query: a scholar who studies the music of different cultural groups is called a ( n )

pos: Musicology journals in various subfields gives some idea of musicological writings: The following musicology journals can be accessed on-line through JSTOR (requires subscription for full access). Many of them have their latest issues available on-line via publisher portals (usually requiring a fee for access). Musicology Musicology () is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although music research is often more scientific in focus (psychological, sociological, acoustical, neurological, computational). A scholar who participates in musical research is a musicologist. Traditionally, historical musicology (commonly termed "music history") has been the most prominent sub-discipline of

pos: Lazarus Ekwueme the importance and employment of music in cardinal events in the lives of Africans and those in diaspora is a theme prevalent in many of his research efforts.<ref> Lazarus E. N. Ekwueme, {African-Music Retentions in the New World, The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 Autumn, Lazarus Ekwueme Lazarus Edward Nnanyelu Ekwueme (born 28 January 1936) also known as Laz Ekwueme is a Nigerian musicologist, composer, scholar and actor. He is one of the pioneer lecturers of music in Nigeria and also a prolific writer. He is a scholar who has written numerous articles and books on music

neg: John Fiske (media scholar) John Fiske (media scholar) John Fiske (born 1939) is a media scholar who has taught around the world. He was a Professor of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His areas of interest include cultural studies, popular culture, media semiotics and television studies. He is the author of eight books, including "Power Plays, Power Works" (1993), "Understanding Popular Culture" (1989), "Reading the Popular" (1989), and the influential "Television Culture" (1987). Fiske also acts as a media critic, examining how cultural meaning is created in American society, and how debates over issues such as race are handled in different media.

neg: Volume! (2009), Gérôme Guibert (2010-2017) and Emmanuel Parent (2017-2022) took over. The journal publishes special issues on various topics in popular music studies, new musicology, ethnomusicology, sociology, geography, cultural history, cultural studies, aesthetics, etc. Recent topics include music videos (2018, n° 14-2), Jamaican Music (2017, n° 13-2), French punk scenes (2016, N° 13-1), The Beatles (2016, n° 12-2), French chanson and immigration (2015, n°12-1), "nostalgia" (2015, n°11-1), music and dance (2014, n°10-2), "listening" (2013, n°10-1), Black music (2011, n°8-1) gender and race issues in hip hop (2011, n°8-2), "metal studies", "countercultures" (2012, n°9-1 & 9-2), and cover versions (2010, n°7-1 &

neg: Robin Curtis (scholar) Robin Curtis (scholar) Robin Curtis is a Canadian film and media scholar and cultural critic who is based in Germany. She currently holds the Chair in Media and Cultural Studies at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, where she also chairs the department of Media and Cultural Studies (Medienkulturwissenschaft - which combines German with perspectives on humans, animals and things as well as culture, audiences, everyday life and aesthetic experience familiar from Cultural Studies and Film Studies). Her writings have appeared in both German and English. In recent years she has contributed in particular to the development of the theory of immersion as

neg: Music of Macau Music of Macau Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the China. It was formerly a colony of Portugal, which left a legacy of linguistic and other cultural elements. The music is called Macanese music, a mixture of Chinese and Portuguese music. This kind of hybrid music had its boom in early 20th century and the groups that used to perform it were called "Tunas". In Portugal, the "tuna" groups consisted of young men which would get together at universities and form estudiantina-like groups, but in Macau, this kind of musical group took a different orientation, blending it with Carnival

neg: Robin Curtis (scholar) Curtis, Micz Flor, Stephan Geene, Merle Kröger, Brigitta Kuster, Renate Lorenz, Philip Scheffner, Dierk Schmidt, Stefanie Sembill, Gerhard Wissner Inclusion of Nachlass in Maria Eichhorn's 23 Films/23 Posters Show Robin Curtis (scholar) Robin Curtis is a Canadian film and media scholar and cultural critic who is based in Germany. She currently holds the Chair in Media and Cultural Studies at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, where she also chairs the department of Media and Cultural Studies (Medienkulturwissenschaft - which combines German with perspectives on humans, animals and things as well as culture, audiences, everyday life and aesthetic experience familiar from Cultural Studies

neg: Jeffrey N. Cox Jeffrey N. Cox Jeffrey N. Cox (born June 3, 1954) is Vice Provost and Associate Vice Chancellor for Faculty Affairs at the University of Colorado at Boulder where he is also an Arts and Sciences Professor of Distinction in English Literature and Humanities. He is the author or editor of nine books and more than forty scholarly articles. Cox specializes in English and European Romanticism, cultural theory, and cultural studies. He is a leading scholar of late eighteenth- to early nineteenth-century drama and theater and of the Cockney School of poets, which included, among others, John Keats, Percy Shelley, and

neg: Cheikh Anta Diop Cheikh Anta Diop Cheikh Anta Diop (29 December 1923 – 7 February 1986) was a Senegalese historian, anthropologist, physicist, and politician who studied the human race's origins and pre-colonial African culture. Though Diop is sometimes referred to as an Afrocentrist, he predates the concept and thus was not himself an Afrocentric scholar. However, Diopian thought, as it is called, is paradigmatic to Afrocentricity. His work was greatly controversial and throughout his career, Diop argued that there was a shared cultural continuity across African peoples that was more important than the varied development of different ethnic groups shown by differences among

neg: Heathenry (new religious movement) The religious studies scholar Egil Asprem deemed Gardell's threefold typology "indispensable in order to make sense of the diverging positions within the broader discourse" of Heathenry. The religious studies scholar Stefanie von Schnurbein also adopted this tripartite division, although she referred to the groups as the "racial-religious", "a-racist", and "ethnicist" factions respectively. The scholar of religion Ethan Doyle White instead returned to the dual division between the "universalist" and "folkish" groups, arguing that the latter could be subdivided among the "ethnicist" and "racial-religious" factions, both of whom "deem Heathenry to be a religion geared for a particular racial or ethno-cultural

neg: Cultural contracts hair choices. Cultural contracts Cultural contracts refer to the degree that cultural values are exchanged between groups. It extends identity negotiation theory and uncertainty reduction theory by focusing defining the negotiation experience from the perspective of minority groups when dealing with majority cultural norms. Cultural contracts theory was developed in 1999 by Dr. Ronald L. Jackson, an identity scholar and a professor in media and cinema studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cultural contracts first appeared in Communication Quarterly in 1999. The theory is inspired by Ting-Toomey's (1986) identity validation model (IDM) that emerged from a study of

neg: Cultural contracts Cultural contracts Cultural contracts refer to the degree that cultural values are exchanged between groups. It extends identity negotiation theory and uncertainty reduction theory by focusing defining the negotiation experience from the perspective of minority groups when dealing with majority cultural norms. Cultural contracts theory was developed in 1999 by Dr. Ronald L. Jackson, an identity scholar and a professor in media and cinema studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cultural contracts first appeared in Communication Quarterly in 1999. The theory is inspired by Ting-Toomey's (1986) identity validation model (IDM) that emerged from a study of European American

