query: who is included in the communion of saints

pos: Communion of saints and because we trust that in God's presence those who have chosen to serve him will grow in his love, until they see him as he is." The Westminster Confession, which articulates the Reformed faith, teaches that the communion of saints includes those united to Christ--both the living and the dead. In Greek Orthodoxy, "the Church is also a communion of saints, an assembly of angels and men, of the Heaven and of the earth ... divided into what is known as the Church Militant and the Church Triumphant". The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America teaches that "Through the work

pos: Communion of saints and because we trust that in God's presence those who have chosen to serve him will grow in his love, until they see him as he is." The Westminster Confession, which articulates the Reformed faith, teaches that the communion of saints includes those united to Christ--both the living and the dead. In Greek Orthodoxy, "the Church is also a communion of saints, an assembly of angels and men, of the Heaven and of the earth ... divided into what is known as the Church Militant and the Church Triumphant". The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America teaches that "Through the work

pos: Communion of saints God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to a judge who is God of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect." In Catholic terminology, the communion of saints exists in the three states of the Church, the Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant. The Church Militant () consisting of those alive on earth; the Church Penitent () consisting of those undergoing purification in purgatory in preparation for heaven; and the Church Triumphant () consisting of those already in heaven. The damned

pos: Thanksgiving after Communion Thanksgiving after Communion Thanksgiving after Communion is a spiritual practice among Christians who believe in the Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Communion bread, maintaining themselves in prayer for some time to thank God and especially listening in their hearts for guidance from their Divine guest. This practice was and is highly recommended by saints, theologians, and Doctors of the Church. In John 6:51, Jesus is quoted as saying, "I am the living bread that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life

pos: Catholic theology exists simultaneously on earth (Church militant), in Purgatory (Church suffering), and in Heaven (Church triumphant); thus Mary, the mother of Jesus, and the other saints are alive and part of the living Church. This unity of the Church in heaven and on earth is called the "communion of saints". Section 8 of the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, "Lumen gentium," states that "this Church constituted and organized in the world as a society, subsists in the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him, although many elements

pos: Communion of saints are not a part of the communion of saints. Christians belonging to the Roman Catholic Church ask the intercession of saints in heaven, whose prayers are seen as helping their fellow Christians on earth (cf. ). According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Martin Luther defined the phrase thus: Lutheranism affirms that the Church Militant and Church Triumphant share a common goal and thus do pray for one another. The Book of Concord, the official compendium of Lutheran doctrine teaches: "... we know that the ancients speak of prayer for the dead, which we do not prohibit; but we

pos: Catholic devotions for the faithful. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (item 957) states: It is not merely by the title of example that we cherish the memory of those in heaven; we seek, rather, that by this devotion to the exercise of fraternal charity the union of the whole Church in the Spirit may be strengthened. Exactly as Christian communion among our fellow pilgrims brings us closer to Christ, so our communion with the saints joins us to Christ. Devotions to saints may involve specific prayers, or acts such as the naming of schools or children after them. Some devotions seek

pos: Eastern Orthodox Church the church as embracing all Christ's members, those now living on earth, and also all those through the ages who have passed on to the heavenly life. The church includes the Christian saints from all times, and also judges, prophets and righteous Jews of the first covenant, Adam and Eve, even the angels and heavenly hosts. In Orthodox services, the earthly members together with the heavenly members worship God as one community in Christ, in a union that transcends time and space and joins heaven to earth. This unity of the Church is sometimes called the "communion of the saints".

neg: Communion under both kinds communion cups. In some churches wine is not used, but rather grape juice (see Alcohol in Christianity). In the Latter Day Saint movement communion is taken under both kinds, similar to Protestant usage. As originally practiced by the Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith and other early Latter Day Saints, the sacrament included the use of fermented wine. At this time, the common practice of the Latter Day Saints church is to have communion with bread and water and not to involve wine or grape juice. Communion under both kinds Communion under both kinds in Christianity is the reception

neg: Closed communion or decline (i.e. it is not for the minister, elders/deacons, or members to decide who may or may not partake); thus, it is more a form of open communion. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) practices closed communion, but does not take any measures to prevent others from participating . The Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) practices open communion. Among the modern descendants of the Anabaptists, the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites all practice what they term "close communion", restricting communion to members of a

neg: Communion of saints peace won through the glorious resurrection of Christ our Lord.'" The response for these prayers for the dead in this Lutheran liturgy is the prayer of Eternal Rest: "rest eternal grant him/her, O Lord; and let light perpetual shine upon him/her". In Methodist theology, the communion of saints refers to the Church Militant and Church Triumphant. The Rev. Katie Shockley explains the communion of saints in the context of the Methodist sacrament of the Eucharist: The communion of saints is celebrated in Methodism during Allhallowtide, especially on All Saint's Day. Methodist theology affirms the "duty to observe, to pray for

neg: Communion (religion) to those who have gone past death to be "away from the body and at home with the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:8) is a general belief among Christians. Their communion is believed to be "a vital fellowship between all the redeemed, on earth and in the next life, that is based on the common possession of the divine life of grace that comes to us through the risen Christ". Since the word rendered in English as "saints" can mean not only "holy people" but also "holy things", "communion of saints" also applies to the sharing by members of the church

neg: Canonization Canonization Canonization is the act by which a Christian church declares that a person who has died was a saint, upon which declaration the person is included in the "canon", or list, of recognized saints. Originally, a person was recognized as a saint without any formal process. Later, different processes were developed, such as those used today in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. The first persons honored as saints were the martyrs. Pious legends of their deaths were considered affirmations of the truth of their faith in Christ. The Roman

neg: Communion of saints the Faithful Departed". He "taught the propriety of Praying for the Dead, practised it himself, provided "Forms" that others might." It affirms that the 'saints in paradise' have full access to occurrences on earth. The Anglican Communion holds that baptized Christians "are ‘knit together’ with them ‘in one communion and fellowship in the mystical body of [Christ]’." The Church of Ireland teaches that: In Anglican liturgy, "worship is addressed to God alone" and the Anglican Communion "does not pray to the saints but with the saints". However, Anglicans pray "for" (the dead), because we still hold them in our love,

