query: mobilization of an army was considered what in 1914

pos: Mobilization one Austrian officer commented at Solferino that his troops could not even comprehend the command, “Halt.” This demonstrates the "communicative" problems that arose quickly with the advent of the mass army. Intricate plans for mobilization contributed greatly to the beginning of World War I, since in 1914, under the laws and customs of warfare then observed (not to mention the desire to avoid compromising national security), general mobilization of one nation's military forces was invariably considered an act of war by that country's likely enemies. In 1914, the United Kingdom was the only European Great Power without conscription. The other

neg: Central Powers Russia, declared a state of general mobilization. In August 1914, Germany waged war on Russia, the German government justified military action against Russia as necessary because of Russian aggression as demonstrated by the mobilization of the Russian army that had resulted in Germany mobilizing in response. After Germany declared war on Russia, France with its alliance with Russia prepared a general mobilization in expectation of war. On 3 August 1914, Germany responded to this action by declaring war on France. Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the Schlieffen Plan, that involved German armed forces needing to

neg: 3rd Army (German Empire) 3rd Army (German Empire) The 3rd Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the II Army Inspectorate. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. Upon the mobilization Max von Hausen (Saxon War Minister) was given command of the 3rd Army which mainly consisted of Saxons. The army participated in the Battle of the Frontiers, mainly in the battles of Dinant and Charleroi and the army were responsible for the destruction of Reims in September 1914. After the Second

neg: Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914) Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914) This article lists Imperial Russian Army formations and units in 1914 prior to World War I mobilisation for the Russian invasion of Prussia and liberation Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia. The prewar chain of command was: military district, corps (or "Army corps"), then to division, brigade, regiment, and then the regiment's battalions. After mobilisation in the event of war the chain of command of the Imperial Russian Army ran from Stavka, the Russian general headquarters, which was created during mobilization, to Front-level (Army group) also created during mobilization, to the Army level. Army headquarters

neg: Bavarian Cavalry Division Bavarian Cavalry Division The Bavarian Cavalry Division ("Bayerische Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was raised and recruited in Bavaria. The division was formed on mobilization for World War I on 2 August 1914. It was assigned to III Cavalry Corps, which preceded 6th Army on the Western Front. Between November 1914 and January 1915,

neg: Bavarian Cavalry Division Cavalry Brigades. Allied Intelligence rated the Division as 4th Class (of 4). The organisation in 1918 was: Bavarian Cavalry Division The Bavarian Cavalry Division ("Bayerische Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was raised and recruited in Bavaria. The division was formed on mobilization for World War I on 2 August 1914. It was assigned to

neg: Russian entry into World War I back down. Nicholas desired that Russia's mobilization be only against the Austrian border, in the hopes of avoiding war with Germany. The Kaiser however had pledged to support Austria. On 25 July 1914, Tsar Nicholas decided to intervene in the Austro-Serbian conflict, a step toward general war. He put the Russian army on "alert" on 25 July. Although this was not general mobilization, it threatened the German and Austrian borders and looked like military preparation for war. However, his army had few workable plans and no contingency plans for a partial mobilization, and on 30 July 1914 Nicholas took the

neg: 6th Army (Austria-Hungary) 6th Army (Austria-Hungary) The Austro-Hungarian Sixth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. The Sixth Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austro-Hungarian mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia. The Sixth Army was put under the command of Gen. Oskar Potiorek, who also was commander of the entire Balkan Front. Between August and December 1914, it fought in the Serbian Campaign and suffered such enormous casualties that it was disbanded on 27 December 1914.<br> It participated in the The Sixth Army was reestablished in January 1918 on the Italian Front,

neg: 5th Army (Austria-Hungary) 5th Army (Austria-Hungary) The Austro-Hungarian Fifth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. The Fifth Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austro-Hungarian mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia. The Fifth Army was put under the command of Gen. Liborius Ritter von Frank. Between August and December 1914, it fought in the Serbian Campaign and suffered such enormous casualties that it was disbanded on 27 December 1914.<br> It participated in the The Fifth Army was reestablished in May 1915 on the Italian Front, where it remained active until the end

neg: 6th Army (Austria-Hungary) where it remained active until the end of the War. It participated in the 6th Army (Austria-Hungary) The Austro-Hungarian Sixth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. The Sixth Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austro-Hungarian mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia. The Sixth Army was put under the command of Gen. Oskar Potiorek, who also was commander of the entire Balkan Front. Between August and December 1914, it fought in the Serbian Campaign and suffered such enormous casualties that it was disbanded on 27 December 1914.<br> It participated

neg: 8th Army (German Empire) the Army of the Niemen on 30 December 1915. It was dissolved after the end of the war on 21 January 1919. 8th Army (German Empire) The 8th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the I Army Inspectorate. The army was dissolved on 29 September 1915, but reformed on 30 December 1915. It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. On mobilisation in August 1914, the 8th Army Headquarters was formed in Posen to command troops stationed in East

neg: 8th Army (German Empire) 8th Army (German Empire) The 8th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the I Army Inspectorate. The army was dissolved on 29 September 1915, but reformed on 30 December 1915. It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. On mobilisation in August 1914, the 8th Army Headquarters was formed in Posen to command troops stationed in East Prussia to defend against the expected Russian attack, Plan XIX. Initially, the Army commanded the following formations: Concerned by the defeat at

neg: 5th Army (German Empire) 5th Army (German Empire) The 5th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. In August 1914 the command of 5th Army was assigned to Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir to the Hohenzollern throne, with General Schmidt von Knobelsdorf serving as his Chief of Staff, and would remain thus until late 1916. The opening hostilities on the Western Front saw the Crown Prince's 5th Army, along with

neg: 1st Army (German Empire) 2nd Army during the Battle of the Somme. 1st Army (German Empire) The 1st Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VIII Army Inspection. The army was dissolved on 17 September 1915, but reformed on 19 July 1916 during the Battle of the Somme. It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. The 1st Army during World War I, fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914.

