query: who won the confederate war north or south

pos: American Civil War American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate

pos: Opposition to the American Civil War the Confederate Army, but it reduced the manpower of white men in the Union Army. Although the peace movements, draft riots, and Emancipation Proclamation did not end the American Civil War nor did it lead to the Confederacy winning the war, they displayed the opinions of many Americans who were both ordinary people and Congressmen from north and south. Considerable opposition existed in the South. In the border states a bloody partisan war raged in Kentucky, Missouri, and Indian Territory. Many Confederate governors feuded with the Confederate government in Richmond, thus weakening the South militarily and economically. The mountain areas

pos: United States Army Wyoming and New Mexico. The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, the Confederate States Army, led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army, consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina. For the first two years Confederate forces did well in

pos: Confederate colonies the victors who had spent years fighting foreign intervention and occupation. Confederate colonies Confederate colonies were made up of refugees from the Confederate States of America who fled the United States after the Union won the American Civil War (1861–1865). They settled in many Latin American countries like Brazil and Mexico. Many Southerners had lost their land during the war and were unwilling to live under the government of the United States of America. They did not expect an improvement in the South's economic position. Most of the emigrants were from the states of Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South

pos: Confederate colonies Confederate colonies Confederate colonies were made up of refugees from the Confederate States of America who fled the United States after the Union won the American Civil War (1861–1865). They settled in many Latin American countries like Brazil and Mexico. Many Southerners had lost their land during the war and were unwilling to live under the government of the United States of America. They did not expect an improvement in the South's economic position. Most of the emigrants were from the states of Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and Missouri. No one has determined how many American southerners

pos: Tennessee in the American Civil War for the North. East Tennessee became an early base for the Republican Party in the South. Strong support for the Union challenged the Confederate commanders who controlled East Tennessee for most of the war. Generals Felix K. Zollicoffer, Edmund Kirby Smith, and Sam Jones oscillated between harsh measures and conciliatory gestures to gain support, but had little success whether they arrested hundreds of Unionist leaders or allowed men to escape the Confederate draft. Union forces finally captured the region in 1863. General William Sherman's famous March to the Sea saw him personally escorted by the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, which

pos: Union (American Civil War) Union (American Civil War) During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states (or 13, according to the Southern view and one western territory) that formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy" or "the South". All of the Union's

pos: History of South Carolina Northern missionary teachers finding former enslaved adults as well as children eager for learning. The supervisors assigned plots of plantation land to individual freedmen households, who began to do subsistence farming, generally of food crops and cotton or rice. Despite South Carolina's important role, and the Union's unsuccessful attempt to take Charleston from 1863 onward, fighting was largely limited to naval activities until almost the end of the war. Having completed his March to the Sea at Savannah in 1865, Union General Sherman took his army to Columbia, then north into North Carolina. With most major Confederate resistance eliminated by

pos: Richmond, Kentucky was incorporated in 1809. Kentucky was a border state during the Civil War and stayed in the Union. On August 30, 1862, during the Civil War, the Union and Confederate Armies clashed in the Battle of Richmond. Troops under Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith routed the soldiers of Union General William Nelson. Out of Nelson's 6,500 men, only 1,200 escaped; the rest were all captured. One historian called this battle "the nearest thing to a Cannae ever scored by any general, North or South, in the course of the whole war." In 1906, Eastern Kentucky State Normal School was founded

pos: If the South Had Won the Civil War John Alexander McClernand insisted on assuming command despite being a political appointee who was not fit for the job. By thoroughly bad generalship, McClernand managed to totally lose the Vicksburg Campaign and get the Army of the Tennessee almost completely destroyed. Soon afterwards, at the Battle of Gettysburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee made some better decisions than in our history and managed to win the battle and largely destroy the Union Army of the Potomac as well. Two such major disasters following one upon the other caused a panic reaction in the North. Washington, D.C. descended into total chaos,

pos: Zora Fair Confederate General Joseph Johnston. Her letter was intercepted by the Union Army, which attempted to track her down. Sources differ as to whether or not the Union Army caught and interrogated her. After the war, she returned to North Carolina. She died a few months later. Zora Fair Izora (Zora) Fair was a native of South Carolina. During the American Civil War, she was a refugee in Oxford, Georgia. In November 1864, she nearly exposed General Sherman's planned "March to the Sea" to the Confederacy. She was sometimes called Oxford's Confederate Girl Spy. Fair disguised herself as an African-American, by

pos: Blockade runners of the American Civil War Florida in the next<br>thirty days, she will fall into the hands of the North. Nothing human can prevent it." Ever military center in the South urgently requested ordnance and supplies from Richmond. Because of the incursions of the Union Army, the Confederate Navy had limited coal, with the only domestic sources being located in North Carolina and Alabama. The well-funded Importing and Exporting Company of Georgia was founded in 1863 by Gazaway Bugg Lamar, a Wall Street banker who had returned to his native Georgia at the outbreak of hostilities. At this time, the Confederate government depended almost entirely on

pos: Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar the establishment of a Confederate memorial there included William H. Terrell, an Atlanta attorney who believed that while the North had spent millions of dollars on monuments to the Union, the South had not sufficiently honored Confederate heroes. Also active in the early days of the Stone Mountain proposal was Helen Plane (1829–1925), who had been a belle from Atlanta before the war, and whose husband had given his life at the Battle of Antietam in 1862. She devoted the remainder of her life to preserving the memory of the Southern cause. The release of the film "The Birth of

pos: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis) Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis) The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (or Garfield Park Confederate Prisoner of War Monument) is a large granite monument that sits at the south entrance of Garfield Park in Indianapolis to commemorate the Confederate prisoners of war that died at Camp Morton. At tall and located in the city's oldest public park, it is the most prominent of the very few Confederate memorials in the Union state of Indiana. Shortly after the start of the Civil War, the original Indiana State Fairgrounds site in present-day Herron–Morton Place Historic District was converted into a Union

pos: Across Five Aprils visit him and despite his injuries, Shadrach leaves. A few months later, they send a letter asking Matt’s blessing and they get married. The battle between the North and the South continues and it seems that the North is having the upper hand. That year in December, Lincoln announces that he will pardon every Confederate who promises to be a member of the Union. Lincoln is reelected president while the North continues to win battle after battle. The last chapter of the novel presents the victory of the Union and the defeat of the south. The war ends in April