neg: Communion of saints or graces of the Church." Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist and Orthodox churches practice praying "for" the dead (as they interpret ). Reformed Churches do not pray for the dead. The Anglican tradition has been ambivalent about prayers for the dead historically, sometimes embracing and other times rejecting the practice. With regard to the various views held about the communion of saints, the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1908 wrote: Communion of saints The communion of saints (Latin, "communio sanctorum"), when referred to persons, is the spiritual union of the members of the Christian Church, living and the dead. They are all part

neg: Spiritual Communion Spiritual Communion Spiritual Communion is a Christian practice of desiring union with Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist. It is used as a preparation for Holy Mass and by individuals who cannot receive Holy Communion. This practice is well established in the Catholic Church and highly recommended by many saints, according to Pope John Paul II. He explained that practicing this constant desire for Jesus in the Eucharist is rooted in the ultimate perfection of Eucharistic communion, which is the ultimate goal of every human desire. St. Thomas Aquinas defined Spiritual Communion as “an ardent desire to receive Jesus in

neg: Communion of saints since then played a central role in formulations of the Christian creed. Belief in the communion of saints is affirmed in the Apostles' Creed. The word "sanctorum" in the phrase "communio sanctorum" can also be understood as referring not to "holy persons", but to "holy things", namely the blessings that the holy persons share with each other, including their faith, the sacraments and the other spiritual graces and gifts they have as Christians. The concept of the communion of saints is linked with Paul's teaching, as in and , that in Christ Christians form a single body. The New Testament

neg: Communion of saints Communion of saints The communion of saints (Latin, "communio sanctorum"), when referred to persons, is the spiritual union of the members of the Christian Church, living and the dead. They are all part of a single "mystical body", with Christ as the head, in which each member contributes to the good of all and shares in the welfare of all. The earliest known use of this term to refer to the belief in a mystical bond uniting both the living and the dead in a confirmed hope and love is by Saint Nicetas of Remesiana (ca. 335–414); the term has

neg: Communion of saints word ἅγιος ("hagios") translated into English as "saint" can refer to Christians, who, whatever their personal sanctity as individuals, are called holy because they are consecrated to God and Christ. This usage of the word "saints" is found some fifty times in the New Testament. The Heidelberg Catechism, citing , and , claims that all members of Christ have communion with him, and are recipients of all his gifts. And the Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "'Since all the faithful form one body, the good of each is communicated to the others... We must therefore believe that there exists

neg: Communion of saints a communion of goods in the Church. But the most important member is Christ, since he is the head... Therefore, the riches of Christ are communicated to all the members, through the sacraments.' 'As this Church is governed by one and the same Spirit, all the goods she has received necessarily become a common fund.'" The persons who are linked in this communion include those who have died and whom pictures as a cloud of witnesses encompassing Christians on earth. In the same chapter, says Christians on earth "have come to Mount Zion, and to the city of the living

neg: Calendar of saints (Church of England) and post-Reformation periods, the title "Saint" is not used at all in the calendar, even with reference to those who have always been known by that title, for example the Apostles. The ninth Lambeth Conference held in 1958 clarified the commemoration of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church in the Anglican Communion. Resolution 79 stated: There is no single calendar for the various churches making up the Anglican Communion; each makes its own calendar suitable for its local situation. As a result, the calendar here contains a number of figures important in the history of the English church. Calendars

neg: Iconostasis It is also not uncommon to find an icon of the "Mystical Supper", which depicts the Last Supper, and by extension the Communion of Saints in the Kingdom of God, somewhere above the Beautiful Gates. The Sovereign tier is always present, but all the others may be omitted. Preference is given to the Deisis or the Feasts tiers if only some of them can be included. Only the largest and most elaborate iconostases include all five. There are rules regarding who may enter or leave the sanctuary (altar), and by which door. Neither the Beautiful Gates (Holy/Royal Doors – central

neg: Saints in Anglicanism by some Anglicans following the English Reformation, after which he was referred to as a martyr and included briefly in a calendar of the Book of Common Prayer. This canonisation is, however, considered neither universal nor official in the Anglican Communion worldwide, and many national Churches list him as a martyr and not a Saint, or as neither. There are several persons commemorated in the modern Anglican calendars who were opposed to the Roman Catholic Church. Of particular note are John Wycliffe and William Tyndale, for beginning the full translation of the Bible into English (a project which led to

neg: Lorenzo Ruiz of brain atrophy (hydrocephalus) at the age of two, after her family and supporters prayed to Ruiz for his intercession. She was diagnosed with the condition shortly after birth and was treated at University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center. Lorenzo Ruiz is included in American painter John Nava's "Communion of Saints Tapestries", a depiction of 135 saints and "beati" which hangs inside the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California. On 28 September 2007, the Catholic Church celebrated the 20th anniversary of Ruiz's canonisation. Then-archbishop of Manila Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales said: ""Kahit saan

neg: Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church (Pocahontas, Iowa) made to the church in 1957 which included new floors, pews, altar, and communion rail. It was redecorated in 1964 and changes were made a couple years later which reflected the liturgical changes inspired by the Second Vatican Council. The altar was changed so the priest could face the congregation. By 1975 Pocahontas no longer needed two parishes, let alone a national parish for Bohemians. Bishop Frank Greteman merged both Saints Peter and Paul and Sacred Heart in Pocahontas into one parish named Resurrection of Our Lord. Both churches were initially used for liturgy. Saints Peter and Paul Church was

neg: All Saints Church, East Sheen All Saints Church, East Sheen All Saints Church, East Sheen is a church in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, located at the junction of East Sheen Avenue and Park Avenue in East Sheen. All Saints Church is a member of the Anglican Communion and the Church of England and the style of worship is Modern Catholic. There are three regular Sunday services at 8:00am, 10:00am and at midday. Built to serve the growing suburb of East Sheen, the building's foundation stone was laid on 28 October 1928 by Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (who was then the Duchess of York and

neg: Calendar of saints (Church of England) Calendar of saints (Church of England) The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the General Roman Calendar, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable (often post-Reformation) Christians who have not been canonised by Rome, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin. There are differences in the calendars of other churches of the Anglican Communion (see Saints in Anglicanism). The only person canonised in a near-conventional sense by the Church of England since the English Reformation is St Charles the Martyr (King Charles I), although he is

