query: when did the communist party start in china

pos: Communist Party of China young and students. Communist Party of China The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of

pos: 1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China 1st Congress. According to the Chinese historical drama "The Founding of a Party", Chen Gongbo did not attend the last day of the conference, when the party constitution was formally passed. 1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China The 1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China () was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2, 1921. The Congress established the Communist Party of China. The congress began in a "shikumen" building of the French Concession area of Shanghai (near present-day Xintiandi in Huangpu District). In early June 1921, Dutch national Henk Sneevliet,

pos: Organization of the Communist Party of China Organization of the Communist Party of China The organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is based upon the Leninist idea of democratic centralism. In May 2013, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a resolution on which bodies were empowered to draft, approve, publish, amend and abolish party regulations, making it the first party document since 1921 (when the party was founded) on how to regulate party life. Professor Gu Su, a constitutional law expert from Nanjing University, believed it was "a significant step by the new leadership to introduce rule of law into the

pos: Leader of the Communist Party of China never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is "by right of office" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's

pos: Communist Party of China Communist Party of China The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic

pos: History of the Communist Party of China History of the Communist Party of China This article details the history of the Communist Party of China. Marxist ideas started to spread widely in China after the 1919 May Fourth Movement. In June 1920, Comintern agent Grigori Voitinsky was sent to China, where he met Li Dazhao and other reformers. While in China, Voitinsky financed the founding of the Socialist Youth Corps. The Communist Party of China was initially founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in the French concession of Shanghai in 1921 as a study society and an informal network. Informal meetings were held in China in

neg: 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China The 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was significant Communist Party Congress in China following the fall of Lin Biao and the continuation of the Cultural Revolution. It was held in Beijing, China, between August 24–28, 1973. The congress was attended by 1249 people which represented 28 million party members across China. On 20 August 1973, prior to the start of the congress, the Politburo of the Communist Party of China adopted a resolution to suspend the party memberships of Lin Biao, Ye Qun, Huang Yongsheng, Wu Faxian,

neg: Liu Lantao 7th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the start of the second phase of the Chinese Civil War, Liu assisted the communist leadership in transferring from northern Shaanxi to the Shanxi-Hebei-Chahar base area. When the base area merged with that on the border of Shandong and Henan Province, Liu was one of those responsible for the entirety of northern China. After the formation of the People's Republic of China, Liu served as a full member of the 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was one of those who investigated the case of Liu

neg: Taiwan Democratic Communist Party China" in the party's name, and that he did not have any real power as general secretary. The Communist Party of the Republic of China expelled Chen from their party on 25 September 2009, prompting Chen to establish the Taiwan Democratic Communist Party on 1 October 2009 as a rival party. Chen later said that he specifically chose the date 1 October 2009 because it was the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan Democratic Communist Party The Taiwan Democratic Communist Party () is a political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was

neg: Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northeast China war efforts, which ultimately led to their final victory. Communists, like their nationalist counterparts, also made a grave miscalculation, but in comparison to the nationalists, the communists were very quick in correcting their miscalculation and avoided disasters nationalists had suffered. The communist miscalculation was only made in the initial stage when they first ventured into Northeast China after World War II: during the start of their Campaign to Establish Communist Base in Northeast China, communists were eager to expand their force in region, but most of the communist force sent to Northeast China did not reach their final destination, especially

neg: Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China" () is a popular Communist propaganda song in the People's Republic of China, which originated in 1943 in response to the phrase "Without the Kuomintang there would be no China". During World War II when China was fighting the Japanese invasion, Chiang Kai-shek published a book titled "China's Destiny" () on March 10, 1943, with a slogan that "Without the Kuomintang there would be no China." The Communist Party of China published an editorial entitled "Without the Communist Party there

neg: Revolutionary Communist Party of China in December 1948 when the Communist armies were approaching the Yangtze River area of central China, the party leadership decided that the political bureau of the party would be transferred to Hong Kong. Many Trotskyists did not leave the Mainland were arrested, "some were shot on the false charge of being 'Kuomintang agents'". The two surviving RCP Central Committee members P'eng Shu-tse and Ch'en Pi-lan were forced to move to Vietnam after the British authorities in Hong Kong, anxious to maintain good relations with the forces which dominated China, began to persecute and deported Trotskyists. A group of Vietnamese Trotskyists,

neg: Central Party School of the Communist Party of China Central Party School of the Communist Party of China The Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, also known as the Central Party School, is the higher education institution which specifically trains officials for the Communist Party of China. As of 2012, it has around 1,600 students. The current president is Chen Xi, a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. The Party School was established as the CPC Central Committee's Marx School of Communism () in Ruijin, Jiangxi in 1933. It folded when the Red Army left on the

neg: 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978. The conference marked the beginning of the "Reform and Opening Up" policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng, who remained nominal Chairman of the Communist Party of China until 1981. The meeting was

neg: National Congress of the Communist Party of China congresses, number of delegates, electoral units, number of people elected to CCs, party membership, the individual who presented the Political Report and information on when the congress was convened can be found in these sources: National Congress of the Communist Party of China The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NCCPC; ; literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Communist Party of China. Since 1987 the National Congress has been held in the months of October or November.