neg: Ethnolinguistics and distributed cognition) and anthropology. Cultural linguistics examines how various features of human languages encode cultural conceptualisations, including cultural schemas, cultural categories, and cultural metaphors. In , language is viewed as deeply entrenched in the group-level, cultural cognition of communities of speakers. Thus far, the approach of Cultural Linguistics has been adopted in several areas of applied linguistic research, including intercultural communication, second language learning, Teaching English as an International Language, and World Englishes. Ethnolinguistics Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is a field of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and culture and how different ethnic groups perceive the

neg: Yami Bolo with many different reggae groups including Augustus Pablo's Rockers crew. His Rastafarian inspired music is listened to around the world, particularly in reggae niche markets like Japan, Australia, Britain, France, USA and Germany. As an ambassador for reggae, Yami Bolo conducted Rastafari cultural studies at world-renowned universities, like SUNY in New York State and MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In addition, Yami Bolo has supported the city of New Orleans and its surrounding areas by volunteering his musical talent at live performances in Louisiana in the Summer of 2009. In 2014 he was reportedly recording a new album, to be called

neg: Ethnolinguistics Ethnolinguistics Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is a field of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and culture and how different ethnic groups perceive the world. It is the combination between ethnology and linguistics. The former refers to the way of life of an entire community: all the characteristics that distinguish one community from the other. Such characteristics make the cultural aspects of a community or a society. Ethnolinguists study the way perception and conceptualization influences language and show how that is linked to different cultures and societies. An example is how spatial orientation is expressed in various cultures.

neg: Intercultural communication way messages are interpreted. With regard to intercultural communication proper, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds "interact". Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Intercultural communication plays a role in social sciences such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies. Intercultural communication is also referred to as the base for international businesses. Several cross-cultural service providers assist with the development of intercultural communication skills. Research is a major

neg: Meaghan Morris Meaghan Morris Meaghan Morris (born 5 October 1950) is an Australian scholar of cultural studies. She is currently a Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney. Born in Tenterfield, New South Wales, Morris was raised in Newcastle, New South Wales. Morris enrolled in a B.A. program in English and French at the University of Sydney. In Sydney, she met John Flaus, a film theorist and actor famous who would become a significant influence in the development of Australian cultural studies. She also became engaged in the work of British feminist scholar Juliet Mitchell and gave seminars

neg: Culture artifacts of culture. Similarly, the discipline widens the concept of "culture." "Culture" for a cultural-studies researcher not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. The last two, in fact, have become the main focus of cultural studies. A further and recent approach is comparative cultural studies, based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies. Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s

neg: New Age or "Weltanschauung"", although he believed that it could be considered a "more or less unified 'movement'." Other scholars have suggested that the New Age is too diverse to be a singular "movement". The scholar of religion George D. Chryssides called it "a counter-cultural "Zeitgeist"", while the sociologist of religion Steven Bruce suggested that New Age was a milieu; Heelas and scholar of religion Linda Woodhead called it the "holistic milieu". There is no central authority within the New Age phenomenon that can determine what counts as New Age and what does not. Many of those groups and individuals who could

neg: E N Ibrahim Moulavi Ibrahim's eldest brother EN Mohammed Moulavi is a well known hadeeth scholar of Kerala. Other brothers are also famous Islamic scholars. Ibrahim, after the basic studies from his father studied at different masjids and then at Vazhakkad Darul Uloom, Pattikkadu Jamia Nooriya and Farooq Roudhathul Uloom. He has taught in Vazhakkad Darussalam Madrasa, Shivapuram Islamiya College and Chennamangallur Islahiya College. He was the Khateeb of Masjidul Huda, Cheruvadi for years. E N Ibrahim Moulavi EN Ibrahim Moulavi (Malayalam:ഇ എന് ഇബ്രാഹിം മൌലവി ) is an Hafiz and Islamic scholar from Kerala. He has authored many books on Islam. He was the

neg: Vishakha N. Desai of Michigan. Dr. Desai is married to Robert Oxnam, a China scholar, who was Asia Society’s President from 1981-1992. Vishakha N. Desai Dr. Vishakha N. Desai is an Asia scholar with a focus on art, culture, policy, and women’s rights. She currently serves as Senior Advisor for Global Affairs to the President of Columbia University, Senior Research Scholar in Global Studies at its School of International and Public Affairs and Vice-Chair of the Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University. She is President Emerita of the Asia Society (2004 – 2012). In recognition of her leadership in the museum field,

neg: Cultural Institutions Studies perceptual habits play an important role. Since many cultural activities take place in an almost completely institutionalised setting, Cultural Institutions Studies are also concerned with financing structures, value-added chains, organisational change in the cultural sector, and with legal and cultural policy frameworks. Taking the approach of institutional and organisational theory, Cultural Institutions Studies also investigate processes occurring place within individual companies, as well as certain structural characteristics in cultural management. Aspects of occupational sociology connected with division of labour and integration of different types of activity are also relevant to understanding co-operation of different occupational groups in the cultural sector

neg: Cham Albanians primarily a cultural magazine and is no longer published in the US since 1982. The Cultural Organization "Bilal Xhaferri" republished the magazine in Tirana, and since 1994 it is self-described as a monthly "cultural Cham magazine". Cham Albanians' music has its own features, which makes it differ from that of other Albanian music. Cham Albanian folk music can be divided into three main categories: the iso-polyphonic, the polyphonic and the folk ballads. According to German scholar Doris Stockman, Cham music "may give an impact to further explain the inner Albanian relationships, among the vocal practices of the various folk groups

neg: Claudia Schmölders Claudia Schmölders Claudia Schmölders, also Claudia Henn-Schmölders (born 25 October 1944 in Heidelberg) is a cultural scholar, author, and translator. Schmölders completed a study of music, German studies, and philosophy at the Universities of Cologne, Zürich, Berlin and New York. She attained a Doctorate of Philosophy from the Free University of Berlin in 1973. From 1975 to 1999, she was a freelance publicist, literary editor, and editor for different publishing firms in addition to teaching at the Universities of Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, and Berlin. She was named a Fellow at the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris

neg: David W. Johnson (scholar) effective cooperation were more clearly delineated. More recently, in 2003, Johnson published a review of Social Interdependence Theory in the "American Psychologist", and in 2005 he and his brother published an update of the theory in "Psychological Monographs" Over the past 40 years, in collaboration with his brother and colleagues, Johnson has published over 100 research studies on the impact of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts on a wide variety of outcomes, including achievement and productivity, higher-level reasoning, motivation, perspective-taking, social development, social skills, interpersonal attraction (among relatively homogeneous individuals, individuals from different ethnic and cultural groups, and handicapped and

neg: Burma studies this academic focus as "Burma studies" reflecting the contested status of the name "Myanmar" outside of the country. Burma studies Burma Studies is a grouping used in research universities around the world as a way of bringing together specialists from different disciplines such as history, cultural anthropology, archeology, religious studies, art history, political science, and musicology, who are doing research in these areas focused on the geographical area of what is today the country of Burma or Myanmar, often using the Burmese language, or a language of one of its ethnic groups such as the Shan, Mon, Karen, Chin, or

neg: Burma studies Burma studies Burma Studies is a grouping used in research universities around the world as a way of bringing together specialists from different disciplines such as history, cultural anthropology, archeology, religious studies, art history, political science, and musicology, who are doing research in these areas focused on the geographical area of what is today the country of Burma or Myanmar, often using the Burmese language, or a language of one of its ethnic groups such as the Shan, Mon, Karen, Chin, or Kachin. The "Journal of the Burma Research Society" (JBRS) was the first academic journal devoted to Burma Studies.