neg: Josiah Royce Pauline Christianity, in its universalized and modernized form, from the critique of Nietzsche and others who tended to understand will in terms of power and who had claimed that the historic doctrine was no longer believable to the modern mind. Striking in this work is the temporal account the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church and the communion of saints as a universal community. This community is a process of mutually interpretive activity which requires shared memory and hope. In seeking to show the reality of the invisible community, perhaps Royce was seeking communion with his departed son Christopher and

neg: Communion of saints of the Holy Trinity all Christians could be called saints; especially in the early Church as long as they were baptized in the name of the Holy Trinity, they received the Seal of the Spirit in chrismation and frequently participated in the Eucharist." Theologians classify six categories of saints within Eastern Orthodoxy: The Armenian Orthodox Church understands the communion of saints to have a twofold sense: "first, of the union of members of the Church with the Head Christ; and, secondly, of the mutual help and support of these same members in obtaining enjoying, and preserving the common good things

neg: Eucharist in the Catholic Church food which is blessed by the prayer of His word, and from which our blood and flesh by transmutation are nourished, is the flesh and blood of that Jesus who was made flesh." As Justin indicated, the word "Eucharist" is from the Greek word εὐχαριστία ("eucharistia"), which means "thanksgiving". Catholics typically restrict the term 'communion' to the reception of the Body and Blood of Christ by the communicants during the celebration of the Mass and to the communion of saints. Earlier still, in about 106, Saint Ignatius of Antioch criticized those who "abstain from the Eucharist and the public prayer,

neg: Eucharist to receive a blessing from the priest, instead of receiving Holy Communion. As a matter of local convention, this practice can also be found in Roman Catholic churches in the United States for Catholics who find themselves, for whatever reason, not in a position to receive the Eucharist itself, as well as for non-Catholics, who are not permitted to receive it. Most Latter-Day Saint churches practice closed communion; one notable exception is the Community of Christ, the second-largest denomination in this movement. While The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the largest of the LDS denominations) technically practice a

neg: Thanksgiving after Communion is personally with us as long as the appearance of bread and wine remains." Through the years, the saints have varied in their recommendation as regards the amount of time to be spent in thanksgiving. In this matter, though, it should be noted that daily Communion only became the practice after a decree of Pope Pius X in 1905. A number of saints referred to an hour of thanksgiving. St. Alphonsus specifically advises everyone to devote at least half an hour to it, if it is at all possible. "There is no prayer more agreeable to God, or more profitable

neg: All Saints Church, Watermillock in memory of Mr T.E. Forster. The organ was made by Wilkinson of Kendal in 1888. The choir stalls, pulpit, pews and west end screen, all date from 1881. The communion table was made in 1970. In 1889, the Spring Rice Window was installed in memory of Lady Farrer (née Evelyn Mary Spring Rice), the widow of Thomas Farrer, 2nd Baron Farrer, who had been born in Watermillock. The church contains stone memorials to Sir Cecil Spring Rice and his brother, Lt. Gerald Spring Rice. All Saints Church, Watermillock All Saints Church is a Grade II listed Church of England

neg: Fellowships of the remnants be opened unto him, and the Lord will teach him face to face, and he may have a perfect knowledge of the mysteries of the Kingdom of God; and this is the state and place the ancient Saints arrived at when they had such glorious visions-Isaiah, Ezekiel, John upon the Isle of Patmos, St. Paul in the three heavens, and all the Saints who held communion with the general assembly and Church of the First Born [TPJS, pp. 150-51]."The Lord has counseled his Saints to "seek his face" (D&C 101:37-38). No sinful person can endure his presence, and hence will

neg: History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I of the same matters made some of the issues a matter of authority. Convocation opened on 15 January 1562/3 with a sermon by William Day; he was one of leaders, prominent with Alexander Nowell (who had preached the day before at the opening of Parliament) and Thomas Sampson, of the reformers. Further reforms put forward included: 1) a reduction in the number of saints' days; 2) the elimination of vestments; 3) the elimination of kneeling at communion; 4) the elimination of "emergency baptism" of sickly newborns; and 5) the elimination of organs from churches. The emerging "Puritan" faction achieved nothing

neg: Paten him and places it on the Antimension. During the Anaphora, only the Lamb is consecrated. At Holy Communion, the clergy partake of their portions of the Lamb directly from the diskos, but for the Communion of the faithful, the remainder of the Lamb is cut into small portions and placed in the chalice, from which the priest distributes Communion using the spoon. After Communion, the Deacon holds the diskos above the holy chalice and recites hymns of the Resurrection. Then he wipes the remaining particles (for the saints, living and departed) into the chalices saying the words: "Wash away, O

neg: Saint Eve, Moses, the various prophets, except for the angels and archangels are all given the title of "Saint". Sainthood in the Orthodox Church does not necessarily reflect a moral model, but the communion with God: there are countless examples of people who lived in great sin and became saints by humility and repentance, such as Mary of Egypt, Moses the Ethiopian, and of course Dysmas, the repentant thief who was crucified. Therefore, a more complete definition of what a saint is, has to do with the way that saints, through their humility and their love of humankind, saved inside them

neg: Folk saint and marginalized communities than in affluent ones. Nor are folk saints found in shrines to the canonical saints, though the reverse is often true: it is not uncommon for a folk saint's shrine to be decorated with images of other folk saints as well as members of the official Catholic communion. Shrines in the home, too, frequently include official and unofficial saints together. Graziano explains: Folk saint Folk saints are dead people or other spiritually powerful entities (such as indigenous spirits) venerated as saints but not officially canonized. Since they are saints of the "folk", or the "populus", they are

neg: Isabella Gilmore Isabella Gilmore Isabella Gilmore (née Morris; 1842–1923) was an English churchwoman who oversaw the revival of the Deaconess Order in the Anglican Communion. Isabella served actively in the poorest parishes in South London for almost two decades and she is remembered with a commemoration in the Calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on 16 April. She was the sister of William Morris. Isabella Gilmore was born in London in 1842. Her mother was Emma Morris "née" Shelton, daughter of Joseph Shelton, a teacher of music in Worcester. Her father was William Morris, a partner in the

