query: who drove the golden spike at promontory point

pos: Golden spike Golden spike The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6-karat gold final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The term "last spike" has been used to refer to one driven at the usually ceremonial completion of any new railroad construction projects, particularly those in which construction is undertaken from two disparate origins towards a meeting point. The spike is now displayed in the Cantor Arts Center

pos: First Transcontinental Railroad Pacific Railroad Company built of track from Oakland/Alameda to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory (U.T.). The Union Pacific built from the road's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit. The railroad opened for through traffic on May 10, 1869 when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially drove the gold "Last Spike" (later often referred to as the "Golden Spike") with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit. The coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West. It brought the

pos: First Transcontinental Railroad they realized that the so-called "Iron Horse" threatened their existence. Security measures were further strengthened, and progress on the railroad continued. Six years after the groundbreaking, laborers of the Central Pacific Railroad from the west and the Union Pacific Railroad from the east met at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. It was here on May 10, 1869, that Leland Stanford drove "The Last Spike" (or golden spike) that joined the rails of the transcontinental railroad. The spike is now on display at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University, while a second "Last" Golden Spike is also on display at the

pos: John S. Casement the construction from Fremont, Nebraska, to the railroad's completion at Promontory, Utah. In 1867 when the Union Pacific crossed into what was to become the Wyoming Territory, Casement, a popular figure, was elected to be Wyoming's first Representative in Congress. After a long struggle, Congress ruled that the election was illegal and Casement was never seated. Legend has it that when the Golden Spike was to be placed to mark the completion of the transcontinental railway, the driving of the spike was to be done by Leland Stanford, President of the Southern Pacific. When Stanford was unable to hit the

pos: Sledgehammer sleepers during rail construction. When the two ends of the Union Pacific railroad were joined at Promontory, Utah, Leland Stanford hammered a golden spike into a sleeper with a silver hammer. Sledges used to drive spikes for rails had curved heads that came down to a "beak" that was only about one inch across. The shape meant that drivers needed to be accurate, and spot where the spike hit was often not much larger than a small coin, as anything larger would hit the plate or the sleeper. The curved head kept the handle away from the rail, as the

neg: Utah State Route 83 to Tremonton via Penrose, Thatcher, and Bothwell. At this point, the route starts to turn northward, passing Lampo Junction (local access road to Golden Spike National Historic Site) and the Thiokol rocket plant and test range. From this point, the route continues north, save for a 1-mile jog to the east, passing through Howell and terminating at the Howell interchange of I-84. The road from Corinne to Park Valley Junction was commissioned as SR-83 in 1935. In 1955, the portion west of Promontory Junction was decommissioned, and was replaced by the road from Promontory Junction to the Golden Spike National

neg: Promontory Mountains Promontory Mountains The Promontory Mountains are a range in Box Elder County, Utah. The range is oriented north-south and has a length of about . The southern portion forms a cape extending south into the Great Salt Lake. The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed with the Golden Spike just north of the range at Promontory Summit in the Utah Territory. Today, trains cross the Promontory Point at the southern tip of the range via the Lucin Cutoff railroad causeway across the lake. The Promontory Mountains are a block fault range typical of the Basin and Range Province. The west side

neg: Promontory Mountains east of Great Salt Lake. The faults are normal faults which dip to the west. The Promontory Mountains of were bypassed by the First Transcontinental Railroad (north) and the replacement 1904 Lucin Cutoff trestle through Promontory Point (south), which was replaced by a 1959 causeway. Promontory Mountains The Promontory Mountains are a range in Box Elder County, Utah. The range is oriented north-south and has a length of about . The southern portion forms a cape extending south into the Great Salt Lake. The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed with the Golden Spike just north of the range at Promontory

neg: Rail fastening system represented the merge of the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The rail spike has entered American popular consciousness in this manner; the driving of the Golden Spike was a key point in the development of the western seaboard in North America and was recognized as a national achievement and demonstration of progress. Since, railroad workers have been celebrated in popular culture, including in song and verse. Most recently, a Golden Spike marked the completion of the longest transportation tunnel in the world, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, which opened 1 June

neg: Promontory, Utah of re-enactments of the driving of the last spike had been held at Promontory Summit. The renewed interest led to a concerted effort to save the historic site. In 1957, local campaigners succeeded in getting the area recognized by the federal government, but without federal land ownership. The Southern Pacific, which still owned the right of way, agreed to give its holdings to the federal management. On July 30, 1965 the Act for the Golden Spike National Historic Site was signed into law. The area is administered by the National Park Service. On the 110th anniversary of the "Golden Spike"

neg: Promontory, Utah The event at Promontory Summit was billed as the "wedding of the rails" and was officiated by the Reverend John Todd. Three spikes were driven; one was the golden spike, one was silver, and one was a mix of gold, silver, and iron. In 1898, the golden spike was donated to the Stanford Museum (now Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts). The last laurel tie was destroyed in fires caused by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Stanford University loaned the original 1869 gold spike to Cecil B. DeMille for the film "Union Pacific" (1939). It was held

neg: Golden Spike National Historic Site Golden Spike National Historic Site Golden Spike National Historic Site is a U.S. National Historic Site located at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. The nearest city is Brigham City, approximately 32 miles (51 km) east-southeast of the site. It commemorates the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad where the Central Pacific Railroad and the first Union Pacific Railroad met on May 10, 1869. The final joining of the rails spanning the continent was signified by the driving of the ceremonial Golden Spike. The Golden Spike National Historic Site encompasses . In 2002, it received 49,950

neg: Golden Spike National Historic Site workers, the arch has now been officially renamed as the Chinese Arch to mollify sensitivities about the original name (which remains a common usage). In 2015, a Lego model depicting the two steam locomotives at the Golden Spike National Historic Site was submitted to the Lego Ideas website. However, it never reached the required number of followers for the product to come to reality. Golden Spike National Historic Site Golden Spike National Historic Site is a U.S. National Historic Site located at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. The nearest city is Brigham City, approximately 32

neg: Golden spike of the joining of the UP and CPRR rails and driving of the Last Spike at Promontory Summit, UT, in 1869. The center piece event of the celebration occurred on April 28 with the World Premiere of the Cecil B. DeMille feature motion picture "Union Pacific" which took place simultaneously in the city's Omaha, Orpheum, and Paramount theaters. The film features an elaborate reenactment of the original Golden Spike ceremony (filmed in Canoga Park, CA) as the motion picture's closing scene for which DeMille borrowed the actual Golden Spike from Stanford University to be held by Dr. W.H. Harkness (Stanley

