query: in which state of india first time president rule

pos: President's rule article is to give more powers to central government to preserve the unity and integrity of the nation, it has often been misused by the ruling parties at the center, who used it as a pretext to dissolve state governments ruled by political opponents. Thus, it is seen by many as a threat to the federal state system. Since the adoption of Indian constitution in 1950, the central government has used this article several times to dissolve elected state governments by imposing President's rule. The article was used for the first time in Uttar Pradesh 1954. It was also used

pos: Bharat Bhushan (yogi) curtain raisor program at Raj Bhawan and was state guest for the event. this was the first time any governor house organised such event. He is part of the IDY 2018 celebration with president of India at suriname. Bharat Bhushan (yogi) Bharat Bhushan (born 30 April 1952) is an Indian yoga guru and honoured by Padma Shri for literature and education in 1991. Born at Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Bharat Bhushan is the first recipient of the coveted "Padmashri Award" given by the President of India for his contribution to yoga. He believes that yoga is the best solution to

neg: President's rule following conditions: President's rule can be revoked at any time by the President and does not need the Parliament's approval. Until the mid-1990s, President's rule was often imposed in states through abusing the authority of Governors who were in collusion with the central government. The Supreme Court of India in March 1994 instituted a rule by which such abuse has been drastically reduced. Article 356 gave wide powers to the central government to assert its authority over a state if civil unrest occurs, and the state government does not have the means to end it. Though the purpose of this

neg: Andhra Pradesh party status. The first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh was Neelam Sanjiva Reddy who later served as President of India. In 1983, the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won the state elections and N.T. Rama Rao became the chief minister of the state for the first time. This broke the long time single party monopoly enjoyed by the INC from 1956 until 1982. Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao is the founder of Telugu Desam party and served as the first chief minister from the party. The 1989 elections ended the rule of NTR, with the INC party returning to power with Marri

neg: President of India state elections. There is no provision in the constitution to re-promulgate president's rule in a state when the earlier promulgation ceased to operate for want of parliaments approval within two months duration. During 2014 in Andhra Pradesh, president's rule was first imposed on 1 March 2014 and it ceased to operate on 30 April 2014. President's rule was promulgated after being fully aware that the earliest parliament session is feasible at the end of May 2014 after the general elections. It was reimposed again unconstitutionally on 28 April 2014 by the president. Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending the

neg: Part XI of the Constitution of India president’s rule. This means that the period for which such a law remains in force is not co-terminus with the duration of the President’s rule. But, such a law can be repealed or altered or re-enacted by the state legislature. 4. Centre’s Control Over State Legislation Besides the Parliament’s power to legislate directly on the state subjects under the exceptional situations, the Constitution empowers the Centre to exercise control over the state’s legislative matters in the following ways: (i) The governor can reserve certain types of bills passed by the state legislature for the consideration of the President. The president

neg: Salute state Salute state A salute state was a princely state under the British Raj during the time of British rule which had been granted a gun salute by the British Crown (as paramount ruler); i.e., the protocolary privilege for its ruler to be greeted—originally by Royal Navy ships, later also on land—with a number of cannon shots, in graduations of two salutes from three to 21, as recognition of the state's relative status. The gun-salute system of recognition was first instituted during the time of the East India Company in the late 18th century and was continued under direct Crown rule

neg: Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party On 19 September, Bhim Singh meet Narendra Modi for the first time since the latter had become Prime Minister. A day after, the Supreme Court asked its Registry to consider listing Bhim Singh's second demand for President's rule for an earlier hearing. Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party The Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party is a state political party in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The party was founded on 23 March 1982 by Prof. Bhim Singh and a few prominent youth political personalities of the time including Jay Mala, former President of the Indian Students Congress.

neg: History of Bihar the first Bihar Government after independence in 1947. In 1950, Dr. Rajendra Prasad from Bihar became the first President of India. The 1974 smallpox epidemic of India occurred primarily in Bihar and a few other Indian states, killing thousands of people. The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in the year 2000. 2005 Bihar assembly elections ended the 15 years of continuous RJD rule in the state, giving way to NDA led by Nitish Kumar. Bihari migrant workers have faced violence and prejudice in many parts of India, like Maharashtra, Punjab and Assam. To mark the separation of

neg: Thalassery the British Indian Empire, making it the second oldest municipality in the state. At that time the municipality was known as Thalassery Commission, and Thalassery was the capital of North Malabar. G. M. Ballard, the Malabar collector, was the first President of the municipal commission. Later a European barrister, A. F. Lamaral, became the first Chairman of Thalassery municipality. Thalassery grew into a prominent place during European rule, due to its strategic geographic location. Thalassery has played a significant historical, cultural, educational and commercial role in the history of India, especially during the colonial period. On 9 February 2014, Thalassery

neg: President of India enacted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, making India a republic. The offices of monarch and governor-general were replaced by the new office of President of India, with Rajendra Prasad as its first incumbent. The Indian constitution accords with the president, the responsibility and authority to defend and protect the Constitution of India and its rule of law. Invariably, any action taken by the executive or legislature entities of the constitution shall become law only after the President's assent. The president shall not accept any actions of the executive or legislature which are unconstitutional.

neg: Trois Glorieuses (1963) Trois Glorieuses (1963) The Trois Glorieuses (Three Glorious Days) was an uprising in Congo-Brazzaville which occurred from August 13 to 15, 1963. The uprising ended the rule of the first Congolese President, Fulbert Youlou, as the opposition trade union movement and Congolese Youth Union struck an alliance with the army. Congo-Brazzaville had become independent in 1960. The rule of the first president, Fulbert Youlou, developed in an authoritarian direction. During a tour of Haut-Congo in August 1962, Youlou proposed turning Congo into a one-party state, led by his party UDDIA. At the time, other political parties had ceased to function

neg: V. V. Giri Rule in the state. Giri was elected the third vice president of India on 13 May 1967, a post he held for nearly two years till 3 May 1969. Giri was the first vice president to not complete his full term in office on account of being elevated to the office of the president and was the third vice president to be elected to the presidency. Following the death in office of President Zakir Hussain on 3 May 1969, Giri was sworn in as acting president the same day. Giri resigned from his post on 20 July 1969 to contest

