query: when did women 's hockey became an olympic sport

pos: Ice hockey at the Olympic Games Ice hockey at the Olympic Games Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes. However, the advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union

pos: Women's field hockey in Australia twenty-four matches. The team has one three Olympic gold medals (1988, 1996, 2000), two World Cup gold medals (1994, 1998), six Champions Trophies (1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 , 1999, 2003) and three Commonwealth Games gold medals (1998, 2006, 2010). In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The ninth most popular sport that these women participated in was field hockey, with 3 having played the sport. The sport was tied with billiards,

pos: Lindum Hockey Club took the club elsewhere in the city for their home games. In 1980 the two clubs were merged to become a single entity, continuing to be called Lincoln Imps Hockey Club, until 1998 when it became simply Lincoln Hockey Club. Olympic medalist and England / Great Britain International player Georgie Twigg is a former player of Lincoln Hockey Club. An attempt to arrange a merger between Lincoln Roses Hockey Club and Lincoln Hockey Club in the mid to late-2000s proved unsuccessful and the two clubs continued to provide opportunities to play hockey and promote the sport side-by-side in the same

pos: Sport in the Czech Republic island in Prague has 14 outdoor courts and 10 indoor courts. Its centre court has a capacity of 8,000 and hosts ATP and WTA tournaments on an annual basis. Among the most attractive events for Czech fans are the Ice hockey Olympics, especially against traditional rivals like Russia, Finland, Canada, and Slovakia. The greatest achievements include gold medals at the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. In 2014, just under 340,000 youths were registered with the Czech Union of Sport, representing a fall of more than a third since 1989's Velvet Revolution. Sport in the Czech Republic Sports play a significant part

pos: Hockey in Greece 1998, the indoor hockey championship started. Because of the 2004 Athens Olympics a field hockey venue was created in Hellinikon Olympic Complex, the Hellinikon Olympic Hockey Centre. After the Olympics interest about the sport remained low, so in 2014 the Greek Field Hockey Federation was abolished, a move associated with a scandal related with the conducting of fake youth championships so that the athletes would gain bonus for the university entry exams. Greek ice hockey clubs were found in North America since 1920. In Greece itself the sport began in 1984 by players that had come from abroad. At first,

pos: Irish Amateur Swimming Association the national championship held in 1990 at the Guinness Pool. By the turn of the millennium Ireland still did not have an Olympic-sized pool placing any swimmer training here at an enormous disadvantage at international competition. At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta Michelle Smith became Ireland's first Olympic medalist in swimming - winning three golds and a bronze. A shadow was cast over these medals when subsequently in 1998 she was banned for 4 years from the sport for tampering with a urine sample using alcohol, during a mandatory out of competition test. In the late 1990s various abuse

neg: Raymond Gafner hockey referee, and was the president of the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation from 1945 until 1951, celebrating the bronze medal at the World Championships in 1950. He became a member of the Swiss Olympic Committee in 1947 and was the president of the Committee from 1965 until 1985. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1969 until 1990, when he became an honorary member, and is one of the founders of the Olympic Museum in Lausanne in 1993. He died in 2002 after a prolonged disease. Raymond Gafner was also known as a writer, publishing 6 sport

neg: Sport in Western Australia Bash domestic competition and have been the most successful franchise since the competition's inception. The WACA also hosts international Test and One Day International cricket matches. The Western Fury represent WA in the Women's National Cricket League. Perth has a strong regional field hockey competition. There are many field hockey clubs for children, men, women and veterans (over 40 year of age). Western Australia contributes significantly to the national Australian men's and ladies' hockey teams which have both been winners of Olympic Gold Medals. The Australian Institute of Sport hockey unit has been based in Perth since 1984, when it

neg: Waverley Hockey Club available for all standards of men and women. Waverley also enters teams in Masters Over 35, 45 and 50 age group competitions. Formed in 1958, the club has produced FIH International Coach of the Year and current New Zealand Men's National Coach Colin Batch, international coaches, Australian & Victorian representatives, Australian Institute of Sport and Victorian Institute of Sport scholarship holders. Recently retired Waverley player Stacia Joseph is the current Victorian Institute of Sport women's hockey coach. In 2004, Waverley had its proudest moment when Waverley players Travis Brooks and Stephen Mowlam won Olympic Gold for Australia at the 2004

neg: Willard Ikola of the players on the US Olympic team were college level players, while other teams like Canada and the Soviet union were composed of professional players. After playing a few more seasons with the US Olympic team, Ikola retired from playing hockey in 1958. However, he did not leave the sport completely. He soon took up a coaching position for the Edina High School boys' hockey team, where he became one of the most successful high school coaches in history. As head ice hockey coach at Edina High School and Edina East High School in Edina, Minnesota, Ikola compiled a

neg: Federation of International Bandy variants of the same game. The founders of the federation were representatives from Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia (now Czech republic). However, as ice hockey became an Olympic sport while bandy did not, bandy only survived in some of the Nordic countries and the Soviet Union. LIHG is now the International Ice Hockey Federation. In the 1940s, the Nordic countries Finland, Norway and Sweden set up a joint rules committee. In the early 1950s, the Soviet Union decided to break out of its isolation in international sport and started a friendly exchange with the said Nordic countries. The

neg: Sport in India Olympic Associations is to promote the Olympic sport and to ensure co-ordination among the State Sports Associations. In 2010–11, the total budget for sports and physical education schemes is . Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic gold medals, is said to be the national sport. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are India's highest awards for achievement in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. India has been criticised for neglecting women in sports, as depicted in the film "Chak De! India", where women's sports associations are under-sponsored

neg: Ice hockey in Australia Rhinos withdrawing the competition because of AIHL's licensing changes. 2009's cup was taken by the Adrenaline and 2010 was taken by the Ice in Melbourne's new Olympic Training Facility in Melbourne's Docklands. In 2011 the Mustangs Ice Hockey Club joined the league making it an eight teamed competition. Their home rink is also at the Docklands. The Perth Thunder joined the AIHL at the start of 2012 as the ninth team. Ice hockey in Australia Ice hockey in Australia is only a moderately popular sport, with low participation and spectator attendance figures when compared with many other sports played in