neg: Golden spike the event was marked by a ceremonial "undriving" of the last iron spike. The original event had been all but forgotten except by local residents, who erected a commemorative marker in 1943. The following year a commemorative postage stamp was issued to mark the 75th anniversary. The years after the war saw a revival of interest in the event; the first re-enactment was staged in 1948. In 1957, Congress established the Golden Spike National Historic Site to preserve the area around Promontory Summit as closely as possible to its appearance in 1869. O'Connor Engineering Laboratories in Costa Mesa, California, designed

neg: Howell, Utah California developer and business man oversaw development of the First Transcontinental Railroad, which passed through Promontory, Utah\Promontory, about south of Howell. The Golden Spike was driven near Promontory (at Lampo) in 1869. Crocker formed the Promontory Land and Livestock Company in this time period, which had land holdings that stretched from the Great Salt Lake north to Idaho, and west to Nevada. The area was used for cattle ranching, with headquarters in Promontory, Howell, and the Dilly Ranch. The company disbanded in 1909. In 1909 the newly created Promontory-Curlew Land Company purchased the Promontory Land and Livestock Company's Utah and

neg: Golden spike and built working replicas of the locomotives present at the original ceremony for the Park Service. These engines are drawn up face-to-face each Saturday during the summer for a re-enactment of the event. For the May 10, 1969, centennial of the driving of the last spike, the High Iron Company ran a steam-powered excursion train round trip from New York City to Promontory. The Golden Spike Centennial Limited transported over 100 passengers including, for the last leg into Salt Lake City, actor John Wayne. The Union Pacific Railroad also sent a special display train and the US Army Transportation Corp

neg: Promontory, Utah see the old cuts along the permanent way, highlighting the effort needed to construct the railroad over Promontory Summit. On every Saturday and holiday between May 1 and Labor Day, the two replica locomotives are lined up to re-enact the "Golden Spike" ceremony. Promontory, Utah Promontory is an area of high ground in Box Elder County, Utah, 32 mi (51 km) west of Brigham City and 66 mi (106 km) northwest of Salt Lake City. Rising to an elevation of 4,902 feet (1,494 m) above sea level, it lies to the north of the Promontory Mountains and the Great Salt

neg: William Wallace Barbour Sheldon William Wallace Barbour Sheldon William Wallace Barbour Sheldon (May 15, 1836 – March 17, 1915), commonly known as Wallace, was an architectural engineer and pioneer of California, a leading figure of the engineering history of the California coast. Wallace began his career with the Central Pacific Railroad and was present at the laying of the Golden Spike at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869. In 1875 began work with the Pacific Improvement Company. His most famous work was in the personal home of Mark Hopkins, which was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire, the original Santa

neg: The Wild Wild West "Barbary Coast" ("Funny Money," aired September 8, 1975). After her run on "The Wild Wild West", the Inyo participated in the Golden Spike Centennial at Promontory, Utah, in 1969. The following year it appeared as a replica of the Central Pacific's "Jupiter" locomotive at the Golden Spike National Historical Site. The State of Nevada purchased the Inyo in 1974; it was restored to 1895 vintage, including a wider smoke stack and a new pilot (cow catcher) without a drop coupler. The Inyo is still operational and displayed at the Nevada State Railroad Museum in Carson City. The express car (No.

neg: John Todd (author) of D.D. from Williams College, and was elected one of the trustees of that institution, which office he held until 1872. Dr. Todd was remarkably successful as a pastor, and also wielded a powerful influence as an author. He published over thirty volumes, besides many sermons and pamphlets. His most widely known book, "The Student's Manual," was first published in 1835. The Reverend Doctor Was also notable for having taken part of the Golden Spike Ceremony at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10th 1869. During the event, dr. Todd gave a prayer that was broadcast throughout the nation. John Todd

neg: Chadwell O'Connor of classic steam locomotives. He and his company, O'Connor Engineering Laboratories, recreated the drawings and reproduced copies of the Union Pacific No. 119 and Central Pacific Jupiter locomotives that met for the driving of the Golden spike at Promontory Summit, Utah. These reproductions are used in recreations of the event and have been operating at the Golden Spike National Historic Site since 10 May 1979. Disney animator and steam-engine-owner Ward Kimball painted the artwork on the No. 119. In later years, O'Connor maintained his own steamboat which he would fire up and tool around the harbor in Newport Beach, California.

neg: Golden spike in 1872. In the meantime, a coast-to-coast rail link was achieved in August 1870 in Strasburg, Colorado, by the completion of the Denver extension of the Kansas Pacific Railway. In 1904 a new railroad route called the Lucin Cutoff was built by-passing the Promontory location to the south. By going west across the Great Salt Lake from Ogden, Utah, to Lucin, Utah, the new railroad line shortened the distance by 43 miles and avoided curves and grades. Main line trains no longer passed over Promontory Summit. In 1942, the old rails over Promontory Summit were salvaged for the war effort;

neg: The Iron Horse (film) about the construction of the American first transcontinental railroad. It depicts Irish, Italian, and Chinese immigrants, as well as African Americans, as the men who did the backbreaking work that made this feat possible. The primary villain is an unscruplous businessman who masquerades as a renegade Commanche. It culminates with the scene of driving of the golden spike at Promontory Summit on May 10, 1869. There is a note in the title before this scene that the two original locomotives from the 1869 event are used in the film, although this is false - both engines (Union Pacific No. 119

neg: Utah State Route 83 Utah State Route 83 State Route 83 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. It is approximately long and connects the towns of Corinne and Howell in Box Elder County. It also provides access to Golden Spike National Historic Site from the east, as well as Thiokol's facility. The route starts in the town of Corinne at its intersection with SR-13 (Promontory Road). Promontory Road shifts from SR-13 to SR-83 here and the route leaves Corinne to the northwest. The route continues in this direction past largely open land for about , passing SR-102 (which provides access