pos: War Eagle Mill washing it downstream and completely destroying it. The Blackburns rebuilt the mill and expanded it to include a sawmill. Business prospered as the local population increased. After 1860, with the Civil War, northwest Arkansas residents were caught between strongly Confederate Arkansans to the south and Union-supporting Missourians just a few miles north. The Blackburns' five sons enlisted in the Confederate Army, while the Blackburns took the rest of their family to Texas, returning four years later. In 1862, the Union Army moved into northern Arkansas and the War Eagle Valley, and used the mill to grind grain. As the Confederate

pos: Hispanics in the American Civil War as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army". She traveled in Europe as well as in the Southern United States promoting her book and ideals. Hispanics in the American Civil War Hispanics in the American Civil War fought on both the Union and Confederate sides of the conflict. Not all the Hispanics who fought in the American Civil War were "Hispanic-Americans", in other words citizens of the United States. Many of them were Spanish subjects or nationals from countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America. Some were born in a US Territory and therefore did not have the right

pos: Southern Unionist could best be maintained by remaining in the Union as it existed. Some Unionists initially opposed secession (especially in the states of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia), but afterward either actively served and fought with the Confederate armies, or supported the Confederacy in other ways. Others refused to fight, went North or stayed North to enlist in the Union Army, or fought informally as partisans in the South. Some remained in the South and tried to stay neutral. The term could also be used of any Southerner who worked with the Republican Party or Union government in any capacity after

pos: Military history of Canada and removed two Confederate officials who were bound for Britain. The British government was outraged and, with war appearing imminent, took steps to reinforce its North American garrison, increasing it from a strength of 4,000 to 18,000. However, war was averted and the sense of crisis subsided. This incident proved to be the final major episode of Anglo-American military confrontation in North America, as both sides increasingly became persuaded of the benefits of amicable relations. At the same time, many Canadians went south to fight in the Civil War, with most joining the Union side, although some were sympathetic toward

pos: Fort Fisher Fort Fisher Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, from 1861 until its capture by the Union in 1865. The fort was located on one of Cape Fear River's two outlets to the Atlantic Ocean on what was then known as Federal Point or Confederate Point and today is known as Pleasure Island. The strength of Fort Fisher led to its being called the "Southern Gibraltar" and the "Malakoff Tower of the South.". The battle of Fort Fisher was the most decisive battle

pos: Surrender of a Confederate Soldier 2012 exhibition The Civil War and American Art. In her catalog for the exhibition, Harvey asserts that the painting is part of a genre of images, painted in the Union states of the North, that showed the dignified surrender of the Southern soldiers as a way of depicting the emotional trauma of their defeat, the uncertainty of their social and economic future, and the possibility of a peaceful long-term reconciliation between the North and South. The artist served in the Union army and was a Medal of Honor recipient. Surrender of a Confederate Soldier Surrender of a Confederate Soldier is

pos: 1863 Confederate Congressional election by the Confederate Congress. Overall, five candidates ran on a peace platform and won. The elections were processed over six months due to the amount of Confederate territory occupied by the Union Army, in addition to all of the absentee ballots necessitated by the large refugee population. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas sent 32 of the 41 antiadministration Congressmen to the House. The majority wielded by the Confederate Congress would not have been possible without the near unified support from the occupied districts. The results of the 1863 election indicating waning public confidence in the Davis

neg: Opposition to the American Civil War Opposition to the American Civil War Popular opposition to the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, was widespread. Although there had been many attempts at compromise prior to the outbreak of war, there were those who felt it could still be ended peacefully or did not believe it should have occurred in the first place. Opposition took the form of both those in the North who believed the South had the right to be independent and those in the South who wanted neither war nor a Union advance into the newly declared Confederate States of America. The

neg: Settling Accounts: In at the Death Mexican War between the United States and Confederate States of America in the 1880s which is also won by the South. 35 years later the North, allied with the Central Powers, wins an alternative World War I known as the Great War over the South and its allies, the Triple Entente. As in our actual timeline, another World War follows two decades later, and the North and its primary ally, Germany, wins the Second Great War against the Confederates and their allies, including primarily the United Kingdom and France. The United States campaigns mirror Sherman's march to the sea as

neg: Iowa in the American Civil War were wounded. Cemeteries throughout the South contain the remains of Iowa soldiers who fell during the war, with the largest concentration at Vicksburg National Cemetery. A number also died in Confederate prison camps, including Andersonville prison. Though the total number of Iowans who served in the military during the Civil War seems small compared to the more heavily populated eastern and southern states, no other state, north or south, had a higher percentage of its male population between the ages of 15 and 40 serve in the military during the course of the war. Iowa contributed 48 regiments of state

neg: Jamestown, North Carolina Jamestown's industry through the latter half of the 19th century and a highly prized collectible among gun enthusiasts today. During the Civil War, Jamestown's Quakers, who opposed war and violence, attempted to remain neutral. However, the Confederacy demanded that those who were able to make shoes, uniforms, or weapons continue to do so or pay heavy taxes. Records indicate that Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his entourage passed through Jamestown during their hasty retreat to the south after the Civil War ended. Prior to the war, Jamestown was a known "stop" along the Underground Railroad, which helped fugitive slaves reach

neg: If the South Had Won the Civil War If the South Had Won the Civil War If the South Had Won the Civil War is a 1961 alternate history book by MacKinlay Kantor, a writer who also wrote several novels about the American Civil War as it actually happened. It was originally published in the November 22, 1960, issue of "Look" magazine. It generated such a response that it was published in 1961 as a book. The book is written in the manner of a history text published in the alternate reality of 1961 and describing the developments of the past century, in which the Confederate States of

neg: Slavery during the American Civil War bureau, and Magruder was known for his ability to usually succeed in appeals to slaveholder patriotism to acquire slaves rather than impressment. In the West, General Nathan Bedford Forrest led numerous cavalry raids where he captured many slaves who had fled behind Union lines, often sending excess to other commands. Confederate forces also made raids on Union controlled plantations in the south, particularly along the Mississippi river. When Confederate forces marched North, such as during the Gettysburg campaign under Robert E. Lee, Confederates in Pennsylvania rounded up as many blacks as possible, whether they were free before the war or

