query: what event began the second front in world war ii

pos: Western Front (World War II) with the Battle of Britain. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching

pos: Western Front (World War II) with the Battle of Britain. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching

neg: Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II This is a Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II covering Britain 1939–45. For a brief narrative see United Kingdom home front during World War II, as well as History of Scotland#Second World War 1939-45 and History of Northern Ireland#Second World War. For the military story see Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II for foreign affairs, Diplomatic history of World War II. For the government see Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill. For a narrative history and bibliography of

neg: Front (military formation) seen in the context of the strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II. Soviet fronts in the European Theatre during the Second World War from 1941 to 1945: For constituent armies see List of Soviet armies. The Soviet Army maintained contingencies for establishing fronts in the event of war. During the Cold War, fronts and their staffs became groups of Soviet forces in the Warsaw Pact organization. The front was to be the highest operational command during wartime. Though there was no front ever established during peace time the basic building blocks were maintained the established Military

neg: Bridge of Flowers (event) border, which had been tightly enforced since World War II (for two decades prior to which much of Moldova had been part of the Kingdom of Romania), gathered on each bank, many crossing what had been described as a watery Berlin Wall to see family members long separated by the frontier. The number of participants has been estimated at 1.2 million people. At Ungheni, approximately 250,000 crossed the border. The demonstration organized by the Cultural league for the unity of Romanians everywhere, in collaboration with the Bucharest–Chișinău Cultural Society and the Popular Front of Moldova, began early in the morning

neg: Adela Jusic Front and their position in the aftermath of the Second World War. First central segment of her work is related to the portrayals of women partisans, their representation in NOB, women's narratives and their oral history. Such works include "What has our struggle given us?" (2013), which is a mixed media work inspired by the book Women heroes on life stories of 10 Bosnian heroines from World War II. Another example of Jušić's work is "Unknown Partisan woman" (2016). After the World War II in Yugoslavia, Partisans whose names were not known were buried under the gravestone that instead of

neg: Cotabato City off from Cotabato town since the year 1913, with Pikit being the first one founded by Cebuano Christian colonists. Dulawan (now Datu Piang, Maguindanao) and Midsayap were incorporated as regular municipalities in 1936. In 1942, at the beginning of the Pacific Front of World War II, the Japanese Imperial forces entered what is now Maguindanao province. In 1945, Maguindanao was liberated by allied Philippine Commonwealth troops and Muslim Maguindanaoan guerrilla units after defeating the Japanese Imperial forces in the Battle of Maguindanao during the Second World War. In August 18, 1947, just two years after the Second World War and

neg: SS Quinault Victory U.S. home front disaster of World War II. Mariners killed: Naval Armed Guards killed: Mariners injured: The names of those killed aboard "Quinault Victory" are listed at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial which was dedicated in 1994. SS Quinault Victory In what may have been the shortest life of any vessel built under the Emergency Shipbuilding program of World War II, the SS "Quinault Victory" began with her keel laying in Portland, Oregon on May 3, 1944 and ended 12 weeks later with her keel up in the shallow waters of Suisun Bay, California on July 17, 1944.

neg: World War II posters from the Soviet Union crude caricatures, while others were paintings on military topics or popular photos, presented with an explanation of an event, a quote from the works of Vladimir Lenin or Joseph Stalin, or a poetic comment. World War II posters from the Soviet Union Soviet posters during the Eastern Front were visual aids meant to elaborate a certain point in an accessible form, such as the attitudes of the Soviet Government to current events taking place at the front, prevention of defeatism and pessimism, or the inspiration of the troops and the people. The Soviet posters of World War II are works

neg: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park Federal military authorities and private industry began to work closely together on a scale never seen before in American history. This laid the groundwork for what became known as the "military-industrial complex" during the Cold War years. Noted architect Albert Kahn is credited with the design of the Ford plant in Richmond. After World War II, Ford moved its Northern California factory to Milpitas, where it became known as the San Jose Assembly Plant. The plant building has been restored and now houses a variety of private businesses along with the NPS visitor center. The four Richmond Shipyards were part

neg: Eastern Front (World War II) the Second World War constituted the largest military confrontation in history. They were characterized by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and massacres. The Eastern Front, as the site of nearly all extermination camps, death marches, ghettos, and the majority of pogroms, was central to the Holocaust. Of the estimated 70 million deaths attributed to World War II, over 30 million, the majority of them civilian, occurred on the Eastern Front. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of operations in World War

neg: Josef Jennewein in downhill and the combined event. In 1946, the results were cancelled by the FIS because of the limited number of participants from only German-friendly countries during World War II. Jennewein flew 271 missions in claiming 86 victories, with five on the Western Front and 81 on the Eastern Front. He went missing in action following combat east of Orel on 27 July 1943. Josef Jennewein Josef Jennewein (21 November 1919 – 27 July 1943) was a German alpine skier and world champion. During World War II, he served in the Wehrmacht and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross

neg: 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War II the brigade, again as part of the 1st Canadian Division, participated in the Allied Invasion of Sicily and then later fought in the Italian campaign. It was demobilized for the second time at the end of the war. World War I World War II 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade The 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade was a formation of the Canadian Army in both World War I and World War II. The brigade fought on the Western Front during the First World War, and in Sicily and Italy during the Second World War. First formed on 29 August 1914, the

neg: Historiography of World War II War", which earned him a reputation as a revisionist—that is, a historian who sharply changes which party was "guilty." The book had a quick, profound impact, upsetting many readers. Taylor argued against the standard thesis that the outbreak of the Second World War – by which Taylor specifically meant the war that broke out in September 1939 – was the result of an intentional plan on the part of guilty Adolf Hitler. He began his book with the statement that too many people have accepted uncritically what he called the "Nuremberg Thesis", that the Second World War was the result

