorneys General to declare the NLG a "subversive organization," but without success. In 1944 the Special House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) chaired by Texas Congressman Martin Dies Jr. published a brief history of the NLG in its massive and controversial "Appendix — Part IX" cataloging so-called "Communist Front Organizations" and their supporters. This report charged that the NLG, despite being promoted as a "professional organization of liberal

neg: Bart Lytton a mortgage broker, with his aunt who owned a small mortgage company in east Los Angeles. (His aunt, Faye Roberts, founded Lynwood Savings and Loan Association, later changing its name World Savings and Loan Association, later taking World public under the name of Transworld Financial Corporation, which later merged with Golden West Financial Corporation). Then he became a home builder and real estate developer, his occupation in 1953, when, at the height of the Cold War, he publicly testified to the House Committee on Un-American Activities about his Communist experiences in New York and Hollywood. Lytton formed his first savings

neg: Samuel Bowers dug out the incriminating evidence. Their pursuit would later become an award-winning television documentary, "Mississippi Cold Case." In January 1966, Bowers, along with a number of other members of the White Knights of the KKK, was subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee to testify about Klan activities. Although Byron De La Beckwith gave his name when asked by the committee (but would answer no other substantive questions), other witnesses, such as Bowers, invoked the Fifth amendment even in response to that question. In 1966 alleged members of the White Knights firebombed the house of Vernon Dahmer, a civil rights

neg: Defending Dissent Foundation on Wilkinson. DDF identifies itself as a member of several coalitions of U.S. advocacy groups: The organization publishes a monthly newsletter, archived online. Defending Dissent Foundation The Defending Dissent Foundation (DDF), previously known for many years as the National Committee Against Repressive Legislation (NCARL) and formed in 1960 as the National Committee to Abolish HUAC, is a national not-for-profit advocacy organization in the United States, dedicated to defending the right of political dissent. Based in Washington, D.C., NCARL was founded in 1960 as a group opposing the House Un-American Activities Committee (known popularly by the acronym HUAC) of the U.S.

neg: American Peace Crusade American Peace Crusade American Peace Crusade (APC) was an American peace advocacy organization. Established during the Korean War, the federal government identified the organization as a Communist front. Pitirim Sorokin, a Russian American sociologist and professor at Harvard University, was a sponsor of this organization. The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications" published by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) characterized APC as a group formed by the Communists to function "as a new instrument for their 'peace' offensive in the United States." American Peace Crusade is characterized as "Communist-led peace group", and a "pro-Soviet peace initiative". Historian Marian Mollin

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee Americanization and assimilation efforts largely coincided with WRA goals. In 1946, the committee considered opening investigations into the Ku Klux Klan, but decided against doing so, prompting white supremacist committee member John E. Rankin (D-Miss.) to remark, "After all, the KKK is an old American institution." Instead of the Klan, HUAC concentrated on investigating the possibility that the American Communist Party had infiltrated the Works Progress Administration, including the Federal Theatre Project and the Federal Writers' Project. Twenty years later, in 1965–1966, however, the committee did conduct an investigation into Klan activities under chairman Edwin Willis (D-La.). The House Committee

neg: American Peace Crusade Crusade was disestablished in 1956, but local affiliates such as the Southern California Peace Crusade continued to operate for some time thereafter. American Peace Crusade American Peace Crusade (APC) was an American peace advocacy organization. Established during the Korean War, the federal government identified the organization as a Communist front. Pitirim Sorokin, a Russian American sociologist and professor at Harvard University, was a sponsor of this organization. The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications" published by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) characterized APC as a group formed by the Communists to function "as a new instrument for their 'peace'