neg: Bennett Place again on April 26, 1865, and with the assistance of Gen. John M. Schofield, agreed to new terms omitting the controversial sections. The agreement disbanded all active Confederate forces in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, totaling 89,270 soldiers, as the largest group to surrender during the Civil War. James and Nancy Bennett were like many families who suffered tremendously during the four years of war. They lost a son and son-in-law: Lorenzo, who served in the 27th North Carolina, buried in Winchester, Virginia; and their daughter Eliza's husband, Robert Duke, who died in a Confederate Army hospital and

neg: Russellville, Arkansas an east-west road from Little Rock to Fort Smith and a north-south buffalo trail to a ford on the Arkansas River. Early travelers used these established trails to pass through the valley. When the town's residents decided to name the town, it came down to two choices: Shinnville or Russellville, and Russellville won. As with the war with Mexico in the 1840s, many men of Russellville served in the state’s military forces during the American Civil War. Local men served in the state forces early in the war, with many transferring to Confederate regiments by 1862. Several local men were

neg: Guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War Union forces, but voluntarily ceased hostilities after capturing the town of Waynesville, North Carolina, on May 10, 1865. In the late 20th century, several historians focused on the Confederate government's decision to not use guerrilla warfare to prolong the war. Near the end of the war, there were those in the administration who advocated continuing the southern fight as a guerrilla conflict. These efforts were opposed by Confederate generals such as Lee who ultimately believed that surrender and reconciliation were the best options for the war-ravaged South. Other notable bushwhackers, jahawkers, and guerrillas of the Civil War included Frank James,

neg: Confederate Memorial (Wilmington, North Carolina) Confederate Memorial (Wilmington, North Carolina) Located at the plaza of South Third and Dock Street in downtown Wilmington, North Carolina, the bronze and granite Confederate Memorial stands honoring soldiers who fought for The Confederacy. The monument consists of an eleven-ton granite backdrop, granite base, and a bronze sculpture of one fallen and one standing soldier atop the base. The two soldiers represent the Confederacy, 11 slave-holding states which fought from 1861 - 1865 for independence from the United States during the American Civil War. The Confederacy relied heavily on a slave based economy and a deeply conservative social hierarchy based

neg: Mollie Bean and incarcerated at Richmond's wartime prison Castle Thunder where Mary and Molly Bell would later be held prisoners on October 19, 1864. She is a major character in Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel "The Guns of the South". Her character in the book is also a prostitute who marries a fellow North Carolina soldier and a teacher who taught her how to read. Mollie Bean Mollie Bean or Melvin Bean was a North Carolinian woman who, pretending to be a man, joined the 47th North Carolina, a unit of the Confederate army in the American Civil War. She took on

neg: Cincinnati in the American Civil War and Confederate prisoners of war. As the war progressed, Camp Dennison became a significant base of operations for Federal military units heading south to the front lines. Another significant U.S. Army training camp near Cincinnati was Camp Harrison, located six miles north of Cincinnati, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad. The post was named for President William Henry Harrison, who was from Hamilton County. The soldiers at Camp Harrison usually remained at the camp for only a short time for training. In September 1862, Confederate Brig. Gen. Henry Heth was sent north from Lexington, Kentucky to "make a demonstration"

neg: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis) Crown Hill National Cemetery, with a small grave marker bearing no names. The monument is located within a circular walking path north of Pagoda Drive, just within Garfield Park's south road entrance on East Southern Avenue. It is made of white granite, and measures tall and wide. On its north face, the granite shaft contains the following inscription: "ERECTED BY THE UNITED STATES TO MARK THE BURIAL PLACE OF 1616 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS WHO DIED HERE WHILE PRISONERS OF WAR AND WHOSE GRAVES CANNOT NOW BE IDENTIFIED". Six wide bronze plates along the north and south sides of the

neg: Conclusion of the American Civil War thousand Confederate soldiers who were surrendered from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The conditions of surrender were in a document called "Terms of a Military Convention" signed by Sherman, Johnston, and Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant at Raleigh, North Carolina. The first major stage in the peace-making process was when Lee's surrender occurred at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. This, coupled with Lincoln's assassination, induced Johnston to act, believing: "With such odds against us, without the means of procuring ammunition or repairing arms, without money or credit to provide food, it was impossible to continue the war except

neg: Historical reputation of Ulysses S. Grant American national identity and memory", when millions turned out for his funeral procession in 1885. Grant was the most successful Union General of the Civil War, defeating six Confederate armies and capturing three. He was criticized over the Battle of Shiloh after the public learned that this victory came with unprecedented losses of life, and again during the Overland Campaign for the same reason. Despite the criticism, once Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox he was largely praised throughout the North as the man who had won the war. Not surprisingly, general opinion of Grant in the South was much

neg: If the South Had Won the Civil War either the US going to war over the Indian Territory or the Confederacy seeking to retain Texas by force, but it was averted; Texas was allowed to amicably go its own way, and relations between all three nations steadily improved. The two terms of US President James B. McPherson (in actual history, a Union officer who was killed during the Battle of Atlanta in July 1864) were marked by a strong tendency towards reconciliation with the Confederate States. His Second Inaugural Speech, arguing that the war ending in 1863 saved the lives of many who would have been killed had

neg: Zirkle Mill apparently his miller at the time. Mowery was unable to hold onto the mill and it passed through a number of owners until it was purchased by Peter Myers who lived just outside Forestville, VA in 1853. War had once again come to the valley as the north and south faced off against each other in the Civil War. After driving Confederate General Jubal Early from the field at the Battle of Fisher's Hill, Union General Phillip Sheridan pursued him as far south as Harrisonburg and McGaheysville, Virginia. There he stopped as he feared Confederate Troops from the Richmond area

