query: when did boston become the capital of massachusetts

pos: Boston citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from the "Town of Boston" to the "City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only . In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish

neg: Boston Brawlers the FXFL informed the Brawlers' franchisee (the Mahoning Valley Scrappers baseball team) that the Brawlers would not be taking part in the 2015 season. The Scrappers indicated, while not revealing any details, that the league did not have enough money to operate four teams for the 2015 season. Boston Brawlers The Boston Brawlers were a professional American football team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The team was based at Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts as the Boston Brawlers, and were a charter member of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL), which is trying to become the developmental league for the National

neg: Boston Badminton Open the Olympics. Boston Badminton Open The Boston Open is an annual badminton tournament held in Cambridge, Massachusetts just across the Charles River from Boston. It has become the leading regularly held tournament in the Eastern United States. The Boston Open was established in 1997 as regional tournament for Northeastern players, the first significant open badminton tournament in Massachusetts since the earlier New England Open which had been played from the mid 1930s to the late 1980s. When the tournament was created, the Rockwell Cage at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts was chosen as the location for

neg: Boston Badminton Open Boston Badminton Open The Boston Open is an annual badminton tournament held in Cambridge, Massachusetts just across the Charles River from Boston. It has become the leading regularly held tournament in the Eastern United States. The Boston Open was established in 1997 as regional tournament for Northeastern players, the first significant open badminton tournament in Massachusetts since the earlier New England Open which had been played from the mid 1930s to the late 1980s. When the tournament was created, the Rockwell Cage at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts was chosen as the location for the tournament.

neg: City Life/Vida Urbana the middle of 2011, City Life helped organize more than 20 blockades to prevent evictions, most of which accomplished their object. The organization has also been instrumental in pushing Boston Community Capital to become more actively involved in the financing of distressed properties. The group meets weekly, ending its sessions with organizers leading a chant: "What do we do when the banks attack?" to which the audience responds, "Stand up, fight back!" City Life/Vida Urbana City Life/Vida Urbana (CL/VU, clvu.org) (est. 1973) commonly known as "City Life," is a social justice group in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1973, a group

neg: Weymouth, Massachusetts in New England, and the oldest in what would become Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1630 it was officially incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony and in 1635 with the addition of 100 families under the leadership of Joseph Hull the name was changed to Weymouth. While the integration of these groups did not commence without difficulty, especially due to conflicting pressures from the Puritans of Boston and the Pilgrims of Plymouth, Weymouth was a stable and prominent town with its current boundaries by 1635. Weymouth was included as part of Suffolk County when it was formed on 10 May 1643.

neg: Biotech industry in Boston in Boston focused on biotechnology. In 2008, the governor of Massachusetts announced the Massachusetts Life Sciences Act, promising $1 billion to further the development of the biotech industry. In 2016, venture investment in Massachusetts biopharma companies was $2.9 billion, and more than half of the biotech companies in the state receiving venture capital were located in Cambridge. When Cambridge and Boston were considered together, they received more than 80% of the funding in the state. Seven teaching hospitals are located in Boston, contributing to the research efforts. Five of the top six NIH-funded independent hospitals in the United States are

neg: Tenaya Capital its other private investment units. In January 2009, HarbourVest Partners, a Boston private equity fund of funds, financed the spinout of Tenaya, acquiring Lehman's existing investment and unfunded commitments to Tenaya venture funds. <br> Tenaya Capital Tenaya Capital is a venture capital firm with offices in Portola Valley, California, and Wellesley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1995 as Lehman Brothers Venture Partners, Tenaya spun out to become an independent firm in 2009 following Lehman's bankruptcy. To date, Tenaya has raised five funds representing over $1 billion of committed capital. The firm currently has approximately $750 million under management. Tenaya Capital invests in

neg: Walt Ripley run average. He did not have a decision or saves and never appeared in a major league game again. Ripley died in Attleboro, Massachusetts, at the age of 73. Walt Ripley Walter Franklin Ripley (November 26, 1916 – October 7, 1990) was a relief pitcher who played in Major League Baseball. Listed at , 168 lb., Ripley batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. His son, Allen Ripley, was also a major league pitcher. Ripley was 18 years old when he entered the majors in with the Boston Red Sox, to become the youngest major league player

neg: John Hancock to Boston. Although Washington was short on manpower, he nevertheless sent fifteen horsemen to accompany Hancock on his journey home. By this time Hancock had become estranged from Samuel Adams, who disapproved of what he viewed as Hancock's vanity and extravagance, which Adams believed were inappropriate in a republican leader. When Congress voted to thank Hancock for his service, Adams and the other Massachusetts delegates voted against the resolution, as did a few delegates from other states. Back in Boston, Hancock was reelected to the House of Representatives. As in previous years, his philanthropy made him popular. Although his finances

neg: High school (North America) attend them following middle school (junior high school). The first institution labeled as a "high school" was Edinburgh's Royal High School in Scotland, which was founded in 1505. The Royal High School was used as a model for the first public high school in the United States, Boston Latin School, founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1635. Boston Latin School was initially a private school, so although it did become the first public high school, a school system in Dedham, Massachusetts was the first to be supported by public taxation. The schools prepared boys for the law or the church. The

neg: North Square (Boston, Massachusetts) North Square (Boston, Massachusetts) North Square in the North End, Boston of Boston, Massachusetts sits at the intersection of Moon, Prince, North, Garden Court, and Sun Court Streets. Paul Revere lived here, as did other notables in the 17th and 18th centuries. Prior to July 4, 1788, the area was known as Clark's Square. In the 17th century, Old North Meeting House anchored the neighborhood. Its pastor Increase Mather lived in the square "until the great fire of 1677, when his residence was destroyed." "In the eighteenth century Boston's two grandest houses were on North Square. ... William Clark, merchant,

neg: BankBoston later become the largest foreign bank in several major Latin American cities. In 1864, The Massachusetts Bank was renamed the Massachusetts National Bank. In 1903, The Massachusetts Bank merged with The First National Bank of Boston amidst a wave of consolidation in the banking industry at the start of the 20th century. First National had been founded in 1859 as Safety Fund Bank, changing its name in 1864 when it joined the national bank system. After a year operating as The Massachusetts First National Bank of Boston, the combined firm dropped the usage of "Massachusetts" in the name. On December

neg: Massachusetts Port Authority Massachusetts Port Authority Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) is a port authority in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It owns and operates three airports—Logan International Airport, Hanscom Field, and Worcester Regional Airport—and public terminals in the Port of Boston. It is a financially self-sustaining public authority whose transportation facilities generate more than $600 million annually; no state tax dollars are used to fund operations or capital improvements at Massport facilities. Its headquarters is located in the Logan Office Center, adjacent to Logan Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts. The Port of Boston includes Cruiseport Boston and facilities in the Boston Marine Industrial Park

