query: where did european colonization of australia and oceania begin

pos: Europeans in Oceania Europeans in Oceania European exploration and settlement of Oceania began in the 16th century, starting with Portuguese settling the Moluccas and Spanish (Castilian) landings and shipwrecks in the Marianas Islands, east of the Philippines, followed by the Portuguese landing and settling temporarily (due to the monsoons) in the Tanimbar or the Aru Islands and in some of the Caroline Islands and Papua New Guinea, and several Spanish landings in the Caroline Islands and New Guinea. Subsequent rivalry between European colonial powers, trade opportunities and Christian missions drove further European exploration and eventual settlement. After the 17th century Dutch landings in

pos: Austronesian peoples Austronesian-speaking countries of the Asia-Pacific region, beginning from the 16th century with the Portuguese and Spanish colonization of some parts of Indonesia (present day East Timor), the Philippines, Palau, Guam, and the Mariana Islands; the Dutch colonization of the Indonesian archipelago; the British colonization of Malaysia and Oceania; the French colonization of French Polynesia; and later, the American governance of the Pacific. Meanwhile, the British, Germans, French, Americans, and Japanese began establishing spheres of influence within the Pacific Islands during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Japanese later invaded most of Southeast Asia and some parts of the Pacific

neg: History of the world colonization. The Pacific islands of Oceania would also be affected by European contact, starting with the circumnavigational voyage of Ferdinand Magellan, who landed on the Marianas and other islands in 1521. Also notable were the voyages (1642–44) of Abel Tasman to present-day Australia, New Zealand and nearby islands, and the voyages (1768–1779) of Captain James Cook, who made the first recorded European contact with Hawaii. Britain would found its first colony on Australia in 1788. In the Americas, the western European powers vigorously colonized the newly discovered continents, largely displacing the indigenous populations, and destroying the advanced civilizations of the

neg: Decolonisation of Oceania Decolonisation of Oceania The decolonization of Oceania occurred after World War II when nations in Oceania achieved independence by transitioning from European colonial rule to full independence. While most of the countries of Oceania have a specific independence day, the independence of Australia and the independence of New Zealand were a gradual process and cannot be associated clearly to a specific date. Most of the British colonies in Australia gained responsible government in the 1850s, as did New Zealand in 1856. This was formalised into Dominion status in the 1900s, but with the United Kingdom retaining certain (disused) powers "de

neg: Colonization refers mostly to Western European countries' colonization of lands mainly in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania; The main European countries active in this form of colonization included Spain, Portugal, France, the Kingdom of England (later Great Britain), the Netherlands, and the Kingdom of Prussia (now Germany), and, beginning in the 18th century, the United States. Most of these countries had a period of almost complete power in world trade at some stage in the period from roughly 1500 to 1900. Beginning in the late 19th century, Imperial Japan also engaged in settler colonization, most notably in Hokkaido and Korea.

neg: Westernization Social Medias (as Iran and China with Facebook, Twitter), marks a political desire to avoid the process of Westernisation of own population and way to communicate. Due to the colonization of the Americas and Oceania by Europeans, the cultural, ethnic and linguistic make-up of the Americas and Oceania has been changed. This is most visible in former settler colonies such as the United States of America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile and New Zealand, where the traditional indigenous population has been predominantly replaced demographically by non-indigenous settlers due to transmitted disease and conflict. This demographic takeover in settler countries has often

neg: Indo-European languages These trends compounded throughout the modern period due to the general global population growth and the results of European colonization of the Western Hemisphere and Oceania, leading to an explosion in the number of Indo-European speakers as well as the territories inhabited by them. Due to colonization and the modern dominance of Indo-European languages in the fields of global science, technology, education, finance, and sports, even many modern countries whose populations largely speak non-Indo-European languages have Indo-European languages as official languages, and the majority of the global population speaks at least one Indo-European language. The overwhelming majority of languages used

neg: Military history of Oceania Military history of Oceania Although the military history of Oceania probably goes back thousands of years to the first human settlement in the region, little is known about war in Oceania until the arrival of Europeans. The introduction of firearms transformed conflict in the region; in some cases helping to unify regions and in others sparking large-scale tribal and civil wars. Force and the threat of force played a role in the annexation of most of Oceania to various European and American powers, but only in Australia and New Zealand did wars of conquest occur. Western Oceania was a major

neg: New Order (Nazism) were restricted to having as few children as possible in the interest of German colonization, this would further "weaken the white race in view of the dangers of Asia". As the Japanese were conquering one European colonial territory after another in Asia and Oceania, and seemingly poised to take over Australia and New Zealand as well, Hitler further believed that the white race would disappear altogether from these regions, which he viewed as a turning point in history. He was relieved that Japan had entered the war on Germany's side, however, as he had long hoped to use that country

neg: Oceanian art (large stone statues). At about 1200 AD, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. By 1500, the first European explorers begin to reach Oceania. Although previous artistic and architectural traditions are continued, the various regions would begin to diverge and record more distinct cultures. The rock art of Australian Aborigines is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. These sites, found in Arnhem Land, Australia, are divided into three periods: Pre-Estuarine (c. 40,000?–6000 BC), Estuarine (c. 6000 BC–500 AD),

neg: Oceania Youth Handball Championship (last). The Cook Islands represented Oceania 2010 World Youth Games in Singapore finishing 6th (last). Both New Zealand and Australia did not take up their option. There has not been a women's tournament as yet, but Australia did represent Oceania in the 2010 World Youth Games in Singapore. Oceania Youth Handball Championship The Oceania Youth Handball Championship is an Under 19 for Boys and Under 18 for Girls handball tournament organised by the Oceania Continent Handball Federation. The winners of these competition qualify for the IHF Men's Youth World Championship and IHF Women's Youth World Championship respectively. There have only

neg: Decolonisation of Oceania jure". Sovereign states "de facto" by the 1920s, Australia and New Zealand refused the formal recognition of their own full sovereignty when offered through the Statute of Westminster in 1931, before accepting it respectively in 1942 and 1947. Decolonisation of Oceania The decolonization of Oceania occurred after World War II when nations in Oceania achieved independence by transitioning from European colonial rule to full independence. While most of the countries of Oceania have a specific independence day, the independence of Australia and the independence of New Zealand were a gradual process and cannot be associated clearly to a specific date.