neg: 2nd Army (German Empire) 2nd Army (German Empire) The 2nd Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the III Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. The 2nd Army during World War I, fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914. Commanded by General Karl von Bülow, the 2nd Army's mission was to support the 1st Army's sweep around the left flank of the French Army and encircle Paris,

neg: 2nd Army (German Empire) following commanders during its existence. 2nd Army (German Empire) The 2nd Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the III Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. The 2nd Army during World War I, fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914. Commanded by General Karl von Bülow, the 2nd Army's mission was to support the 1st Army's sweep around the left flank of the

neg: 1st Army (German Empire) 1st Army (German Empire) The 1st Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VIII Army Inspection. The army was dissolved on 17 September 1915, but reformed on 19 July 1916 during the Battle of the Somme. It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. The 1st Army during World War I, fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914. Commanded by General Alexander von Kluck, the 1st

neg: XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment. On mobilization in 1914, the corps was subordinated to the 5th Army and saw action on the Western Front. It was transferred to the 6th Army during the Race to the Sea. In October 1914, the corps headquarters formed Corps Fabeck, which by the end of the month had become a provisional army group, commanding XV Corps, II Bavarian Corps and Corps Urach. In November, the XIII Army Corps was transferred from the 6th Army to the 9th Army on the Eastern Front. By 1916, the corps had returned to

neg: Raymond Delamarre attached to the studio of Jules-Félix Coutan. His studies were interrupted, firstly by his conscription into the army from 1911 to 1913 and then service from 1914 to 1918 after the French mobilization, although between the two he managed some further time back in Coutan's studio. Soon after mobilization Delamarre was sent to the front and was almost immediately taken prisoner. He was released in the course of an exchange of prisoners carried out in 1916 and returned to active service. On leaving the army at the end of the war, Delamarre now tried to secure the "Prix de Rome"

neg: Haczów was one of the richest municipalities in the province of Galicia. When World War I started on the fourth of August 1914 it had an immediate impact on the lives of the Haczowian. A general mobilization order was sent out and all of the eligible men were sent off to serve in the Austro-Hungarian Army. The front eventually moved closer to Haczów and in September of that year, the sound of the artillery was heard, signaled the approach of the Russian army. The first Russian patrols appeared in Haczów on September 26, 1914. On October 4, 1914, a Cossack patrol

neg: I Cavalry Corps (German Empire) I Cavalry Corps (German Empire) The I Cavalry Corps ( literally: Higher Cavalry Command 1) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and disbanded in March 1918. The Corps initially served on the Western Front with the Guards and 5th Cavalry Divisions and preceded the 3rd Army. By 15 September 1914, it was assigned to 2nd Army and comprised the Guards and 2nd Cavalry Divisions. Transferred to the East on 6 November 1914 and attached to the 9th Army. By 8 February 1915,

neg: Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen attending the Bavarian War Academy, he served as a general staff officer in various units. In 1902 he married Helene Zöhrer in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. They would have two sons and one daughter. Through the pre-war years, Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen proceeded up the ranks, generally alternating command and general staff assignments, until October 1, 1912 when he became Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Bavarian Army, a position he would hold until the mobilization for war in August 1914. On mobilization in 1914, Generalmajor Krafft von Dellmensingen became chief of the general staff of the German 6th Army,

neg: Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914) were created during mobilization by transformation of the military district headquarters. Below Army level the chain was the same; corps (or "Army corps", it was used interchangeably), division, brigade, and regiment. see List of Russian armies in World War I Located in Saint Petersburg and surroundings — Pushkin, Petergof and Gatchina, excepted the 3rd Infantry Division (3 ID) and the Independent Cavalry Brigade (ICavBr), located in Warsaw and subordinated to the XXIII AC Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914) This article lists Imperial Russian Army formations and units in 1914 prior to World War I mobilisation for the Russian

neg: 19th Ersatz Division (German Empire) command and a divisional signals command were created. The division's order of battle on July 12, 1918, was as follows: 19th Ersatz Division (German Empire) The 19th Ersatz Division ("19. Ersatz-Division") was a unit of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 19th Ersatz Division was formed on mobilization from 11 brigade replacement battalions ("Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone"). Each brigade replacement battalion was numbered after its parent infantry brigade, and was

neg: 22nd Reserve Division (German Empire) The order of battle of the 22nd Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows: The 22nd Reserve Division was triangularized in March 1915. Over the course of the war, other changes took place, including the formation of artillery and signals commands. The order of battle on March 28, 1918, was as follows: 22nd Reserve Division (German Empire) The 22nd Reserve Division ("22. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded during the demobilization of the German Army after