neg: Southern Victory to retreat south. In battles at Round Hill, Centreville, and Bull Run (at the same site of a famous War of Secession battle), rear-guard actions led by a few battered batteries of the "First Richmond Howitzers" prevent the complete destruction of the latest incarnation of Robert E. Lee's fabled army. However, it is obvious the war is on the verge of being lost; this does not sit well with Confederate soldiers, who reckoned the war won only a few months before. The Confederate States of America started sending peace feelers to Philadelphia as early as the fall of Nashville, but

neg: John L. O'Sullivan This proved to be his last steady employment; he and his wife would spend the rest of their lives on the edge of poverty. O'Sullivan opposed the coming of the American Civil War, hoping that a peaceful solution—or a peaceful separation of North and South—could be worked out. In Europe when the war began, O'Sullivan became an active supporter of the Confederate States of America; he may have been on the Confederate payroll at some point. O'Sullivan wrote a number of pamphlets promoting the Confederate cause, arguing that the presidency had become too powerful and that states' rights needed to

neg: Native Americans in the American Civil War and left 200 casualties. The Cherokee who had not been removed were also caught in the middle of the Civil War. Some chose to side with the Confederate Army since they were located in the southern states. The Thomas Legion, an Eastern Band of Confederate Cherokee, led by Col. William Holland Thomas, fought in the mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina. Another 200 Cherokee formed the Junaluska Zouaves. Nearly all Catawba adult males served the South in the 5th, 12th and 17th South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia. They distinguished themselves in the Peninsula Campaign, at Second Manassas,

neg: Timeline of Arizona but most of current Arizona was transferred to the United States as a result of the Mexican–American War, with the rest transferring with the completion of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. During the American Civil War, both sides laid claim to Arizona, although the North and South split the New Mexico/Arizona area differently: the South split the territory into north and south divisions, creating Confederate Arizona, while the northern section remained part of the United States as the New Mexico Territory; while the North in 1863, after driving Confederate forces from the Tucson area, created the Arizona Territory from the

neg: Origins of the American Civil War the Deep South, whose riverfront or coastal economies were all based on cotton cultivated using slave labor. They formed the Confederate States of America after Lincoln was elected, but before he took office. Nationalists (in the North and "Unionists" in the South) refused to recognize the declarations of secession. No foreign country's government ever recognized the Confederacy. The U.S. government under President James Buchanan refused to relinquish its forts that were in territory claimed by the Confederacy. The war itself began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter, a major U.S. fortress in the harbor of Charleston,

neg: Confederate States of America was passed by the Confederate Congress, the Confederate district courts heard many cases in which enemy aliens (typically Northern absentee landlords owning property in the South) had their property sequestered (seized) by Confederate Receivers. When the matter came before the Confederate court, the property owner could not appear because he was unable to travel across the front lines between Union and Confederate forces. Thus, the District Attorney won the case by default, the property was typically sold, and the money used to further the Southern war effort. Eventually, because there was no Confederate Supreme Court, sharp attorneys like South Carolina's

neg: Parallel universes in fiction Leiber's novel "The Big Time" where there's a war across time between two alternative futures manipulating history to create a timeline that results in or realizes their own world. Time travelers in fiction often accidentally or deliberately create alternative histories, such as in "The Guns of the South" by Harry Turtledove where the Confederate Army is given thousands of AK-47 rifles and ends up winning the American Civil War. (However, Ward Moore reversed this staple of alternative history fiction in his "Bring the Jubilee" (1953), where an alternative world where the Confederate States of America won the Battle of Gettysburg

neg: J. Johnston Pettigrew James Johnston Pettigrew Camp #1401 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans in Lenoir, North Carolina, was named for the fallen officer. Pettigrew was portrayed by actor George Lazenby in the 1993 film "Gettysburg". At the time of filming, Lazenby was approximately 53, an age the real Pettigrew never reached. Mackinlay Kantor's novella "If the South Had Won the Civil War" quotes passages from a chronicle of the CSA's early years of independence, written by a longer-lived Pettigrew. J. Johnston Pettigrew James Johnston Pettigrew (July 4, 1828 – July 17, 1863) was an author, lawyer, linguist, diplomat, and a Confederate general

neg: Hampton Park (Charleston) Hampton Park (Charleston) Hampton Park is a public park located in peninsular Charleston, South Carolina, USA. At , it is the largest park on the peninsula. It is bordered by The Citadel to the west, Hampton Park Terrace to the south, North Central to the east, and Wagener Terrace to the north. The park is named in honor of Confederate General Wade Hampton III who, at the time of the Civil War, owned one of the largest collections of slaves in the South . After the Civil War, Hampton became a proponent of the Lost Cause movement, member of the

neg: Cherokee in the American Civil War Cherokee in the American Civil War The Cherokee in the American Civil War were active in the Trans-Mississippi and Western Theaters. In the east, Confederate Cherokees led by William Holland Thomas hindered Union forces trying to use the Appalachian mountain passes of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Out west, Confederate Cherokee Stand Watie led primarily Native Confederate forces in the Indian Territory, in what is now the state of Oklahoma. Before Indian Removal, the Cherokee Nation was centered in and around the Blue Ridge Mountains—southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, western South Carolina and northeastern Georgia. The Cherokee attempted to

neg: Maple Hill Cemetery (Huntsville, Alabama) the sale of the Pope estate in 1849, or whether this property in fact contained the existing Pope cemetery. Several other monuments in this section suggest its use at least as early as 1844. During the Civil War, Maple Hill Cemetery became the burial site of 187 unknown Confederate soldiers and an uncertain number of Union soldiers. Most of the Confederate soldiers, buried in the Confederate section on the north side of the cemetery, died early in the war of disease or accidents while training in camps close to Huntsville. Numerous Union troops who died during the federal occupation of

neg: Confederate war finance 1863 the Confederate Congress decided to adopt the gold standard. But convertibility was not implemented until 1879 (the 1863 law was never implemented, as it was superseded by the Coinage Act of 1873 and the end of the Confederacy). Issued loans accounted for roughly 21% of the finance of Confederate war expenditure. Initially the South was more successful in selling debt than the North, partially because New Orleans was a major financial center. Its financiers bought up two-fifths of a 15 million dollar loan in early 1861. The two main types of loans issued by the South during the war