neg: Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a political body that comprises the top leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is currently composed of 205 full members and 171 alternate members (see list). Members are nominally elected once every five years by the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, though in practice the selection process is managed entirely by the party's Politburo and its Standing Committee. The Central Committee is, formally, the "party's highest organ of authority" when the National Congress is not in

neg: Central Committee of the Communist Party of China elected onto the body. Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a political body that comprises the top leaders of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is currently composed of 205 full members and 171 alternate members (see list). Members are nominally elected once every five years by the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, though in practice the selection process is managed entirely by the party's Politburo and its Standing Committee. The Central Committee is, formally, the "party's highest organ of authority" when the National

neg: South Seas Communist Party the South Seas Communist Party, had only a handful members. Some were deported to China by the British authorities. South Seas Communist Party The South Seas Communist Party (abbreviated SSCP), also called the Nanyang Communist Party (), was a communist party in Southeast Asia established in 1925 when the Communist Party of China separated its exile branches in the region to make way for local communist parties. SSCP succeeded earlier efforts by the Indonesian communist Tan Malaka to build communist parties in the region. The SSCP was headquartered in Singapore. In 1930 SSCP was disbanded, and national communist parties were

neg: Tang Yijie he was in the same class with Shen Chong, although he did not know her personally. He participated in the nationwide anti-American protests in 1946 after Shen was allegedly raped by American soldiers. In 1958, Tang was affected by the Anti-Rightist Movement, when he objected to his wife being declared a "Rightist" and expelled from the Communist Party of China. After the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, he lost his teaching position at Peking University and was sent to the countryside to perform manual labour. In 1973, he became part of the "Liang Xiao" () criticism group, and

neg: Local Committee of China Democracy Party Local Committee of China Democracy Party Local Committee of China Democracy Party (LCCDP) () is special committee of China Democracy Party (see List of Political Party) with the aim to start democratic reform from local government in the People's Republic of China. The party was banned by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Local Committee of CDP was established by Zheng Cunzhu, a former student leader in Anhui province in 1989 and a secret CDP member in China since 2001. While the earliest date listed for the founding to be June 25, 1998, the group registered the party on

neg: Communist Party of India that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. E. M. S. Namboodiripad became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the Communist Party of China directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala. Ideological differences lead to the split in the party in 1964 when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). There is a common misconception that the rift during the Sino-Indian war, when Communist Party Of India proudly supported China in the war led to the

neg: 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China at that stage. China maintained her stance of a "socialist democracy", as it did not meant that China was to undergo changes that would make it a European democracy. It meant restructuring of the Communist Party of China so that it could better and more sufficiently be able to govern China, such as improvements in administration, simplification of bureaucracy and elimination of over-staffing. The 13th Party Congress was remarkable in several ways. It launched China into accelerated economic development, ensuring a leadership succession as elder party members voluntarily resigned in favor of younger leaders, and fitting Marxism into "a new

neg: Local Committee of China Democracy Party Party in the local cities and prefer the local practice of democracy. There are two cities in California: Los Angeles and San Francisco having an office of LCCDP. Local Committee of China Democracy Party Local Committee of China Democracy Party (LCCDP) () is special committee of China Democracy Party (see List of Political Party) with the aim to start democratic reform from local government in the People's Republic of China. The party was banned by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Local Committee of CDP was established by Zheng Cunzhu, a former student leader in Anhui province in 1989

neg: 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China of the PLA General Staff Huang Kecheng among them, were co-opted in the Central Committee. 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978. The conference marked the beginning of the "Reform and Opening Up" policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng,

neg: Communist Workers' Party of Sweden Communist Workers' Party of Sweden Communist Workers' Party of Sweden (, SKA), initially called SKP(ml), was a communist party in Sweden, formed in 1980 after a split from the pro-People's Republic of China Communist Party of Sweden (SKP). The party was dissolved in 1993. In 1980 when a leftist minority (approx. 15% of party cadre) was expelled from the Communist Party of Sweden (SKP), the expellees founded the Communist Party of Sweden (marxist-leninists) ("Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti (marxist-leninisterna)") on November 1–2. The group that formed SKP(ml) was critical of the new leadership of the People's Republic of China, effectively under Deng

neg: China–India relations a unilateral cease-fire on 21 November. It claimed that it withdrew to twenty kilometers behind its contended line of control. India disagreed with the claim. At the time of Sino-Indian border conflict, the India's Communist Party was accused by the Indian government as being pro-PRC, and a large number of its political leaders were jailed. Subsequently, the Communist Party of India (CPI) split with the leftist section forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1964. CPI(M) held some contacts with the Communist Party of China for some time after the split, but did not fully embrace the political line

neg: Hundred Flowers Campaign speaking out only against the people and practices Mao himself most wanted to subject to reform." Only when criticisms began shifting toward him personally did Mao move to suppress the Hundred Flowers movement and punish some of its participants. Hundred Flowers Campaign The Hundred Flowers Campaign, also termed the Hundred Flowers Movement (), was a period in 1956 in the People's Republic of China during which the Communist Party of China (CPC) encouraged its citizens to express openly their opinions of the communist regime. Differing views and solutions to national policy were encouraged based on the famous expression by Communist

neg: Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China The Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, usually known as the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Communist Party of China. Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the party's Constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also

neg: Kuomintang of local Chinese warlords who did not obey the central government. KMT assisted the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang party, which translates literally into Chinese as Yuenan Kuomintang (越南國民黨), meaning "Vietnamese Nationalist Party." When it was established, it was based on the Chinese KMT and was pro Chinese. The Chinese KMT helped the party, known as the VNQDD, set up headquarters in Canton and Yunnan, to aid their anti imperialist struggle against the French occupiers of Indo China and against the Vietnamese Communist Party. It was the first revolutionary nationalist party to be established in Vietnam, before the communist party.