neg: Georg Friederici years, but was called back to military service with the outbreak of World War I (1914–18). After being discharged he moved to Ahrensburg, Holstein where he built a large library on the history of exploration of America and Oceania. He continued his studies until his death on 15 April 1947 in Ahrensburg. Friederici researched the history of exploration from old sources. He also undertook the comparative study of native languages, particularly those affected by European colonization. He used his military knowledge in his many writings on weapons and war methods of foreign nations. His publications included: Georg Friederici Carl Georg

neg: Keely Froling to 2014. She then departed to begin her college career in the United States. Froling cut her college career short and has returned to Australia, after she was signed by the Canberra Capitals for 2016–17. Froling first played for Australia at the 2011 FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship for Women where she took home Gold. She would then go on to participate in the world championship in Amsterdam, Netherlands where Australia placed 5th. Froling has a twin sister, Alicia who is also a professional basketball player. She played alongside her in Townsville, SMU and the U17 National team. Their younger brother,

neg: Lauren Nicholson signed by the Sydney Uni Flames for 2016–17. Nicholson first played for Australia at the 2009 FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship for Women where she took home Gold in Brisbane, Australia. She would then go on to participate in the inaugural Under-17 world championship in France where Australia placed seventh. Lauren Nicholson Lauren Nicholson (born 26 March 1993) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Sydney Uni Flames in the Women's National Basketball League WNBL. Nicholson played college basketball at Saint Mary's College of California in Moraga, California for the Saint Mary's Gaels. Nicholson would begin her WNBL career in

neg: Europeans in Oceania New Zealand and Australia, but not settling these lands, the British became the dominant colonial power in the region, establishing settler colonies in what would become Australia and New Zealand, both of which now have majority European-descended populations. New Caledonia (Caldoche), Hawaii, French Polynesia, Norfolk Island and Guam also have significant European populations. Europeans remain a primary ethnic group in much of Oceania, both numerically and economically. European settlement in Australia began in 1788 when the British established the Crown Colony of New South Wales with the first settlement at Port Jackson. New Zealand was part of New South Wales

neg: Oceania such as Mandarin, Italian, Arabic, Polish, Hindi, German, Spanish, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among others, namely in Australia and New Zealand, or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. The most multicultural areas in Oceania, which have a high degree of immigration, are Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country. Sydney is the most multicultural city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40 percent of residents speaking

neg: National team appearances in the FIBA Basketball World Cup best finish by a team from Africa. An Asian team, the Philippines, made their debut on the second tournament, where they finished third, the best finish by an Asian team. Australia was the first team from Oceania to participate in the tournament, in 1970. New Zealand was defeated in the 2002 bronze medal game, earning them a fourth-place finish – the best finish by a team from Oceania. European and teams from the Americas dominated the tournament, with teams from either confederation disputing the gold medal. Since 1986, there have been three all-European and four Europe-Americas finals. The worst finish

neg: Indigenous peoples of Oceania Indigenous peoples of Oceania The indigenous peoples of Oceania are Polynesians, Melanesians, Micronesians, Papuans and Australian Aborigines. With the notable exceptions of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, New Caledonia and Guam, indigenous peoples make up the majority of the populations of Oceania. The term "Pacific Islanders" excludes Australian Aborigines, and may be understood to include non-indigenous populations of the Pacific Islands. Both Australia and the islands of the Pacific Ocean were colonized in waves of migrations from Southeast Asia spanning many centuries. European and Japanese colonial expansion brought most of the region under foreign administration, in some cases as settler colonies

neg: Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania Julian Calendar. There are also parishes and communities of the Metropolis in Victoria and South Australia. This metropolis no longer exists. Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania The Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania is a Synod of the Church of Greece (OC) The metropolis was formed when some community churches fell into disagreement with the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. For a time these parishes were part of the Autocephalic Greek Orthodox Church of America and Australia. The Metropolis currently contains the parishes who did not leave the omophorion of Abp Serafeim, and remains under Abp Serafeim

neg: Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania The Holy Orthodox Metropolis of Australia & Oceania is a Synod of the Church of Greece (OC) The metropolis was formed when some community churches fell into disagreement with the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. For a time these parishes were part of the Autocephalic Greek Orthodox Church of America and Australia. The Metropolis currently contains the parishes who did not leave the omophorion of Abp Serafeim, and remains under Abp Serafeim of Athens (assisted by auxiliary Metropolitan Christodoulos of Neon Patron) six parishes or communities in Australia and four in the Democratic

neg: Colonization Colonization Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. The term is derived from the Latin word colere, which means "to inhabit". Also, colonization refers strictly to migration, for example, to settler colonies in America or Australia, trading posts, and plantations, while colonialism to the existing indigenous peoples of styled "new territories". Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world. In many settled colonies, Western European settlers eventually formed a large majority of the population after killing or

neg:
Intersex human rights about recognition of third and blank classifications in a 2015 Issue Paper, stating that these may lead to "forced outings" and "lead to an increase in pressure on parents of intersex children to decide in favour of one sex." The Issue Paper argues that "further reflection on non-binary legal identification is necessary": Read country-specific pages on intersex rights via the links on the country name, where available. <onlyinclude>

 </onlyinclude> Intersex

neg: Europeans in Oceania received large numbers of European immigrants from countries such as Italy, Greece, Germany, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia following the Second World War. The total population of people that have European ancestry in Oceania is over 23,600,000, with the inclusion of the population of Hawaii. The dominant European group of Australia are referred to as Anglo-Celtic Australians (although this does not include non-British Europeans); the proper term for Australians of European ancestry is European Australian. In New Zealand, the census gathers information on ethnicity, not ancestry. It shows the majority of the New Zealand population identify as New Zealand European. The

neg: Monarchies in Oceania members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The only sovereign monarchy in Oceania that does not share a monarch with another state is Tonga. Australia and New Zealand have dependencies within the region and outside it, although five non-sovereign constituent monarchs are recognized by New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and France. The Australian monarchy goes back a few hundred years. European explorers started encountering the continent of Australia from the early 17th century, and the Kingdom of Great Britain founded and peopled colonial settlement from 1788. Before the European settlement an estimated half-million Australian Aborigines formed hundreds of different social groupings.

