query: when did shakespeare write the merchant of venice

pos: The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice (Antonio) must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for Shylock and the famous "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech on humanity. Also notable is Portia's speech about "the quality of

pos: The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare Festival, the play also marked that 500 years had passed since the Venetian Ghetto was instituted. The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice (Antonio) must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for Shylock and the famous

pos: The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice (Antonio) must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for Shylock and the famous "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech on humanity. Also notable is Portia's speech about "the quality of

neg: The Merchant of Venice 1989, and follows the events in "The Merchant of Venice". In this play Shylock gets his wealth back and becomes a Jew again. The "Star Trek" franchise sometimes quote and paraphrase Shakespeare, including "The Merchant of Venice". One example is the Shakespeare-aficionado Chang in "" (1991), a Klingon, who quotes Shylock. Steven Spielberg's "Schindler's List" (1993) depicts SS Lieutenant Amon Göth quoting Shylock's "Hath Not a Jew eyes?" speech when deciding whether or not to rape his Jewish maid. In David Fincher's 1995 crime thriller "Seven", a lawyer, Eli Gould, is coerced to remove a pound of his own flesh

neg: Breaking Dawn was going to work for me, so I surrendered to necessity and made up my own." Meyer states in regard to ending the series: The plays "The Merchant of Venice" and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespeare both influenced "Breaking Dawn". Meyer decided that Alice would write her instruction to Bella on a page from "The Merchant of Venice" to give a clue that the final confrontation at the end of the book would be a mental one—not a physical battle—like the one at the end of the play. It also hints that the novel would have a happy

neg: The Masque at Kenilworth and the ancient Greek poet Arion, who arrives astride a dolphin. A performance of the "summer night" scene from "The Merchant of Venice" is given, and then the Queen is sung lovingly to sleep. The "Merchant of Venice" scene is anachronistic, since Shakespeare was a young boy in 1575, but Chorley notes in his preface that Scott had also anachronistically used Shakespeare material. Chorley's effort was ridiculed as "trivial". In addition, Chorley faced much criticism over a misquote of "The Merchant of Venice" in No. 7, "Scene from "The Merchant of Venice"". Chorley's line reads: "Still quiring to the young-eyed

neg: Libby Appel Theatre, Syracuse Stage, Repertory Theatre of St. Louis, San Jose Repertory Theatre, Utah Shakespearean Festival, and the Alabama, Colorado and Kern Shakespeare Festivals. In 1995, Appel became the fourth artistic director in the company’s history, but had already directed a production of "The Merchant of Venice" in 1991. “I was the risky director who did "The Merchant of Venice" and rocked this theater,” she says. The Christian characters wore Armani-style suits and Shylock was presented as a yarmulke-wearing Orthodox Jew. “I’m an American Jew, and I had stayed away from "Merchant" all my life because of the anti-Semitism that surrounds

neg: The Merchant of Venice (opera) The Merchant of Venice (opera) The Merchant of Venice is an opera by André Tchaikowsky (1935–1982) to a libretto, based on the Shakespeare play, by John O'Brien. Written between 1968 and 1982, it was first performed in 2013 at the Bregenz Festival. The British premiere was presented by the Welsh National Opera in September 2016. Tchaikowsky, who was based in England after the 1950s, was a great admirer of Shakespeare, and was able to recite large stretches of his works from memory. His compositions include settings of seven of Shakespeare's "Sonnets", songs from "The Tempest", and incidental music for "Hamlet".

neg: Hans Heinrich von Twardowski Twardowski's acting career ended along with World War II. However, he continued to write and direct plays. He originally starred on stage as the Dauphin in Schiller's productions of "Die Jungfrau von Orleans". In the 1930s, Twardowski directed and appeared in the stage productions of "The Brothers Karamazov" and "Old Heidelberg" in the Pasadena Playhouse. In 1939, he wrote and produced a play in Brooklyn's St. Felix Street Playhouse called "Shakespeare Merchant - 1939", based on Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". Twardowski also sang tenor in a number of musicals. After his retirement from movies, Twardowski worked again as a

neg: Jessica (The Merchant of Venice) of Poetry". Malone responds that ""Sweet" is "pleasing", "delightful", and such is the meaning of "dulcis" in Horace." All references to "The Merchant of Venice", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Folger Shakespeare Library's "Folger Digital Texts" edition, edited by Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine. Under their referencing system, acts, scenes, and lines are marked in the text, so 2.6.34–40 would be Act 2, Scene 6, lines 34 through 40. Jessica (The Merchant of Venice) Jessica is the daughter of Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, in William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (). In the play, she elopes with Lorenzo,

neg: Emily Jordan Folger as the American Shakespeare Foundation, the Shakespeare Association of America, and the National Shakespeare Federation in the United States. The Folgers occasionally wrote Shakespearean actresses, like Ellen Terry and Julia Marlowe, to inquire about the purchase of manuscripts, props, and costumes used by the actresses. Among these acquisitions was the purple robe worn by Marlowe during her performance of Portia in The Merchant of Venice, which Emily wore when she prepared to bathe at the Homestead. Emily also kept a diary from 1906 to 1930 that recorded her responses to live performances of Shakespeare. The diary records Henry's reactions, as

neg: Kittredge Shakespeare Much Ado About Nothing" Released posthumously: "Henry V, The Merchant of Venice" Kittredge died in July 1941 at age 81, and was working on the original series of these books until shortly before he passed. In 1945, Arthur Colby Sprague, of Bryn Mawr College, edited volumes for "Henry V" and "The Merchant of Venice" from Kittredge's explanatory notes. "Sixteen Plays of Shakespeare", with a preface by Arthur Colby Sprague, was released as a single volume in 1946. This collection includes the full introductions and all of the notes, textural notes and play glossaries found in each individual volume. Between 1966

neg: The Merchant of Venice (opera) In his will he left his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company for use in productions of "Hamlet". Tchaikowsky met the theatre director John O'Brien in 1968 and they agreed to attempt an opera on "The Merchant". O'Brien has noted "At first it seemed odd that [Tchaikowsky], as a Jew, would want to take Shylock on, particularly at a time when there was a feeling that Shakespeare was anti-Semitic, which is a nonsensical thing anyway." Most of the opera was written by 1978, and following discussions with the music critic Hans Keller, Tchaikowsky decided to submit it for consideration to

neg: Janet Adelman lago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in "Othello", Shakespeare Quarterly 48 (1997): 125-44. Making Defect Perfection: Shakespeare and the One-Sex Model, "Enacting Gender of the English Renaissance Stage", ed. Viviana Comensoli and Anne Russell (Urbana- University of Illinois Press, 1999), pp. 23–52. "Her Father's Blood: Race, Conversion, and Nation in The Merchant of Venice," "Representations" 81 (2003): 4-30. "Blood Relations: Christian and Jew in Merchant of Venice" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 226 pp. Janet Adelman Janet Adelman (January 28, 1941 – April 6, 2010) was a Shakespearean scholar, a literary critic, and professor of English at the University

neg: Richard Standing criminal Paul Warren. Also that year he starred in The film And When Did You Last See Your Father? as a bartender. In 2008 he appeared in an episode of Grange Hill playing PC McGuffin. In 2009 he starred alongside Lenny Henry in theatre the Shakespeare play Othello in Trafalgar Studios in London. In 2010, Standing married Sara Poyzer, a West end Actress who had been in Othello with Standing as well as stage performances including Billy Elliot and The Merchant of Venice. He performed in multiple episodes of "Doctors". He played the male lead, Sam, in the Mamma Mia!