neg: Posthumanism view predates most currents of posthumanism which have developed over the late 20th century in somewhat diverse, but complementary, domains of thought and practice. For example, Hassan is a known scholar whose theoretical writings expressly address postmodernity in society. Beyond postmodernist studies, posthumanism has been developed and deployed by various cultural theorists, often in reaction to problematic inherent assumptions within humanistic and enlightenment thought. Theorists who both complement and contrast Hassan include Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, cyberneticists such as Gregory Bateson, Warren McCullouch, Norbert Wiener, Bruno Latour, Cary Wolfe, Elaine Graham, N. Katherine Hayles, Benjamin H. Bratton, Donna Haraway, Peter

neg: Kariamu Welsh Kariamu Welsh Kariamu Welsh is a contemporary dance choreographer and scholar whose awards include a National Endowment for the Arts and a Guggenheim Fellowship. She is a professor at Temple University's Boyer School of Music and Dance. She is the mother of author, filmmaker, and hip-hop artist M. K. Asante. Welsh received her Doctorate of Arts in Dance History from New York University and her MA.H. from the State University of New York at Buffalo. Widely published in both scholarly journals and book length studies, she is a scholar of cultural studies including performance and culture within Africa and the

neg: Folklore studies come up. It is in the study of their folklife that we begin to understand the cultural patterns underlying the different ethnic groups. Language and customs provide a window into their view of reality. "The study of varying worldviews among ethnic and national groups in America remains one of the most important unfinished tasks for folklorists and anthropologists." Contrary to a widespread concern, we are not seeing a loss of diversity and increasing cultural homogenization across the land. In fact, critics of this theory point out that as different cultures mix, the cultural landscape becomes multifaceted with the intermingling of

neg: Aseem Prakash Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Environmental Change and Society and International Research Fellow at the Center for Corporate Reputation, University of Oxford. He was elected to the position of the Vice President of the International Studies Association for the period, 2015-2016. He is the recipient of International Studies Association's 2018 James N. Rosenau Award for "scholar who has made the most important contributions to globalization studies" and the European Consortium for Political Research Standing Group on Regulatory Governance's 2018 Regulatory Studies Development Award that recognizes a senior scholar who has made notable "contributions to the field of regulatory governance." He

neg: Encoding/decoding model of communication Encoding/decoding model of communication The Encoding/decoding model of communication was first developed by cultural studies scholar Stuart Hall in 1973. Titled 'Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse', Hall's essay offers a theoretical approach of how media messages are produced, disseminated, and interpreted. As an important member of the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies, Hall had a major influence on media studies. His model claims that television and other media audiences are presented with messages that are decoded, or interpreted in different ways depending on an individual's cultural background, economic standing, and personal experiences. In contrast to other media theories

neg: Margaret Morganroth Gullette Margaret Morganroth Gullette Margaret Morganroth Gullette (born 1941), a Resident Scholar at the Women's Studies Research Center at Brandeis University, is a cultural critic who calls herself an age critic and theorist. She is a prize-winning writer of nonfiction, an essayist, feminist, and activist. Her contributions to the field of cultural studies of age include four books, the latest of which is "Agewise: Fighting the New Ageism in America" (2011). Other books of Gullette's that have been influential (in humanistic and cultural gerontology, history, literary and cultural criticism, sociology and anthropology, performance and film studies, life writing and narrative theory,

neg: Cheng Yu (musician) Cheng Yu (musician) Cheng Yu is a Chinese musician. She is internationally renowned as a performer of the pipa, a Chinese four-stringed lute, but also plays the guqin, a seven-stringed zither, and is a virtuoso, scholar and specialist of Chinese music. She gained a BMus in China and an MMus in the United Kingdom. She completed her PhD studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London on Ancient Xi'an Music and regularly performs throughout the UK. She plays, records and researches widely on traditional and contemporary Chinese music as well as cross-cultural music collaborations in the

neg: Engineering studies the society, their engagement. Engineering studies investigates how social, political, economical, cultural and historical dynamics affect technological research, design, engineering and innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, economics, politics and culture. Engineering studies's mission is to further develop many different aspects of studies of engineers and engineering, it investigates in areas such as: history, culture, polity and etc. These studies will have influence on world's engineering level and productivity.Which it provides information and scholar resources for researchers who's interested in studies of engineers and engineering. Also, engineering studies provides a platform for engineering studies research to be reviewed

neg: Henry Krips (scholar) of the Austrian-Australian conductor and composer, Henry Krips, and a nephew of the conductor and violinist, Josef Krips. Henry Krips (scholar) Henry Paul Krips is an Australian academic who is the Andrew W. Mellon All-Claremont Chair of Humanities and Professor of Cultural Studies at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California. He specializes in Contemporary European Cultural Theory, Psychoanalysis, and Science Studies. Krips received a B.Sc. Honors degree from the University of Adelaide in 1965 and a Ph.D. in Mathematical Physics in 1970. His dissertation was on "Measurement Theory." Krips' publications include "Fetish: An Erotics of Culture" (Cornell University Press, 1999),

neg: Jon McKenzie the world court (international court of justice), annual conferences on global warming and the AIDS crisis, and the formation of Performance Studies International, co-founded by noted American feminist scholar Peggy Phelan. A unifying theme throughout all of McKenzie's work is researching what performance might mean in an attempt to build a clear and unique single definition that sums up various paradigms in performance studies globally. It is understood that his goal by publishing materials is to create an understanding of different theorists and researchers around the world and their different understanding of terms and approach to cultural performance and help

neg: Kepahiang Regency the common cultural background and, at the same time, set an example of peaceful coexistence with groups of different cultural heritage. There are several religious groups in Kepahiang. 88% of the population are Muslims. Further religions present in Kepahiang are Hinduism (7%), Catholicism (5%) and Buddhism (4%). Music concerts take place regularly in Kepahiang whereas groups of nationwide popularity perform there along with local groups. The annual birthday of the Regency of Kepahiang is celebrated and often a cause for music groups and artists come to Kepahiang. There is a range of traditional, folkly songs such as the Gritan-, Mambak-,