neg: Confederate States of America armed forces of the Confederacy comprised three branches: Army, Navy and Marine Corps. The Confederate military leadership included many veterans from the United States Army and United States Navy who had resigned their Federal commissions and had won appointment to senior positions in the Confederate armed forces. Many had served in the Mexican–American War (including Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis), but some such as Leonidas Polk (who graduated from West Point but did not serve in the Army) had little or no experience. The Confederate officer corps consisted of men from both slave-owning and non-slave-owning families. The Confederacy appointed

neg: Military of the Confederate States of America found it necessary to pass a conscription act, which drafted men into PACS. The Confederate military leadership included many veterans from the United States Army and United States Navy who had resigned their Federal commissions and had won appointment to senior positions in the Confederate armed forces. Many had served in the Mexican–American War (including Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis), but others had little or no military experience (such as Leonidas Polk, who had attended West Point.) The Confederate officer corps was composed in part of young men from slave-owning families, but many came from non-owners. The Confederacy appointed

neg: Upland South the term Upper South was often used to refer specifically to the Confederate states that did not secede until after the attack on Fort Sumter—Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. This can also include the border states of Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, Maryland, or Delaware in the Upper South. Today, although many definitions are still based on Civil War-era politics, the term Upper South is often used for all of the American South north of the Deep South. The "Encyclopædia Britannica" defines the Upper South as the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The Upland South

neg: History of North Carolina of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. During the antebellum period, North Carolina was an overwhelmingly rural state, even by Southern standards. In 1860, only one North Carolina town, the port city of Wilmington, had a population of more than 10,000. Raleigh, the state capital, had barely more than 5,000 residents. The majority of white families comprised the Plain Folk of the Old South, or "yeoman farmers." They owned their own small farms and occasionally had a slave

neg: John Wilkes Booth in Confederate hands, Lincoln would be exchanged for Confederate Army prisoners of war held in Northern prisons and, Booth reasoned, bring the war to an end by emboldening opposition to the war in the North or forcing Union recognition of the Confederate government. Throughout the Civil War, the Confederacy maintained a network of underground operators in southern Maryland, particularly Charles and St. Mary's counties, smuggling recruits across the Potomac River into Virginia and relaying messages for Confederate agents as far north as Canada. Booth recruited his friends Samuel Arnold and Michael O'Laughlen as accomplices. They met often at the house

neg: Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States in the war, or who had died in battle, often expressed their loyalties with envelopes illustrated with flags, portraits, slogans and allegorical figures such as that of "Liberty", which clearly captured the sentiments of that time. This practice was most evident in the North where there were many printers, especially in the larger cities, who produced an that proudly displayed these designs and which quickly became popular among the citizenry. The situation in the south was quite different. The demand for printers in the agrarian South was much less, and consequently established and qualified printers were generally nonexistent throughout most

neg: Plantations in the American South or more slaves, and of six hundred or more acres. Many nostalgic memoirs about plantation life were published in the post-bellum South. For example, James Battle Avirett, who grew up on the Avirett-Stephens Plantation in Onslow County, North Carolina and served as an Episcopal chaplain in the Confederate States Army, published "The Old Plantation: How We Lived in Great House and Cabin before the War" in 1901. Such memoirs often included descriptions of Christmas as the epitome of anti-modern order exemplified by the "great house" and extended family. On larger plantations an overseer represented the planter in matters of daily

neg: USS Cambridge (1860) the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron from 9 February 1865 until the close of the war, "Cambridge" helped tighten the stranglehold on the Confederacy as she cruised off the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina and South Carolina. Determined vigilance and alert action won her 11 prizes, some of them taken under the guns of Confederate shore batteries. In a brief five days, she and two other ships in company took four blockade runners, and chased a fifth ashore. In one of her most daring exploits, "Cambridge"s guns drove a schooner ashore near Masonboro Inlet, North Carolina on 17 November 1862.

neg: Augusta Confederate Monument the war was coming to an end, Benson decided not to surrender with Lee at Appomattox and returned to Augusta with his rifle, never surrendering. In 1875, when The Ladies Memorial Association honored the Confederate soldiers of Richmond County with a war memorial, Berry Benson was chosen as the model for the enlisted soldier atop their monument. Benson lived until 1923, actively serving his community. He is buried at Sunset Hill Cemetery in North Augusta, South Carolina. Augusta Confederate Monument The Augusta Confederate Monument, also known as the Richmond County Confederate Monument, is located in the median of the 700

neg: Libby Prison Civil War Center, located at the former Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond. In the television miniseries "North and South", General George Hazard (James Read) was taken prisoner and sent to Libby Prison, which was under temporary command of the sadistic Captain Turner (Wayne Newton), only to be rescued by his best friend, General Orry Main (Patrick Swayze), and Main's cousin, Confederate officer Charles Main (Lewis Smith). However, in the original novel, "Love and War" by John Jakes, it is George's brother, Billy Hazard, who is imprisoned at Libby and rescued by Charles Main. Libby Prison Libby Prison was a Confederate

neg: Confederate States of America Richmond swelled after it became the Confederate capital, reaching an estimated 128,000 in 1864. Other Southern cities in the Border slave-holding states such as Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Wheeling (W.Va., formerly Va.), Alexandria, Louisville, and St. Louis never came under the control of the Confederate government. The cities of the Confederacy included most prominently in order of size of population: "(See also Atlanta in the Civil War, Charleston, South Carolina, in the Civil War, Nashville in the Civil War, New Orleans in the Civil War, Wilmington, North Carolina, in the American Civil War, and Richmond in the Civil War)." The CSA

neg: 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment of Averasboro and Bentonville in North Carolina, the Regiment was surrendered, along with the remaining men of Kershaw’s brigade, to General Sherman as part of General Joseph E. Johnston’s Army of Tennessee in Greensboro, North Carolina on April 26, 1865. Kershaw’s brigade and the 15th South Carolina Infantry served as the last Confederate provost guard protecting food and ordnance stores in Greensboro before finally returning to their homes in South Carolina. 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment The 15th South Carolina Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The 15th South