neg: Daily Jolt staff located in Boston, Massachusetts. When the founders left the growth and operations of The Daily Jolt went to Christopher Herron supported by Ron Ayers and Kendra Grimes. Mark Miller took the reins from Herron, serving as Executive Chairman. He re-capitalized the company and acquired CollegiateLink, which was founded by Aaron Severs and Mark Greene. Miller oversaw the growth of the two assets of what become known as NewDJ Corp. The Daily Jolt was sold to Chungdahm Learning and a year later after investing in the growth of CollegiateLink it was sold with a strong return on capital to Campus

neg: Swan Boats (Boston, Massachusetts) during the summer for the first time, when city officials drained the lake after 30 ducks died due to an infection. <BR> Swan Boats (Boston, Massachusetts) The Swan Boats are a fleet of pontoon pleasure boats which operate in a pond in the Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. The Swan Boats have been in operation since 1877, and have since become a cultural icon for the city. They operate beginning the second weekend of April and ending the third weekend in September. Robert Paget first created the Swan Boats in the Public Garden in 1877, after seeing the opera "Lohengrin"

neg: The Boston Associates from warehouses to factories. These Boston-based investors established banks—such as the Suffolk Bank—and invested in others. In time, they controlled 40% of banking capital in Boston, 40% of all insurance capital in Massachusetts, and 30% of Massachusetts' railroads. Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors, working in any one of the hundreds of their mills. Mill locations established or improved by the Boston Associates: Despite being "shrewd, far-sighted entrepreneurs who were quick to embrace...new investment opportunities", the Boston Associates were also "committed to the ideals of the original Protestant ethic and Republican simplicity". Indeed, the members

neg: Isaac Addington a nephew, Addington Davenport, who later followed his uncle onto the superior court bench. Isaac Addington Isaac Addington (January 22, 1645 – March 19, 1719) was a longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts, including a brief period as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature, the highest court in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Addington was born in Boston, the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, to Isaac Addington. He attended Harvard College for two years (1658–59), but did not graduate. He was apparently trained further in medicine, for he styled himself for many years as

neg: Isaac Addington Isaac Addington Isaac Addington (January 22, 1645 – March 19, 1719) was a longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts, including a brief period as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature, the highest court in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Addington was born in Boston, the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, to Isaac Addington. He attended Harvard College for two years (1658–59), but did not graduate. He was apparently trained further in medicine, for he styled himself for many years as a chirurgeon, even while occupying public offices. In 1672 he was given a temporary

neg: Gamaliel Bradford (abolitionist) were interrupted in 1818 by a life-threatening bout of typhus. In 1819 he went to the University of Edinburgh to complete his education, returning in the spring of 1820. From 1821 to 1827, Bradford practiced medicine in Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts. In the mid-1820s he taught physiology. In 1827, he gave up practicing medicine and became the manager of a large South Boston brewery. He left the brewery in 1833, and a few months later was appointed Superintendent of Massachusetts General Hospital. Bradford attended the founding meeting of the New England Anti-Slavery Society in 1832, but did not become a

neg: 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts first elected in 1980, was one of the first openly gay prominent politicians in American history. Congressman Frank represents a solidly liberal district that extends from the southern suburbs of Boston to the South Coast. Incumbent Democratic Congressman Marty Meehan has represented this district that includes the northeastern suburbs of Boston since 1993, and he faced no opposition in his bid for an eighth term. Though Meehan was overwhelmingly re-elected, he did not fully serve out his term and resigned in July 2007 to become the Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Incumbent Democratic Congressman John Tierney, who was

neg: Tribe (band) Tribe (band) Tribe was an alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts which was active in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They released three albums, two on Slash Records/Warner Bros. Records, but did not translate their local appeal into national fame and disbanded in 1994. Greg LoPiccolo later stated that "When Warner Bros didn’t pick up our option for the third album; that was kind of a momentum-killer." Terri and Eric Brosius and Greg LoPiccolo later joined video game developer Looking Glass Studios and did sound/voice/music work on various games. They would later become founding members of "Guitar Hero" developer

neg: Boston Millennia Partners Boston Millennia Partners Boston Millennia Partners is a private investment firm that provides private equity financing to high growth companies in the healthcare and business services industries. The firm is based in Boston, Massachusetts and was formed in 1997 when the founding partners spun out of Boston Capital Ventures to create Boston Millennia Partners. The managers have organized nine separate investment partnerships. Boston Millennia Partners’ investors include institutions, corporate pension programs, as well as non-profit foundations and high-net-worth family offices. The managers have completed over 100 individual investments and 300 add-on acquisitions over twenty years. Investments include PAREXEL International (PRXL),

neg: Springfield, Essex years. A former resident of the village of Springfield, William Pynchon, went on to become one of the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony - a group of New World settlers whose capital city was Boston. In 1636, Pynchon and a group of pioneers founded Springfield, Massachusetts, beside New England's greatest river, the Connecticut River, amidst New England's most fertile soil. Originally named Agawam (now a suburb of the city itself, featuring the famous Six Flags New England amusement park), the settlement was renamed "Springfield" in Pynchon's honour, after Pynchon had suffered indignities from Connecticut's Captain John Mason - the

neg: Mariner Group David Cutler had become publisher. For a few months following GateHouse Media's purchase of CNC and Memorial Press Group in 2006, the new sister companies continued to publish competing titles in several South Shore towns. Eventually the duplications were eliminated, leading to the closure of the Kingston and Randolph "Mariners", and the "Abington-Rockland Mariner" ceasing Rockland coverage. Mariner Group Mariner Group, based in Marshfield, Massachusetts, United States, was a chain of weekly newspapers in the suburban South Shore near Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1972 with one paper, the "Marshfield Mariner", the group was sold in 1989 to Capital

neg: History of Springfield, Massachusetts the Massachusetts Bay Colony and its capital, Boston, which reacted with rage to Pynchon rather than with support. For his critical attitude toward Massachusetts' Calvinist Puritanism, Pynchon was accused of heresy, and his book was burned on the Boston Common. Only 4 known copies survived. By declaration of the Massachusetts General Court, in 1650, "The Meritous Price of Our Redemption" became the first-ever banned book in the New World. In 1651, Pynchon was accused of heresy in Boston – at the same meeting of the Massachusetts General Court where Springfielder Mary Parsons was sentenced to death. Standing to lose all