neg: 19th Ersatz Division (German Empire) 19th Ersatz Division (German Empire) The 19th Ersatz Division ("19. Ersatz-Division") was a unit of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 19th Ersatz Division was formed on mobilization from 11 brigade replacement battalions ("Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone"). Each brigade replacement battalion was numbered after its parent infantry brigade, and was formed with two companies taken from the replacement battalion of each of the brigade's two infantry regiments. One brigade replacement

neg: 10th Ersatz Division (German Empire) 10th Ersatz Division (German Empire) The 10th Ersatz Division ("10. Ersatz-Division") was a unit of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 10th Ersatz Division was formed on mobilization from 12 brigade replacement battalions ("Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone"). Each brigade replacement battalion was numbered after its parent infantry brigade, and was formed with two companies taken from the replacement battalion of each of the brigade's two infantry regiments. Thus, collectively, the

neg: 4th Ersatz Division (German Empire) 4th Ersatz Division (German Empire) The 4th Ersatz Division ("4. Ersatz-Division") was a unit of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The 4th Ersatz Division was formed on mobilization from 13 brigade replacement battalions ("Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone"). Each brigade replacement battalion was numbered after its parent infantry brigade, and was formed with two companies taken from the replacement battalion of each of the brigade's two infantry regiments. Thus, collectively, the 13

neg: 11th Reserve Division (German Empire) 11th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 11th Reserve Division ("11. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VI Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited in the Province of Silesia, with some troops from other areas due to the large Polish population of Silesia. It received the regular 23rd Infantry Brigade from the 12th Division on mobilization. The 11th Reserve Division fought

neg: 5th Cavalry Division (German Empire) combat chronicle can be found at the German-language version of this article. On formation, in August 1914, the component units of the division were: See: Table of Organisation and Equipment 5th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 5th Cavalry Division ("5. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in February 1918. It was initially assigned to I Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 3rd Army on the Western Front. In October 1914, it was transferred to the Eastern Front.

neg: 1st Army (Austria-Hungary) 1st Army (Austria-Hungary) The 1st Army () was a field army-level command in the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. The army fought in Galicia and Russian Poland in 1914–15 before being briefly dissolved in the summer of 1916. Shortly afterwards, it was reformed and sent to fight in the Romanian Campaign for the next two years. The 1st Army was demobilized in April 1918 due to its heavy losses, following Romania's surrender. The 1st Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar

neg: 7th Army (German Empire) the Sea, an attempt by both German and Anglo-French armies to turn each other's flank. At the end of the war it was serving as part of "Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz". By the end of the war, the 7th Army was organised as: The 7th Army had the following commanders during its existence. 7th Army (German Empire) The 7th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the II Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. Formed at the

neg: 4th Army (German Empire) 4th Army (German Empire) The 4th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VI Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. At the outset of war, the 4th Army, with the 5th Army, formed the center of the German armies on the Western Front, moving through Luxembourg and Belgium in support of the great wheel of the right wing that was to pin down and defeat the French armies. The 4th Army defeated Belgian forces on

neg: 6th Army (German Empire) 6th Army (German Empire) The 6th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the IV Army Inspectorate. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. At the outbreak of World War I, command of the army was given to Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria ("Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern"). The 6th Army initially consisted of the units of the Bavarian Army (which had retained military sovereignty after the unification of Germany), with some additional Prussian units. During the execution of Plan

neg: 4th Army (German Empire) the following commanders during its existence. 4th Army (German Empire) The 4th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VI Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. At the outset of war, the 4th Army, with the 5th Army, formed the center of the German armies on the Western Front, moving through Luxembourg and Belgium in support of the great wheel of the right wing that was to pin down and defeat the French armies. The

neg: 7th Army (German Empire) 7th Army (German Empire) The 7th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the II Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. Formed at the outbreak of World War I, 7th Army formed the extreme left (southern) wing of the German Armies on the Western Front. During the execution of the French Plan XVII, the 7th Army covered Alsace, successfully repulsing the French attack in the Battle of Lorraine. It then took part in the Race to

neg:
5th Army (Austria-Hungary) of the War.
 On 24 May 1917, it was renamed the Isonzo Army.
 On 23 August 1917, the Isonzo Army was upgraded to Army Group Boroević (Heeresgruppe "Boroević") which was composed of 2 armies: In January 1918 the Army Group was composed of It participated in the 5th Army (Austria-Hungary) The Austro-Hungarian Fifth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. The Fifth Army was formed in 1914 as part of Austro-Hungarian mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia. The Fifth Army was put under the command of Gen. Liborius Ritter von Frank.

neg: 5th Army (German Empire) Fifth Army continued to oppose the AEF's Meuse-Argonne Offensive until the Armistice of 11 November 1918. At the end of the war it was serving as part of "Heeresgruppe Gallwitz". By the end of the war, the 5th Army was organised as: The 5th Army had the following commanders during its existence: 5th Army (German Empire) The 5th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. In August

neg: V Army Corps (Greece) the First Balkan War. The Corps withdrew its units from there in February 1914, which led to an uprising of the local Greek population. In October 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, the region was reoccupied with the assent of the Entente powers. Following the Greek mobilization in September 1915, V Corps expanded to include the 8th, 9th, 15th, and 16th Infantry Divisions. The corps was demobilized and disbanded as a result of the National Schism and the Greek demobilization in late 1916. It was re-established with the July 1926 Army reorganization, but disbanded again a year later.

