query: who was the first president of the senate

pos: President of the Senate U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789–1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has cast seven tie-breaking votes. In state governments of the United States, the presiding officer of the state senate (the upper house) is a matter decided by the state's constitution. Some states designate the lieutenant governor as president of the senate, while in other states, the Senate elects its own president. The Tennessee Senate elects a senator Speaker of the Senate, who is given the title

neg: President of the Senate with Senators ("Senatoren") being the holders of ministerial portfolios. In Danzig the President of the Senate ("Präsident des Senats") was an office equivalent to that of prime minister in other countries. The Senate of France elects a president from among its own number. The President of the French Senate stands first in line of succession in case of death or resignation of the President of the Republic, becoming acting president until a presidential election can be held. This most recently occurred with Alain Poher, who was senate president from 1968 to 1992 and who served as interim president on two

neg: President of the Senate Executive Board also serves as the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate for the 2015–16 period of sessions is Roberto Gil Zuarth, a National Action Party (PAN) senator for Chiapas. The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The President of the Senate is Dr. Bukola Saraki, who represents Kwara State for the APC. Peru had a bicameral Congress from 1829 until 1992. The President of the Senate was elected by the Senate members to preside over the sessions for one year. The first session of the

neg: President of the West Virginia Senate President of the West Virginia Senate The President of the West Virginia Senate is a member of the West Virginia Senate who has been elected to be its president by the other senators. The current Senate President is Mitch Carmichael, who has been in office since January 2017. In addition to serving as the Senate's presiding officer, the Senate President is also first in the line of succession to the office of Governor of West Virginia. As stated in Article 7, Section 16 of the West Virginia Constitution: "In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation,

neg: Say Chhum Say Chhum Say Chhum (born 5 February 1945) is a Cambodian politician who has been President of the Senate of Cambodia since 2015. He was First Vice-President of the Senate until June 2015, when he succeeded Chea Sim upon the latter's death. He served as Chairman of the Permanent Committee of the Central Committee of the Cambodian People's Party. He was elected to represent Kampong Speu Province in the National Assembly in 2003. He also served as Second Vice-President of the National Assembly. As First Vice-President of the Senate, Say Chhum served as acting Senate President when the ailing Chea

neg: Senate (Belgium) The presiding officer of the Senate, known as the President of the Senate, is elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The President of the Senate is assisted by three Vice-Presidents, who are also elected at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The President of the Senate is customarily a member of a majority party with a great deal of political experience, while the First Vice-President is a member of the other language group. The current President of the Belgian Senate is Christine Defraigne of the Mouvement Réformateur (MR). The President of the Senate presides over

neg: President of the Senate Chamber rank above the Prime Minister. The Senate of Belize elects both a president and a vice-president upon first convening after a general election. The person elected president may be a senator (provided he/she does not concurrently hold a ministerial position) or a person external to the Senate. The vice-president must be a member of the Senate who does not hold a ministerial portfolio. (Constitution, section 66.) The President is Andrea Gill, with Juliet Thimbriel as Vice-President. The President of Brazil's Federal Senate is Eunício Oliveira. The President of the Federal Senate is the third in order to succeed the

neg: President of the Senate the Vice-President of the Republic, currently Gabriela Michetti. This was a recent expansion of the Vice-President's powers introduced as part of the 1994 constitutional amendments (Constitution, Art. 57). The Vice-President may only cast a vote to break a tied Senate vote. The President of the Australian Senate is a senator, traditionally a member of the governing party or coalition, elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliament as the first item of business. They are assisted by a Deputy President who is traditionally a member of the largest opposition party. The current president is Scott Ryan, a Liberal

neg: 1st Oklahoma Legislature Henry S. Johnston, who had served as the presiding officer of the state constitutional convention, was elected to serve as the first President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate. Next: 2nd Legislature With the Democratic caucus controlling the Oklahoma Senate, Henry S. Johnston of Perry, Oklahoma, was selected to serve as the first President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate. Johnston had served as the presiding officer of the state constitutional convention. Lieutenant Governor George W. Bellamy served as the President of the Senate, which gave him a tie-breaking vote and allowed him to serve as a presiding officer. After

neg: Edna Madzongwe Edna Madzongwe Edna Madzongwe (born 11 July 1943) is a Zimbabwean politician who is currently the President of the Senate of the Republic of Zimbabwe. She was elected as President of the Senate on 30 November 2005, the first female to hold this position. In the March 2008 parliamentary election, she was re-elected to the Senate from Chegutu constituency, receiving 23,032 votes against 14,275 for Violet Paneairi Mokoesti of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-Tsvangirai). Following this election, in which ZANU-PF won control of the Senate but not the House of Assembly, Madzongwe was re-elected as President of the Senate

neg: President of the Louisiana State Senate and allowed the president of the state senate to succeed the governor. The first senate president to succeed to the governorship was Henry S. Thibodaux, who succeeded to the position in 1824 after the resignation of Governor Thomas B. Robertson. In 1829, Governor Pierre Derbigny died in a carriage accident, allowing for Armand Beauvais to become acting governor. Beauvais resigned after only three months in 1830 to run in the special election to fill the post. The new senate president, Jacques Dupré, became the new acting governor until he resigned in 1831 and was replaced by governor-elect André B. Roman.