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee that, "In the 1990s, relying on Soviet archives and records from the Venona project – a secret U.S. program that decrypted Soviet intelligence messages – some scholars argued that Hiss had indeed been a spy on the Kremlin's payroll." In the wake of the downfall of McCarthy (who never served in the House, nor HUAC), the prestige of HUAC began a gradual decline beginning in the late 1950s. By 1959, the committee was being denounced by former President Harry S. Truman as the "most un-American thing in the country today". In May 1960, the committee held hearings in San Francisco

neg: Mary C. McCall Jr. "Collier's", and "The Saturday Evening Post" from the 1930s to the 1950s. McCall was one of many who clashed with the conservative Motion Picture Alliance. On July 27, 1954, she had to defend herself in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee against reports that she was a communist sympathizer. She was completely exonerated by the separate California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities of the General Research Committee in its report to the California Senate. Mary C. McCall Jr. died of "complications of cancer" at the Motion Picture and Television Hospital, one day shy of her 82nd birthday. She

neg: Russell L. Caldwell 1950s, Caldwell was an outspoken critic of the U.S. House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his pursuit of alleged Communists through the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. He was shunned by many of his USC colleagues as well as by many USC alumni, publicly rebuked by USC President Fred D. Fagg, Jr., and had his classes infiltrated by California un-American activities committee investigators (Eisley, Cindy. 1974. "Russell Caldwell: Up Against the World," "Campus [U.C. Santa Barbara]" (October 23): 1–3). He also was able to force the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to

neg: Alan Scott the team was investigated by the "Joint Congressional Un-American Activities Committee," a fictional organization based on the real-life House Un-American Activities Committee. They were accused of possible communist sympathies and asked to reveal their identities. The members declined the offer, and many of the members retired in the 1950s. The team re-forms in the 1960s with Scott as a member, though little is known of their adventures during this time, save for stories about their team-ups with the Justice League of America, the parallel world Earth-One, and cross-universe adventures Scott shares with Earth-One's Green Lantern, Hal Jordan. It was eventually

neg: Herbert Romerstein Subversive Activities Control Board. He became a research analyst and investigator for American Business Consultants, publishers of the anti-Communist newsletter "Counterattack" as well as for Bookmailer, which published his first book, "Communism and Your Child" in 1962. From 1965 to 1983, Romerstein served as a staff member for the U.S. House of Representatives. During this interval Romerstein worked as investigator for the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), as minority chief investigator for the House Committee on Internal Security, and on the staff of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. By the 1980s, he had joined the Reagan Administration

neg: Teachers Union a "Research Study Group" formed, affiliated with the outside Educational Workers International, itself formed by the Red International of Labor Groups, in turn affiliated with the Communist International ("Comintern"). Heading the Research Study Group was TU secretary (and CPUSA member) Benjamin Mandel (later director of research for the House Un-American Activities Committee or HUAC); members (not yet split into two rival communist parties) included: Ben Davidson, Bertram Wolfe, Jacob Lind, Rachel Ragozin, Jack Hardy (party name of Dale Zysman), Sarah Golden, Clara Reibert, Abraham Zitron, and Isidore Begun. By 1925, they had emerged as a vociferous faction with the TU

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee of Joseph McCarthy who, as a U.S. Senator, had no direct involvement with this House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House. The Overman Committee was a subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary chaired by North Carolina Democratic Senator Lee Slater Overman that operated from September 1918 to June 1919. The subcommittee investigated German as well as Bolshevik elements in the United States. This committee was originally concerned with investigating pro-German sentiments in the American liquor industry. After World War I ended in

neg: Robert Ryan who was a Quaker. In the late 1940s, as the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) intensified its anti-Communist attacks on Hollywood, he joined the short-lived Committee for the First Amendment. Throughout the 1950s, he donated money and services to civic and religious organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, American Friends Service Committee, and United World Federalists. In September 1959, he and Steve Allen became founding co-chairs of The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy's Hollywood chapter. By the mid-1960s, Ryan's political activities included efforts to fight racial discrimination. He served in the cultural division of the Committee

neg: Betty Todd she was identified by William Remington in his testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee Betty Todd Elizabeth Todd (born 1908 Asheville, North Carolina - 1971). Betty Todd was a radio director in the 1940s in New York City. Todd studied radio broadcasting at Columbia University before going to work for CBS Radio. Todd was forced to resign from CBS after she was subpoenaed by, and testified before, the House Un-American Committee (HUAC) in 1950. Todd died in Bath, Maine on December 31, 1971. Todd attended high school in Buncombe County, NC and attended the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee a matching Viet Cong flag, shouted that the police were communists for not arresting him also. Hearings in August 1966 called to investigate anti-Vietnam War activities were disrupted by hundreds of protesters, many from the Progressive Labor Party. The committee faced witnesses who were openly defiant. According to "The Harvard Crimson": In an attempt to reinvent itself, the committee was renamed as the Internal Security Committee in 1969. The House Committee on Internal Security was formally terminated on January 14, 1975, the day of the opening of the 94th Congress. The Committee's files and staff were transferred on that day