neg: Bhopal State to be confused with Ahmedabad, Gujarat). This city was situated at Tekri Maulvee Zai-ud-din, which was at located a distance of a mile from the fort. She built a palace called Qaser-e-Sultani (now Saifia College). This area became a posh residency as royalty and elite moved here. The Begum installed the first water pump here and developed a garden called 'Zie-up-Abser'. She also constructed a new palace called 'Noor-us-Sabah', which has been converted into a heritage hotel. She was the first president of the All India Conference on Education and first chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University. The peaceful rule

neg: Orchha State The 1901 Census of India recorded a population of 321,634. It was the oldest and highest in rank of all the Bundela states, with a 15-gun salute, and its maharajas bore the hereditary title "First of the Prince of Bundelkhand". Vir Singh, Pratap Singh's successor, merged his state with the Union of India on 1 January 1950. The district became part of Vindhya Pradesh state, which was merged into the state of Madhya Pradesh in 1956. Prior to Company Rule, the rulers of Orchha all held the title of "Raja". They were: During the British era, initially under Company Rule

neg: State of Emergency in India Chhattisgarh and Telangana has been under a state of emergency at some point of time or the other. The state of emergency is commonly known as 'President's Rule'. If the President is satisfied, based on the report of the Governor of the concerned state or from other sources, that the governance in a state cannot be carried out according to the provisions in the Constitution, he may declare an emergency in the state. Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within a period of two months. It is imposed for an initial period of six months and can

neg: Rajendra Prasad elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which prepared the Constitution of India and served as its provisional parliament. When India became a republic in 1950, Prasad was elected its first president by the Constituent Assembly. Following the general election of 1951, he was elected president by the electoral college of the first Parliament of India and its state legislatures. As president, Prasad established a tradition of non-partisanship and independence for the office-bearer, and retired from Congress party politics. Although a ceremonial head of state, Prasad encouraged the development of education in India and advised the Nehru government

neg: Company rule in India to the Dogra Dynasty of Jammu, and thereby became a princely state. In 1854 Berar was annexed, and the state of Oudh two years later. The second form of asserting power involved treaties in which Indian rulers acknowledged the Company's hegemony in return for limited internal autonomy. Since the Company operated under financial constraints, it had to set up "political" underpinnings for its rule. The most important such support came from the "subsidiary alliances" with Indian princes during the first 75 years of Company rule. In the early 19th century, the territories of these princes accounted for two-thirds of India.

neg: Company rule in India was established in 1845. During 1852–1853 some citizens of Bombay sent petitions to the British Parliament in support of both establishing and adequately funding university education in India. The petitions resulted in the "Education Dispatch" of July 1854 sent by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company, the chief official on Indian affairs in the British government, to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India. The dispatch outlined a broad plan of state-sponsored education for India, which included: The Department of Public Instruction was in place by 1855. In January 1857, the

neg: British rule in Burma and he presided over Burmese independence on 4 January 1948. Anti-British popular sentiment was so strong at the time that Burma opted not to join the Commonwealth of Nations, unlike India. British rule in Burma British rule in Burma, also known as British Burma, lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of "Burma" as a Province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence. Various portions of Burmese territories, including Arakan (Rakhine State), Tenasserim were annexed by the British after their victory in the First Anglo-Burmese War; Lower Burma

neg: Malhar Rao Holkar Malhar Rao Holkar Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble of the Maratha Empire, in present-day India. Malhar Rao is particularly known for being the first Maratha Subhedar of Malwa in Central India. He was the first prince from the Holkar family which ruled the Indore State. He was one of the early officers to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the state of Indore to rule by the Peshwas. Malhar Rao Holkar was from the Dhangar community, a pastoral group that is not technically a part of the

neg: Prabhakar Sanzgiri Prabhakar Sanzgiri Prabhakar Sanzgiri (died 9 March 2009, in Vikhroli) was a communist politician, trade union organiser and newspaper editor from Maharashtra, India. He served as secretary of the Maharashtra State Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), vice-president of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions, Maharashtra State Committee president of CITU and editor of the Marathi party organ "Jeevan Marg". Prabhakar Sanzgiri is a descendant of Sanzgiris of Morjim-Goa Sanzgiri became a leftwing activist during his student days, joining the struggle against British rule in India. After Independence, he took active part in the Samyukta Maharashtra movement. During

neg: Hindu nationalism claim that was spread by a "whispering campaign" at that time. Nehru was not in favour of the president Rajendra Prasad and Union Minister K. M. Munshi attending the ceremony, as he felt that a secular state must not associate itself with religious rituals. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, which was started in 1925, had grown as a huge organisation by the end of British rule in India. But the assassination of Gandhi and a subsequent ban on the organisation plunged it into distress. The ban was revoked when it was absolved of the charges and it led to the resumption

neg: Federalism in India matters. When a State violates the Constitution, Presidential rule is imposed under Article 356 and the President takes over the State’s administration with "ex post facto" consent of the Parliament per Article 357. Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending financial resources available to the states for public purpose. allows States to borrow without limit without consent from the Union government. However, the Union government can insist upon compliance with its loan terms when a state has outstanding loans charged to the consolidated fund of India or a federally-guaranteed loan. The President of India constitutes a Finance Commission every five

neg: Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India of the period of the Assembly, the President by a Proclamation issued on 31 January 1976, under article 356 of the Constitution, dissolved the Fifth Assembly and imposed President's Rule for the first time in Tamil Nadu. The Eighth Assembly was constituted on 16 January 1985 after the General Elections held on 24 December 1984. Before the expiry of the period of Assembly, the President by a proclamation issued on 30 January 1988, under Article 356 of the Constitution dissolved the Eighth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and imposed President's Rule in Tamil Nadu. The Ninth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly was

neg: Dogra dynasty other. There was an armed movement against the Maharaja's rule especially in the Poonch district of Jammu, when his troops were unable to control these fighters and his troops retreated to Jammu, in October 1947, Singh appealed to India for its help. He acceded to India, though there is considerable controversy over exactly at what point, and whether or not his accession included the sovereignty of the state. In June 1952, Singh's rule was terminated by the state government of Indian-administered Kashmir. His son Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh too abdicated and was elected "Sadr-e-Riyasat" ('President of the Province') and