neg: Opening Campaign and the beginning of the year of 1946, when the war began to become more serious. By then, the communists were pinned down in the northeast and the Nationalists controlled most of China. Opening Campaign The Opening Campaign of the Chinese Civil War was the second phase of the conflict, beginning at the end of World War II with the surrender of Japan. After the war ended, the Second United Front had no more meaning, and it disbanded. The generals of the nationalist and communist causes scrapped for territory, beginning the second chapter of the bloody conflict. Japan's defeat at

neg: European theatre of World War II European theatre of World War II The European theatre of World War II, also known as the Second European War, was a huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany's and the Soviet Union's joint invasion of Poland in September 1939 until the end of the war with the Soviet Union conquering most of Eastern Europe along with the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 (Victory in Europe Day). The Allied forces fought the Axis powers on two major fronts (the Eastern Front and Western Front) as well as in a massive air war and in the adjoining

neg: Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II The strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II were major military events carried out between 1941 and 1945 on the Eastern Front or in 1945 in the Far East during the Second World War. Such operations typically involved at least one Red Army Front - the largest functional unit of the Soviet armed forces. The operations could be defensive, offensive, a withdrawal, an encirclement, or a siege - always conducted by at least two Services of the armed forces (the ground forces and the air forces) and

neg: SS Red Oak Victory part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park. SS Red Oak Victory SS "Red Oak Victory" is a U.S. military Victory ship of the used in the Second World War. She was preserved to serve as a museum ship in Richmond, California, and is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park. She was one of 534 Victories built during World War II, but one of only a few of these ships to be transferred from the Merchant Marine to the United States Navy. She was named after Red Oak,

neg: Opening Campaign Opening Campaign The Opening Campaign of the Chinese Civil War was the second phase of the conflict, beginning at the end of World War II with the surrender of Japan. After the war ended, the Second United Front had no more meaning, and it disbanded. The generals of the nationalist and communist causes scrapped for territory, beginning the second chapter of the bloody conflict. Japan's defeat at the end of the Pacific War left a power vacuum across large parts of China, as the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek and the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong began to take over

neg: King Michael's Coup King Michael's Coup King Michael's Coup was a "coup d'état" led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II.

neg: Karl Bülowius of "Generalmajor" in the game and can be killed by any Allied Forces unit. In campaign mode, Bülowius can only be utilized by the AI opponent. He may be seen in other video games related to World War II that involve either the Eastern Front and/or the North Africa campaign. Karl Bülowius Karl Robert Max Bülowius (2 March 1890 – 27 March 1945) was a German Army officer who served during the First World War and the Second World War. He also served eleven non-consecutive years for the Weimar Republic during the interwar period which began in 1919 and ended

neg: Shinee World II Shinee World II Shinee World II (promoted as SHINee CONCERT "SHINee WORLD II") is the second concert tour by South Korean boy group, Shinee. The tour, travelling to different cities across Asia, began in Seoul on July 21, 2012. On July 21 and 22, 2012 Shinee held their second concert at Olympic Gymnastics Arena and performed in front of 20,000 fans. Shinee members added, Shinee held the concert in Taiwan for two days, on September 15 and 16. The group performed in the Taipei Arena where they performed in front of 18,000 fans. Shinee held a concert at AsiaWorld-Arena in

neg: Shinee World II Shinee World II Shinee World II (promoted as SHINee CONCERT "SHINee WORLD II") is the second concert tour by South Korean boy group, Shinee. The tour, travelling to different cities across Asia, began in Seoul on July 21, 2012. On July 21 and 22, 2012 Shinee held their second concert at Olympic Gymnastics Arena and performed in front of 20,000 fans. Shinee members added, Shinee held the concert in Taiwan for two days, on September 15 and 16. The group performed in the Taipei Arena where they performed in front of 18,000 fans. Shinee held a concert at AsiaWorld-Arena in

neg: Alexandru Vaida-Voevod began to manifest itself in measures of repression encouraged by the Legionaries), led to a split between the Prime Minister and his Party. His second government fell because of Armand Călinescu, who was a staunch opponent of the Legionary Movement. On 25 February 1935 he created his own movement, the Romanian Front, which survived through the increasingly authoritarian regime of Carol II, the National Legionary State, Antonescu's regime and most of World War II. It was dissolved after 1944 when Communist Party gained influence with Soviet backing. Nevertheless, the party never eluded obscurity in front of competition from the Legionaries,

neg: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II The United Kingdom, along with most of its Dominions and Crown colonies declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939, after the German invasion of Poland. War with Japan began in December 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia. The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in 1945. For the domestic history see home fronts during World War II and Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II. Although the UK had increased military spending and funding prior to 1939 in response to the increasing

neg: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II to be no far eastern equivalent of the combined bomber offensive of Europe. Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II The United Kingdom, along with most of its Dominions and Crown colonies declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939, after the German invasion of Poland. War with Japan began in December 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia. The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in 1945. For the domestic history see home fronts during World War II and Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II. Although the UK had

neg: S-75 Dvina posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two countries. Consequently, the Soviets initiated the development of improved air defence systems. Although the Soviet Air Defence Forces had large numbers of anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), including radar-directed batteries, the limitations of guns versus high-altitude jet bombers were obvious. Therefore, the Soviet Air Defence Forces began the development of missile systems to replace the World War II-vintage gun defences. In 1953, KB-2 began the development of what became the S-75 under the direction of Pyotr Grushin. This program focused on producing a missile which