neg: III Cavalry Corps (German Empire) III Cavalry Corps (German Empire) The III Cavalry Corps ( literally: Higher Cavalry Command 3) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. The corps was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. Initially on the Western Front with 7th, 8th and Bavarian Cavalry Divisions preceding 6th Army. Transferred to the East on 9 September 1914 and assigned to 9th Army with just 8th Cavalry Division. Redesignated 20 November 1916 as 57th Corps (z.b.V.). 57th Corps (z.b.V.) was formed

neg: Montgomery M. Macomb 1914. He commanded the 1st Hawaiian Brigade from 1913 to 1914. During his assignments in Hawaii Macomb also served on the board of officers that surveyed Oahu and planned its defenses (the Macomb Board). From 1914 to 1916 Macomb was President of the Army War College. He served on the Army staff from June to October, 1916, when he reached the mandatory retirement age of 64. Macomb requested to return to active duty for World War I. In October, 1917 he was appointed to command Fort Sill, where he oversaw the mobilization and training of soldiers preparing to serve in

neg: 10th Reserve Division (German Empire) it as a "big attack" division. The order of battle of the 10th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows: The 10th Reserve Division was triangularized in April 1916. Over the course of the war, other changes took place, including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion. The order of battle on 14 March 1918 was as follows: 10th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 10th Reserve Division ("10. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part

neg: 9th Cavalry Division (German Empire) in August 1914, the component units of the division were: See: Table of Organisation and Equipment 9th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 9th Cavalry Division ("9. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in March 1918. It was initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front. On 27 November 1914, it was transferred to Russia. It was dismounted in October 1916 and dissolved on 3 March 1918. A

neg: Rudolf Viest his military service and became a cadet on September 1, 1912. He joined the army again during the general mobilization on August 1, 1914. He started as a squad commander and continued as a company commander from November 1914. He was captured during the Russian offensive near Krakow on November 24, 1914. Because of his strong Slavic feeling, he joined the Serbian army on August 1, 1915, then he fought with Serbian volunteers regiment against Bulgarians. He was injured but after healing he returned to Serbian units. In February 1917, he requested to be assigned to Belgorod to form Czechoslovak

neg: Bršadin "Old Village", about two kilometers west of the present day settlement.> Boršod decays after 1526 Ottoman Empire breakthrough into Syrmia and Slavonia. After 1529, Suleiman the Magnificent colonized place with first Orthodox families, Vlachs from north Serbia and north-eastern Bosnia, and after 1543 people from the central part of the Balkans peninsula. In 1914, at the beginning of World War I, Austro-Hungarian military command mobilization. Bršadin people disliked mobilization aside Triple Entente and they deserted in large numbers and taught to Russian army at Eastern Front or join Serbian army at Salonika Front. During the war, in village was located

neg: Military history of Switzerland Swiss defences. Wille subsequently was put in command of the second complete mobilization in 1914, and Switzerland escaped invasion in the course of World War I. Wille also ordered the suppression of the Swiss general strike ("Landesstreik") of 1918 with military force. Three workers were killed, and a rather larger number of soldiers died of the Spanish flu during mobilization. In 1932, the army was called to suppress an anti-fascist demonstration in Geneva. The troops shot dead 13 demonstrators, wounding another 65. This incident long damaged the army's reputation, leading to persistent calls for its abolition among left-wing politicians. In

neg: Paris in World War I before a general mobilization was declared in France, one of the most prominent leaders of the French Left, the socialist politician Jean Jaurès, an outspoken opponent of going to war, was assassinated at the Café Croissant on Montmartre, not far from the offices of the socialist newspaper "L'Humanité", by Raoul Villain, a mentally-unstable man who considered Jaurès an "enemy of France." Most male Parisians of military age were required to report on August 2 to designated stations around the city for mobilization into the army. The army command expected that up to thirteen percent would not appear, but to their

neg: Nicholas II of Russia like military preparation for war. However, his army had no contingency plans for a partial mobilization, and on 30 July 1914 Nicholas took the fateful step of confirming the order for general mobilization, despite being strongly counselled against it. On 28 July, Austria-Hungary formally declared war against Serbia. On 29 July 1914, Nicholas II sent a telegram to Wilhelm II with the suggestion to submit the Austro-Serbian problem to the Hague Conference (in Hague tribunal). Wilhelm II did not address the question of the Hague Conference in his subsequent reply. Count Witte told the French Ambassador, Maurice Paléologue that from

neg: Adolph von Carlowitz Adolph von Carlowitz Hans Carl Adolph von Carlowitz (25 March 1858 – 9 July 1928) served as a German army commander during the First World War. Coming from an ancient noble family, Carlowitz studied rights at the Leipzig University. In 1879, he entered the Saxon army. From 1885 to 1888 Carlowitz studied at the Prussian military academy in Berlin and afterwards served on the Imperial German General Staff. By 1913, he had become Lieutenant general and in May 1914, he succeeded Max von Hausen as Minister of War of the Kingdom of Saxony. Upon mobilization in August 1914, Carlowitz received

neg: 41st Division (German Empire) 41st Division (German Empire) The 41st Division ("41. Division") was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was established on October 1, 1912, in Deutsch Eylau (now Iława, Poland). The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XX Army Corps ("XX. Armeekorps"). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was mainly recruited in the Prussian province of West Prussia. The organization of the 37th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows: On mobilization in August 1914, at the beginning of World War