neg: Flag of India the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President and second President, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows: A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period preceding the Indian Independence Movement by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the establishment of direct imperial rule. The first flag, whose design was based on western heraldic standards, were similar

neg: Aundh Experiment Aundh Experiment The Aundh Experiment was an early test of village-level self-government in British India which began in 1938. Mohandas Gandhi, and Maurice Frydman helped to draft the November Declaration, which handed over rule of Aundh State from the Raja to the residents, and became law in the Swaraj Constitution of Aundh in 1939. The Aundh Experiment was an unusual idea in pre-independence India, where the rulers of princely states were loath to hand over their power. At the time, Aundh was a princely state in British India, ruled by generations of Rajas since 1699. Unlike the Provinces of India,

neg: First Anglo-Afghan War operation "stupid" given that Afghanistan was a land of "rocks, sands, deserts, ice and snow". British India at this time was a proprietary colony run by the East India Company, which had been granted the right to rule India by the British Crown. India was only one of several proprietary colonies in the British Empire around the world, where various corporations or individuals had been granted the right to rule by the Crown, with for instance Rupert's Land, which was a vast tract covering most of what is now Canada being ruled by the Hudson's Bay Company, but India was

neg: S. R. Bommai v. Union of India S. R. Bommai v. Union of India S. R. Bommai v. Union of India ([1994] 2 SCR 644 : AIR 1994 SC 1918 : (1994)3 SCC1) was a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, where the Court discussed at length provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India and related issues. This case had huge impact on Centre-State Relations. The judgement attempted to curb blatant misuse of Article 356 of the Constitution of India, which allowed President's rule to be imposed over state governments. Article 356 deals with imposition of President's Rule over a State of India.

neg: Military Nursing Service Military Nursing Service The Indian Military Nursing Services is a part of Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) of the Indian Army, first formed under British rule in 1888. An officer in the Military Nursing Services is granted Permanent Commission or Short Service Commission by The Honourable President of India. The list of names are published in the weekly gazette of Government of India from time to time. The Military Nursing Service Indian Army has its origin from the Army Nursing Service formed in 1888 part of the British Army. The force went through many changes in its years of existence.

neg: Kollam Beach as a memento of the Portuguese and Dutch rule of the area. Kollam Beach Kollam Beach, also known as Mahatma Gandhi Beach, is a beach at Kollam city in the Indian state of Kerala. Kollam Beach is the first 'Beach Wedding Destination' in Kerala. The beach also features a park of international standard, the Mahatma Gandhi Park, which was inaugurated on 1January 1961 by the then Vice President of India, Zakir Hussain. Kollam beach is one among the few beaches in Kerala with a lifeguard outpost. Lifeguards were stationed at the beach from 2005. Kovalam, Kollam is one among the

neg: Aga Khan III 1906, the Aga Khan was a founding member and first president of the All India Muslim League, a political party which pushed for the creation of an independent Muslim nation in the north west regions of India, then under British colonial rule, and later established the country of Pakistan in 1947. During the three Round Table Conferences (India) in London from 1930–32, he played an important role to bring about Indian constitutional reforms. In 1934, he was made a member of the Privy Council and served as a member of the League of Nations (1934–37), becoming the President of the

neg: Daasarathi Krishnamacharyulu In 1948, the Indian Union took over the Hyderabad State in a police action and put an end to the autocratic Nizam rule and to the violence unleashed by the Razakars and Mazlis Ittehadul Muslimeen Party. Later, in 1956 the Telangana part of the Hyderabad state was united with the state of Andhra and eventually formed the state of Andhra Pradesh, which was till June 2, 2014. After democratic rule was established in Hyderabad, Dasarathi served in the government of Andhra Pradesh for some time. Later, he worked for All India Radio Hyderabad and Madras (Chennai) as a prompter and

neg: Udayagiri, Nellore district mandals are Vinjamur, Duttalur, Sitarama Puram, Kaligiri, Jaladanki and Varikuntapadu. Mr Venkaiah Naidu, now vice president of india had been elected as MLA of Udayagiri when he first entered politics. In 2014 elections Bollineni Venkata Ramarao from TDP elected as MLA. Udayagiri, Nellore district Udayagiri is a town in Udayigiri Mandal in the Nellore district of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. This Town was under the rule of Vijayanagara Kingdom under Ravella Nayaks as its rulers. This town was well fortified and developed by Ravella rulers. Udayagiri is located at . It has an average elevation of 230

neg: British Raj unchanged. In 1907, for the first time, two Indians were appointed to the Council. They were K.G. Gupta and Syed Hussain Bilgrami. In Calcutta, the Governor-General remained head of the Government of India and now was more commonly called the Viceroy on account of his secondary role as the Crown's representative to the nominally sovereign princely states; he was, however, now responsible to the Secretary of State in London and through him to Parliament. A system of "double government" had already been in place during the Company's rule in India from the time of Pitt's India Act of 1784. The

neg: Abdul Matlib Mazumdar Abdul Matlib Mazumdar Abdul Matlib Mazumdar (1890–1980) was an Indian freedom fighter and political leader based in undivided Assam State. In 1946, when India was still under British rule, he became an MLA and also Cabinet Minister of Assam. He was one of the prominent Muslim leaders of eastern India to support Hindu-Muslim unity, opposing the partition of India on communal lines. Mazumdar along with Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (who later became the 5th President of India) became the most prominent Muslim opponents of the demand for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan, especially in the eastern part of the country.