neg: Samuel S. Montague west and east coasts of the United States, that linked Promontory Summit, Utah, to Sacramento, California. Montague was assisted by his fellow engineers Lewis M. Clement and James Harvey Strobridge. Montague directed the engineering work on the Central Pacific which involved the work of thousands of Chinese as well as their "white" surveyors, engineers, coordinators, supervisors, etc. as they crossed the Sierra Nevada over Donner Pass. It was a monumental engineering undertaking. In the famous "Golden Spike" celebration photo of 1869 in which a Central Pacific locomotive and a Union Pacific locomotive are touching "nose-to-nose" at Promontory, Utah. The two

neg: Ward Kimball Frontierland Train Station. As a tribute to Kimball, Engine No. 5 of the Disneyland Railroad is named the "Ward Kimball". In addition, Kimball also designed the logo for the Wildcat Railroad in Los Gatos, CA, owned by Billy Jones, a friend of Walt Disney who was an engineer for the Disneyland Railroad during its first week of operation. Kimball's talents are also evident in the reproduction steam locomotives built for the National Park Service at the Golden Spike National Historic Site at Promontory, Utah. Kimball helped match colors with an engine at the Smithsonian Institution and painted the artwork for

neg: Golden spike the last rail, and three of these men, Ging Cui, Wong Fook, and Lee Shao, lived long enough to also participate in the 50th anniversary parade. At the conclusion of the ceremony, the Chinese participating were honored and cheered by the CPRR officials and that road's construction chief, J.H Strobridge, at a dinner in his private car. To drive the final spike, Stanford lifted a silver spike maul and drove the spike into the tie, completing the line. Stanford and Hewes missed the spike, but the single word "done" was nevertheless flashed by telegraph around the country. In the United

neg: Golden spike spike), but it was postponed two days because of bad weather and a labor dispute that delayed the arrival of the Union Pacific side of the rail line. On May 10, in anticipation of the ceremony, Union Pacific No. 119 and Central Pacific No. 60 (better known as the "Jupiter") locomotives were drawn up face-to-face on Promontory Summit. It is unknown how many people attended the event; estimates run from as low as 500 to as many as 3,000; government and railroad officials and track workers were present to witness the event. Before the last spike was driven, three other

neg: Golden Spike Days Golden Spike Days The Golden Spike Days Festival is an annual family festival held in Rocky Point Park, Port Moody, British Columbia. The festival commemorates the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the city and the Confederation of Canada. The festival includes many live musical performances, dancers, parades, comedians, rides, and food shops. An average of 30,000 people come to the festival every year. The first Golden Spike Days Festival was held in 1976. A decades-old tradition in the Tri-Cities area, the Golden Spike Days Festival recognizes the heritage contribution of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Barkerville Gold

neg: Golden Spike Days Rush to Port Moody as the true Western Terminus of the cross-Canada CPR line. Golden Spike Days The Golden Spike Days Festival is an annual family festival held in Rocky Point Park, Port Moody, British Columbia. The festival commemorates the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the city and the Confederation of Canada. The festival includes many live musical performances, dancers, parades, comedians, rides, and food shops. An average of 30,000 people come to the festival every year. The first Golden Spike Days Festival was held in 1976. A decades-old tradition in the Tri-Cities area, the Golden Spike Days

neg: Omaha Storm Chasers and 2014. In 2016, "Forbes" listed the Storm Chasers as the 29th-most valuable Minor League Baseball team with a value of $27 million. After having been known as the Royals from their inaugural 1969 season through 1998, the team nickname was changed to the Omaha Golden Spikes in 1999. The name change was a reference to the Golden Spike driven at Promontory Summit, Utah, to celebrate the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. It was intended to celebrate the rich railroad tradition in Omaha, headquarters of the Union Pacific Railroad. The well-intentioned name change proved unpopular with many

neg: Piedmont, Wyoming were joined, but those on the south side were left for the driving of the golden spike. On May 7, Promontory was overflowing with discharged workers; tent saloons were stocked, and the women arrived. A special train from Sacramento had arrived with all the dignitaries of the Central Pacific Railroad. Things weren't going quite so well on the Union Pacific train. In Piedmont, there were three hundred graders and tie cutters who had been discharged but not paid. The story was circulated that the financing of the railroad had collapsed and that, upon completion of the railroad, the Union Pacific

neg: Golden spike opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt who inaugurated it by pressing a telegraph key at the White House in Washington, DC. On the same day as the premiere of the movie, a still standing gold-colored concrete spike called the "Golden Spike Monument" and measuring some in height was also unveiled at 21st Street and 9th Avenue in Council Bluffs, IA, adjacent to the UP's main yard, the location of milepost 0.0 of that road's portion of the Pacific Railroad. Golden spike The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6-karat gold final spike driven by Leland

neg: Union Pacific (film) World War II, and, although the U.S. would not become involved in the war until 1941, the film’s emphasis on national unity typifies the nationalistic sentiment that would become much stronger once the country was at war. The world premiere of the motion picture took place simultaneously at three different theaters (the "Omaha, Orpheum," and "Paramount") in Omaha, Nebraska, on April 28, 1939, just three weeks shy of the 70th anniversary of the driving of the real Golden Spike which joined the rails of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads at Promontory Summit, UT, on May 10, 1869.

neg: Golden Horn Golden Horn The Golden Horn (; , "Chrysókeras"; ), also known by its modern Turkish name, (), is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey. As a natural estuary that joins Bosphorus Strait at the point where the strait meets the Sea of Marmara, the waters of the Golden Horn help define the northern boundary of the peninsula constituting "Old Istanbul" (ancient Byzantium and Constantinople), the tip of which is the promontory of Sarayburnu, or Seraglio Point. This estuarial inlet geographically separates the historic center of Istanbul from the rest of the city,

neg: North America the highway is roughly . The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern US with California on the Pacific coast. Finished on 10 May 1869 at the famous golden spike event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West, catalyzing the transition from the wagon trains of previous decades to a modern transportation system. Although an accomplishment, it achieved the status of first transcontinental railroad by connecting myriad eastern US railroads to the Pacific and

neg: Pacific Railroad Surveys allowed Congress several options to consider the most efficient and cost effective route to build a transcontinental railroad. In 1862, Congress passed the Pacific Railway Act. The Union Pacific Railroad Company would build continuous railroad and telegraph lines west from the Eastern shores of the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa (opposite Omaha, Nebraska) which would meet railroad and telegraph lines build east by the Central Pacific Railroad from the navigable waters of the Sacramento River in Sacramento, California. On May 10, 1869, the two rail lines joined with an honorary Golden Spike at Promontory Summit after making a combined