neg: 8th Cavalry Division (German Empire) 8th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 8th Cavalry Division ("8. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in April 1918. The majority of the division was drawn from the Kingdom of Saxony. It was initially assigned to III Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 6th Army on the Western Front. On 30 August 1914, it was transferred to the Eastern Front, where it arrived too late for the Battle of Tannenberg but in time for the Battle of

neg: 5th Cavalry Division (German Empire) 5th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 5th Cavalry Division ("5. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in February 1918. It was initially assigned to I Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 3rd Army on the Western Front. In October 1914, it was transferred to the Eastern Front. From 14 July 1915 to 1 September 1915, it was designated as Cavalry Corps Hendebreck. It was dismounted in October 1916 and dissolved on 27 February 1918. A more detailed

neg: 4th Cavalry Division (German Empire) a "Landwehr" Division and was: 4th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 4th Cavalry Division ("4. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front. In November 1914, it was transferred to Russia. In March 1918, it returned to the Western Front, where it served in Alsace until

neg: 4th Cavalry Division (German Empire) 4th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 4th Cavalry Division ("4. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front. In November 1914, it was transferred to Russia. In March 1918, it returned to the Western Front, where it served in Alsace until the end of the war.

neg: 6th Cavalry Division (German Empire) 6th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 6th Cavalry Division ("6. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army that fought on Eastern and Western Fronts during World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. After formation, the division was initially assigned to IV Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 4th and 5th Armies on the Western Front. In October 1914, it was transferred to Russia and then in October 1916 to Romania. In February 1917, it

neg: 2nd Cavalry Division (German Empire) 2nd Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 2nd Cavalry Division ("2. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front. On 12 November 1914, it was transferred to Russia and then to Romania on 25 November 1916, returning to the West in December 1916. It served as a

neg: Max von Hausen Royal Saxon) Division from 1897 to 1900 and the XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps from 1900 to 1902. He served as Minister of War of the Kingdom of Saxony from 1902 to 1914, being promoted to Generaloberst in 1910. Upon mobilization in August 1914, the Royal Saxon Army became the German Third Army and Hausen was given command. His army participated in the Battle of the Frontiers, mainly in the battles of Dinant, where Hausen's troops summarily executed over 600 of its inhabitants, including several women and children (one of them just 3 weeks old), and Charleroi, and he and

neg: Common Army army and navy were increasingly neglected. Military expenditure was not popular in either the Austrian or Hungarian "Reichstag", at least for their common forces. The much-needed modernization of the army was delayed again and again. This was to cause problems with mobilization in 1914. (The Mountain Troops of the Imperial-Royal Landwehr were, however, an exception and very well equipped). Hungarian politicians repeatedly demanded a separate Hungarian army. The monarch agreed a compromise in the 1867 accord: the two halves of the empire should be allowed their own territorial forces in addition to the common army. Hungary immediately began to establish

neg: Nicholas II of Russia was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food

neg: Crystal Cubism military at the fortress city of Toul, late 1914 early 1915. His arrival in Paris after his self-imposed exile saw the new style already underway. Yet independently, Gleizes had been working in a similar direction as early as 1914-15: "Portrait of an Army Doctor (Portrait d'un médecin militaire)", 1914-15 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum); "Musician (Florent Schmitt)", 1915 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum); and with a much more ambitious subject matter: "Le Port de New York", 1917 (Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum). Gleizes' mobilization was not a major obstacle to his production of artwork, though, working primarily on small scale, he did produce one relatively

neg: July Crisis and Nicky correspondence") the two proclaimed their desire for peace, and each attempted to get the other to back down. Nicholas desired that Russia's mobilization be only against the Austrian border, in the hopes of preventing war with the German Empire. However, his army had no contingency plans for a partial mobilization, and on 31 July 1914 Nicholas took the fateful step of confirming the order for general mobilization, despite being strongly counseled against it. In the evening of Thursday, July 30, with Berlin's strenuous efforts to persuade Vienna to some form of negotiation, and with Bethmann Hollweg still awaiting

neg: 4th Landwehr Division (German Empire) 4th Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 4th Landwehr Division ("4. Landwehr-Division") was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher "Landwehr" Commander 4" ("Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 4"). The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves, and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat. The division was primarily raised in the Prussian provinces of

neg: 2nd Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 2nd Landwehr Division's order of battle on January 5, 1918, was as follows: 2nd Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 2nd Landwehr Division ("2. Landwehr-Division") was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher "Landwehr" Commander 2" ("Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 2"). The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers, who had passed from the reserves and were intended primarily for occupation and security

neg: 3rd Landwehr Division (German Empire) 3rd Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 3rd Landwehr Division ("3. Landwehr-Division") was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher "Landwehr" Commander 3" ("Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 3"). The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves, and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat. While the division was a Landwehr formation, at the

neg: 2nd Landwehr Division (German Empire) 2nd Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 2nd Landwehr Division ("2. Landwehr-Division") was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher "Landwehr" Commander 2" ("Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 2"). The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers, who had passed from the reserves and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather than heavy combat. However, the circumstances of war often changed this. On