neg: President of India only. Whereas President being the constitutional head with duties to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and rule of law in a constitutional democracy with constitutional supremacy, is elected in an extensive manner by the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and state legislative assemblies in a secret ballot procedure. The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the president must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. Each candidate has to make a security deposit of in the Reserve Bank of India. The security deposit is liable to be

neg: Military Nursing Service in the Military Nursing Service as the other para-medical personnel such as Nursing Assistants and Ambulance Assistants are part of Army Medical Corps. Military Nursing Service The Indian Military Nursing Services is a part of Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) of the Indian Army, first formed under British rule in 1888. An officer in the Military Nursing Services is granted Permanent Commission or Short Service Commission by The Honourable President of India. The list of names are published in the weekly gazette of Government of India from time to time. The Military Nursing Service Indian Army has its origin from

neg: Governor (India) causes to be laid before the State Legislature the annual financial statement which is the State Budget. Further no demand for grant shall be made except on his recommendation. He can also make advances out of the Contingency Fund of the State to meet any unforeseen expenditure. Moreover, he constitutes the Finance Commission of state. The governor can use these powers: The governor has no role or powers in a contingency situation such as president's rule unless specifically permitted by the president under , 356 and 357. The Governor is not permitted to take any decision on his own without

neg: Orchha State Orchha State Orchha State (also known as Urchha, Ondchha and Tikamgarh) was a princely state of the Bundelkhand region of British India. It was located within what is now the state of Madhya Pradesh. The Chaturbhuj Temple was built, during the time of Akbar, by the Queen of Orchha, while the Raj Mandir was built by Madhukar Shah during his reign, 1554 to 1591. In 1811, during the period of Company Rule in India, it became part of the Bundelkhand Agency within the Central India Agency; after the independence of India in 1947, it acceded to the Union of India,

neg: Rule by decree house to void specific EPOs in a free vote or end the state of emergency at any time. From 23 September (given actual effect from 4 October after the armed disbanding of the Supreme Soviet) to 12 December 1993, rule by decree (ukases) was imposed in Russia by President Boris Yeltsin, during transition from the Russian Constitution of 1978 (which was modelled after the obsolete Soviet Constitution of 1977) to the current 1993 Constitution. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez was granted executive power by the National Assembly to rule by decree multiple times throughout his tenure, passing hundreds of laws. Chávez

neg: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir state elections in 1987. The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence has encouraged and aided the Kashmir independence movement through an insurgency due to its dispute on the legitimacy of Indian rule in Kashmir, with the insurgency as an easy way to keep Indian troops distracted and cause international condemnation of India. Former Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf in Oct 2014 said during TV interview, "We have source (in Kashmir) besides the (Pakistan) army…People in Kashmir are fighting against (India). We just need to incite them." The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their first ever open acknowledgement in 2011 in US Court,

neg: S. R. Bommai v. Union of India When a state is under President's Rule, the elected state government (led by the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers) is dismissed and Council of ministers is suspended at legislature, and administration is conducted directly by the Governor of the state. The Governor is an appointee of the President and thus, effectively, a functionary of the Union Government (the central or federal government). Thus imposition of President's Rule negates the federal character of the Indian political system, where administration usually is shared between the Union and State governments. It also militates against the democratic doctrine of popular sovereignty, since

neg: The Emergency (India) party had the required mandate to do so – a two-thirds majority in the Parliament. And when she felt the existing laws were 'too slow', she got the President to issue 'Ordinances' – a law-making power in times of urgency, invoked sparingly – completely bypassing the Parliament, allowing her to rule by decree. Also, she had little trouble amending the Constitution that exonerated her from any culpability in her election-fraud case, imposing President's Rule in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, where anti-Indira parties ruled (state legislatures were thereby dissolved and suspended indefinitely), and jailing thousands of opponents. The 42nd Amendment, which

neg: Guyana–India relations Vice President of India visited Guyana in 1988 and Shri Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the then Vice President of India came on a state visit to Guyana in 2006. The cooperation between the two countries in sharing developmental experience is mainly routed through Indian Technical & Economic Cooperation (ITEC) under which forty scholarships are granted every year in various courses. Besides, some experts are also deputed to Guyana from time to time on request in specified areas of activity. Several other scholarships are also available to Guyanese to pursue long-term courses, to get acquainted with India and to learn Hindi language

neg: Biplab Kumar Deb into the 2018 Legislative Assembly election, attempting to gain office after 25 years of Left Front rule. He contested the election from Banamalipur Constituency in Agartala, which was held by Indian National Congress MLA Gopal Roy. He also faced Communist Party of India (Marxist) youth leader and former state President of Students Federation of India Amol Chakraborty. He won the Banamalipur Seat by a margin of 9549 votes over the Left Front candidate. Deb led the Tripura's Election campaign and successfully defeated Left Front after 25 years by winning 44 seats with his ally Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura out

neg: Cooch Behar State treaties. When the British colonial rule was finally terminated in India, the Koch Bihar state immediately acceded to and merged with India in 1949 and became a part of West Bengal. The district, Cooch Behar District, is named after this erstwhile kingdom. The Kamata kingdom split at a time when the Mughals under Akbar were aggressively expanding their empire. The state soon became a dependency of the Mughal empire, and steadily lost territory to the empire. Lakshmi Narayan (1587–1621), Nara Narayan's son, was the first ruler of the Koch Bihar portion of the Kamata kingdom. He was an ineffectual ruler.

neg: The Story of My Experiments with Truth Boer War's wounded British army in South Africa. He also became the first president of the Home Rule League, a largely symbolic position which confirmed his position as an advocate for Indian Independence. In September 1920, Gandhi also passed an official constitution for the Congress, which created a system of two national committees and numerous local units, all working to mobilize a spirit of non-cooperation across India. Gandhi and other volunteers traveled around India further establishing this new grass roots organization, which achieved great success. The new British Viceory in India, Lord Reading, did not dare to interfere because of

neg: V. S. Acharya laid foundation for the BJP rule in South India and particularly in the state of Karnataka. As the youngest municipal president of Udupi, he was hailed for his pro-active role in the development of the town. He remained municipal president for a period of 8 years and the Swarna river water supply system, Under ground drainage system, Town roads widening etc.were some of his achievements during this period.Under his presidency Udupi Municipality in 1968 became first in nation to ban carrying night soil by humans. During the Emergency (1975–77), he was imprisoned for a period of 19 months. After being

neg: Common law rule of the Crown. The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858 to this effect, which set up the structure of British government in India. It established in Britain the office of the Secretary of State for India through whom the Parliament would exercise its rule, along with a Council of India to aid him. It also established the office of the Governor-General of India along with an Executive Council in India, which consisted of high officials of the British Government. As a result, the present judicial system of the country derives largely from the British system