neg: Byron De La Beckwith juries, whose members were drawn from voter rolls. During the second trial, the former Governor Ross Barnett interrupted the proceedings, shaking hands with De La Beckwith while Myrlie Evers, Medgar Evers' widow, was testifying. In January 1966, De La Beckwith, along with a number of other members of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee to testify about Klan activities. Although De La Beckwith gave his name when asked by the committee (other witnesses, such as Samuel Bowers, invoked the Fifth Amendment in response to that question), he answered no other

neg: Phillip Burton "created the modern Congress" more than anyone else. After the Democrats gained a strong majority in 1974, he was successful in getting the House to abolish the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Burton was supported by labor unions and championed union activists, supporting the activities of the farm workers union and the coal miners union. When President Gerald Ford appeared before Congress in 1975 to request aid during a refugee crisis in the Vietnamese and Cambodian capitals, Burton became so upset with Ford's request that he called it "an outrage" and left halfway through the speech. In December 1976, Burton

neg: Gary Cooper recounted statements he'd heard suggesting that the Constitution was out of date and that Congress was an unnecessary institution—comments that Cooper said he found to be "very un-American" and testified that he had rejected several scripts because he thought they were "tinged with communist ideas". Unlike some other witnesses, Cooper did not name any individuals, nor did he name any scripts, during his testimony. In 1951, while making High Noon, Cooper became friends with High Noon screenwriter Carl Foreman, who had been a member of the Communist party. When Foreman was subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee, Cooper put

neg: Walter Krivitsky by the very influential "New York Times". Violently attacked by the American left, Krivitsky was vindicated when the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, which he had predicted, was signed in August 1939. Caught between dedication to socialist ideals and detesting Stalin's methods, Krivitsky believed that it was his duty to inform. That decision caused him much mental anguish, as he impressed on American defector Whittaker Chambers, as he told Chambers, "In our time, informing is a duty" (recounted by Chambers in his autobiography, "Witness"). Krivitsky testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) in October 1939, and

neg: Gene Kelly McCarthy era in the U.S. In 1947, he was part of the Committee for the First Amendment, the Hollywood delegation that flew to Washington to protest at the first official hearings by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. His first wife, Betsy Blair, was suspected of being a communist sympathizer, and when United Artists, who had offered Blair a part in "Marty" (1955), were considering withdrawing her under pressure from the American Legion, Kelly successfully threatened MGM's influence on United Artists with a pullout from "It's Always Fair Weather" unless his wife was restored to the part. He used his

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee November 1918, and the German threat lessened, the committee began investigating Bolshevism, which had appeared as a threat during the First Red Scare after the Russian Revolution in 1917. The committee's hearing into Bolshevik propaganda, conducted February 11 to March 10, 1919, had a decisive role in constructing an image of a radical threat to the United States during the first Red Scare. Congressman Hamilton Fish III (R-NY), who was a fervent anti-communist, introduced, on May 5, 1930, House Resolution 180, which proposed to establish a committee to investigate communist activities in the United States. The resulting committee, commonly known

neg: Herbert Biberman actually Jewish) of being a Nazi. In 1947, the Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities began its investigation into the film industry, and Biberman became one of ten Hollywood writers and directors cited for contempt of Congress when they refused to answer questions about their Communist Party USA affiliation. Biberman and the others were imprisoned for their contempt convictions, Biberman for six months. Edward Dmytryk ultimately cooperated with the House committee, but Biberman and the others were blacklisted by the Hollywood studios. Biberman worked independently after his release from jail. The result was "Salt of the Earth" (1954), a fictionalized

neg: Six Crises a member of the United States House of Representatives serving on the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was investigating communism in the United States. He first rose to national prominence when the committee considered accusations that Alger Hiss, a high-ranking United States Department of State official, was a communist spy for the Soviet Union, which post-Cold War research in Russian archives proves was correct. In 1952, as a member of the United States Senate, Nixon was the Vice Presidential running mate of Republican presidential nominee Dwight Eisenhower. After he was accused during the campaign of having an improper political fund,