neg: Hans Joachim Schaufuß Hans Joachim Schaufuß Hans Joachim Schaufuß (transliterated: Schaufuss) (28 December 1918 – 27 October 1941) was a German actor. Schaufuß began as a child actor, appearing in "Emil and the Detectives" (1931) and "The White Demon" (1932). From the mid-1930s he began to appear in more mature roles. He was killed in Oryol in the Soviet Union while serving on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. Schaufuß would be one of three young actors from "Emil and the Detectives" to be killed while serving in the military in World War II. Co-stars Rolf Wenkhaus would be killed in

neg: Idaho World War II Army Airfields remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as U.S. Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Assigned to Second Air Force Assigned to Fourth Air Force: Assigned to Second Air Force: Assigned to Second Air Force: Idaho World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Idaho for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters

neg: Amiot 143 1938, the Amiot was quite out of date and began to be replaced by modern aircraft such as the Bloch MB.131. Nevertheless, at the outbreak of the Second World War, Amiot 143s equipped 5 metropolitan "groupes" together with a single African based "groupe". During the Phoney War, Amiot 143M groupes carried out reconnaissance and leaflet raids over Germany. 87 Amiot 143M remained in front line service on 10 May 1940, 50 equipping four metropolitan "groupes": GBs I/34 and II/34 in the north, GBs I/38 and II/38 in the East and 17 equipping one African groupe, GB II/63, which was in

neg: United Kingdom home front during World War II United Kingdom home front during World War II The United Kingdom home front during World War II covers the political, social and economic history 1939-45. See also Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II and Diplomatic history of World War II. The common experience of suffering wartime hardships placed on the political agenda a new consensus regarding the need for a post-war welfare state: universal social security, a free national health service, improved secondary education, expanded housing, and family allowances. The success of the wartime government

neg: World War II into Manchuria. The two nations then fought several battles, in Shanghai, Rehe and Hebei, until the Tanggu Truce was signed in 1933. Thereafter, Chinese volunteer forces continued the resistance to Japanese aggression in Manchuria, and Chahar and Suiyuan. After the 1936 Xi'an Incident, the Kuomintang and communist forces agreed on a ceasefire to present a united front to oppose Japan. The Second Italo–Ethiopian War was a brief colonial war that began in October 1935 and ended in May 1936. The war began with the invasion of the Ethiopian Empire (also known as Abyssinia) by the armed forces of the Kingdom

neg: Operation Tractable Operation Tractable Operation Tractable was the final attack conducted by Canadian and Polish troops, supported by a British tank brigade, during the Battle of Normandy during World War II. The operation was to capture the tactically important French town of Falaise and then the smaller towns of Trun and Chambois. This operation was undertaken by the First Canadian Army with the 1st Polish Armoured Division ("Generał brygady" Stanisław Maczek) and a British armoured brigade against Army Group B of the "Westheer" in what became the largest encirclement on the Western Front during the Second World War. Despite a slow start

neg: Midhat Frashëri from 1922 to 1926. Under the Zog regime in 1925, Mid’hat left public life and opened a bookstore in Tirana, and also worked as a pharmacist. He himself possessed an exceptionally large private library of some 20,000 volumes, the largest collection in the country at the time. With the rise of Germany and World War II looking inevitable, Mid'hat began forming the National Front (Balli Kombëtar) to use in the war to create Ethnic Albania. He was the leader of the Balli Kombëtar nationalist movement during the Second World War. Balli Kombëtar was a political organization that mainly fought for

neg: International Pageant of Pulchritude International Pageant of Pulchritude The International Pageant of Pulchritude, also known as Miss Universe or the International Beauty Contest, was a beauty contest that began in 1920, featuring contestants from multiple nations. This pageant originated the title "Miss Universe" and was the first international contest. The last pageant event in the United States was held in 1931 although additional Miss Universe events were held until 1935. This contest served as a model for modern contests that began after World War II. The contest originated in Galveston, Texas, United States. The last Miss Universe event of this pre-World War II era

neg: Tyne Stop Line Tyne Stop Line The Tyne Stop Line, which ran from the Rede Valley in Northumberland to Newcastle upon Tyne, formed part of the defences constructed to meet the threat of a Nazi invasion during World War II. Part of a network of such features, the Tyne Stop Line formed what would have been the principal defensive front for North East England against any attack coming from the north. In the event of invasion, the intention was that the advancing German forces would have been held up at the Coquet Stop Line 30 miles to the north in Northumberland, enabling the

neg: Tuva in World War II Tuva in World War II The Tuvan People’s Republic entered World War II on the side of the countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition on June 22, 1941, simultaneously with the outbreak of World War II. The Tuva volunteer forces took part in the battles on the eastern front as part of the formations of the Workers and Peasants Red Army. On October 14, 1944, the Tuva People's Republic became part of the Soviet Union, becoming the Tuva Autonomous Region. From that moment on, the Tuvans participated in hostilities until the end of the Second World War as citizens of the

neg: Irregular military control various local militias, the Provincial Marine were used to support British regular forces in Canada. Use of large irregular forces featured heavily in wars such as the American Revolution, the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War, the Franco-Prussian War, the Russian Civil War, the Second Boer War, Liberation war of Bangladesh, Vietnam War, and especially the Eastern Front of World War II where hundreds of thousands of partisans fought on both sides. The Chinese People's Liberation Army began as a peasant guerilla force which in time transformed itself into a large regular force. This transformation was foreseen