neg: Military history of Oceania Australia, and the bow in some parts of Melanesia and Polynesia. Nearly all Oceanic peoples had spears and clubs, although the Māori of New Zealand were unusual in having no distance weapons. Weapons could be very simple or elaborately crafted, with distance weapons in particular requiring a great deal of craftsmanship to be accurate. It has been estimated that Aboriginal spears were more accurate than nineteenth-century European firearms. Most pre-European conflicts in Oceania took place between peoples with a shared culture, and often language. However, there were also wars between peoples of different cultures, for example in Australia and Papua

neg: Hockey World Cup Only the Netherlands (1973 and 1998) and Germany (2006) have won the tournament as hosts. Spain, England, and Pakistan emerged as host runners-up in the 1971, 1986 and 1990 tournaments. Australia placed third when it hosted the 1994 tournament in Sydney. To date, the finals of the Hockey World Cup have been contested by Asian, European and Oceania continental teams. European teams have won the most with six titles, followed by Asian teams with five titles. Australia is the only team from Oceania to win the tournament. Neither the Americas nor Africa have ever won the title. Germany, India, the

neg: Dion Prewster Tall Blacks at the 2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship where he averaged 10.4 points, 6.6. rebounds and 1.2 assists per game. In July 2015, Prewster earned his first Tall Blacks squad selection for their European tour, Stanković Cup and 2015 FIBA Oceania Championship. He made his FIBA Oceania Championship debut on August 18 in Game 2 of their two-game series loss to Australia, appearing in the final 29 seconds of the match. In his spare time, Prewster is studying a degree in teaching. Dion Prewster Dion Anthony Prewster (born January 10, 1990) is an American-New Zealand professional basketball player for

neg: Taylor Ortlepp Taylor Ortlepp Taylor Jae Ortlepp (born 22 June 1997) is an Australian professional basketball player. She currently plays for the Boston College Eagles in NCAA Division I. Ortlepp began her WNBL career at a young age, with the Adelaide Lightning. She has since departed, to pursue her college career in the United States. Ortlepp will begin her college career at the Boston College with the Eagles. Ortlepp first represented Australia in 2013, at the FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship in Melbourne. She would then go on to represent Australia, at the 2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship in the Czech Republic. Where

neg: Gary Lane Woman International Master Nancy Jones, he moved to Australia, winning the Australian Chess Championship in 2004. He won the 2005 Oceania Chess Championship and represented Oceania at the Chess World Cup 2005. He has also represented Australia in the 2002, 2004, and 2006 Chess Olympiads. In the 2004 Olympiad he helped Australia score a 2–2 draw with his former country England, scoring a decisive win over Nigel Short. He has been a chess coach for England or Australia at the World Junior and also European Junior championship for over a decade. In 2012 he won the George Trundle Masters in

neg: Settler colonialism them in 802 A.D., after which there was cultural extinction and forced assimilation gradually erasing their culture and ethnicity by the time of the Northern Fujiwara. During the early modern period, some European nation-states and their agents adopted policies of colonialism, competing with each other to establish colonies outside of Europe, at first in the Americas, and later in Asia, Africa, and Oceania. European colonization of the Americas began as early as the 10th century, when Norse sailors explored and settled limited areas on the shores of present-day Greenland and Canada. According to Norse folklore, violent conflicts with the indigenous

neg: Teleogryllus oceanicus Teleogryllus oceanicus Teleogryllus oceanicus, commonly known as the Australian, Pacific or oceanic field cricket, is a cricket found across Oceania and in coastal Australia from Carnarvon in Western Australia and Rockhampton in north-east Queensland "T. oceanicus" populations in Hawaii arose through human-assisted introduction. It is currently unknown whether "T. oceanicus" was introduced to Hawaii in 1877 by area trade ships, or 1500 years ago with the original Polynesian settlers. Microsatellite comparisons support the idea that the Hawaiian "T. oceanicus" colonization originated in the Western islands and then spread East. "T. oceanicus" crickets are black to dark brown in coloration with

neg: Australian rules football in Oceania however organised Australian rules did not begin there until 2009. The governing body for the sport on the islands is AFL Fiji, created in 2009. The first television broadcasts of matches by the Australia Network began in 2002. The first efforts to establish the sport in Fiji were made by Australian police officers based in the capital Suva in 2004. The Fijian Australian Football Association was formed as a governing body and a failed bid was made for inclusion of the sport into the 2007 South Pacific Games held in Fiji. The FAFA went into recess without creating an organised

neg: Laurent Vidal (Junior), and one year later in 2003 he placed fourth at the World Championships (Junior) in New Zealand. In 2008, he represented France at the Olympic Games (36th), in 2010 he won the Oceania Championships, and in 2011 he placed 7th at both European and World Championships. In 2012, he started the year winning the Geelong (Australia) Oceania Cup and the opening round of World Cup Circuit in Mooloolaba ( Australia), followed by a bronze medal at the first World Championship event in Sydney (Australia). In June 2012, he became leader of the ITU Point List for the first time

neg: Ethan Rusbatch 2019 season. In June 2015, Rusbatch was named in a 22-man Tall Blacks squad to trial and be considered for selection for the Oceania Series against Australia in August. He attended a camp in Auckland in early July, but was cut prior to the team's European tour. On 18 May 2016, Rusbatch was one of four debutants named in New Zealand's 14-man squad to travel to Asia in June. He was later cut from the squad on June 17 prior to the team's European tour, but did join the group as injury cover for Corey Webster in July. Webster pulled

neg: Pokanoket Pokanoket The Pauquunaukit Wampanoag (anglicized as Pokanoket, literally, "land at the clearing" in Natick) is an indigenous group in present-day Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Prior to European colonization, the Pokanoket were the leadership of the tribal groups that make up the modern-day Wampanoag Nation. However, ethnically Pokanoket groups and their neighbors did not begin to refer to themselves as Wampanoag until after King Philip's War, when Pokanoket identity was criminalized in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Thus, while all Pokanoket are Wampanoag (being one tribe among several), not all Wampanoag are ethnically Pokanoket. The Pokanoket are the indigenous group in the

neg: Languages of North America in the European colonization of the Americas, German people did found their own colonies. Pennsylvania German, Hutterite German, Texas German, all of which developed in North America, as well as Plautdietsch are spoken by descendants of these settlers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Other introduced languages include Danish in Greenland, where it is spoken by nearly everyone (mostly as a second language) due to centuries of colonization by Denmark. Danish was once the language of administration of the US Virgin Islands before the purchase by the United States. Dutch in Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, where it is