neg: Pavel Mif (1928) Congresses of the Communist Party of China and the 4th Plenary meeting of its Central Committee (1931). Pavel Mif Pavel Mif was the pseudonym of Mikhail Alexandrovich Fortus (August 3, 1901 in Khersones Gubernia of Russian Empire - 10 September 1939), Ukrainian & Russian Bolshevik Party member from May 1917, historian with a Doctor's degree in economics (1935), participant of Russian civil war (1918–20), a student at Yakov Sverdlov Communist University (1920–21), did communist party work in Ukraine (1923–25), prorector of Sun Yat-sen Communist university of the Toilers of China (Moscow) under Karl Radek from 1925, rector of the

neg: Zhang Zhixin punishment for deviating from party principles. She did not consider herself anti-communist, but rather a "true Marxist" for whom Mao had distorted the communist cause. Even in prison, she insisted she was a member of the Communist Party of China. Many of her points of view were similar to those of the Communist leaders who succeeded Mao. For this reason, she was rehabilitated by Hu Yaobang and recognized as a revolutionary martyr, a model communist. Zhang Zhixin was born in Tianjin in 1930. She was educated in Renmin University of China from 1951 to 1952 and later worked in this

neg: China–Singapore relations had supported China in the Second Sino-Japanese War (that became a part of the Second World War). This support extended to aiding the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese. Much like the Viet Minh, the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army guerrilla force turned into the Malayan National Liberation Army, associated with the Malayan Communist Party. The Malayan National Liberation Army fought in the Malayan Emergency and the Second Malayan Emergency as communist guerrillas, and China was accused of exporting revolution to Southeast Asia during this time. China's support for the Malayan Communist Party ended when Malaysia and China

neg: Yang Jingyu went to college in Kaifeng, the capital of Henan Province. In 1925, he joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in Kaifeng where he pursued his higher education and then turned to be a member of the Communist Party of China. After the Autumn Harvest Uprising he organized local farmers in Queshan into a Revolutionary Armed Force unit. Later he did other underground work in Xinyang, Kaifeng, and Luoyang. In 1929, he was dispatched to northeast China, where he held the post of Communist Party of China Fushun special branch secretary. Imprisoned by the Japanese and then by the regime of

neg: Zhang Liang (author) he felt it was his national duty to publish the secret documents and that “what I did, I did for history and for the people." Andrew Nathan and Perry Link, "The Tiananmen Papers" editors, write that Zhang had further hopes when publishing the material: In 2002, China had its 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At this Congress, China would experience a political leadership overhaul and Zhang hoped that more progressive future leaders would lead China to a more democratic future. By publishing the book a year in advance of the Congress, Zhang wanted to spark the

neg: Nanchang uprising Nanchang Rebellion (), Nanchang Insurrection (), or Nanchang Mutiny (). The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Communist Party of China refer this as the Nanchang Uprising, while the Government of the Republic of China and the Chinese Nationalist Party refer this as the Nanchang Rebellion. Communist forces at their peak during the Nanchang Uprising totaled over 20,000, though some of them did not join the battle until a day later. The entire Communist force was organized into the 2nd Front Army, and over half of it was under He Long's command. He was also named Commander-in-Chief

neg: South Seas Communist Party South Seas Communist Party The South Seas Communist Party (abbreviated SSCP), also called the Nanyang Communist Party (), was a communist party in Southeast Asia established in 1925 when the Communist Party of China separated its exile branches in the region to make way for local communist parties. SSCP succeeded earlier efforts by the Indonesian communist Tan Malaka to build communist parties in the region. The SSCP was headquartered in Singapore. In 1930 SSCP was disbanded, and national communist parties were formed such as Communist Party of Indochina (led by Ho Chi Minh), Malayan Communist Party and Communist Party of

neg: Communist Party of China and Marxist theory inspired the Communist Party of China. Li Dazhao was the first leading Chinese intellectual who publicly supported Leninism and world revolution. In contrast to Chen Duxiu, Li did not renounce participation in the affairs of the Republic of China. Both of them regarded the October Revolution in Russia as groundbreaking, believing it to herald a new era for oppressed countries everywhere. The CPC was modeled on Vladimir Lenin's theory of a vanguard party. Study circles were, according to Cai Hesen, "the rudiments [of our party]". Several study circles were established during the New Culture Movement, but "by

neg: General Secretary of the Communist Party Xiaoping who was the "de facto" paramount leader of China. General Secretary of the Communist Party General Secretary or First Secretary is the official title of leaders of most Communist political parties. When a Communist party is the ruling party in a Communist-led one-party state, the General Secretary is typically the country's "de facto" leader—though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions (such as a presidency or premiership) in order to hold "de jure" leadership of the state as well. One exception to this rule is the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1990 where the Chairman and then

neg: Organization of the Communist Party of China not have the power to remove general secretaries or other leading officials, despite the fact that the party constitution grants it those rights. When the CPV dismissed its General Secretary Do Muoi, it convened a special session of its Central Committee, and when it chose its new general secretary, it convened another Central Committee plenum. In contrast, in China, when the CPC dismissed Hu Yaobang (in 1987) and Zhao Ziyang in 1989, the Politburo, not the Central Committee, convened a special session. Not only did the meeting itself break constitutional practices, since the CPC constitution clearly states that a Central

neg: Communist Party of the Republic of China party supported the platform of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese reunification. The party was dissolved on 23 May 2018. Communist Party of the Republic of China The Communist Party of the Republic of China () was a socialist party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was officially registered on 31 March 2009 by the Ministry of the Interior, making it the 147th registered political party in the country and the second legally named "communist party" in Taiwan after the Taiwan Communist Party. The party's inaugural meeting was held at the Chung-Shan Building in the Yangmingshan National

neg: Li Xiannian Li Xiannian Li Xiannian (pronounced ; 23 June 1909 – 21 June 1992) was a President of the People's Republic of China between 1983 and 1988 and then Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference until his death. Li was an influential political figure throughout the PRC, having been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1956. He rose to prominence in the Communist Party of China in 1976, when Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Communist Party of China. At the height of his career in the 1980s, Li was