neg: Jahanara Shahnawaz agricultural land, which had not been recognized during British rule of Pakistan. She was president of the provincial branch of the All India Muslim Women’s Conference for seven years, and also served as vice-president of the Central Committee of the All India Muslim Women’s Conference. She was the first woman in Asia to preside over a legislative session. She attended a Round Table Conference with Radhabai Subbarayan, and they were the only active members of women's organizations who were nominated to the conference. She was also associated with the education and orphanage committees of the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, in Lahore, and with

neg: Government of India v Taylor [1954] Ir 89 (unreported at the time). Lord Somervell also gave a short concurring speech, affirming the general statement of Lord Mansfield CJ in "Holman v Johnson" (1775) 1 Cowp 341 at 343 that "no country ever takes notice of the revenue laws of another." He then went on to state that "after considerable research no case of any country could be found in which taxes due to State A had been enforced in the courts of State B." "Government of India v Taylor" remains good law today. It forms the central basis of Rule 3 of Dicey Morris &

neg: Self-determination an autonomous state. To this date the Kashmiris have been faced with numerous human rights violations committed by both India and Pakistan and have yet to gain complete autonomy which they have been seeking through self-determination. The insurgency in Kashmir against Indian rule has existed in various forms. A widespread armed insurgency started in Kashmir against India rule in 1989 after allegations of rigging by the Indian government in the 1987 Jammu and Kashmir state election. This led to some parties in the state assembly forming militant wings, which acted as a catalyst for the emergence of armed insurgency in

neg: Gian Singh Rarewala May 1951. In 1951, Rarewala was elected to the PEPSU Legislative Assembly from the constituency of Payal as an independent candidate. He became the Chief Minister of the PEPSU on 22 April 1952, heading a United Front ministry. Thus, he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister of any state in independent India. He was in office until 5 March 1953 when the President's rule was imposed and his government was dismissed. He became the president of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee in 1955. After the merger of the PEPSU with the Punjab state in 1956, he became a member of

neg: History of Kalahandi (7th century AD) and Travenier (19th century AD). Present name Kalahandi finds mention for the first time in the Junagarh Dadhivaman temple inscription issued from Kalahandinagara by Maharaja Jugasai Dev in A. D. 1718... The region was known as various names in different period of time such as " Kantara", "Mahakantara", "Titilaka Janapada", "Atavi Land", "Chakrakota Mandala", "Kamala Mandala" and "Karonda Mandal". It was also part of "Trikalinga" for a certain period. It was a feudatory under Eastern Ganga dynasty, Gadajat under Maratha and Princely State under British rule in India. After independence of India, in 1948, Kalahandi joined Indian

neg: Rule of law the Study of the Law of the Constitution" (1885); these two pillars are the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty. All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time, the federal government has considerable discretion: the legislative branch is free to decide what statutes it will write, as long as it stays within its enumerated

neg: Rule 21 and rugby union. In 1938 Douglas Hyde, recently inaugurated as first President of Ireland, was removed as Patron of the GAA after attending an Irish soccer international. After Rule 27 was abolished in 1971, it was Rule 21 and Rule 42, which prohibited foreign games being played at GAA grounds, which were the focus of debate. After the 1922 creation of the Irish Free State, Rule 21 continued to apply in Northern Ireland. Its strongest supporters were physical force republicans, and during the Troubles the GAA was suspected by many unionists of collusion with the Provisional IRA and other paramilitaries.

neg: Company rule in India to the province of Benares (which had since been added to the Company's dominions) and "all places for the time being included in Bengal." With the constituting of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces in 1805, the jurisdiction would extend as far west as Delhi. In the other two presidencies, Madras and Bombay, a similar course of legal changes unfolded; there, however, the Mayor's Courts were first strengthened to Recorder's Courts by adding a legal president to the bench. The Supreme Courts in Madras and Bombay were finally established in 1801 and 1823, respectively. Madras Presidency was also unusual in being

neg: Hailakandi district by Subhash Chandra Bose. In 1946, when India was still under British rule, Mr. Abdul Matlib Majumder became an MLA and also Cabinet Minister of Assam. He was one of the prominent Muslim leaders of eastern India to support Hindu-Muslim unity, opposing the partition of India on communal lines. Mazumdar along with Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (who later became the 5th President of India) became the most prominent Muslim opponents of the demand for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan, especially in the eastern part of the country. Mazumdar took Master of Arts Degree in English literature from Dhaka University in

neg: Amir Chand Amir Chand Major General Amir Chand (1889–1970) was a physician and teacher of medicine in India. In 1936, while India was still under British rule, Dr. Amir Chand became the first Indian to occupy the Chair of Medicine at King Edward Medical College, Lahore. Post Indian independence, Dr. Amir Chand was prominent in laying the foundation of modern medicine in India. He was President of the Association of Physicians of India in 1947. In 1948, he was elected President of the Indian Medical Association. Maj Gen Amir Chand was also the founder of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology. In 1960,

neg: Amir Chand Medical Research Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh The Hindu Nobel laureate Sune Bergstrom's awards Amir Chand Major General Amir Chand (1889–1970) was a physician and teacher of medicine in India. In 1936, while India was still under British rule, Dr. Amir Chand became the first Indian to occupy the Chair of Medicine at King Edward Medical College, Lahore. Post Indian independence, Dr. Amir Chand was prominent in laying the foundation of modern medicine in India. He was President of the Association of Physicians of India in 1947. In 1948, he was elected President of the Indian Medical Association. Maj Gen Amir

neg: Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India constituted on 27 January 1989 after the General Elections held on 21 January 1989. Before the expiry of the term of the Assembly, the President by a Proclamation issued on 30 January 1991, under Article 356 of the Constitution of India dissolved the Ninth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and imposed President's Rule in Tamil Nadu. Final Table Emergency provisions of the Constitution of India Emergency Provisions are contained in Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India. The President of India has the power to impose emergency rule in any or all the Indian states if the security of part or