neg: Madhur Jaffrey Jaffrey was instrumental in introducing James Ivory and Ismail Merchant to one another. When Merchant and Ivory traveled to India to make "The Householder" (1963) they met Shashi Kapoor and his in-laws, the Kendals. Geoffrey Kendal and his wife, Laura Liddell, had a traveling theatre company, "Shakespeareana", that performed plays by Shakespeare pan India. Combining the Jaffreys' original idea with the real-life "Shakespeareana", Merchant and Ivory came up with their next film "Shakespeare Wallah" (1965). Ruth Prawer Jhabvala was persuaded to write a movie star role for Madhur. Saeed was dropped from the project because the Jaffreys' marriage had collapsed

neg: William Jaggard Jaggard bought out the business of the elderly James Roberts, a printer with significant connections to the Shakespeare canon. Roberts printed the second quarto of "Titus Andronicus" for bookseller Edward White and the first quarto of "Merchant of Venice" for Thomas Heyes (both 1600); he printed the second quarto of "Hamlet" for Nicholas Ling in 1604. Roberts also owned the concession to print the handbills that the actors' companies used to advertise their productions. Jaggard sought the same monopoly; he did not obtain it, however, until 1615. Jaggard had a twenty-year involvement with works of the Shakespeare canon, starting with

neg: Malachi Bogdanov new version of Alice in Wonderland for La Botte E Il Cilindro as well as directing Dracula, L'Anconitana, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo and Juliet, The Taming of the Shrew and The Merchant of Venice all in Italian and produced by MabTeatro. In February 2006 Malachi directed for MabTeatro the Italian version of Macbeth Kill Bill Shakespeare that toured Italy. In the UK Malachi has directed Stone Soup (2005) and Pandora’s Box (2006 Birmingham MAC and Edinburgh Festival) and Pinocchio (MAC 2006). In 2006 he was commissioned to write and direct a new version of the Odyssey, "From Ithaca With

neg: The Merchant of Venice (1961 film) a little bit of edge to her tongue. Tanya has all these." The Merchant of Venice (1961 film) The Merchant of Venice is a 1961 Australian TV adaptation of the play by William Shakespeare. The "Sydney Morning Herald" called it "the most important television play of the year. and among Sydney's actresses the role of Portia was the most sought after." It went to the relatively inexperienced Tanya Halesworth who was a presented at the ABC. Director Alan Burke said he saw Portia "as a beautiful debutante, the darling of the deb set of her day. I wanted a beautiful

neg: The Merchant of Venice (1961 film) The Merchant of Venice (1961 film) The Merchant of Venice is a 1961 Australian TV adaptation of the play by William Shakespeare. The "Sydney Morning Herald" called it "the most important television play of the year. and among Sydney's actresses the role of Portia was the most sought after." It went to the relatively inexperienced Tanya Halesworth who was a presented at the ABC. Director Alan Burke said he saw Portia "as a beautiful debutante, the darling of the deb set of her day. I wanted a beautiful girl for the role, one with wit, astuteness, vivacity; but one with

neg: The Merchant of Venice (opera) role of Shylock was sung by the baritone Lester Lynch. Lynch is an African American and this in the opinion of the critic of "The Guardian" gave the opera "a further racist edge...[and] a deliberately shocking contemporary resonance." The Bregenz production was recorded as a DVD by Unitel Classica in 2014, and issued together with a documentary DVD about the planning and development of the production directed by Mark Charles (Unitel 2072708-1/-2). Notes Sources The Merchant of Venice (opera) The Merchant of Venice is an opera by André Tchaikowsky (1935–1982) to a libretto, based on the Shakespeare play, by John

neg: Reputation of William Shakespeare extended to no other. Not only did the regime appropriate the Bard but it also appropriated Elizabethan England itself. To the Nazi leaders, it was a young, vigorous nation, much like the Third Reich itself, quite unlike the decadent British Empire of the present day. Clearly there were some exceptions to the official approval of Shakespeare, and the great patriotic plays, most notably "Henry V" were shelved. The reception of "The Merchant of Venice" was at best lukewarm (Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta" was suggested as a possible alternative) because it was not anti-Semitic enough for Nazi taste (the play's

neg: Othello in popular culture uncensored profanity. "Othello", an adaptation by Oscar Zárate, Oval Projects Ltd (1985). It was reprinted in 2005 by Can of Worms Press and includes the complete text of the play. In January 2009, a manga adaptation was published in the United Kingdom, with art by Ryuta Osada. It is part of the Manga Shakespeare series by Richard Appignanesi, and is set in Venice in carnival season. Christopher Moore combines "Othello" and "The Merchant of Venice" in his 2014 comic novel "The Serpent of Venice", in which he makes Portia (from "The Merchant of Venice") and Desdemona (from "Othello") sisters. All

neg: Todd Seminary for Boys houses and the Goodman Theatre. For three years Welles was director of productions at Todd, producing eight to ten plays a year. These included Molière's "The Physician in Spite of Himself", "Dr. Faustus", and an innovative "Everyman" that he staged with platforms and ladders. Welles graduated in 1931 and later collaborated with Hill to write a series of books, "Everybody's Shakespeare". "Edited for Reading and Arranged for Staging", the plays were shortened to acting versions of a reasonable length and illustrated with numerous line drawings by Welles. In 1934 three plays—"Julius Caesar", "The Merchant of Venice" and "Twelfth Night"—were published

neg: Reputation of William Shakespeare of justice and fairness in life, with the character of Portia being especially popular as she seen as standing for as one critic wrote for "the humanist spirit of the Renaissance" with its striving for "individuality, human rights and freedom". The theme of a religious conflict between a Jewish merchant vs. a Christian merchant in "The Merchant of Venice" is generally ignored in Chinese productions of "The Merchant of Venice" as most Chinese find do not find the theme of Jewish-Christian conflict relevant., Unlike in Western productions, the character of Shylock is very much an unnuanced villain in Chinese productions

neg: Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship obtained by personal experiences in Italy, and especially in Venice. The author of "The Merchant of Venice", Looney believed, "knew Italy first hand and was touched with the life and spirit of the country". This argument had earlier been used by supporters of the Earl of Rutland and the Earl of Derby as authorship candidates, both of whom had also travelled on the continent of Europe. Oxfordian William Farina refers to Shakespeare's apparent knowledge of the Jewish ghetto, Venetian architecture and laws in "The Merchant of Venice", especially the city's "notorious Alien Statute". Historical documents confirm that Oxford lived in