neg: Alvah Bessie patriotic Warner's film "Objective Burma" (1945). His career came to a halt in 1947, when he was summoned before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). He refused to deny or confirm involvement in the Communist Party USA, and in 1950, he became one of the Hollywood Ten when he was imprisoned and blacklisted. After his release from prison, he worked at the hungry i nightclub in San Francisco, running the lights and sound board and frequently introducing performers. Bessie left the Communist Party in the 1950s. In 1957, Bessie wrote a novel fictionalising his experiences with the HUAC, "The Un-Americans".

neg: Talbot Hamlin activities were noted in a report, "Prepared and released by the House Committee on Un-American Activities, United States House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. April 19, 1949.<br>The committee included California congressman Richard Nixon. At another point in the HUAC report Hamlin is noted in a section that reads: Talbot Hamlin Talbot Faulkner Hamlin (June 16, 1889 – October 7, 1956) was an American architect, architectural historian, writer and educator. Born in New York City, Hamlin was the fourth child of Alfred Dwight Foster Hamlin (1855-1926), a professor of architecture at Columbia University. He attended Amherst College, where he received his

neg: Humphrey Bogart for the First Amendment, against what he perceived to be the House Un-American Activities Committee's harassment of Hollywood screenwriters and actors. He subsequently wrote an article "I'm No Communist" in the March 1948 edition of "Photoplay" magazine in which he distanced himself from The Hollywood Ten to counter the negative publicity resulting from his appearance. Bogart wrote: "The ten men cited for contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us." In 1948, Bogart created his film company, Santana Productions (named after his yacht with the cabin cruiser in "Key Largo"). Earning the right to create his

neg: Cold War (1953–1962) efforts against the Soviet Union in a time of war. After the downfall of senator Joseph McCarthy and the Mccarthy trials, which was due to his demagogic style and unsubstantiated accusations, the House Un-American Activities Committee shortly after began its descent into ruin by the mid-late 1950's and early 1960's, and later was officially dismantled in 1975. Just prior to the beginning of the 1960s, Harry S. Truman proclaimed that the committee was the "most un-American thing in the country today". Prior to these events, there had never been such a socially and politically significant issue publicized to the American

neg: Herbert Fuchs staff position with House Judiciary Committee chairman Emanuel Celler. Mr. Fuchs remained on the Judiciary Committee staff until his retirement. Herbert Fuchs Herbert Fuchs was a former Communist who became a professor of law at the American University in Washington, D.C. in 1949. In the McCarthy Era in the United States, Fuchs initially declined to name names to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), but later relented providing names of other members of Communist cells from 1934-1946. American University President Hurst Robins Anderson initially defended Fuchs after he testified to the committee. Fuchs had fully disclosed to Anderson the

neg: Mosess Fishman United States entered World War II. The House Committee on Un-American Activities targeted him for alleged subversive activities. He also remained active in the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (VALB). According to Peter Carroll's biographical sketch of Fishman, Fishman and Wolff led the defense campaign of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (VALB) before the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB) in 1954. When defeated, they pursued an appeal that was eventually successful in the 1970s in having the Attorney General's list and the SACB's rulings declared unconstitutional. After their victory Fishman expressed the opinion that it might be

neg: Nicholas Dozenberg of Investigation, Dozenberg was never charged for his espionage activities. He served a sentence of one year plus one day on his passport fraud conviction. Following his release from prison in 1941, Dozenberg moved to Florida and adopted the name "Dallant." He lived his remaining years out of the public eye, breaking his silence only in the fall of 1949 when he issued a signed affidavit recounting his life to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) in response to a reopening of the investigation of his activities by Congress in that year. Nicholas Dozenberg died in Florida of Parkinson's

neg: Counterattack (newsletter) (clients) included: Bendix Aviation, Du Pont, General Motors, Metropolitan Life, R.J. Reynolds, and F.W. Woolworth. In 1946, Kirkpatrick and Bierly were implicated in "pirating" of security informants for "Plain Talk" magazine and soon thereafter for "Counterattack" newsletter. Kirkpatrick and Bierly also used FBI information to capitalize upon their FBI association. Together with Keenan, they formed first "John Quincy Adams Associates" in Washington, DC, and then "American Business Consultants, Inc.," in New York City, publisher of "Counterattack" newsletter. On March 26, 1947, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to air his views on communism.