neg: Tim Hortons Brier would continue to be played at the Granite Club in Toronto through to the 1940 competition. After then, the event would travel around the country, and would be played in all 10 provinces. Also at this point, rocks were coloured differently for each team and were matched to be of equal size. Play was discontinued between 1943 and 1945 due to World War II. After World War II, the event became more of a popular sporting spectacle across the country thanks to Macdonald Tobacco enlisting media outlets to cover the event. In 1946, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) began covering

neg: Women in World War II Women in World War II Women in the Second World War took on many different roles during the War, including as combatants and workers on the home front. The Second World War involved global conflict on an unprecedented scale; the absolute urgency of mobilizing the entire population made the expansion of the role of women inevitable, although the particular roles varied from country to country. Millions of women of various ages died as a result of the war. Several hundred thousand women served in combat roles, especially in anti-aircraft units. The Soviet Union, for example, integrated women directly into their

neg: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park is a United States national historical park located in Richmond, California, near San Francisco. The park preserves and interprets the legacy of the United States home front during World War II, including the Kaiser Richmond Shipyards, the Victory ship SS "Red Oak Victory", a tank factory, housing developments and other facilities built to support America's entry into World War II. In particular, the role of women and in war industries is explored and honored. The park is a "partnership park",

neg: Montana World War II Army Airfields find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, returned to agriculture, or retained as United States Air Force installations that served as front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force Air Transport Command Montana World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Montana for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Most of these airfields were under the command of Second Air Force or

neg: Eastern Front (World War II) began just before dawn on 22 June 1941. The Germans cut the wire network in all Soviet western military districts to undermine Red Army's communications. Panicky transmissions from the Soviet front-line units to their command headquarters were picked up like this: "We are being fired upon. What shall we do?" The answer was just as confusing: "You must be insane. And why is your signal not in code?" At 03:15 on 22 June 1941, 99 of 190 German divisions, including fourteen panzer divisions and ten motorized, were deployed against the Soviet Union from the Baltic to the Black Sea. They

neg: Australian home front during World War II until 1943. The Darwin area was hit 64 times. Horn Island was struck 9 times, Broome and Exmouth Gulf 4 times, Townsville and Millingimbi three times, Port Hedland and Wyndham twice and Derby, Drysdale, Katherine, Mossman, Onslow, and Port Patterson once. Production of selected weapons for the Australian Army Australian aircraft production during World War II Australian home front during World War II Although most Australian civilians lived far from the front line of World War II, the Australian home front during World War II played a significant role in the Allied victory and led to permanent changes to Australian

neg: Fred L. Walker Fred L. Walker Major General Fred Livingood Walker (June 11, 1887 – October 6, 1969) was a highly decorated senior United States Army officer who served in both World War I and World War II and was awarded with the second highest military decorations in both wars, the Distinguished Service Cross. During World War I he commanded a battalion on the Western Front, fighting with distinction in the Second Battle of the Marne in July 1918. During World War II, Walker commanded the 36th (Texas) Infantry Division throughout its service in the Italian Campaign, from September 1943 until June 1944.

neg: The Falling Leaves The Falling Leaves The Falling Leaves is a poem written by Margaret Postgate-Cole (1893–1980) in November 1915 about World War I. Cole was an English atheist, feminist, pacifist, and socialist; her pacifist views influenced her poetry. Her brother was jailed for refusing to obey conscription. She wrote poems about World War I and against the government. In World War II she wrote propaganda poems in favour of the war. The poem is calm and demonstrates that people on the home front during the war remained ignorant of what was happening on the Western front. The poem says, "I saw the

neg: The Second World War (book) focus onto the Eastern Front, detailing Operation Barbarossa, the Battle of Moscow, Operation Blau, and the epic Battle of Stalingrad, a conflict which Beevor had previously written about. Simultaneously, he also depicts the events of Pearl Harbor, the ensuing events in Asia, the Pacific, North Africa, as well the Holocaust. As the Allies began to turn the war decisively in their favour. Alternating between the major events, Beevor details Operation Torch, American victories in the Pacific, and the Soviet counterattacks on the Eastern Front, the invasion of Sicily and Italy. In what Beevor terms the "Spring of Expectations", the Allies

neg: Home front during World War II Home front during World War II The home front covers the activities of the civilians in a nation at war. World War II was a total war; homeland production became even more invaluable to both the Allied and Axis powers. Life on the home front during World War II was a significant part of the war effort for all participants and had a major impact on the outcome of the war. Governments became involved with new issues such as rationing, manpower allocation, home defense, evacuation in the face of air raids, and response to occupation by an enemy power. The

neg: Oregon World War II Army Airfields roles. It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, though some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force Air Technical Service Command Oregon World War II Army Airfields Oregon World War II Army Airfields were the airfields built or repurposed during World War II for training pilots and aircrews of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)

neg: Salt Lake County, Utah II, was located in what is now Kearns and Taylorsville on the western side of the valley. After the camp was closed in 1946, the land was sold off for private development. Rapid postwar residential settlement of the area began. The federal government established other major defensive installations along the Wasatch Front and in the Great Salt Lake Desert during World War II, which stimulated the economy and brought more military and related personnel to the area, establishing Utah as a major military center that benefited from federal investment. In the nationwide suburban boom of the late 1940s, 1950s, and

neg: Operation Bolero Operation Bolero Operation Bolero was the commonly used reference for the code name of the United States military troop buildup in the United Kingdom during World War II in preparation for the initial cross-channel invasion plan known as Operation Roundup, to be implemented in mid-1943, or for its lesser contingency alternative, Operation Sledgehammer, to be executed in the fall of 1942 in the event of German setbacks or to ease Axis pressure on the Eastern Front. ("Bolero" was the code name used in official communications to stand in for "United Kingdom" when describing the theater or movements.) What later became