neg: Queensland Shakespeare Ensemble the Prison Project (as well as co-directing QSE's production of "The Merchant of Venice". Queensland Shakespeare Ensemble The Queensland Shakespeare Ensemble (QSE) is an Australian theatre company. It is based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and is the resident theatre company of the University of Queensland. QSE's training draws heavily on the work of Kristin Linklater, Shakespeare & Company (USA), and Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed, as well as incorporating yoga, mindfulness, the Alexander Technique and Feldenkrais. QSE offers regular training to the public in the Linklater voice method, Speaking Shakespeare in Your Own Voice (personalising and acting Shakespeare), and

neg: Frederick Valk appearance on the London stage in 1939, going on to play in numerous productions of classic drama including leading roles in Shakespeare, with his performances as Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice" and in the title role of "Othello", attracting critical admiration. In 1946 he won the "Ellen Terry Award" for best actor for his performance in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's "The Brothers Karamazov". Valk also toured overseas, in the 1950s performing at the fledgling Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Canada. When challenged by local journalists that as a Jew he should feel uneasy about playing Shylock, he replied that the assertion made

neg: Jack MacGowran health). In 1954 he moved to London, where he became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company. There he struck up a lasting friendship with Peter O'Toole, with whom he later appeared in Richard Brooks' "Lord Jim" (1965). However he apparently had a somewhat fractious relationship with Royal Shakespeare Director Peter Hall. He was Old Gobbo in "The Merchant of Venice" and when the set arrived Hall called all the cast into the theatre to view it. MacGowran was not there, still in his dressing room. An assistant was sent to fetch him. He returned alone: "Mr MacGowran says, Mr.

neg: Riverside Shakespeare Company in this country. In October 1983, the Riverside Shakespeare Company launched The Shakespeare Project, New York City's first major residency of actors from the Royal Shakespeare Company – with Edwin Richfield (of the RSC's highly acclaimed "The Greeks"), Heather Canning (of Paul Scofield's "Macbeth"), Christopher Ravenscroft (from the Royal Shakespeare Company's "Nicholas Nickleby", Jennie Stoller and John Kane (the later two from Peter Brook's landmark production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream") – conducting workshops and seminars and performing "The Merchant of Venice", Dylan Thomas' "Under Milk Wood", and the New York premiere of D. H. Lawrence's "The Tarnished Phoenix", with

neg: Shakespeare Tavern of six years, The Atlanta Shakespeare Company produced "Romeo and Juliet", "Much Ado about Nothing", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "The Merchant of Venice", "Twelfth Night", "The Two Gentlemen of Verona", and "The Taming of the Shrew" in the back room at Manuel's, and at the nearby Excelsior Mill, attracting national attention with articles in "The Wall Street Journal", "The New York Times", and coverage by CBS and CNN. In 1990, The Atlanta Shakespeare Company opened the Shakespeare Tavern at 599 Peachtree Street. Since the Tavern opened, The Atlanta Shakespeare Company has produced over 73 plays, presenting 1,600 plus performances, including

neg: Brett Usher Lang's Sir Toby in "Twelfth Night" (1972); the rebel in Peter Ustinov's "The Unknown Soldier and His Wife" opposite the author as the Archbishop (1973), and Allmers in Ibsen's "Little Eyolf" (1975). In 1981, during a year as a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company he played roles including the Duke of Venice and the Prince of Arragon in "The Merchant of Venice" at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and at the Aldwych Theatre in London. On television, Usher's first big assignment was the lead role of Michael Fane in a BBC serialisation of Compton Mackenzie's novel "Sinister Street" (1969), but

neg: A Midsummer Night's Dream Busant", a Middle High German poem. According to Dorothea Kehler, the writing period can be placed between 1594 and 1596, which means that Shakespeare had probably already completed "Romeo and Juliet" and had yet to start working on "The Merchant of Venice". The play belongs to the early-middle period of the author, when Shakespeare devoted his attention to the lyricism of his works. The play was entered into the Register of the Stationers' Company on 8 October 1600 by the bookseller Thomas Fisher, who published the first quarto edition later that year. A second quarto was printed in 1619 by

neg: Between you and I after a preposition", in Robert J. Menner's words) in Ben Jonson, John Bunyan, Charles Dickens, and Graham Greene, and Menner adds Noah Webster, Samuel Pepys, Thomas Middleton, and others. Various critics have commented on Shakespeare's line. American writer Russell Baker, in his "Observer" column in "The New York Times", considered it a grammatical error—"grammatically, of course, Shakespeare was wrong". He said Shakespeare probably "slipped accidentally": "My guess is that he was writing along rapidly, maybe at the end of the day when he was tired, was wishing he'd never come up with this "Merchant of Venice" idea, and eager to

neg: The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) "The quality of mercy" is a quote by Portia in William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice"; it occurs during Act 4, Scene 1, set in a Venetian Court of Justice. It is the speech in which Portia begs Shylock for mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare, and it is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare and is made by Portia, disguised as young lawyer Balthazar, who speaks with heightened

neg: The Merchant of Venice live in a ghetto protected by Christian guards. Shakespeare's play may be seen as a continuation of this tradition. The title page of the Quarto indicates that the play was sometimes known as "The Jew of Venice" in its day, which suggests that it was seen as similar to Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta". One interpretation of the play's structure is that Shakespeare meant to contrast the mercy of the main Christian characters with the vengefulness of a Jew, who lacks the religious grace to comprehend mercy. Similarly, it is possible that Shakespeare meant Shylock's forced conversion to Christianity to

neg: Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship Canadian gold-rush and trusting in the financial advice of Michael Lok, the treasurer of the company, de Vere signed a bond for £3,000 in order to invest £1,000 and to assume £2,000 worth – about half – of Lok's personal investment in the enterprise. Oxfordians say this is similar to Antonio in "The Merchant of Venice", who was indebted to Shylock for 3,000 ducats against the successful return of his vessels. Oxfordians also note that when de Vere travelled through Venice, he borrowed 500 crowns from a Baptista Nigrone. In Padua, he borrowed from a man named Pasquino Spinola. In

neg: Eleanor Phelps George Arliss who had starred as Shylock in Ames's Broadway production of Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" during the Broadway season just ended. In any event, Ames offered Phelps the role of Jessica in the post-Broadway national tour of "Merchant of Venice." At the end of the University Players 1928 summer season, Phelps left Cape Cod to join Arliss and company and never returned to Falmouth. She loved "more than anything being in a play by Mister Shakespeare." Phelps appeared in motion pictures in the early 1930s with roles in "The Run Around" (1932), "The Count of Monte Cristo" (1934),

neg: Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship gentlemen for their sports and shewes this Shrovetyde at the court before the Queens Majestie ..." The discrepancy surrounding the whereabouts of the Chamberlain's Men is normally explained by theatre historians as an error in the Chamber Accounts. W. W. Greg suggested the following explanation: The final paragraph of the "Gesta Grayorum" – see Figure – uses a "greater lessens the smaller" construction that occurs in an exchange from the "Merchant of Venice" (1594–97), 5.1.92–97: The "Merchant of Venice" uses both the same theme as the "Gesta Grayorum" (see Figure) and the same three examples to illustrate it – a