neg: Edward K. Barsky Edward K. Barsky Edward K. "Eddie" Barsky (June 6, 1895 - February 11, 1975) was an American surgeon and political activist. Barsky is best remembered as the head of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, a Communist Party-sponsored organization which raised funds to aid refugees from the regime of Spanish strongman Francisco Franco in the late 1930s during the Spanish Civil War. In the 1950s Barsky became a cause célèbre as a victim of McCarthyism when he was imprisoned for refusing to provide information to the House Un-American Activities Committee. Edward K. Barsky, known to his friends as "Eddie," was born

neg: Julia Ruuttila like the International Woodworkers of America’s "Timber Worker" and the Communist Party’s "People’s World". Though she held a position with the Oregon Public Welfare Commission, Ruuttila lost the job when she advocated for African Americans who had lost their homes to a flood. Despite never having joined the Communist Party herself, she was investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1956, during their inquiries into the Committee for Protection of Foreign Born. Ruuttila continued working with area unions and in 1965 served as the chair of the legislative committee of the International Longshoremen and Warehouseman’s Union Ladies’ Auxiliary and

neg: Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917) named Wilhelm Grimm. Disturbed by the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), Hunt and her husband, screenwriter Robert Presnell Jr., became members of the Committee for the First Amendment in 1947. On October 26 that same year, aged 30, Hunt took part in "Hollywood Fights Back", a star-studded radio program co-written by her husband protesting the activities of HUAC. The next day, Hunt flew with a group of about 30 actors, directors, writers, and filmmakers (including John Huston, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, and Danny Kaye) to Washington to protest the actions of HUAC. When she returned to Hollywood

neg: J. Parnell Thomas world war." In the post-war period, Thomas called for a rapid demobilization of the American military. In 1946, he invited General Dwight Eisenhower to his office to discuss the issue. When he arrived, the general was faced with a table surrounded by soldier's wives, many holding babies. News photographers took photos of the furious Eisenhower. Following the Republican Party gaining control of the 80th Congress in the November 1946 elections, Thomas was appointed chairman of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)–during that period, also called the "Thomas Committee." In May 1947, Thomas traveled to Hollywood to meet with film

neg: Gerald D. Morgan Morgan was a partner in the Washington law firm of Morgan and Calhoun. He worked on special assignments for several Congressional committees, including the House Committee On Un-American Activities. He was special counsel to the majority of the House in connection with labor legislation in 1947 and served as legislative counsel to the House Committee on Education and Labor, a standing committee subsequently known as the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce. Mr, Morgan was a special consultant to the First Hoover Commission on Government Reorganization in 1947 and 1948. In 1949 he wrote "Congressional Investigations and

neg: History of the New York City Bar Association years immediately following the war membership again grew under the leadership of president Harrison Tweed. Tweed, who was a grandson of William Evarts (and no relation to "Boss" Tweed), made significant gains in membership by promoting social activities and also largely reorganized the Association into its current form, appointing a permanent executive director and establishing rotating membership for the Bar's growing number of committees. The Association vocally opposed the investigations of Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee into suspected communist affiliations of government employees. When the American Bar Association, inspired by the Smith Act, passed a resolution

neg: Joseph P. Lash preferring to speak to youth groups in an effort to help rally support for the Loyalist cause. He grew politically close to the Communist Party in this period. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 23, 1939 deeply shook Lash's growing leanings towards the Communist Party, causing him to resign as executive secretary of the American Student Union. Three months later he was subpoenaed to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee (colloquially known as the "Dies Committee" after its chairman) to be questioned about his activities with the American Student Union and the American Youth Congress. Lash was a hostile