neg: Parliament of the Bahamas unanimously elected to a second term as President of the Senate, marking the first time a woman won re-election to head that legislative body. She previously served as President of the Senate from 2002 to 2007, and succeeded Lynn Holowesko, who served as President of the Senate from 2007 to 2012. K. Forbes Smith was elected the new President of the Senate on May 24, 2017. Parliament is empowered by Article 52(1) of the Constitution to make laws for the peace, order and good government of The Bahamas. The Constitution also empowers Parliament to: Parliament also maintains oversight of the

neg: 2007 Mauritanian Senate election 41 votes in favor and 11 against. Néma Senator Hamma Ould Cheikh Saad Bouh was elected as First Vice-President, Rosso Senator Mohamed El Hacen Ould El Hadj was elected as Second Vice-President, and Tevragh Zeina Senator Rivaa Mint Ahmed Nalla was elected as Third Vice-President. 2007 Mauritanian Senate election Senatorial elections were held in Mauritania on 21 January 2007 and on 4 February 2007. There are 56 seats in the Senate. The senators were elected by 3,688 municipal councillors, except for three (who represent the Mauritanian diaspora) who were chosen by the elected senators. The period for the deposit of

neg: Thomas Cushing Massachusetts Senate the 1780 election. As several districts failed to elect senators and several others refused to serve, there were only nineteen senators sworn in for the first Senate session of 1780. On October 25, 1780, of the nineteen senators who had been sworn in, fourteen voted for Cushing, and Cushing was elected the first President of the Massachusetts Senate. Cushing resigned as President of the Massachusetts Senate on November 4, 1780 in order to become the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. Cushing stood for election as lieutenant governor in the 1780 election. The vote was indecisive (no candidate received a

neg: President of the Senate elected as the first item of business at the start of every legislative session. While the Speaker of the Senate of Canada, who serves as the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada, is not described as a "president" in English, the position is called "Président du Sénat" in French. He is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. The President of the Senate of Chile is elected from among the country's senators. The holder of the position, since March 2010, is Jorge Pizarro. The President of the Senate – Ernesto Macías Tovar for the

neg: Crin Antonescu Crin Antonescu George Crin Laurențiu Antonescu (; born 21 September 1959) is a Romanian politician, who was President of the National Liberal Party (PNL) from 2009 to 2014. He also served as the country Acting President after the suspension of Traian Basescu and as the President Of Senate . He is a member of the Senate. He was first elected to the Senate in the 2008 legislative election. From 1996 to 2008, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies, acting as leader of the party delegates between 2007 and 2008. On 3 July 2012 he was elected President

neg: David Brearley president, whose only role was to succeed the president and preside over the senate. This also transferred important powers from the Senate to the president, who was given the power (which had been given to the senate by Rutledge's committee) to make treaties and appoint ambassadors. After signing the Constitution in 1787, he headed up the New Jersey committee that approved the Constitution. In 1789, he was a Presidential elector and on September 25, 1789, he was nominated by President George Washington to be the first federal district judge for the United States District Court for the District of New

neg: Secretary of the United States Senate occurrence was on 28 June 2010, after Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, who had been serving as President Pro Tempore died, and Vice President Joseph Biden was absent. On that occasion, Secretary of the Senate Nancy Erickson took the chair briefly until the Senate adopted a resolution to elect Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii as the new President Pro Tempore. The first secretary took the minutes of Senate proceedings, a function continued today by the journal clerk. After the Congressional Record evolved into an official publication, the secretary came to supervise the Senate's reporters of debates and preparation of

neg: Senate of the Republic (Turkey) Republic, or Senate for short. The name Grand National Assembly of Turkey () referred to the entire parliament including both houses. However, the activities of the both houses of the parliament were suspended after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. Under the 1982 constitution, the Senate was abolished. The Senate was composed of 150 elected members and 15 members appointed by the president. There were also senators known as "natural members", who were the former presidents (including the president of Hatay Republic) and the 22 members of the 1960 coup d'état committee members (). In the first year, the Senate was

neg: Louisiana State Senate The first senate president to succeed to the governorship was Henry S. Thibodaux, who succeeded to the position in 1824 after the resignation of Governor Thomas B. Robertson. Thibodaux served for one month before the Governor-elect, Henry Johnson, took office. In 1829 Governor Pierre Derbigny died in a carriage accident, allowing for Senate President Armand Beauvais to become acting governor. Beauvais resigned after only three months in 1830 to run in the special election to fill the post. The new senate president, Jacques Dupré, became the new acting Governor until he resigned in 1831 and was replaced by governor-elect André

neg: José Pampuro Pampuro his first Defense Minister. Pampuro was elected to the Senate on the Front for Victory slate alongside Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in the 2005 mid-term elections, in which the center-left Front for Victory did well. He was elected Provisional President of the Senate on February 22, 2006, putting him second in line to the presidency, and twice as President of the Mercosur Parliament (during the first half of 2008 and the first half of 2010). Pampuro retired from the Senate in 2011 with the distinction of being the first man in Argentina to twice be succeeded by women who

neg: Maurice A. Donahue Maurice A. Donahue Maurice A. Donahue (September 21, 1918 – January 13, 1999) is an American politician who served as President of the Massachusetts Senate from 1964 to 1971. Donahue was first elected to the Massachusetts Senate in 1950 after spending two years in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He became the Senate Majority Leader in 1958 and was elected Senate President in 1964. In 1970 he ran for Governor of Massachusetts, but lost the Democratic nomination to Boston Mayor Kevin H. White. He resigned from the Senate in 1971 to become Professor of Political Science and Director of the

neg: University of Central Florida Student Government forty-two times, the first being in April 1970, and the last being in April 2011. An amendment may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of the senate, or a petition with fifteen percent of the number of votes cast for president in the previous election. Amendments must be reviewed and approved by the university president. Legislative authority is vested in a Student Senate. The Senate consists of sixty-elected senators, one for each 1,000 students as required by statute. The Senate is led by a Speaker of the Senate, who is elected at the beginning of each term. A Senate President

neg: Koko Pimentel Koko Pimentel Aquilino Martin de la Llana Pimentel III, commonly known as Koko Pimentel, is a Filipino politician who is the 28th Senate President of the Philippines from 2016 to 2018. He is also the current president of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban). As the eldest son and third child of the former Senate President Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., he is the first child of a previous senate president to hold the post. He was sworn–in on August 11, 2011 and proclaimed as the 12th winning senator in the 2007 election. Aquilino Martin de la Llana Pimentel III was

neg: Say Chhum Sim was absent. Shortly after Chea Sim's death, Say Chhum was unanimously elected as President of the Senate on 9 June 2015 by the 51 senators present. His son, Say Sam Al, was appointed Minister of the Environment in 2013. Say Chhum Say Chhum (born 5 February 1945) is a Cambodian politician who has been President of the Senate of Cambodia since 2015. He was First Vice-President of the Senate until June 2015, when he succeeded Chea Sim upon the latter's death. He served as Chairman of the Permanent Committee of the Central Committee of the Cambodian People's Party. He

