query: who was the first person to do graffiti

pos: Cornbread (graffiti artist) Cornbread (graffiti artist) Darryl McCray, better known by his tagging name "Cornbread", is a graffiti artist from Philadelphia, credited with being the first modern graffiti artist. McCray was born in North Philadelphia in 1953 and raised in Brewerytown, a neighborhood of North Philadelphia. During the late 1960s, he and a group of friends started "tagging" Philadelphia, by writing their nicknames on walls across the city. The movement spread to New York City and blossomed into the modern graffiti movement, which reached its peak in the U.S. in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and then spread to Europe. Since his

neg: Street artist Street artist A street artist is a person who makes art in public places. Street artists include portrait artists, caricaturists, graffiti artists, muralists and people making crafts. Street artists can also refer to street performers such as musicians, acrobats, jugglers, living statues, and street theatre performers. Street artists can be seen throughout the world. Some countries and sub-national jurisdictions require a license or permit in order to do business as a street artist. Without legal authorization, artists run the risk of being fined or arrested by the police if municipal ordinances prohibit their activities. For graffiti artists and muralists, part

neg: SAMO began taking photos of the SAMO graffiti, not knowing who had done them. After first exhibiting the photos he got to know Al Diaz, and Shannon Dawson who helped him uncover who did which tag. He has published many of the SAMO graffiti photos on the internet. By 1979 Basquiat had started to do graffiti on his own. Keith Haring had been following the SAMO graffiti and finally met Basquiat in 1979. He never mentioned Al Diaz. Haring remembers: "I still hadn't met Jean-Michael—I had only heard of him. Well, one day a kid came up to me just as

neg: A1one graffiti activities in the city of Tehran increased. A1one was the first person to start painting on the city walls. His name can be interpreted as "Alone" or "First One." A1one started painting walls in the late 1990s. He is the pioneer of the urban art scene in Middle East. When he began, it was a time when nobody knew what graffiti was in his country. He had a very influential role in the rise of street art and stenciling within Iran. Already involved in urban arts in general, he met in 2005 the rapper Nima who told him everything

neg: Reza Rioter 2015 he released his second videograf that was an objection video and it was mad to do honor to Sohrab Sepehri a famous poet of Kashan , in this video Rioter protested why there is Graffiti on street in Kashan which called Sohrab Sepehri Street? In the Some year Reza Rioter took part in a radio program about graffiti, this documentary was the first documentary made by Iranian governmental media regarding the graffiti art, after that Rioter announced that his statement have been censored a lot. Recently Rioter do a graffiti in the wall which was covered by cloth in

neg: Graffiti My Soul the song: "Their songs do really musical, clever things; the stutter-rapping in Graffiti My Soul… They're unbeatable." Graffiti My Soul "Graffiti My Soul" is a song by British all-female pop group Girls Aloud, taken from their second studio album "What Will the Neighbours Say?" (2004). Written and produced by Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania, the track was originally written for Britney Spears. "Graffiti My Soul" includes a sample of Peplab's "It's Not the Drug." Receiving comparisons to Madonna and The Prodigy, "Graffiti My Soul" was lauded by contemporary music critics who praised its innovation. It was expected to

neg: Hip hop connection between hip hop and graffiti, saying, "You know what bugs me, they put hip hop with graffiti. How do they intertwine?" In America in the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activists. Gangs such as the Savage Skulls, La Familia, and Savage Nomads used graffiti to mark territory. JULIO 204 was a Puerto Rican graffiti writer, one of the first graffiti writers in New York City. He was a member of the "Savage Skulls" gang, and started writing his nickname in his neighborhood as early as 1968. In 1971 the "New York Times"

neg: Jack Stewart (artist) York artist who photographed the beginnings of New York graffiti and eventually befriended many of the writers. . . . Duncan Bock, editor-in-chief of Melcher Media, the firm that helped bring "Graffiti Kings" to a popular audience, described Stewart's work: 'Jack understood the intensity, beauty and importance of the tags, why they were on trains, and why it was so hard to do it well. . . . He understood that this formal act was revolutionary and, at that moment, nobody else in the world knew how to do it.' ""Graffiti Kings" is the best record of the month-by-month evolution

neg: Graffiti in the United States who started out tagging locations with his signature SAMO (Same Old Shit), and Keith Haring, who was also able to take his art into studio spaces. In some cases, graffiti artists had achieved such elaborate graffiti (especially those done in memory of a deceased person) on storefront gates that shopkeepers have hesitated to cover them up. In the Bronx after the death of rapper Big Pun, several murals dedicated to his life done by BG183, Bio, Nicer TATS CRU appeared virtually overnight; similar outpourings occurred after the deaths of The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur, Big L, and Jam Master Jay.

neg: Graffiti academy at "CIL" IV, 4397 was scrawled with graffiti left by the gladiator Celadus Crescens ("Suspirium puellarum Celadus thraex": "Celadus the Thracian makes the girls sigh.") Another piece from Pompeii, written on a tavern wall about the owner of the establishment and his questionable wine: <poem> Landlord, may your lies malign Bring destruction on your head! You yourself drink unmixed wine, Water [do you] sell [to] your guests instead.</poem> It was not only the Greeks and Romans who produced graffiti: the Maya site of Tikal in Guatemala contains examples of ancient Maya graffiti. Viking graffiti survive in Rome and at

neg: Ancient Maya graffiti they can be found randomly scattered on walls, floors, and benches. Some examples are found in obscure locations, such as dark corners and narrow passageways. Maya graffiti are a poorly studied topic; early explorers and investigators regarded them as a curiosity with little bearing on Classic Maya culture. In the late 19th century, Teoberto Maler became the first person to record Maya graffiti. A few 20th-century scholars made efforts to record additional examples of graffiti. By the later part of the 20th century, graffiti had been recorded at San Clemente, Chichen Itza, Hochob, Holmul, Nakum, Santa Rosa Xtampak, Tikal, and

neg: Robotech: Invasion nature of the end of the game, the fate and future of main character Jack Archer was unclear. Vicious Cycle inserted a hidden easter egg that shows a message spray painted as if it were graffiti, saying "Jack is alive!!", you do not discover what exactly happens to him. Compared to "Robotech: Battlecry", "Robotech: Invasion" was a critical disappointment, receiving mixed reviews upon its release. "Electronic Gaming Monthly" gave the game a 5.7 out of 10, calling it "pretty dull, even for a first-person shooter." GameSpy gave it a 2.5 out of 5 and called it "a decent enough shooter

neg: Graffiti in Hong Kong by graffiti artists. Hong Kong graffiti artists have a unique sense on where to do graffiti to reflect different aesthetic feelings of their works. For instance, drawing on rusty surfaces like iron walls produces a vintage feeling of the work. Drawings on uneven stone walls gives a strong dimensional sense. Ai WeiWei, a Chinese contemporary artist and activist, was arrested by Beijing authorities for "economic crimes" . Ai's portrait was later painted on walls facing streets in Hong Kong by a teenage girl, who attempted to raise awareness of human rights and reveal the dark side of the Chinese government.