neg: Henry Krips (scholar) Henry Krips (scholar) Henry Paul Krips is an Australian academic who is the Andrew W. Mellon All-Claremont Chair of Humanities and Professor of Cultural Studies at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California. He specializes in Contemporary European Cultural Theory, Psychoanalysis, and Science Studies. Krips received a B.Sc. Honors degree from the University of Adelaide in 1965 and a Ph.D. in Mathematical Physics in 1970. His dissertation was on "Measurement Theory." Krips' publications include "Fetish: An Erotics of Culture" (Cornell University Press, 1999), "Der Andere Schauplatz: Psychoanalyse, Kultur, Medien" (Turia Kant, Vienna, 2001), "Science, Reason and Rhetoric" (University of Pittsburgh Press,

neg: Nature religion Department of Religious Studies, a postgraduate named Joanne Pearson and two professors, Richard H. Roberts and Geoffrey Samuel. In his study of Wicca, the Pagan studies scholar Ethan Doyle White expressed the view that the category of "nature religion" was problematic from a "historical perspective" because it solely emphasises the "commonalities of belief and attitude to the natural world" that are found between different religions and in doing so divorces these different belief systems from their distinctive socio-cultural and historical backgrounds. Nature religion A nature religion is a religious movement that believes nature and the natural world is an embodiment

neg: Ethnomusicology dynamics within musical collaboration can contribute to cultural exploitation. When talking about ethics in ethnomusicology it is imperative that I remain specific about who it applies to. An ethnomusicologist must consider ethics if he comes from a culture that is different from the culture that he wants to conduct his research on. However, an ethnomusicologist that conducts research on a culture that is how own does not have to weigh ethics. For example, music scholar, Kofi Agawu writes about African music and all of its significant aspects. He mentions the dynamics of music among the generations, the significance of the

neg: Meaghan Morris Hong Kong University Press. Morris, Meaghan and John Frow, (1993). "Australian cultural studies: a reader". St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin. Meaghan Morris Meaghan Morris (born 5 October 1950) is an Australian scholar of cultural studies. She is currently a Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney. Born in Tenterfield, New South Wales, Morris was raised in Newcastle, New South Wales. Morris enrolled in a B.A. program in English and French at the University of Sydney. In Sydney, she met John Flaus, a film theorist and actor famous who would become a significant influence in the

neg: Tavia Nyong'o Skin’ Queer Assemblages, Lyrical Nostalgia and the African Diaspora. In his essay, Nyong'o explores the meaning of the word "diaspora". He is especially interested in the translocal community-building potential, of music, but worries that the very mobilizing and empowering aspects of diasporic music--a channel of community belonging--also divides and destroys communities. He writes, “The close affiliation of popular music with seduction, romance and sex speaks to the anxiety with which queerness is policed within it”. Tavia Nyong'o Tavia Nyong'o is an American cultural critic, historian and performance studies scholar. He is currently a Professor of American Studies at Yale University

neg: Ethnomusicology popular music culture. The culmination of identity groups (teenagers in particular) across the country represents a significant force that can shape the music industry based on what is being consumed. Ethnomusicologists often apply theories and methods from cultural anthropology, cultural studies and sociology as well as other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. Though some ethnomusicologists primarily conduct historical studies, the majority are involved in long-term participant observation. Therefore, ethnomusicological work can be characterized as featuring a substantial, intensive ethnographic component. Two approaches to ethnomusicological studies are common: the "anthropological" and the "musicological". Ethnomusicologists using the anthropological approach generally

neg: Mbalax Mbalax Mbalax (or Mbalakh) is the national popular dance music of Senegal and the Gambia. Mbalax is a fusion of popular music from the diaspora, the West, and afropop such as jazz, soul, Latin, Congolese rumba, and rock blended with "sabar", the traditional drumming and dance music of the Wolof of Senegal. The genre's name derived from accompanying rhythms used in "sabar" called "mbalax". The traditional form of "mbalax" originated from the "sabar", a Wolof genre that historically fused musical and cultural practices from different ethnic groups such as the "Njuup," a religious "Serer" music. The popular dance form of

neg: Pintupi neighbouring groups, such as the Warlpiri, the Pintupi have a complex kinship system, with eight different kin groups, made more so by distinct prefixes for male and female skin names; "Tj" for males, "N" for females: Pintupi The Pintupi are an Australian Aboriginal group who are part of the Western Desert cultural group and whose homeland is in the area west of Lake MacDonald and Lake Mackay in Western Australia. These people moved (or were moved) into the Aboriginal communities of Papunya and Haasts Bluff in the west of the Northern Territory in the 1940s–1980s. The last Pintupi to leave

neg: Richard N. Frye Richard N. Frye Richard Nelson Frye (January 10, 1920 – March 27, 2014) was an American scholar of Iranian and Central Asian Studies, and Aga Khan Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, to a family of immigrants from Sweden, "Freij" had four children, his second marriage being to an Iranian-Assyrian scholar, Eden Naby, from Urmia, Iran who teaches at Columbia University. He spoke fluent Russian, German, Arabic, Persian, Pashto, French, Uzbek, and Turkish, and had

neg: The Scholar Gipsy The Scholar Gipsy "The Scholar Gipsy" (1853) is a poem by Matthew Arnold, based on a 17th-century Oxford story found in Joseph Glanvill's "The Vanity of Dogmatizing" (1661, etc.). It has often been called one of the best and most popular of Arnold's poems, and is also familiar to music-lovers through Ralph Vaughan Williams' choral work "An Oxford Elegy", which sets lines from this poem and from its companion-piece, "Thyrsis". Arnold prefaces the poem with an extract from Glanvill which tells the story of an impoverished Oxford student who left his studies to join a band of gipsies, and so

neg: Chennai Express Mathur of "DNA" gave the album 3.5/5 and said that "Chennai Express" is "another winner from Vishal-Shekhar" that "boasts of a soothing bouquet of typical Bollywood numbers and some peppy tracks with exceptional mixing." She wrote that it "is likely to appeal to music lovers of all age-groups and sentiments" and called it "[a]n entertaining all-rounder, the composers must be applauded for fusing different music and beats to pep up the otherwise usual Bollywood music." Joginder Tuteja of Rediff.com gave the album 3/5 and wrote that the title song, "Chennai Express", is "just about average". He expressed his displeasure over

neg: Filipino Cultural Association student groups started in colleges/universities on the West Coast United States, and elsewhere. Originally called "Samahang Pilipino," the organization adopted the name "Filipino Cultural Association (FCA)" in 1981. It then reached its arms out to welcome friends of other nationalities interested in discovering the beauty and excitement of the Filipino culture and history. The Filipino American Studies Program (FAST) began as a direct result of a request from the newly appointed Director of Asian American Studies, Larry Hajime Shinagawa. During the Fall of 2006, he asked Jonathan Sterlin and the executive board of the Filipino Cultural Association, who played a