neg: History of Chinese Americans 1863 at the terminal points of Omaha, Nebraska and Sacramento, California, and the two sections were merged and ceremonially completed on May 10, 1869, at the famous "golden spike" event at Promontory Summit, Utah. It created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West. This network caused the wagon trains of previous decades to become obsolete, exchanging it for a modern transportation system. The building of the railway required enormous labor in the crossing of plains and high mountains by the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad, the two privately chartered federally

neg: Interstate 80 in Utah to be completed to Interstate Highway specifications along the almost route of I-80 between San Francisco, California and Teaneck, New Jersey. The section was completed close to the thirtieth anniversary of the Interstate Highway System, which was noted at the dedication and considered to be a milestone in the history of highway construction in the United States. It was also noted at the dedication that this was only south of Promontory Summit, where the golden spike of the United States First Transcontinental Railroad was laid. The original designation of I-84, which begins at an interchange with I-80 in Echo, was

neg: John Sharp (Mormon) John Sharp (Mormon) John Sharp (9 November 1820 – 23 December 1891) was a 19th-century leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Utah Territory. Sharp was the LDS Church's representative in negotiations regarding the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad through Utah Territory. He represented the LDS Church and its president, Brigham Young, at the driving of the final golden spike of the railroad on 10 May 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah. Sharp was born in Clackmannan, Scotland. He began working in a coal mine at age eight. Sharp converted to Mormonism in 1847

neg: David Hewes driving the golden spike at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory could be heard instantaneously coast-to-coast. Hewes supported himself from the age of fourteen and earned enough to pay for his education including entry into Phillips Academy, Andover and Yale College. During his second year at Yale he joined his savings with a small inheritance from his father investing the monies in galvanized iron houses that were shipped to California. He travelled by ship and arrived at San Francisco in February 1850 and later set up a general merchandise store in Sacramento. In 1852 Sacramento was devastated by fire and in early

neg: National Train Day after 2012. National Train Day National Train Day was a holiday started by Amtrak in 2008 as a method to spread information to the general public about the advantages of railway travel and the history of trains in the United States. It was held each year on the Saturday closest to May 10, the anniversary of the pounding of the Golden spike in Promontory, Utah, which marked the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the U.S. Events were held at major Amtrak stations as well as railroad museums across the country and often have passenger cars and model railroad

neg: National Train Day National Train Day National Train Day was a holiday started by Amtrak in 2008 as a method to spread information to the general public about the advantages of railway travel and the history of trains in the United States. It was held each year on the Saturday closest to May 10, the anniversary of the pounding of the Golden spike in Promontory, Utah, which marked the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the U.S. Events were held at major Amtrak stations as well as railroad museums across the country and often have passenger cars and model railroad layouts on

neg: Arizona Eastern Railway on December 9, 2004. Of historical note, the Gila Valley Globe & Northern Railroad's first locomotive, apparently GVGN #1, was purchased from the Central Pacific Railroad, originally #1195 ("Jupiter)"). The locomotive was the Central Pacific locomotive that met with Union Pacific No. 119 at Promontory Summit on May 10, 1869 for the driving of the golden spike, commemorating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. Despite its historical significance, in 1909 the GVGN, by then controlled by Central Pacific successor Southern Pacific, sold No. 1 for $1000 as scrap. In 2006, Arizona Eastern announced the construction of a new spur

neg: History of infrastructure the first to evolve into a major system. In 1869, the symbolically important transcontinental railroad was completed in the US with the driving of a golden spike at Promontory, Utah. The electrical telegraph was first successfully demonstrated on 25 July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London. It entered commercial use on the Great Western Railway over the from Paddington station to West Drayton on 9 April 1839. In the United States, the telegraph was developed by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail. On 24 May 1844, Morse made the first public demonstration of his telegraph by sending a message

neg: Piedmont, Wyoming their back pay. Another telegraph was sent to Promontory with the message that the dignitaries would not arrive there until May 10. When the money arrived at Piedmont, the train car was re-coupled and sent on its way. The golden spike was driven on Monday, May 10, 1869. It was later reported that a Salt Lake banker sent a telegram to Fort Bridger for troops to go into Piedmont, but a telegrapher took the message off and no troopers were sent. Robert Fulton, a telegrapher in Rawlins, Wyoming, in 1869, established the date of the hijacking as being May 7.

neg: Steam locomotive depicts the ceremony where the two halves of the First Transcontinental Railroad met at Promontory Summit in 1869. The coin recreates a popular image from the ceremony with steam locomotives from each company facing each other while the golden spike is being driven. Steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning combustible material – usually coal, wood, or oil – to produce steam in a boiler. The steam moves reciprocating pistons which are mechanically connected to the locomotive's main wheels (drivers). Both

neg: Hartwell Carver Hartwell Carver Dr. Hartwell Carver (1789 – April 16, 1875) was an American doctor, businessman, and an early promoter of what would become the Transcontinental Railroad. Carver's push for a railroad to connect both coasts of the United States began in 1832 with a proposal that was dismissed by Congress. Over the next several years, Carver wrote a series of articles in the "New York Courier and Enquirer" about the subject. He participated in the hammering of the Golden Spike that officially joined the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah. Hartwell Carver was

neg: Charles Durkee while returning home. A street in the city of Appleton, Wisconsin is named for him. An elementary school in Kenosha, Wisconsin bore his name for many years. It was demolished in 2008. He gave a speech at the hammering of the Golden Spike in Promontory, Utah on May 10, 1869, connecting the Union Pacific tracks to the Central Pacific Railroad. His former home, which later became an Episcopal school for girls and is now known as Kemper Hall, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Charles Durkee Charles H. Durkee (December 10, 1805January 14, 1870) was an American

neg: Gerald M. Best Commission and the Golden Spike National Historic Site. Under his guidance as Engineering Consultant and National Park Service Representative, the National Park Service ordered the construction of two steam locomotives by O'Connor Engineering Laboratories as replicas of the famous Central Pacific "Jupiter" and Union Pacific No. 119, which met at Promontory Summit, Utah in 1869. Best collected over 130,000 railroad photographs, negatives, blueprints and other records – one of the largest collections ever assembled. After his death, his widow, Harriet, arranged for it to go to the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. Best wrote over a dozen books, as