neg: Korean War reenactment Korean War reenactment Similar to a World War II reenactment, Korean War reenactments can be divided into two categories, "living history" or a public-oriented display (generally part of a larger venue) or as a "tactical event", a closed event where participants re-create a battle or event of the war. In this type of event, participants set up a display attempting to show the public a small part of what soldiers, marines, sailors or airmen experienced during the war. Such displays normally focus on the "material culture" of the military during the war, with tents, vehicles, weapons, and other everyday items

neg: Tyne Stop Line PRO/WO 199/1516 Tyne & Wear Archives Service document T136-102: "Home Guard Explosive Stores" "Twentieth Century Fortifications in England" Vols 1-3, Council for British Archaeology reports 1996 Tyne Stop Line The Tyne Stop Line, which ran from the Rede Valley in Northumberland to Newcastle upon Tyne, formed part of the defences constructed to meet the threat of a Nazi invasion during World War II. Part of a network of such features, the Tyne Stop Line formed what would have been the principal defensive front for North East England against any attack coming from the north. In the event of invasion, the

neg: Petre Dumitrescu Petre Dumitrescu Petre Dumitrescu (; 18 February 1882 – 15 January 1950) was a Romanian general during World War II who led the Romanian Third Army on its campaign against the Red Army in the eastern front. Dumitrescu was born in Dobridor, Dolj. He began his military training at the Artillery and Engineers Officers' School in 1901, graduating in 1903 with the rank of second lieutenant. Dumitrescu was promoted to lieutenant in 1906 and, five years later, to captain. That year, he was admitted into the Military Academy at Bucharest, graduating in 1913. When World War I started, Dumitrescu was

neg: American propaganda during World War II for such vague concepts, such as "Mom's apple pie," and concluded that American servicemen were idealistically soft and could be convinced to desert their allies. Stories for the home front recounted the soldiers' need for their sweethearts and families to remain as they were, because "they" were what the soldier were fighting for. As the war ended, real and fictional stories often featured women who left war work to return to their homes and to raise children. Women, particularly wives whose husbands were at war, and children were often portrayed as what was at risk in the war. Home-front posters

neg: Romanian armored cars during World War II Romanian armored cars during World War II During the Second World War, the Romanian Army possessed around 200 armored cars. These ranged from captured inoperable Soviet vehicles to modern German and Italian front line models, as well as internal security vehicles. At the start of World War II, Romania owned a total of 19 armored cars. All were used by the security battalion of "Conducător" Ion Antonescu. Six of these vehicles dated from World War I (two French Peugeot Armored Cars and four Russian Austin-Putilovs). The remaining thirteen were modern Czechoslovak vehicles which escaped from Ruthenia in early 1939, namely

neg: Australian home front during World War II Australian home front during World War II Although most Australian civilians lived far from the front line of World War II, the Australian home front during World War II played a significant role in the Allied victory and led to permanent changes to Australian society. During the war the Australian Government greatly expanded its powers in order to better direct the war effort, and Australia's industrial and human resources were focused on supporting the Allied armed forces. While there were only a relatively small number of attacks on civilian targets, many Australians feared that the country would be invaded during

neg: 2015 World Rally Championship After the last stage, Volkswagen Motorsport decided to retire Latvala's car – he had managed to recover up the order to 12th place – due to a rules loophole in relation to the following event, Rally México. Sébastien Ogier began the event by winning the shakedown, before the rally proper opened with a night-time special stage in the tunnels of Guanajuato city, a World Heritage Site as denoted by UNESCO. Thierry Neuville became the first leader of the event by winning the stage, in front of Lorenzo Bertelli. The second day of the event began with the first gravel section

neg: Strategic bombing during World War II to target civilian populations in order to terrorize and disrupt their usual activities. International law at the outset of World War II did not specifically forbid aerial bombardment of cities despite the prior occurrence of such bombing during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and the Second Sino-Japanese War. Strategic bombing during World War II began on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and the "Luftwaffe" (German Air Force) began bombing cities and the civilian population in Poland in an indiscriminate aerial bombardment campaign. As the war continued to expand, bombing by both the Axis and the Allies

neg: Western Front (World War II) Western Front (World War II) The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed

neg: Denmark in World War II In 1920 the country had regained possession of the northern part of Schleswig after losing the provinces during the Second Schleswig War in 1864. The Danish people were divided about what the best policy toward Germany might be. Few were ardent Nazis; some explored the economic possibilities of providing the German occupiers with supplies and goods; others eventually formed resistance groups towards the latter part of the war. The majority of Danes, however, were unwillingly compliant towards the Germans. Due to the relative ease of the occupation and copious amount of dairy products, Denmark earned the nickname "the Cream Front"

neg: Origins of the Cold War the early months of the war—which finally occurred on D-Day, June 6, 1944. The US and Britain initially indicated that they would open the second front in 1942, and then in 1943, but it was postponed both times. In early 1944 MI6 re-established Section IX, its prewar anti-Soviet section, and Philby took a position there. He was able to alert the NKVD about all British intelligence on the Soviets–including what the American OSS had shared with the British about the Soviets. Throughout World War II, the Soviet NKVD's mole Kim Philby had access to high-importance British MI6 intelligence, and passed

neg: Schweik in the Second World War Schweik in the Second World War Schweik in the Second World War ("Schweyk im Zweiten Weltkrieg") is a play by German dramatist and poet Bertolt Brecht. It was written by Brecht in 1943 while in exile in California, and is a retelling of the 1923 novel "The Good Soldier Švejk" by Jaroslav Hašek. "Schweik in the Second World War" is set in Nazi-occupied Prague and on the Russian Front during World War II. In a summary written for potential composer Kurt Weill (Hans Eisler, ultimately, became Brecht's chief musical collaborator for the work), it was written: "The Good Soldier Schweyk,