neg: Ice hockey in Greece Ice hockey in Greece Greece became an IIHF member in 1987 and participated in five IIHF tournaments from 1991 to 1999. Greek hockey teams were found by Ahepa in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century, in Greece itself the sport startet in the 1980s with players from abroad. Since 1999 there is no more any rink in olympic size. The 2007-08 season saw the return of hockey when a small, temporary rink was built in Athens. The following season saw an ice rink built into a disused wrestling arena built for the 2004 Summer Olympics but when

neg: Sweat (Canadian TV series) Sweat (Canadian TV series) SWEAT is an OLN/TSN show hosted by Julie Zwillich that aired in 2003-2004. Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of "SWEAT" features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon, wakeboarding, snowboarding, telemark skiing and kiteboarding. Guest experts provide examples of the latest sport-specific gear, and techniques as well as provide nutrition and training tips for entry-level participation. Some of "SWEAT"s guest athletes include, Olympic beach volleyball bronze medallists John Child and Mark Heese, Canada’s young soccer superstar Kara Lang, snowboarding champion Alexa Loo and women’s hockey Olympic

neg: Angela James administrator Fran Rider stated that James brought credibility, without which the women's game would never have gained recognition as an Olympic sport. An eight-time scoring champion and six-time most valuable player during her senior career, James has been honoured by several organizations. She was named Toronto's Youth of the Year in 1985 and was presented the city's Women in Sport Enhancement Award in 1992. Hockey Canada named her the 2005 recipient of its Female Hockey Breakthrough Award. The Flemingdon Park arena was renamed the Angela James Arena in 2009, and the Canadian Women's Hockey League presents the Angela James Bowl

neg: H. Montagu Allan 1920, when hockey was first introduced to the Olympic Games, the reigning Allan Cup champion was chosen to represent Canada. This continued until (Father) David Bauer introduced a National Hockey program that produced a team of selects at the Innsbruck 1964 Winter Olympics. For his contribution to the sport of ice hockey, Allan was made a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945 in the Builders category. His cousin, Brenda (Allan), known as Lady Meredith (1867–1959), donated the Lady Meredith Cup in 1920, which was the first ice hockey trophy to be competed for amongst women in Canada.

neg: Beighton Cup off in 1905. British officers popularised the game amongs't soldiers in India; hockey, as an organised sport, originated in Kolkata. The Anglo-Indian clubs of the time, most significantly, the Calcutta Naval Volunteers Club, now the Calcutta Rangers Club deserve a big share of the credit. Not only did Rangers Club win the Beighton Cup nine times, including in its inaugural year, it was directly responsible for two of the country's Olympic gold medals. When the Indian Olympic Committee did not have the funds to send the Indian team in 1932 and 1936, it was the generosity of the Rangers Club,

neg: Daphne Pirie Daphne Pirie Daphne Pirie, MBE OA (née Welch; born 21 December 1931) was a nationally ranked Australian athlete, hockey player, golfer and is currently a sports administrator and world-ranked Masters Athlete. In 1989, Pirie was awarded a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to Hockey. She was the first female vice-president of the Queensland Olympic Council and, in 2011, she received the International Olympic Committee Women and Sport trophy for Oceania. In 2012, Pirie was named a Queensland Great on Queensland Day and received an Order of Australia for her services to sports administration, hockey and

neg: Ano Liosia Olympic Hall and Hellenic Digital Archive. From May 19 to June 6, 2010, the arena hosted the Greek national Ice Hockey Championships for both men and women. Ano Liosia Olympic Hall Ano Liosia Olympic Hall was used to host to judo and wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The arena seats up to 9,300, but only 6,000 seats were made available for the Olympics. The hall is situated in Ano Liosia, a suburb northwest of central Athens. It can be used as a multi-sport and multi-purpose arena. After the Olympics, the venue became the site of various television productions,

neg: Bandy Europe during the 20th century, especially in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Ice hockey became more popular than bandy in most of Europe mostly because it had become an Olympic sport, while bandy had not. Athletes in Europe who had played bandy switched to ice hockey in the 1920s to compete in the Olympics. The smaller ice fields needed for ice hockey also made its rinks easier to maintain, especially in countries with short winters. On the other hand, ice hockey was not played in the Soviet Union until the 1950s when the USSR wanted to compete internationally. The typical European

neg: Sport in the United Kingdom there was significant controversy in the fight for amateur purity especially in rugby and rowing. New games became popular almost overnight, including golf, lawn tennis, cycling and hockey. Women were much more likely to enter these sports than the old established ones. The aristocracy and landed gentry, with their ironclad control over land rights, dominated hunting, shooting, fishing and horse racing. Many modern Olympic sports trace their roots back to Britain. Political responsibility for sport is a devolved matter. As England has no parliament of her own, the United Kingdom Department of Culture, Media and Sport which is headed by

neg: Ready to Fly (film) in 1975 when she swam around Manhattan island and in 1979 from the Bahamas to Florida. In 2013, at age 64, after many long distance swimming exploits, she became the first person confirmed to swim from Cuba to Florida (180 km). She swam to raise funds for victims of Hurricane Sandy. Women have been fighting for years to be able to compete in the Winter Olympics’ ski jumping category. Women have always been banned from competing in the Ski Jumping Olympic Competitions since it became an official Olympic Sport in Chamonix Olympic Winter Games in 1924. The documentary states why

neg: England Hockey in the Olympics. This has created tensions between the governing bodies and those responsible for the Great Britain teams. However the women's team have been performing well, winning a bronze at the Olympic Games in London 2012 and most recently the gold at the Olympic Games on Rio in 2016. The current England Men and England Women Hockey teams train at Bisham Abbey National Sport Centre just outside Marlow. Over 841 clubs across England and the Channel Islands affiliate to England Hockey. The Hockey seasons for clubs are split into the Winter season running from mainly from September to April

neg: 1991 European Youth Olympic Days tennis for both genders, and four team sports; football and basketball for boys, volleyball and field hockey for girls. 1991 European Youth Olympic Days The 1991 European Youth Olympic Days (1991 EYOD) was the inaugural edition of multi-sport event for European youths between the ages of 13 and 18. It was held in Brussels, Belgium from 12 to 21 July. A total of nine sports were contested by 2084 athletes representing 33 European nations. The idea for the competition came from Jacques Rogge, an International Olympic Committee member, as the continent did not have its own multi-sport event at the