neg: 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from internal community spread of the virus. In addition, the government of New Zealand, where most of the remainder of cases in Oceania have occurred, is on high alert for

neg: Sociology of health and illness Australia. The government has also waged a war on illegal drugs, particularly heroin, which in the 1950s became widely used as a pain reliever. Experts believe that many of the health problems in the Pacific Islands can be traced back to European colonization and the subsequent globalization and modernization of island communities. (See History of the Pacific Islands.) European colonization and late independence meant modernization but also slow economic growth, which had an enormous effect on health care, particularly on nutrition in the Pacific Islands. The end of colonization meant a loss of medical resources, and the fledgling independent governments

neg: Great Recession in Oceania Great Recession in Oceania Great Recession in Oceania is an article on the recession affecting the Oceanic region. This includes, Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific countries. Australia is one of the three Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that did not experience two consecutive negative quarters of growth and one of the two that avoided negative year-end GDP growth during the global recession. It was not affected by the crisis from 2008 to 2009 due to a number of factors such as government stimulus spending; its proximity to the booming Chinese economy and the related mining boom

neg: Age of Discovery circumnavigated New Holland proving that Australia was not part of the mythical southern continent. He was the first known European expedition to reach the islands of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) and New Zealand and to sight the Fiji islands, which he did in 1643. Tasman, his navigator Visscher, and his merchant Gilsemans also mapped substantial portions of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. In the mid-16th century the Tsardom of Russia conquered the Tatar khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan, thus annexing the entire Volga Region and opening the way to the Ural Mountains. The colonization of the new

neg: Westernization resulted in the linguistic, social, and cultural marginalisation of indigenous people. However, even in countries where large populations of indigenous people remain or the indigenous peoples have mixed (mestizo) considerably with European settlers, such as Bolivia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Ecuador, relative marginalisation still exists. Due to colonization and European immigration, the prevalent native languages in the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, Northern Asia and part of South Africa and Central Asia, are now usually European languages or creoles based on them: Many indigenous languages are on the verge of becoming extinct. However, some settler countries have gone to lengths to

neg: Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most attended football code. There are currently organised open age leagues in seven nations (including Australia) around the Pacific, while in at least four other nations there have been participation in the sport. The sport is broadcast on television in most of these countries, particularly the AFL Grand Final, however outside of

neg: 2015 Oceania Sevens Championship 2015 Oceania Sevens Championship The 2015 Oceania Sevens Championship was the eighth Oceania Sevens. It was held in Waitakere, Auckland, New Zealand on 14–15 November 2015. As well as determining the regional championship, the tournament was also a qualifying event for the 2016 Olympics sevens, with the highest-placed eligible team gaining a direct berth to Rio de Janeiro. Australia won the tournament, defeating Tonga 50–0 in the final. The second and third place getters Tonga and Samoa received invitations to the final qualification tournament. Fiji and New Zealand did not participate in the 2015 Oceania Sevens as they had already

neg: Europeans in Oceania until 1840 when it became a separate colony and experienced a marked increase in European settlement. While the largest European ethnic group to originally settle in both Australia and New Zealand were the English, the settler population in Australia from early times contained a large Irish Catholic component, in contrast to New Zealand which was more Scottish in composition. For generations, the vast majority of both colonial-era settlers and post-independence immigrants to Australia and New Zealand came almost exclusively from the British Isles. However, waves of European immigrants were later drawn from a broader range of countries. Australia, in particular,

neg: Margaret Battye and conferences, and a petition to the Prime Minister Ben Chifley. The Equal Citizenship (blanket) Bill was redirected to address state legislation, where the greater part of discrimination remained, although no bill would be passed for thirty years. Margaret Battye died of thyrotoxicosis in 1949. Margaret Battye Margaret Battye (9 August 1909 – 16 November 1949) was an Australian barrister and jurist, who was one of the most influential women in politics, business and the legal advancement in Oceania. Battye was the first woman to represent a client and begin a legal practice in Western Australia, and she held a

neg: 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships ""either have their normal place of residence (defined as being a place where an athlete is resident and/or educated) in an "athletically remote area" of Australia (defined as a being a place more than 300 km from any centre at which track and field competition is held on a regular basis i.e. basically weekly or fortnightly during the track season) or "Northern Australia" (defined as comprising the Northern Territory and any parts of Western Australia and North Queensland, north of 26th parallel south latitude)"". 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships The 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships were held at Barlow Park in Cairns,

neg: Badminton Australia became the 11th member of the International Badminton Federation. In 1936, it founded the development of the Oceania Badminton Confederation alongside New Zealand. This is now known as Badminton Oceania. The current national office for BA resides in Melbourne, Victoria. Australia is yet to be a competitive nation in the field of badminton, in the context of current Asian and European/Scandinavian dominance. However, at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics Anna Lao reached the quarterfinals in the women's singles, doubles and mixed and was overall ranked 5th in the world for each of those events. Another noticeable achievement is from Sze Yu.

neg: Elyse Penaluna qualification series against the New Zealand women's national basketball team. Her team won the first game. She was a major factor in the Australian's second game win where she scored 17 points. She played in a game against New Zealand in Brisbane that was part of the Oceania qualifying tournament for the Olympics. She did not start, but scored 19 points coming off the bench, 11 of which came in the third quarter. She also represented Australia at the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzen, China, where Australia took home a bronze medal, beating their opposition 66-56 in the bronze medal

neg: Pokanoket first Thanksgiving story, although it is speculated that no meal was actually shared between the Pokanoket and English settlers, and the former did not necessarily welcome colonization. Prior to colonization, the political seat of the many tribes that are collectively known as the Wampanoag was located in Pokanoket, where one historical site is found on Mount Hope in Bristol, Rhode Island. At the time of the pilgrims’ arrival in Plymouth, the realm of Pokanoket included parts of Rhode Island and much of southeastern Massachusetts. European accounts of Pokanoket social life noted the political authority of the Massasoit (Great Leader). The

neg: Kingdom of Tahiti Kingdom of Tahiti The Kingdom of Tahiti was founded by paramount chief Pōmare I, who, with the aid of English missionaries and traders, and European weaponry, unified the islands of Tahiti, Moʻorea, Tetiaroa, Mehetia and at its peak included the Tuamotus, Tubuai, Raivavae and other islands of eastern Polynesia. Their leaders were Christian following the baptism of Pomare II. Their progressive rise and recognition by Europeans allowed Tahiti to remain free from a planned Spanish colonization as well as English and earlier French claims to the islands. The Kingdom was one of a number of independent Polynesian states in Oceania,