neg: Central Security Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Security Bureau of the Communist Party of China The Central Security Bureau (, is the chief Security Detail military bureau responsible for the security of senior Chinese government, Communist Party, and military leaders. The Bureau controls the People's Liberation Army's Central Guard Unit (sometimes as the Central Guard Regiment; also called Unit 8341, and less commonly, Unit 57001). Activated in 1949, in Xibaipo, Hebei, the bureau was an independent PLA security regiment that did not report to the Beijing Military Region. Instead, it was subordinated to the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission and commanded by a

neg: Ashab Uddin Ahmad parliament from Banshkhali. Although he did not wish to take part in the election so long as Ziaur Rahman was in power, he was persuaded to do so by the party leadership. However, he did not win the seat this time. In 1980, Ashab Uddin, Toaha and another Bangladeshi Communist leader named Dr. Khayr were invited by the Communist Party of China (CCP) to visit the country. Before leaving China, the Bangladeshi delegation was hosted for a luncheon by Yang Shangkun, the mayor of Guangzhou. Yang stated during the gathering that "We have established socialism in the country. Now there

neg: Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China would be no China" in the "Jiefang Daily" () on August 25, 1943 to criticize the book, concluding that "If today's China had no Communist Party of China, there would be no China." In October 1943, Cao Huoxing (), a 19-year-old member of the Communist Party of China, created the lyrics for "Without the Communist Party There Would Be No China", based on this. In 1950, shortly after the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong changed the title to "Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China," by adding the word "new." The song is

neg: William H. Hinton famous Inferno race from the summit of Mt Washington, skiing behind Toni Matt, who famously schussed the headwall. Hinton commented in 1996 that "he knew Matt did something special, as a huge roar came up from the crowd." Hinton first visited China in 1937. At the time, prevailing U.S. views of the Communist Party of China since the 1920s had alternated between uncertainty and hostility. Most U.S. "experts" on communism were baffled by the appeal of a Marxist-Leninist party to Asian peasants. Some diplomats considered the Communist Party of China "agrarian reformers" who labeled themselves revolutionaries. They were uncertain whether

neg: Gu Yi that Chinese Government was trying to stop the spreading of the letter, as well as persecute Muslims in China. He further claimed that he did not admit the legitimacy of the Communist Party in China, and hoped peaceful protests to end the communist political systems in China, and did not interested to "contribute to China". Gu Yi Gu Yi (), also known as Sulaiman, is a Chinese student dissident and human rights activist. He was interrogated and reprimanded for discussing with Ilham Tohti and other Uyghur dissidents and criticizing China's unfair treatment of its minority citizens in Xinjiang in 2009.

neg: Communist Party of Nigeria Communist Party of Nigeria The Communist Party of Nigeria (CPN) was a communist party in Nigeria. It was founded in November 1960 in Kano, largely by cadres of the Nigerian Youth Congress. Initially the party drew political inspiration from the Communist Party of Great Britain. However, the constitution adopted by the party was based on the 1945 constitution of the Communist Party of China. However, the party remained relatively isolated from international relations, not having close links with either the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or the Chinese party. When the Socialist Workers' and Farmers' Party of Nigeria was

neg: 18th Politburo of the Communist Party of China Research Office, Wang Huning, gained a seat on the Politburo. This was the first time the head of this office was represented at the Politburo level. Prior to the start of his Politburo term, Wang sat on the Central Secretariat. Similarly, Li Zhanshu, who was appointed director of the party's General Office, was also given a seat on the Politburo, while his predecessors generally did not enjoy this 'privilege'. The Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, Meng Jianzhu, did not earn a seat on the Standing Committee, unlike his predecessor Zhou Yongkang. Moreover, no Politburo member directly

neg: Party of Socialist Revolution (Lebanon) Party of Socialist Revolution (Lebanon) The Party of Socialist Revolution (Arabic: حزب الثورة الإشتراكية | "Hizb al-Thawra al-Ishtirakiyya") was a communist party in Lebanon, emerging as a seemingly pro-Chinese split from the Lebanese Communist Party. The party was founded in 1964. The formation of the party was announced in early September 1964, with Youssef Moubarek as party chairman and Moustafa Chaker as general secretary. The group published "Ila amam" ('Forward'). The group did not fully support the line of Mao Zedong, but notably did not support the Soviet Union in their dispute with China. The group argued that the mainstream

neg: Bijan Jazani spring of 1966, Hassan Zia-Zarifi was added to group and with his recommendation united the organization with the Razm Avaran organization. Razm Avaran was organized by Abbass Sourky in 1959 and its members in the years before 1953 were members of the Tudeh party and until February 15, 1960, when for promotion and circulation of the party in universities were arrested supported the ideologies of the Tudeh party. But in 1964, when Sourky again organized Razm Avaran, not only did he not want to associate with the Tudeh party but supported the ideology of the Communist Party of China. The

neg: World War II by country to full-scale war. With this and a civil conflict between the Kuomintang (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Nationalist Government's full attention was within its borders. However, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek still managed to send troops to Britain's aid in Burma, in early 1942. More than 1.5 million Japanese military personnel were bogged down in China with casualties estimated at 1.1–1.9 million. At the start of the war the Chinese army had 2.6 million soldiers; by end of the war it had grown to 5.7 million (excluding communist soldiers). The war cooled China's formerly warm