neg: Ice hockey Hockey League was founded in New York City, shortly after the opening of the artificial-ice St. Nicholas Rink. Lord Stanley's five sons were instrumental in bringing ice hockey to Europe, defeating a court team (which included the future Edward VII and George V) at Buckingham Palace in 1895. By 1903, a five-team league had been founded. The "Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace" was founded in 1908 to govern international competition, and the first European championship was won by Great Britain in 1910. The sport grew further in Europe in the 1920s, after ice hockey became an Olympic sport. Many

neg: Triple Gold Club Triple Gold Club The Triple Gold Club is the group of ice hockey players and coaches who have won an Olympic Games gold medal, a World Championship gold medal, and the Stanley Cup, the championship trophy of the National Hockey League (NHL). The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) considers them to be "the three most important championships available to the sport". Tomas Jonsson, Mats Näslund and Håkan Loob became the first members on 27 February 1994 when Sweden won the gold medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics. The term first entered popular use following the 2002 Winter Olympics, which saw

neg: Janice Romary husband, Charles Romary, was also an épée and sabre fencer, sports that did not exist at the Olympic level for women until the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. He took up the sport after marrying Janice in 1953. Romary's association with the Olympics and the sport of fencing continued well beyond her Olympic competition. She was women's administrator for the United States Olympic Committee for the 1976 Montreal Olympics and was responsible for all U.S. women competitors. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, she was commissioner of fencing. Romary was inducted into the United States Fencing Association Hall of Fame in the

neg: Hockey Ireland Hockey Ireland Hockey Ireland, previously known as the Irish Hockey Association, is the governing body for field hockey in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It is responsible for organising both the Ireland men's national field hockey team and the Ireland women's national field hockey team as well as national leagues and cup competitions. Hockey Ireland is funded through grants from Sport Ireland, Sport Northern Ireland and the Olympic Council of Ireland. In 2013 Hockey Ireland became a limited company. Approximately 168 clubs and 280 schools are affiliated to Hockey Ireland. The Irish Hockey Union was founded on

neg: Kim St-Pierre St. Pierre won the top three trophies in women's ice hockey, becoming one of only three women to win the Clarkson Cup, an Olympic gold medal (in 2002, 2006, and 2010), and a gold medal at the IIHF women's world hockey championships. St. Pierre did not play the 2011–12 Canada women's national ice hockey team season (along with the Stars season) to have a baby. St. Pierre made women's ice hockey history on October 23, 2008, when she tended goal during a practice session with the Montreal Canadiens at Denis Savard Arena. Carey Price was out with the flu. She

neg: Team sport Olympics together with the bobsleigh competition where the men's event has classes for both two-man and four-man sleds, but the women's class is restricted to two persons only. All Olympic team sports include competitions for both men and women. Team sport A team sport includes any sport which involves two or more players working together towards a shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to win. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. Team sports are practiced

neg: Women's sport in Australia first female Winter Olympians. They competed at figure skating at 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway. In 1991, Helen Brownlee became the first woman elected to the Australian Olympic Committee's Executive Board. In 1988, at the Seoul Olympics, the Australian women's hockey team "Hockeyroos", became the first Australian women's team sport to win an Olympic gold medal. The Hockeyroos went on to win the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Games. In 2002, Alisa Camplin competing at the 2012 Winter Olympics Salt Lake City became Australia's first female Winter Olympics gold medalist. In 1960, Daphne Hilton was

neg: Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Olympics golds in London), and three Olympic records. NOC*NSF selected a team of 175 athletes (exclusive reserves), 95 men and 80 women, to compete in 18 sports; it was the nation's eighth-largest team sent to the Olympics, but the smallest since 1988. Field hockey was the only team-based sport in which the Netherlands had its representation in these Olympic games. There was only a single competitor in archery, badminton, fencing, shooting, and taekwondo. The Dutch team featured three defending Olympic champions (dressage rider Anky van Grunsven, the women's freestyle swimming team, and the women's national field hockey team). Van Grunsven, eight-time

neg: Murray Costello winning the gold medal at the 1982 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. It also proved to create player loyalty to the program, when they wanted to return to play for the Canada men's national ice hockey team. In 1990, the International Olympic Committee and Juan Antonio Samaranch were looking for ways to increase the number of events in the Winter Olympics for women, and made the suggestion to IIHF president Günther Sabetzki, with the promise that if it was successful, Samaranch would fast-track the sport into the Olympics. Sabetzki asked Costello if the CAHA would stage a women’s world championship,

neg: USA Roller Sports The USA Roller Sports is responsible for many competitions taking place each year. One of the biggest is USA Rink Hockey National Championship. The sport is part of the Pan American Games and the World Games and is noted as an Olympic Recognized sport. In 2005, the International Olympic Committee selected Roller Sports among four other sports for consideration into the Olympic Games. In particular, Inline Speedskating was chosen and submitted for consideration. In the 1990s, hockey was slated as a demonstration sport but was never added as a full-fledged member of the Olympic Games' program. FIRS President Aracu has

neg: Recurring segments on The Colbert Report Olympics and try out for the corresponding US team. In each of the segments, skeleton, bobsledding, curling, and speed skating were all profiled. Luge was passed upon, due to it being considered the "gayest sport". The final segment featured the race between Colbert and Olympic skater Shani Davis, which was issued after Davis called Colbert "a jerk" for slamming Canada for not allowing the US speedskating team to practice in their arena. Stephen Colbert's Sport Report (both pronounced with silent "t"s) was originally created to cover the Saginaw Spirit, an Ontario Hockey League junior ice hockey team whose secondary mascot,

neg: Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Unlike most Olympic competitors, she did not win her spot through a national competition because Saudi Arabia strongly discourages women from participating in sport, and thus has no such competitions for women. Unlike other judoka in competition, who have attained black belts in the sport, she had only acquired a blue belt. The IOC president Jacques Rogge said of Shahrkhani's and Attar's inclusion, "The I.O.C. has been working very closely with the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee and I am pleased to see that our continued dialogue has come to fruition." The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee

neg: Federation of Ice Hockey League federation has already gained a membership of the Philippine Olympic Committee. The Philippines did not enter in any 2017 IIHF World Championship tournaments. The Philippines did not enter in any 2018 IIHF World Championship tournaments. Federation of Ice Hockey League The Federation of Ice Hockey League, Inc. (FIHL), also known as Hockey Philippines, is the national governing body for the sport of ice hockey in the Philippines. It handled the formation of the Philippine national team that will participate in international ice hockey tournaments, together with the acquisition foreign coaches, creating ice hockey tournaments around the country and partnering with