neg: Style Wars "people on the street". While "Style Wars" promoted the idea that graffiti is a form of creative expression, not every person within the film held this same belief. In fact, throughout the film we see ways in which institutions such as the government and law enforcement tried arduously to prevent graffiti in New York City. For example, the city spent a large sum of money on negative subway advertisements that portrayed graffiti as a crime. On top of this, the mayor (who at the time was Ed Koch) pushed for the building of fences that would block off the entrances

neg: Bomb the System In all actuality, "Bombing" has nothing to do with actual explosives in graffiti terminology - "to bomb" is graffiti slang for covering a surface with graffiti. Bomb the System Bomb the System is a drama film written and directed by Adam Bhala Lough, which was released to film festivals in 2002 (see 2002 in film) and American theaters in 2005. It revolves around a group of graffiti artists living in New York City who decide to make a mark on the city, and stars Mark Webber, Gano Grills, Jaclyn DeSantis, Jade Yorker, Bönz Malone, Kumar Pallana and Joey SEMZ. "Bomb

neg: H.I.P. H.O.P. Crew, Art of Noise or Madonna and graffiti artists such as Futura 2000. Michael Holman, host of "Graffiti Rock", claims to be the very first person to broadcast a nationwide, Hip Hop TV Show, but "Graffiti Rock" was released only on June, 1984, by 88 syndicated stations across the US, starring Kool Moe Dee, Special K, Run DMC, The New York City Breakers. Two years before, in 1982, Holman aired on New York Cable TV two much earlier shows that were dedicated to Hip Hop Culture called "On Beat" and "TV New York". These local TV shows featured Hip Hop

neg: Scoundrel Days: A Memoir identity of the characters portrayed in "Scoundrel Days" have not been revealed by the author. Other than the first person narrator 'Brentley', the major characters include, in order of appearance: An elder indigenous Australian who is a Kuradji (similar to a shaman) and opens the young protagonist's eyes to the injustices of the European invader. A boy also born into the cult but is a secret member of a locally notorious graffiti posse "The Heartbreak Kids" and serves as the protagonist's link to: A ward of the state half Australian Aboriginal street artist and leader of graffiti posse The Heartbreak

neg: Graffiti in the United States illegal for a person under the age of 21 to possess spray paint or permanent markers. The law prompted outrage by fashion and media mogul Marc Ecko who sued Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Councilmember Vallone on behalf of art students and "legitimate" graffiti artists. On May 1, 2006, Judge George B. Daniels granted the plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction against the recent amendments to the anti-graffiti legislation, effectively prohibiting (on May 4) the New York Police Department from enforcing the restrictions. A similar measure was proposed in New Castle County, Delaware in April 2006 and passed into law as

neg: Graffiti music videos, arguing that real-world experience of graffiti stood far removed from its often-portrayed 'cool' or 'edgy' image. To back the campaign, 123 MPs (including then Prime Minister Tony Blair), signed a charter which stated: "Graffiti is not art, it's crime. On behalf of my constituents, I will do all I can to rid our community of this problem." However, since the early 1990s, the British graffiti scene has been struck by self-titled "art terrorist" Banksy, who has revolutionized the style of UK graffiti (bringing to the forefront stencils to aid the speed of painting), as well as the content;

neg: Ancient Egyptian literature Fischer-Elfert distinguishes ancient Egyptian graffiti writing as a literary genre. During the New Kingdom, scribes who traveled to ancient sites often left graffiti messages on the walls of sacred mortuary temples and pyramids, usually in commemoration of these structures. Modern scholars do not consider these scribes to have been mere tourists, but pilgrims visiting sacred sites where the extinct cult centers could be used for communicating with the gods. There is evidence from an educational ostracon found in the tomb of Senenmut (TT71) that formulaic graffiti writing was practiced in scribal schools. In one graffiti message, left at the mortuary

neg: Do the Dangle A Job") who sang 1958's "At The Hop" at the Woodstock music festival in 1969. Popular music had changed so drastically in the previous ten years that the Woodstock audience could laugh knowingly at the perceived naivete of the 1950s. The film "American Graffiti", first shown in 1973 (the same year of "Rigor Mortis Sets In") was the real instigation of the fad for the so-called "Fabulous '50s" which also inspired the hit TV series "Happy Days". Although "American Graffiti" was set in 1962, its soundtrack featured 1950s music, to emphasize that society was about to change drastically the following

neg: Gang injunction public property, trespassing on private property with the intent to place graffiti, and an order for the gang to clean up the graffiti that displayed the name of their gang. The injunction also requested that the seventy-two named defendants be required to do five hours of community service to clean up graffiti. While Los Angeles first began using gang injunctions in the 1980s, the first injunction to make headlines was obtained by Los Angeles City Attorney James Hahn against the West Los Angeles–based Playboys Gansta Crip in 1987. The move was hailed as an innovative way for law enforcement to

neg: Street artist or using public money on private property. Graffiti art is often seen as a controversial art form and can at times be referred to as vandalism. However some graffiti artists have become famous for their art, notably Banksy. Street artist A street artist is a person who makes art in public places. Street artists include portrait artists, caricaturists, graffiti artists, muralists and people making crafts. Street artists can also refer to street performers such as musicians, acrobats, jugglers, living statues, and street theatre performers. Street artists can be seen throughout the world. Some countries and sub-national jurisdictions require a license

neg: Graffiti in Hong Kong advertisement for some companies. Similar to other countries however, graffiti is considered defacing public property and is technically an illegal act in Hong Kong. While graffiti is not prosecuted as commonly as in the United States, fines and arrest still do occur. Graffiti is a term applied to a range of illegally created marks in which there has been an attempt to establish some sort of coherent composition that people could resonate with, or one that conveys messages. Such marks are made by an individual or individuals, who might not be professional artists, upon a wall or other surface that

neg: Graffiti in Toronto the city will remove the graffiti for them and send the bill. Graffiti allowed by municipal permits is called "graffiti art". Graffiti art does not need to be removed. The first legalization of graffiti was established by the Queen Street West BIA for the area colloquially known as Graffiti Alley (originally Rush Lane). Chair of the BIA, Spencer Sutherland, initiated this movement to protect property owners who did not wish to remove the graffiti street art and were being ticketed. The BIA claimed that the area was culturally significant, citing Rick Mercer's famous walk through the laneway at the start