neg: Edwin B. Crocker in the ceremony for the driving of the golden spike at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869. The stress of all of his work took a toll on Crocker. He suffered from a stroke in June 1869. He retired from his other pursuits and took up less stressful hobbies. With a net worth of a million dollars from railroad investments, Crocker and his family traveled throughout Europe and collected art. His family renovated their home to include an art gallery. Their home and the art that they had acquired would eventually become the Crocker Art Museum. After his stroke, Crocker's

neg: Rail transportation in the United States of railroad lines had been built. The B&O's westward route reached the Ohio River in 1852, the first eastern seaboard railroad to do so. Railroad companies in the North and Midwest constructed networks that linked nearly every major city by 1860. The First Transcontinental Railroad in the U.S. was built across North America in the 1860s, linking the railroad network of the eastern U.S. with California on the Pacific coast. Finished on May 10, 1869 at the Golden spike event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nationwide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American

neg: Interstate 80 approved in 1956. The highway was built in segments. The final piece of I-80 was completed in 1986 on the western edge of Salt Lake City. This piece was coincidentally dedicated close to the 30th birthday of the Interstate Highway System, which was noted at the dedication and considered to be a milestone in the history of highway construction in the United States. It was also noted at the dedication that this was only south of Promontory Summit, where another first in a transcontinental artery was completed—the golden spike of the United States First Transcontinental Railroad. John McPhee described the

neg: Fremont, California Niles is Mayhew Spring, also known as Mayhew's Sulphur Spring, which was located north of the Niles railroad depot. The facility was owned by H.A. Meyhew. The coast-to-coast completion of the Transcontinental Railroad is reported to have occurred in nearby Niles Canyon. In September 1869, four months after the famous golden spike ceremony at Promontory Summit, Utah, the Central Pacific Railroad completed the transcontinental rail link between Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay, finishing the track through the canyon. The Central Pacific had acquired the Western Pacific and other local railroads and built track to connect them at a waterfront

neg: Lathrop, California site of the San Joaquin River Bridge, the final link to the west coast for the Transcontinental Railroad, actually completed 4 months after the official completion celebration and the driving of the "final" golden spike at Promontory Utah (California State Historical Marker number 781-7 is at Mossdale Crossing Park). Most of Lathrop is part of the Manteca Unified School District. But once River Islands Development is built, students from that community will be part of Tracy High School District and Banta Elementary district. The district has integrated student devices in the 2014–2015 school year, which students received in late January.

neg: Fort Point, San Francisco Fort Point, San Francisco Fort Point is a masonry seacoast fortification located on the southern side of the Golden Gate at the entrance to San Francisco Bay. It is also the geographic name of the promontory upon which the fort and the southern approach of the Golden Gate Bridge were constructed. The fort was completed just before the American Civil War by the United States Army, to defend San Francisco Bay against hostile warships. The fort is now protected as Fort Point National Historic Site, a United States National Historic Site administered by the National Park Service as a unit

neg: State of Deseret the territory to many non-Mormon settlers, particularly in the western areas of the territory. Young and the LDS Church supported the railroad, even taking members that were working on the Salt Lake Temple and reassigning them to work on the railroad. The driving of the golden spike just 66 miles from Salt Lake completed the first transcontinental railroad at Promontory Summit in 1869. Officials from Utah Territory and leaders of the LDS Church were not involved in the festivities of the day. Prior to the establishment of Utah Territory, in the absence of other authority, the provisional government of Deseret

neg: Chicago Railroad Fair railroad history. The majority of the participating railroads maintained a direct rail connection to Chicago. The companies that participated included: The highlight of the Chicago Railroad Fair was the "Wheels A-Rolling" pageant. This was a dramatic and musical presentation intended to showcase the development of transportation and the railroads across the country beginning with trails and waterways. The pageant included a recreation of the Golden Spike ceremony at Promontory, Utah, and various historic rolling stock and replicas of equipment in operation. Railroad equipment used in the pageant included: In addition to being the last great assembly of railroad equipment and

neg: Union Pacific No. 119 In 1968, the Union Pacific sponsored the construction of the Omaha Zoo Railroad in the Henry Doorly Zoo, including a narrow gauge replica of the 119, built by Crown Metal Products. The First Transcontinental Railroad, the National Park Service's Golden Spike site at Promontory, Utah, had exhibited representations of the 119 and Jupiter on a portion of restored trackage where the original ceremony was held. In this instance, the 119 was portrayed by the Virginia and Truckee Railroad's Dayton locomotive, (which is ironic because The Dayton was built by the Central Pacific Railroad's shops in Sacramento) and was displayed here

neg: Interstate 80 in Utah and US-30S. Construction of the controlled-access highway began in the 1950s, and by the late 1970s most of the freeway across the state of Utah had been completed. The section of I-80 between Utah State Route 68 (SR-68, Redwood Road) and the Salt Lake City International Airport was the last piece of the nearly freeway to be completed. It was opened on August 22, 1986, and was about from the site of another cross-country milestone in Utah, the driving of the Golden Spike of the First Transcontinental Railroad at Promontory Summit. Average daily traffic volumes in 2012 ranged between 6,765

neg: Union Pacific No. 119 however, it never reached the required number of followers for the product to come to reality. In "The Communication Deterioration" episode of "The Big Bang Theory", Sheldon shows a photo of the locomotive to Penny. Union Pacific No. 119 The No. 119 was a 4-4-0 steam locomotive which made history as one of the two locomotives (the other being the "Jupiter") to meet at Promontory Summit during the Golden Spike ceremony commemorating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. No. 119 was built by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey in 1868 along with numbers 116, 117,

neg: Jupiter (locomotive) Smithsonian Museum, is also a wood-burning 4-4-0. However, this engine was built for narrow-gauge track, unlike the broader standard gauge of the trains at the Golden Spike ceremony. In 2009, David H. Kloke of Kloke Locomotive Works built a full-size replica of one of the "Jupiter"'s sibling engines, the "Leviathan", no. 63, which is operational. In the final episode (aired 04 June 1959) of the "Yancy Derringer" television show ("Two Tickets to Promontory") Yancy, Pahoo and friends foil a plot to destroy the "Jupiter" train on its way to the "marrying of the rails" event. Most of the episode takes