neg: Boston Millennia Partners GlycoFi (acquired by Merck), Ilex (ILXO, acquired by Genzyme), Bright Horizons (BFAM), Verio Inc. (VRIO, acquired by NTT), Odyssey Logistics, Arthrosurface, Athenix (acquired by Bayer CropScience), P&H Solutions (acquired by ACI Worldwide), Nexidia, Inc., MedAptus, Inc., and Hotjobs.com (HOTJ, acquired by Yahoo!). Boston Millennia Partners Boston Millennia Partners is a private investment firm that provides private equity financing to high growth companies in the healthcare and business services industries. The firm is based in Boston, Massachusetts and was formed in 1997 when the founding partners spun out of Boston Capital Ventures to create Boston Millennia Partners. The managers have organized

neg: History of Massachusetts activity in the decade before 1775, with Massachusetts natives Samuel Adams, John Adams, and John Hancock as leaders who would become important in the revolution. Boston had been under military occupation since 1768. When customs officials were attacked by mobs, two regiments of British regulars arrived. They had been housed in the city with increasing public outrage. In Boston on March 5, 1770, what began as a rock-throwing incident against a few British soldiers ended in the shooting of five men by British soldiers in what became known as the Boston Massacre. The incident caused further anger against British authority

neg: Boston Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics. The city has several federal facilities, including the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building, the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Federal Building, the John W. McCormack Post Office and Courthouse, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Both courts are housed in the John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse. Federally, Boston is split

neg: Suffolk County, Massachusetts Suffolk County, Massachusetts Suffolk County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of 2016, the population was 784,230 making it the fourth-most populous county in Massachusetts. The traditional county seat is Boston, the state capital and the largest city in Massachusetts. The county government was abolished in late 1999, and so Suffolk County today functions only as an administrative subdivision of state government and a set of communities grouped together for some statistical purposes. Suffolk County constitutes the core of the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the greater Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined

neg: Bill Harrington (broadcaster) fill in for Bozo when Frank Avruch was unable to appear on the show. He was married to fellow Boston television personality Jean D'Allaire, who played "Miss Jean" on the Boston version of "Romper Room". He worked as a news reporter and state house correspondent for WHDH radio, WHDH-TV and WCVB-TV during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He left reporting to become a media consultant. Bill Harrington (broadcaster) William T. Harrington (September 29, 1925 in Lynn, Massachusetts – February 14, 1998 in Boston, Massachusetts), as Bill Harrington was an American sportscaster, children's television host, and news reporter for WHDH radio

neg: American business history invested in railroads, especially the Boston and Lowell. These railroads helped transport the cotton from warehouses to factories. These Boston-based investors established banks—such as the Suffolk Bank—and invested in others. In time, they controlled 40% of banking capital in Boston, 40% of all insurance capital in Massachusetts, and 30% of Massachusetts' railroads. Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors, working in any one of the hundreds of their mills. In the South, by far the major business center was Baltimore, Maryland. It had a large port to handle imports and exports, and a large hinterland that

neg: 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts and its capital Boston. Brown performed well in the southern part of the state near Cape Cod. Warren made history by becoming the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate in the state of Massachusetts. The People's Pledge was a popular concept, which Common Cause proposed being implemented in other races. The pledge also resulted in fewer attack ads on the airwaves. Less than two months after the election, President Barack Obama nominated Senator John Kerry to become United States Secretary of State. Kerry was sworn in on February 1, making newly inaugurated Warren the state's senior Senator, and the

neg: Christopher Holder 19 October 1658 meeting of the Massachusetts General Court, a law was passed, that any Quaker caught in their jurisdiction would be banished upon pain of death. Such Quaker activism had now become a capital offense. After leaving Boston in late 1658, Holder went south and joined fellow missionaries Robert Hodgson and William Robinson in Maryland and Virginia. Holder returned to Rhode Island the following spring, and accompanied by 11-year-old Patience Scott and others, returned to Massachusetts. They managed to avoid the authorities for several weeks, and in May Holder wrote a letter to William Robinson to let him know

neg: Capital punishment in Massachusetts Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was sentenced to death by a federal court on May 15, 2015, for his role in the Boston Marathon bombing. Capital punishment in Massachusetts Capital punishment in Massachusetts was a legal form of punishment from 1620 to 1984. The first recorded execution in Massachusetts was John Billington. He was executed by hanging on September 30, 1630, in Plymouth for murder. The last executions were gangsters Philip Bellino and Edward Gertson on May 9, 1947, for the murder of Robert Williams, a former U.S. Marine. Both were executed via electric chair. In 1982, Massachusetts people approved a legislatively referred

neg: James McIntyre (politician) Boston University in 1960. From 1956 to 1959, McIntyre was a member of the Quincy city council. During his last year on the council, he served as president. From 1959 to 1965 he was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1964 he was elected to the Massachusetts Senate. The following year he was elected Mayor of Quincy. He defeated his opponent by a 3 to 1 margin to become the first Democrat elected mayor of Quincy since 1911. He held both positions until 1971 when he resigned to become the Massachusetts Senate's legal counsel. McIntyre died suddenly

neg: Charlestown, Boston Charlestown, Boston Charlestown is the oldest neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Originally called Mishawum by the Massachusett, it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River, across from downtown Boston, and also adjoins the Mystic River and Boston Harbor. Charlestown was laid out in 1629 by engineer Thomas Graves, one of its early settlers, in the reign of Charles I of England. It was originally a separate town and the first capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Charlestown became a city in 1848 and was annexed by Boston on January 5, 1874. With that, it also switched

neg: Moon Island (Massachusetts) Moon Island (Massachusetts) Moon Island is situated in Quincy Bay, in the middle of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, and is the location of the Boston Fire Department Training Academy, and Boston Police Department shooting range. All of the land on the island is owned by the City of Boston but the island is under the jurisdiction of Quincy, Massachusetts. It is also part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The causeway to Moon Island did not exist before the late 1870s and there was no bridge across Western Way to Long Island until the construction of the Long Island

neg: Refugee Immigration Ministry to their lives. When these displaced individuals arrive, they are free to begin their lives, but often lack the resources to effectively do so. RIM's clusters aim to give them the tools to become self-sustaining members of their communities. RIM Clusters are currently in [[Newton-[[Brookline, Massachusetts|Brookline]], [[Chelmsford, Massachusetts|Chelmsford]]-[[Lowewll, Massachusetts|Billerica]], Metro-North ([[Malden, Massachusetts|Malden]]-[[Melrose, Massachusetts|Melrose]]), North Shore, Metro-West ([[Framingham, Massachusetts|Framingham]], [[Hopkinton, Massachusetts|Hopkinton[[Boston, Massachusetts] and [[Marblehead, Massachusetts| {Arlington} {Lexington} . All of RIM’s programs are steered by a professional Case Management plan. RIM works with clients to assess their needs and make appropriate referrals for legal services and health care. RIM provides case