neg: Franklin Drilon removed the next month through a Senate revamp and Aquilino Pimentel Jr. was installed as Senate President (Drilon would also be succeeded by his son Aquilino Pimentel III as Senate President in 2016). On December 2000, an impeachment case was filed against President Estrada in the Senate. During the January 13, 2001 session of the impeachment proceedings, he was one of those who voted in favor of the opening of a mysterious second bank envelope. Their vote was outnumbered and Drilon was remembered as the Senator who cried in front of Senate President Pimentel together with Senator Loren Legarda, as

neg: Henry S. Johnston the United States Congress accepted the Oklahoma Constitution. On the same day, Charles N. Haskell was inaugurated as the state's first governor. Before the state constitution was approved, Johnston ran and was elected to the Oklahoma Senate to serve in the 1st Oklahoma Legislature. A popular figure, Johnston was selected to serve as the first President Pro Tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, the state senate's highest official behind the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma, who serves as President of the Oklahoma Senate. Among his most powerful supporters were prohibitionists, Protestant churchmen, and Freemasons. Johnston himself would serve as the Grand Master

neg: North Carolina Senate Governor was created in 1868, the Senate was presided over by a "Speaker." After the 1988 election of James Carson Gardner, the first Republican Lt. Governor since Reconstruction, Democrats in control of the Senate shifted most of the power held by the Lt. Governor to the senator who is elected President Pro Tempore (or Pro-Tem). The President Pro Tempore appoints members to standing committees of the Senate, and holds great sway over bills. According to the state constitution, the Senate is also the "Court for the Trial of Impeachments". The House of Representatives has the power to impeach state officials,

neg: President of the Senate as President until a new president is elected). The Senate of South Africa was the upper house of Parliament between 1910 and 1981, and between 1994 and 1997. During both periods, the Senate was led by a President. The Senate of Ceylon was the upper house of Parliament between 1947 and 1971. During this periods, the Senate was led by a President. The President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, who is generally elected from the government benches, chairs debates in the chamber and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution, section 27).

neg: 1790 State of the Union Address was given in New York City in the Senate Chamber of Federal Hall. It was the first annual address given by a president of the United States of America. As the first State of the Union Address President Washington created the example of what would become expected of presidents long after him. Everything from his choice of clothing, who was standing beside him, to the way he gave his message was criticized. “According to Sen. William Maclay’s account “The President was dressed in second morning, and read his speech well. The senate headed by their president were on his right

neg: President of the Massachusetts Senate President of the Massachusetts Senate The President of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer. In the United States Congress, the Vice President of the United States is the "ex officio" President of the United States Senate. In Massachusetts, however, the President of the Senate is elected from and by the Senators. The President, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the President is then the "de facto" leader of that party. The most recent President of the Massachusetts Senate was Harriette Chandler, a Democrat who served as acting President following Stan Rosenberg's decision in December 2017 to temporarily

neg: 1996 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election 1996 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election An election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 18 December 1996. Petr Pithart was elected the first President of the Senate. Pithart was a candidate of the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-CSL), and his election was opposed primarily by the Civic Democratic Party. The first election of Senate was held in November 1996. The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) emerged as the strongest party with the Social Democrats second. The first meeting was held on 18 December 1996 to elect

neg: West Virginia Senate own president from its membership. Mitch Carmichael is currently the President of the West Virginia Senate. While the West Virginia Constitution does not create or even mention the title of lieutenant governor, West Virginia Code 6A-1-4 creates this designation for the Senate President, who stands first in the line of succession to the office of governor. As stated in Article 7 Section 16 of the constitution: "In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation, or other disability of the governor, the president of the Senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled, or the

neg: President of the Senate (Italy) the President can be elected by a simple majority of the voting members (i.e. excluding abstentions). In the event that the Senate still fails to elect a President, it holds a run-off vote between the two candidates who received the most votes in the preceding round of voting and award the presidency to whoever receives a plurality of the votes. In the event that votes for the two candidates are tied, the position is given to whichever candidate is older. The election of the President of the Senate takes place at the first sitting of the Senate after an election,

neg: Senate of Zimbabwe 66 members. 50 members (5 from each province) were directly elected in single-member constituencies using the First-past-the-post system. The President appointed 6 additional members and the remaining 10 seats were held by traditional chiefs who were chosen in separate elections. Twenty-one women (20 elected and 1 appointed) occupy seats in the Senate. Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment No. 18 of 2007 provided for the expansion of the Senate to 93 seats: six Senators from each province directly elected by voters registered in the 60 Senate constituencies; the 10 Provincial Governors appointed by the President; the president and deputy president of Council

neg: President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate would have served as the acting governor except for the one month of July, 2007. Following the 2008 elections, the Republicans won control of the Senate for the first time in state history, with 26 Republicans and 22 Democrats. They selected Glenn Coffee to serve as the first full President "pro tempore" who served from 2009-2011 when he was term-limited out and was selected to serve as Secretary of State in Governor Mary Fallin's administration. Brian Bingman served as President "pro tempore" from 2011 to 2017, and was succeeded by the current President Pro Tempore, Mike Schulz in 2017. The

neg: Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule I Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule I Rule I of the Standing Rules of the United States Senate, established by the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, governs the subject of the appointment of a Senator to the chair. Paragraph 1 addresses the absence of the Vice President of the United States, who is under the United States Constitution the President of the Senate. The paragraph provides that the Senate shall choose a President pro tempore who will hold the office of President of the Senate should the Vice President be absent (the Vice President usually only presides

neg: District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands Mariana Islands. The first District Judge appointed was Alfred Laureta, who served from 1978 until 1988. His successor, Alex R. Munson, was nominated by President Ronald Reagan, and confirmed by the Senate in 1988. Munson was nominated for a second ten-year term by President Bill Clinton and was confirmed by the Senate in 1998. He took senior status effective February 28, 2010. On January 26, 2011, President Obama nominated Ramona Villagomez Manglona to be Judge for the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands for a term of ten years. The U.S. Senate confirmed her nomination by voice vote on

neg: Edith Brown Clement President George W. Bush to fill a seat vacated by Judge John Malcolm Duhé Jr., who had assumed Senior status. President Bill Clinton in 1999 had nominated Louisiana lawyer H. Alston Johnson III to the seat on the Fifth Circuit created by Duhé's vacancy, but the United States Senate never held a hearing or took a vote on Johnson's nomination. Clement was confirmed by the Senate on November 13, 2001 by a vote of 99–0, and received her commission on November 26, 2001. She was the first judge Bush appointed to the Fifth Circuit who was confirmed by the Senate.