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee City Hall that led to the infamous riot on May 13, when city police officers fire-hosed protesting students from UC Berkeley, Stanford, and other local colleges and dragged them down the marble steps beneath the rotunda, leaving some seriously injured. Soviet affairs expert William Mandel, who had been subpoenaed to testify, angrily denounced the committee and the police in a blistering statement which was aired repeatedly for years thereafter on Pacifica Radio station KPFA in Berkeley. An anti-communist propaganda film, "Operation Abolition", was produced by the committee from subpoenaed local news reports, and shown around the country during 1960 and

neg: Kenneth Hahn point, Harby "reached over" and shoved Hahn back into his seat. Birds, 1951. Hahn proposed a special police patrol to protect birds nesting on the City Hall grounds. The idea was referred to a committee. Un-American, 1952. Hahn and Council Members Harold A. Henry, Earle D. Baker and J. Win Austin attended a dinner meeting in South Gate to honor the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Hahn was elected to the County Board of Supervisors for the first time in 1952. He was elected to his tenth term in 1988 with 84% of the vote. He was known for his

neg: Dorothy Comingore Dorothy Comingore Mary Louise Comingore (August 24, 1913 – December 30, 1971), best known professionally as Dorothy Comingore, was an American film actress. She is best known for starring as Susan Alexander Kane in "Citizen Kane" (1941), the critically acclaimed debut film of Orson Welles. In earlier films she was credited as Linda Winters, and she had appeared on the stage as Kay Winters. Her career ended when she was caught up in the Hollywood blacklist. She declined to answer questions when she was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1952. Margaret Louise Comingore was born in Los

neg: McCarthyism Communists from North Korea and China. During the following year, there was evidence of increased sophistication in Soviet Cold War espionage activities in the West. In January 1950, Alger Hiss, a high-level State Department official, was convicted of perjury. Hiss was in effect found guilty of espionage; the statute of limitations had run out for that crime, but he was convicted of having perjured himself when he denied that charge in earlier testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee. In Britain, Klaus Fuchs confessed to committing espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union while working on the Manhattan Project at

neg: Herbert Sorrell Activities (the Tenney Committee), but there was insufficient evidence that he was tied to the Communist Party. The CSU strike of 1945 which Sorrell led was actively opposed by the American Communist Party. In 1947, Walt Disney testified before the U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities that he "believed at that time that Mr. Sorrell was a Communist because of all the things that I had heard and having seen his name appearing on a number of Commie front things". In 1953, in an actor's lawsuit Sorrell testified that while he was never a communist, he did feel free to

neg: Journals of Ayn Rand she made while the novel was being written. The third section, titled "Transition Between Novels", includes draft material for three unfinished projects. The first was a non-fiction book to be called "The Moral Basis of Individualism". The second was a movie about the development of the atomic bomb, tentatively titled "Top Secret". The third was an essay called "To All Innocent Fifth Columnists", to be circulated by a proposed organization of conservative intellectuals that never formed. This section also reprints a transcript of Rand's 1949 testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee, along with her own notes about the committee's

neg: World Committee Against War and Fascism Executive Committee of the American League Against War and Fascism, and in this role tried to bring together the labor and pacifist movements. Clara Shavelson Lemlich was an organizer for the American League Against War and Fascism who often spoke against nuclear weapons and the arms race. After she visited the Soviet Union in 1949 her passport was revoked, and in 1951 she was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. World Committee Against War and Fascism The World Committee Against War and Fascism was an international organization sponsorized by the Communist Internatinal, that was active in the

neg: June Croll of the Anti-Nazi Federation. She later became the executive director of the Emma Lazarus Federation of Jewish Women’s Clubs (ELF). The ELF was a progressive organization formed by Clara Lemlich and others to provide relief to victims of World War II, to combat antisemitism, and to provide educational programs on Jewish identity and women's rights. Croll still held this job at the time of her death in 1967. Her communist beliefs and labor activism made her a target of McCarthyism. An attempt was made to deport her, and she was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. She

neg: Jay S. Rosenblatt could orient to home by 3 to 4 days of age and that they formed nipple attachment preferences by 1 to 2 days of age. This was contrary to learning paradigms of that time, which assumed that animals could not learn at very young ages. In the 1950s, while an assistant professor at the City College of New York, he became a person of interest for the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was conveyed to the City College of New York. Subsequently, his contract was not renewed he went to Rutgers University at Newark where he joined the Institute of