neg: Muhammadu Buhari for the March 2015 general elections. Buhari won the election, defeating the incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan. This marked the first time in the history of Nigeria that an incumbent president lost to an opposition candidate in a general election. He was sworn in on 29 May 2015. Buhari has stated that he takes responsibility for anything over which he presided during his military rule, and that he cannot change the past. He has described himself as a "converted democrat". Muhammadu Buhari was born to a Fulani family on 17 December 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, to his father Hardo Adamu,

neg: Hung parliament to counter the potential instability of minority government involved groups may negotiate written agreements defining their terms of support. Such measures were undertaken by the Gillard Government in 2010. In India if an election results in a 'hung assembly' in one of the state Legislative Assemblies and no party is capable of gaining confidence then fresh elections are announced to be held as soon as possible. Until this occurs President's Rule (or in the State of Jammu and Kashmir 'Governor's Rule') is applied. In India there have been many situations of hung assemblies in the state legislatures. The first such

neg: Motilal Nehru century Muslim leader and educationist. At the house-warming party, Sir William Moor hoped that this large palatial home in Civil Lines of Allahabad would become the cement holding together the British Empire in India. Paradoxically, the house was bought by Motilal Nehru in 1900, and went on to become a cradle to the Indian Freedom Struggle which was to destroy British rule in India. Motilal Nehru twice served as President of the Congress Party, once in Amritsar (1919) and the second time in Calcutta (1928). Elected to preside over the Amritsar Congress (December 1919), Motilal was in the centre of

neg: Muthulakshmi Reddi Muthulakshmi had many firsts to her recognition. She was the first female student to be admitted into a men's college, the first woman House Surgeon in the Government Maternity and Ophthalmic Hospital, the first woman legislator in British India, the first Chairperson of the State Social Welfare Advisory Board, the first woman Deputy President of the Legislative Council, and the first Alderwoman of the Madras Corporation Avvai Home. Muthulakshmi was born in the princely state of Pudukottai of Tamil Nadu. In spite of various constraints faced by girls in India of her time, she completed her higher education, and was

neg: McCluskieganj India. McCluskeiganj Mosque: It is just besides the Gurudwara and Temple complex. St. John’s Church: A historical place built by Anglo-Indians during British rule. McCluskieganj McCluskieganj is a small hilly town in Jharkhand State, India, about 40 miles northwest of the capital, Ranchi. The town used to have a significant Anglo-Indian community at one time but this has declined considerably. It was founded by the Colonisation Society of India in 1933 as a homeland or "Mooluk" for Anglo-Indians. Anglo-Indians could buy Shares in this co-operative - The Colonisation Society of India - which in turn would allot them a plot

neg: Bahawalpur (princely state) which Bahawalpur was admitted as a princely state of British India. When India became independent of British rule in 1947 and partitioned into two states, India and Pakistan, Bahawalpur joined the Dominion of Pakistan. Bahawalpur remained an autonomous entity till 14 October 1955 when it was merged with the province of West Pakistan. The Abbasi tribe from whom the ruling family of Bahawalpur belong, claim descent from the Abbasid Caliphs. The tribe then came to Bahawalpur in the middle of the 17th century, and assumed independence during the decline of the Durrani Empire. Upon establishment of Abbasi rule in the

neg: Eastern South Asia mixture of the semi-theocratic Tsa Yig code and English common law influences. Capital punishment was abolished in Bhutan in 2004. India is a federal parliamentary republic. While the Indian federal government is headed by the ceremonial President of India and executive Prime Minister of India, the states of India are headed by a ceremonial governor and executive chief minister. Indian legislatures include the bicameral national parliament and numerous unicameral and bicameral state legislatures. The federal government can impose President's rule in the states. Indian states are not permitted to develop relations with foreign countries, including neighboring countries within Eastern South

neg: President of India India. However, later, V.V Giri resigned from both posts (Acting President of India and Vice-President of India) as he became a candidate in the 1969 Presidential election in India. In this event, the then Chief Justice of India, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah served as the acting President of India until the next President was elected. The President's role as defender of the constitution and the powers as Head of State, especially in relation to those exercised by the prime minister as leader of the government, have changed over time. In particular, Presidents have made a number of interventions into government and

neg: President's rule President's rule In India, President's rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Central Government rule in a state. Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, in the event that a state government is unable to function according to constitutional provisions, the Central government can take direct control of the state machinery. Subsequently, executive authority is exercised through the centrally appointed governor, who has the authority to appoint other administrators to assist them. The administrators are usually nonpartisan retired civil servants. When a state government is functioning correctly, it is run by an elected Council of

neg: India–Namibia relations 1998 as well as numerous ministerial visits. In July 2010, Minister of State for External Affairs Preneet Kaur visited Namibia ahead of the 13th Exim Bank Conclave on India Africa Project Partnership. A number of high-ranking Namibian officials have visited India as well; as of 2010, President Sam Nujoma had visited India 11 times. In August–September 2009, Namibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba made his first visit as President to India. 43 business leaders and politicians accompanied Pohamba on the trip, which took them to New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Agra. In 2008–09, trade between the two countries stood at approximately US$80

neg: History of Madras Presidency He also participated in the Vaikom satyagraha which campaigned for the rights of untouchables in Travancore to enter temples. The Indian National Congress was elected to power in 1937 for the first time in Madras Presidency and barring the six years when Madras was in a state of Emergency, ruled the Presidency till India got independence on August 15, 1947. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was the first Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from the Congress party. He issued the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act and introduced prohibition and sales tax in Madras Presidency. However, his rule is largely remembered for compulsory

neg: Prime Minister of India a referendum in 1975; and India's first nuclear test in Pokhran occurred during Indira's first term. In 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed—on Indira's advice—imposed a state of emergency, therefore, bestowing the government with the power to rule by decree, the period is known for human right violations. After widespread protests, the emergency was lifted in 1977, and a general election was to be held. All of the political parties of the opposition—after the conclusion of the emergency—fought together against the Congress, under the umbrella of the Janata Party, in the general election of 1977, and were successful in defeating the

neg: Narinder Nath Vohra governor of J&K was to rescind the controversial Amarnath shrine land transfer order. Vohra was reappointed as the governor of Jammu and Kashmir by the president of India in 2013. Vohra retired from the position of governor in August2018 and was replaced by Satya Pal Malik, a Bharatiya Janata Party politician and a former governor of the states of Bihar and Odisha. Vohra ruled Jammu and Kashmir directly four times (governor's rule) four time during his tenure as governor, with his tenure as state governor being widely seen to be a positive one. Narinder Nath Vohra Narinder Nath Vohra (born