neg: John A. Rose John A. Rose John Alex "Eck" Rose (born June 1, 1940) is a former Kentucky politician, who served in the Kentucky State Senate from Winchester representing the 28th Senate District. Rose was the last President Pro Tempore of the Kentucky Senate when the office was the Senate's highest after the Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, before a 1992 constitutional amendment removed the Lieutenant Governor as the Senate's presiding officer and created the office of President of the Kentucky Senate. In 1993 Rose became the first to hold that office, and he remained in that position until 1997. Rose ran for Governor

neg: Lieutenant Governor of Florida the office of President of the Senate was given to an elected member of the Senate, who also served as first in line of succession to the governor. The state constitution was again revised in 1968, and the office of lieutenant governor was recreated. In the modern period, the lieutenant governor is elected directly along with the governor as his or her running mate. The lieutenant governor would serve as first in the line of succession, though the office of President of the Senate would remain with an elected senator. The lieutenant governor has a few prescribed duties, and otherwise

neg: Arizona Senate president in many states. As a result, the Senate elects its own presiding officer, the President of the Senate, who presides over the body, appoints members to all of the Senate's committees and to joint committees, and may create other committees and subcommittees if desired. The Senate President also appoints a President pro tempore, who serves for the duration of a session of the legislature, to preside in his absence, and may appoint a temporary President pro tempore in the absence of the President and President pro tempore. The current President of the Senate is Republican Steve Yarbrough of District

neg: John Schiffer He was appointed to the Wyoming Environmental Quality Council by Governor Mike Sullivan and served as chairman for several years. He served on the Board of the First Northern Bank in Buffalo, Wyoming. He was a board member of the Wyoming chapter of the Nature Conservancy from 1996 through 2010. Schiffer was appointed to the Wyoming Senate by the Johnson and Sheridan County Commissioners in 1993 to replace State Senator Bob Trent, who relocated out of state. He served in several leadership positions, including Senate Vice President (2003-2004), Senate Majority Floor Leader (2005-2006), and President of the Senate (2007-2008). He

neg: Edna Madzongwe trade bloc. However, the Tribunal has not been ratified and as such does not hold precedence over Zimbabwean law. This is the deadlock that the two parties were engaged in. Following the July 2013 parliamentary election, in which ZANU-PF won a large majority, Madzongwe was re-elected as President of the Senate on 3 September 2013. Family Edna Madzongwe Edna Madzongwe (born 11 July 1943) is a Zimbabwean politician who is currently the President of the Senate of the Republic of Zimbabwe. She was elected as President of the Senate on 30 November 2005, the first female to hold this position.

neg: Senate of the Philippines are the Senate President, Senate President "pro tempore", Majority Floor Leader, Minority Floor Leader and the Senate Secretary and the Senate Sergeant at Arms who shall be elected by the Senators from among the employees and staff of the Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate President, Senate President pro-tempore, the Majority Floor Leader and the Minority Floor Leader shall be elected by the Senators from among themselves. Article VI, Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the Senate shall be composed of 24 senators who shall be elected at-large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided

neg: President of the West Virginia Senate Virginia Code chapter 6A, section 1-4(b), which says "the president of the Senate shall be additionally designated the title of lieutenant governor". Earl Ray Tomblin was the first Senate president to thus have the title Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia. The Presidents of the West Virginia Senate since 1863: "#Concurrently served as Acting Governor of West Virginia from November 15, 2010, until inaugurated as Governor on November 13, 2011. During this time, the West Virginia Senate named Jeffrey V. Kessler as Acting President of the Senate." President of the West Virginia Senate The President of the West Virginia Senate is

neg: President's Room great plans for this room when he became President in 1913. The first Democratic President in sixteen years, he intended to use the President's Room as a working office to confer with congressional Democrats, who controlled both houses for the first time in eighteen years. At first, Wilson was a frequent caller, but he visited the Capitol less often as support for his legislative agenda faltered and his relations with Congress deteriorated. Republicans, who regained the Senate majority in 1918 resented Wilson's failure to confer with the Senate before negotiating the treaty ending World War I, as did many members

neg: Senate of Bermuda — the constitution requires a 2/3 super-majority (i.e., 8 votes) for a constitutional amendment, requiring the support of both the government and opposition appointees. The presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate. Carol Bassett, who has been a Senator since 2003, was elected President in 2008, the first woman elected to the office. She resigned the office in August 2017. The members of the Senate appointed in August 2017 were: The three Independents were: Government/PLP nominees: Opposition/OBA nominees were: Bermuda's Parliament was created in 1620, and originally had one house, the House of Assembly. Political parties

neg: John Tower former Senate colleague, the Senate rejected his nomination. The largest factors were concern about possible conflicts of interest and Tower's personal life, in particular allegations of alcohol abuse and womanizing. The Senate vote was 47–53, and it marked the first time that the Senate had rejected a Cabinet nominee of a newly elected president. As "The New York Times" reported in his obituary, "Mr. Tower's repudiation by his former colleagues, who rejected him as President Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense after public allegations of womanizing and heavy drinking, left a bitterness that could not be assuaged. In the normally