neg: House Un-American Activities Committee (D-NY), held public and private hearings and collected testimony filling 4,300 pages. The committee was widely known as the McCormack-Dickstein committee. Its mandate was to get "information on how foreign subversive propaganda entered the U.S. and the organizations that were spreading it", and it was replaced with a similar committee that focused on pursuing communists. Its records are held by the National Archives and Records Administration as records related to HUAC. The committee investigated allegations of a fascist plot to seize the White House, known as the "business plot". Although the plot was widely reported as a hoax, the committee

neg: Carl Braden His conviction was then overturned. Carl's wife, Anne, carefully chronicled the ordeal and used it as the basis for her book "The Wall Between", published in 1958. When compelled to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), Braden refused to answer questions posed to him, saying the questions were not relevant to the mandate of the committee and violated his First Amendment rights. The case was heard before the Supreme Court of the United States as "Braden v. United States", 365 U.S. 431 (1961). The court ruled against Braden, saying his conviction was constitutional. Braden was sentenced to a

neg: Civil Rights Congress classified as subversive and described as a communist front organization by US Attorney General Thomas Clark under President Harry S. Truman, as well as by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Targeted by the U.S. government, the group was weakened in 1951, and it finally disbanded in 1956. The group was formed at a radical conference in Detroit held on April 27–28, 1946. Early goals included abolition of HUAC and protecting southern workers' right to unionize. In December 1947, the National Negro Congress merged into the group. International Labor Defense (ILD) national secretary William Patterson led the group throughout its

neg: Norman Fruchter Jesse Allen, Robert Kramer, also full-time organizers for the group: Carol Glassman; Terry Jefferson; Constance Brown; Corinna Fales; and Derek Winans. He was investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee. He recommended Christine Choy to the Newsreel group, after meeting her at Ironbound neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey. He was a member of School Board 15, in Brooklyn, and formed Campaign for Fiscal Equity, which sued the city of New York over inadequate school funding. He headed the Institute for Education and Social Policy at New York University. He commented on the Gates Foundation: The Gates Foundation has given an

neg: Mary Spargo Bacall style") while they sing "Blest Be the Tie Binds" and "A Good Man is Hard to Find." Hiss Case: In 1948, Spargo reported on the testimony of Elizabeth Bentley and Whittaker Chambers, who alleged that some half-dozen former federal government officials had formed a Soviet spy network that he ran, one of whom was Alger Hiss. After the first appearances of both Chambers and Hiss before the House Un-American Activities Committee, after which Hiss appeared more trustworthy, Spargo counseled Richard Nixon that, if his hunch was wrong and he pursued Hiss further through Chambers, Nixon would be a "dead

neg: National Security Agency House Un-American Activities Committee and a special subcommittee of the United States House Committee on Armed Services revealed severe cases of ignorance in personnel security regulations, prompting the former personnel director and the director of security to step down and leading to the adoption of stricter security practices. Nonetheless, security breaches reoccurred only a year later when in an issue of "Izvestia" of July 23, 1963, a former NSA employee published several cryptologic secrets. The very same day, an NSA clerk-messenger committed suicide as ongoing investigations disclosed that he had sold secret information to the Soviets on a regular basis.

neg: And you are lynching Negroes notion that U.S. citizens "are unanimous in pursuing an anti-colour policy, and that the average American spends his time lynching negroes." Perpetuation of the phrase during the Soviet period engendered negative feelings towards the U.S. from members of the working class. During the Cold War, the leftist French publication "Combat" used the phrase to criticize the operations of the House Un-American Activities Committee, pointing out what it saw as corruption of "a nation that lynched blacks and hounded anyone accused of 'un-American' activities." Use of the phrase as a tu quoque discourse grew in popularity in Russia during the 1960s,

neg: Herbert Fuchs Herbert Fuchs Herbert Fuchs was a former Communist who became a professor of law at the American University in Washington, D.C. in 1949. In the McCarthy Era in the United States, Fuchs initially declined to name names to the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), but later relented providing names of other members of Communist cells from 1934-1946. American University President Hurst Robins Anderson initially defended Fuchs after he testified to the committee. Fuchs had fully disclosed to Anderson the extent of his activities at the time the story of his Communist Party membership broke. The university later fired him