neg: Interstate 84 in Utah enters Box Elder County and the Curlew Valley near farmland that utilizes center pivot irrigation before intersecting SR-30 at a diamond interchange. The town of Snowville is crossed before passing to the north of the Hansel Mountains and the North Promontory Mountains. The town of Howell, accessible from an interchange with SR-83, lays to the southeast of Blue Creek Reservoir in the Blue Creek Valley. Access to the Golden Spike National Historic Site is provided by SR-83 south of Howell. The Blue Spring Hills form the southern border of Howell as I-84 continues southeast. Additional center irrigation farmland is passed

neg: Into the West (miniseries) help her escape. She refuses, insisting on staying with her adopted Indian family. Eventually, the U.S. Army abandons some forts, and the second Treaty of Fort Laramie creates the Great Sioux reservation. Abe Wheeler continues to work on the railroad until the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed on May 10, 1869, when the driving of the Golden Spike joins the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads at Promontory Summit in Utah. Abe parts company with Chow-Ping. Meanwhile, Daniel Wheeler is seeking fortune by collaborating with Central Pacific Railroads and creating railroad boomtowns, exploiting the debaucheries of new settlers. He starts

neg: Jupiter (locomotive) Jupiter (locomotive) The Jupiter (officially known as Central Pacific Railroad #60) was a 4-4-0 steam locomotive which made history as one of the two locomotives (the other being the Union Pacific "No. 119") to meet at Promontory Summit during the Golden Spike ceremony commemorating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. The "Jupiter" was built in September 1868 by the Schenectady Locomotive Works of New York, along with three other engines, numbered 61, 62, and 63, named the "Storm", "Whirlwind", and "Leviathan", respectively. These four engines were then dismantled and sailed to San Francisco, California, where they were loaded onto

neg: Central Pacific Railroad 12,000 Chinese emigrant workers by 1868, when they constituted eighty percent of the entire work force. They laid the first rails in 1863. The "Golden spike", connecting the western railroad to the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory, Utah, was hammered on May 10, 1869. Coast-to-coast train travel in eight days became possible, replacing months-long sea voyages and lengthy, hazardous travel by wagon trains. In 1885 the Central Pacific Railroad was leased by the Southern Pacific Company. Technically the CPRR remained a corporate entity until 1959, when it was formally merged into Southern Pacific. (It was reorganized in 1899 as the

neg: Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works first 2-6-0 built in the United States, in 1863 for the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company. The company continued manufacturing both locomotives and textile machinery for nearly another 20 years. In November 1868 Rogers delivered five identical coal-burning 4-4-0 steam locomotives (assigned Nos. 116–120) to the Union Pacific Railroad, which were subsequently placed into freight service in western Wyoming and Utah. Union Pacific No. 119 would gain fame on May 10, 1869, when it took part in the "Golden Spike" ceremony at Promontory, Utah, to celebrate the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. The unit was rebuilt in the

neg: Ogden, Utah first to set foot in the area. A Samuel Ogden traveled though the western United States on an exploration trip in 1818. The site of the original Fort Buenaventura is now a Weber County park. Ogden is the closest sizable city to the Golden Spike location at Promontory Summit, Utah, where the First Transcontinental Railroad was joined in 1869. Ogden was known as a major passenger railroad junction owing to its location along major east–west and north–south routes, prompting the local chamber of commerce to adopt the motto, "You can't get anywhere without coming to Ogden." Railroad passengers traveling west

neg: Salt Lake City Union Pacific Depot the "Union Pacific" shield or related logo has graced the depot for most of its history. The sandstone building is in French Second Empire style, and includes a terazzo floor and stained glass windows. One ceiling mural by San Francisco artist Harry Hopps depicts the driving of the Golden Spike north of Salt Lake City at "Promontory Summit" signifying the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869. Another mural by San Francisco artist John McQuarrie shows the 1847 arrival of Mormon pioneers to what is now Salt Lake City. Several side rooms were originally used for separate male and

neg: Brigham City, Utah history (the Box Elder Museum). There is an LDS tabernacle in downtown Brigham City, as well as a temple. The city is located in a prime historical and environmental region. Nearby attractions include Golden Spike National Historic Site, which lies northwest of the city near Promontory Summit. State Route 13 heads northwest from Brigham City and turns north at Corinne. However, State Route 83 continues west from there and eventually reaches Lampo Junction, where the turnoff to the historic site is located. The work of art known as the Spiral Jetty lies west-southwest of this site. The Bear River Migratory

neg: Union Pacific No. 119 Union Pacific No. 119 The No. 119 was a 4-4-0 steam locomotive which made history as one of the two locomotives (the other being the "Jupiter") to meet at Promontory Summit during the Golden Spike ceremony commemorating the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. No. 119 was built by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey in 1868 along with numbers 116, 117, 118 and 120. This engine was scrapped in 1903, and a replica was built in 1979, 76 years after the scrapping. No. 119 was stationed in Ogden, Utah, when a call came from Thomas C.

neg: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point slightly above the boundary in similar beds nearby. These factors have led some geologists to suggest that this GSSP is in need of reassigning. Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a "golden spike" is driven into the geologic section to mark the precise boundary for future geologists (though in practice the "spike" need neither be golden nor an actual spike). The first stratigraphic boundary was defined in 1977 by identifying the Silurian-Devonian boundary with a bronze plaque at a locality called Klonk, northeast of the village of Suchomasty in the Czech Republic. GSSPs are also sometimes referred to

neg: Golden spike commemorative spikes, presented on behalf of the other three members of the Central Pacific's Big Four who did not attend the ceremony, had been driven in the pre-bored laurel tie: The golden spike was made of 17.6-karat (73%) copper-alloyed gold, and weighed 14.03 troy ounces (436 g). It was dropped into a pre-drilled hole in the laurel ceremonial last tie, and gently tapped into place with a silver ceremonial spike maul. The spike was engraved on all four sides: A second golden spike, exactly like the one from the ceremony, was cast and engraved at the same time. It was

neg: Golden point by Matthew Bowen (QLD) in the 83rd minute to give Queensland Game One. In 2012, the golden point's merits were again being debated when Australian rugby league broadcaster, the Nine Network's director of sport said "there is a definite spike in the viewing audience when there is golden point. I can't give the figures, but they're significant." After the 2015 grand final was decided in golden point, a change was made for finals matches only. Golden point in finals fixtures would now only be applied if scores are level after 10 minutes of extra time (five minutes each way). The