neg: Education in Kottayam district Education in Kottayam district Kottayam district is a centre of education in Kerala state. The Orthodox Theological Seminary (Orthodox Pazhaya Seminary) at Chungam was the first institution to teach English in South India. It was founded in 1815 by Colonel John Monroe. The C.M.S High School (which later became the Church Missionary Society College High School) was founded by the British missionary, Benjamin Bailey. The first college in Kerala state and the second established under British rule in India was the C.M.S. College (Grammar School) (1840). Mahatma Gandhi University is located in Kottayam district. Kottayam district has 478 lower primary

neg: Secretary of State for India Secretary of State for India The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire. In 1937, the India Office was reorganised which separated Burma and Aden under a new Burma Office, but the

neg: Henry Cotton (Liberal MP) of Assam (1896 to 1902), during which time he experienced the 1897 Assam earthquake. The Viceroy, Lord Curzon, visited Assam in March 1900, and in an address afterwards praised Cotton′s "″effort and interest in the province″", but was otherways unusually careful not to promise much in his speeches during the visit. Cotton College, Guwahati was established in 1901 by Cotton. Cotton supported Indian Home Rule and got into serious trouble when he advocated the cause in his 1885 book "New India, or India in Transition" (revised edition 1907). In 1904, he served as President of the Indian National Congress, one

neg: Param Vir Chakra the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the Indian Air Force. A number of central and state governments and ministries of India provide allowances and rewards to recipients of the PVC (or their family members in case of the recipient's death). The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the East India Company. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being Subedar Abdul Kader of the 5thMadras Native Infantry. The chain of the gold medal

neg: Pataudi State heritage hotel. The rulers had the title 'Nawab'. Pataudi State Pataudi State was a small princely state in India, established in 1806 during the East India Company rule in India as a part of the Delhi Territory in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces.. It was under the suzerainty of the Commissioner of Delhi It had an area of 52 square miles and included one town, Pataudi, and 40 villages,ruled by Pataudi family. In 1804, the British East India Company granted Faiz Talab Khan, the first Nawab of Pataudi, 40 villages and Pataudi town as reward for aiding the Company against

neg: Dindigul the temples of Abirami and Padmagirinathar. The ancient Tamil book, "Silappathikaram" records the city as the northern border of the Pandya kingdom whose capital was Madurai. Historian Strabo mentions about the city in his 20 A.D. work and Pillni, the great historian of the time described the Pandya king in his works. During the first century A.D., the Chola king Karikal Cholan captured the Pandya kingdom and Dindigul came under the Chola rule. During the sixth century, the Pallavas took over most provinces of Southern India. Dindigul was under the rule of Pallavas until Cholas regained the state in the

neg: N. S. Hardikar activities in America. He was secretary of the Home Rule League and helped organise the Indian Workers Union of America. As office bearers of the Home Rule League, Rai and Hardikar addressed the US Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee. He was also president of the Hindustan Association of America. Hardikar's pamphlet "India – A Graveyard" was extensively discussed in several newspapers and journals. He was managing editor of the journal Young India which Senator France of Maryland on the Foreign Relations Committee observed, had rendered "a valuable service in acquainting the people of America with the grave problems which confronted the

neg: He Shall, from Time to Time... He Shall, from Time to Time... "He Shall, from Time to Time…" is the twelfth episode of "The West Wing". During the preparations for President Bartlet's second State of the Union address, crises abound as the President is found unconscious, the situation in India and Pakistan intensifies, and Leo faces scrutiny from the press about his previous drug and alcohol problems. The First Lady tells Leo that the President has relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and Leo has a hard time reconciling the way his best friend never told him this news, but by the time of the address the two men

neg: Robert Clive India. Blocking impending French mastery of India, and eventual British expulsion from the continent, Clive improvised a military expedition that ultimately enabled the East India Company to adopt the French strategy of indirect rule via puppet government. Hired by the company to return a second time to India, Clive conspired to secure the Company's trade interests by overthrowing the locally unpopular heir to the throne of Bengal, the richest state in India, richer than Britain, at the time. Back in England, he sat as a Tory Member of Parliament in London. Clive was one of the most controversial figures in

neg: P. K. Monnappa his meritorious service, conferred on him the title ‘Rao Saheb’, at first, and, later, ‘Rao Bahadur’. Operation Polo, code name for The Hyderabad Police Action [3][4], was a military operation in September 1948 in which the Indian armed forces engaged those of the State of Hyderabad and ended the rule of Nizam, annexing the state into the Indian Union. The operation took place after Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII decided not to join the princely State of Hyderabad to either India or Pakistan after the partition of India. The Nisam's defiance was backed by armed militias, known as

neg: Chiang Kai-shek their own regions. On 10 October 1928, Chiang was named director of the State Council, the equivalent to President of the country, in addition to his other titles. As with his predecessor Sun Yat-sen, the Western media dubbed him "Generalissimo". According to Sun Yat-sen's plans, the Kuomintang (KMT) was to rebuild China in three steps: military rule, political tutelage, and constitutional rule. The ultimate goal of the KMT revolution was democracy, which was not considered to be feasible in China's fragmented state. Since the KMT had completed the first step of revolution through seizure of power in 1928, Chiang's rule

neg: President's rule obtaining the consent of the President of India. If it is not possible to revoke Governor's rule within six months of imposition, the President's Rule under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution is imposed. There is little practical difference between the two provisions. Following its landmark judgment in the 1994 "Bommai" case, the Supreme Court of India has restricted arbitrary impositions of President's rule. Chhattisgarh and Telangana are the only states where President's rule has yet to be imposed. In practice, president's rule has been imposed under different circumstances: If approved by both houses, President's Rule can continue for 6

neg: Bangabhaban Bangabhaban The Bangabhaban ( "Bôngobhôbôn", lit. "House of Bengal") is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Bangladesh, located on Bangabhaban Road, and short road connecting Dilkusha Avenue, Dhaka. It is surrounded by the Bangabhaban Gardens (formerly Nawab's Dilkusha Gardens). The site hosted the Dilkusha Government House during British rule which was used by the Viceroy of India and the Governor of Bengal. The house was the official Governor's Residence of East Pakistan after the creation of Pakistan. President Abu Sayeed Chowdhury became the first Bangladeshi president to reside there after taking oath on 12 January 1971.