neg: Jesse L. Martin commitments since "Law & Order", performing in the productions of "The Merchant of Venice" and "The Winter's Tale" as a part of The Public Theater's "Shakespeare in the Park" at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park. He played the roles of Gratiano and King Polixenes, respectively. The two shows were performed in repertory, beginning with previews on June 9, 2010, through to the final performance on August 1, 2010. "The Merchant of Venice" later transferred to Broadway to the Broadhurst Theater for a limited engagement, in which Martin reprised his role as Gratiano. The show began previews on October 19,

neg: Hutin Britton In 1914, she and Lang successfully produced "The Taming of the Shrew", "The Merchant of Venice", and "Hamlet" at the Old Vic Theatre. She also appeared with him in "Mr Wu", which became his signature role. In 1916 they appeared together in a silent film of "The Merchant of Venice" in which she once again played "Portia". She also joined her husband in the film "The Wandering Jew" (1923) playing the part of "Judith". After a four-year illness and a temporary retirement, she returned to the Old Vic stage in 1923 for the Shakespeare Birthday Festival and the following year

neg: James Planché his time later in life. Despite the actors' reservations, "King John" was a success and led to a number of similarly-costumed Shakespeare productions by Kemble and Planché ("Henry IV, Part I", "As You Like It", "Othello", "Cymbeline", "Julius Caesar"). The designs and renderings of "King John", "Henry IV", "As You Like It", "Othello", "Hamlet" and "Merchant of Venice" were published, though there is no evidence that "Hamlet" and "Merchant of Venice" were ever produced with Planché's historically accurate costume designs. Planché also wrote a number of plays or adaptations which were staged with historically accurate costumes ("Cortez", "The Woman Never

neg: Eric Maxon Theatre he appeared in "Henry VIII", "The Merchant of Venice" and "The Merry Wives of Windsor". Further appearances included "The Lost Leader" (Greenwich Village Theatre, 1919), "The Purple Mask" (Booth Theatre, 1920), and "The Skylark" (Belmont Theatre, 1921). He rejoined the Royal Shakespeare Company for their 1924 season, and remained with that company for the next twenty years, both as actor, and in the early 1930s, as costume designer. Among other plays during that period Maxon appeared in "Othello", "Macbeth", "The Merchant of Venice", "Coriolanus", "Antony and Cleopatra", "All's Well That Ends Well", "Romeo and Juliet", and "Cymbeline". Maxon appeared

neg: Sinéad Cusack During this period, Cusack and her husband, Jeremy Irons, appeared in a "Shakespeare Winter's Eve", a major fundraiser for the Riverside Shakespeare Company in New York, along with other members of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Following the Broadway run, the plays toured the US, making stops in Washington DC and Los Angeles. Cusack's relationship with the Royal Shakespeare Company continued with a series of leading roles include Portia in "The Merchant of Venice" opposite David Suchet, Lady Macbeth opposite Jonathan Pryce in "Macbeth" and Cleopatra in "Antony and Cleopatra" in Stratford upon Avon and at London's Haymarket Theatre in the

neg: Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Jonson's concept of Shakespeare as the "child of nature." Bevill Higgons: From the preface to the revision of "The Merchant of Venice" (1701) by George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne. Here, Shakespeare is made both to recognize his own lack of sophistication and to approve the neoclassical polish added by Granville. Joseph Addison, 1712: "Among the English, Shakespeare has incomparably excelled all others. That noble extravagance of fancy, which he had in so great perfection, thoroughly qualified him to touch... his reader's imagination, and made him capable of succeeding, where he had nothing to support him besides the strength of his

neg: Royal Shakespeare Company for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages. The 2011-season began with performances of "Macbeth" and a re-imagined lost play "The History of Cardenio". The fiftieth birthday season also featured "The Merchant of Venice" with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC's greatest plays, including a new staging of "Marat/Sade". For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad, the RSC produced the "World Shakespeare Festival", featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK. In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions – called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon

neg: The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) are referenced using Folger Through Line Number: a separate line numbering scheme that includes every line of text in the play. The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) "The quality of mercy" is a quote by Portia in William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice"; it occurs during Act 4, Scene 1, set in a Venetian Court of Justice. It is the speech in which Portia begs Shylock for mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare, and it is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy. The speech is regarded as

neg: The Shakespeare Project involving the five guests from the Royal Shakespeare Company...a unique venture." Stasio added, "Everybody at the opening night party, including such members of the theatrical community as Milo O'Shea, Barnard Hughes and Gloria Foster, seemed to want to a regular event of the unprecedented project." In the evenings, the five actor also performed a "five-hander" version of Shakespeare "The Merchant of Venice", Dylan Thomas' "Under Milk Wood", and the New York premiere of D. H. Lawrence's "The Tarnished Phoenix". The week-long residency drew sell-out crowds at its two venues, the All Angels Episcopal Church at Lincoln Center, and The Shakespeare

neg: Jessica (The Merchant of Venice) critics have historically viewed the character negatively, highlighting her theft of her father's gold, her betrayal of his trust, and her apparently selfish motivations and aimless behaviour. In her 1980 survey, "In Defense of Jessica: The Runaway Daughter in "The Merchant of Venice"", Camille Slights calls out Arthur Quiller-Couch's opinion in the 1926 "The Cambridge Dover Wilson Shakespeare" as an extreme but representative example: Slights sees this as a consequence of sympathetic readings of Shylock, where the play is seen primarily as exposing Christian hypocrisy, and his actions merely natural responses to ostracism and prejudice. In such a reading Jessica's

neg: Stereotypes of Jews in literature anti-Semitism. However, also like Shylock, he occasionally shows evidence of humanity (albeit very rarely). It has been suggested that "The Jew of Malta" influenced Shakespeare's play, "The Merchant of Venice". Despite the fact that Shakespeare probably never met a Jew, "The Merchant of Venice" includes a character named Shylock who has become the archetype of the Jewish moneylender stereotype. Derek Cohen asserts that the Shylock character is "the best known Jew in English." Shylock is a money-lender and was often portrayed with a hooked nose and bright red wigs. Shylock's character has been criticized for its anti-Semitic nature, although some

neg: Hamlet (1907 film) Méliès also dabbled in Shakespeare in his 1905 film "The Venetian Looking-Glass", which incorporates the character of Shylock from "The Merchant of Venice". However, these earlier films had merely borrowed elements from Shakespearean works; by contrast, Méliès's 1907 version of "Hamlet" was a true Shakespearean adaptation. Méliès himself played Hamlet. Special effects used in the film included multiple exposures. The film was the first multi-scene cinematic adaptation of any work by Shakespeare. Later in 1907, Méliès made his last Shakespearean film, "Shakespeare Writing "Julius Caesar"", in which Méliès played Shakespeare himself. "Hamlet" was released by Méliès's Star Film Company, and

neg: Shakespeare by the Sea (Australia) Shakespeare by the Sea (Australia) Shakespeare by the Sea was a summer outdoor event held at Balmoral Beach in Sydney's northern suburbs, using a band rotunda as a backdrop, that ran in summer (January to early March) for twenty-five seasons, from 1987 to 2011. The event was started in 1987 by David MacSwan, pre-dating other similarly named events such as Shakespeare by the Sea, Halifax, which was founded in 1994. Each season featured two plays, mostly from Shakespeare's canon including, "Henry IV" (parts 1 and 2), "Romeo and Juliet", "King Lear", "The Merchant of Venice", "The Two Gentlemen of Verona",