neg: Human (Southern Dispersal) around 70,000 to 60,000 years ago, resulting in the colonization of Australia around 65,000 years ago, This recent out of Africa migration derived from East African populations, which had become separated from populations migrating to Southern, Central and Western Africa at least 100,000 years earlier. Modern humans subsequently spread globally, replacing archaic humans (either through competition or hybridization). They inhabited Eurasia and Oceania by 40,000 years ago, and the Americas at least 14,500 years ago. Until about 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), all humans lived as hunter-gatherers, generally in small nomadic groups known as band

neg: Latin script Through European colonization the Latin script has spread to the Americas, Oceania, parts of Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, in forms based on the Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, German and Dutch alphabets. It is used for many Austronesian languages, including the languages of the Philippines and the Malaysian and Indonesian languages, replacing earlier Arabic and indigenous Brahmic alphabets. Latin letters served as the basis for the forms of the Cherokee syllabary developed by Sequoyah; however, the sound values are completely different. In the late 19th century, the Romanians returned to the Latin alphabet, which they had used until the Council

neg: Front Mission 5: Scars of the War game. Globalization sweeps the world in the early 21st century. Facing a recession and other worldwide crises, many nations set aside their differences and form supranational unions. The European Union, formed in 1993, was renamed the "European Community" (EC) in 2005 when all nations of Europe joined the bloc. In 2015, the Commonwealth of Independent States unites to form the "Republic of Zaftra". In 2020, the countries of North America and South America band together to create the "United States of the New Continent" (USN). The nations of Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania form the "Oceania Cooperative Union" in 2026.

neg: Military history of Oceania partly as a way to prevent a French invasion and partly as a way to stop intertribal warfare; while Tonga became a British protected state as a result of an attempt to oust the Tongan king. In other parts of the region, such as Australia, European sovereignty was simply proclaimed without any attempt to win the consent of the indigenous peoples. In many cases, including those in which sovereignty had been ceded more or less voluntarily, force and the threat of force were required to maintain European dominance. Although virtually every part of Oceania was at some point annexed by

neg: Military history of Oceania to extend its territory in the area), a civil war in Bougainville and several coups in Fiji. During this time many Pacific nations won their independence, usually peacefully. However a number of islands remained territories of European, Asian and American powers, and several were used as nuclear testing sites. In the 1970s, these activities became highly controversial. Meanwhile, several Oceanic countries, notably Australia and New Zealand, contributed combat and peacekeeping troops to a range of conflicts outside of Oceania. Due to its low population, Oceania was a popular location for atmospheric and underground nuclear tests. Tests were conducted in various

neg: Ben Turner (weightlifter) Championships - Warsaw, Poland Oceania Junior Championships - Melbourne, Australia 2003 Commonwealth & Oceania Championships - Tonga World Junior Championships - Hermosillo, Mexico Mermet Cup (AUS vs. USA) - Colorado Springs, United States World Championships - Vancouver, Canada Oceania Junior Championships - Niue 2004 Oceania Senior & Junior Championships - Suva, Fiji World Junior Championships - Minsk, Belarus Mermet Cup (AUS vs. USA) - Melbourne, Australia 2005 Youth Olympic Games - Sydney, Australia Commonwealth & Oceania Championships - Melbourne, Australia 2006 Commonwealth Games - Melbourne, Australia 2007 World Championships - Chiang Mai, Thailand 2008 Oceania Championships & Continental Olympic Qualification

neg: Australia at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics its performance at the 2013 Oceania Shooting Championships. Australia qualified eight swimmers. Australia qualified two athletes based on its performance at the Oceania Qualification Event. Australia qualified four athletes based on the 9 June 2014 ITF World Junior Rankings. Australia qualified two athletes based on its performance at the 2014 Oceania Youth Olympic Games Qualifier. Australia qualified 1 quota in the boys' and girls' events based on the team ranking after the 2014 Weightlifting Oceania Championships. Australia qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 Oceania Cadet Championships. Australia at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Australia competed at

neg: 2015 World Men's Handball Championship tournament. Qatar, as hosts and Spain, as world champions, were automatically qualified, which left 22 places available for the best teams of each continental qualification tournament and the winners of an additional European qualification competition. In a decision taken by the International Handball Federation on 8 July 2014 the spot allocated for a nation from Oceania was revoked on the grounds that Oceania has no continental confederation. The national team, qualified for this spot through the 2014 Oceania Handball Championship, was Australia. The spot was instead handed out as a wild card to the nation with the highest ranking at

neg: Rebel Heart on returning to Turin with the tour on November 20 and 21, 2015. The tour, called the Rebel Heart Tour, with appearances in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, was to begin on September 9, 2015. "Billboard" reported it would only use arenas, and visit cities where Madonna had not performed previously. The initial itinerary included 25–30 shows in North America and 20–25 shows in Europe, with additional dates being revealed later. This tour was the singer's first visit to Australia in more than 20 years. She last performed there with The Girlie Show World Tour in 1993. It was

neg: 2015 Oceania Women's Sevens Championship 2015 Oceania Women's Sevens Championship The 2015 Oceania Women's Sevens Championship was the fifth Oceania Women's Sevens tournament. It was held in Auckland, New Zealand on 14–15 November 2015. As well as determining the regional championship, the tournament was also a qualifying event for the 2016 Olympics sevens, with the highest-placed eligible team not already qualified gaining a direct berth to Rio de Janeiro. Fiji won the tournament, defeating Samoa 55–0 in the final. The second and third place getters Samoa and the Cook Islands received invitations to the final qualification tournament. Australia and New Zealand did not participate in

neg: Australian rules football in Oceania Gold Coast, Queensland set up a Rec Footy competition. The program expanded in 2008 to include an Auskick junior development program. The AFL Vanuatu was formally created in 2010, and nominated five Vanuatu local youths to compete at the Under 16s Oceania Cup, to be held in Tonga in December 2010. Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most

neg: 2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification 2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Oceania Rugby began in June 2016, where across 2 years, 3 teams competed for two direct qualification spots from Oceania. While two places were available to Oceania in a cross-regional play-off series' to qualify for the World Cup and or advance through the Repechage. Two teams from the Oceania region, New Zealand and Australia, qualified automatically for the 2019 World Cup by finishing in the top 12 in the 2015 World Cup. Fiji and Tonga qualified by finishing first and second (on aggregate) in the