neg: Hockey Rules Board years ago goalkeepers did not wear helmets but today’s standards and personal expectations demand increased protection. A third reason is to ensure that hockey continues as a popular sport throughout the world. In today’s fast paced electronic age, the public, especially young children, are attracted by sports they see on television. The Olympic movement has recognised this and are now including more attractive and exciting sports in their programmes. Whether one likes this or not, it is very clear that, if a sport is to attract young players and indeed keep its place in the Olympics, it must be an

neg: Powerlifting of the EPF (European Powerlifting Federation) in 1974. Since it was closely associated with bodybuilding and women had been competing as bodybuilders for years, the new sport was opened to them very quickly. The first U. S. national championships for women were held in 1978 and the IPF added women's competition in 1979. In the USA, the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 required that each Olympic or potential Olympic sport must have its own national governing body by November 1980. As a result, the AAU lost control of virtually every amateur sport. The USPF was founded in 1980 as the

neg: Australia women's national field hockey team extent of the Hockeyroos success, the team has consistently remained at the top of the world hockey rankings. From the late 1980s until 2000, the Australian team was ranked at number 1 in the world. Only once during this period, did the Hockeyroos fail to win a tournament, when they finished second. As part of the Olympic team in 1988, 1992, 1996, 1999 and 2000, Rechelle Hawkes is one of the most revered Hockeyroos of all time. Such is her status in international hockey that she is among the most successful female players in the history of the sport. Hawkes

neg: Ice hockey at the Olympic Games to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted. Günther Sabetzki became president of the IIHF in 1975 and helped to resolve the dispute with the CAHA. In 1976, the IIHF agreed to allow "open competition" between all players in the World

neg: Kayla Whitelock in December 2013. Whitelock took up hockey at the age of seven, as her school only played hockey, not her preferred sport, netball. Kayla Whitelock Kayla Marie Whitelock (née Sharland, born 30 October 1985) is a New Zealand field hockey player, and former captain of the New Zealand women's national field hockey team (the "Black Sticks Women"). She has competed in four Olympic Games (2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016), three Commonwealth Games (2006, 2010 and 2014) and two Hockey World Cups (2010 and 2014). She was named on the FIH's All-Star Team in 2010 and was Hockey New Zealand's player

neg: International Shooting Sport Federation 1977’s Ladies Committee. In 1984 Mrs. Unni Nicolaysen became the first woman in the 77-year-old history of the Federation to be elected as a member of the Administrative Council. That same year, the IOC added three women events to the Olympic Shooting program. Two years later, at the suggestion of the IOC, the ISSF developed an Olympic qualification system, establishing a new series of World Cups, including them in the system and recognizing their scores as potential World Records. The first ISSF Rifle and Pistol World Cup was held in Mexico City in March 1986, followed by the first ISSF

neg: W. A. Hewitt mid-80s. He also served as an officer of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association between 1915 and 1961. Hewitt was honorary team manager of three consecutive Olympic gold medal winning hockey teams, the Winnipeg Falcons (1920), Toronto Granites (1924), and Toronto Varsity Grads (1928). He was also referee of the first Olympic hockey game, Sweden's 8-0 victory over Belgium at the 1920 Olympic Games. In 1924, he lost a coin toss to American William S. Haddock to determine who would be second vice-president of the International Ice Hockey Federation. Hewitt became manager of the Argonaut football team in 1905 and in

neg: 100 metres at the Olympics the only one within the top ten that did not feature an American winner). The high-profile nature of 100 m Olympic finals in some countries has served to encourage participation in sport among the wider public, particularly in short sprinting. Successive generations of athletes cite previous 100 m Olympic champions as the reason for their entering the sport. The history of the event has had particular impact for African-American athletes: Jesse Owens' Olympic 100 m gold was an early example of a black American achieving success on an international stage while Wilma Rudolph's 1960 win inspired many black American women.

neg: Australia women's national field hockey team is the only female hockey player to win three Olympic gold medals at three separate games. After 279 international matches, Hawkes retired following the Sydney Olympic Games where the Hockeyroos again won gold. In recognition of her contribution to Australian sport, Rechelle was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2002. Alyson Annan is also one of more prominent figures in the history of the Hockeyroos. Annan debuted in the Australian side at the age of 18 and became renowned for her prowess in front of goal, scoring 166 goals during her career. She was widely regarded as

neg: Sport in the Czech Republic by Czech fans are: the Ice Hockey World Championship, the Olympic ice hockey tournament, the European football championship, the football World Cup and qualification matches for such events. In general, any international match involving the Czech ice hockey or football national team draws attention, especially when played against a traditional rival: Germany in football; Russia, Finland, Sweden and Canada in ice hockey; and Slovakia in both. Summer and winter Olympic games are also both very popular. The Czech national team is one of the top teams in the world, regularly competing in the World Championship, the Winter Olympic Games and

neg: Israel Roller Hockey League on wheeled skates and can not intervene in the game when not in possession of the stick. All incorporate a series of protections in their clothing. The game is divided into two parts, 25 minutes each -20 teams in international competitions with a break-intermediate 5 minutes. This pattern emerged in Britain during the s. XIX. In 1924 was first regulated in Switzerland and that same year formed the Federation of International Hockey skates. Although no category Olympic exhibition sport was in the 1992 Barcelona Games. Spain and Portugal are the countries with more tradition in their practice. HISTORY OF SKATING

neg: Eva Ganster From 2003 to 2005, Ganster competed regularly in FIS events. In 2004, she won one event in Pöhla and medalled at several others. Her final competitive ski jump at international level was in Oslo on 12 March 2005, where she placed eighth. She never formally represented her country in Olympic ski jumping, which did not become an official Olympic sport for women until 2014, when Carina Vogt won the first Gold medal. Eva Ganster Eva Ganster (born 30 March 1978) is an Austrian former ski jumper. She has nine women's ski flying world records, set between 1994 and 1997. Ganster

neg: Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics to our society." After Canadians failed to obtain a gold medal in 1976 or 1988, the Canadian Olympic Committee pledged to make Canada the top medal winning nation at 2010. They started the Own the Podium program and the Canadian government invested $120 million into the program. Since 1994, Canadian national hockey team players have worn uniforms that feature the logo of Hockey Canada, the governing body of the sport in Canada. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not allow the use of national federation logos, but did not strictly enforce the rule until the 2008 Summer Olympics. Canadian hockey