neg: Hip hop the most controversial of hip hop's elements, as a number of the most notable graffiti pioneers say that they do not consider graffiti to be an element of hip hop, including Lady Pink, Seen, Blade, Fargo, Cholly Rock, Fuzz One, and Coco 144. Lady Pink says, "I don't think graffiti is hip hop. Frankly I grew up with disco music. There's a long background of graffiti as an entity unto itself," and Fargo says, "There is no correlation between hip hop and graffiti, one has nothing to do with the other." Hip hop pioneer Grandmaster Flash has also questioned the

neg: Srbija do Tokija a short-lived war in Slovenia, and a full-scale war in Croatia. In this context, the phrase's associations with Serbian victory made it particularly appealing to nationalists and militarists. Graffiti containing the message in Vojvodina, Central Serbia, as well as in Republika Srpska and other parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Such graffiti was also seen in Kosovo during the Kosovo War. In the Kosovo village of Lozica, the local Albanian population was claiming that the graffiti "Srbije do Tokija" was written by Serbian military forces during the destruction of the village. During 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, phrase was expanded. "Srbija do Tokija,

neg: Kilroy was here may have been derived from a British cartoonist in 1938, possibly pre-dating "Kilroy was here". According to Dave Wilton, "Some time during the war, Chad and Kilroy met, and in the spirit of Allied unity merged, with the British drawing appearing over the American phrase." Other names for the character include Smoe, Clem, Flywheel, Private Snoops, Overby, The Jeep, and Sapo. According to Charles Panati, "The outrageousness of the graffiti was not so much what it said, but where it turned up." It is not known if there was an actual person named Kilroy who inspired the graffiti, although there

neg: Graffiti in the United States or 'piece' in 1972. Super Kool 223 is credited as being the first to do these pieces. The use of designs such as polka dots, crosshatches, and checkers became increasingly popular. Spray paint use increased dramatically around this time as artists began to expand their work. "Top-to-bottoms", works which span the entire height of a subway car, made their first appearance around this time as well. The overall creativity and artistic maturation of this time period did not go unnoticed by the public – Hugo Martinez founded the United Graffiti Artists (UGA) in 1972. UGA consisted of many top graffiti

neg: Graffiti elements of Banksy and his use of political imagery. On top of the political aspect of graffiti as a movement, political groups and individuals may also use graffiti as a tool to spread their point of view. This practice, due to its illegality, has generally become favored by groups excluded from the political mainstream (e.g. far-left or far-right groups) who justify their activity by pointing out that they do not have the money – or sometimes the desire – to buy advertising to get their message across, and that a "ruling class" or "establishment" controls the mainstream press, systematically excluding

neg: Style Wars to subways where graffiti artists would create their work. Additionally, he had police guard dogs put into these areas to scare away those who may enter. Both Koch and The New York City Police Department rallied endlessly at an attempt to convince the city’s youth that graffiti is vandalism and that if they participated in it they would ruin their futures. Another perspective on graffiti shown in this film is that of well known artists. Many of them state that the reason why these teens spray paint murals on the sides of buildings is because they do not have any

neg: Graffiti in New York City achieved such elaborate graffiti (especially those done in memory of a deceased person) on storefront gates that shopkeepers have hesitated to cover them up. In the Bronx after the death of rapper Big Pun, several murals dedicated to his life done by BG183, Bio, Nicer TATS CRU appeared virtually overnight; similar outpourings occurred after the deaths of The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur, Big L, and Jam Master Jay. Street artist/Rapper Magneto Dayo did a song with visual dedicated to the graffiti culture titled "Royalty Of The UnderWorld" Notes Further reading Graffiti in New York City Graffiti in New York City

neg: Northern Illinois University shooting The campus was shut down on December 10, 2007, the first day during exam week, after graffiti was found on a restroom wall warning of a possible shooting. A university spokesman said that the warning, which was discovered December 10, made reference to the Virginia Tech massacre, in which 33 people were killed, but it could not be immediately determined whether the threat was related to the shootings on February 14, 2008. The "Chicago Sun-Times" reported at that time that an unknown person posted the graffiti in the Grant Towers D residence hall, which included a racial slur and the

neg: SAMO slogans. Some were outright surrealist, or looked like fragments of poetry." People began to notice the graffiti appearing on walls all over downtown, recognizing the strange phrases, but no one knew who did them. Basquiat and Diaz claimed they could sometimes do thirty on a busy day. Sometimes the SAMO© graffiti would refer to its own spread, as in a large, mural sized, multiple choice graffiti: Art critic Jeffrey Deitch called it "disjointed street poetry" and remembered that "Back in the late seventies, you couldn't go anywhere interesting in Lower Manhattan without noticing that someone named SAMO had been there

neg: Commercial graffiti if there is legal permission by the government for graffiti people would do it during peak hours in communities for maximum exposure( Navrátilová, L. Milichovský, F(2015)). Commercial graffiti Commercial graffiti (also known as aerosol advertising or graffiti for hire) is the commercial practice of graffiti artists being paid for their work. In New York City in particular, commercial graffiti is big business and since the 1980s has manifested itself in many of the major cities of Europe such as London, Paris and Berlin. Increasingly it has been used to promote video games and even feature prominently within them, reflecting a

neg: Shit House Poet devoted to the first Iraq war in 1991. The episodes are marked by a "testimonial" style, and are always narrated in first person as if they were actual recollections of events. In 2010 Shit House Poet will mark its 20th year of publication in World War 3 Illustrated. The Shit House Poet stories are distinguished by their visual influences: late 1970s graffiti and street art aesthetics, particularly the aerosol murals on New York City’s subway trains in the period. Exclusively in black and white since its 1991 debut, the comic strip utilizes graffiti-inspired splash pages for its episode titles and

neg: Commercial graffiti Adidas, Rebel8 Osiris or Circa Meanwhile, there are many others such as DZINE, Daze, Blade, The Mac etc. which have developed into gallery artists and at times do not even use their initial medium (spray paint) to produce artwork. Keith Haring, a well-known graffiti artist, contributed to bringing graffiti to the commercial mainstream. In the 1980s, Haring opened his first Pop Shop: a store that offered everyone access to his works—which until then could only be found spray-painted on city walls. Pop Shop offered commodities like bags and T-shirts. Haring explained that, "The Pop Shop makes my work accessible. It's