neg: Boston Municipal Protective Services BPPA have for the BPD. BMP Officers were politically connected positions. They by-passed thousands on the Massachusetts Civil Service Exam hiring list for the City of Boston including Veterans and Minorities. BMP Officers did not attend the full six month Boston Police Academy that BPPA members have. Unlike BPPA members, who have passed a Civil Service Exam to get hired, BMP Officers were allowed to back door the process via the courts to become civil service Officers. Despite the BPPA's objections, the Munis who passed a vigorous background check, medical & psychological exam, as well as a physical agility test

neg: Sports in Boston Sports in Boston Boston, the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in New England, is home to several major league sports teams, including the Red Sox (baseball), the Celtics (basketball) and the Bruins (ice hockey). The New England Patriots (American football) and the New England Revolution (soccer) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough, Massachusetts. Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics. Sports are a major part of the city's culture (as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area). Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to

neg: The Boston Associates The Boston Associates The Boston Associates were a loosely linked group of investors in 19th-century New England. They included Nathan Appleton, Patrick Tracy Jackson, Abbott Lawrence, and Amos Lawrence. Often related directly or through marriage, they were based in Boston, Massachusetts. The term "Boston Associates" was coined by historian Vera Shlakmen in 1935. By 1845, there were 31 textile companies—located in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and southern Maine—produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States. With the capital earned through these mills, they invested in railroads, especially the Boston and Lowell. These railroads helped transport the cotton

neg: Greater Boston Greater Boston Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, and the most populous city in New England, as well as its surrounding areas. The region forms the northern arc of the US northeast megalopolis and as such, Greater Boston can be described as either a metropolitan statistical area (MSA), or as a broader combined statistical area (CSA). The MSA consists of most of the eastern third of Massachusetts, excluding the South Coast region and Cape Cod; while the CSA additionally includes the municipalities of Manchester

neg: Suffolk County, Massachusetts Statistical Area. The county was created by the Massachusetts General Court on May 10, 1643, when it was ordered "that the whole plantation within this jurisdiction be divided into four shires". Suffolk initially contained Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, Dedham, Braintree, Weymouth, and Hingham. The county was named after Suffolk, England, which means "southern folk." In 1731, the extreme western portions of Suffolk County, which included Uxbridge, were split off to become part of Worcester County. In 1793, most of the original Suffolk County (including Milton) except for Boston, Chelsea, Hingham, and Hull (which remained in Suffolk) split off and became Norfolk

neg: Mayo A. Shattuck III Mayo A. Shattuck III Mayo A. Shattuck III (born 1954 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He currently serves as non-executive chairman of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation, co-chair of the Johns Hopkins University Capital Campaign and vice chairman of the board of Johns Hopkins Medicine. Shattuck was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1954. He attended the Noble and Greenough School in Dedham, Massachusetts. Shattuck's father was "heavily involved in the Boston investment community," and he managed Harvard's endowment and also served as a managing director at one of Boston's most respected institutional money managers. Shattuck's father passed away

neg: History of Connecticut the charter was missing. According to legend, it was hidden in the Charter Oak. Sir Edmund named four members to his Council for the Government of New England and proceeded to his capital at Boston. Since Andros viewed New York and Massachusetts as the important parts of his Dominion, he mostly ignored Connecticut. Aside from some taxes demanded and sent to Boston, Connecticut also mostly ignored the new government. When word arrived that the Glorious Revolution had placed William and Mary on the throne, the citizens of Boston arrested Andros and sent him back to England in chains. The Connecticut

neg: Ursuline Convent riots views that did not accord with theirs. When the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established in 1692, its charter enshrined tolerance for other Protestant sects, but specifically excluded political benefits for Roman Catholics. After American independence, there was a broadening of tolerance in the nation, but this tolerance did not particularly take hold in Massachusetts. The arrival of many Catholic Irish immigrants ignited sectarian tensions, which were abetted by the Protestant religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening. The idea of establishing an Ursuline school in Boston originated with Father John Thayer, a Massachusetts native who converted to Roman Catholicism

neg: Charles Greeley Abbot the youngest of four children. As a youth he built and invented numerous things, such as a forge to fix tools, a water wheel to power a saw, and a bicycle. He dropped out of school when he was 13 to become a carpenter. Two years later he went back to high school. He attended Phillips Andover Academy. When a friend of his went to Boston to take the entrance exam to get into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Abbot went for the chance to visit Boston. However, upon arrival, he was uncomfortable visiting Boston alone and chose to take

neg: Christopher Holder they were in Salem. Marmaduke Stephenson and William Robinson were soon arrested, and then Holder and Patience Scott were likewise arrested. Afraid of public opinion, the authorities were not ready to test their law instituting capital punishment, and the youngster was released, while the others were banished. None of them, however, was deterred, with Stephenson and Robinson going up to Salem and Holder going elsewhere in northern Massachusetts. When Holder returned to Boston in August 1659 he was arrested and once again imprisoned. When Robinson and Stephenson were arrested in Salem, they were brought back to Boston with a large

neg: Boston Brawlers Boston Brawlers The Boston Brawlers were a professional American football team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The team was based at Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts as the Boston Brawlers, and were a charter member of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL), which is trying to become the developmental league for the National Football League. Their primary colors were red, midnight blue and white, similar to Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, and its logo featured a mustachioed, bare-fisted boxer. The team never found an owner willing to keep the team in Boston. The league confirmed it would not return to

neg: Russ Peterson (coach) to the position of freshman football coach. In August 1949, Peterson resigned from his posts at Boston in order to take an athletic director position in Arlington. In 1953, he took over as head football coach at Springfield Technical High School, where he remained until 1958, when he resigned in order to become athletic director for Springfield, Massachusetts public schools. Russ Peterson (coach) Russ Peterson was an American college basketball, football, and baseball coach. He served as a multi-sport coach at American International College and Boston University. Peterson was a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, where he attended the High School

neg: George Aarons foundry worker, as well as a large relief (1938) for the South Boston Housing Project and façade of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregational Building (1956). His works are at the Museum of Art in Ein Harod, Israel; Fitchburg Art Museum in Massachusetts, Musée de St. Denis in France; Hilles Library at Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Hillel House at Boston University in Massachusetts. He produced five He did reliefs for Siefer Hall at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts (1950); Edward Filene (the founder of Filene's Department Store and a philanthropist) on the Boston Common; Fireman's Memorial in Beverly, Massachusetts; a