neg: France at the 2012 Summer Olympics The French Olympic Committee selected a team of 330 athletes, 183 men and 147 women, to compete in 24 different sports; it was the nation's third largest team outside the host nation, and the first with the highest percentage of women in Olympic history. France did not qualify teams in field hockey, volleyball and water polo, but did mark its Olympic return to men's basketball after a twelve-year absence. The French team included past Olympic champions, three of them defending (Greco-Roman wrestler Steeve Guenot, mountain biker Julien Absalon, and the men's national handball team). Equestrian eventing rider Denis Mesples, at

neg: Olympic Games amateur and professional players competing together. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition" was instituted. Günther Sabetzki became president of the IIHF in 1975 and helped to resolve the dispute

neg: Ross King (ice hockey) only twelve players, King was a used as a reserve and did not get into game play during the 1948 Olympics. Nonetheless, King was a member of the team that won Canada’s first gold medal in Olympic hockey since 1932, and he was given an Olympic Gold Medal. After the Olympic Games, the Ottawa RCAF Flyers went on an extensive exhibition tour of Europe, playing in front of crowds reaching 20,000 (as they did in Paris). King became the regular goalie during the post-Olympics exhibition tour, and the RCAF Flyers won 31 of the 42 games played. Upon returning to

neg: Romanian Field Hockey Federation Romanian Field Hockey Federation The Romanian Hockey Federation is the national governing body for the sport of field hockey in Romania. Considered as an aristocratic sport and little known to Romanian public, field hockey popularity has grown in the past years. At youth level, there were 13 teams and over 200 registered players in 2009. Hockey is played mostly at youth level due to the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee to support the sport at under-18 age. However, because of the expenses and the lack of investors' interest, there are no senior teams or competitions right now. Field hockey was

neg: Women's rifle shooting sport in Australia field hockey tournament featuring Australian, Kiwi and Fijian teams was played. In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The ninth most popular sport that these women participated in was squash, with 3 having played the sport. The sport was tied with croquet, billiards, chess, fishing, field hockey, horse racing, squash, table tennis and shooting. Women's rifle shooting sport in Australia Shooting was an important skill for women in the bush to

neg: 21st century basketball, ice hockey, tennis, and golf were popular globally. In cricket the emergence of the Twenty20 format as well as the creation of the Indian Premier League led to changes in the nature of the sport. American swimmer Michael Phelps won an Olympic record setting 8 Gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Modern Olympic Games Association football Athletics Aquatics Cricket Cycling Rugby Union Tennis (Men) Tennis (Women) Motorsport Golf Boxing Entertainment during the 21st century had evolved from the same types of entertainment which emerged around the middle of the 20th century. Sports, films, music, TV series' and books

neg: NCAA Division I Women's Hockey conferences and teams after the 2009–10 season. CHA remains in operation as a women-only conference, currently with six teams — two from New York state; one from Missouri; and three from Pennsylvania: The CHA conference champion receives an automatic bid to the NCAA Championship Tournament. Located in the northeastern United States, the ECAC Hockey has changed to meet the needs of the exploding collegiate sport as 24 teams have called ECAC Hockey home since the first regional championship was contested in 1984. Clarkson became the first non-WCHA team to win the national championship when it defeated the Minnesota Gophers in the 2014 Frozen

neg: History of women in Puerto Rico became the first person to win an Olympic gold medal for Puerto Rico by defeating Germany's Angelique Kerber in the women's singles tennis final. She became the first Puerto Rican female medalist in any sport. The following table has a list of the Puerto Rican women, including women of Puerto Rican ancestry, who won Olympic medals. After Hurricane Maria, many women were the driving force to starting up the rebuilding of the island. They have "waded into flooded neighborhoods to extricate the abandoned, and put together soup kitchens to feed the hungry. They’ve canvassed their communities in order to diagnose

neg: Liane Tooth Women unit of the WA Department of Sport and Recreation. Most recently she has been working for the same department as an Officiating and Coaching Consultant, helping to develop officials such as referees and judges, and coaches. She was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1996. She was one of the eight flag-bearers of the Olympic Flag at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Liane Tooth Liane Marianne Tooth, OAM (born 13 March 1962 in Sydney, New South Wales) is a retired field hockey forward, who twice won the

neg: Ice hockey in the United States Championship. Canada took the gold medal and the United States took the silver. Canada took the gold medal again in the 1924 winter Olympics. This was the first time hockey was considered an Olympic sport. In 1936, Great Britain gave Canada their first big loss in international hockey. Great Britain took the gold medal. The USSR finally joined in on Olympic ice hockey in 1956. They ended up winning the gold medal that year. (Fitzpatrick, 2012) In 1960 and 1980 the United States won the ice hockey Olympic Games. The 1980 ice hockey Olympics was known as "Miracle on Ice".

neg: Legacy of the 2012 Summer Olympics Popchoir performed at the Olympic Park in 2014. Sport relief occurred at the Olympic Park in 2013, When concert promoters Live Nation won the right to stage shows at the stadium and in the surrounding park during January, 2013, but only the park was used. The site of the former Riverbank Arena slated to be the stage for Hard Rock Calling, Wireless and Electric Daisy Carnival festivals in 2013. The Lee Valley Hockey Centre was borne from a revamp of the Olympic Legacy Hockey Facility and is the home ground of Wapping Hockey Club. The London Legacy Development Corporation is

neg: North Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics total of 51 athletes, 15 men and 36 women, competed in 10 sports. Women's football was the only team-based sport in which North Korea had its representation in these Olympic games. There was only a single competitor in archery, judo, and shooting. Marathon runner Pak Song-chol became the nation's first athlete in Olympic history to carry the flag at the opening ceremony. For the first time since its Olympic return in 1992, North Korea did not qualify athletes in gymnastics. North Korea left London with a total of 6 medals (4 gold and 2 bronze), tying the record from the

neg: Gina Kingsbury goal and three assists in five games as Team Canada went on to take the silver medal. When Gina Kingsbury won her first gold medal with Canada in 2006, she became the third St. Lawrence alumnus-athlete to win an Olympic gold medal. Her jersey number for Canada is 27, the same number that she had while skating for St. Lawrence. Fellow hockey player, Isabelle Chartrand was the second St. Lawrence alumnus who won an Olympic gold medal (doing so with Canada’s women in 2002). The first St. Lawrence alum was Ed Rimkus, who won gold in 1932. She has won