neg: Cornbread (graffiti artist) adopted. The YDC was full of Philadelphia gang members who would write their names on the walls of the facility. McCray was never part of a gang, but he would write his new nickname, "Cornbread", on the walls next to the gang members. He was the first person to tag his own name and not a gang name or symbol. When McCray was released from the YDC, he went to Strawberry Mansion Junior High School. There, he developed a crush on a girl named Cynthia Custuss. To win her attention, he wrote “Cornbread Loves Cynthia” all over North Philadelphia. After

neg: Orange (2010 film) story of his love life to a police officer, Abhishek Verma (Prakash Raj) as he defaces a graffiti of his lover while her father (Prabhu Ganesan) listens. Ram is introduced to be an youngster who loves graffiti and doesn’t believe in everlasting love. He has gone through 9 loves in his life, and thinks that love between two people eventually dies out. As a person with strong morals, he is honest and wants to love life and live with open mind, open thought and open action with his lover. Jaanu (Genelia D'Souza) studies in the same college as Ram. He

neg: Singapore hip hop They are Zul Mystroe ( showcase category) & Dharni (battle category). It is also noted that Dharni, who earlier in 2009, was placed 4th in the Beatbox Battle World championship. Singapore hip hop Singapore hip hop is a collective of hip hop music, graffiti arts, deejaying/turntablism, break dancing and beatboxing, which are performed by hip hop enthusiasts who are of Singapore descent mainly from the four races of the metropolis; the Chinese, Malays, Indians and the Eurasian. This article and its contents are exact up-to-date, through first-person written documents and oral accounts. This article focuses primarily on Singapore hip hop

neg: Zephyr (artist) Zephyr (artist) ZEPHYR, born Andrew Witten, is a graffiti artist, lecturer and author from New York City. He began creating graffiti in 1975 and first signed using the name "Zephyr" in 1977. He is considered a graffiti "elder", who along with Futura 2000, Blade, PHASE 2, CASH, Lady Pink and TAKI 183 invented styles and standards which are still in use. Much of Zephyr's original work was graffiti applied on New York City Subway rolling stock. Witten has commented on this period of his work: From 1977 to 1981, Zephyr was a key member of graffiti crews including The Rebels

neg: Shemanski Fountain was coated with a sealant to protect it from the elements and graffiti. In July 1988, the fountain re-opened following nearly a year of reconditioning. A dedication ceremony to mark the restoration was held on the afternoon of July 18. One park designer with the Park Bureau said, "the water will be turned on for the first time that anybody can remember." Lipman, Logan and Wolfstone attended the ceremony. Logan, aged 88, was the only surviving person who participated in the fountain's design and construction. The men offered funds for part of the renovation and the purchase of a bronze

neg: Fab Five Freddy didn’t understand the importance and the significance of what happened because, see, really what this comes down to is that my background basically is that of a vandal. I vandalize public property...In the real world, in New York, what made graffiti what it is, was the marriage which was the placing of the individual’s mark on that blank surface. But that blank surface that the individual graffiti person tags on, belongs to someone." The following month, Freddy was booked on Henry Chalfant's "Graffiti Rock" performance with Rock Steady Crew at Common Ground gallery in SoHo (not to be confused with

neg: Beco do Batman 2014 FIFA World Cup and there was a corresponding rise in reported incidents of robbery and assault in and around Beco do Batman during the period (2013–2014). The graffiti of Beco do Batman is now continually renovated and cared for by local community members. Beco do Batman Beco do Batman (English: Batman's Alley) is the nickname for the area around Rua Gonçalo Afonso and Rua Medeiros de Albuquerque in the Vila Madalena neighborhood of São Paulo. Beco do Batman is a popular tourist destination because of the dense concentration of graffiti that line the streets. The nickname for the area

neg: Servít je vůl infamous for his extensive rigour in exams. Later accounts claim the phrase refers to a different person of the same name. Students started writing the words "Servít je vůl" on the walls of public restrooms in bars nearby the CTU campus. Thanks to the political mood in the 1960s Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, this graffiti has gradually spread out of Prague, the country and Europe through students and their voices. These graffiti have prevailed for generations all around the world. Some of the confirmed locations where this graffiti was found: As time progressed, various new versions of the phrase were created,

neg: Infamous First Light combat. "Infamous First Light" is an action-adventure game set in an open world environment and played from a third-person perspective, similar to "Infamous Second Son"; players complete levels, defeat enemies and finish side missions. The player takes control of Abigail 'Fetch' Walker, a young "conduit" who possesses superhero-like 'Neon' powers. With a few exceptions, Abigail's powers play identically to Delsin Rowe's Neon powers, but "First Light" introduces several new features. In Neon races, Fetch can chase down floating balls of Neon gas and Conduit energy called "Lumens" that reward her with skill points to increase her powers. The graffiti mini

neg: Antonne Jones this girl named Yvette and it blew me away. From that point on I was inspired to be a storyteller. My love for writing, Jones continues, maturated with writing graffiti". Jones said he also credits LL Cool J as someone who inspired him not only as a writer but also as a person. In 1997, Jones started his own publishing company, ELDON Publishing Company and released his first novel, 'The Family: A Philadelphia Mob Story’, under his imprint in August 1999. To date, the book remains as one of all-time top selling urban fiction books with over 3.5 million copies

neg: RISK (graffiti artist) Jewish family and raised in Louisiana, Graval moved with his family to Los Angeles in 1983 where he enrolled at University High School on the city’s west side. RISK made the high school his personal canvas, tagging his name everywhere during the day and returning at night to do pieces. In 1985, RISK and RIVAL started the graffiti crew WCA (West Coast Artists). RISK was one of seven high school students who received a scholarship to attend the Pasadena Art Institute. RISK would later go on to study fine art at USC. Later, RISK became involved in various Hollywood projects.

neg: Graffiti in the United States to take up entire subway cars. A notable development was the "throw-up," which is more complex than simple "tagging" but not as intricate as a "piece." Not long after their introduction, throw-ups led to races to see who could do the largest number in the shortest time. Graffiti writing was becoming very competitive and artists strove to go "all-city," or to have their names seen in all five boroughs. Eventually, the standards set in the early 1970s began to stagnate, and in the 1980s artists began to expand and change the subculture as described in the 1984 book Subway Art.