neg: 1st Landwehr Division (German Empire) 1st Landwehr Division (German Empire) The 1st Landwehr Division ("1. Landwehr-Division") was an infantry division of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 under the "Higher "Landwehr" Commander 1" ("Höherer Landwehr-Kommandeur 1") and, initially, also referred to as the "Landwehr-Division Goltz" after its commander. The Landwehr was the third category of the German Army, after the regular Army and the reserves. Thus Landwehr divisions were made up of older soldiers who had passed from the reserves, and were intended primarily for occupation and security duties rather

neg: Richard von Schubert ennobled by Wilhelm II, in his capacity as King of Prussia and afterwards known as "Richard von Schubert". He retired in 1911. Upon mobilization in August 1914, Schubert was recalled from retirement and given command of the German XIV Reserve Corps. His Corps participated in the Battle of Mulhouse and the Battle of Lorraine, as part of the 7th Army. After six weeks, on 18 September 1914, he was sent to the Russian Front to take over the command of the 8th Army from Paul von Hindenburg. Here he ordered his subordinate, General Hermann von François, to withdraw after the

neg: Mobilization mobilized on the frontiers of both Powers. On July 28, 1914, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (William's cousin) ordered partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary only. While war with Austria-Hungary seemed inevitable, Nicholas engaged in a personal dialogue with the German Emperor in an attempt to avoid war with Germany. However, Nicholas was advised that attempts to improvise a partial mobilization would lead to chaos and probable defeat if, as pessimists on the Russian side expected, no amount of diplomacy could convince the Germans to refrain from attacking Russia whilst she was engaged with Germany's ally. On July 29, 1914, the Tsar

neg: 36th Division (German Empire) Hundred Days Offensive. Allied intelligence rated the division as an excellent combat division but considered it second class by 1918, mainly due to the losses it suffered during that year's battles. The organization of the 36th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows: On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 36th Division was redesignated the

neg: 7th Cavalry Division (German Empire) that of an infantry company). Allied Intelligence rated this division as 4th Class (of 4 classes). It's late war organisation was: 7th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 7th Cavalry Division ("7. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was initially assigned to III Cavalry Corps, which preceded 6th Army's advance on the Western Front. In October 1915, it was engaged in occupation duties

neg: 14th Reserve Division (German Empire) on January 1, 1918, was as follows: 14th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 14th Reserve Division ("14. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was a reserve division of the VII Reserve Corps and was recruited primarily in the Province of Westphalia and the Rhine Province. The division included an active infantry brigade from the 14th Division. The 14th Reserve Division

neg: 3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire) 3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 3rd Cavalry Division ("3. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in November 1916. It was initially assigned to IV Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 4th and 5th Armies on the Western Front. In December 1914, it was involved in occupation duties in Belgium. On 6 April 1915, it was transferred to Russia and dissolved there on 1 September 1916. It was reformed in Hungary on 9 September 1916 and later

neg: 14th Reserve Division (German Empire) 14th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 14th Reserve Division ("14. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was a reserve division of the VII Reserve Corps and was recruited primarily in the Province of Westphalia and the Rhine Province. The division included an active infantry brigade from the 14th Division. The 14th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front, participating in

neg: 9th Cavalry Division (German Empire) 9th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 9th Cavalry Division ("9. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in March 1918. It was initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front. On 27 November 1914, it was transferred to Russia. It was dismounted in October 1916 and dissolved on 3 March 1918. A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German-language version of this article. On formation,

neg: 6th Cavalry Division (German Empire) NCOs and other ranks, which was considerably less than that of an infantry company. Allied Intelligence rated this division as 4th Class (of four classes). Its late war organization was: 6th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 6th Cavalry Division ("6. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army that fought on Eastern and Western Fronts during World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. After formation, the division was initially assigned to IV Cavalry Corps,

neg: 8th Cavalry Division (German Empire) the Masurian Lakes. It was dismounted in 1917 and dissolved on 9 April 1918. A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German-language version of this article. On formation, in August 1914, the component units of the division were: See: Table of Organisation and Equipment 8th Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 8th Cavalry Division ("8. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was dissolved in April 1918. The majority of the division was drawn from the Kingdom

neg: 3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire) moved to Transylvania. It was finally dissolved in November 1916. A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German-language version of this article. On formation, in August 1914, the component units of the division were: See: Table of Organisation and Equipment 3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 3rd Cavalry Division ("3. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in November 1916. It was initially assigned to IV Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 4th and 5th

neg: 1st Army (France) in the 1980s. 1st Army (France) The First Army () was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. It was also active during the Cold War. On mobilization in August 1914, General Auguste Dubail was put in the charge of the First Army, which comprised the 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th, and 21st Army Corps, two divisions of cavalry and one reserve infantry division. It was massed between Belfort and the general line Mirecourt-Lunéville with headquarters at Epinal. First Army then took part, along with the French Second Army, in the Invasion of

neg: 1st Army (France) 1st Army (France) The First Army () was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. It was also active during the Cold War. On mobilization in August 1914, General Auguste Dubail was put in the charge of the First Army, which comprised the 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th, and 21st Army Corps, two divisions of cavalry and one reserve infantry division. It was massed between Belfort and the general line Mirecourt-Lunéville with headquarters at Epinal. First Army then took part, along with the French Second Army, in the Invasion of Lorraine. The First

neg: 5th Bavarian Reserve Division Bavarian Reserve Infantry Brigade headquarters and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment. Over the course of the war, other units were exchanged with other divisions, cavalry was reduced, engineers increased, and an artillery command and a divisional signals command were created. The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division's order of battle on April 4, 1918, was as follows: 5th Bavarian Reserve Division The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division ("5. Bayerische Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part

neg: II Cavalry Corps (German Empire) II Cavalry Corps (German Empire) The II Cavalry Corps ( literally: Higher Cavalry Command 2) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. The corps was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and dissolved 23 January 1915 as the onset of trench warfare in the west negated the requirement for large cavalry formations. It was commanded throughout its existence by General der Kavallerie Georg von der Marwitz. Initially on the Western Front with 2nd, 4th and 9th Cavalry Divisions preceding 1st and 2nd Armies. Withdrawn to Belgium at the end of November 1914.