neg: Olympic Games wrestling is a Summer Olympic sport, comprising two disciplines: Greco-Roman and Freestyle. It is further broken down into fourteen events for men and four events for women, each representing a different weight class. The Summer Olympics programme includes 26 sports, while the Winter Olympics programme features 15 sports. Athletics, swimming, fencing, and artistic gymnastics are the only summer sports that have never been absent from the Olympic programme. Cross-country skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, ski jumping, and speed skating have been featured at every Winter Olympics programme since its inception in 1924. Current Olympic sports, like badminton, basketball,

neg: India at the 2012 Summer Olympics India at the 2012 Summer Olympics India competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The Indian Olympic Association sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games in Olympic history. A total of 83 athletes, 60 men and 23 women, competed in 13 sports. Men's field hockey was the only team-based sport in which India had its representation in these Olympic games. India also marked its Olympic return in weightlifting, after the International Weightlifting Federation imposed a two-year suspension for the nation's athletes in Beijing because of a doping scandal. The Indian team

neg: Winter sport in Australia individual from the Southern Hemisphere, to win a Winter Olympic gold medal and was also part of the short track relay team that won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal (a bronze in 1994). Australia first competed in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 and has taken part in every Winter Olympics since 1952. Australia first entered an ice hockey team in the 1960 Winter Olympics. It won its first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze, in 1994, and became the only southern hemisphere country to win Winter Olympic gold in 2002. Australia has competed in every Winter Paralympic Games, and has

neg: Sport in India and out of funds. Following is a list of international sports events held in India: A single athlete, Norman Pritchard, represented India in the 1900 Olympics, winning two silver medals. India sent its first national team to the Olympics in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Olympic Games ever since. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games since 1964. India has won a total of 26 Olympic medals. India won its first gold medal in men's field hockey in the 1928 Olympic Games. Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the

neg: Canada at the Summer Olympics Shewfelt in Athens. Lori Fung won a gold in rhythmic gymnastics in Los Angeles and Canadians have also won medals in trampolining. Canada has never won an Olympic medal in handball. Their best finish was sixth in the women's tournament at the 1976 games. Canada has never won an Olympic medal in field hockey. Their best finish was fifth in the women's tournament at the 1984 games. Canada won the gold medal when ice hockey was introduced in the program of the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp. The sport was moved to the Winter Olympics program for the first winter games

neg: Ice Hockey World Championships allow the use of professionals was reversed in January 1970. IOC president Avery Brundage was opposed to the idea of amateur and professional players competing together and said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from International ice hockey competition. Canada's ice hockey team did not participate in the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics. Canada also waived their rights to host the 1970 World Championship, so it was held in Stockholm, Sweden instead. Led by goaltender Vladislav Tretiak and forwards Valeri Kharlamov, Alexander Yakushev, Vladimir Petrov

neg: Gaétan Boucher he had no chance to finish anything but last. Three years later, however, he did win the title, requiring to beat Sergey Khlebnikov by 0.47 seconds on the final 1000 m; he won by 0.49 and secured the title by 0.01 of a samalog point, capping a season which also included two Olympic golds. He is the father of ice hockey player Jean-Francois Boucher. Gaétan Boucher Gaétan T. Boucher, OC, CQ (born May 10, 1958, in Charlesbourg, Quebec) is a former speed skating Olympic champion from Canada. Boucher first trained in ice hockey, the leading sport in Canada, but then

neg: Bahrain Olympic Committee the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It has all the rights and obligations set forth in the Olympic Charter. Committees Associated With The BOC: Marketing Committee, Technical Committee, Women and Sport Committee, Sport and the Environment Committee. Bahrain Olympic Committee Bahrain Olympic Committee (, IOC code: BRN) is the National Olympic Committee representing Bahrain as a member of the International Olympic Committee. It was formed in 1978 and received official recognition in 1979. It is responsible for organizing Bahrain's participation in the Olympic Games. The idea to establish the committee was finally fulfilled on 19 May 1979 as it became the

neg: Arizona State Sun Devils men's ice hockey Collegiate Hockey Conference, and the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (though not Hockey East, ECAC Hockey, or Atlantic Hockey) have been seen as potential landing spots for Arizona State. The Sun Devils will continue as an independent in 2018-19. Hockey began as a sport at Arizona State in the fall of 1973 with ASU students gathering at Tower Ice Plaza in Central Phoenix to play pick up hockey amongst each other. As collegiate club hockey evolved throughout the country, so did hockey at Arizona State. By the late 80's ASU was fielding a full-fledged ice hockey team competing in Division II

neg: North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey a team building with locker rooms, team room, sports medicine space, players' lounge, meeting space and coaches' offices. North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey The North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey team represent the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I field hockey. Field hockey has been played at North Carolina since the 1940s, but only became a varsity sport in 1971 when the school was a charter member of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). The team won several state AIAW championships and finished second twice in the

neg: North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey The North Carolina Tar Heels field hockey team represent the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I field hockey. Field hockey has been played at North Carolina since the 1940s, but only became a varsity sport in 1971 when the school was a charter member of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). The team won several state AIAW championships and finished second twice in the AIAW Southern Region II tournament before joining the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for the 1982 season. Jerseys

neg: Women's ice hockey in Australia Women's ice hockey in Australia In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The twenty-fourth most popular sport that these women participated in was ice hockey, with one woman having played the sport. The sport was tied with baseball and bowls. In 1983, the Australian Ice Hockey League dealt with the issue of Karen Sommerville trying to compete in a men's ice hockey league by amending the organisation's constitution to prohibit mixed

neg: Roy Forbes (ice hockey) Olympic ice hockey squad. Although Forbes traveled to St. Moritz as a member of Canada national hockey team, due to tournament rules that allowed teams to dress only twelve players, Forbes was used as a reserve and did not get into game play during the 1948 Olympics. Nonetheless, Forbes was a member of the team that won Canada’s first gold medal in Olympic hockey since 1932, and he was given an Olympic Gold Medal. In 2001 Roy Forbes was honoured by the Canadian Forces when it was announced that the 1948 RCAF Flyers were selected as Canada’s greatest military athletes