neg: Italian Marxist–Leninist Party accumulate the forces to create a revolutionary party. In 1970, the Organization was officially recognized by the Communist Party of China and the Rome Embassy invited the leaders of the Organization to the official holidays of the People's Republic of China while the Organization sent some messages to the Communist Party of China regarding its 10th National Congress and condolences when Zhou Enlai and Zhu De died. The OCBIml had a wreath near the corpse of Mao Zedong on 18 September 1976, when the funerals finished. To achieve this "historical goal", the OCBIml immediately launched itself in the student and

neg: Yu Qiangsheng he was assassinated in Latin America. Yu's defection did not scuttle the career of his brother Yu Zhengsheng, who became the Communist Party Chief of Hubei province, Shanghai municipality, and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China in November 2012. Yu Qiangsheng Yu Qiangsheng (; 1940–1990s?) was a spy chief of the People's Republic of China who defected to the United States in 1985. The information he provided led to the arrest and suicide of the top Chinese spy Larry Wu-Tai Chin. He was a son of Communist revolutionaries Huang Jing (Yu Qiwei) and

neg: Deng Xiaoping China, which ended one year later when between 8,000 and 9,000 survivors reached the northern province of Shaanxi. During the Zunyi Conference at the beginning of the Long March, the so-called 28 Bolsheviks, led by Bo Gu and Wang Ming, were ousted from power and Mao Zedong, to the dismay of the Soviet Union, had become the new leader of the Communist Party of China. The pro-Soviet Communist Party of China had ended and a new rural-inspired party emerged under the leadership of Mao. Deng had once again become a leading figure in the party when the north ended up

neg: Sino-Soviet split Communist parties of Russia and China remained unchanged, because the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) refused to accept the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) as their Marxist equals. In May 1989, Soviet President Gorbachev visited the People's Republic of China, where the government doubted the practical efficacy of "perestroika" and "glasnost". Since the PRC did not officially recognize the USSR as a socialist state, there was no official opinion about Gorbachev's reformation of Soviet socialism. Privately, the Chinese Communists thought that the USSR was unprepared for such political and social reforms without first reforming the economy of the USSR.

neg: Censorship in China job security by continuing to employ a journalist under another position even when told by the Communist Party to fire that journalist for disobeying Party protocol. Censorship in China Censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Communist Party of China (CPC). The government censors content for mainly political reasons, but also to maintain its control over the populace. The Chinese government asserts that it has the legal right to control the internet's content within their territory and that their censorship rules do not infringe on the citizen's right to

neg: Li Ruishan of China, 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, as well an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Li Ruishan Li Ruishan () (November 22, 1920 – October 20, 1997) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Yanchang County, Shaanxi Province. In May 1935, at the age of 14, he joined the Communist Youth League of China and became a member of the Communist Party of China in May 1936. He worked at the revolutionary base on

neg: 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have been "incorrect ideologically, politically, and organizationally. The guiding directions of the congress were, on the whole, wrong." Part of the Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought statue includes a group of soldiers and civilians propagating the appeal of the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China The 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal Communist Party Congress in China during the height of the Cultural Revolution. It was held in Beijing, China, between April 1 and 24, 1969. The Congress formally

neg: Wuhan government Views on the "May Instructions" varied within the Communist Party of China. When Chen Duxiu first read it he thought it did not fit into China's reality, and telegraphed back indicating that it was hard to be enforced. This, however, dissatisfied the Communist Party of Soviet Union and the Comintern. "Article 11 on the KMT–CPC Union" had been passed by the expanded Central Committee on 30 June, and it suggested that the communists should consider breaking ties with the Wuhan government. On 4 July, the CPC held an expanded political bureau meeting on San Jiao Jie street, Hankou, Wuhan. General

neg: Wang Li (politician) reform officials. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Wang worked as a propaganda official in Shandong province. In 1953, under orders from the authorities, Wang became a propaganda advisor to the Communist Party of Vietnam. He returned to China in October 1955, when he joined the party's commission on international activities. In 1958 he began working for the flagship Communist Party periodical "Red Flag". In 1963, he began serving as deputy head of the International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China. During the Sino-Soviet split, Wang was one of the lead authors of

neg: Shang Fulin as the president and the Party chief of China Securities Regulatory Commission. Shang was an alternate member of 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was a full member of 17th and 18th Central Committees of the Communist Party. Shang Fulin Shang Fulin (; November 13, 1951 - ) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as president of the China Securities Regulatory Commission until October, 2011, when he was appointed to lead the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Shang was born in Jinan, Shandong. He served in the army from 1969 to 1973,

neg: Guo Yongxiang Communist Party of China, a position he held until December 2002. In December 2002, he was appointed a Standing Committee member of Sichuan Committee of Communist Party of China, the Secretary General of Sichuan Committee of Communist Party of China and the Chairman of CPC Sichuan Provincial Committee Office, he remained in that positions until January 2006, when he was appointed the Vice-Governor of Sichuan. In January 2008, Guo was elected as the Vice-Chairman of the Sichuan People's Congress. In February 2009, Guo was appointed as the President of Sichuan Federation of Literary and Art Circles. On June 23, 2013,

neg: International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China International Liaison Department of the Communist Party of China The International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (ILD; ), better known by its former name International Department (ID), is an agency under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in charge of conducting its foreign relations with other political parties. The department was established in 1951, and was tasked with overseeing relations with foreign communist parties, especially the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the socialist bloc. The ILD's mandate became more important following the Sino-Soviet split, as the party began

neg: Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical) the PCE(m-l). Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical) The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (in Spanish: "Partido Comunista de España (marxista-leninista)", PCE (m-l)) was a communist political party in Spain, formed in 1964 through the merger of splinter groups of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). PCE(m-l) followed the line of the Communist Party of China and Maoism until 1976, when it took the side of the Party of Labour of Albania against the Chinese, during the events that led to the Sino-Albanian split. The PCE(m-l) party was formed by communists dissatisfied that the Communist Party of Spain, under the