neg: IV Cavalry Corps (German Empire) IV Cavalry Corps (German Empire) The IV Cavalry Corps ( literally: Higher Cavalry Command 4) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. The corps was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and dissolved in January 1915 as the onset of trench warfare negated the requirement for large cavalry formations. It was commanded throughout its existence by General der Kavallerie Gustav Freiherr von Hollen. Initially on the Western Front with 3rd and 6th Cavalry Divisions preceding 4th and 5th Armies. Transferred to the East on 14 November 1914. Dissolved January 1915. Initially, the

neg: Antonin de Selliers de Moranville Antonin de Selliers de Moranville Antonin Leonard Maurice Ghislain, Knight de Selliers de Moranville (Saint-Josse-ten-Noode 1852 – Ixelles 1945) was a Belgian General. He was born into an old catholic noble family; his father was Léonard de Selliers de Moranville, knight of Selliers de Moranville (1803–1856). He married Octavie Hector, from whom he had 7 children. Until 1869 student at the École Royale Militaire. Until 1914 Commander in Chief of the Rijkswacht. Chief Commander of the Belgian army since 25 May until 6 September 1914. During his office the Kingdom was invaded by the German troops and the Belgian mobilization

neg: 34th Division (German Empire) Somme (after the 1916 battle), and the Battle of St. Quentin. It then fought in the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the Oise-Aisne offensive. Allied intelligence rated the division as a good division, one of the best of the second class divisions, and the XVI Army Corps as one of the best in the German Army. The organization of the 34th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows: On mobilization in August 1914, at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split

neg: German ocean-going torpedo boats and destroyers of World War I Boat Flotilla of the High Seas Fleet, (replacing "V 151-V 161"). Mobilization Program 48 vessels ordered 6 Aug 1914 as part of the mobilization of the German armed forces for the First World War. The first two, "S 49" and "S 50" had been originally projected as replacements for "S35" and "S 36", which were sold to Greece in April 1914. Mobilization Program (Aug 1914) Four vessels ordered on 7 Aug 1914 and 10 Aug 1914 to make use of machinery sets constructed in Germany for the Russian Orfey-class destroyers "Leitenant Ilin, Kapitan Konon-Zotov, Gavriil" and "Michail". October 1914 order

neg: 33rd Division (German Empire) then fought in the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the Battle of Champagne-Marne and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Allied intelligence rated the division as first class and the XVI Army Corps as one of the best in the German Army. The organization of the 33rd Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows: On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher

neg: July Crisis to deter Austria from war, the Russian Council of Ministers ordered a partial mobilization against Austria. On 25 July 1914, the council of ministers was held in Krasnoye Selo at which Tsar Nicholas II decided to intervene in the Austro-Serbian conflict, a step toward general war. He put the Russian army on alert on 25 July. Although this was not mobilization, it threatened the German and Austrian borders and looked like a military declaration of war. Despite the fact that she had no alliance with Serbia, the Council agreed to a secret partial mobilisation of over one million men of

neg: 2nd Army (Austria-Hungary) 2nd Army (Austria-Hungary) The 2nd Army (), later designated East Army (), was a field army-level command of Austro-Hungarian Army that was active during World War I. It was initially formed to take part in the Balkans Campaign before being transferred to the Eastern Front. In the final stages of the war, the army was evacuated from Ukraine before demobilizing in November 1918. The 2nd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar plans for the formation of six field armies. Just as all

neg: Historiography of the causes of World War I race and having the general staffs develop elaborate railway timetables for mobilization, the continental powers hoped to develop a deterrent that would lead to other powers seeing the risk of war as too dangerous. When the crisis began in the summer of 1914, the need to mobilize faster than potential opponents made the leaders of 1914 prisoners of their logistics. The railway timetables forced invasion (of Belgium from Germany) as an unavoidable physical and logistical consequence of German mobilization. Taylor argued that the mobilization that was meant to serve as a threat and deterrent to war instead relentlessly caused a

neg: 30th Bavarian Reserve Division 30th Bavarian Reserve Division The 30th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division ("30. Kgl. Bayerische Reserve-Division") was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was initially the Main Reserve, Fortress Strasbourg ("Hauptreserve/Festung Straßburg") and was designated the 30th Reserve Division ("30. Reserve-Division") from mobilization in August 1914. It was almost entirely made up of Bavarian units and thus, on December 26, 1916, it was renamed the 30th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division. It spent the war engaged in positional warfare in the Vosges mountains of France and the Alsace-Lorraine region. On mobilization, the division comprised three