neg: Belgium in World War II any potential European conflict. In October 1936, King Leopold III announced that Belgium would remain neutral in the event of another war in Europe as part of what he termed an Independent Policy ("Politique d'Indépendance"). To this end, the Belgian government tried to steer a path away from alliances: leaving the Locarno Treaty, repudiating a defence pact with France signed in 1920 and receiving a guarantee of neutrality from Nazi Germany in 1937. During this period, the Belgian military was reorganized as an exclusively defensive force and began construction and modernization of fortifications around the country, particularly around Liège near

neg: Mountain warfare "fiamme verdi" ('green flames') collar patch, thus elevating them to a speciality within the Italian Infantry Corps. Also adopted was their distinctive headdress; the "Cappello Alpino" with its black feather, which led to them being nicknamed "Le Penne Nere" ('the Black Feathers'). They distinguished themselves during World War I as they fought against Austro-Hungarian soldiers in what has since been called the "War in snow and ice". During World War II, the Alpini fought mostly on the Eastern Front being tasked to hold the front in the Don river plains. In the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War,

neg: Eastern Front (World War II) of foreign affairs under Maxim Litvinov. This, as well as the reluctance of the British and French governments to sign a full-scale anti-German political and military alliance with the USSR, led to the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact between the Soviet Union and Germany in late August 1939. The separate Tripartite Pact between what became the three prime Axis Powers would not be signed until some four years after the Anti-Comintern pact. The war was fought between Nazi Germany, its allies and Finland, against the Soviet Union. The conflict began on 22 June 1941 with the Operation Barbarossa offensive, when Axis forces crossed

neg: Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant The Ford Richmond Plant, formally the Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant, in Richmond, California, was the largest assembly plant to be built on the West Coast and its conversion to wartime production during World War II aided the United States' war effort. The plant is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It currently houses the National Park Service visitor center, several private businesses and the Craneway Pavilion, an event venue. Built in 1930 during the Great Depression, the

neg: Northwood F.C. 1931, when they joined the Harrow & Wembley League. They were champions of this league for six years in a row just prior to World War II and three more times after the war. This success did not last, however, and the 1950s and 1960s were mainly spent playing local junior-level football. In 1969 the Woods joined the Middlesex County Senior League. Northwood began life as Northwood Rovers and later United, but after The Second World War they dropped the suffix, to become what they are today – simply Northwood FC. In 1978, Northwood won the Middlesex League Championship and

neg: Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant venue for West Edge Opera's summer opera festival. Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant The Ford Richmond Plant, formally the Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant, in Richmond, California, was the largest assembly plant to be built on the West Coast and its conversion to wartime production during World War II aided the United States' war effort. The plant is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It currently houses the National Park Service visitor center, several private businesses and the Craneway Pavilion, an event venue.

neg: Serbian National Defense Council a million dollars for Serbs in the Balkans, and recruited 17,000 American Serb volunteers to fight on the Salonika Front. By 1941, SND headquarters were relocated to Chicago, Illinois, under the leadership of Mihailo Dučić, and the organization's activities and influence waned. With the arrival of Mihailo's brother, Jovan Dučić, an esteemed writer/diplomat, the Serbian National Defense Council was revived. Throughout the Second World War, the SND was heavily engaged in collecting relief funds for Serbs and supporting the Chetnik cause. After World War II, the Pro-Tito US government under the FARA act, began an intensive probe into all Serbian

neg: SS Red Oak Victory SS Red Oak Victory SS "Red Oak Victory" is a U.S. military Victory ship of the used in the Second World War. She was preserved to serve as a museum ship in Richmond, California, and is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park. She was one of 534 Victories built during World War II, but one of only a few of these ships to be transferred from the Merchant Marine to the United States Navy. She was named after Red Oak, Iowa, which suffered a disproportionate number of casualties in early World War II

neg: Western Front (World War II) superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. Western Front (World War II) The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium,

neg: American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II World War II. An earlier design, the M6 Heavy Tank, was not accepted for series production and only 40 were produced. Work began in early 1945 to develop a significantly heavier variant of the M26 Pershing, the T32 heavy tank, but after the end of the World War II, the project was cancelled and the vehicles were scrapped. American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II This page details tank production by the United States of America during World War II. By the time the United States entered the Second World War in 1942 they had only two tanks

neg: Ilse Buding Ilse Buding Ilse Buding (born 22 November 1939) is a German former tennis player of Romanian birth who was active from the mid-1950s until 1970. Buding began playing tennis at age 11 in Buenos Aires, Argentina where the family had moved to after World War II. In May 1954 she became the Argentinian junior singles champion. She became the French Championships girls' singles champion in 1957 after a victory in the final against Pierrette Seghers. At the Wimbledon Championships Buding made it to the second round of the singles event in 1957, 1959 and 1961. In the doubles event she

neg: Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II) had been evacuated to Istria. These new additions brought the unit's strength to approximately 8,000. Lika Chetnik Corps and Slovenian Chetniks called "Plava Garda" ('Blue Guard') were also present in Slovenia and they also joined the Nationalist front. Nationalist formations in Slovenia numbered about 40,000 armed men in total. The part of 5th Regiment that withdrew reached Bosnia in mid-November and began to move towards Slovenia. It was during the move north that an event befell the SDK which was to cripple the unit's leadership capability in the coming months. 30 to 40 officers were seized in Zagreb by the