neg: Peter O'Toole He reportedly received five offers of long term contracts but turned them down. His first role was a small role in Disney's version of "Kidnapped" (1960), playing the bagpipes opposite Peter Finch. O'Toole's second feature was "The Savage Innocents" (1960) with Anthony Quinn for director Nicholas Ray. With his then-wife Sian Phillips he did "" (1960) for TV. In 1960 he had a nine-month season at the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford, appearing in "The Taming of the Shrew" (as Petruchio), "The Merchant of Venice" (as Shylock) and "Troilus and Cressida" (as Thersites). He could have made more money making

neg: Merchant of Venus Merchant of Venus Merchant of Venus is a board game, published in 1988 by Avalon Hill, set in an unexplored part of the galaxy during a reawakening of galactic civilization. Players move around the board as traders discovering long forgotten pockets of civilization and buying and selling goods. The game can be played by one to six players. In tournaments it is usually played by four players. The solitaire version, which relies heavily on combat with a militaristic race, has different game mechanics. The name of the game is a pun on the Shakespeare play "Merchant of Venice". The planet

neg: Laura Valentine of the Church of England. Within 12 months of their marriage, she was widowed. Her literature often was educational, told of travel, or described the London scene. As an adult novelist, Laura Valentine specialized in florid historical romance. Her main novels were Kirkholme Priory (1847), The Vassal (1850), and the Cup and the Lip (1851). Valentine expressed an expertise in Shakespeare, editing "The Works of William Shakespeare” and creating a number of children's versions of Shakespeare plays including The Merchant of Venice and The Tempest. Professionally, Valentine was one of the chief editors of Frederick Warne & Co and the

neg: Community of Jesus Room" by A.R. Gurney, "The Cherry Orchard" by Anton Chekhov, "The Doorway" by Phyllis Tickle, "The Trial of Jesus" by John Masefield, and "Rumors" by Neil Simon. Recent Shakespeare performances include, "Merchant of Venice"", Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night's Dream", and "Julius Caesar""." Members of the Company have studied in London, Chicago, New York and Boston, at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, the Royal Shakespeare Company, London's National Theatre, Shakespeare's Globe, Shakespeare & Company and the Central School of Speech and Drama. The Linklater method has been emphasized in their voice training. Built by Nelson Barden & Associates of

neg: William Shakespeare bated breath" ("Merchant of Venice") and "a foregone conclusion" ("Othello") have found their way into everyday English speech. Shakespeare was not revered in his lifetime, but he received a large amount of praise. In 1598, the cleric and author Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as "the most excellent" in both comedy and tragedy. The authors of the "Parnassus" plays at St John's College, Cambridge numbered him with Chaucer, Gower, and Spenser. In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the "Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage", though he

neg: Daniel Fish New York Times hailed Fish's work as "the most inventive directorial effort of the year." He continued to direct Shakespeare and Molière including controversial productions of "Tartuffe" and "Hamlet" for the McCarter Theatre and Merchant of Venice for California Shakespeare Theatre. During this time, he began branching out into new work, directing productions of David Rabe's "The Black Monk" for Yale Repertory Theatre, "Poor Beck" for the Royal Shakespeare Company, and Charles Mee's "Paradise Park" for Signature Theatre Company. In Germany, he has directed Sheila Callaghan's "We Are Not These Hands" for the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhouse and a production of "Der

neg: Karl Elze English literature one hour each day on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. On Wednesdays and Saturdays he publicly lectured on Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Elze began his literary career with the "Englischer Liederschatz" (1851), an anthology of English lyrics, edited for a while a critical periodical "Atlantis", and in 1857 published an edition of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" with critical notes. He also edited Chapman's "Alphonsus" (1867) and wrote biographies of Walter Scott, Byron and Shakespeare; "Abhandlungen zu Shakespeare" (English translation by D Schmitz, as "Essays on Shakespeare", London, 1874), and the treatise, "Notes on Elizabethan Dramatists" with conjectural emendations of

neg: Chiltern Shakespeare Company Chiltern Shakespeare Company The Chiltern Shakespeare Company is a Shakespearean theatre company founded in 1989 that produces Shakespearean plays annually in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. Recent productions include "Much Ado about Nothing", "Twelfth Night", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "As You Like It", "The Taming of the Shrew", "The Merchant of Venice" and "The Merry Wives of Windsor". The company was founded by Michael Wiseman in order to produce the plays in traditional settings, both open air and with respect to costumes and sets. The participating actors are amateur performers from the Chilterns and Thames Valley areas. The Open Air Theatre (set up

neg: BBC Television Shakespeare the distance is the backcloth, which is impressionistic." The backcloths were used to suggest locale without photographic representationalism; they imply air, water, sea, hills, a city, but never actually show anything specific. Geoff Feld won Best Cameraman at the 1981 BAFTAs for his work on this episode. The "Prefaces to Shakespeare" episode for "The Merchant of Venice" was presented by Timothy West who had played Shylock in a 1980 Old Vic production which he also directed. The "Shakespeare in Perspective" episode was presented by playwright and screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz. Cast In line with producer Jonathan Miller's aesthetic policy, director Elijah

neg: Reputation of William Shakespeare did not were rewarded, a barely veiled reference to the often capricious behavior of Mao, who punished his loyal followers for no apparent reason. Cordeilia's devotion and love for her father-despite his madness, cruelty and rejection of her-is seen in China as affirming traditional Confucian values where love of the family counts above all, and for this reason, "King Lear" is seen in China as being a very "Chinese" play that affirms the traditional values of filial piety. A 1981 production of "The Merchant of Venice" was a hit with Chinese audiences as the play was seen promoting the theme

neg: The Merchant of Venice which Shakespeare was likely familiar. (Auden sees the theme of usury in the play as a comment on human relations in a mercantile society.) Other interpreters of the play regard Auden's conception of Antonio's sexual desire for Bassanio as questionable. Michael Radford, director of the 2004 film version starring Al Pacino, explained that, although the film contains a scene where Antonio and Bassanio actually kiss, the friendship between the two is platonic, in line with the prevailing view of male friendship at the time. Jeremy Irons, in an interview, concurs with the director's view and states that he did not

neg: Phyllis Neilson-Terry of parts; in the classics her roles included Rosalind in "As You Like It" (1911), Juliet in "Romeo and Juliet, Desdemona in "Othello" and Portia in "The Merchant of Venice (all 1912). She also appeared in modern plays, including a revival of "Trilby" opposite Tree's Svengali. She continued to play the role in revivals in many parts of the world in later years. In 1914 she went to the US, and, having signed a long-term contract, did not return to Britain until 1919. In America she reprised her Trilby, appeared in vaudeville giving songs, recitations and excerpts from Shakespeare, and