neg: Saints in Anglicanism Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion has special holy days in honour of Jesus Christ, the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Apostles. Many of the parish churches in the Communion have the names Christ Church, and St. Mary the Virgin. The same can also be said for the four great patrons of Great Britain and Ireland, Saint George (England), Saint David (Wales), Saint Patrick (Ireland), and Saint Andrew (Scotland). English and local saints are often emphasised, and there are differences between the provinces' calendars. King Charles I of England is the only person to have been treated as a new saint

neg: All Souls' Day the Church of England it is called The Commemoration of the Faithful Departed (All Souls' Day) and is an optional celebration; Anglicans view All Souls' Day as an extension of the observance of All Saints' Day and it serves to "remember those who have died", in connection with the theological doctrines of the resurrection of the body and the Communion of Saints. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the associated Eastern Catholic Churches, it is celebrated several times during the year and is not associated with the month of November. Beliefs and practices associated with All Souls' Day vary widely

neg: Theodore of Amasea after Holy Communion and the antidoron, is the first food eaten after the strict fasting of the first week. Books mentioned Articles Notes Theodore of Amasea Saint Theodore of Amasea () is one of the two recognized saints called Theodore who are venerated as warrior saints and Great Martyrs in the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. He is also known as Theodore Tyron (or Tyro or Tiron or Tiro or Teron; ). The other saint of the same name is Theodore Stratelates, also known as Theodore of Heraclea, but this second St Theodore may never have had a separate existence.

neg: All Saints' Day Holy Ones". All Saints' Day All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, Hallowmas, the Feast of All Saints, or Solemnity of All Saints, is a Christian festival celebrated in honour of all the saints, known and unknown. In Western Christianity, it is celebrated on 1 November by the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Methodist Church, the Lutheran Church, the Reformed Church, and other Protestant churches. The Eastern Orthodox Church and associated Eastern Catholic Churches and Byzantine Lutheran Churches celebrate it on the first Sunday after Pentecost. Oriental Orthodox churches of Chaldea and associated Eastern Catholic churches

neg: All Saints' Day All Saints' Day All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, Hallowmas, the Feast of All Saints, or Solemnity of All Saints, is a Christian festival celebrated in honour of all the saints, known and unknown. In Western Christianity, it is celebrated on 1 November by the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Methodist Church, the Lutheran Church, the Reformed Church, and other Protestant churches. The Eastern Orthodox Church and associated Eastern Catholic Churches and Byzantine Lutheran Churches celebrate it on the first Sunday after Pentecost. Oriental Orthodox churches of Chaldea and associated Eastern Catholic churches celebrate All

neg: Spiritual Communion the Holy Sacrament and a loving embrace as though we had already received Him.” The basis of this practice was explained by Pope John Paul II in his encyclical, "Ecclesia de Eucharistia": Thus, the passionate desire for God, whom the saints have seen as the Sole Satisfier, and who in the Eucharist is the "summit and source of the Christian life", is at the root of this practice. The experience of St. Padre Pio illustrates the compelling desire felt by the saints in the face of the drawing and attracting power of God's love: “My heart feels as if it

neg: Intercession of saints Intercession of saints Intercession of the saints is a doctrine held by the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. The practice of praying through saints can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century onwards. The 4th-century Apostles' Creed states belief in the communion of saints, which certain Christian churches interpret as supporting the intercession of saints. As in Christianity, this practice is controversial in Judaism and Islam. Advocates of the doctrine say that Jesus' parable of The Rich Man and Lazarus in Luke 16:19–31 indicates the ability of the dead to pray for the living. The

neg: Communion of saints disapprove of the application "ex opere operato" of the Lord's Supper on behalf of the dead." The largest Lutheran denomination in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, "remembers the faithful departed in the Prayers of the People every Sunday, including those who have recently died and those commemorated on the church calendar of saints". In Funeral rites of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, "deceased are prayed for" using "commendations: 'keep our sister/brother ... in the company of all your saints. And at the last ... raise her/him up to share with all the faithful the endless joy and

neg: Roman Breviary in France, and succeeded in modifying about half the Breviaries of that country. Historically, this proceeded from the labours of Jean de Launoy (1603–1678), "le dénicheur des saints", and Louis Sébastien le Nain de Tillemont, who had shown the falsity of numerous lives of the saints; while theologically it was produced by the Port Royal school, which led men to dwell more on communion with God as contrasted with the invocation of the saints. This was mainly carried out by the adoption of a rule that all antiphons and responses should be in the exact words of Scripture, which, of

neg: Saint 50 years must pass following a prospective saint's death before the Coptic Orthodox Church's pope can canonize the saint. In the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement, the title of Saint refers to a person who has been elevated by popular opinion as a pious and holy person. The saints are seen as models of holiness to be imitated, and as a 'cloud of witnesses' that strengthen and encourage the believer during his or her spiritual journey (). The saints are seen as elder brothers and sisters in Christ. Official Anglican creeds recognise the existence of the saints in

neg: Thomas Traherne process of sainthood and canonisation as is found in the Roman Catholic tradition, but has frequently "recognised or 'canonised’ people of great holiness, sometimes by a formal process and sometimes by popular acclamation or local custom. In commemoration of his poems and spiritual writings, Thomas Traherne is included in the Calendar of Saints in many national churches within the Anglican Communion. The commemoration of Traherne is held on either 27 September (the date of his death) or 10 October (the date of his burial). In 2009 the General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States approved the following

neg: Intercession of saints virtues. However, they strongly reject invoking or asking help of saints. The Augsburg Confession emphasizes that Christ is the only mediator between God and man, and that he is the one to address prayers to. Nevertheless, within the apology to the Augsburg Confession (article XXI), the intercession of the Saints is assumed, though direct invocation is condemned. Like the Lutheran churches, the Calvinist and other Reformed churches understand the "communion of saints" mentioned in the Apostles' Creed to comprise all believers, the living as well as the dead.<br> Invocation of saints is considered to be a transgression of the First

neg: Intercession healing is specifically mentioned, among the other charismata, as a sign of being a true Christian by Irenaeus of Lyons in his text, "Against Heresies". Intercession of the saints is a doctrine held by the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches that saints may be asked to intercede (or pray) for others. The doctrine of requesting intercession from saints can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century AD. The 4th-century Apostles' Creed states belief in the communion of saints which certain Christian churches interpret as supporting the intercession of saints. Following the stream of Judaic-Christian tradition,