neg: Wilsons Promontory Wilsons Promontory The Wilsons Promontory is a peninsula that forms the southernmost part of the Australian mainland, located in the state of Victoria. South Point at is the southernmost tip of Wilsons Promontory and hence of mainland Australia. Located at nearby South East Point, () is the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. Most of the peninsula is protected by the Wilsons Promontory National Park and the Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park. Evidence of Aboriginal occupation at Wilsons Promontory dates back at least 6,500 years and the park is highly significant to the Gunai/Kurnai and the Boonerwrung Clans. The first European to see

neg: Wilsons Promontory even by south coast Australian standards, while winters are heavily influenced by low-pressure systems and high rainfall. Wilsons Promontory The Wilsons Promontory is a peninsula that forms the southernmost part of the Australian mainland, located in the state of Victoria. South Point at is the southernmost tip of Wilsons Promontory and hence of mainland Australia. Located at nearby South East Point, () is the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. Most of the peninsula is protected by the Wilsons Promontory National Park and the Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park. Evidence of Aboriginal occupation at Wilsons Promontory dates back at least 6,500 years and

neg: Media event is orchestrated for the purpose of introducing a chosen narrative into the media. Sex tapes when created with the intention of being 'leaked' are a form of pseudo event because their purpose is to generate media attention. A protest may be planned almost exclusively for the purpose of getting media attention to an issue or cause. Political conventions, or planned presentations or speeches about company earnings or political issues, are a form of media event. Media events became prominent when the media did. The driving of the Golden Spike in Promontory Summit, Utah, in 1869 has been described as one

neg: Promontory Point, Utah Promontory Point, Utah Promontory Point is the cape or southernmost point of the peninsula formed where the Promontory Mountains project into the northern Great Salt Lake at in Box Elder County, Utah, with an elevation of 4,297 feet (1,310 m) above sea level. It is 4.75 kilometres (2.95 mi) northwest of the west end of Fremont Island in Weber County. Promontory Point also refers to the location where the Lucin Cutoff intersects the east coast of the peninsula, northeast of the cape. The cutoff passes north of the cape and continues west to Saline, where the cutoff leaves the peninsula.

neg: Promontory Point, Utah Promontory Point, Utah Promontory Point is the cape or southernmost point of the peninsula formed where the Promontory Mountains project into the northern Great Salt Lake at in Box Elder County, Utah, with an elevation of 4,297 feet (1,310 m) above sea level. It is 4.75 kilometres (2.95 mi) northwest of the west end of Fremont Island in Weber County. Promontory Point also refers to the location where the Lucin Cutoff intersects the east coast of the peninsula, northeast of the cape. The cutoff passes north of the cape and continues west to Saline, where the cutoff leaves the peninsula.

neg: Golden spike earthquake. Although the Promontory event marked the completion of the transcontinental railroad line, it did not actually mark the completion of a seamless coast-to-coast rail network: neither Sacramento nor Omaha was a seaport, nor did they have rail connections until after they were designated as the termini. The Mossdale Bridge, which was the final section across the San Joaquin River near Lathrop, California, was finally completed in September 1869 connecting Sacramento in California. Passengers were required to cross the Missouri River between Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebraska, by boat until the building of the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge

neg: Lucin Cutoff Lucin Cutoff The Lucin Cutoff is a 102-mile (164 km) railroad line in Utah which runs from Ogden to its namesake in Lucin. The most prominent feature of the cutoff was a 12-mile (19 km) long railroad trestle crossing the Great Salt Lake, in use from 1904 until the late 1950s, and since replaced by a rock and dirt causeway. Built by the Southern Pacific Company (SP) between February 1902 and March 1904, the cutoff bypassed the original Central Pacific Railroad route through Promontory Summit where the Golden spike was driven in 1869. By going west across the lake from

neg: First Transcontinental Railroad which made winter train travel safe and practical. In areas where the original line has been bypassed and abandoned, primarily due to the Lucin Cutoff re-route in Utah, the original road grade is still obvious, as are numerous cuts and fills, especially the Big Fill a few miles east of Promontory. The sweeping curve which connected to the east end of the Big Fill now passes a Thiokol rocket research and development facility. In 1957, Congress authorized the Golden Spike National Historic Site. Today the site feature replica engines of Union Pacific No. 119 and Central Pacific Jupiter having been

neg: Lucin, Utah no remaining buildings, but there are root cellars and two concrete phone booths. The original grading of the railroad can be found heading northeast toward Promontory, Utah and the Golden Spike National Historic Site. The Lucin area is a popular stop for rockhounds looking for an apple- green chert-like phosphate mineral Variscite, also known as Utahlite and Lucinite. Nearby is a large artwork called the Sun Tunnels, which was created by artist Nancy Holt in 1976. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lucin has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. Lucin, Utah Lucin (also known as Umbria

neg: Frederick Augustus Tritle Frederick Augustus Tritle Frederick Augustus Tritle (August 7, 1833 – November 18, 1906) was an American politician, businessman, and attorney. He served as the sixth Governor of Arizona Territory and held a number of lesser government positions there and in Nevada. He presented the silver spike used at the Promontory Point was held ceremony in May 1869. Tritle was the first governor to have visited Arizona before his appointment and also the first governor to make the territory his lifelong home. Tritle was born near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, to Frederick and Martha (Cooke) Tritle on August 7, 1833. He was educated

neg: Point Isabel (promontory) Point Isabel (promontory) Point Isabel is a small promontory on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in the Richmond Annex neighborhood of Richmond, USA. It can be reached at the west terminus of Central Ave. from Richmond / El Cerrito. Point Isabel is a hilltop in the ancient range of hills that also includes Albany Hill, Brooks Island, and the Potrero San Pablo. Rising sea levels following the last Ice Age formed San Francisco Bay and left the point as a rocky promontory joined to the mainland by a salt marsh that flooded at high tides. A large shell

neg: South East Point South East Point South East Point lies on the southerly tip of Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia. South East Point is located at . It commands sensational views of Bass Strait and is a major landmark for all ships travelling between the southern Australian ports (Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth) and the Pacific Ocean. South East Point is the site of the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. The only access for visitors is a full day hike from the Tidal River camping ground. South East Point on Wilsons Promontory is one of the southerly points of the Australian mainland, but another point on Wilsons Promontory,