neg: The Merchant of Venice you wrong us, shall we not revenge?" Those who see the speech as sympathetic point out that Shylock says he learned the desire for revenge from the Christian characters: "If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction." Even if Shakespeare did not intend the play to be read this way, the fact that it retains its power on stage for audiences who may perceive its central conflicts in radically different terms is an

neg: John Justin as a test pilot and flying instructor. He was injured in a crash. He was given leave to work on two films, "The Gentle Sex" (1943) with Leslie Howard, and "Journey Together" (1944), an RAF feature film with a cast led by Richard Attenborough, Jack Watling and David Tomlinson; with a special appearance by the American film star, Edward G. Robinson. Silent film star Bessie Love also appeared in the cast. With the war's end, Justin returned to acting. In 1948, he did a stint at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-on-Avon, appearing in "King John", "The Merchant Of Venice", "The

neg: Shakespeare by the Sea (Australia) "The Merry Wives of Windsor", "The Comedy of Errors", "Much Ado About Nothing", "Macbeth", "Othello", and "Hamlet". In 2005 and 2010 Shakespeare by the Sea presented The Taming of the Shrew, with The Tamer Tamed by John Fletcher. The events were also noted for not charging any admission fees; instead, the audience was invited to make a donation at the conclusion of each performance. Actors who have performed in Shakespeare by the Sea productions include Gregor Jordan, who played Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice and who later directed the films "Two Hands" (1999), "Buffalo Soldiers" (2001), and "Ned Kelly"

neg: David Serero (opera singer) in the commercial between Sotheby's and eBay partnership in New York. In May 2015, he played the parts of King Edward and Ratcliff in Richard III by Shakespeare in New York with the Oxford Shakespeare Company directed by Ron Destro, and in that same month he played the lead role of Marcel Proust in the play "Proust & Joyce at the Hotel Majestic" at the French Consulate of New York. In June 2015, he played Off-Broadway the lead role of Shylock from "The Merchant of Venice" by Shakespeare at the Center for Jewish History in New York to critical acclaim

neg: Chiltern Shakespeare Company the grounds of Hall Barn, Beaconsfield. Performance dates will be in June 2017. Auditions are held annually in late January/early February with rehearsals running from March through to performances. Chiltern Shakespeare Company The Chiltern Shakespeare Company is a Shakespearean theatre company founded in 1989 that produces Shakespearean plays annually in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. Recent productions include "Much Ado about Nothing", "Twelfth Night", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "As You Like It", "The Taming of the Shrew", "The Merchant of Venice" and "The Merry Wives of Windsor". The company was founded by Michael Wiseman in order to produce the plays in traditional settings,

neg: History of the Shakespeare authorship question print that Shakespeare did not write the works bearing his name. Hart claimed that Shakespeare was a "mere "factotum" of the theatre", a "vulgar and unlettered man" hired to add obscene jokes to the plays of other writers. Hart does not suggest that there was any conspiracy, merely that evidence of the real authors's identities had been lost when the plays were published. Hart asserts that Shakespeare had been "dead for one hundred years and utterly forgotten" when old playscripts formerly owned by him were discovered and published under his name by Nicholas Rowe and Thomas Betterton. He speculates that

neg: Dil Farosh B. Athavale and Saiyed Umer. Dil Farosh Dil Farosh also called Merchant Of Hearts, is a 1927 Indian cinema's silent film directed by M. Udvadia. Produced by Excelsior Film Company it has been cited as one of the earliest adaptations of a Shakespeare play into an Indian film. Based on Merchant of Venice, it was written for the Parsi theatre by Mehdi Hasan 'Ahsan' in 1900, and called "Merchant of Hearts". The stage adaptation by the New Alfred Company had Sorabji Ogra as Shylock and "achieved great popularity" at the beginning of the twentieth century. The film's cast included the

neg: Dil Farosh Dil Farosh Dil Farosh also called Merchant Of Hearts, is a 1927 Indian cinema's silent film directed by M. Udvadia. Produced by Excelsior Film Company it has been cited as one of the earliest adaptations of a Shakespeare play into an Indian film. Based on Merchant of Venice, it was written for the Parsi theatre by Mehdi Hasan 'Ahsan' in 1900, and called "Merchant of Hearts". The stage adaptation by the New Alfred Company had Sorabji Ogra as Shylock and "achieved great popularity" at the beginning of the twentieth century. The film's cast included the director Udwadia with Nargis, K.

neg: Argosy (word) Argosy (word) An argosy is a merchant ship, or a fleet of such ships. As used by Shakespeare (e.g., in "King Henry VI", Part 3, Act 2, Scene VI; in the "Merchant of Venice", Act 1, Scene I and Scene III; and in "The Taming of the Shrew", Act 2, Scene I), the word means a flotilla of merchant ships operating together under the same ownership. It is derived from the 16th century city Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, in Croatia), a major shipping power of the day and entered the language through the Italian "ragusea", meaning a Ragusan ship. The word

neg: Portia (The Merchant of Venice) original Portia Shakespeare drew from was Porcia Catonis, the wife of the Roman statesman Brutus. She was also compared to the wife of Brutus within the play in Act 1 scene 1 when Bassanio talks to Antonio. The strength of the role of Portia has made it attractive to many notable actresses. Frances Abington, Sarah Siddons and Elizabeth Whitlock all played Portia in the 18th century when actresses first started appearing on stage in performances of the play. More recently, the role has been depicted in the cinema and on television by a number of notable actresses such as Maggie

neg: Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival of Venice 1990 The Merry Wives of Windsor 1991 Romeo and Juliet & The Comedy of Errors 1992 Henry VIII & A Midsummer Night's Dream 1993 The Tempest & Twelfth Night 1994 As You Like It & Henry V 1995 Much Ado About Nothing & Richard III 1996 Two Gentlemen of Verona & The Merchant of Venice 1997 The Taming of the Shrew & Macbeth 1998 Love's Labour's Lost & Twelfth Night 1999 Romeo and Juliet & A Midsummer Night's Dream 2000 The Comedy of Errors & The Tempest 2001 Much Ado About Nothing & Henry V 2002 The Taming

neg: Hamnet Shakespeare in "The Merchant of Venice", "As You Like It", and "Twelfth Night" are a representation of William Shakespeare's seeing his son's hope in his daughters after Hamnet's death. Bill Bryson argues that Constance's speech from the third act of "King John" (written mid-1590s) was inspired by Hamnet's death. In the speech she laments the loss of her son, Arthur. It is possible, though, that Hamnet was still alive when Constance's lament was written. Many other plays of Shakespeare's have theories surrounding Hamnet. These include questions as to whether a scene in "Julius Caesar", in which Caesar adopts Mark Antony as

neg: Quibble (plot device) Quibble (plot device) In terms of fiction, a quibble is a plot device, used to fulfill the exact verbal conditions of an agreement in order to avoid the intended meaning. Typically quibbles are used in legal bargains and, in fantasy, magically enforced ones. When used in a real life argument, it is termed a Loki's Wager. William Shakespeare used a quibble in "The Merchant of Venice". Portia saves Antonio in a court of law by pointing out that the agreement called for a pound of flesh, but no blood, and therefore Shylock can collect only if he sheds no blood,