neg: Censure (canon law) for, even if censured, the eternal communion of the saints still remains by virtue of the indelible character imprinted by baptism. Thus, to distinguish the various effects of the three censures: Excommunication may be inflicted on clerics and laymen and excludes from the communion of the faithful, prohibits also the use of all spiritual goods in which the faithful participate as members of the visible body whose visible head is the Roman Pontiff. Suspension is for clerics only, leaves them participating in the communion of the faithful, but directly prohibits them from the active use of sacred things, i.e., as

neg: Intercession of saints up before God from the hand of the angel". Both those for and against the intercession of saints quote Job 5:1. Roman Catholic Church doctrine supports intercessory prayer to saints. Intercessory prayer to saints also plays an important role in the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. Also some Anglo-Catholics believe in saintly intercession. This practice is an application of the Catholic doctrine of the Communion of Saints. It is understood that some of the early basis for this was the belief that martyrs passed immediately into the presence of God, and could obtain graces and blessings for others. A

neg: All Saints Church, East Sheen was installed in her memory in 1996. The terracotta Stations of the Cross were sculpted by Nathan David. The church has a lady chapel which is used for the early morning service on Sundays and for other services during the week. There is also a church hall. All Saints Church, East Sheen All Saints Church, East Sheen is a church in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, located at the junction of East Sheen Avenue and Park Avenue in East Sheen. All Saints Church is a member of the Anglican Communion and the Church of England and the style

neg: Calendar of saints (Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil) at all in IEAB's calendar, even with reference to those who are generally known by that title, such as the Apostles or the early Christian saints. There is no single, unified calendar for the various provinces of the Anglican Communion; each makes its own calendar suitable for its local situation. As a result, the following calendar contains some important figures in the history of Brazil, such as Black warrior Zumbi dos Palmares, Native warrior Sepé Tiaraju, and environmentalist Chico Mendes. At the same time, there are figures from other provinces as well as post-Reformation Catholics, such as nun Dulce Pontes.

neg: Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor The Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor is a religious order of sisters in the Anglican Communion, active in England and the United States of America. In 2009 many of the American sisters were received into the Roman Catholic Church. The Society was established in 1851 in the parish of All Saints, Margaret Street in London by Harriet Brownlow Byron. The sisters were employed in parish work, particularly among the poor and underprivileged. The convent in Margaret Street still stands. In 1879, Father Richard Meux Benson invited the All Saints

neg: Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor of the Society. The Anglican and Roman Catholic sisters still live together in their convent in Catonsville, Maryland. The community of Roman Catholic All Saints sisters was canonically erected as a Religious Institute on 1 November 2011. Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor The Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor is a religious order of sisters in the Anglican Communion, active in England and the United States of America. In 2009 many of the American sisters were received into the Roman Catholic Church. The Society was established in 1851 in the parish of All Saints, Margaret

neg: Jean-Marie Valentin Godefroy, whilst those in the choir included Aaron and Melchisédech. For this church in Dinard Valentin created the main altar with a bas-relief depicting Jesus giving communion to hie apostles, This was badly damaged during the 1944 bombings but is still kept standing in the church. The composition includes large statues of saint Enogat and saint Clément, the patrol saints of the parish. For the same church Valentin created the pulpit decorated with three large statues, several statuettes and bas-reliefs. This work of 1890 is perhaps Valentin's most famous work. The original tomb in Tréguier cathedral had been destroyed during

neg: All Saints' Day mother church of the Anglican Communion, it is a Principal Feast and may be celebrated either on 1 November or on the Sunday between 30 October and 5 November. It is also celebrated by other Protestants of the English tradition, such as the United Church of Canada, the Methodist churches and the Wesleyan Church. Protestants disagree with the idea of "saints" as understood in the Roman Catholic tradition, and generally commemorate all Christians on All Saints' Day; if they observe All Saints Day at all, they use it to remember all Christians both past and present. In the United Methodist

neg: Saints Cyril and Methodius saints' feast day is celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox Church on 11 May and by the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion on 14 February as "Saints Cyril and Methodius Day". The Lutheran Churches of Western Christianity commemorate the two saints either on 14 February or 11 May. The Byzantine Rite Lutheran Churches celebrate Saints Cyril and Methodius Day on 24 May. The national library of Bulgaria in Sofia, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in the Republic of Macedonia, and St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo in Bulgaria and in Trnava, Slovakia, bear the

neg: Communion (religion) are not united, but have only entered into an arrangement whereby members of each church have certain rights within the other. If a church recognizes that another church, with which it lacks bonds of pastoral governance, shares with it some of the beliefs and essential practices of Christianity, it may speak of "partial communion" between it and the other church. The communion of saints is the relationship that, according to the belief of Christians, exists between them as people made holy by their link with Christ. That this relationship extends not only to those still in earthly life, but also

neg: Presbyterianism occur. Prosperous congregations built imposing churches, such as Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago and Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City, and many others. Usually a Presbyterian church will not have statues of saints, nor the ornate altar more typical of a Roman Catholic church. Instead, one will find a "communion table," usually on the same level as the congregation. There may be a rail between the communion table and the "Chancel" behind it, which may contain a more decorative altar-type table, choir loft, or choir stalls, lectern and clergy area. The altar is called the communion table and

neg: Thanksgiving after Communion eternal joy, unalloyed gladness, and perfect bliss. Through the same Christ our Lord. Amen. After receiving Communion, many of the saints would spend an extended time of thanksgiving. Magdalena de Pazzi wrote, "The minutes that follow Communion are the most precious we have in our lives." St. Teresa of Ávila urged her daughters not to rush out after Mass but to treasure the opportunity for thanksgiving: "Let us detain ourselves lovingly with Jesus," she said, "and not waste the hour that follows Communion." St. Louis de Montfort wrote, "I would not give up this hour of Thanksgiving even for an

neg: Apostolic succession dating back to the apostles or to leaders from the apostolic era, include the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East, the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches (see below), the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and other smaller bodies incorporating the term "Catholic". The Anglican Communion (see below) and those Lutheran churches which claim apostolic succession do not specifically teach this but exclusively practice episcopal ordination. While some Anglicans claim it for their communion, their views are often nuanced and there is widespread reluctance to 'unchurch' Christian bodies which