neg: George Chigas George Chigas George Chigas is an American writer and scholar. He is currently a professor in the cultural studies department at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Chigas graduated with a B.A. in Classical Studies from Tufts University in 1980. Subsequently he obtained an M.A. in Asian Studies from Cornell University in 1997 and a PhD in Southeast Asian Languages and Cultures from the University of London SOAS in 2002. Following his B.A., in the late 1980s, Chigas worked at Lowell's International Institute and subsequently with a refugee processing center in the Philippines and in different refugee camps along the Thai/Cambodian

neg: Cultural identity theory not necessarily within recognizable groups (Boski et al., 2004). In addition, Boski et al. point out that most books and studies have ignored cultural identity as a theoretical construct in the field of cross-cultural psychology. Instead, books and journals report works on the theme of social identity. Social identity is described as a sense of “We-ness,” or attachment to a group that one is a member of, and by comparison to others. The sense of “We-ness” remains culturally empty, however. Even with natural groups, it is portrayed in trait-attributes, “which is not different from those used to characterize individuals” (Boski

neg: Ethnic minorities in China groups of people. Various groups of the Miao minority, for example, speak different dialects of the Hmong–Mien languages, Tai–Kadai languages, and Chinese, and practice a variety of different cultural customs. Whereas in many nations a citizen's minority status is defined by their self-identification as an ethnic minority, in China minority nationality ("shaosu minzu") is fixed at birth, a practice that can be traced to the foundation of the PRC, when the Communist Party commissioned studies to categorize and delineate groups based on research teams' investigation of minorities' social history, economic life, language and religion in China's different regions. The degree

neg: Luisa Igloria member of PINTIG, a Filipino-American cultural and theatre group; she was a member of PINTIG's cultural and education committee. She was a Visiting Humanities Scholar in 1996 at the Center for Philippine Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She also taught briefly at De La Salle University where she became the Graduate Programs Coordinator and Senior Associate for Poetry at the Bienvenido N. Santos Creative Writing Center at De La Salle University. She has appeared in numerous anthologies and journals including the very first electronic anthology of Women's Poetry "Fire On Her Tongue" (Two Sylvias Press, 2011), "Language

neg: Alejandro L. Madrid Alejandro L. Madrid Alejandro Luis Madrid-González (born August 25, 1968) is a music scholar, cultural theorist, and professor, whose research focuses on Latina/o and Latin American musics and sound practices. He is professor of musicology and ethnomusicology at Cornell University. Madrid received a B.M. in guitar performance from The Boston Conservatory, an M.F.A. in music performance from SUNY Purchase, an M.M. in musicology from University of North Texas, and a Ph.D. in musicology with a minor in comparative cultural studies from the Ohio State University. Madrid is a recipient of the Dent Medal given by the Royal Musical Association and

neg: N,N-Dimethyldopamine A more recent method starts with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, which is converted to its acid chloride with thionyl chloride; this is reacted with dimethylamine to give the dimethylamide, which is then reduced using diborane to N,N-dimethyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine; the methoxy- groups are finally cleaved with hydriodic acid to give DMDA. The shortest method is that of Borgman et al., who converted 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine into "N","N"-dimethyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine by catalytic reduction (H/Pd) in the presence of formaldehyde; the methoxy-groups were then cleaved with hydrobromic acid. One of the earliest pharmacological studies of DMDA was that of Daly and his co-workers, who studied the ability of

neg: Music community The concept of music communities is well-developed in ethnomusicology. A large part of this discipline consists of studies of groups of people who frequently exchange and communicate musical material. Barry Shank, writing in 1994 of Rock and roll in Austin, Texas, used the word "subculture" to define the shifting meanings and membership of musical communities, or cultural spaces. Will Straw built on this work, replacing the term "subculture" by "scene". Straw saw a "scene" as relatively transient, while a music community is more stable. He wrote in 1991 that a music community engages in "an ongoing exploration of one or

neg: Charles van der Leeuw Charles van der Leeuw Charles van der Leeuw was born in The Hague, The Netherlands, in 1952. Parallel to eight years studies in languages, literature and music, he founded several music and musical theatre groups, starting with a “classic-rock” group called Lincoln, and later with an experimental ensemble called De Rode Kapel. Charles van der Leeuw started working as an independent reporter on cultural issues in a wide variety of publications back in 1977. Ten years later, he settled down in war-torn Beirut as an international war correspondent, following a first experience in Iraq in 1985, which resulted in his

neg: Charles van der Leeuw Charles van der Leeuw Charles van der Leeuw was born in The Hague, The Netherlands, in 1952. Parallel to eight years studies in languages, literature and music, he founded several music and musical theatre groups, starting with a “classic-rock” group called Lincoln, and later with an experimental ensemble called De Rode Kapel. Charles van der Leeuw started working as an independent reporter on cultural issues in a wide variety of publications back in 1977. Ten years later, he settled down in war-torn Beirut as an international war correspondent, following a first experience in Iraq in 1985, which resulted in his

neg: D. N. Premnath India comprising dual linguistic groups, the Telugu language and Tamil language hailing from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. After a year of ministry assisting Pastors in the Diocese of Madras, Premnath was then sent to the Protestant Regional Theologiate in Bangalore in 1973, then under the Principalship of Joshua Russell Chandran, where he enrolled for graduate studies in spirituality leading to Bachelor of Divinity with notable faculty comprising the religious scholar, The Rev. G. D. Melanchton, AELC, the Practical Ministry Scholar, Bobbili Prabhudass, the New Testament scholars The Rev. K. James Carl, South Andhra Lutheran Church (SALC) and D. S.

neg: Identity formation others as a distinct ethnic group is often a contributing factor to developing this bond of identification. Ethnic groups are also often united by common cultural, behavioral, linguistic, ritualistic, or religious traits. Processes that result in the emergence of such identification are summarised as ethnogenesis. Various cultural studies and social theory investigate the question of cultural and ethnic identities. Cultural identity remarks upon: place, gender, race, history, nationality, sexual orientation, religious beliefs and ethnicity. National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and

neg: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki work of art "The World of Cyprus" by Diamandis. The Foundation's mission is to support all art related studies and research and help the public familiarize itself with art and culture. This is achieved through the organization of numerous conferences, seminars and exhibitions of the museum's artworks. There is a variety of student cultural groups that deal with Drama, Fine Arts, Music, Cinema, Chess, Debate, Comics etc. The cultural groups frequently organize events in which the work of the participants is presented to the public. These events can be theatrical plays, music concerts, debates, chess competitions, art exhibitions and many

neg: Akin Euba holds a Ph.D. in ethnomusicology from the University of Ghana, Legon (1974). While at Legon, Euba's doctoral work was supervised by Professor Nketia, and his dissertation is entitled "Dundun Music of the Yoruba". He was professor and director of the Centre for Cultural Studies at the University of Lagos, and has also served as a senior research fellow at the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University) in Nigeria. He served as head of music at the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation for five years. He was a research scholar and artist in residence at IWALEWA House, the African studies center of