neg: Far Cry New Dawn vibrant colour palette. To give Highwaymen a visual identity, the team invited a graffiti artist to create the game's art and graffiti. Similar to "" and "Far Cry Primal", the game is a smaller production when compared to the series' main entries, a decision reflected by the game's lower launch price. Announced at The Game Awards 2018, the game is set to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on February 15, 2019. Far Cry New Dawn Far Cry New Dawn is an upcoming first-person shooter developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game is

neg: Four to the Floor different videos for "Four to the Floor." In the first one, the band played in a scenario accompanied by the members of a symphonic orchestra appearing and disappearing according to the development of the song and the instruments. The second one, which uses the Thin White Duke remix of the song, features a genderless little person of unknown age in a hooded winter jacket spray-painting graffiti on public walls in or near the city of London. The band members of Starsailor are depicted as animated graffiti whilst playing the title song throughout. At the end of the video the faceless,

neg: Martha Cooper personal work, the New York City graffiti scene of the 1970s and 1980s, began while working at the "New York Post." On her return home from the Post she began taking photographs of children in her New York City neighborhood. One day she met a young kid named Edwin Serrano (He3) who helped expose her to some of the graffiti around her neighborhood. Serrano helped to explain to her that Graffiti is an art form and that each artist was actually writing his/her nickname. He introduced her to the graffiti "king", Dondi. Dondi was the first to allow her to

neg: Fragile Dreams: Farewell Ruins of the Moon on human drama. In "Fragile Dreams", aside of the main story, the player can find and examine objects and graffiti throughout the world. Objects called memory items (ranging from origami and stones to cell phones and books) hold the memories of their former owners (only accessible at bonfires), while the graffiti contains messages only seen by pointing at them in first-person. By examining these messages, the player can piece together hints to the game's backstory. "Fragile Dreams" is set in a post-apocalyptic version of Earth in the near-future. Almost all the world's population has vanished, leaving the surviving buildings and

neg: Nug (graffiti artist) film. Konstfack has stated that regardless of the criminal nature of the project, basic administrative law regulations do not permit his degree to be revoked but the school is investigating if they made any errors when they let him use this work for graduation. Nug (graffiti artist) Nug (born 1972, real name Magnus Gustafsson) is a Swedish graffiti artist. He has been active in the Stockholm area and been called one of the worst graffiti vandals in Sweden but his works have also been shown at places like the art fair Market. Nug started painting graffiti illegally in the mid

neg: Graffiti photographs of New York City Subway Graffiti Art. Keith Haring was another well-known graffiti artist who brought Pop Art and graffiti to the commercial mainstream. In the 1980s, Haring opened his first Pop Shop: a store that offered everyone access to his works, which until then could only be found spray-painted on city walls. Pop Shop offered commodities such as bags and t-shirts. Haring explained that "The Pop Shop makes my work accessible. It's about participation on a big level, the point was that we didn't want to produce things that would cheapen the art. In other words, this was

neg: P.T. (video game) series. "P.T." has also been alluded to in other video games. The antagonist, Lisa, made a cameo in another video game directed by Kojima, "" (2015). The radio monologue from the beginning of P.T. can also be found playing on a radio as an easter egg. Additionally, the first-person survival-horror video game "Allison Road" was heavily inspired by "P.T." "Allison Road" is to take place in a haunted townhouse in the United Kingdom and feature a male protagonist who attempts to unravel the mystery behind his missing family over five nights. In the demo, some wall graffiti directly alludes to

neg: 2018 French Guiana's 2nd constituency by-election In March 2017, he announced his intention to run in the 1st constituency of French Guiana before later renouncing the possibility. He received the official backing of the Guianese Socialist Party (PSG) after Mylène Mazia declared her candidacy before receiving the investiture of the party. After a supporter discovered racist graffiti against Riché and posted a video of it on social media, public prosecutor Éric Vaillant announced the opening of an investigation by the authorities in Kourou to locate the person who wrote it. Riché was targeted by similar anti-white racism during his first mayoral campaign. After being eliminated in

neg: Are You In?: Nike+ Original Run - Sports Music" series, specifically designed for runners. Posdnuos of De La Soul stated, "When we first heard about this project we were psyched on the challenge. We pride ourselves on being able to get bodies moving, so it was cool to do it with a specific goal in mind – giving runners the sonic fuel to clock some miles." "Are You In?" was the first album by De La Soul to be released in five years. The album artwork was designed by Joe Buckingham, Posdnuos' favorite graffiti artist, who also designed various other De La Soul covers and designs.

neg: Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 nuisance by noise. Councils also now have the power to serve a "graffiti removal notice" on the person in control (usually the owner) of any surface that is street furniture (street furniture is, usually a telephone box, letterbox, bus stop) where graffiti has been applied, this legislation does not apply to private property. There is a right of appeal to the magistrates court over such a notice, and one ground for appeal is that 'the defacement is neither detrimental to the amenity of the area nor offensive'. It makes the sale of aerosol paint to any person under 16 illegal.

neg: Graffiti on the Train Graffiti on the Train Graffiti on the Train is the eighth studio album by Welsh rock band Stereophonics. Produced by the group's lead-singer and guitarist Kelly Jones and Jim Lowe, it was released on 4 March 2013 on their own Stylus Records. It was the first Stereophonics album since "Keep Calm and Carry On" (2009), marking the first time they had not released a record within two years. It was intended for an October 2012 release date and took nearly two years to complete. This is the last record to feature drummer Javier Weyler, who was officially replaced by Jamie

neg: Jeff Soto conflict among graffiti writers. Ten years later in London, Soto visited artists D*Face and Word To Mother. Seeing their work in person inspired Soto to begin painting on walls again. Since then, Soto has reconnected with his graffiti roots and painted murals in New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Miami, London and Paris. In 2010 he participated in the Underbelly Project, an illegal art gallery beneath the city of New York. In 2011 he completed his largest wall painting to date- "Les Chat Terrible" in Lyon, France. Soto claims he is not a graffiti writer or street artist, rather he calls

neg: Ancient Maya graffiti residences and workplaces. Three pairs of graffiti found both at Río Bec and Holmul (sites separated by over ), with similar quality, and technique, possess such similarity in design, down to the smallest details, that they are almost certain to be the product of the same untrained Late Classic artist. The three designs found at both sites consist of a seated person in a canopied litter being carried by two porters, an intricate geometrical symbol, and a seated figure blowing a wind instrument. Preliminary studies indicate that most ancient Maya graffiti were executed by members of the Late Classic elite

neg: Graffiti Bridge (film) Graffiti Bridge (film) Graffiti Bridge is a 1990 American rock musical drama film written by, directed by, and starring Prince in his fourth and final film role. It is the sequel to his 1984 film "Purple Rain". Like its predecessor, it was accompanied by a soundtrack album of the same name. The plot continues with The Kid, living future life as an upbeat performer and co-owner of a club, Glam Slam, which was willed to him from Billy, who was the owner of First Avenue Club in the first film. Solitary and lovelorn, he spends his personal time composing songs,