neg: Saints in Anglicanism Churches also commemorate various famous (often post-Reformation) Christians. The West front of Westminster Abbey, for example, contains statues of 20th-century martyrs like Maximilian Kolbe, Martin Luther King Jr., Óscar Romero, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Lucian Tapiedi (one of the Anglican New Guinea Martyrs). The ninth Lambeth Conference held in 1958 clarified the commemoration of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church in the Anglican Communion. Resolution 79 stated: The following have been identified as heroes of the Christian Church in the Anglican Communion (post-reformation individuals commemorated in the Church of England Calendar, excluding those primarily venerated by the Roman Catholic or

neg: Great White Brotherhood Creme. The idea of a secret organization of enlightened mystics, guiding the spiritual development of the human race, was pioneered in the late eighteenth century by Karl von Eckartshausen (1752-1803) in his book "The Cloud upon the Sanctuary"; Eckartshausen called this body of mystics, who remained active after their physical deaths on earth, the "Council of Light". Eckartshausen's proposed communion of living and dead mystics, in turn, drew partially on Christian ideas such as the Communion of the Saints, and partially on previously circulating European ideas about secret societies of enlightened, mystical, or magic adepts typified by the Rosicrucians and

neg: All Saints Church, Billesley by Richard Sanders. When the church was active in 1945, its communion plate included a cup and cover dated 1634, and an alms plate inscribed 1700. Investigators looking through the church floor have found a crypt and have seen inside two sarcophagi and a chest; the crypt has not been opened in recent history but plans are underway to open it in 2011 as part of an inspection of the state of the church floor. There is a tradition that William Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway in the earlier church on the site, and also that Shakespeare's granddaughter Elizabeth Barnard was

neg: Intercession of saints Theologians within the Anglican Communion make a clear distinction between a "Romish" doctrine concerning the invocation of saints and what they view as the "Patristic" doctrine of intercession of the saints, permitting the latter, but forbidding the former. The bishop William Forbes termed the Anglican practice "advocation of the saints", meaning "asking for the saints to pray with them and on their behalf, not praying to them". The Lutheran confessions approve honouring the saints by thanking God for examples of his mercy, by using the saints as examples for strengthening the believers' faith, and by imitating their faith and other

neg: Teachings of Opus Dei of the human heart;" (3) Christ is a Savior who is "madly in love" with us and who is the one most interested in that we live in communion with him in infinite bliss: "He chose us in him before the foundation of the world, to be saints and blameless in his sight" (Eph 1:4). Through his love and redemption, he has given us the immense dignity of being "children of God"; (4) "This Christ who is alive is also a Christ who is near," says Ratzinger of Escrivá's thought, "a Christ in whom the power and majesty of God

neg: Valentine's Day celebrated as St. Valentine's Day in various Christian denominations; it has, for example, the rank of 'commemoration' in the calendar of saints in the Anglican Communion. In addition, the feast day of Saint Valentine is also given in the calendar of saints of the Lutheran Church. However, in the 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, the feast day of Saint Valentine on February 14 was removed from the General Roman Calendar and relegated to particular (local or even national) calendars for the following reason: "Though the memorial of Saint Valentine is ancient, it is left to particular

neg: All Saints Church, Otterhampton was added later and has an Elizabethan bell-frame with 4 bells, one of which dates from the 16th century and two others are dated 1617 and 1737. The original dedication was to Saint Peter, however it was later renamed All Saints. The interior includes a Norman font with a Jacobean cover, a screen from the 16th century, and 17th-century communion rails. It was closed in 1988, and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. All Saints Church, Otterhampton All Saints Church in Otterhampton, Somerset, England, overlooks the River Parrett. The church dates from the 14th century. It

neg: Litany of the Saints of Baptism, or simple Reception, with Confirmation and Holy Communion. Following the readings from Scripture and just before the actual rite of baptism or confirmation, the Litany of Saints is sung. Even if there is no-one to be baptized, the Litany may be sung for the blessing of holy water in the font. But if the font is not blessed ("i.e." holy water is blessed in a simple container on the sanctuary), the Litany is not used. The Litany given for the Easter Vigil in the Roman Missal contains a shortened list of saints: A severely abbreviated form of the

neg: All Saints Church, Thurgarton and communion rails with balusters. The font is medieval with an 18th-century cover. All Saints Church, Thurgarton All Saints' Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Thurgarton, Norfolk, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands in an isolated position on a crossroads north of the village, south of Cromer, to the west of the A140 road. The church dates from the 14th century. The west tower fell in 1882, and was replaced by

neg: Patriarch Samarkand. The title of "Patriarch" is assumed also by the leaders of certain relatively recent groups, who are in communion with none of the historic Christian Churches. Many, but not necessarily all such patriarchs are church leaders of the independent Catholic Churches: In the Latter Day Saint movement, a patriarch is one who has been ordained to the office of patriarch in the Melchizedek priesthood. The term is considered synonymous with the term evangelist, a term favored by the Community of Christ. In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, one of the patriarch's primary responsibilities is to give

neg: Saints in Anglicanism used to refer to those holy people whom the church synod or an individual church praises as having had special benevolence who have lived and died since the split with Rome. It considers such muted terms a reversion to a more simple and cautious doctrine which emphasises empowerment (subsidiarity) to all members and components of the church. The provinces of the Anglican Communion therefore commemorate many of the saints in the General Roman Calendar, often on the same days. In some cases, Anglican Calendars have kept pre-1954 celebratory days that the Roman Catholic Church abolished or moved. Like the Roman

neg: In Splendoribus Sanctorum In Splendoribus Sanctorum The chant In splendoribus sanctorum is the communion chant for the propers of Christmas midnight mass, sung during the distribution of holy communion. This short chant is a rare example of pure pentatonic music used in chant, and for this reason it is impossible to say which mode it belongs to. The Latin text of the chant, a passage from Psalm 110 (Vulgate 109) in the Old Testament, is: "In splendoribus sanctorum, ex utero, ante luciferum, genui te" which in English may be rendered "in the brightness of the saints: from the womb before the day star