neg: Massachusetts Convention Center Authority According to their web site "In 2015, the MCCA hosted 262 events at the BCEC and Hynes with 724,292 attendees, generating 632,433 hotel room nights and $784 million in economic impact." In May 2017, the MCCA said they would be issuing a request for proposal to hire a firm to analyze development options on the 30 acres of land surrounding the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. In February 2018, the MCCA tapped design and consultancy firm Arcadis to oversee capital improvements across four MCCA facilities. <Boston Business Journal Feb 6, 2018></https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2018/02/06/mcca-taps-dutch-firm-arcadis-to-oversee-capital.html> Massachusetts Convention Center Authority The Massachusetts Convention Center Authority

neg: Boston Blazers (1992–97) League from 2009 to 2013. While the name of the new team was chosen "in part due to the popularity and nostalgia associated with the former Boston Blazers franchise" it did not share any lineage with the MILL Blazers. Boston Blazers (1992–97) The Boston Blazers were a member of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League from 1989 to 1997. They were called the New England Blazers from 1989 to 1991 while based in Worcester, Massachusetts, and were renamed the Boston Blazers in 1992 when they moved to Boston. While in Worcester, the Blazers played at the Worcester Centrum. In Boston, they

neg: American business history to set up a local national bank. The nation operated without any supervising national bank until 1913, when the Federal Reserve System was created. Boston remained the dominant business center in New England, and its entrepreneurs pushed west to Chicago and San Francisco. The Boston Associates were merchants who took their fortunes made in world trade, and concentrated on building factory towns near Boston, most famously Lowell. By 1845, there were 31 textile companies—located in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and southern Maine—produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States. With the capital earned through these mills, they

neg: Ross and Macdonald By 1970, the firm was known as Ross, Fish, Duschenes & Barrett. Ross (1879–1946) was born in Montreal, and later studied at the High School of Montreal, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Ross was apprenticed to Brown, MacVicar & Heriot in Montreal, and later become a draftsman for the Grand Trunk Railway. He also did work with Parker & Thomas in Boston and Carrere & Hastings in New York before partnering with MacFarlane in Montreal. He was a Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. He was also a

neg: Hawley Street (Boston) a fire began at Stephen Soper's livery stable, spreading from Hawley to Milk Street, and burning the former home of Benjamin Franklin. When Melvil Dewey lived in Boston in the 1870s, he served as an officer of the Spelling Reform Association, headquartered at 32 Hawley St. Hawley Street (Boston) Hawley Street of Boston, Massachusetts, is located in the Financial District between Milk and Summer Streets. Prior to 1799, it was called Bishop's Alley and briefly in the 1790s Board Alley. According to historian Annie Haven Thwing, in 1645 the path that later would become Hawley Street was "laid out through

neg: Jim Coburn There was some speculation that Coburn might seek the Republican nomination for New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district to challenge incumbent Democrat Paul Hodes, but he did not, eventually endorsing Jennifer Horn for the position. Jim Coburn James B. Coburn (born 1944 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States) is an American entrepreneur, former New Hampshire state representative, and the 2006 Republican nominee for Governor of New Hampshire. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, but moved to Chester, New Hampshire when he was seven years old to live with his grandmother after his mother died of cancer. Coburn graduated from Pinkerton Academy in

neg: Boston Massachusetts Temple Boston Massachusetts Temple The Boston Massachusetts Temple is the 100th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The Boston Massachusetts Temple is located in the Boston suburb of Belmont, Massachusetts and was dedicated for use on October 1, 2000. When LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley announced the building of small temples in April 1998, he also spoke of a goal to have 100 temples built by the end of 2000. The Boston Massachusetts Temple marked the completion of that goal. Richard G. Scott, of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, presided over the

neg: 1920 United States presidential election in Massachusetts the most decisive landslides in American history, and Massachusetts, already a fiercely Republican state, went even harder for Harding than the nation, voting a solid fifteen percent more Republican than the national average. Harding was also helped in the state by his running mate, Calvin Coolidge, a traditional Yankee Republican born in Vermont, being the popular sitting Governor of Massachusetts. Harding swept every county in the state of Massachusetts, including even Suffolk County, home to the state's capital and largest city, Boston. Boston had been a Democratic-leaning city prior to this, and while Calvin Coolidge would win the city once

neg: Sports in Boston the Celtics as the best team in the NBA Eastern Conference. 9 World Series titles 1 World Series title 5 Super Bowl titles 17 NBA titles 6 Stanley Cup titles Sports in Boston Boston, the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in New England, is home to several major league sports teams, including the Red Sox (baseball), the Celtics (basketball) and the Bruins (ice hockey). The New England Patriots (American football) and the New England Revolution (soccer) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough, Massachusetts. Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college

neg: Frank Cousins (American politician) County. He did not run for reelection in 2016. Frank Cousins (American politician) Frank G. Cousins, Jr. (born May 7, 1958 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American politician who served as the Essex County, Massachusetts Sheriff. Cousins became the first African-American sheriff in Massachusetts when he was appointed to the position in 1996 by then Massachusetts Governor William Weld. Prior to his appointment to sheriff, Cousins had served on the Newburyport, Massachusetts City Council, and then in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1993 up until he became sheriff. As a Republican, Cousins has won elections for the sheriff position

neg: Samuel Edmund Sewall Louisa Winslow in 1836 after persuading her to become a Unitarian. Their first child, Lucy Ellen Sewall, was born in 1837 and went on to become a successful Boston physician. A second daughter, Louisa Winslow Sewall, was born in 1846. The family lived in Roxbury until 1848, when they moved to Melrose, Massachusetts, and later, Norfolk, Massachusetts. Sewall's first wife died in 1850; seven years later he married his late wife's widowed sister, Harriet Winslow List, a poet and editor. Sewall died of pneumonia on December 20, 1888, aged 89. The poet John Greenleaf Whittier, Sewall's lifelong friend and fellow

neg: Sinclair Weeks He was a businessman in various industries, including the First National Bank of Boston, the United Carr Fastener Corporation and as President of Reed & Barton Silversmiths of Taunton Massachusetts. He served as mayor of Newton, Massachusetts from 1930 to 1935. He was a United States Senator from Massachusetts from February 8, 1944, when he was appointed by Governor Leverett Saltonstall following the resignation of Henry C. Lodge, Jr., who went to serve in World War II, until December 19, 1944, when a new senator was elected. Weeks did not run in that election. Weeks was a member of the