neg: HotHouse (jazz club) HotHouse (jazz club) The HotHouse is a celebrated cultural center last located in the South Loop, Chicago, United States, and known for its program of innovative jazz and world music concerts and as a central meeting place for a variety of community groups. The club on Balbo Avenue closed in July 2007 and the current board organizes programming around the region while building a new permanent site for operations. The Center for International Performance and Exhibition (colloquially called HotHouse), was founded by Marguerite Horberg in 1987 at 1565 N. Milwaukee Ave, Chicago. In 1995, following the gentrification of the locality,

neg: T. N. Ramachandran T. N. Ramachandran T.N. Ramachandran (1901–1973) was an Indian art historian, artist, archaeologist and a Sanskrit scholar, specialising in the study and exposition of various aspects of Indian art. He was born to Narayanan (who performed yaga and is a Sanskrit scholar) & Visalakshi (an able administrator). He was the author of several monographs, and was the Director General of Archaeology In India. He conducted research and wrote extensively on various subjects during his tenure as Curator of Archaeology at the National Museum, New Delhi. Sporadic research by Ramachandran on certain groups of antiquities at the National Museum revealed the

neg: Barbara O'Connor (media studies scholar) and author on sociological and anthropological aspects of communication and culture...co-author of the seminal academic work on social and cultural aspects of tourism in Ireland." She has also published over 25 conference papers. Barbara O'Connor (media studies scholar) Barbara O'Connor is an author and Senior Lecturer in the School of Communications at Dublin City University. Her field is media studies and cultural studies, specializing on the representation of women in television, and of the development of tourism in Ireland. She gave an invited Bicentennial Guest Lecture at Maynooth College, Kildare, on "Television soap opera: Genre and Gender". She is a

neg: Chicago school (sociology) nevertheless respect and admire the criminal who takes risks and successfully engages in exciting, dangerous activities. The depiction of a society as a collection of socially differentiated groups with distinct subcultural perspectives that lead some of these groups into conflict with the law is another form of cultural disorganization, is typically called cultural conflict. Modern versions of the theory sometimes use different terminology to refer to the same ecological causal processes. For example, Crutchfield, Geerken and Gove (1982: 467-482) hypothesize that the social integration of communities is inhibited by population turnover and report supporting evidence in the explanation of variation

neg: Co-cultural communication theory co-cultural theory. Orbe states, "co-cultural theory seeks to uncover the commonalities among co-cultural group members as they function in dominant society while substantiating the vast diversity of experiences between and among groups." Since the introduction of co-cultural theory in "Laying the foundation for co-cultural communication theory: An inductive approach to studying "non-dominant" communication strategies and the factors that influence them" (1996), Orbe has published two works describing the theory and its use as well as several studies on communication patterns and strategies based on different co-cultural groups. In Orbe's "A Co-cultural communication approach to intergroup relations" (1997), he provides an

neg: Allocentrism people are rewarded by the social context for being group orientated, when cultural norms encourage conformity which leads to success, when goals are easier achieved through group action, and when there are not many options for acting independently. When researchers measure collectivism, they tend to use large scale studies that look at the cultural level. They add up many people’s responses within different cultures with the unit of analysis the whole culture; the N of these studies is the number of cultures. This can be confusing when trying to measure collectivism on an individual level, which is why the term

neg: Religious perspectives on tattooing tattoos removed. Turkish professor of religious studies Remzi Kuscular states that tattoos are sinful but that they do not violate a Muslim's "wuḍūʾ". Canadian Islamic scholar Sheikh Ahmad Kutty states that tattooing prohibitions exist in Islam to protect Muslims from HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and other diseases that can be transferred to people through tattoos.. There is no direct mention of ""al-washm"" or "tattooing" in the Qur'an. Göran Larsson, a Swedish professor in religious studies, states that there are "both historical and contemporary examples indicating that, at different times and in different places, [tattooing] was practiced by certain Islamic groups." Al-Tabari mentions

neg: Origin of the Kurds According to some sources, by the 16th century, there seems to develop an ethnic identity designated by the term "Kurd" among various Northwestern Iranian groups, without reference to any specific Iranian language. Kurdish scholar Mehrdad Izady argues that any nomadic groups called "kurd" in medieval Arabic are "bona fide ethnic Kurds", and that it is conversely the non-Kurdish groups descended from them who have "acquired separate ethnic identities since the end of the medieval period". Sherefxan Bidlisi in the 16th century states that there are four division of "Kurds": "Kurmanj", "Lur", "Kalhor" and "Guran", each of which speak a different

neg: History of the Kurds 16th century, there seems to develop an ethnic identity designated by the term "Kurd" among various Northwestern Iranian groups, without reference to any specific Iranian language. Kurdish scholar Mehrdad Izady argues that any nomadic groups called "kurd" in medieval Arabic are "bona fide ethnic Kurds", and that it is conversely the non-Kurdish groups descended from them who have "acquired separate ethnic identities since the end of the medieval period". Sherefxan Bidlisi in the 16th century states that there are four division of "Kurds": "Kurmanj", "Lur", "Kalhor" and "Guran", each of which speak a different dialect or language variation. Paul (2008)

neg: Katherine McKittrick Katherine McKittrick Katherine McKittrick is a professor in Gender Studies at Queen’s University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which social justice emerges in black creative texts (music, fiction, poetry, visual art). While many scholars have researched the areas of North American, European, Caribbean, and African black geographies, McKittrick was the first scholar to put forth the interdisciplinary possibilities of black and black feminist geography, with an emphasis on embodied, creative and intellectual spaces engendered in the diaspora. McKittrick has a

neg: Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory 1981). In "The Employment of English: Theory, Jobs, and the Future of Literary Studies", literary scholar Michael Berube writes that "[b]y formally bringing together, through zero-time appointments, faculty members from disciplines engaged in some degree by theorized recursivity," the Unit for Criticism "has helped produce dialogue spoken in a kind of esperanto based in shared hermeneutic practices," performing an important interdisciplinary function within the university. Although some criticized the books for being excessively theoretical and for what Terry Eagleton, in a review of "Cultural Studies", called the “anything-goes-ism” of cultural studies, they provoked discussion about the nature of interdisciplinary work

neg: Realistic conflict theory different ethnic and racial groups. An example of this is shown in cross-cultural studies that determined that violence between different groups escalates in relationship to shortages in resources. When a group have a notion that resources are limited and only available for possession by one group, this leads to attempts to remove the source of competition. Groups can attempt to remove their competition by increasing their groups capabilities (e.g. skill training), decreasing the abilities of the outgroups competition (e.g. expressing negative attitudes or applying punitive tariffs), or by decreasing proximity to the outgroup (e.g. denying immigrant access). Realistic conflict theory