neg: Peter Akinola Anglican Communion as "Communion with all Anglican Churches, Dioceses and Provinces that hold and maintain the Historic Faith, Doctrine, Sacrament and Discipline of the one Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.". In a later press release, Akinola clarified "We want to state that our intention in amending the 2002 Constitution of the Church of Nigeria was to make clear that we are committed to the historic faith once delivered to the Saints, practice and the traditional formularies of the Church. ... We treasure our place within the worldwide family of the Anglican Communion but we are distressed by the unilateral actions

neg: Isabella Gilmore the Archbishop of Canterbury, foretold, "Some day, those who know best will be able to trace much of the origin and root of the revival of the Deaconess Order to the life, work, example and words of Isabella Gilmore. For this let us give thanks: I feel sure it is most meet and right so to do." Isabella Gilmore is remembered with a commemoration in the Calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on 16 April. Isabella Gilmore Isabella Gilmore (née Morris; 1842–1923) was an English churchwoman who oversaw the revival of the Deaconess Order in the

neg: Indulgence of: The minimum condition for gaining a partial indulgence is to be contrite in heart; on this condition, a Catholic who performs the work or recites the prayer in question is granted, through the Church, remission of temporal punishment equal to that obtained by the person's own action. Since those who have died in the state of grace (with all mortal sins forgiven) are members of the communion of saints, the living (members of the Churches Militant) can assist those whose purification from their sins was not yet completed at the time of death through prayer but also by obtaining

neg: Christian Church longer part of the Church Militant and not yet part of the Church Triumphant. The communion of saints (Latin: "communio sanctorum") is the spiritual union of the members of the Christian Church, living and the dead. It is a union in faith and prayer that binds all Christians regardless of geographical distance or separation by death. In Catholic theology, this union encompasses the Church Militant, the Church Triumphant, and the Church Suffering. "Apostolic succession" is a doctrine of the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox churches, the Moravian Church, the Scandinavian Lutheran Churches, Anglican Communion, and others.

neg: Faversham Parish Church of only a few churches outside London where an English king was interred), nationally important misericords in the Quire, a rare medieval painted pillar and a recently installed altar dedicated to Saints Crispin and Crispinian. In 1950 it was listed Grade I by English Heritage. The church supports a strong choral tradition with a choir of adults and children who sing Anglican Matins, Evensong and Communion. The current Director of Music is James Brown. The choir is affiliated with the RSCM and currently has three singers who hold the highest RSCM award, the Gold Award. Faversham Parish Church St Mary

neg: Kirklevington away in Yarm, with approximately 1,300 pupils of ages 11 – 18. St Martin and St Hilary Church is located on Forest Lane and Pump Lane and can be viewed from the A67. It is an English Heritage Grade II* Listed Building that was re-built in 1882 but still has parts dated to the 12th and 13th century. The Church is mainly associated with St Mary Magdalene Yarm and All Saints Worsall however has connections to Crathorne, Hutton Rugby and Middleton. Service times are: 1st Sunday 08:00 - Holy Communion 2nd Sunday 11:00 - Holy Communion 4th Sunday 11:00 -

neg: Calendar of saints (Anglican Church of Canada) the history of the Anglican Communion, without thereby enrolling or commending such persons as saints of the Church." The 1962 revision added twenty-six post-Reformation individuals, as well as commemorations of the first General Synod and of "The Founders, Benefactors, and Missionaries of the Church in Canada." Of the calendar days, twenty-eight were highlighted as "red-letter days" — that is, days of required observation. With the publication of the Book of Alternative Services (BAS) in 1985, a revised and expanded calendar was introduced. This was supplemented, in 1994, with the publication of "For All The Saints"; a book of propers, short

neg: St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Chester circumstances permitted. The new chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury, was consecrated on 4 April 1872 by William Jacobson, Bishop of Chester. Licence for the solemnization of marriages in St Thomas' church was granted on 3 March 1877. Services there included holy communion at least once a month on Sundays and on saints' days, as well as morning and evening prayer. In 1880 the parishioners responded to the suggestion of the Dean and Chapter, first made in 1868, and agreed to surrender their rights in the south transept of the cathedral and make St. Thomas's the parish church. Christmas

neg: All Saints Church, West Ham in that area at that time, whilst wall paintings found in the nave during 19th century restorations probably also date to the 15th century. Around 1547 the churchwardens sold some of the church's communion plate and a property in Stratford to fund a rebuilding of the north chapel in brick, without the parish' permission - this included a turret for a stairwell into a rood screen on its north side. The Protestant Thomas Rose was made its vicar in 1552. One of the present building's three fonts was added in 1707. In 1710 a west gallery was added, with an

neg: Morning Prayer (Anglican) the Litany of the Saints, sung in procession. Following the Reformation, the usual Sunday Service followed a similar pattern, but with the English Litany said between Morning Prayer and Holy Communion. On Sundays when there was no celebration of Communion (i.e. most of them), only the ante-Communion would be said. Even so, — and taking into account the legal requirement to read one from the specified set of printed Homilies — the post-Reformation service lasted more than twice as long as its pre-Reformation equivalent. Historically, Morning Prayer was the main Sunday morning service on most Sundays in all Anglican parishes,

neg: Book of Divine Worship Saints. The Proper of the Mass included the appointed Introit, Collect, Gradual, Alleluia or Tract, Offertory, and Communion. The Epistle and Gospel readings for Sunday were to be taken from the Revised Roman Missal. There were optional rubrics before each rite. The Ordinary of the Mass was very much the same as in the Roman Rite and the 1979 "Book of Common Prayer", with the Kyrie eleison, Gloria in excelsis, Credo, Sanctus - Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. The Canon used was the Eucharistic Prayer I from the present Latin Rite Mass. The "Book of Divine Worship" was seen as US-centric

neg: Marian devotions to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. In 787 the Second Council of Nicaea affirmed a three-level hierarchy of "latria", "hyperdulia" and "dulia" that applies to God, the Virgin Mary and then to the other saints. There is no single church with universal authority within the Anglican Communion; different types of Marian devotions are practiced by various groups of Anglicans with varying degrees of emphasis. Within the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement, devotions to the Virgin Mary have more emphasis within High Church and Broad Church parishes than others. The