neg: The Red Badge of Gayness Robert E. Lee, and the boys are outraged by his dressing as a Confederate officer. Evidently under the impression that the reenactment is a competition of some sort, Cartman bets that the South will win the Civil War, and if it does, Stan and Kyle will be his slaves for a month, or vice versa. Knowing that the outcome is supposed to be historical victory for the North as planned, Stan and Kyle eagerly accept the challenge. Cartman manipulates the drunken Confederate reenactors into actually striving to win the reenactment. At the after party, all of the reenactors, Confederate and

neg: Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States Keatinge & Ball of Columbia, South Carolina. Among them, these firms employed all three methods of printing commonly in use at that time: "lithography," "typography" and "line-engraving". The first Confederate Postage stamps were issued and placed in circulation on October 16, 1861, five months after postal service between the North and South had been suspended. A considerable number of Confederate covers (i.e. stamped - addressed envelope) survived the Civil War and through the many years since they were mailed and have been avidly sought after and preserved by historians and collectors alike. The war had divided family members and friends

neg: The Guns of the South are unknown to Confederate military engineers. The AWB establish a base in the little town of Rivington, North Carolina, making it into a combined fortress and arsenal. They also set up offices near the War Department, in the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. The AWB continues to offer inexplicable intelligence and technology to the Confederacy, providing Lee with what they call nitroglycerin pills, which ease his frequent chest pains. Finally, Lee questions their leader, Andries Rhoodie, who provides Lee a partially true explanation. The men of AWB are Afrikaner Neo-Nazi ultra-nationalists from a post-apartheid South Africa, having traveled back in

neg: Slavery during the American Civil War songs among slaves were "john Brown's Body" and H. C. Work's "Kingdom Coming", and as the war continued, the lyrics African Americans sung changed, with vagueness and coded language dropped and including open expressions of their new roles as soldiers and citizens. Slave owners in the south responded by restricting singing on plantations and imprisoning singers of songs supporting emancipation or the North. Confederate supporters also looked to music sung by slaves for signs of loyalty. Several Confederate regimental bands included slaves, and Confederates arranged slaves to sing and dance to show how happy they were. Slave performer Thomas Greene

neg: USS Bermuda (1861) the South a steady flow of supplies to sustain its struggle for independence. "Bermuda" was then chartered to Frasier Trenholme and Co., a British corporation that served the Confederate government as its commercial and financial agent in the British Isles. Soon after she was launched, probably in late July or early August 1861, "Bermuda"—Eugene L. Tessier, master—dropped down the Tees River to West Hartlepool where she loaded the first cargo purchased in England by agents of the Confederate War Department. She departed West Hartlepool on August 18, proceeded south along England's North Sea coast, transited the Strait of Dover, and

neg: Confederate Soldiers Monument (Durham, North Carolina) Confederate Soldiers Monument (Durham, North Carolina) The Confederate Soldiers Monument (popularly known as "The Boys Who Wore Gray") was a memorial to the soldiers from Durham County who fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. The monument was a bronze sculpture (not solid) of a male armed and uniformed Confederate soldier atop a granite base. The plinth also held two lampposts and a pyramid of four cannonballs. The inscriptions on the base read "In memory of "The boys who wore the gray"" on the front, "This memorial erected by the people of Durham County" on

neg: Confederate Soldiers Monument (Durham, North Carolina) this law, as well to catalog and issue recommendations on other Confederate memorials in the area. The committee is expected to complete its work by November 2018. Confederate Soldiers Monument (Durham, North Carolina) The Confederate Soldiers Monument (popularly known as "The Boys Who Wore Gray") was a memorial to the soldiers from Durham County who fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. The monument was a bronze sculpture (not solid) of a male armed and uniformed Confederate soldier atop a granite base. The plinth also held two lampposts and a pyramid of four cannonballs. The

neg: Phillips Square Joyce, “the high class caterer and confectioner” and one-time mayor of the town of Outremont who built an elegant shop on the south side of the square in 1878. In 1891, Morgan's department store established itself on the north side of the square. That site is of particular interest to visitors from the U.S. because Confederate President Jefferson Davis sent his family to live in Montreal during the civil war; a brass plaque installed on the west side of the store, today called The Bay, was dedicated to the memory of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States, who came

neg: American Civil War of the war itself are subjects of lingering contention today. The North and West grew rich while the once-rich South became poor for a century. The national political power of the slaveowners and rich southerners ended. Historians are less sure about the results of the postwar Reconstruction, especially regarding the second class citizenship of the Freedmen and their poverty. Historians have debated whether the Confederacy could have won the war. Most scholars, including James McPherson, argue that Confederate victory was at least possible. McPherson argues that the North's advantage in population and resources made Northern victory likely but not guaranteed.

neg: Slavery during the American Civil War part of the campaign, building fallback lines for the stubbornly retreating Confederate army to man. At Richmond, Lee received 2,000 or his requested 5,000 to relieve white teamsters for duty in the lines. Near the end of the war, the Confederacy made efforts to enlist black soldiers. In November 1864, Confederate president Jefferson Davis called on the Confederate Congress to purchase 40,000 slaves who would then be emancipated in return for military service. Such calls were very contentious in the south, with General Patrick Cleburne being a leading proponent of arming slaves. Among the opposition to the idea, General Howell

neg: Hardeeville, South Carolina saw some skirmishes between Union and Confederate forces during the Civil War. The Charleston and Savannah Railway (today's CSX Transportation) was considered a prized possession and major strategic goal for Union forces. The Battle of Honey Hill, an effort to defend the railroad, was one of the last battles won by southern forces in late 1864, shortly before General William Sherman entered South Carolina after his March to the Sea in Georgia. The area within the city was settled in the 19th century by Isaac Hardee, a native North Carolinean. Through the efforts of his son, Whyte William Hardee, a

neg: Georgia in the American Civil War course of the war, some Georgians banded together to resist Confederate authorities. Some were Unionists in their beliefs, but others were anti-Confederate due to Confederate government's policy of impressment and conscription. Deserter gangs were made up of those who had deserted from Confederate forces. Layout gangs consisted of those who had avoided conscription by hiding out. Pro-Confederate Georgians often derided these groups as Tories. Some groups consisted of both deserters and draft evaders. The mountains of north Georgia were one location where many such groups operated. Others operated in the swamps of the Alapaha River in Berrien, Coffee, Echols County,