neg: Google Street View in Oceania Australia and Queensland. However, some places still have only low-resolution imagery or don't even have Street View coverage at all. As of June 2015, the updates of Australia footage are ongoing. The following areas are included. Most towns, cities, villages, major and rural roads. Most towns, cities, villages, major and sealed rural roads, and seven of the nine Great Walks hiking tracks. Countries of Oceania which do not have coverage: , , , , , Countries partly in Oceania, where the Oceanian parts do not have coverage: Of these countries, the following have photospheres, 360 degree panorama photos similar to

neg: Nan’yō Kōhatsu and colonization of the islands of Oceania and eventually the European-held territories of the Indonesian archipelago. Building on the resources of the defunct "Nan'yō Shokusan", Matsue was able to build a substantial empire supported by the sugar industry during the 1920s and 1930s. In addition to sponsoring the immigration of over 5000 workers from Okinawa and northern Japan to the Mariana Islands, and clearing over 3000 hectares for plantations, the company also built a sugar refinery, alcohol distillation plant, ice place and a railroad. Sugar cane became the primary industry of Saipan and by the mid-1930s the company exported over

neg: Haruji Matsue Saipan's neighboring islands. By the end of the decade, he had brought more than 5,000 workers to the Marianas. The company quickly grew to become the largest private company in the Japanese Mandate, and at its height employed over 40,000 people. Matsue also built numerous recreational facilities for his workers on Saipan and other islands. A fervent supporter of the "Nanshin-ron" doctrine, which advocated Japanese territorial expansion and colonization of the islands of Oceania and eventually the European-held territories of the Indonesian archipelago, Matsue led the company in developing a wide range of activities in Dutch and Australian territories in

neg: Georg Friederici Georg Friederici Carl Georg Eduard Friederici (28 January 1866 – 15 April 1947) was a German ethnologist. He wrote extensively on the customs and language of peoples affected by European colonization in America and Oceania. Carl Georg Eduard Friederici was born on 28 January 1866 in Stettin. His father, Carl Friederici (1832–83), was a wine wholesaler. His mother was Emilie Schultze (1836–1901), daughter of a baker. He made his career in the army, but from an early age was interested in the history and peoples of foreign lands. In 1893–94 he took leave and traveled in Spain and North Africa.

neg: Front Mission can never be counterattacked and almost always hit their target, but have limited ammunition supply. Lastly, shields can be equipped on wanzers to absorb some of the damage taken from incoming attacks. These are other gameplay features that are commonly seen in multiple "Front Mission" titles. These are the fictional nations that play a major role in the "Front Mission" series. Oceania Cooperative Union The Oceania Cooperative Union (OCU) is a supranational union of countries in Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Australia. The OCU capital, where the OCU Central Parliament operates, is Canberra, Australia. The union's roots date back to 2006,

neg: Patty Mills represented his country at the Beijing Olympics, where he averaged 14.2 points per game. Mills went on to play for Australia at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and 2011 FIBA Oceania Championship, before once again representing his country at the 2012 London Olympics. Mills had the highest scoring average with 21.2 points per game, ahead of Kevin Durant of the United States, who averaged 19.5 points per game. In 2013, Mills played for Australia at the FIBA Oceania Championship. Two years later, he played at the 2015 FIBA Oceania Championship. In 2016, he helped the Boomers finish fourth at the

neg: Sport in Oceania Patty Mills. New Zealand has also helped to create some NBA players as well, such as Kirk Penney, Steven Adams, and Sean Marks. Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru and is the most popular football code in Australia in terms of attendance. It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. Sport in Oceania The most popular sport in Oceania varies from country to country. The most popular sport in Australia is cricket, the most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football

neg: Demographics of Oceania or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand or from mainland New Guinea). Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia and are inhabited, they are nearer Indonesia than the Australian mainland, and are commonly associated with Asia instead of Oceania. The demographic table below shows all inhabited states and territories of Oceania. The information in this chart comes from the CIA World Factbook or the United States Department of State, unless noted otherwise or not available (NA); where sources differ, references are included. Demographics of Oceania Oceania is

neg: Western European colonialism and colonization capitalism did not emerge as the dominant economic institution elsewhere. As Ugo Pipitone argues, prosperous economic institutions that sustain growth and innovation did not prevail in areas like China, the Arab world, or Mesoamerica because of the excessive control of these proto-States on private matters. Throughout the era of European colonization, those in power routinely partitioned land masses and created borders that are still in place today. It has been estimated that Britain and France traced almost 40% of the entire length of today’s international boundaries. Sometimes boundaries were naturally occurring, like rivers or mountains, but other times these borders

neg: Oceania Athletics Association regional competitions". This also applies for Tokelau where the first athletics event ever took place recently. In 2008, New Caledonia became the first Associate Member, Niue followed in 2009. Oceania Athletics Association The Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Oceania. The OAA head office is located in Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The OAA was founded as Oceania Amateur Athletic Organization (OAAA) on August 21, 1969, during a "Congress of the delegates of Member Countries of the Australasian Area" held in Port Moresby, then Territory of Papua and New Guinea, at

neg: Breadfruit breadfruit has its origins in the region of Oceania from New Guinea through the Indo-Malayan Archipelago to western Micronesia. The trees have been widely planted in tropical regions, including lowland Central America, northern South America, and the Caribbean. In addition to the fruit serving as a staple food in many cultures, the light, sturdy timber of breadfruit has been used for outriggers, ships, and houses in the tropics. Because breadfruit dispersal across Oceania was dependent on human seafaring, botanical research has correlated with the human colonization of Oceania, resulting in a theory that humans brought breadfruit seeds from Melanesia to

neg: 2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony selected from thousands of candidates. Australian rock band The Church played "Under The Milky Way" to accompany a performance by the Australian Ballet, with aerial work performed by students of the National Institute of Circus Arts (NICA). Contrary to tradition, the nations did not enter the stadium in alphabetical order, but by regions of the Commonwealth. European nations entered the stadium first, followed by those from Africa, Asia, the Americas, the Caribbean and finally, Oceania. English athletes and officials entered the stadium first (as the host of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester) while the host nation, Australia entered last.