neg: President of the Senate of the Philippines the 17th Congress of the Philippines is Tito Sotto, who was elected on May 21, 2018. The Senate President is elected by the majority of the members of the Senate from among themselves; Since there are 24 Senators, 13 votes are needed to win the Senate Presidency, including any vacant seats or senators not attending the session. Although Senate presidents are elected at the start of each Congress, there had been numerous instances of Senate coups in which a sitting Senate President is unseated in the middle of session. Term-sharing agreements among senators who are both eyeing the position of

neg: Governor of Kentucky created the office of President of the Kentucky Senate, chosen from among the state senators, who presides over the Senate. The amendment also modified the chain of succession again—it is now as follows: If the office devolves upon the Attorney General or State Auditor, that individual is required to call the Senate into session to elect a president, who would subsequently become governor. The first instance of gubernatorial succession in Kentucky's history occurred upon the death of Governor George Madison in 1816. Madison was extremely popular as a twice-wounded war hero. He died of tuberculosis just three weeks into his

neg: 1st Senate of Puerto Rico 1st Senate of Puerto Rico The First Puerto Rican Senate was the first meeting of senators of the Senate of Puerto Rico elected as part of the legislative branch of their government. Elections for the Senate of Puerto Rico were authorized by passage of the Jones-Shafroth Act in 1917. It authorized elections to be held on July 6, 1917 for representative government in the legislature. The Senate met from August 13, 1917, to January 2, 1920. The voters elected a majority of members from the Union of Puerto Rico party, who chose Antonio R. Barceló as President of the Senate.

neg: 1st Senate of Puerto Rico 1st Senate of Puerto Rico The First Puerto Rican Senate was the first meeting of senators of the Senate of Puerto Rico elected as part of the legislative branch of their government. Elections for the Senate of Puerto Rico were authorized by passage of the Jones-Shafroth Act in 1917. It authorized elections to be held on July 6, 1917 for representative government in the legislature. The Senate met from August 13, 1917, to January 2, 1920. The voters elected a majority of members from the Union of Puerto Rico party, who chose Antonio R. Barceló as President of the Senate.

neg: Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign the nomination, much less the general election, due to what was perceived as his lack of likability. Cruz, a freshman senator running for the presidency in his first term, faced comparisons to President Barack Obama who similarly ran for the presidency during his first term in the U.S. Senate. Cruz dispelled similarities by calling the president a "backbencher" who did not take positions on "whole lot of issues of consequence" during his tenure in the senate, which he argued could not be applied to him, in effect spending the first few days of his presidential campaign trying to distance himself

neg: President of the Senate of Romania President of the Senate of Romania The President of the Senate of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings. The president of the Senate is also the president of the Standing Bureau of the Senate, and the first person in the presidential line of succession. The President of the Senate is elected by secret ballot with the majority of votes from the Senators. If none of the candidates obtains the necessary votes, the first two compete again, and the one with most of the votes wins. Between 3 July 1864 and 1 June 1866 the Upper

neg: President of the Senate of Romania given by: President of the Senate of Romania The President of the Senate of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings. The president of the Senate is also the president of the Standing Bureau of the Senate, and the first person in the presidential line of succession. The President of the Senate is elected by secret ballot with the majority of votes from the Senators. If none of the candidates obtains the necessary votes, the first two compete again, and the one with most of the votes wins. Between 3 July 1864 and 1 June 1866

neg: 2004 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election 2004 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election Election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 15 December 2004. Přemysl Sobotka defeated Josef Jařab and became the new President of the Senate. The incumbent President Petr Pithart didn't run. After 2004 Senate election the Civic Democratic Party became the largest Senate party. It had 35 seats of 81. Petr Pithart who was a member of Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party decided to not seek reelection. Civic Democrats nominated Přemysl Sobotka. Caucus for Open Democracyk decided to nominate Josef Jařab

neg: Senate (Cameroon) 10,636 members of the 360 municipal councils. Elections to the Senate were held for the first time on 14 April 2013. Marcel Niat Njifenji was elected as President of the Senate on 12 June 2013. The President of the Senate is the constitutionally designated successor to the President of the Republic in case of a vacancy in the latter office. The Senate consists of 70 members directly elected by their regions and 30 nominated by the president of Cameroon. Senate (Cameroon) The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of Cameroon. The Senate was created in 1996 after an

neg: 2008 Republic of the Congo Senate election presented and approved. André Obami Itou was re-elected as President of the Senate, Benjamin Bounkoulou was re-elected as First Vice-President, and Vincent Ganga was elected to the previously vacant post of Second Vice-President. Philomène Fouti Soungou was elected as First Secretary and Dominique Lekoyi was elected as Second Secretary. 2008 Republic of the Congo Senate election An indirect Senate election was held in the Republic of the Congo on 5 August 2008. 42 of the 72 seats in the Senate were at stake in this election, with six elected from each of seven departments. The Senate was expanded by six

neg: 1934 United States Senate elections 1934 United States Senate elections The United States Senate elections of 1934 occurred in the middle of Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. In the middle of the Great Depression, voters strongly backed Roosevelt's New Deal and his allies in the Senate. The Democrats picked up a net of nine seats, giving them a supermajority (which required 64 seats, two-thirds of the total 96 seats in 1934). President Harry S. Truman was first elected to the U.S. Senate in the 1934 election. Truman would serve over a decade in the U.S. Senate, before becoming President Roosevelt's third Vice President

neg: President of the Senate of South Africa President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a "referee", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs.