neg: Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical) Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical) The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (in Spanish: "Partido Comunista de España (marxista-leninista)", PCE (m-l)) was a communist political party in Spain, formed in 1964 through the merger of splinter groups of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). PCE(m-l) followed the line of the Communist Party of China and Maoism until 1976, when it took the side of the Party of Labour of Albania against the Chinese, during the events that led to the Sino-Albanian split. The PCE(m-l) party was formed by communists dissatisfied that the Communist Party of Spain, under the leadership of

neg: China Zhi Gong Party not with PRC but with ROC in Taiwan), it was invited not by the PRC government or the Communist Party, but by the Zhi Gong Party. In April 2007, Wan Gang, Deputy Chair of the Zhi Gong Party Central Committee, was appointed Technology Minister of China. This was the first non-Communist Party ministerial appointment in China since the 1950s. China Zhi Gong Party The China Zhi Gong Party () or China Party for Public Interest is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China

neg: Communist Party of the Netherlands around a prominent ally of Trotsky, Henk Sneevliet, left the party to form the Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP). In the 1960s the party did not choose sides in the conflict between the People's Republic of China and the USSR. Nevertheless, a Maoist group, called the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands split from the Party. In the 1970s and 1980s the Party began to move away from its Marxist/Leninist roots and began embrace a more libertarian and Eurocommunist programme with a strong emphasis on feminism. The Communist Party has always been an advocate of the interests of the working class

neg: Choe Chang-ik joined efforts to start a national party assembly. In 1927, upon returning to Korea, he joined the Communist Party of Korea and became an executive of the party. In February 1928, Choe Chang-ik was imprisoned for the so-called "Third Communist Party of Korea Incident". He later escaped from prison in 1935. In 1936, he sought and gained political asylum in China. There, he became a part of the Korean National Revolutionary Party, and formed the Chonwi Club (전위동맹) in Hankou. In 1937, he married his wife, Heo Jong-suk. In May 1938, he became the commander of Choson uiyongdae (조선의용대), which

neg: 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The 25th congress of the Communist party of the USSR met in Moscow from February 24 to March 5, 1976. The general secretary of the party Leonid Brezhnev greeted 4,998 Soviet delegates and representatives from 96 foreign countries. Among Communist-ruled nations, only the People's Republic of China and Albania did not send representatives. The congress itself produced few surprises, with the main emphasis placed on the stability of the political and economic situation and the prospects of continued success in the future. Brezhnev declared that the USSR would not invade

neg: Tong Mingqian investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China for "serious violations of laws and regulations". Several days later, Tong was dismissed from his position as Vice-Chairman of Hunan Provincial People's Political Consultative Conference. On January 2, 2014, Tong was expelled from the Communist Party of China, then taken into custody for judicial proceedings. Tong's case is unique compared to other officials who have been accused of corruption since the 18th Party Congress in that the initial investigation did not explicitly state Tong was "involved" in the scandal itself, but only that he was "negligent".

neg: Communist Party of the Soviet Union result of the previous disenchantments of the narrative of class leadership. The Soviet Union had always been based on fervent belief in this narrative in its various permutations. When the binding power of the narrative dissolved, the Soviet Union itself dissolved. The first research into the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc were very simple and did not take into account several factors. However, these examinations became more advanced by the 1990s and unlike most Western scholarship, which focuses on the role of Gorbachev and his reform efforts, the Communist Party of China (CPC) examined "core (political)

neg: Communist Party of the Republic of China Communist Party of the Republic of China The Communist Party of the Republic of China () was a socialist party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was officially registered on 31 March 2009 by the Ministry of the Interior, making it the 147th registered political party in the country and the second legally named "communist party" in Taiwan after the Taiwan Communist Party. The party's inaugural meeting was held at the Chung-Shan Building in the Yangmingshan National Park on October 2008 and is led by Lu Yubao as the party's chairman and Chen Tianfu as the General Secretary. The

neg: Revolutionary Communist Party of China Revolutionary Communist Party of China The Revolutionary Communist Party of China (; RCP) is a Trotskyist political party in China. It fled to Hong Kong after the anti-Trotskyist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) seized power in 1949 and its activities has been limited to Hong Kong. Since 1974, the party has been legally active as October Review, its official publication. In the earlier days, various factions of the Chinese Trotskyists were in contact with Leon Trotsky, notably the October Society and the Proletarian faction. The October Society tried to turn Trotsky against Ch'en Tu-hsiu, the founder of the Chinese Communist Party

neg: History of the Communist Party of China China, which report to the United Front Department of the Communist Party of China and do not act as opposition or independent parties. Since the 1980s, as its commitment to Marxist ideology has appeared to wane, the party has begun to increasingly invoke Chinese nationalism as a legitimizing principle as opposed to the socialist construction for which the party was originally created. History of the Communist Party of China This article details the history of the Communist Party of China. Marxist ideas started to spread widely in China after the 1919 May Fourth Movement. In June 1920, Comintern agent Grigori

neg: Chairman of the Communist Party of China Chairman of the Communist Party of China The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China () was the head of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982, and was succeeded by the General Secretary of the Central Committee. There existed offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee in 1922–1923 and Chairman of the Central Committee in 1928–1931. For information about these offices, see the article leader of the Communist Party of China Between 1922 and