neg: Day & Age World Tour the passing of Brandon Flowers mother, a number of dates in Oceania were also cancelled; the band did however play the final two shows, wrapping up the tour at the Good Vibrations Festival in Melbourne on February 21, 2010. The stage setup included palm trees, tiger print flooring and a giant light bulb keyboard stand in the shape of the K from the band's logo. The band headlined major US festivals Lollapalooza and Coachella for the first time, they also headlined V Festival Australia and many European festivals. Bonus footage from the band's Live from the Royal Albert Hall DVD

neg: 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania via Santo-Pekoa International Airport and Bauerfield International Airport are now being screened using body heat detection before being allowed to exit the airport's gates. 1st case confirm in Vanuatu. 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from

neg: Dingo–dog hybrid introduction of other domestic dogs before the arrival of the Europeans. European domestic dogs arrived in Australia in the 18th century, the European colonization. Since then, some of those dogs dispersed into the wild (both deliberately and accidentally) and founded feral populations, especially in places where the dingo numbers had been severely reduced due to human intervention. Although there are few records of such releases, their occurrence is supported by reports of free-living dogs of specific breeds being seen or captured in remote areas. The spread of farming and grazing activities in the 19th century led to a further spread

neg: Australia at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics girls' single sculls boat at the Oceania Youth Olympic Games Qualification event. Australia qualified two boats based on its performance at the Oceania Techno 293+ Youth Olympic Games Qualifier. They also qualified another boat at the 2018 World Nacra 15 Championship. A quota in the IKA Twin Tip Racing was achieved at the Asian and Oceania IKA Twin Tip Racing Qualifiers. Australia qualified three sport shooters based on its performance at the 2017 Oceania Championships. Australia qualified one sport climber based on its performance at the 2017 Oceania Youth Sport Climbing Championships. Australia selected 8 athletes (4 boys and 4

neg: Jessica Foley for the Blue Devils. As a junior, Foley set a single season record with 68 three-pointers made. In the 2006 WNBA draft, Foley was selected in round 3 (pick 38 overall) by the Indiana Fever, but did not play because of injury. In 2008, Foley was traded to the Connecticut Sun, but returned to Australia without playing a WNBA game. At official FIBA events, Foley played for Australia at the 2001 World Championship for Junior Women, the 2003 World Championship for Young Women and the 2009 FIBA Oceania Championship for Women, where she won a Gold medal. Source Jessica Foley

neg: Utilitarian genocide into the Americas, Oceania, and Africa. The colonial expansion into the Americas was markedly different in its approaches to the accumulation of wealth. The French colonization of the Americas through exploitation and the fur trade had a minor impact on the indigenous peoples. The Spanish colonization of the Americas however was devastating to the indigenous population, as was the British colonization of the Americas. Dadrian has also given as further examples of utilitarian genocide the murders of Moors and Jews during the Spanish Inquisition and the killing of Cherokee Indians during the colonial expansion of the United States. This type

neg: Gran Turismo Sport two championships held simultaneously throughout the year: the Nations Cup, where players represent their country, and the Manufacturers Cup, where players represent their favorite car manufacturer. The FIA manages the series directly as they would with any of their other race series. The winners of the championships are honored at the FIA's annual prize-giving ceremony in Paris. The winner of the inaugural FIA GT Sport Nations Cup in 2018 was Americas regional champion Igor Fraga (Brazil, IOF_RACING17). European regional champion Mikail Hizal (Germany, TRL_LIGHTNING) finished 2nd, while Asia-Oceania regional finalist Cody Latkovsky (Australia, Nik_Makozi) ended in 3rd. The year's Manufacturers

neg: Australia at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics girls) to compete in swimming. Australia qualified two athletes based on its performance at the 2018 Oceania Youth Olympic Games Qualifier. Australia qualified one athlete based on their performance at the 2018 Oceania Cadet Championships. Australia at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics Australia participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018. Track Field Australia qualified a boys' and girls' team based on their performance at the 2018 Oceania U19 Championship. Australia selected three athletes to compete based on their performance at the 2018 Youth Oceania Confederation Boxing Championships. Australia qualified

neg: Australia at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics the Oceania Qualifying Event. Australia qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 Oceania Trampoline Championships. Australia qualified two athletes based on its performance at the 2013 Cadet World Judo Championships. Australia qualified two athletes based on its performance at the Asian and Oceania YOG Qualifiers. Australia qualified two boats based on its performance at the 2013 World Rowing Junior Championships. Australia qualified a girls' team based on its performance at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Australia qualified two boats based on its performance at the Byte CII Oceania Continental Qualifiers. Australia qualified four shooters based on

neg: Western European and Others Group the WEOG and the Asian Group, but for electoral purposes is considered a member of the WEOG only. In 2000, the first anniversary of Nauru's UN membership in the Asian Group prompted a call by that country for a new Oceania regional grouping including Australia and New Zealand within the United Nations regional voting system. A related group is JUSCANZ. This is an alliance of Japan, the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and others. It essentially includes most major non-European Union members of the WEOG, plus Japan. It ensures the European Union is not able to dominate WEOG discussions

neg: New Spain New Spain The Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It covered a huge area that included territories in North America, Central America, Asia and Oceania. It originated in 1521 after the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the main event of the Spanish conquest, which did not properly end until much later, as its territory continued to grow to the north. It was officially created on 8 March 1535 as a viceroyalty (Spanish: "virreinato"), the first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the

neg: Western European colonialism and colonization postcolonial states. The era of European colonialism lasted from the 16th to 19th centuries and involved European powers vastly extending their reach around the globe by establishing colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The dismantling of European empires following World War II saw the process of decolonization begin in earnest. In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill jointly released the Atlantic Charter, which broadly outlined the goals of the U.S. and British governments. One of the main clauses of the charter acknowledged the right of all people to choose their own government. The document

neg: Daron Acemoglu colonies where they did not settle, unlike in places where they did settle and that these institutions have persisted. They estimated that "differences in institutions explain approximately three-quarters of the income per capita differences across from former colonies." According to Acemoglu and Robinson, the poverty of sub-Saharan Africa is a coincidence. Historical experience dominated by extractive institutions in these countries has created a vicious circle, which was exacerbated by the European colonization. Acemoglu argued just before the 2016 presidential election that the Democratic Party "should seek a coalition that stands for the most vulnerable people in society" which, he believes,