neg: Karen Tongson to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Studies", as well as the French magazine, "les Incrockuptibles." She curated a Glee theme-week for In Media Res in April 2010, and is a co-host of the weekly podcast "Pop Rocket". Karen Tongson Karen Tongson (born August 23, 1973 in Manila, Philippines) is a Filipino-American cultural critic, writer and queer studies scholar. She is the author of "Relocations: Queer Suburban Imaginaries" (NYU Press, August 2011), co-editor of the book series "Postmillennial Pop" (with Henry Jenkins), and co-editor-in-chief of the "Journal of Popular Music Studies" (with Gustavus Stadler). She is also the events editor

neg: Staniel Cay with ancient customs. Due to the level of tourism many festivals are oriented towards entertaining visitors and travellers to the island. Bahamian music ranges in style and includes genres such as Caribbean Reggae and Rake ’n’ Scrape. Other traditional cultural activities include storytelling. One cultural festival on the island is Junkanoo. It is a festival celebrated on Boxing Day, New Year's Day and other holidays. It is a festival of music, art and dance. There is no common religion in Staniel Cay. About 32% of the population of the Bahamas are Christian and Baptist. 20% belong to Anglican groups and

neg: Shigemi Inaga Studies and was promoted to full professor in 2004. In 2006 to 2007 he was appointed visiting scholar at the John W. Kluge Center in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.. Between 2013 to 2015, Inaga was appointed to Dean of the School of Cultural and Social Studies at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Japan). Between 2016 and 2018 Inaga was the Deputy Director-General, International Research Center for Japanese Studies. Shigemi Inaga Shigemi Inaga (稲賀 繁美 1957 in Hiroshima) is a Japanese scholar, in comparative literature, culture, history of cultural exchange. Inaga studied for a Master of Arts in

neg: Equity (economics) Vertical equity means treating differently those who are different in relevant respects (such as having different 'need'), (Culyer, 1995). Health studies of equity whether particular social groups receive systematically different levels of care than do other groups. There are many ways to identify preventable or unjust disparities, including the study of health outcomes using quintile analysis or concentration indexes. Equitability in fair division means every person’s subjective valuation of their own share of some goods is the same. The surplus procedure (SP) achieves a more complex variant called proportional equitability. For more than two people, a division cannot always both

neg: Henry Luce Scholar Henry Luce Scholar Luce Scholar is a recipient of a cultural exchange and vocational fellowship sponsored by the Henry Luce Foundation, a private foundation established by Time, Inc. founder Henry R. Luce. Founded in 1974, The Luce Scholars Program provides stipends and professional placements for eighteen young Americans to live and work in Asia each year. The program's purpose is to increase awareness of Asia among future leaders in American society. Those who already have significant experience in Asia or Asian studies are not eligible for the Luce Scholars Program. Candidates must be American citizens who have received at least

neg: Juan Flores (professor) Juan Flores (professor) Juan Flores (born John Martin Flores; September 29, 1943 – December 2, 2014) was a Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis and director of Latino Studies at New York University. He was considered a leading pioneer, scholar, and expert in Latin American and Nuyorican culture. Flores received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Queens College in New York, and both his Masters and Ph.D from Yale University in German Literature. Flores' major areas of interest include social and cultural theory, Latino and Puerto Rican studies, popular music, theory of diaspora and transnational communities and Afro-Latino culture. Flores'

neg: Moya Bailey Instagram images as well as how Black women are talked about in music. Bailey also does work on representations of race, gender, and sexuality in the media and medicine. Moya Bailey Moya Bailey is an African American feminist scholar, writer, and activist, notable for creating the term misogynoir, which describes the specific type of discrimination experienced by black women. She works with the Octavia E. Butler Legacy Network and is the co-founder of Quirky Black Girls, a collective for black women who do not fit the cultural stereotype. Bailey attended Spelman College for her undergraduate degree. She pursued graduate studies

neg: David Lorenzen David Lorenzen David N. Lorenzen is a scholar of religious studies, author, and professor of South Asian History at the Centre for Asian and African studies, El Colegio de México. He is chiefly notable for publishing several essays and books on ancient, medieval, and modern periods in South Asian history and religion, especially on Hinduism and Missionaries in India, namely, "Who invented Hinduism?", "Bhakti Religion in North India", "The Scourge Of The Mission: Marco della Tomba in Hindustan", and many more. David N. Lorenzen received his doctorate in the History of Indian Religions from the Australian National University in 1968

neg: David Lorenzen colonial India. Lorenzen has edited and reviewed essays published on notable journals and books. David Lorenzen David N. Lorenzen is a scholar of religious studies, author, and professor of South Asian History at the Centre for Asian and African studies, El Colegio de México. He is chiefly notable for publishing several essays and books on ancient, medieval, and modern periods in South Asian history and religion, especially on Hinduism and Missionaries in India, namely, "Who invented Hinduism?", "Bhakti Religion in North India", "The Scourge Of The Mission: Marco della Tomba in Hindustan", and many more. David N. Lorenzen received his

neg: Intercultural communication other semiotic activity to create and use new models of conduct and how this varies from the cultural norm should be incorporated into the study of language socialization. Intercultural communication Intercultural communication (or cross-cultural communication) is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication. It describes the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and

neg: Culture of Assam Culture of Assam The culture of Assam () is traditionally a hybrid one, developed due to cultural assimilation of different ethno-cultural groups under various political-economic systems in different periods of history. The roots of Assamese culture go back almost two thousand years when the first cultural assimilation took place between Austro-asiatic and Tibeto-Burman groups. There were three waves of cultural assimilation in Assam. First, it was the Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups which had arrived from Tibet, Yunnan and Sinchuan provinces of China who mixed with the scarcely present aboriginal Austric people like the Khasi and Jaintia. Then there was a wave

neg: Liu Xiaofeng (academic) Liu Xiaofeng (academic) Liu Xiaofeng (, b. 1956) is a contemporary Chinese scholar and a professor at Renmin University of China. He has been considered the prototypical example of what is called a cultural Christian (), meaning a believer who may lack a specific church identification or affiliation, and was, along with He Guanghu, one of the main forerunners of the academic field of Sino-Christian Theology (). However, in recent years, his interest has shifted from studies in Christian theology to the political theories of Leo Strauss. Liu Xiaofeng was born in Chongqing, China, in April 1956. He completed his

neg: Music of South Korea music was not accessible to the common people, two different cultural groups arose; one where the elite listened to the government-imposed western music and as for the commoners, traditional music. This led to a new generation, often termed as 'modernized', who were accustomed to listening to Western music. Western influenced Korean music is also sometimes referred to as popular music and is seen in the early twentieth century. The western influence in South Korean music gave rise to new genres; some of which are Ch’angga, Kagok, and Yuhaengga. Ch’angga arose from Pansori but became increasingly popular in the early twentieth