neg: Hampton Park (Charleston) (more centrally located in Hampton Park) would again become an active food station. Hampton Park (Charleston) Hampton Park is a public park located in peninsular Charleston, South Carolina, USA. At , it is the largest park on the peninsula. It is bordered by The Citadel to the west, Hampton Park Terrace to the south, North Central to the east, and Wagener Terrace to the north. The park is named in honor of Confederate General Wade Hampton III who, at the time of the Civil War, owned one of the largest collections of slaves in the South . After the Civil

neg: Confederate States Army War under President Franklin Pierce. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and

neg: Confederate States of America war into the North by two offensives in time to affect the mid-term elections. Much of northwestern Virginia was under Federal control. In February and March, most of Missouri and Kentucky were Union "occupied, consolidated, and used as staging areas for advances further South". Following the repulse of Confederate counter-attack at the Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, permanent Federal occupation expanded west, south and east. Confederate forces repositioned south along the Mississippi River to Memphis, Tennessee, where at the naval Battle of Memphis, its River Defense Fleet was sunk. Confederates withdrew from northern Mississippi and northern Alabama. New Orleans was captured

neg: Confederate imprint there were only four major book publishers in the South, although there were numerous small job printers. Of even greater concern was the fact that the South manufactured little of its own paper and ink. After Secession, these were no longer available from the North, and the South began to expand its own printing and manufacture of paper and ink. Shortages of these supplies, however, were chronic and often severe. The following institutions have significant collections of Confederate imprints: Confederate imprint Confederate imprints are books, pamphlets, broadsides, newspapers, periodicals or sheet music printed in the Confederate States of America in

neg: Richmond and Danville Railroad to the rest of the South. During the Civil War, the Confederate Army was handicapped by a lack of supplies when there often were plenty of supplies in the depots, but the quartermaster corps of the southern army was unable to deliver the goods efficiently. In one case, however, the war finally forced the Confederate government to over-rule objections by North Carolina. That state had blocked construction of a rail connection from Greensboro to Danville, fearing that after the war trade from North Carolina's Piedmont would continue to flow to Richmond via the R&D. Following successful Union attacks on April

neg: USS Sonoma (1862) that landed Union Army troops and a battalion of United States Marines at Gregorie Point near Yemassee, South Carolina, in an attempt to cut the rail line between Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South Carolina; they were defeated by a significantly smaller Confederate force in the Battle of Tulifinny. Early in 1865, "Sonoma" participated in operations of the squadron clearing the way for General William Tecumseh Sherman in his march north from Savannah. On 9 February 1865, "Sonoma", the sloop-of-war , and the sidewheel steamer engaged Confederate batteries at Togodo Creek, near North Edisto, South Carolina. "Sonoma" was hit twice in

neg: Bring the Jubilee of the Republic of Haiti, the only independent country south of the Mason–Dixon line, other than the Confederacy itself, located in the Western Hemisphere. Hodge leaves New York in 1944 for rural Pennsylvania, at the invitation of a mysterious woman named Barbara Haggerwells, who is part of a small co-operative society. Hodge's aspiration of becoming a historian, specializing in the war between North and South, becomes a reality when he joins this self-sufficient collective of scholars and intellectuals, called Haggershaven, founded by the children of a Confederate Major named Herbert Haggerwells, who settled after the war in the land he

neg: Southern Unionist Southern Unionist In the United States, Southern Unionists were White Southerners living in the Confederate States of America, opposed to secession, and against the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists, Southern Yankees or Lincoln Loyalists. Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as Tories (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution). During Reconstruction, these terms were replaced by “scalawag” (or “scallywag”), which covered all Southern whites who supported the Republican Party. Tennessee (especially East Tennessee), North Carolina and Virginia (which included West Virginia at that time) were home to the largest

neg: Eppa Hunton now better known for its links to its builder Judge Edward M. Spilman or for its postwar occupant (and Hunton's predecessor as owner) Confederate Colonel (and Virginia lawyer) John Singleton Mosby. Eppa Hunton Eppa Hunton II (September 22, 1822October 11, 1908) was a Virginia lawyer and soldier who rose to become a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and after the war helped revitalize the state's Democratic party and won election both to the United States House of Representatives and then the United States Senate from Virginia. His autobiography (which he finished in 1904), originally

neg: Confederate railroads in the American Civil War Attempts were made to enlarge the Confederacy's rail system by adding or connecting lines. Of the three major rail projects the Confederate congress proposed and funded, only one of them, a connection between Danville, Virginia, and Greensboro, North Carolina, was completed. Ironically, although the Confederate constitution forbade internal improvements to aid commerce, nothing within it said anything about improvements to aid wartime defense. Confederate railroads in the American Civil War The American Civil War was the first in which large armies depended heavily on railroads to bring supplies. For the Confederate States Army, the system was fragile and was designed

neg: Great War (series) war is on the verge of being lost; this does not sit well with Confederate soldiers, who reckoned the war won only a few months before. The Confederate States of America started sending peace feelers to Philadelphia as early as the fall of Nashville, but Theodore Roosevelt refused to grant a cease-fire until certain that the C.S.A. was severely hammered elsewhere. The last hammers on the Confederate Army come in late July, when fighting reaches the town of Fredericksburg, Virginia, only fifty miles from the Confederate States capital. With a cease-fire already in effect in Tennessee, Sequoyah is overrun, and

neg: Antlers, Oklahoma three major divisions of their people in the Southeast, so there were three centers of loose government. White settler encroachment on their land soon began again. During the American Civil War, most of the Choctaw allied with the Confederate States of America, which had suggested it would support an independent Indian state if it won the war. During the 1880s the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, more popularly known as the “Frisco", built a north-south line through the Choctaw Nation, connecting Fort Smith, Arkansas with Paris, Texas. The US treaties required the tribes to grant the railroads rights of way. The

neg: Slavery during the American Civil War a draft bill known as the "Twenty Slave Law" that allowed one white male to stay behind on plantations with twenty or more slaves, which was mean to protect property on large plantations but also alienated many non-slaveholders in the south. The Confederate Congress passed a slave impressment law on March 26, 1863. This law raised questions about whether or not the Confederacy could seize free blacks, who numbered about 260,000 in the South in 1860. The Virginia legislature dealt with this issue by subjecting free blacks to the Confederate draft to serve in non-combat roles and limiting the number