neg: Thomas K. Lynch Town Manager after Town Manager John C. Klimm was placed on leave. When Klimm's contract ended that December, Lynch took over as Acting Town Manager. On May 17, 2012, the Barnstable Town Council voted 9 to 3 to offer Lynch a two-year contract to become Town Manager. Thomas K. Lynch Thomas K. Lynch is an American municipal administrator and politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and as Town Manager of Barnstable, Massachusetts. Lynch was born on April 30, 1946 in Attleboro, Massachusetts. He attended public schools in North Attleboro, Massachusetts and graduated from Boston

neg: Boston American Boston American The Boston American was a daily tabloid newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts from March 21, 1904 until September 30, 1961. The newspaper was part of William Randolph Hearst's chain, and thus was also known as "Hearst's Boston American". The "Boston American" featured the "American Sunday Monthly Magazine". In 1961, the "Boston American" merged with the "Boston Record" to become the "Boston Record-American", a tabloid that was published throughout the day with five to six editions. In 1972, it merged with the "Boston Herald Traveler" (no hyphen) to become the "Boston Herald-Traveler and Record American", a broadsheet that eventually

neg: 1861 Atlantic hurricane season southeastern New England coast between November 2 and November 3, damaging over 250 vessels at Provincetown, Massachusetts, and running aground 20 others. Water from the Massachusetts Bay surged into the village of Wareham. In downtown Boston, the storm began late on November 2 and lasted until late the next morning, although the highest tides did not occur until after conditions had already cleared. Twenty-two occupants of the ship "Maritania" drowned when the vessel sank after striking a rock during the worst of the storm. At the time, she was located east of the Boston Light. 1861 Atlantic hurricane season The

neg: CrossHarbor Capital Partners The Brookwood School (Massachusetts), and the Peabody Essex Museum, and is an Incorporator of Partners HealthCare. Byrne is a board member of Affiliated Managers Group (AMG). William H. Kremer is a co-founder and managing partner of CrossHarbor Capital Partners. Kremer received his capital market and credit training as an analyst with J.P. Morgan & Co. and graduated from Boston University. Since 1998 he has served as a Council member of The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. In addition, Kremer serves on the Board of Trustees of The Park School in Brookline, Massachusetts. CrossHarbor Capital Partners CrossHarbor

neg: Inez C. Fields Inez C. Fields Inez C. Fields, a native of Hampton, Virginia, became one of the first known black women to become a second-generation lawyer. She graduated from Boston University School of Law in 1922 and became the second black woman admitted to the Massachusetts bar on April 15, 1924. Fields did not remain in Massachusetts, but instead returned to Virginia, where she joined her father's law firm in Hampton. On November 7, 1928, she became the third black woman admitted to the Virginia bar. Joining Marian Poe and Bertha Douglass, Inez was one of three black women practicing law in

neg: Province of Massachusetts Bay tea. The port closure did great damage to the provincial economy and led to a wave of sympathetic assistance from other colonies. The royal government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay existed until early October 1774, when members of the General Court of Massachusetts met in contravention of the Massachusetts Government Act and established the Massachusetts Provincial Congress which became the "de facto" government. Governor Gage continued an essentially military rule in Boston, but the provincial congress had effective rule in the rest of the province. Hostilities broke out in April 1775 at Lexington and Concord, which started the American

neg: Diane Guerrero the Country We Love: My Family Divided", a memoir about her parents being detained and deported when she was fourteen. Guerrero was born in New Jersey to Colombian parents and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. As the only member of her immediate family with United States citizenship, she remained in the U.S. when her parents and older brother were deported back to Colombia when she was 14 after unsuccessfully pursuing legal citizenship. Guerrero has since become a strong advocate for immigration reform. Guerrero was raised in the Jamaica Plain and Roxbury neighborhoods of Boston after being taken in by other Colombian

neg: Myrtelle Canavan Massachusetts, where she met Elmer Ernest Southard, Bullard Professor of Neuropathology at Harvard Medical School, who encouraged her interest in neuropathology. In 1910 she became resident pathologist at Boston State Hospital and in 1914 was appointed pathologist to the Massachusetts Department of Mental Diseases. She was also an instructor of neuropathology at the University of Vermont. After Southard's death in 1920, Canavan became acting director of the laboratories of the Boston Psychopathic Hospital, which would later become the Massachusetts Mental Health Center. From 1920 until her retirement in 1945, she was an associate professor of neuropathology at Boston University and

neg: Vestar Capital Partners Vestar Capital Partners Vestar Capital Partners is an American private equity firm focusing on leveraged buyout transactions in middle-market companies in the United States. The firm, which was founded in 1988, is headquartered in New York City with offices in Boston, Massachusetts and Denver, Colorado, in the U.S. Vestar is a leading private equity firm specializing in management buyouts and growth capital investments. Vestar was founded in 1988 by principals of The First Boston Corporation’s Management Buyout Group. Four of the original founders -- Daniel O'Connell, Norman Alpert, Robert Rosner, and James Kelley -- are still with the firm. Since

neg: Greater Boston (the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire), Providence (the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island), Worcester, Massachusetts (the second largest city in New England), as well as the South Coast region and Cape Cod in Massachusetts. While the small footprint of the city of Boston itself only contains an estimated 685,094, the urbanization has extended well into surrounding communities, with the MSA having a population of 4,732,161. Some of Greater Boston's most well-known contributions involve the region's higher education and medical institutions. Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry.

neg: Robert Winsor Oil Crowd." He continued to work with Amalgamated until its sale in 1910 to the Anaconda Copper Company. In 1901, Kidder, Peabody participated with J.P. Morgan in the formation of the United States Steel Company, with Winsor serving on the steel company's board. With J.L. Richards, Winsor in 1905 brought together the Massachusetts Pipe Line Gas Company, the Bay State Gas Company of Massachusetts, and the Boston, Brookline, Dorchester, Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, and South Boston gas companies into the $15 million Boston Consolidated Gas Company. At the time of its incorporation, all but a small portion of its capital stock

neg: History of Italian Americans in Boston expanded during the 1920s but did not gain the upper hand in Boston until 1931, when they assassinated Wallace and the Irish assassinated Solomon. In 1923, Logan Airport was built in East Boston, which had a sizable Italian population. Area residents were less than enthusiastic about the airport and the noise and traffic that inevitably came with it. Sacco and Vanzetti Prior to their arrest in 1920, the Italian anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti lived in Stoughton and Plymouth, Massachusetts, and had political ties to Boston. Most Boston Italians, although far from sympathetic to the anarchist cause, believed the