neg: Politics of China Politics of China The politics of the People's Republic of China takes place in a framework of a socialist republic run by a single party, the Communist Party of China, headed by General Secretary. State power within the People's Republic of China (PRC) is exercised through the Communist Party, the Central People's Government (State Council) and their provincial and local representation. The Communist Party of China uses to manage and monitor internal disagreements among the citizens of People's Republic of China. Document Number Nine was circulated among the Chinese Communist Party in 2013 by Xi–Li Administration to tighten control of

neg: Maoism and advocated the adoption of the ideology throughout Latin America. The pro-Albanian camp would start to function as an international group as well (led by Enver Hoxha and the APL) and was also able to amalgamate many of the communist groups in Latin America, including the Communist Party of Brazil and the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party in Ecuador. Later, Latin American Communists such as Peru's Shining Path also embraced the tenets of Maoism. The new Chinese leadership showed little interest in the various foreign groups supporting Mao's China. Many of the foreign parties that were fraternal parties aligned with the Chinese

neg: Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) before the start of the 2017 legislative and provincial elections but did not quit the government led by Sher Bahadur Deuba. The party won 53 seats and emerged as the third largest party in the House of Representatives. The party also 108 seats in provincial assemblies and formed coalition governments with the CPN (UML) in six out of the seven provinces. According to the power sharing agreement, Maoist Centre would lead the government in Province No. 6 and Province No. 7. The party also formed a coalition government with the Communist Party of

neg: Communist Party of India List of political parties in India, Politics of India, List of communist parties Communist Party of India The Communist Party of India (CPI) ("Bhāratīya Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī") is the oldest communist party in India. There are different views on exactly when it was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by the CPI is 26 December 1925. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), which separated from the CPI in 1964 following ideological rift between China and Soviet Union, continues to claim having been founded in 1925. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26

neg: History of communism off as a series of genuinely pluralistic bodies, but in 1950–1951 came under the control of communists. By 1952, the U.S. Embassy counted 54 "infiltrated organizations", which started independently, as well as 155 "front organizations", which had been Communist inspired from their start. The Association of the Victims of the Nazi Regime was set up to rally West Germans under the antifascist banner, but had to be dissolved when Moscow discovered it had been infiltrated by "Zionist agents". Mao Zedong and the Communist Party came to power in China in 1949, as the Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan.

neg: Leonid Brezhnev as Yugoslavia and the west. When Brezhnev consolidated his power base in the 1960s, China was descending into crisis because of Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution, which led to the decimation of the Communist Party of China and other ruling offices. The Brezhnev leadership who promoted the idea of "stabilisation", could not comprehend why Mao would start such a "self-destructive" drive to finish the socialist revolution, according to himself. At the same time, Brezhnev had problems of his own, the Czechoslovakian leadership were also deviating from the Soviet model. In the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Soviet leadership

neg: Chen Yonggui Chen Yonggui Chen Yonggui (; 14 February 1915 – 26 March 1986) was a Chinese politician. Though he was an illiterate peasant, he became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China because of the leadership he provided in turning Dazhai into a model for socialist agriculture. Chen Yonggui was born in 1915 as the son of a poor peasant, who moved to Dazhai when Yonggui was 6 years old, and later hanged himself. This situation forced Chen Yonggui to start working at a very young age to

neg: Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (2014) been enforced by the party since its foundation, as of June 2016. The party had initially called a peaceful protest to mark opposition to the Lipulek agreement, a bilateral India-China deal that did not include Nepal, over territory that Nepal claims is theirs, but occupied by India, but was ignored. Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (2014) Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (2014), officially abbreviated as CPN (M) but commonly mistaken in the media as CPN-M (Kiran's party), was formed in March 2014. Echoing the 2012 split of Kiran's faction going by the name CPN-M, Netra Bikram Chand claimed "The Maoist

neg: Song Defu Song Defu Song Defu (; February 1946 – September 13, 2007) was a Chinese politician, best known for his terms as the First Secretary of the Communist Youth League, Minister of Personnel, and the Communist Party Secretary of Fujian province. Widely considered a political star of his time, Song did not ascend further due to poor health towards the end of his career; he died in 2007 at the age of 61. Song Defu was born into the family of a Communist Party official in Yanshan, Hebei Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1965. Song joined the

neg: Communist Party of India Communist Party of India The Communist Party of India (CPI) ("Bhāratīya Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī") is the oldest communist party in India. There are different views on exactly when it was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by the CPI is 26 December 1925. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), which separated from the CPI in 1964 following ideological rift between China and Soviet Union, continues to claim having been founded in 1925. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then "Cawnpore". But as

neg: Wang Hongzhang in Jinxi County (now Huludao). He joined the Communist Party of China in June 1974. He entered Liaoning Finance and Trade College in October 1975, majoring in finance, and graduated in September 1978. He later studied at Central Party School of the Communist Party of China and Dongbei University of Finance and Economics as a part-time student. After graduation he was assigned to People's Bank of China, where he worked until March 1984, when he was transferred to Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC). In November 2003 he was promoted to become head of the Commission for Inspecting Discipline

neg: Xi–Li Administration Xi–Li Administration The Xi–Li Administration () of the People's Republic of China began in 2013, when Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang succeeded Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party. It is speculated that Xi will solidify the political power of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, for the absolute command of the Communist ideology over pragmatic approach, and on the economic front there will be no liberalization but socialist entrenchment. Along with Xi, who replaced Hu Jintao as General Secretary of the Communist Party ("de facto" paramount leader) and President ("de

neg: Taiwanization national emblem. Supporters of the name-change movement argue that the Republic of China no longer exists, as it did not include Taiwan when it was founded in 1912 and mainland China is now controlled by the Chinese Communist Party as the People's Republic of China. Furthermore, the ambiguity surrounding the legal status of Taiwan as a result of the Treaty of peace with Japan and Treaty of San Francisco after World War II, means that the Republic of China was merely a military occupier of Taiwan. As Japan relinquished its sovereignty over Taiwan without passing it to a specific country,