neg: Native American hip hop rappers, and graffiti artists. The Native American contribution to hip-hop can occasionally be veiled by the ethnic umbrella term of Hispanic or Latino, terms that do not specifically refer to race. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget currently defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race". Hip-hop has, in more recent times, grown in popularity not only in urban settings but also on reservations since it has become ubiquitous on television and radio. Political activism and its expression in art has also

neg: Daku (artist) with Bond, created 200 square meter graffiti at IIT Bombay TechFest in 2011. Before Indian general election, 2014, he painted a graffiti "Mat Do" at F-block, Connaught Place which had dual meaning, "don’t give vote" or "vote". It showed a fisted hand with an inked middle finger. Daku has created street arts with light, shadows and reflections. He first experimented during Kochi biennale, 2012 and put mirrors to reflect texts such as “Time Flies” or “Time Travel” for limited time in a day. He installed a shadow art in Lodhi Colony, Delhi in March 2016. He organized India's first-ever street

neg: Keep the Village Alive Keep the Village Alive Keep the Village Alive is the ninth studio album by Welsh rock band Stereophonics. Released on 11 September 2015, it was produced by lead singer and guitarist Kelly Jones, along with Jim Lowe. It is intended to be the second of two album volumes, with its predecessor "Graffiti on the Train" being the first. It is the first album to feature Jamie Morrison, who joined during the production of "Graffiti on the Train" in 2012. "Keep the Village Alive" was met with a similar positive response as "Graffiti on the Train" and topped the UK Albums

neg: SAMO didn't think about making paintings, I just thought about making fun of the ones that were in there." While this was true of Basquiat and Diaz in the early SAMO graffiti, soon Basquiat was trying to cash in on his graffiti fame and make the transition to the gallery world. Looking at his friends from SVA, Haring, Scharff and Basquiat would all make the transition from graffiti to gallery about the same time, but only Basquiat completely changed his style in order to do it. In early 1980, Diaz and Basquiat had a falling out. Soon Basquiat was writing "SAMO

neg: Revs (graffiti artist) and Mouse" first aired 2/24/06, episode 309). Revs (graffiti artist) Revs is the tag name of a New York City graffiti artist whose wheat paste stickers, roller pieces, murals, sculptures, and spray-painted diary entries have earned him over the course of two decades the reputation of an artist provocateur. Revs, whose real name is unknown, is perhaps most widely known for his collaborating in the 90's with another graffiti writer, Adam Cost, of Queens. In a 1993 "New York Times" interview, Revs, who was formerly known as "Revlon," said he shortened the tag name to "Revs" during an epiphany that

neg: Paint Louis floodwall, along the Mississippi river all south of the Gateway Arch. Paint Louis is an international gathering of writers from around the world: Two days of graffiti writing and painting usually from the Saturday and Sunday of the main event period over American Labor Day holiday. Extra cans called "scrap cans" are made available for free on the Saturday of the event to function as an outreach program to the community where seasoned graffiti writers teach kids the basics of graffiti writing. It is a family friendly event. Group of local St. Louis graffiti writers come together to do a

neg: Lupanar (Pompeii) Lupanar were plainly furnished. A mattress on a brick platform served as a bed. There have been 134 graffiti transcribed from the Lupanar at Pompeii. The presence of this graffiti served as one of the criteria for identifying the building as a brothel. Examples of graffiti from the Lupanar include: Other examples can be traced to other locations in Pompeii. Persons of wealth generally did not visit brothels because of the availability of mistresses or slave concubines. The graffiti do tell stories, however. Various authors respond to each other's carvings in a sort of dialogue. Lupanar (Pompeii) The Lupanar of

neg: SJK 171 graffiti writing around this same time. In 1972, SJK 171 as one of the founding members of United Graffiti Artists, a professional graffiti collective which began to attract media attention. He was featured in an essay on graffiti art by Richard Goldstein which appeared in "New York Magazine" and inspired a new generation of graffiti artists. The University of Chicago The Renaissance Society displayed the first Spray enamel on canvas 24" x 36" featuring United Graffiti Artists, including SJK 171. SJK 171 was one of the first documenters on photographing graffiti on the NYC subway trains and platforms. SJK 171

neg: Jamaica Kincaid writing for a teenage girls' magazine and changed her name to Jamaica Kincaid in 1973 when her writing was first published. She described changing her name as "a way for [her] to do things without being the same person who couldn't do them—the same person who had all these weights". On her choice of first and last name, Kincaid explained that Jamaica is an English corruption of what Columbus called Xaymaca as well as it is the part of the world that she is from and Kincaid appeared to go well with Jamaica. Kincaid became a writer for "The Village

neg: Piet Hein (scientist) every knock at the door would have sent shivers up my spine. So, I joined the Resistance." Taking as his first weapon the instrument with which he was most familiar, the pen, he wrote and had published his first "grook" ("gruk" in Danish). It passed the censors who did not grasp its real meaning. The Danes, however, understood its importance and soon it was found as graffiti all around the country. The deeper meaning of the grook was that even if you lose your freedom ("losing one glove"), do not lose your patriotism and self-respect by collaborating with the Nazis

neg: Gronk (artist) venue that where Asco famously left its graffiti "tag" decades earlier in protest against the official Chicano art of "Los Four." He also curated "Altares", a small exhibition at UCLA's Hammer Museum. "I didn't go to galleries or museums. They weren't a part of my childhood. Yet all I had to do was walk outside my front door to see visual images all around me. Graffiti was everywhere and it helped me develop what I wanted to do." "Ephemeral is also art." "I'm an observer of my time, and I share my observations. That for me is the greatest job

neg: The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) that unlocked countdown timers for the cities of Los Angeles, New York City, Atlanta, Denver, Seattle and Phoenix, Arizona. Once the countdown was up, each of the city-specific Twitter accounts for the marketing campaign sent out five locations in each city. A person at each spot waited to give the first person with the password a package and the tag-name "operative". These operatives painted the Spider-Man logo as graffiti. The operatives then could view a scene related to the film. The main viral website revealed hints to other websites, such as a photo blog that expressed Peter Parker's point of

neg: Video game art conventions and functions of game play. Examples of this include Anne Marie Schleiner's "Velvet-Strike" (a project designed to allow players of realistic first person shooter games to use anti-war graffiti within the game to make an artistic statement) and "Dead in Iraq" (an art project created by Joseph DeLappe in which the player character purposely allows himself to be shot and then recites the names of US soldiers who have died in the Iraq War). Site-specific installations and site-relative gaming modifications ("mods"), replicate real-world places (often the art gallery in which they are displayed) to explore similarities and differences between