neg: North Square (Boston, Massachusetts) had a 3-story brick house with 26 lavish rooms, and nearby, facing the garden court, was John Foster's house, later occupied by Governor Hutchinson." John Pitcairn and John Downes also lived in the square. As was typical of the North End generally, in the 20th century predominantly Italian immigrants lived in the square. As of the 1950s it has been part of the Freedom Trail. North Square (Boston, Massachusetts) North Square in the North End, Boston of Boston, Massachusetts sits at the intersection of Moon, Prince, North, Garden Court, and Sun Court Streets. Paul Revere lived here, as did other

neg: Frederick Haldimand Tea Party unless specifically requested to do so. When Gage returned to Boston in 1774, Haldimand remained in command of the troops in New York, which Gage ordered to Boston in September 1774 in the wake of the colonial uprising known as the Powder Alarm. While Gage was primarily occupied with his duties as Governor of Massachusetts, Haldimand commanded the army in Boston, although Gage did not notify him of the expedition that led to the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. With the arrival additional military leadership in Boston after that event, Haldimand was advised that,

neg: Massachusetts airport in New England, serving 33.4 million total passengers in 2015, and witnessing rapid growth in international air traffic since 2010. Sectors vital to the Massachusetts economy include higher education, biotechnology, information technology, finance, health care, tourism, and defense. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector. In recent years tourism has played an ever-important role in the state's economy, with Boston and Cape Cod being the leading destinations. Other popular tourist destinations include Salem, Plymouth, and the Berkshires. Massachusetts is the sixth-most popular

neg: USRC Massachusetts (1791) USRC Massachusetts (1791) USRC "Massachusetts" was one of the first ten cutters operated by the Revenue-Marine (later to become the US Coast Guard). She was built in Newburyport, Massachusetts and served out of Boston. "Massachusetts" by tradition is held to be the first revenue cutter to enter active service. She was also the first to be decommissioned, having a very short service life of only about 15 months before being sold. A contemporary description, provided by the Collector of Customs at Boston, Mr. Benjamin Lincoln to the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, noted: Agreeably to your orders I here

neg: 1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election 1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election The 1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990. Republican Bill Weld was elected Governor of Massachusetts for the first time. He beat Democrat John Silber to become the first Republican Governor of Massachusetts since 1975. After Flynn's decision not to run, Murphy was the early frontrunner due to her strong name recognition and a solid base of liberal support. In July 1989, she led Bellotti 42% to 18% in a "Boston Globe" poll. That November, Bellotti had come within 2% of Murphy in another Boston Globe poll. In January, Silber entered the race

neg: Swan Boats (Boston, Massachusetts) Swan Boats (Boston, Massachusetts) The Swan Boats are a fleet of pontoon pleasure boats which operate in a pond in the Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. The Swan Boats have been in operation since 1877, and have since become a cultural icon for the city. They operate beginning the second weekend of April and ending the third weekend in September. Robert Paget first created the Swan Boats in the Public Garden in 1877, after seeing the opera "Lohengrin" with his wife Julia Paget. Inspired by the knight's gallant rescue of the damsel by riding a swan across the lake, Paget

neg: History of Irish Americans in Boston Irish-descended residents. As of 2010, the most Irish city in the U.S. (regardless of population size) was Scituate, Massachusetts, with 47.5% of its residents claiming Irish ancestry. History of Irish Americans in Boston People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in Boston, Massachusetts. Once a Puritan stronghold, Boston changed dramatically in the 19th century with the arrival of European immigrants. The Irish dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Great Irish Famine. Their arrival transformed Boston from an Anglo-Saxon, Protestant city into one that has become progressively more diverse. The Yankees hired

neg: Bobbi Gibb AAU-sanctioned women's division race at Boston in 1972. Bobbi Gibb grew up in the suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts during the 1940s and 1950s. She studied at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and Tufts University School of Special Studies. Her father was a professor of chemistry at Tufts. She was already running through the woods with the neighborhood dogs when, in 1962, she met a middle distance runner at Tufts named William Bingay, who would later enlist in the United States Navy and become her first husband. They married on February 5, 1966, in California. Her running included daily commuting

neg: Leo L. Laughlin Boston as special agent in charge. In March 1962, Massachusetts Governor John A. Volpe announced that Laughlin was his choice to become the next Commissioner of the Boston Police Department. Laughlin was prepared to take a two-year leave of absence from the FBI to run the department. However, the Massachusetts General Court took the power to appoint the Boston Police Commissioner away from the Governor and returned it to the Mayor of Boston. Boston Mayor John F. Collins announced Laughlin as a finalist for the position, but Laughlin took himself out of the running, stating that he was "not interested

neg: John Andrew Sullivan He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts. John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868

neg: Hebert Candies Hebert Candies Hebert Candies is an American brand of confectionery owned by American Gourmet Group, LLC. Hebert Candies is headquartered in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts in a Tudor stone mansion off Route 20. The "candy mansion" is the company's sole retail outlet and candy manufacturing facility and has become a destination for locals and tourists alike. Hebert Candies was founded in 1917 when Frederick E. Hebert purchased a copper kettle, knife, table iron, and thermometer for $11.00. In 1946, Mr. Hebert purchased a Tudor stone mansion on Route 20 (the major route connecting Central Massachusetts with Boston) in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts and moved

neg: Boston Junior Rangers Boston Junior Rangers The Boston Junior Rangers are a Tier III Junior A ice hockey organization playing in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. The team plays in the Eastern Hockey League (EHL). The initial founder and owner Mike Addesa is a former NCAA Division I ice hockey head coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mr. Addesa founded the team as the Boston Bulldogs playing out of Salem, Massachusetts. At the end of the 2011–12 season the franchise was sold and relocated to become the Boston Jr Rangers. In 2017, the league re-branded, dropping the Premier name from their top division and renamed the Elite

neg: Boston Elevated Railway towns, run by other companies, operated over Boston Elevated Railway trackage. Operations of the company were taken over by the Metropolitan Transit Authority, now the MBTA, in 1947. Boston Elevated Railway The Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) was a streetcar and rapid transit railroad operated on, above, and below, the streets of Boston, Massachusetts and surrounding communities. Founded in 1894, it eventually acquired the West End Street Railway via lease and merger to become the city's primary mass transit provider. Its modern successor is the state-run Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), which continues to operate in part on infrastructure developed by