neg: Roller in-line hockey internationally the sport of inline hockey is recognized as a discipline of roller sports. Then, as now, USA Roller Sports is a member in good standing of Federation International de Roller Sports ("FIRS"), the international federation for roller sports as recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and FIRS is also recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) as the controlling international federation for inline hockey, a sport of the Pan American Games. For training purposes especially for hockey players, inline skates were produced in small quantities by several companies which were in fact modified ice skates. This changed when

neg: NCAA Emerging Sports for Women are 89 DI, 16 DII and 41 DIII schools witch participating in varsity competition. In 2001 Ice Hockey become a NCAA sport. The University of Minnesota is the most dominate women's collegiate ice hockey team in the US. Minnesota has won 6 national championships and produced many Olympians. As of the year 2016-17 there are 36 DI, 5 DII and 59 DIII schools witch participating in varsity competition. In 2001 Ice Water Polo become a NCAA sport. The UC San Diego was the best team before Water Polo became an Emerging sport they won 5 titles. During and after the

neg: Women's sports Olympics even as spectators, Cynisca won an Olympic game as owner of a chariot (champions of chariot races were owners not riders), as did Euryleonis, Belistiche, Zeuxo, Encrateia and Hermione, Timareta, Theodota and Cassia. After the classical period, there was some participation by women in men's athletic festivals. Women in Sparta began to practice the same athletic exercises that men did, exhibiting the qualities of Spartan soldiers. Plato even supported women in sports by advocating running and sword-fighting for women. Notably, cultural representations of a pronounced female physicality were not limited to sport in Ancient Greece and can also be

neg: Sport in Latvia Latvia. Gallery of famous Latvian sportspeople Sport in Latvia Sports in Latvia include association football, ice hockey, basketball, athletics, rugby, tennis, cycling, and others. Association hockey is historically the most popular of the Latvian sports and is closely followed by basketball. Some of Latvia’s most notable athletes include hockey player Sandis Ozoliņš, football player Māris Verpakovskis, olympic javelin thrower Jānis Lūsis, two-time Olympic BMX champion Maris Strombergs, and basketball player Kristaps Porziņģis. Association football was the most popular sport in Latvia during the first period of independence (1918–1940). The Latvian national team participated in the final stage of the 2004

neg: Sport in Latvia Sport in Latvia Sports in Latvia include association football, ice hockey, basketball, athletics, rugby, tennis, cycling, and others. Association hockey is historically the most popular of the Latvian sports and is closely followed by basketball. Some of Latvia’s most notable athletes include hockey player Sandis Ozoliņš, football player Māris Verpakovskis, olympic javelin thrower Jānis Lūsis, two-time Olympic BMX champion Maris Strombergs, and basketball player Kristaps Porziņģis. Association football was the most popular sport in Latvia during the first period of independence (1918–1940). The Latvian national team participated in the final stage of the 2004 European Football Championship. The leading scorer

neg: Sport in Latvia the all-time top scorer among those Soviet ice hockey forwards who played for the national team but had never been awarded the Olympic gold medal. Goaltenders Vitālijs Samoilovs and Artūrs Irbe also starred for the Soviet team in the 1980s, Irbe was the best goaltender of the 1990 Ice Hockey World Championship. Samoilovs was the backup goaltender on the gold-medal winning Soviet team at the 1988 Winter Olympic Games. The best season for Dinamo Rīga came in 1987/1988, the first season when the Soviet Elite League instituted an NHL-style playoff system. Dinamo Rīga finished third in the regular season and

neg: Li Yan (speed skater) hard and could withstand extremely cold temperatures. "She would cry but she would finish all of her exercises." In 1982, she finished second at a national youth speed skating competition. Li joined China's national short track speed skating team in 1987. In 1988, when short track speed skating first appeared at the Winter Olympics in Calgary as a demonstration sport, she competed and won the 1000m and finished third in the 500m and 1500m events. In 1992, after short skating sport became an official Olympic sport in Albertville, she won the silver medal in the 500m event, finishing 0.04 s

neg: Netball and the Olympic Movement community had not been able to access before, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), national Olympic committees and sports organisations, and state and federal governments. According to Dyer in 1982, exclusion of netball from the Summer Olympics is part of the historical pattern of the slow growth and gradual acceptance of women's sports. Women first competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics in only three sports: tennis, croquet and golf. Women's cycling was excluded for many years despite having world championships organised by 1958. Field hockey, a sport included for men as early as 1908, was not open to competition by

neg: India at the 2012 Summer Olympics and that Japan had deliberately lost that match in order to have a better draw in the next round. The Indian appeal was turned down by force. India at the 2012 Summer Olympics India competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The Indian Olympic Association sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games in Olympic history. A total of 83 athletes, 60 men and 23 women, competed in 13 sports. Men's field hockey was the only team-based sport in which India had its representation in these Olympic games. India also marked its

neg: Canada at the 2012 Summer Olympics swimming. The Canadian Olympic Committee selected a team of 281 athletes, 119 men and 153 women, to compete in all sports except handball and field hockey. The nation's team size was roughly smaller by 60 athletes from the previous games. Along with the nation's athletes, Canada also sent a team of 93 coaches and 137 members from the mission staff. For the second time in its Olympic history, Canada was represented by more female than male athletes. Athletics was the largest team by sport, with a total of 45 competitors. The Canadian team included several past Olympic champions, three of

neg: Women's ice hockey in Australia China and Romania; Group B includes Italy, Poland, Australia and Great Britain. Women's ice hockey in Australia In 1940, a study of 314 women in New Zealand and Australia was done. Most of the women in the study were middle class, conservative, Protestant and white. The study found that 183 participated in sport. The twenty-fourth most popular sport that these women participated in was ice hockey, with one woman having played the sport. The sport was tied with baseball and bowls. In 1983, the Australian Ice Hockey League dealt with the issue of Karen Sommerville trying to compete in a

neg: Savannah Graybill in 2017 at Königssee, where she finished 15th. Savannah Graybill Savannah Graybill (born 25 April 1988 in Denver, Pennsylvania) is an American skeleton racer who competes on the Skeleton World Cup circuit. She attended American University, from which she graduated in 2010 with a degree in Broadcast Journalism. When not competing, she works for a sporting-goods retailer in Plattsburgh, New York, near the United States Olympic Training Center in Lake Placid. Before skeleton, she tried out bobsledding, but did not compete in the sport; in high school and college, she played field hockey. Graybill began racing internationally in the 2010–11