neg: Graffiti connecting points. These pieces are often harder to read by non-graffiti artists as the letters merge into one another in an often-undecipherable manner. Some artists also use self-adhesive stickers as a quick way to do catch ups. While certain critics from within graffiti culture consider this lazy, stickers can be quite detailed in their own right and often, are used in conjunction with other materials. Sticker tags are commonly executed on blank postage stickers, as these can easily be acquired with no cost on the writer's part. Many graffiti artists believe that doing complex pieces involves too great an investment

neg: Brim Fuentes Zulu Nation led to Brim being featured in one of the most important videos in hip-hop culture, “Afrika Bambaataa - Renegades of Funk”, Brim was also featured in many other important documentaries and movies about Hip-Hop and graffiti culture from that time period including Dick Fontaine's 1987 documentary "Bombin" where he was introduced to fellow British graffiti artists Goldie and 3D (who later went on to form Massive Attack) . Brim became Goldie's artistic mentor, New York was the place that lifted his horizons, and America was where he would later become "Goldie". Brim was documented as the first graffiti

neg: Graffiti in New York City ordinance in May 2006. At the same time, graffiti has begun to enter mainstream. Much controversy arose on whether graffiti should be considered an actual form of art. Since the 1980s, museums and art galleries started treating graffiti seriously. Many graffiti artists had taken to displaying their works in galleries and owning their own studios. This practice started in the early 1980s with artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, who started out tagging locations with his signature SAMO (Same Old S***), and Keith Haring, who was also able to take his art into studio spaces. In some cases, graffiti artists had

neg: Alex Martinez (graffiti artist) community murals in W11. He curated the first two mobile graffiti exhibitions (Canvas and found Ply-board works) for the Portobello Film Festival. His mural of Samuel Beckett, on Blenheim Crescent in London, has been used for book jackets and postcards. Martinez spends much of his time working abroad. Martinez has written on graffiti and street art under the pen name SHINE. Alex Martinez (graffiti artist) Alex Martinez (also known by his Tag name SHINE) is a United States-born international artist who specializes in graffiti art. He has worked as an illustrator and muralist in Greece and the UK. His uncle

neg: Graffiti on beauty and design aspects of graffiti as opposed to Banksy's anti-government shock value. Her paintings are often of flower designs above shops and stores in her local urban area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some store owners endorse her work and encourage others to do similar work as well. "One of the pieces was left up above Steve's Kitchen, because it looks pretty awesome"- Erin Scott, the manager of New England Comics in Allston, Massachusetts. Graffiti often has a reputation as part of a subculture that rebels against authority, although the considerations of the practitioners often diverge and can relate to

neg: Graffiti in New York City downtown art and music scenes. It was around this time that the established art world started becoming receptive to the graffiti culture for the first time since Hugo Martinez's Razor Gallery in the early 1970s. The growth of graffiti in New York City was helped by its subway system, whose accessibility and interconnectedness facilitated the rise of a community of subway graffiti writers and muralists. It was also aided by the budgetary restraints on New York City, which limited its ability to remove graffiti and perform transit maintenance. Mayor John Lindsay declared the first war on graffiti in 1972, but

neg: Paul Harpole McDowell, came in second with 13 percent of the vote. To keep his campaign promise to fight graffiti, Harpole created a graffiti task force a few months after taking office. The city appropriated $150,000 for the group's first year, and Amarillo National Bank donated an additional $50,000. On April 24, 2012, the Amarillo City Council unanimously approved an anti-graffiti ordinance that prohibited the position of spray cans by minors under 17, and gave the city the power to fine property owners who did not clean up graffiti. Commenting on the issue, Mayor Harpole said, "It's not a joke. You're a

neg: Singapore hip hop Singapore hip hop Singapore hip hop is a collective of hip hop music, graffiti arts, deejaying/turntablism, break dancing and beatboxing, which are performed by hip hop enthusiasts who are of Singapore descent mainly from the four races of the metropolis; the Chinese, Malays, Indians and the Eurasian. This article and its contents are exact up-to-date, through first-person written documents and oral accounts. This article focuses primarily on Singapore hip hop icons, discography, historical events, DMC World DJ Championship representatives, in and out of Singapore. This article also focuses on how Singapore has its hip hop origins and culture scene in

neg: Julio 204 Julio "was busted and stopped". Julio 204 kept his tags localized to his own neighborhood, and never rose to the height of fame as Taki, who was the first to go "All City". Julio 204 JULIO 204 was one of the first graffiti writers in New York City. He started writing his nickname in his neighborhood as early as 1968. Julio was a Puerto Rican who lived on 204th Street in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan, and was a member of the Savage Skulls. In 1971 the "New York Times" published an article about another graffiti writer with similar form,

neg: Jesse Eisenberg Before Your Feet", which follows a 37-year-old man named Matt Green who has walked over 8,000 miles on the streets of New York City. In an interview with Variety, Eisenberg talked about his experience walking with Green, stating, "His knowledge about the specifics of New York City is so unbelievable, whether it be why a fire hydrant is this color to why graffiti on this street matches graffiti in Green Point, Brooklyn, because the artist has a cousin and they do a similar tag." The film premiered at the 2018 South by Southwest Film Festival. Eisenberg is creating, writing, and

neg: Graffiti Soul recording of "Graffiti Soul", Jim Kerr stated: «We really are flowing with ideas at the moment and [...] I do feel that we are possibly writing two albums simultaneously at present.» Several tracks were omitted from "Graffiti Soul" so that the album had more focus. Possible candidates include "Six Degrees Of Separation", "Lotus Effect" and "Shaman". At the time of the album release, Charlie Burchill stated about the new album: «We would create ideas and work on those ideas for hours. That's the way we worked upon "Graffiti Soul"'s tracks; we worked upon ideas and just let them evolve over

neg: Women on Walls many different issues, including the political, the social, the economic and the cultural." Mia Gröndahl is a Swedish journalist and street art documentarian who has lived in Egypt since 1996. She first became interested in graffiti when she lived in Gaza prior to moving to Egypt. After the advent of the January 25 Revolution, she spent over a year and a half documenting revolutionary street art in Egyptian cities for her book "Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the New Egypt". It was through her research for this book that she was inspired to promote female graffiti; of the 17,000 pieces

neg: OSGEMEOS graffiti emulated early New York City hip hop pieces. It was some years before they began to put Brazilian cultural elements and influences into their graffiti. Their first significant artistic influence outside their immediate environment, and their limited access to American hip hop (Style Wars, Subway Art, Beat Street), stemmed from a chance encounter with Barry McGee (also known as Twist), who was in Brazil for several months on a study abroad program through the San Francisco Art Institute in 1993. Technique and experience were shared, and McGee provided photographs of American graffiti. Through McGee, OSGEMEOS met Allen Benedikt (founder