neg: Bowling Green, Virginia north-south traffic along the U.S. east coast. A new road, Virginia State Route 207 was established from Bowling Green west to Carmel Church, where it intersects Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1, major north-south highways. In 1941, the United States government acquired of Caroline County to the north and east of Bowling Green and established the A.P. Hill Military Reservation. Known in modern times as Fort A.P. Hill, it was named for a Virginia military hero, U.S. Army and later Confederate General Ambrose Powell Hill, who was killed just prior to the end of the War in 1865. At the

neg: Southern United States or thirty-seven percent of all U.S. residents, lived in the South, the nation's most populous region. The Census Bureau defined three smaller divisions: The Council of State Governments, an organization for communication and coordination between states, includes in its South regional office the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Other terms related to the South include: The popular definition of the "South" is more informal and generally associated with the 11 states that seceded before or during the Civil War to form the Confederate States

neg: Robert E. Lee stars of a Confederate colonel, equivalent to his last U.S. Army rank. He did not intend to wear a general's insignia until the Civil War had been won and he could be promoted, in peacetime, to general in the Confederate Army. Lee's first field assignment was commanding Confederate forces in western Virginia, where he was defeated at the Battle of Cheat Mountain and was widely blamed for Confederate setbacks. He was then sent to organize the coastal defenses along the Carolina and Georgia seaboard, appointed commander, "Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida" on November 5, 1861. Between then and

neg: Confederate Memorial (Arlington National Cemetery) Below the base is a frieze of 14 inwardly inclined shields, each of which depicts the coat of arms of one of the 13 Confederate states and Maryland (which did not join the Confederacy but supported the South in the war). Below the frieze is a cylindrical mount on which are 32 life-size figures. In the front (or south-facing side) of the mount is the panoplied figure of Minerva. Minerva attempts to support the figure of a fallen woman (who also represents the South). The woman is leaning against a shield emblazoned with the words "The Constitution." Behind Minerva's head,

neg: Zebulon Baird Vance militarism of the Confederate government." – Selig Adler, historian "The purpose of war is to explore each other." "A vale of humility between two mountains of conceit." Supposedly said by Vance about North Carolina. The two mountains of conceit are Virginia and South Carolina. This is also attributed to Alexander Hamilton, but probably predates both Hamilton and Vance. There are several monuments dedicated to Vance: Several locations and schools in North Carolina bear Vance's name: Zebulon Baird Vance Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th

neg: Plain Folk of the Old South class conflict led to Confederate defeat. More damaging to Confederate nationalism was the growing localism that grew, as areas had to fend for themselves as William Tecumseh Sherman's forces came nearer. During Reconstruction Era after the war, plain folk split. Most supported the conservative (or Democratic Party) position, but some were "Scalawags" who supported the Republicans for a while. Plain Folk of the Old South Plain Folk of the Old South is a 1949 book by Vanderbilt University historian Frank Lawrence Owsley, one of the Southern Agrarians. In it he used statistical data to analyze the makeup of Southern society,

neg: North-South Skirmish Association Poland, won the individual event. The third skirmish was held at Camp Pendleton, Virginia in July 1951. Rawls and Peterkin held this event in conjunction with the last reunion of Confederate Veterans, which was attended by "General" John Salling of Slant, Virginia, and two other veterans. A parade was marched down the streets of Norfolk in blistering heat. Joining the Virginia Greys and Blue Rifles were two new teams, the 1st Richmond Rifles, and the Huron Rangers Riflemen who traveled from Detroit, MI to participate. These events, and the ones that followed, built the framework for the North-South Skirmish Association

neg: Southern United States Southern United States The southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America. It is located between the Atlantic Ocean and the western United States, with the midwestern United States and northeastern United States to its north and the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico to its south. The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States but is commonly defined as including the states that fought for the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. The Deep South is

neg: Louis Hébert (Confederate Army officer) 1863. He then served in Confederate operations in the Cape Fear District in North Carolina first in artillery and then as chief engineer of the department. He commanded the heavy artillery at and around Fort Fisher. After the war Hébert was an editor and publisher of a local St. Martin's parish newspaper, "Iberville South", and taught at several private schools. Louis Hébert died January 7, 1901 on the east bank of Bayou Teche, north of Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, where he was interred. Because his burial site was located on private land, with assistance from the Sons of Confederate Veterans on

neg: Confederate States dollar Confederacy was only two months old, and on the eve of the outbreak of the Civil War. At first, Confederate currency was accepted throughout the South as a medium of exchange with high purchasing power. As the war progressed, however, confidence in the ultimate success waned, the amount of paper money increased, and their dates of redemption were extended further into the future. Most Confederate currency carried the phrase across the top of the bill: then across the middle, the " [amount of bill] " (or " [amount of bill]" or " [amount of bill]"). As the war progressed, the

neg: Confederate States of America war, following the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Before Lincoln took office in March, a new Confederate government was established in February 1861, which was considered illegal by the government of the United States. States volunteered militia units and the new government hastened to form its own Confederate States Army from scratch practically overnight. After the American Civil War began in April, four slave states of the Upper South—Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina—also declared their secession and joined the

neg: Names of the American Civil War latter regained some currency in the 20th century, but has again fallen out of use. Also in the 20th century, the term "War of Northern Aggression" developed under the Lost Cause of the Confederacy movement by Southern history revisionists, with attempts to negatively re-imagine the American Civil War narrative and preserve Confederate legacy. "Freedom War" is used to celebrate the effect the war had on ending slavery. In several European languages, the war is called "War of Secession". In most East Asian languages, the war is called "Battle between North and South side of the United States" or more commonly

neg: Great War (series) his wife Sophie by car bombing, both the USA and CSA join almost immediately on the side of their respective allies, and the USA is fighting a two-front war against Britain's primary representative on North America, Canada and Newfoundland to the north, and the Confederate States to the south. In eastern North America, the conflict soon bogs down into trench warfare, while in the West the battle lines are more fluid. Various characters are traced through the war, with several male characters changed forever by their military service. In South America, Chile went to war with Argentina. In this series,