neg: Savannah Graybill Savannah Graybill Savannah Graybill (born 25 April 1988 in Denver, Pennsylvania) is an American skeleton racer who competes on the Skeleton World Cup circuit. She attended American University, from which she graduated in 2010 with a degree in Broadcast Journalism. When not competing, she works for a sporting-goods retailer in Plattsburgh, New York, near the United States Olympic Training Center in Lake Placid. Before skeleton, she tried out bobsledding, but did not compete in the sport; in high school and college, she played field hockey. Graybill began racing internationally in the 2010–11 season, entering a single race on the lower-level

neg: CC Amfi in 2004. The arena was formerly known as Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre ( or ) until October 2015, when CC bought the naming rights for the arena. A new media cube was also installed as part of the deal. Adjacent to the Olympic venue lays Storhamar Ishall. Solely used for ice hockey, it opened in 1981 and has a capacity for 1,200. Since the opening of the Olympic venue, Storhamar Ishall has been used for training, and the two rinks share common dressing rooms and other facilities. The sport of ice hockey was taken up by Storhamar IL after the 1952

neg: Pete Leichnitz the RCAF to form Canada's Olympic ice hockey squad. Although Leichnitz traveled to St. Moritz as a member of Canada national hockey team, due to tournament rules that allowed teams to dress only twelve players, Leichnitz was a used as a reserve and did not get into game play during the 1948 Olympics. Nonetheless, Leichnitz was a member of the team that won Canada's first gold medal in Olympic hockey since 1932, and he was given an Olympic Gold Medal. In 2001 Pete Leichnitz was honoured by the Canadian Forces when it was announced that the 1948 RCAF Flyers were

neg: Netball and the Olympic Movement Netball and the Olympic Movement Netball is an Olympic recognised sport, a status attained in 1995 after a twenty-year period of lobbying. It has never been played at the Summer Olympics, but with recognition a formal requirement for inclusion is met. The absence at the Olympic Games was seen by the netball community as a hindrance to the global growth of the game, depriving it of media attention and funding. Inclusion is hampered, because it is mainly played by women, and mostly in Commonwealth countries. When the sport gained recognition, it opened up sources of funds that the global netball

neg: Sport in Zimbabwe of Harare. Bulawayo has approximately 1,000 hockey players and Harare 8,000. While the country had a tradition in the sport, with the women's team being gold medallist of the inaugural Olympic tournament in Moscow 1980, they struggled in recent times largely due to their inability to participate in international competitions organized by the African Hockey Federation (AfHF) and the International Hockey Federation (FIH), until the Khumalo Hockey Stadium was refurbished and played host to the 2011 African Olympic Qualifier. The Zimbabwe national football team, nicknamed "The Warriors", have qualified for the African Cup of Nations twice (in 2004 and 2006),

neg: Sport in Switzerland Sport in Switzerland In Switzerland, most of the people have a regular sport activity and one in four is an active member of a sports club. The most important all-embracing organisations for sports in Switzerland are the Federal Office of Sport, and the Swiss Olympic Committee (Swiss Olympic). Because of its varied landscape and climate, Switzerland offers a large variety of sports to its inhabitants and visitors. While winter sports are enjoyed throughout the country, football and ice hockey remain the most popular sports. Major sporting events in Switzerland include the Olympic Games, which were held two times in St.

neg: Sweat (Canadian TV series) gold medallist Sami Jo Small. Sweat (Canadian TV series) SWEAT is an OLN/TSN show hosted by Julie Zwillich that aired in 2003-2004. Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of "SWEAT" features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon, wakeboarding, snowboarding, telemark skiing and kiteboarding. Guest experts provide examples of the latest sport-specific gear, and techniques as well as provide nutrition and training tips for entry-level participation. Some of "SWEAT"s guest athletes include, Olympic beach volleyball bronze medallists John Child and Mark Heese, Canada’s young soccer superstar Kara Lang, snowboarding champion Alexa

neg: Judo at the Summer Olympics Judo at the Summer Olympics Judo was first included in the Summer Olympic Games at the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan. After not being included in 1968, judo has been an Olympic sport in each Olympiad since then. Only male judoka participated until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when women participated as a demonstration sport. Women judoka were first awarded medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Judoka compete in weight classes. Each country may qualify a maximum of one athlete per weight class. Gold and silver medals are awarded based on a single elimination bracket. Two bronze medals are awarded in

neg: Aïcha Garad Ali 1994. Outside of her teaching career, Garad Ali has captained and coached the Djibouti national handball team and became a technical advisor for Djibouti's Ministry of Youth and Sport. Garad Ali has been a member of several sports organizations and commissions. From 1987 to 1993, she was the vice president for the Djibouti Handball Federation. Subsequently, Garad Ali became the president for the Djibouti National Olympic Committee in 2005 with further reelections in 2013 and 2017. After her appointment to the International Olympic Committee in 2012, Garad Ali joined several IOC committees including Olympic Education and Women in Sport. Also

neg: Peter S. Gray Peter S. Gray Peter S. Gray (born November 24, 1957 in Paget, Bermuda) is an equestrian who has competed in two Olympic games, been chosen as a reserve in one games and acted as team coach in two more. In 1980, Gray became the first Bermudian rider to compete internationally when he participated in the alternate 1980 Olympic Games. Gray competed in three-day eventing for Bermuda in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Games. He did not finish in the 1984 Games and came in 31st in the 1988 Games. In 1995 he became a Canadian citizen. At the 1996 and

neg: Balbir Singh Sr. Balbir Singh Sr. Balbir Singh Dosanjh (born 10 October 1924) is a former hockey player from India. He is a three-time Olympic gold champion having played a key role in India's wins in London (1948), Helsinki (1952) (as Vice Captain), and Melbourne (1956) (as Captain) Olympics. He is regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time, a modern-day Dhyan Chand, a legend of the sport and is widely regarded as the sport's greatest ever centre-forward. His Olympic record for most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic men's hockey final remains unbeaten. Singh set this record

neg: Terrassa in the introduction of basketball. The most important sport in the city is field hockey. During the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992, Terrassa was the city where the field hockey competition was played. The great number of hockey players from Terrassa who have participated in the Olympic Games over the years has led to Terrassa's being referred to as the "most Olympic city in the world". Between 1928 and 2004, Terrassa sent 124 athletes to the Olympic Games, the majority of whom were hockey players. Three local field hockey clubs play in the main Spanish league championship: Atlètic Terrassa and