neg: Government of Kenya to the Senate and if at least two-thirds of all the members of the Senate vote to uphold any impeachment charge, the President shall cease to hold office. The Deputy President is the second-highest executive office in the republic. The position before the 2013 general election was known as the Vice-President of Kenya. There have been 11 deputy presidents since independence. The incumbent is William Ruto who as Uhuru Kenyatta is part of the Jubilee Alliance. The first person to hold the position was Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. The 8th person to hold the office, Michael Kijana Wamalwa was the first

neg: Colorado Senate governor served as Senate President until 1974 when Article V, Section 10 of the state constitution was amended, granting the Colorado Senate the right to elect one of its own members as President. Fred Anderson was the first state senate president elected after the amendment. Ruth Stockton was the first woman to become Senate's president pro tempore, serving from 1979 to 1980. The Colorado Senate has 35 members, elected to four-year terms. State senators are term-limited to two consecutive terms. Term-limited former members can run again after a four-year break. Vacancies in legislative offices are generally filled by political party

neg: Enos K. Sawyer On February 28, 1911 Sawyer married Mabel E. White of Somerville, Massachusetts, who was a teacher in the Franklin schools. In 1912 Sawyer was elected to the New Hampshire Senate from District 6. In 1913 Sawyer was chosen as the President of the New Hampshire Senate, Sawyer was the first Democrat elected as Senate President since 1876 and he was the last Democrat elected until 1999. In 1918 Sawyer was appointed the Director of the United States Employment Service in New Hampshire and Vermont. Sawyer died in Franklin, New Hampshire in 1933. Enos K. Sawyer Enos Kittredge Sawyer (August 24,

neg: Ashbel A. Dean retiring because of ill health in 1895. In 1894 he was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives. In 1896 he was elected to the Vermont Senate, where he served until his death. In his first term he was selected to serve as President of the Senate. Dr. Dean died in Bristol on July 5, 1899. He is buried in Bristol's Greenwood Cemetery. Ashbel A. Dean Ashbel A. Dean (February 6, 1857 – July 5, 1899) was a Vermont physician and politician who served as President of the Vermont State Senate. Ashbel Azra Dean was born in Monkton, Vermont on

neg: Susan Wagle was sworn in as the 47th Senate President of Kansas. Wagle was reelected as senate president in 2016, defeating Sen. Ty Masterson by a vote of 23–7. She is one of four senate presidents in Kansas' history to serve a second term. A cancer survivor, Wagle is the first female president of the Kansas Senate and the first senate president from Wichita. 2001-2004 Chair of Public Health & Welfare 2005-2008 Chair of Healthcare Strategies 2010 Chair of Business & Labor Vice Chair of Local Government 2011 Chair of Commerce Vice Chair of Joint Committee on Economic Development 2013-2016 Vice Chair

neg: Benjamin Bounkoulou Benjamin Bounkoulou Benjamin Bounkoulou (born 25 September 1942) is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 to 1995 under President Pascal Lissouba. He has been President of the Union for the Republic (UR), a political party, since 1995. Bounkoulou was Second Vice-President of the National Transitional Council from 1998 to 2002 and First Vice-President of the Senate from 2002 to 2011. After failing to win re-election to the Senate in 2011, he was instead elected to the National Assembly in 2012 and served as President of the National Assembly's Foreign

neg: 2018 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election 2018 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election Election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 14 November 2018. It was held after 2018 Senate election. Civic Democratic Party nominated Jaroslav Kubera, Mayors and Independents nominated Jan Horník and Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party nominated Václav Hampl. Incumbent President Milan Štěch doesn't seek reelection. It was the first time in the history of the Senate that more than 2 candidates run for the position. Senate factions usually came to an agreement about the new President in the past. Jaroslav

neg: Francis Cockrell Missouri. In 1874, Cockrell, who became a member of the United States Democratic Party, was elected to the U.S. Senate from Missouri by the state legislature. His first and only elected office, he served in the Senate from 1875 to 1905, when he retired. He held several committee chairmanships, including the chairmanships of the Claims Committee, Engrossed Bills Committee and Appropriations Committee during his senate career. He received 42 votes for President of the United States at the 1904 Democratic National Convention, but was defeated by Alton B. Parker. He was appointed to the Interstate Commerce Commission by President Theodore

neg: President of the Senate President of the Senate The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate, and is the speaker of other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for example, the President of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line for succession to the presidency, after only the Vice President of the Federal Republic, while in France, which has no vice president, the Senate President is first in line to succeed to the Presidential powers and duties. The Argentine Senate is presided over by

neg: President of the Rhode Island Senate President of the Rhode Island Senate President of the Rhode Island Senate is the presiding officer of the Rhode Island Senate. Unlike most other states, the Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island does not preside of the state senate. Instead, the lieutenant governor has roles in "emergency preparedness and homeland security". The role of president was established in 2003. Rhode Island Constitution provides that the lieutenant governor would no longer preside over the Senate in 2003, and power would be transferred to a president elected by senators . The first elected president is Joseph A. Montalbano, a Democrat from North Providence.

neg: Pennsylvania State Senate would be the same person. The Pennsylvania Senate has been meeting since 1791. The President of the Senate is the Lieutenant Governor, who has no vote except in the event of an otherwise tie vote. Following the 2016 elections, the Senate consisted of 34 Republicans and 16 Democrats. Following the June 4, 2018, resignation of one Republican member, the Senate consisted of 33 Republicans and 16 Democrats with one vacant seat. President of the Senate: Mike Stack (D) President Pro Tem of the Senate: Joe Scarnati (R) The Senate is made up of 50 members who are elected by district.

neg: Louisiana State Senate became a reality; a Republican governor was in office. David Treen was elected in 1979, and with him came more Republican legislators, although only an enlarged minority, and in 2000, although still in the minority, Republican John Hainkel was appointed by Republican Governor Murphy J. Foster, Jr. to be senate president, the first Republican in over a century. In 2011 the Republicans obtained a majority in the senate, a Republican John Alario was appointed senate president by Republican Governor Bobby Jindal. The President of the Senate serves as the presiding officer and head of the Senate. The President gives the

neg: Priscilla Owen a vacancy on the Fifth Circuit created by Judge William Lockhart Garwood, who had taken senior status on January 23, 1997. Senate Democrats immediately decided to block her nomination for two reasons. First, the Democrats were angry that two previous nominees that President Clinton had nominated to Garwood's empty seat, Jorge Rangel and Enrique Moreno, were never given hearings by the United States Senate during Clinton's second term because the Senate was at the time controlled by Republicans. Second, they considered her to be too conservative. As a result, the Senate Democrats, who controlled the Senate Judiciary Committee during the