neg: Kottayam Travancore in 1753. During British rule in India, Kottayam remained a part of the Princely State of Travancore. There existed no institution in the princely state of Travancore before the 1800s. The Church Missionary Society of England established the CMS College the first college in India. Rev.Benjamin Bailey was the first principal of the CMS College, as it was then known, and the government of India welcomed the college as "a place of general education hence any demands of the state for officers to fill all departments of public service would be met" Kottayam has played its role in all

neg: He Shall, from Time to Time... their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." He Shall, from Time to Time... "He Shall, from Time to Time…" is the twelfth episode of "The West Wing". During the preparations for President Bartlet's second State of the Union address, crises abound as the President is found unconscious, the situation in India and Pakistan intensifies, and Leo faces scrutiny from the press about his previous drug and alcohol problems. The First Lady tells Leo that the President has relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and Leo has a hard time reconciling the way his best friend never told him this

neg: Richa Gaur Gold medalist from Rajasthan state in both men and women category. In 2013 she joined India team for advanced training, organised by Mr. M.H. Abid (President of MTI), to participate in the World Muay Thai Championship, Bangkok. She showed her talent in Amateur category for first time in an International ring on 19 March 2013 and 23 March 2013 few days after her first international performance she made India proud by winning her first international Bronze medal in Pre-amateur category and again listed herself in Rajasthan state record holder. Same year she won gold in Taekwondo and Muaythai. In 2014

neg: British rule in Burma their new province through direct rule, making many changes to the previous governmental structure. The monarchy was abolished, King Thibaw sent into exile, and church and state separated. This was particularly harmful because the Buddhist monks were dependent on the sponsorship of the monarchy. At the same time, the monarchy was given legitimacy by the Buddhist organisation, and the "church" gave the public the opportunity to understand national politics to a greater degree. Another way in which the British controlled their new colony directly was through their implementation of a secular education system. The colonial Government of India, which was

neg: Aundh Experiment of the Aundh State Constitution, declaring that he and his band of freedom fighters were ""Prati Sakar""—"self-governing and independent of the Central Authority." The Aundh Experiment in village-level self-rule endured until Indian independence in 1947, when all of the princely states were merged into the new Republic of India. Aundh Experiment The Aundh Experiment was an early test of village-level self-government in British India which began in 1938. Mohandas Gandhi, and Maurice Frydman helped to draft the November Declaration, which handed over rule of Aundh State from the Raja to the residents, and became law in the Swaraj Constitution of

neg: Badridas Goenka Bank of India and in 1933, he became Chairman, the first Indian to hold the post. He was elected for a second term in 1941 and subsequently, served till 1955, when the Imperial Bank of India was nationalized and became the State Bank of India. Badridas served as the first Chairman of the State Bank of India from 1955 to 1957. Badridas patched up with his old opponent G. D. Birla in the early 1940s and joined his Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry of which Badridas became President in 1945. During the Bengal Famine, the two worked

neg: Pataudi State Pataudi State Pataudi State was a small princely state in India, established in 1806 during the East India Company rule in India as a part of the Delhi Territory in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces.. It was under the suzerainty of the Commissioner of Delhi It had an area of 52 square miles and included one town, Pataudi, and 40 villages,ruled by Pataudi family. In 1804, the British East India Company granted Faiz Talab Khan, the first Nawab of Pataudi, 40 villages and Pataudi town as reward for aiding the Company against the Maratha Empire, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

neg: India–Portugal relations consisting mainly of cork and cork products, pulp and paper products, organic chemicals and plastics. Following President Venkataraman’s 1990 visit, an agreement was reached about the gold ornaments taken away from Goa by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in 1961. These ornaments, deposited by the people of Goa in the Banco Nacional Ultramarino during Portuguese rule, were returned to the Indian government during the visit of Indian Minister of State for External Affairs, Eduardo Faleiro in July 1991. India–Portugal relations Relations between India and Portugal began amicably in 1947 when the former achieved independence. Relations went into decline after 1950 over

neg: Ajmer State in 1818. Upon the independence of India, Ajmer-Merwara became a province of the Union of India. It was a Province till it was established as a Class "C" State, named Ajmer State, on 26 January 1950 within Republic of India. Class "C" States were under direct rule of Central Government. In 1956, when India's state boundaries were reorganised, it became a district of the then Rajasthan state. Ajmer state was merged into Rajasthan state on 1 November 1956. Kishangarh sub-division of erstwhile Jaipur district was added to it to form Ajmer district. Haribhau Upadhyaya was the first and last Chief

neg: The Emergency (India) The Emergency (India) In India, "the Emergency" refers to a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the Constitution because of the prevailing "internal disturbance", the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977. The order bestowed upon the Prime Minister the authority to rule by decree, allowing elections to be suspended and civil liberties to be curbed. For much of the Emergency, most of Gandhi's political opponents were

neg: Theosophy (Blavatskian) activist causes, promoting women's rights in India through the Women's Indian Association and helping to establish both the Central Hindu College and a Hindu girls' school. Besant also began a campaign for Indian Home Rule, founding a group called the Home Rule League. She established the "New India" newspaper, and after continuing to promote Indian independence in the paper's pages during the First World War she was interned for several months. This helped to boost her status within the independence movement, and at the age of 70 she was appointed President of the Indian National Congress, a largely honorary position.

neg: Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah been a provincial president of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam in united India. He was arrested for his persecution of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community. He remained in the prison in British rule in India for several months. During this period of imprisonment,he wrote his book of poetry consisting of naats.Second time he has been in prison in Pakistan during the protest against ahmadis Radio Pakistan made a special coverage of his speaches during the indopak war of 1965.He was awarded by the president with the tamgha due to his particiption in the war. Thousands of followers of his ancestors have been living in Kashmir