neg: French Orthodox Church recognition of each other's saints, liturgical rites, and customs, as well as the free interchangeability of clergy. The major political head of the church is Caroline Kiser. French Orthodox Church The French Orthodox Church (FOC; , EOF) is a self-governing Western Orthodox church formed in 1975. The church's current first hierarch is Bishop Martin (Laplaud), the abbot of the Orthodox Monastery of St Michel du Var. The EOF has communities in France, Brazil, and the French-speaking Caribbean. The is in full communion with the Orthodox Church of the Gauls and the Celtic Orthodox Church through the Communion of Western Orthodox

neg: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis apse at Saint John with "The Angels of Glory" (white-robed angels and halo-crowned seraphs). L. Chovet of Paris, France, provided paintings for the Stations of the Cross. In 1971, on the centennial anniversary of its dedication, the interior of the church was refurbished with the generosity of Monsignor Charles P. Koster. Alterations to adapt the church for the Novus Ordo included removal of the pre-Vatican II communion rail, repositioning the altar to allow the priest to face the congregation, and moving the baptismal font to the left transept. Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral Parish serves as the seat of the

neg: Universal call to holiness no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me” (Gal 2:20). Following their example, seeking their intercession, entering into communion with them, “brings us closer to Christ, so our companionship with the saints joins us to Christ, from whom as from their fountain and head issue every grace and the life of the People of God itself” (cf. Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, n. 50). At the end of this series of Catecheses, therefore, I would like to offer some thoughts on what holiness is. What does it mean to be holy? Who

neg: Third order but rather represents that portion of the Order of Penance which came under Dominican influence. At first vaguely constituted and living without system or form, its members gradually grew more and more dependent on their spiritual guides. Their two greatest saints are Catherine of Siena and Rose of Lima, who both lived ascetic lives in their family homes, and whose spiritual influence was great in their societies. The Order of Saint Dominic within the Anglican Communion is known as the Anglican Order of Preachers (Dominican), and holds to a third order-style structure for all of its members. Its members, who

neg: All Saints' Church, Runcorn from the old church was "a curiously designed table said to have been used as a communion table", two sanctuary chairs (one in Jacobean style), and a chest. In addition, a royal coat of arms of George III, and a benefaction board dating from about 1700 were moved from the old church. The oldest memorial is to two women described as "both good wives" who died in 1672. The next in age is a large tablet to the memory of Thomas Brooke, who died in 1737. Two memorials are by John Bacon; one to Sir Richard Brooke (died 1792) features

neg: All Saints Episcopal Church (San Leandro, California) Elmhurst, All Saints had a building but church attendance had dwindled. After negotiations between the two congregations, with the assistance of Bishop Parsons, plans were made to move the building to its present location in San Leandro. The move began in December 1935 and was completed in April 1936. At that time, the two congregations merged and became known as All Saints Episcopal Church, San Leandro. The Order of Dedication Services for all Saints was conducted January 26, 1936 by the Venerable W.R. Hodgkin, Archdeacon, followed by the celebration of Holy Communion with the Reverend J.M. Malloch being the celebrant.

neg: Book of Cerne is found in the Anglo-Saxon Creed dating to the 9th century. However, in addition to the doctrine of the Communion of Saints, other themes are embedded in the texts and images that include a penitential and Paschal element that emphasizes baptism and communion (Eucharist), as well as notions of forgiveness and salvation. The original early medieval Anglo-Saxon "core" of this codex is composed of six different, but conceptually inter-related sections or texts. In collational sequence, these sections are: Written in an Old English dialect, presumably Mercian, this text was to introduce the reader of this book to the main purpose

neg: Saint Thomas Christians to bring the Saint Thomas Christians into the Catholic Church led to the first of several rifts in the community. The majority of Nasranis joined in formal communion with Rome, to form the Syro-Malabar Church which is distinct and separate from the Western Latin Church but is one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The remaining group entered into a new communion with the Syriac Orthodox Church, to form an Oriental Orthodox (Malankara Church) Church. The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church follows the East Syriac Liturgy of the historic Church of the East, traditionally attributed to Saints Addai and Mari which dates back

neg: Elizabeth Ferard Elizabeth Ferard Elizabeth Catherine Ferard (22 February 1825 – 18 April 1883) was a Deaconess credited with revitalising the deaconess order in the Anglican Communion. She is now remembered in the Calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on either 3 or 18 July. Ferard was a gentlewoman from a prominent Huguenot family. Her father, Daniel Ferard (1788–1839), was a solicitor. Archibald Tait, then Bishop of London and later Archbishop of Canterbury, encouraged Elizabeth Ferard's religious vocation, particularly her visit to deaconess communities in Germany after the death of her invalid mother in 1858. Although St. Paul

neg: Elizabeth Ferard Andrew. In 1994, three of those Deacons were ordained as Priests. Elizabeth Ferard Elizabeth Catherine Ferard (22 February 1825 – 18 April 1883) was a Deaconess credited with revitalising the deaconess order in the Anglican Communion. She is now remembered in the Calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on either 3 or 18 July. Ferard was a gentlewoman from a prominent Huguenot family. Her father, Daniel Ferard (1788–1839), was a solicitor. Archibald Tait, then Bishop of London and later Archbishop of Canterbury, encouraged Elizabeth Ferard's religious vocation, particularly her visit to deaconess communities in Germany after

neg: María de Ajofrín were not allowed to administer services, so the idea that the Virgin Mary, a woman, is fulfilling this role is unlike the norm. No woman of the time was thought of as an equal to any member of the clergy, which makes María de Ajofrín stand out from other religious women. The vision that established María's credibility occurred on All Saints' Day in 1484. As she received Communion, she felt intense pain and cried out as a blade wound appeared on her forehead. After Communion, María had a vision of Christ enthroned and holding a double-edged sword in his mouth.

neg: St Anne's Cathedral, Belfast time, otherwise said Evening Prayer]; Evening Prayer Saturdays at 5:30 p.m. Holy Communion is also celebrated at 1:00pm on Wednesdays and Saints' Days and other Holy Days. On Sundays there are four services held in the cathedral, Holy Communion at 8.00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., Choral Eucharist at 11:00 a.m. and Choral Evensong at 3:30 p.m. The cathedral's organ with 4 manuals, is the second largest pipe-organ in Northern Ireland . It was built by Harrison and Harrison in 1907 and rebuilt in 1969-1975. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. St Anne's