neg: National Congress of the Communist Party of China National Congress of the Communist Party of China The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (NCCPC; ; literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Communist Party of China. Since 1987 the National Congress has been held in the months of October or November. The venue for the event, beginning in 1956, is the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. In the past two decades the National Congress of the CPC has been pivotal at least as a

neg: Open Letter to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China Open Letter to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China The Open Letter to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was a petition from political activists in the People's Republic of China which urged the Chinese Communist Party to introduce political reforms. There were 192 signatories to the letter of a letter in November 2002, which was posted on the Internet calling on the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to introduce political reforms. The Chinese authorities reacted to its publication with an immediate clampdown and arrest of the more

neg: 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China began on November 8, 2012 at the Great Hall of the People. Due to term and age limits restrictions, seven of the nine members of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) retired during the Congress, including Hu Jintao, who was replaced by Xi Jinping as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. The Congress elected the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and saw the number of Politburo Standing Committee seats reduced from nine to seven. The

neg: 1st National Congress of the Communist Party of China attended the meeting. At the time, there were 57 members of the Communist Party of China. Notably, the two founders of the party did not attend the congress: Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The meeting was put to an end due to harassment from the French Concession police on July 30. The delegates then agreed to move the meeting to a rented tourist boat on South Lake in Jiaxing. The Congress elected Chen Duxiu as Secretary (in absentia), Zhang Guotao as Director of Organization, and Li Da as Director of Propaganda. Of the 13 representatives who attended the congress in

neg: Communist Party of China Politburo Standing Committee. However, the Central Committee (and all central organs) of the CYL work under the guidance of the CPC central leadership. Therefore, in a peculiar situation, CYL bodies are both responsible to higher bodies within CYL and the CPC, a distinct organization. As of the 17th National Congress (held in 2013), CYL had 89 million members. According to the Article 53 of the CPC constitution, "the Party emblem and flag are the symbol and sign of the Communist Party of China." At the beginning of its history, the CPC did not have a single official standard for the

neg: Central Party School of the Communist Party of China Palace and Summer Palace. 100 Dayouzhuang Street, Haidian district, Beijing. The Central Party School publishes the "Study Times" ("Xuexi Shibao"), which provides an explanation as to the relationship between the Central Committee's directives and the underlying political theory. Central Party School of the Communist Party of China The Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, also known as the Central Party School, is the higher education institution which specifically trains officials for the Communist Party of China. As of 2012, it has around 1,600 students. The current president is Chen Xi, a member

neg: Landing Savané Landing Savané Landing Savané (born January 10, 1945) is a Senegalese politician and the Secretary-General of And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism. Savané is from Casamance, in the south of Senegal; he was born in Bignona. He was a prominent figure in the radical student movement of the 1960s and a member of the underground communist African Independence Party (PAI). In 1965 Savané revolted against the PAI leadership and formed a separate Senegalese Communist Party. This split led to the dismantling of the Dakar cell of PAI. Savané's new party aligned with China. The Senegalese Communist Party did not last

neg: Politburo of the Communist Party of China China Central Committee in the early 1980s under Hu Yaobang, but has re-emerged as a dominant force after Hu's ousting in 1987. The 19th Politburo was elected at the first plenary session of the 19th Central Committee in October 2017. Politburo of the Communist Party of China The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China, formally known as the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and known as Central Bureau (中央局) before 1927, is a group of 25 people who oversee the Communist Party of China. Unlike politburos (political bureaus) of other Communist parties, power within the politburo

neg: General Secretary of the Communist Party General Secretary of the Communist Party General Secretary or First Secretary is the official title of leaders of most Communist political parties. When a Communist party is the ruling party in a Communist-led one-party state, the General Secretary is typically the country's "de facto" leader—though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions (such as a presidency or premiership) in order to hold "de jure" leadership of the state as well. One exception to this rule is the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1990 where the Chairman and then General Secretary of the Communist Party were subordinate to Deng

neg: Classical Chinese poetry by women. In 1980 fine "shi" poems by the famed Qing novelist Liu E were published for the first time, illustrating the potential to continue finding sunken treasure in the vast body of surviving Qing poetry. Although Qing is the last Chinese dynasty, this did not mean that Classical Chinese poetry disappeared with the end of the imperial period; indeed, Mao Zedong of the Communist Party of China was a major exponent and practitioner of Classical Chinese poetry well into the 20th century. However, the development and great expansion of modern Chinese poetry is generally thought to start at this

neg: 715 Incident communists" () under the First United Front between the KMT and Communist Party of China. However, after the anti-communist faction of the KMT led by Chiang Kai-shek organized a massacre of communists and leftists in April 1927, the nationalist government in Wuhan, led by Wang Jingwei, denounced Chiang, who established his own government in Nanjing, marking the start of the Nanjing–Wuhan split. The Wuhan government initially maintained the alliance with the CPC but later, tension escalated between them. Warlords such as Feng Yuxiang, who commanded large military forces, also called for severing of ties with the Communist Party. KMT leftist–CPC

neg: Korean National Revolutionary Party from the Chinese government. The Chinese government wanted to bring the KIP and KNRP together. When this proved difficult, from 1941 onward they came to favor Kim Koo's KIP. In the summer of 1941 some members of the KNRP and its military arm, the Korean Volunteers Corps, moved to the Communist Party of China region in Northwestern China. Although the Chinese Nationalist government still did not consider that the KNRP was a radical organization, they began to favor Kim Ku's group. In the 1940s the KNRP, whose members were generally younger and more progressive exiles, challenged the authority of the