neg: Military history of Oceania of the New Zealand Land Wars 18,000 English troops were required, in addition to settler and "loyal native" forces to contain the belligerent minority of the well armed and militarily competent Māori. Nevertheless, in both cases 'native resistance' was eventually subdued although in Australia occasional fighting continued into the twentieth century. Although World War I occurred almost entirely in Europe and the Middle East, Oceania was involved in a number of ways. British settlers and their descendants in Australia and New Zealand enthusiastically signed up to fight for their 'mother country', as did some Māori. Australian and New Zealand troops,

neg: 2016 Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship 2016 Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship The 2016 Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship, was the second edition of the Oceania Rugby Junior Championship. It was played as two tournaments; the Oceania Under 20 Championship hosted on the Gold Coast in Australia, and the Oceania Under 20 Trophy hosted in Suva. The Championship was played in May, with New Zealand defeating Australia by 30–10 in the first match of the tournament. Australia won the second match by 25–24 to draw the series one-all, but New Zealand took the championship due to superior points difference. The Trophy competition was played in December

neg: History of the Australia national soccer team and then three playoff stages. The first stage was the Oceania playoff. Australia finished on top of Group 1 in Oceania going undefeated in four games against weaker sides Tahiti and the Solomon Islands and scoring thirteen goals over the four games. Australia played New Zealand in the Oceania playoff. The first leg was played in New Zealand on 30 May 1993, with Australia winning the game 1–0. Australia won the return leg 3–0 to win the playoff stage with a 4–0 aggregate score. Having won the Oceania playoff, Australia now had to win a 2-leg playoff against Canada, the

neg: Taylor Ortlepp Australia finished in fifth place, with a 6–1 record. Taylor Ortlepp Taylor Jae Ortlepp (born 22 June 1997) is an Australian professional basketball player. She currently plays for the Boston College Eagles in NCAA Division I. Ortlepp began her WNBL career at a young age, with the Adelaide Lightning. She has since departed, to pursue her college career in the United States. Ortlepp will begin her college career at the Boston College with the Eagles. Ortlepp first represented Australia in 2013, at the FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship in Melbourne. She would then go on to represent Australia, at the 2014

neg: Lindy Hou selected to represent Australia at the 2012 ITU Paratriathlon World Championships, racing in the TRI-6 (visually impaired) classification. She withdrew due to injury. The sole female TRI-6 competitor in the inaugural Australian Paratriathlon Championships, held in January 2013, Hou was selected to race in the 2013 ITU Triathlon World Championships in London, where she and guide Maureen Cummings carried the Australian flag during the opening ceremony. She did not medal in the race. At the 2014 Australian and Oceania championships, Hou won her classification. Along with Michael Milton, she is one of two athlete members of the Triathlon Australia Paratriathlon

neg: FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania is a zone within FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental confederations. FIBA Oceania is responsible for the organization and governance of the major international tournaments in Oceania. It has 22 FIBA Federations and is headquartered in Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The current FIBA Oceania President is Burton Shipley from New Zealand. Its prime events were the FIBA Oceania Championship for men and the FIBA Oceania Women's Championship. The men's championship, established in 1971, was dominated by Australia. Yet, on some occasions, New Zealand defeated its rival, which was first accomplished

neg: Guns, Germs, and Steel to encourage innovation and avoid technological stagnation. In the later context of the European colonization of the Americas, 95% of the indigenous populations are believed to have been killed off by diseases brought by the Europeans. Many were killed by infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles. Similar circumstances were observed in the History of Australia (1788-1850) and in History of South Africa. Aboriginal Australians and the Khoikhoi population were decimated by smallpox, measles, influenza and other diseases. How was it then that diseases native to the American continents did not kill off Europeans? Diamond posits that the most of

neg: New Zealand national baseball team 2017 World Baseball Classic qualification tournament in Australia in 2016 which did not get past the qualification round for the 2017 tournament. New Zealand national baseball team The New Zealand national baseball team, also known as the Diamondblacks, is the representative team at international level for New Zealand. The team is controlled by Baseball New Zealand, the country's governing body. The team competes in the Oceania Championship, where in 2007 withdrew from play giving Australia an automatic berth into the Final qualification tournament for the 2008 Olympics. The "Diamondblacks" nickname is one of many national team nicknames related to the

neg: First wave of European colonization First wave of European colonization The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th-century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia. During this period, European interests in Africa primarily focused on the establishment of trading posts there, particularly for the African slave trade. The time period in which much of the first wave of European colonization (and other exploratory ventures) occurred is often

neg: 2011 UCI Oceania Tour 2011 UCI Oceania Tour The 2011 UCI Oceania Tour was the seventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 26 January 2011 with the Tour of Wellington and ended on 20 March 2011 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Michael Matthews of Australia was the defending champion of the 2009–10 UCI Oceania Tour. Richard Lang of Australia was crowned as the 2011 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage

neg: Feral years. In Australia, domesticated pigs escaped in the 18th century, and now cover 40 percent of Australia with a population estimated at 30 million. While pigs were doubtlessly brought to New Zealand by the original Polynesian settlers, this population had become extinct by the time of European colonization, and all feral pigs in New Zealand today are descendants of European stock. Many European wild boar populations are also partially descended from escaped domestic pigs and are thus technically feral animals within the native range of the ancestral species. Rock pigeons were formerly kept for their meat or more commonly as

neg: Benin Bronzes century, when colonization and missionary activity began, did larger numbers of African works begin to be taken to Europe, where they were described as simple curiosities of "pagan" cults. This attitude changed after the Benin Expedition of 1897. In 1897, the vice consul general James Robert Phillips, together with six other British officials, two businessmen, translators, and 215 porters, set off toward Benin from the small port of Sapele, Nigeria. Although they had given word of their intended visit, they were later informed that their journey must be delayed, because no foreigner could enter the city while rituals were being

neg: Human mitochondrial molecular clock are responsible for the differences observed between pedigree based methods and phylogeny based methods. Anatomical modern humans (AMH) spread out of Africa and over a large area of Eurasia and left artifacts along the northern coast of the Southwest, South, Southeast and East Asia. did not rely on a predicted T to estimate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rates. Instead, they used evidence of colonization in Southeast Asia and Oceania to estimate mutation rates. In addition they used RFLP technology ("Restriction fragment length polymorphism") to examine differences between DNA. Using these techniques this group came up with a T of 140,000 to