neg: Bernard Makuza Makuza was instead appointed to the Senate. In the Senate, Makuza served as Vice-President for Legislation and Government Oversight. He was subsequently elected as President of the Senate, with 25 out of 26 votes in favor and no opposing candidate, and sworn in on 14 October 2014. Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1961) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He has served as President of the Senate of Rwanda since 14 October 2014. Makuza's father was Anastase Makuza, who served as a minister during Grégoire Kayibanda's

neg: Aquilino Pimentel Jr. was removed as Senate President the next month through a Senate revamp and Pimentel was installed as Senate President. In December 2000, an impeachment case was filed on the Senate. On January 16, 2001, Pimentel was one of those who voted in favor of the opening of the second bank envelope. Their vote was outnumbered and some of the opposition senators cried in front of Senate President Pimentel. Joseph Estrada was ousted in January by the second EDSA People Power Revolution. Pimentel occupied the Senate presidency until the end of the regular session in June 2001. As he explained his

neg: Party leadership of the United States Senate of the Senate itself are the Vice President of the United States, who serves as President of the Senate, and the President pro tempore, the seniormost member of the majority, who theoretically presides in the absence of the Vice President. Unlike committee chairmanships, leadership positions are not traditionally conferred on the basis of seniority, but are elected in closed-door caucuses. <onlyinclude>Since January 3, 2015, the Republican Party has constituted a majority in the United States Senate.</onlyinclude> Since January 3, 2015, the Democratic Party has constituted a minority in the United States Senate. Party leadership of the United States Senate The

neg: Majority Leader of the New York State Senate Majority Leader of the New York State Senate The Majority Leader of the New York State Senate is elected by the majority of the members of the New York State Senate. The position usually coincides with the title of Temporary President of the State Senate, who presides over the session of the State Senate if the Lieutenant Governor of New York (who is ex officio President of the State Senate) is absent. The Temporary President of the State Senate becomes Acting Lieutenant Governor for the remainder of the unexpired term in case of a vacancy in the office of lieutenant

neg: 1996 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election Pithart needed 41 votes to be elected, but received only 39 votes in the first round. This triggered a debate over whether a second round should be held in the case of only one candidate, and it was decided to hold the second round. Pithart was narrowly elected with 41 votes. Pithart became the first President of the senate. He stayed in the position until 1998 when he was replaced by Libuše Benešová. 1996 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election An election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 18 December

neg: Vincenzo Fardella di Torrearsa after the capture of Rome, he was elected president of the Senate of Italy, the first in Palazzo Madama, until to 1874. Vincenzo Fardella di Torrearsa Vincenzo Fardella di Torrearsa (16 July 1808 – 12 January 1889) was an Italian statesman who become President of the Senate after Italian unification. Born in Trapani, was Count and Marquis of Torrearsa. He was a protagonist of the Italian "Risorgimento". In Sicilian revolution of 1848 was president of Sicilian Parliament. Fardella was then in exile in Turin, London and Nice. In 1860 following the expedition of Giuseppe Garibaldi's "Mille" was minister in the

neg: Johannes Hendricus Meiring Beck on a trek to visit Robertson. He was also close friends with Louis Botha, who would become the first Prime Minister of South Africa. After the Union of South Africa was established, Beck became a member of the Senate for the South African Party. He contested the race for the President of the Senate with Francis William Reitz (another former president of the Orange Free State), with Reitz winning the election after Beck withdrew as a favor to William Philip Schreiner. It was thought that one of the former leaders of the Boer republics should lead the Senate for symbolic

neg: Louisiana State Senate of the legislature the President along with the Speakers calls a special session. The senate president is fifth in the gubernatorial line of succession. If the president is ever absent the senate president pro tempore, who is also appointed by the governor, presides. Should the senate chair ever fall permanently vacant the senate president pro tempore presides until the election of a new president. Louisiana State Senate The Louisiana State Senate ("French: Sénat de Louisiane") is the upper house of the state legislature of Louisiana. All senators serve four-year terms and are assigned multiple committees to work on. The Republicans

neg: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) 2009, following the inauguration of President Barack Obama, Sullivan announced his intention to resign his position, following the customary practice of U.S. Attorneys, who typically do not retain their posts in a new administrations. In 2006, Sullivan was made Acting Director of the ATF by President George W. Bush. The position had been made subject to the Senate confirmation process and Sullivan was the first nominee to be sent to the Senate. Bush nominated Sullivan to be permanent director in 2007, but the nomination was blocked by a Senate hold placed by Senators David Vitter (R-Louisiana), Michael Crapo (R-Idaho) and

neg: Party leaders of the United States Senate Kern was a Democratic Senator from Indiana. While the title was not official, he is considered to be the first Senate party leader from 1913 through 1917 (and in turn, the first Senate Democratic Leader), while serving concurrently as Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus. In 1925 the majority (at the time) Republicans also adopted this language when Charles Curtis became the first (official) Majority Leader, although his immediate predecessor Henry Cabot Lodge is considered the first (unofficial) Senate Majority Leader. The Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate. The Constitution

neg: James G. Moran member of the Massachusetts Senate. He was the first Mansfield resident elected to the Senate in 56 years. Following the 1934 election, the Senate consisted of 21 Republicans and 19 Democrats. The Democrats wanted to persuade a Republican to run against incumbent Erland F. Fish for the Senate presidency in exchange for an equal division of committee chairmanships. Henry Parkman Jr. was reportedly approached, but Parkman denied working with the Democrats. The Democrats then chose to back Moran, who agreed to run for president. As the most senior member of the Senate, Moran also presided over the balloting for Senate

neg: President of the Senate of Spain President of the Senate of Spain The President of the Senate of Spain () is the speaker of the Spanish Senate, the upper house of Spain's "Cortes Generales". The current office was established in 1978 by Article 72, Section 2 of the Spanish Constitution, which states in part, "The Houses shall choose their respective Presidents...". However, the position has a tradition of almost 200 years, since its creation in 1834. The current president, of the X Legislature, is Pío García-Escudero, a People's Party member who represents the electoral district of Madrid. The functions of the President of the Senate of