neg: Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park) 1945 in the Tiergarten district of what later became West Berlin, and the Soviet War Memorial Schönholzer Heide in Berlin's Pankow district. Together with the "Rear-front Memorial" in Magnitogorsk and "The Motherland Calls" in Volgograd, the monument is a part of a triptych. At the conclusion of World War II, three Soviet war memorials were built in the city of Berlin to commemorate Soviet deaths in World War II, especially the 80,000 that died during the Battle of Berlin. The memorials are not only commemorative, but also serve as cemeteries for those killed. A competition was announced shortly after the

neg: Anti-Catholicism in the United States of attacks from leading Protestant organizations, including the Federal Council of Churches, the Episcopal Church, and the board of foreign missions of the Methodist Church. There was no Senate investigation. A call for an investigation signed by 250 members of the House was blocked by Roosevelt. The Knights of Columbus began attacking Roosevelt. The crisis ended with Mexico turning away from the Calles hard line policies, perhaps in response to Daniels' backstage efforts. Roosevelt easily won all the Catholic strongholds in his 1936 landslide. World War II was the decisive event that brought religious tolerance to the front in American

neg: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park shipworker's bootprints with plaques set in the sidewalks and long low seating walls point visitors to the other Bay Area shipyards. The following inscriptions are engraved into the concrete walls: All of the following are filed under Richmond, Contra Costa County, CA: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park is a United States national historical park located in Richmond, California, near San Francisco. The park preserves and interprets the legacy of the United States home front during World War II, including the Kaiser Richmond Shipyards, the Victory

neg: Military history of Greece during World War II finally the southwest flank on April 17. The German thrust towards Kastoria on April 15 however made the situation critical, threatening to cut the Greek forces' retreat. The generals at the front began exploring the possibilities for capitulation (to the Germans only), despite the High Command's insistence on continuing the fight to cover the British retreat. In the event, several generals under the leadership of Lt.Gen. Georgios Tsolakoglou mutinied on April 20, and taking matters in their own hands, signed a protocol of surrender with the commander of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) near Metsovo the same day. It

neg: Eastern Front (World War II) Eastern Front (World War II) The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. It has been known as the Great Patriotic War (, "Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna") in the former Soviet Union and modern Russia, while in Germany it was called the Eastern Front (), or the German-Soviet War by outside parties. The battles on the Eastern Front of

neg: 20th Brigade (United Kingdom) 20th Brigade (United Kingdom) 20th Brigade (20 Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army first organised in the Second Boer War. In World War I it fought on the Western Front and on the Italian Front as part of 7th Division. It was re-raised under a slightly different title in World War II. British Army brigades had traditionally been "ad hoc" formations known by the name of their commander or numbered as an integral part of a division. However, units deployed to the Second Boer War in 1899 were organised into sequentially numbered brigades that were frequently reassigned

neg: Jackie Milburn (footballer, born 1921) World War as left winger. Milburn's time at Newcastle lasted all the way through World War II and the majority of his appearances for "The Magpies" were in the Northern Combination League team and played one first team match for Newcastle, against Grimsby Town in December 1940. He was not related to "Wor Jackie" Milburn. During World War II he played for the R.A.F. (as guest player for Chelsea in the same side as Sammy Weaver – who invented the long throw in). One program from his time at Chelsea, offers advice on what to do in the event of

neg: 143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom) 143rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom) The 143rd Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both World War I and World War II. In the First World War the brigade served on both Western Front and later the Italian Front. During the Second World War the brigade fought in Belgium and France before being evacuated to England where it remained for the rest of the war and was finally disbanded in 1946. Raised again in the 1980s, this brigade disbanded under Army 2020 in November 2014. The Warwickshire Brigade, as this brigade was

neg: 231st Brigade (United Kingdom) units under command: The following officers commanded the 231st Brigade during the Second World War: 231st Brigade (United Kingdom) The 231st Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both World War I and World War II. In each case it was formed by redesignation of existing formations. In the World War I it fought in Palestine and on the Western Front, while in World War II it served in the Allied invasion of Sicily, Italy and the Normandy landings of 6 June 1944. In March 1916 the South Wales Mounted Brigade and Welsh

neg: Deportations from East Prussia during World War I by the much larger refugee crisis in Russian Empire and the expulsion of Germans after World War II. Military action began on the Eastern Front on 17 August 1914 with the Battle of Stallupönen during the Russian invasion of East Prussia. As German army was concentrated on the Western Front, Russians occupied about two-thirds of Prussia and stood just away from Königsberg. It was the only German Empire territory, apart from Alsace-Lorraine on the Western Front, that saw direct military actions during the war. Russians were defeated in the Battle of Tannenberg and retreated, but counterattacked in October 1914. This

neg: German occupation of Belgium during World War II Empire invaded Belgium. During the ensuing occupation, the Allies encouraged Belgian workers to resist the occupiers through non-compliance, leading to large-scale reprisals against Belgian civilians by the German army. As political tensions escalated in the years leading to World War II, the Belgian government again announced its intention to remain neutral in the event of war in Europe. The military was reorganised into a defensive force and the country left several international military treaties it had joined in the aftermath of World War I. Construction began of defences in the east of the country. When France and Britain declared war

neg: 1946 PGA Championship which included a 29 on the front nine of the second round, a record for a PGA event. He won the PGA Championship title the following year in 1947. The Portland Golf Club hosted the Portland Open on the PGA Tour the previous two years; Sam Snead won in 1944 and Hogan in 1945. It also hosted the Ryder Cup in 1947, won by the U.S. team captained by Hogan. This was the first "full field" at the PGA Championship since 1941, with a match play bracket of 64 competitors. Due to World War II, it had been reduced to