neg: Toni Blackman social media scholar Kyra Gaunt in the "Journal of Popular Music Studies" (2015). Toni Blackman Toni Blackman is an American rapper (specializing in freestyle hip-hop), actress, and writer who was the first hip-hop ambassador to the U.S. State Department. Additionally, she was selected as a 2006 touring artist and subsequently served as on the selection committee for "" (formerly Jazz at Lincoln Center's "Rhythm Road") with American Voices. The first Hip Hop Cultural Envoy to travel with the State Department, Blackman served in Senegal, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Botswana and Swaziland where she also delivered lectures

neg: Peer group become important social referents for teaching other members customs, social norms, and different ideologies. Peer groups can also serve as a venue for teaching members gender roles. Through gender-role socialization, group members learn about sex differences, and social and cultural expectations. While boys and girls differ greatly, there is not a one-to-one link between sex and gender roles with males always being masculine and females always being feminine. Both genders can contain different levels of masculinity and femininity. Peer groups can consist of all males, all females, or both males and females. Studies show that the majority of peer groups

neg: Nate Greenslit Harvard. He was also a visiting scholar in MIT's Initiative on Technology and Self. He has since held faculty positions in the History of Science Department at Harvard University the Liberal Studies Program at the Boston Architectural College, and Liberal Arts at the Boston Conservatory of Music. Greenslit is currently also a visiting scholar in the Anthropology Department at New York University. In addition to publishing in academic journals, Greenslit has published in more mainstream venues including The Atlantic Monthly, Wired, and The Baltimore Sun. His published writing has focused on neuroscience and society, and the political and cultural history

neg: Jonathan Greatorex Jonathan Greatorex Jonathan Greatorex (born 1970) is an English music educator who became nationally known for his involvement in the so-called "Salters Hill Scandal" in Lambeth and has subsequently gone on to become one of the UK's leading consumer rights activists. He began his professional musical career at the age of 10 as a Choral Scholar at Llandaff Cathedral. From there he went on to Christ College before completing his studies at the London College of Music under the tutelage of John McCabe, Michael Goldthorpe and the late Pamela Bowden. He is an Early Years, Primary and Junior Music Specialist.

neg: Cuban National Ballet management. Through the BNC's International Dance Program, knowledge is manifested through special Cuban BNC techniques, idiosyncrasies, aesthetics and characteristics of Latin American culture. The Cuban dance form is an expression of the Ibero-America, Caribbean roots,and classical styles that are sustained or enhanced by common or similar ethnic and cultural antecedents. The International Dance program of the National Ballet of Cuba offers studies that cover different disciplines applicable to individuals or particular groups these often include: Ballet, En pointe, Variations, Classic Duet, Modern Dance, Outlook of the history of the dance, music appreciation, physical preparation, acting, and Make-up. The National Ballet

neg: Radhika Gajjala Radhika Gajjala Radhika Gajjala (born December 22, 1960, in Bombay) is a communications and a cultural studies professor, who has been named a Fulbright scholar twice. Radhika Gajjala was born December 22, 1960, in Bombay (Mumbai), India. She then moved around with her family before attending college in Hyderabad, India, eventually settling down in Bowling Green, Ohio in 1997. Gajjala is a well known communications scholar, co-editor of "Ada" a journal focusing on gender, new media, and technology, and professor of both media and communication, and culture studies at Bowling Green State University. She has authored and co-authored several scholarly

neg: Universal algebra Universal algebra Universal algebra (sometimes called general algebra) is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures themselves, not examples ("models") of algebraic structures. For instance, rather than take particular groups as the object of study, in universal algebra one takes the class of groups as an object of study. In universal algebra, an algebra (or algebraic structure) is a set "A" together with a collection of operations on "A". An "n"-ary operation on "A" is a function that takes "n" elements of "A" and returns a single element of "A". Thus, a 0-ary operation (or "nullary operation") can be

neg: Social stigma their emotions and beliefs. Members of stigmatized social groups often face prejudice that causes depression (i.e. deprejudice). These stigmas put a person's social identity in threatening situations, like low self-esteem. Because of this, identity theories have become highly researched. Identity threat theories can go hand-in-hand with labeling theory. Members of stigmatized groups start to become aware that they aren't being treated the same way and know they are probably being discriminated against. Studies have shown that "by 10 years of age, most children are aware of cultural stereotypes of different groups in society, and children who are members of stigmatized

neg: Cultural studies postmodernism. The field thus continues to pursue political critique through its engagements with the forces of culture and politics. The Blackwell "Companion to Cultural Studies", edited by leading cultural studies scholar Toby Miller, contains essays that analyze the development of cultural studies approaches within each of a wide range of disciplines across the contemporary social sciences and humanities. Many cultural studies practitioners work in departments of English or Comparative Literature. Nevertheless, some traditional literary scholars such as Yale professor Harold Bloom have been outspoken critics of cultural studies. On the level of methodology, these scholars dispute the theoretical underpinning of

neg: Bill Harry "Daily Mail": "Liverpool is like New Orleans at the turn of the century, but with rock 'n' roll instead of jazz". He also wrote to the "Liverpool Echo" about the emerging Liverpool music scene, but neither paper was interested in stories about music that was popular with teenagers. The classified ads in the "Liverpool Echo" for local groups were always under the heading of "Jazz", but the paper refused to change this policy, despite pleas from the promoters and groups who actually paid for them. Harry planned to produce a jazz newspaper called "Storyville/52nd Street" and contacted Sam Leach, the

neg: Frank N. Pieke Frank N. Pieke Frank Nikolaas Pieke (born 23 September 1957 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch cultural anthropologist and expert on modern China. Since August 2018, he serves as director and CEO of the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) in Berlin. Frank N. Pieke studied cultural anthropology and Chinese studies at the University of Amsterdam and the University of California, Berkeley, where he received his PhD in cultural anthropology in 1992. From 1995 to 2010, Pieke taught Modern Politics and Society of China at St Cross College, University of Oxford. He was the founding director of the Oxford China Centre

neg: Cambodian Rocks a solo artist in the 1960s he performed with a rock band rather than traditional wind instrument backing, experimenting with combining Khmer music with Western sounds. Sometimes called the "King of Khmer music", "the Cambodian Elvis", or the "golden voice", his lasting cultural impact is difficult to overstate. He is believed to have been killed by execution squad during the genocide in 1976, but his voice remains one of the country's most recognizable. The "King of Khmer music" is credited with discovering "the queen of Cambodian rock 'n' roll", Ros Sereysothea, who had been singing at weddings. Coming from a

neg: Animism Many anthropologists ceased using the term "animism", deeming it to be too close to early anthropological theory and religious polemic. However, the term had also been claimed by religious groups – namely indigenous communities and nature worshipers – who felt that it aptly described their own beliefs, and who in some cases actively identified as "animists". It was thus readopted by various scholars, however they began using the term in a different way, placing the focus on knowing how to behave toward other persons, some of whom aren't human. As the religious studies scholar Graham Harvey stated, while the "old