neg: Mike Cooney to 2,487 (31.88%). He was redistricted to the 40th District in 2005 and was re-elected to a second term in 2006 against Republican Robert Leach by 5,869 votes (68.18%) to 2,739 (31.82%). In 2007, Cooney was selected by Senate Democrats to become President of the Senate, succeeding Jon Tester, who had been elected to the U.S. Senate in 2006. He served as President of the Senate from 2007 to 2009, when the Democrats lost control of the Senate to the Republicans. In 2008, he used his position as Senate President to argue forcefully for the Legislature to update the state's

neg: Linda Puchala senior mediator from 1999 to 2009. She was the international president of the Association of Flight Attendants from 1979 to 1986. Linda Puchala Linda Puchala is an American government official who has served as a member of the National Mediation Board (NMB) since 2009. First appointed to the NMB by President Barack Obama, she was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 21, 2009. Puchala was confirmed to a second term on the NMB in August 2013. In September 2017, President Donald Trump nominated her for an additional term on the NMB. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate

neg: President of the Senate (Italy) President of the Senate (Italy) The President of the Senate of the Republic () is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate. The President of the Senate is the second-highest ranking office of the Italian Republic (after the President of the Republic). Since 24 March 2018, the role has been held by Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati, the first woman to hold the office in the history of the Italian Republic. The President of the Senate represents the Senate to external bodies, regulates debates in the Senate chamber by applying its regulations and the rules of the Italian Constitution, and regulates

neg: Maryland Senate elected from 47 Senate districts. While each Senator has the power to introduce and vote on bills and make motions on the floor, various committees, caucuses, and leadership positions help to organize the work of the Senate. Senators elect a President of the Senate, who serves as the presiding officer of the chamber. They also elect a President Pro Tempore, who presides over the chamber when the President is absent. The President of the Maryland Senate has significant influence over legislation that passes through the body through both formal means, such as his ability to appoint committee chairs and leaders

neg: George Sutherland faced re-election for the first time under the terms of the Seventeenth Amendment. Once again he faced William H. King, who campaigned on Sutherland's opposition to the president. Following his Senate defeat, he resumed the private practice of law in Washington, D.C., and served as President of the American Bar Association from 1916 to 1917. On September 5, 1922, Sutherland was nominated by President Warren G. Harding to the Associate Justice seat on the Supreme Court of the United States that was vacated by John Hessin Clarke. Sutherland was confirmed by the US Senate on September 5, 1922, and received

neg: Clesson J. Blaisdell chosen as the 123rd President of that body. Blaisdell was the first Democrat to be elected President of the state senate since 1912. Blaisdell owned and operated a sporting goods store in Keene. Blaisdell died at the Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Clesson J. Blaisdell Clesson J. Blaisdell (September 28, 1926 – August 26, 1999) was a New Hampshire businessman and politician who served as a member of and President of the New Hampshire Senate. Blaisdell had three children, Peter, Michael and Lucinda, with his wife, Beverly, known as Peggy. Blaisdell was born to Clesson Blaisdell on September

neg: Homer E. Capehart was constantly at odds with his Senate colleague William E. Jenner, a staunch isolationist Republican who consistently opposed President Eisenhower's "modern-Republicanism." Capehart, although an isolationist himself during his first term in the Senate, became increasingly more internationalist during his later years in the Senate and this eventually led to the split with Jenner. By 1959, Jenner had retired and Democrat Vance Hartke had taken his place. Capehart was extremely critical of President Kennedy and his New Frontier programs, such as Medicare and the Peace Corps. In 1962, Capehart attained his greatest popularity and what would ultimately become his lasting legacy

neg: Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate Senate is Martin M. Looney, a Democrat who has served since 2015. Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate The Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut serves as the President of the Connecticut Senate, but only casts a vote if required to break a tie. In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore of the Connecticut Senate presides. The President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the entire Senate through a Senate Resolution. The President pro tempore is the chief leadership position in the Senate. The Senate majority and minority leaders are elected by

neg: Jean-Pierre Bel Jean-Pierre Bel Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011. Following the September 2008 Senate election, Bel was the Socialist candidate for the post of President of the Senate on 1 October 2008, but because the right held a majority of seats in the Senate, he

neg: President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate special session by a written call signed by two-thirds of the members of the Oklahoma Senate and two-thirds of the members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Once conditions are met, the call is filed with the president pro tempore and the speaker who must issue a join order for the convening of the special session. According to Section 16 of Article Six of the Oklahoma Constitution, the president pro tempore is second in the gubernatorial line of succession behind the lieutenant governor. Henry S. Johnston, of Perry, was sworn into office as the first president pro tempore on November

neg: Álvaro Uribe and human rights defender working with victims in those cases. Uribe, who had served in the Senate previously prior to his election and re-election as president in 2002 and 2006, respectively, is both the first two-term president and first former head of state in Colombian history to become a Senator after occupying the presidency. Founded by the former president, the Democratic Center (Centro Democratico) party managed to win 20 seats in the Senate during 9 March congressional election a, the second highest number after the 21 seats held by President Juan Manuel Santos U Party (Partido de la U). Uribe's

neg: Florida State University the Finance Committee of the Legislative Branch. The student government was established in 1935 and consists of executive, judicial, and legislative branches. The student government executive branch is led by the Student Body President and includes the Student Body Vice President, Student Body Treasurer, six agencies, seven bureaus, and executive secretaries within the Executive Office of the President. The Student Senate is the legislative branch, and is composed of 80 senators who serve one-year terms. The student body elects the first half during each spring semester and the remaining half during the fall semester. The senators elect a Senate President

neg: Ba Mamadou Mbaré Mbaré succeeded Abdel Aziz as head of state in an interim capacity, becoming the first black leader of Mauritania. Abdel Aziz won the election and was sworn in on 5 August 2009, succeeding Mbaré as President. Ba Mamadou Mbaré Ba Mamadou dit Mbaré (1946 – 10 January 2013) was a Mauritanian politician who served as President of the Senate of Mauritania from 2007 until his death. As President of the Senate, he succeeded Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz as Head of State on 15 April 2009, when Abdel Aziz resigned to take part in the June 2009 presidential election. Abdel Aziz