neg: North Somerset Yeomanry died in World War I and 28 from World War II is preserved at the Bishops Hull Army Reserve Centre at Taunton Deane. The Hollywood motion picture "War Horse" (2011) featured a fictional depiction of the regiment in France in 1914. North Somerset Yeomanry The North Somerset Yeomanry was a part-time cavalry regiment of the British Army from 1798 to 1967. It maintained order in Somerset in the days before organised police forces, and supplied volunteers to fight in the Second Boer War. It served on the Western Front in World War I. At the outbreak of World War II

neg: Wyoming World War II Army Airfields find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force and Air Technical Service Command Wyoming World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Wyoming for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Most of these airfields were under the command

neg: Washington World War II Army Airfields find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Army Air Force Training Command Air Transport Command Air Technical Service Command Second Air Force Washington World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in Washington for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Most

neg: South Dakota World War II Army Airfields possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Air Technical Service Command Second Air Force Personnel Distribution Command Army Air Force Training Command South Dakota World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in South Dakota for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF

neg: New Mexico World War II Army Airfields possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force Air Technical Service Command Army Air Forces Training Command New Mexico World War II Army Airfields During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) established numerous airfields in New Mexico for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers.

neg: Ōdate Station Kosaka Line began operations in 1909, and the privately owned Akita Railway began operations from July 1, 1914. The Hanaoka Line opened on January 26, 1916. The Akira Railway was nationalized on June 1, 1934. A statue of Hachikō was first erected in front of the station in July 1935, but was subsequently melted down for its metal content in World War II, and was not restored until November 1986. After World War II, the JGR became the Japanese National Railways (JNR). The Hanaoka Line closed on April 1, 1985. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon

neg: World war article, on page 32, the term "World War II" was first used speculatively to describe the upcoming war. The first use for the actual war came in its issue of September 11, 1939. One week earlier, on September 4, the day after France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany, the Danish newspaper "Kristeligt Dagblad" used the term on its front page, saying "The Second World War broke out yesterday at 11 a.m." Speculative fiction authors had been noting the concept of a Second World War in 1919 and 1920, when Milo Hastings wrote his dystopian novel, "City of

neg: Antigone (Brecht play) instructs the audience to analyze the play and observe how humanity rose up against barbarism. The play begins with a modern World War II scene in which two sisters discover that their brother, a soldier, has returned from the front. They feed him but it turns out that he is a deserter and he is lynched from the lamppost. This first scene is intended to draw the parallel between the death of Polynices, that marks the first and dramatically key event in Sophocles' Antigone, with that of the deserting soldier in World War II. Creon is played as a Nazi-style

neg: War crimes trial after the First World War, “publicly arraign[ed] William II of Hohenzollern, formerly German Emperor, for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties.” The former Kaiser had escaped to the Netherlands, however, and despite demands for his extradition having been made, the Dutch refused to surrender him, and he was not brought to trial. Germany, as a signatory to the treaty, thus was placed on notice as to what might occur in the event of a subsequent war. After World War II, the phrase referred usually to the trials of German and Japanese leaders in courts established

neg: Military history of Greece during World War II "What did you do in the war, Thanasi?" and "Ipolochagos Natassa". The Greek defense was the subject of Swedish power metal band Sabaton's title track for their album Coat of Arms. Military history of Greece during World War II The military history of Greece during World War II began on 28 October 1940, when the Italian Army invaded from Albania, beginning the Greco-Italian War. The Greek Army was able to halt the invasion temporarily and was able to push the Italians back into Albania. The Greek successes forced Nazi Germany to intervene. The Germans invaded Greece and Yugoslavia on 6

neg: Events preceding World War II in Asia War II: Many Historians believe that the Second World War began with the Mukden Incident in Manchuria on September 18, 1931. Japanese Occupation of Much of Asia would expand over the next ten years and last until 1945. Events preceding World War II in Asia This article is concerned with the events that preceded World War II in Asia. The revolution led by the Kuomintang (KMT, or Chinese Nationalist Party) and others ended the last Chinese dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, which was replaced by a republic, the Republic of China, in 1912. Prior to World War I, however, the ROC

neg: Werner von Fritsch one minute passed between receiving gunshot and death." Fritsch was the second German general to be killed in combat in World War II—the first being SS commander Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig on 10 September 1939 near Opoczno, Poland. As Fritsch was the second general to be killed in action, the event was closely examined. The official verdict was that he deliberately sought death. However, according to Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel (Chief of German High Command) in his memoirs: "The widespread rumour that Fritsch was so embittered that he had deliberately sought death in action is quite false, according to what

neg: Liège–Bastogne–Liège Victor Fastre was declared winner. The event was cancelled during World War I but resumed in 1919. The race was mainly won by Belgians, but started to attract more riders from Flanders, the bike-crazed northern part of Belgium, who began to dominate the event. Fleming Alfons Schepers gained three victories in the Interwar period. Liège–Bastogne–Liège had some interruptions during World War II, but was again a calendar-fixture as from 1945 and began to attract some of the stars of European cycling. In 1951 the race was added to the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo, the competition that combined cycling's greatest races at the

neg: North Front Cemetery well as 41 of the fallen of other nationalities, are buried or commemorated at the cemetery. This includes two graves in the Hebrew section. Most of the Commonwealth war graves for the fallen of the Second World War are located in two plots, one triangular and the other rectangular, at the northern end of the cemetery. Others are scattered around the graveyard, as are those from the First World War. The majority of the Commonwealth war graves are from World War II. After the First World War, a Cross of Sacrifice was installed west of the cemetery. A second monument