neg: Hendiadys , the Hebrew says "ger v'toshav", literally translated as "the alien and the resident", but the phrase means a "resident alien". In , the Hebrew says "ibbad v'shibar", literally translated as "ruined and broken", but the phrase means "totally destroyed". In cloud and smoke for "cloud of smoke" In , the Greek says "ὅσα προσεύχεσθε καὶ αἰτεῖσθε", literally translated as "whatever you pray and ask", but the phrase means "whatever you ask in prayer". In "The Merchant of Venice" by Shakespeare, it occurs at 4.1.36, when Shylock says, "to have the "due and forfeit" of my bond". Hendiadys is the

neg: Hagar derives from the Aramaic word "restrained". The contrary view (that Keturah was someone other than Hagar) is advocated by the Rashbam, Abraham ibn Ezra, David Kimhi, and Nachmanides. They were listed as two different people in the genealogies in . Many artists have painted scenes from the story of Hagar and Ismael in the desert, including Pieter Lastman, Gustave Doré, Frederick Goodall and James Eckford Lauder. William Shakespeare refers to Hagar in "The Merchant of Venice" Act II Scene 5 line 40 when Shylock says "What says that fool of Hagar's offspring, ha?" This line refers to the character Launcelot,

neg: Laurence Olivier into its new building. By 1968 because of bureaucratic delays construction work had not even begun, and he agreed to serve for a second five-year term. His next major role, and his last appearance in a Shakespeare play, was as Shylock in "The Merchant of Venice", his first appearance in the work. He had intended Guinness or Scofield to play Shylock, but stepped in when neither was available. The production by Jonathan Miller, and Olivier's performance, attracted a wide range of responses. Two different critics reviewed it for "The Guardian": one wrote "this is not a role which stretches him,

neg: Envy is often associated with the color green, as in "green with envy", and yellow. Yellow is the color of ambivalence and contradiction; a color associated with optimism and amusement; but also with betrayal, duplicity, and jealousy. The phrase "green-eyed monster" refers to an individual whose current actions appear motivated by jealousy not envy. This is based on a line from Shakespeare's "Othello". Shakespeare mentions it also in "The Merchant of Venice" when Portia states: "How all the other passions fleet to air, as doubtful thoughts and rash embraced despair and shuddering fear and green-eyed jealousy!" The character Envy from Fullmetal

neg: Aidan Coleman (poet) & Schlesinger, 2006 "Asymmetry" - Brandl & Schlesinger, 2012 "Catch Fire: Friendly Street Poets 33" - Wakefield Press, 2009 "Light and Glorie" - Pantaenus Press, 2012 Insight Shakespeare Plays - Insight Publications, 2008-2014 Titles in the series: "Romeo and Juliet", "Macbeth", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Othello", "The Merchant of Venice", "King Lear", "Julius Caesar", "Hamlet" Aidan Coleman (poet) Aidan Coleman (born 1976) is an Australian poet and speechwriter. Born in Aberystwyth, Wales, Aidan Coleman grew up in Nottingham, England, and emigrated to Australia when he was eight. He studied at the University of Adelaide, and taught secondary English and History

neg: David Tennant Comedy of Errors" and Captain Jack Absolute in "The Rivals", although he also played the tragic role of Romeo in "Romeo and Juliet". Tennant contributed to several audio dramatisations of Shakespeare for the Arkangel Shakespeare series (1998). His roles include a reprisal of his Antipholus of Syracuse in "The Comedy of Errors", as well as Launcelot Gobbo in "The Merchant of Venice", Edgar/Poor Tom in "King Lear", and Mercutio in "Romeo and Juliet", all of which he performs in his natural accent. In 1995, Tennant appeared at the Royal National Theatre, London, playing the role of Nicholas Beckett in Joe

neg: Edward Maene First Folio of Shakespeare plays. The commission was given to architect Horace Trumbauer – who had designed Harrison's residence, Grey Towers Castle (1893–97), in Glenside, Pennsylvania – but it was Will Price who designed the piece's highly carved oak casing. The cabinet featured statuettes of Shylock and Portia, characters from "The Merchant of Venice". The piece was not listed in the Rose Valley shop's records, and "was probably made in Edward Maene's shop." Warren Powers Laird, director of the University of Pennsylvania School of Architecture, described the "Harrison Shakespeare Folio Cabinet" as "the finest piece of furniture ever made in

neg: John Dougall (actor) Dougall has played a wide range of roles in Shakespeare plays, including "Henry VIII", "Measure for Measure", "Coriolanus", and "The Winter’s Tale" for the Globe Theatre, "A Midsummer Night’s Dream", "Twelfth Night", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Henry V", "The Winter’s Tale", "Richard III", "The Comedy of Errors" and "The Merchant of Venice" for Propeller, and "Hamlet", "Macbeth", and "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Other works has included "The Devil is an Ass", "The Cherry Orchard", and "The Crucible" for the RSC, "Saint Joan" at the Strand Theatre; "Shadow of a Gunman" and "John Bull’s

neg: Bill Rauch Change" Fellow. As visiting director at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Rauch directed "Handler" (2002), "Hedda Gabler" (2003), "The Comedy of Errors" (2004), "By the Waters of Babylon" (2005) & "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" (2006). In his first six years as artistic director, he personally directed "The Clay Cart" & "The Further Adventures of Hedda Gabler" (2008), "Equivocation" & "The Music Man" (2009), "Hamlet" & "The Merchant of Venice" (2010), "Measure for Measure" & "Pirates of Penzance" (2011), and "All the Way" & "Medea/MacBeth/Cinderella" (2012). Known as a risk-taker, he is moved by programming that combines Shakespeare, other classics, contemporary

neg: Edmund Willard Edmund Willard Edmund Willard (19 December 1884 – 6 October 1956) was a British actor of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Brighton, Sussex in 1884, the nephew of Victorian era actor Edward Smith Willard, in 1920 Willard appeared in the plays of William Shakespeare at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. He appeared in "Hamlet", "Twelfth Night", "The Merchant of Venice", "Richard III", and "The Taming of the Shrew". Willard's first film role was as the Fourth Party in "A Window in Piccadilly" (1928). His other film appearances include "The Private Life of Don Juan" (1934) with Douglas Fairbanks

neg: Ian McDiarmid recognitions given to him for his work in the theatre. McDiarmid claimed he became its recipient "by doing all the boring jobs you have to do when you are young, to eke out an existence." McDiarmid has won praise as an actor and director in British theatre. He has starred in several Shakespeare plays, including "Hamlet" (1972), "The Tempest" (1974, 2000), "Much Ado About Nothing" (1976), Trevor Nunn's 1976 "Macbeth" (television 1978), "The Merchant of Venice" (1984) and "King Lear" (2005). He played Ivanov in Tom Stoppard's play "Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" at the Mermaid Theatre in 1978. From

neg: Gale Edwards 2000, and for which she won an Emmy Award for the televised recording of the production. Edwards contributed to the book of the musical "Whistle Down the Wind", for which she directed the West End production. She directed Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Edwards has also directed for the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare Theatre Company (Washington D.C.). She directed the premiere production of "The Boy from Oz". She co-wrote the book and lyrics of the musical "Eureka", which premiered in Melbourne in 2004. Edwards'