neg: French Army in World War I being mobilized in the summer of 1914 and the costly battles on the Western Front forced France to conscript men up to the age of 45. This was done by the mobilization in 1914 of the Territorial Army and its reserves; comprising men who had completed their peacetime service with the active and reserve armies (ages 20–34). In June 1915, the Allied countries met in the first inter-Allied conference. Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Serbia and Russia agreed to coordinate their attacks but the attempts were frustrated by German offensives on the Eastern Front and spoiling offensives at Ypres and in

neg: Vladimir Dragomirov Vladimir Dragomirov Vladimir Mikhailovich Dragomirov (1862–1928) was a general in Imperial Russian Army. He was the son of Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov, a prominent Russian General. His brother Abram Dragomirov, was also a general in the Imperial Russian Army. Vladimir joined the Imperial Army, and in 1909 was District Quartermaster for the Kiev Military District, with the rank of major general. He served as a Tsarist general for most of the First World War. During the mobilization on July 19, 1914, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Third Army. Dragomirov commanded the 8th Army Corps between 16.12.1914 — 23.03.1915

neg: 3rd Army (Austria-Hungary) 3rd Army (Austria-Hungary) The 3rd Army () was a field army-level command within the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was primarily active on the Eastern Front against the Russian Empire and in the Balkans against Serbia and Montenegro. Later on, the 3rd Army took part in some fighting on the Italian Front before returning to the eastern theater by 1917 to repulse the Kerensky Offensive. Its remaining units were merged with the 7th Army in January 1918. The 3rd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on

neg: Gymnasium Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Košutić, Milan Šević, Pavle Vujević, Aleksa Ivić, Radivoj Kašanin, Radivoj Petrović, Jovan Maksimović, Mileta Jakšić, Miloje Milojević, Petar Konjović, and many others. Profoundly opposed interests of the great powers in 1914 will plunge mankind into World War I. Due to its vicinity to the battlefield the school's premises were taken over by the army in 1914 and in 1915 it was turned into a military hospital. The teaching staff was scarce on the account of mobilization and other war effects and in the school years 1914/1915 and 1915/1916 only the exams were organized in the school. During the school years

neg: Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 was a reserve infantry regiment in the German Imperial Army organized during the mobilization period of August 1914, and remained in service through to the end of the First World War. In accordance with the mobilization plan, the Regiment began to organize in Flensburg (I. & II. Batls.) and Schleswig (III. Batl.) and was assigned to 35. Infanterie-Brigade, 18. Reserve-Division, IX. Reserve-Armee-Korps. Its organization was completed on August 9. Once the regiment was fully organized it was deployed south of Flensburg until August 22 to serve as a border guard against Denmark. Between August

neg: Adrianus Antonius van Nijnatten 2nd lieutenant in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army on Celebes. From 1914 to 1921 he was a captain in Breda and then in Maastricht, where he later became a major. Afterwards he was stationed in Venlo as an instructor of the Civil Guard Limburg. Until 1935 he was commander of the 13th Infantry Regiment in Maastricht with the rank of lieutenant colonel. From 1935 to 1938 he was a colonel and commandant of the forces in Amersfoort. On 1 May 1938 he was promoted to major general and made commander of the Third Army Corps. During the Dutch mobilization,

neg: Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 22 and 24, the regiment was transported to Belgium, where it detrained in Esemael north of Brussels. The regiment's strength upon departure was: 83 officers, 3190 other ranks, and 240 horses. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 86 was a reserve infantry regiment in the German Imperial Army organized during the mobilization period of August 1914, and remained in service through to the end of the First World War. In accordance with the mobilization plan, the Regiment began to organize in Flensburg (I. & II. Batls.) and Schleswig (III. Batl.) and was assigned to 35. Infanterie-Brigade, 18. Reserve-Division, IX. Reserve-Armee-Korps. Its

neg: 8th Ersatz Division (German Empire) with other divisions, cavalry was reduced, engineers increased, and an artillery command and a divisional signals command were created. The 8th Ersatz Division's order of battle on February 2, 1917, when it was officially named a Royal Württemberg division and shortly before being renamed the 243rd Infantry Division, was as follows: 8th Ersatz Division (German Empire) The 8th Ersatz Division ("8. Ersatz-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was a composite division, formed from 14 brigade replacement battalions ("Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone") from

neg: 1st Army (Austria-Hungary) fight against the Romanian forces, subordinated to Army Front Archduke Joseph, including the Second Battle of Oituz. The actions during the summer of 1917 near Oituz, spearheaded by the VIII Corps, resulted in the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army taking significant casualties and only advancing 2-6 kilometers. In February 1918 it was subordinated to Army Front Kövess. Austro-Hungarian casualties were extremely high on the Eastern Front, and the casualty-struck 1st Army had to be disbanded on 15 April 1918, as conclusion of the peace treaty with Romania was imminent. Upon mobilization in August 1914, the 1st Army consisted of three corps, along

neg: 12th Siberian Rifle Division (Russian Empire) 12th Siberian Rifle Division (Russian Empire) The 12th Siberian Rifle Division was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army. The division was formed between 18 July and 31 August 1914 in Irkutsk from a mobilization division, the 7th Siberian Rifle Division. The division included the 45th and 46th Siberian Rifle Regiments in its 1st Brigade, and the 47th and 48th Siberian Rifle Regiments in its 2nd Brigade. Artillery support was provided by the 12th Siberian Artillery Brigade, and the division was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolai Sulimov. The division was part of the 7th Siberian Army Corps for the