neg: Talyllyn Railway Gwernol were opened on 22 May 1976 by Wynford Vaughan Thomas who drove in the ceremonial "golden spike" to complete the extension. Despite this official opening ceremony, minor work still remained to bring the extension to the standard required to run regular passenger trains, but regular train services began on 29 May 1976. Although the extension of the railway was completed in 1976, work in the vicinity continued with the creation of footpaths connecting to the new station. A new footbridge was built crossing the Nant Gwernol gorge and connecting the station with the existing path on the east side

neg: History of Alaska because Alaska was only a territory. The prices Seattle shipping businesses charged began to rise to take advantage of the situation. This situation created an atmosphere of enmity among Alaskans who watched the wealth being generated by their labors flowing into the hands of Seattle business holdings. In July 1923 Warren Harding became the first sitting President to visit Alaska as part of his Pacific Northwest 'Voyage of Understanding." Harding arrived by boat from Seattle and made nine stops in the Territory via train which went from Seward to Fairbanks. On July 15 Harding drove in a golden railroad spike

neg: Petroleum seep the underground blowout at Platform A which caused the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill. It also describes accounts from divers, who describe seepage changes after the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. In Utah, there are natural oil seeps at Rozel Point on the Great Salt Lake. The oil seeps at Rozel Point can be seen when the lake level drops below an elevation of approximately ; if the lake level is higher, the seeps are underwater. The seeps can be found by going to the Golden Spike historical site, and from there, following signs for the Spiral Jetty. Both fresh tar

neg: Cheval de frise in excellent condition, after more than two centuries in the river. In November 2012, a spike from a cheval-de-frise was recovered from the Delaware off Bristol Township; it was also believed to be from the Revolutionary era installation at Philadelphia and freed up by Hurricane Sandy earlier that fall. A small promontory on the north-east Essex coast in the United Kingdom (UK), between Holland Haven and Frinton-on-Sea, was named Chevaux de Frise Point. Cheval de frise The cheval de frise (plural: chevaux de frise , "Frisian horses") was a medieval defensive anti-cavalry measure consisting of a portable frame (sometimes just

neg: Seward Depot Seward Depot The Seward Depot, also known as the Seward Station, is a former rail depot in Seward, Alaska, United States. The depot was constructed in 1917 at what is now Adams Street and Ballaine Boulevard to serve the railroad line. Seward was and remains the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad. The Seward line was owned by the Alaska Central Railroad, the Alaska Northern Railroad, and at the time of the depot's construction, the U.S. government. President Warren G. Harding visited Seward and Alaska in 1923, and following completion of the Mears Memorial Bridge, drove the ceremonial golden spike

neg: Golden spike States, the event has come to be considered one of the first nationwide media events. The locomotives were moved forward until their "cowcatchers" met, and photographs were taken. Immediately afterwards, the golden spike and the laurel tie were removed, lest they be stolen, and replaced with a regular iron spike and normal tie. At exactly 12:47 pm, the last iron spike was driven, finally completing the line. After the ceremony, the Golden Spike was donated to the Stanford Museum (now Cantor Arts Center) in 1898. The last laurel tie was destroyed in the fires caused by the 1906 San Francisco

neg: Murchison Promontory Murchison Promontory Murchison Promontory is a peninsula in northern Canada that is the northernmost point on mainland Canada and on the mainland of North America; it is also one of the Extreme points of Earth. The distance to the North Pole is , or closer than the distance from Point Barrow, Alaska (the northernmost point in the United States) to the Pole. Murchison Promontory is situated in Nunavut on the northern part of the Boothia Peninsula in the northern Canadian Arctic. The northernmost point on the promontory is Zenith Point with coordinates . The cape is located on the south

neg: South East Point South Point, is located still further in the south. South East Point South East Point lies on the southerly tip of Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia. South East Point is located at . It commands sensational views of Bass Strait and is a major landmark for all ships travelling between the southern Australian ports (Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth) and the Pacific Ocean. South East Point is the site of the Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse. The only access for visitors is a full day hike from the Tidal River camping ground. South East Point on Wilsons Promontory is one of the southerly points of

neg: Drusilla (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) sexual relations with Darla. The trauma of Angelus's atrocities drove Drusilla insane, and Angelus chose to turn her into a vampire, as he considered her a masterpiece, a testament to his talent. Believing death to be a mercy to her at this point, he chose to sire her to make her pain eternal as an immortal. After being sired, Drusilla, now a predator, joined Angelus and Darla on their murderous travels. In 1880, Drusilla sired the young poet William, who joined the group. She and William, later known as "Spike", shared an intimate relationship, though Angelus continued to engage in

neg: Swifts, Darling Point the vast majority of the harbour fronting land east of Darling Point was held by a small number of landholders, being principally the Cooper and Wentworth families, while at Double Bay, a government village had been reserved. At Darling Point, Governor Darling reserved the promontory for sale in 1831 at the suggestion of the Surveyor General, Thomas Mitchell. The area was subsequently surveyed into large villa allotments and referred to the promontory as ‘Mrs Darling's Point' in respect to Eliza Darling, the wife of the Governor. The first auction on the northern part of the promontory came on 11 October

neg: Last Spike (Grand Trunk Pacific Railway) spike, (not a golden one but a standard black iron one), and once he completed that task, he gave gold watches to the men in charge of each crew. Painted on the last tie was "Point of Completion April 7th, 1914". After the ceremony, that last section of rail was removed and sliced into sections and then polished and engraved. The pieces were given to railway officials as paper-weights. One of these is in the possession of the Prince George Railway and Forestry Museum. Last Spike (Grand Trunk Pacific Railway) The Last Spike of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway was

neg: Ray Promontory 2009). Ray Promontory Ray Promontory is the 7 km long and 2.8 km wide promontory lying between Barclay Bay and the New Plymouth sound, and forming the northwest part of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica ending up in Start Point and Essex Point. The promontory's interior is mostly occupied by Dospey Heights. The feature is named after the American Captain Nathaniel Ray, Master of the sealing schooner "Harmony" which operated in the islands in 1820-21 . The promontory is centred at (British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005

neg: Ray Promontory Ray Promontory Ray Promontory is the 7 km long and 2.8 km wide promontory lying between Barclay Bay and the New Plymouth sound, and forming the northwest part of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica ending up in Start Point and Essex Point. The promontory's interior is mostly occupied by Dospey Heights. The feature is named after the American Captain Nathaniel Ray, Master of the sealing schooner "Harmony" which operated in the islands in 1820-21 . The promontory is centred at (British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and