neg: David Crystal of the Ucheldre Centre. As an expert on the evolution of the English language, he was involved in the production of Shakespeare at Shakespeare's Globe in 2004 and 2005 in the "Original Pronunciation" of the period in which he was writing, coaching the actors on the appropriate pronunciation for the period, and has since been the consultant for several other Shakespeare plays performed in OP, including "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Hamlet", "Macbeth", "Pericles", "The Merchant of Venice", and "Henry V". David Crystal David Crystal, (born 6 July 1941) is a British linguist, academic and author. Crystal was born in Lisburn,

neg: Iona McLeish Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (directed by Michael Attenborough) at The Young Vic and Heresies by Deborah Levy for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Iona McLeish Iona McLeish is a "London Theatre Award"-winning British theatre designer and author that currently serves as head of the BA programme in theatre design at London drama school Rose Bruford College. A graduate in theatre design at Wimbledon School of Art, McLeish has worked extensively as a theatre designer in the United Kingdom. Productions she designed include "Women of Troy" for the National Theatre, Timberlake Wertenbaker's "The Love of a Nightingale" for the Royal Shakespeare

neg: The Public Theater artists and soloists. The Public also operates the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, where it presents Shakespeare in the Park, one of New York City's most beloved summer traditions. New York natives and visitors alike have been enjoying free Shakespeare in Central Park since performances began in 1954. The Public is dedicated to embracing the complexities of contemporary society and nurturing both artists and audiences, as it continues Joseph Papp's legacy of creating a place of inclusion and a forum for ideas. Notable productions in recent years include: "The Merchant of Venice", featuring Al Pacino as Shylock (2010); "Here Lies

neg: Christen Collin in the history of European literature in 1895. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1897. He was a professor from 1914 to his death, and is best known for his research on English literature and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. He biographed the early Bjørnson in the 1907 book "Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. Hans barndom og ungdom". A collection of letter correspondence between Bjørnson and Collin was released in 1937. A William Shakespeare biography was planned but never finished, but Collin wrote articles on Shakespeare, reissued "The Merchant of Venice" and translated English poetry. Collin was not uncontroversial

neg: Jacqueline Brookes she spent several summers acting in the Shakespeare Festival at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego, performing in plays such as "Antony and Cleopatra", "A Winter's Tale", "The Merchant of Venice", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "The Merry Wives of Windsor", and "Richard III". During that era, she also performed Rosalind in "As You Like It" at the New Mexico State University, Katherine in "The Taming of the Shrew" at the University of British Columbia, and Beatrice in "Much Ado About Nothing" at the Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut. Jacqueline Brookes in later years was a teacher at the Circle

neg: Michael Bogdanov of both Shakespeare and new works, including "Twelfth Night", "Cymbeline", "The Merchant of Venice" and Dylan Thomas's "Under Milk Wood". In 2005, he directed the critically acclaimed musical, "Amazing Grace", at Swansea Grand Theatre and the Sherman Theatre, Cardiff, and the dual Welsh and English language productions of "Hamlet", with the same cast, at The Swansea Grand and Cardiff's New Theatre. The new Welsh Language translation by Gareth Mile was commissioned by the Arts Council of Wales. Among his many TV credits are "Shakespeare on the Estate", RTS Award, Bafta Nomination and "A Light in the Valley", RTS Best Regional

neg: Peter Tranchell revived in 1957. His archive is kept at Cambridge University Library. "Falstaff" (1950) "Fate's Revenge" (1951), performed by Ballet Rambert at the Lyric, Hammersmith "Images of Love", (1964) produced at Covent Garden with choreography by Kenneth MacMillan "The Mayor of Casterbridge" (1951) "Zuleika" (1954) "Thackeray Ditties" (1962) "His First Mayweek" (1963) "Johnson over Jordan" (J. B. Priestley; 1947) "Macbeth" (William Shakespeare; 1949) "The Merchant of Venice" (Shakespeare; 1950) "Organ Sonata" (1958) "Festive Overture" (1966) "Te Deum in E" (1975) "This Sorry Scheme of Things" (1953) "The Joyous Year" (1961) "If ye would hear the angels sing" (1965) MORESTEAD Words (Kaan):

neg: Paula Scher strict 90 degree angles of a De Stijl-inspired grid, a pattern in Manhattan's streetscape. The identity is like New York itself, constantly evolving. In 2010, Scher designed the New York Shakespeare Festival in Central Park poster which presented powerful productions of "The Winter's Tale" and "The Merchant of Venice", starring Al Pacino as Shylock. Scher's festival promotional campaign focused on the reminiscent language in both plays by pulling lines from each production to meet in a dimensional expressive of words and typography. This campaign was awarded for Print Regional Design Annual 2011. New York Shakespeare Festival in Central Park posters:

neg: Leslee Udwin Shakespeare Company and Cheek By Jowl playing roles like Lady Macbeth, Isobel in "The Mayor of Zalamea", Masha in Chekhov's "Three Sisters", Nora in "A Doll's House", etc. On screen she appeared in the BBC Shakespeare Series production of "The Merchant of Venice" (1980). In 1989 she set a legal precedent in the High Court of England against a criminal landlord Nicholas van Hoogstraten who harassed her and her fellow tenants in their rent act protected apartment block in West London. She then turned her real life two and a half year battle against Hoogstraten and its victorious outcome into

neg: William Shakespeare Men in 1603, they entered a special relationship with the new King James. Although the performance records are patchy, the King's Men performed seven of Shakespeare's plays at court between 1 November 1604, and 31 October 1605, including two performances of "The Merchant of Venice". After 1608, they performed at the indoor Blackfriars Theatre during the winter and the Globe during the summer. The indoor setting, combined with the Jacobean fashion for lavishly staged masques, allowed Shakespeare to introduce more elaborate stage devices. In "Cymbeline", for example, Jupiter descends "in thunder and lightning, sitting upon an eagle: he throws a

neg: Delacorte Theater Errors", directed by Dan Sullivan and featuring Shakespeare in the Park alumni Jesse Tyler Ferguson as Dromio and Hamish Linklater as Antipholus. Ferguson and Linklater last performed together in "The Winter’s Tale" and "The Merchant of Venice" in 2010 for The Public’s Shakespeare in the Park. The second show of the 2013 season is a new musical adaptation of Shakespeare’s "Love's Labour's Lost", directed by Alex Timbers with songs by Michael Friedman, and book adaptation by Alex Timbers. Timbers and Friedman last collaborated on the award-winning musical "Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson" at The Public and Timbers will direct the new

neg: Terrence O'Brien (director) and this unassuming production makes plain its virtues."" Anita Gates also noted O'Brien's leaned down approach, ""you always know what you’re going to get: spare, streamlined, playful Shakespeare with laughs (even in the tragedies)."" Among the over thirty productions O'Brien directed at Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival: King Lear, Love's Labour's Lost, Hamlet, Troilus and Cressida, Pericles, All's Well That Ends Well, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, Measure for Measure, Titus Andronicus, Macbeth, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, A Midsummer Night's Dream,