neg: Mickey Factz an artist but also as a person. Deeply personal and honest, this was enjoyed by a wide variety of people who could relate to his deep and heartfelt lyrics. In 2012, Factz tried to release Mickey MauSe under his label, but they considered it to be too artistic and did not back it up. Factz went on to release this experimental project himself and in the album, Mickey Mause became his pseudo character, thrown into the 1980s as a graffiti writer who was later kicked out by his parents for being a troubled youth. This project represented what it truly

neg: Keep the Village Alive Chart, becoming the band's first to do so since "Pull the Pin" (2007). During the writing process for the band's previous album "Graffiti on the Train" (2013), Kelly Jones had written 40 song ideas, 30 of which were recorded and completed. With the intention of releasing an album trilogy, the band decided against this idea after Green Day released their "¡Uno! ¡Dos! ¡Tré!" series, instead planning to release another album with ten songs. Tracks from these sessions were included in "Keep the Village Alive", though these track names are not stated. Stereophonics had finished their Graffiti on the Train Tour

neg: Graffiti on the Train Tour Graffiti on the Train Tour The Graffiti on the Train Tour was a worldwide concert tour by rock band Stereophonics. The band have played at festivals as well as their own shows while on the tour. It was the band's first tour without drummer Javier Weyler, who was replaced by Jamie Morrison. The tour started in Newport, Wales on 15 December 2012 and is set to end in London, England on 28 November 2013. During their leg in Japan, lead singer Kelly Jones twisted his ankle after a night out with Morrison. With their flight due to leave within a

neg: Bomb the System Bomb the System Bomb the System is a drama film written and directed by Adam Bhala Lough, which was released to film festivals in 2002 (see 2002 in film) and American theaters in 2005. It revolves around a group of graffiti artists living in New York City who decide to make a mark on the city, and stars Mark Webber, Gano Grills, Jaclyn DeSantis, Jade Yorker, Bönz Malone, Kumar Pallana and Joey SEMZ. "Bomb the System" was the first major fictional feature film about the subculture of graffiti art since "Wild Style" was released 1982. Several well-known graffiti artists participated

neg: Graffiti Bridge (film) the first time on October 4, 2016 separately in a purple case and as part of the Prince Movie Collection. Graffiti Bridge (film) Graffiti Bridge is a 1990 American rock musical drama film written by, directed by, and starring Prince in his fourth and final film role. It is the sequel to his 1984 film "Purple Rain". Like its predecessor, it was accompanied by a soundtrack album of the same name. The plot continues with The Kid, living future life as an upbeat performer and co-owner of a club, Glam Slam, which was willed to him from Billy, who was

neg: Ancient Maya graffiti not correspond in most cases to that of formal Classic Maya art. Theories attributing a Postclassic origin to such graffiti are based on the idea that it was produced by squatters who intended to desecrate Classic period ruins. Although much Río Bec graffiti was produced during residential occupation, additional graffiti appears to have been inscribed by squatters after abandonment. Maya graffiti were scratched onto the targeted surface using some kind of pointed tool. Stucco surfaces at Maya sites are extremely hard, and incising graffiti was technically difficult. Basic lines and curves were relatively easy to mark, but complex curves and

neg: Deadly Buda Henry Chalfant and James Prigoff. The style was influential to graffiti writers. Twisting “3-D” is now a common stylistic element of modern graffiti art. Bevacqua's interest in DJing began in the mid-1980s. He was first interested in Hip Hop music. A neighbor who happened to be a disco DJ heard him "scratching" records from across the street, and offered to teach him to DJ and gave him records in exchange for mowing his lawn. On choosing the name "Deadly Buda", Bevacqua said that he wanted to capitalize on his graffiti notoriety, and at the same time sound like a kung-fu

neg: Duclod Man Duclod Man The Duclod Man was the title given to a man, identified as Robert W. McEwen, who over two decades generated mystery and speculation by sending out dozens of unusual anonymous letters to college students and posting writings on internet pages. The letters, internet writings, and library bathroom graffiti included the word "duclod" (ostensibly a portmanteau of dual and closeted, or a bisexual person who hides his or her sexuality from both gay and straight people.) The activity occurred over three decades until his identity was discovered in 2007 by Sarah Aswell, a journalist writing for "The Advocate". In

neg: Yarn bombing Artist Shanon Schollian was knitting stump cozies in 2002 for clear cuts in Oregon. The Knit Knot Tree by the Jafagirls in Yellow Springs, Ohio gained international attention in 2008. The movement moved on from simple 'cozies' with the innovation of the 'stitched story'. The concept has been attributed to Lauren O'Farrell (who creates her street art under the graffiti knitting name Deadly Knitshade), from London, UK, who founded the city's first graffiti knitting collective Knit the City. The 'stitched story concept' uses handmade amigurumi creatures, characters and items to tell a narrative or show a theme. This was first

neg: Erni Vales of the era. First professional jobs included graffiti murals and murals in dance clubs throughout New York. Erni Vales Erni Vales, for whom the initials EVL in the company name "EVL Productions Inc." stand for, is a graffiti artist whose vision and approach have developed atypical to most graffiti artists from New York City. Though Erni’s work began in the heart of NYC, painting subway cars in the 1980‘s, he was simultaneously creating pieces on canvas and making his first appearance with Graffiti Productions Inc., one of the first galleries to feature authentic graffiti work of the era. Vales has

neg: American Graffiti producer Francis Ford Coppola signed on. This would allow the studio to advertise "American Graffiti" as "from the man who gave you "The Godfather" (1972)". However, Lucas was forced to concede final-cut privilege. The proposition also gave Universal first-look deals on Lucas' next two planned projects, "Star Wars" and "Radioland Murders". As he continued to work on the script, Lucas encountered difficulties on the Steve and Laurie storyline. Lucas, Katz, and Huyck worked on the third draft together, specifically on the scenes featuring Steve and Laurie. Production proceeded with virtually no input or interference from Universal. "American Graffiti" was a

neg: Latino hip hop knows exactly when hip hop was really created. Elements of hip hop have always been around. When the media first noticed hip hop, they learned that it came from the streets of New York. The public's perception of hip-hop is that it is an African American attribute because it was a new form of art for African American. What many do not know is that the majority of the people who were influenced and later contributed to hip hop were Latinos. Puerto Ricans are MCs’, break dancers like the Rock Steady Crew, and Graffiti artists (Sal Rojas, Brown Pride). The