neg: Samuel Vetch the 1,200 colonists sent to Central America, including William Vetch, succumbed to disease) to make his way to New York City in August 1699. Vetch formed connections with the politically powerful Livingston family, marrying Margaret, the daughter of Robert Livingston. With the Livingstons Vetch then established a highly profitable but illegal trade with New France, and eventually settled in Boston, capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Although he curtailed his trading activities when Queen Anne's War began in 1702, he was given a renewed opportunity for trade after Massachusetts Governor Joseph Dudley sent him on a diplomatic mission to

neg: Francis Amasa Walker and 1878. Despite his tenure at the analogous Sheffield School of Yale University, Walker remained committed to MIT's independence from a larger institution. Walker also repeatedly received overtures from Leland Stanford to become the first president of his new university in Palo Alto, California, but Walker remained committed to MIT owing to his Boston upbringing. In light of the difficulties in raising capital for these expansions and despite MIT's privately endowed status, Walker and other members of the Corporation lobbied the Massachusetts legislature for a $200,000 grant to aid in the industrial development of the Commonwealth ($ in 2016 dollars).

neg: Dollarama created a profitable business that became very successful. By the late 1990s, Dollarama had become by far the primary source of revenue for the Rossy family. As such, the Rossy S division was closed, with all of its stores either closed or converted into Dollarama stores. In November 2004, 80 percent of the chain was sold for $850 million US, to a private equity fund, Bain Capital, of Boston, Massachusetts. In 2013, Dollarama was planning to expand its market to Latin America, and made an eight-year agreement to share its business expertise and provide sourcing services to Dollar City, a

neg: Quebec Expedition strength at sea. The expedition's leaders, Admiral Hovenden Walker and Brigadier-General John Hill, were chosen for their politics and connections to the crown, and its plans were kept secret even from the Admiralty. Despite the secrecy, French agents were able to discover British intentions and warn authorities in Quebec. The expedition expected to be fully provisioned in Boston, the capital of colonial Massachusetts, but the city was unprepared when it arrived, and Massachusetts authorities had to scramble to provide even three months' supplies. Admiral Walker also had difficulty acquiring experienced pilots and accurate charts for navigating the waters of the

neg: Eleanor Norcross Fitchburg Art Museum. Norcross studied at Boston's Massachusetts Normal Art School, now the Massachusetts College of Art and Design, to prepare to teach art. Living in Fitchburg, she commuted by train to the school in Boston. Norcross earned her teaching certificate by 1876 and taught drawing in the Fitchburg schools for a year. Norcross moved with her father to Washington when he was elected to the House of Representatives. A "witty and lively conversationalist", she acted as his hostess in the capital and beginning in 1878, Norcross studied art in New York City under William Merritt Chase at the Art

neg: Tom Kanaly Tom Kanaly Thomas J. Kanaly was an American sports executive with the Boston Athletic Association and the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation. Kanaly was born in Glastonbury, Connecticut, but grew up in Lawrence, Massachusetts after his father, a woolen mill executive, got a job there. He graduated from a business college in Boston and lived in Malden, Massachusetts until 1925, when he moved to Melrose, Massachusetts. Kanaly and his wife had two children. Kanaly joined the Boston Athletic Association in 1911 as an assistant to George V. Brown. When Brown took over management of the Boston Arena in 1921, Kanaly succeeded him

neg: Herbert Schilder Herbert Schilder Herbert Schilder (8 September 1928 in Brooklyn, New York – 25 January 2006 in Newton, Massachusetts) was a dental surgeon. Schilder is best known for the improvements he made to root canal therapies (endodontic therapy) in the 1960s, when he taught at the Boston University School of Dental Medicine. Herbert Schilder received his D.D.S. from New York University, and taught at Tufts University and Temple University prior to permanently joining Boston University in 1958. In his early years after joining Boston University, he founded the specialty program in endodontics to train dentists to become endodontists. He also developed

neg: Boston Bar Association Boston Bar Association The Boston Bar Association (BBA) is a volunteer non-governmental organization in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. With headquarters located at 16 Beacon Street in the historic Chester Harding House, across from the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill, the BBA has 11,000 members drawn from private practice, corporations, government agencies, legal aid organizations, the courts and law schools. It traces its origins to meetings convened by John Adams, the lawyer who provided "pro bono" representation to the British soldiers prosecuted for the Boston Massacre and went on to become the second president of the United States. Governed by

neg: 1972 United States presidential election in Massachusetts by six points, even though it normally voted similarly to Massachusetts. On the county map, McGovern carried nine of the state's fourteen counties, including the most heavily populated parts of the state. The state's capital and largest city, Boston, would prove to be a McGovern stronghold; voters in Suffolk County, where Boston is located, cast 66 percent of the vote for McGovern. Boston is one of the few areas in the country where McGovern actually outperformed Jimmy Carter’s performance four years later in 1976; while Carter won narrow popular and electoral victories nationally, he carried Suffolk County with only 61%.

neg: EverQuote free to insurance-seekers. According to the "Boston Globe", "EverQuote collects referral fees from insurance providers when customers buy policies, but it doesn’t allow companies to pay to be included in its recommendations." EverQuote was founded in 2011 by Seth Birnbaum and Tomas Revesz, who met at MIT. Originally named AdHarmonics, the company was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts. EverQuote was a part of the Cogo Labs incubator program run by the Massachusetts based venture capital firm Link Ventures. In 2013, the company moved to its own office space. In May 2015, MicroStrategy founder Sanju Bansal and Vestmark CEO John Lunny became

neg: Massachusetts government for a mayor-council or manager-council form. Boston is the state capital and largest city in Massachusetts. The population of the city proper is 673,184, and Greater Boston, with a population of 4,628,910, is the 10th largest metropolitan area in the nation. Other cities with a population over 100,000 include Worcester, Springfield, Lowell, and Cambridge. Plymouth is the largest municipality in the state by land area, followed by Middleborough. Massachusetts, along with the five other New England states, features the local governmental structure known as the New England town. In this structure, incorporated towns—as opposed to townships or counties—hold many

neg: New Hampshire provided by Amtrak's "Vermonter" and "Downeaster" lines. Greyhound, Concord Coach, Vermont Translines and Dartmouth Coach all provide intercity bus connections to and from points in New Hampshire and to long-distance points beyond and in between. , Boston-centered MBTA Commuter Rail services reach only as far as northern Massachusetts. The New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority is working to extend "Capital Corridor" service from Lowell, Massachusetts, to Nashua, Concord, and Manchester, including Manchester-Boston Regional Airport; and "Coastal Corridor" service from Haverhill, Massachusetts, to Plaistow, New Hampshire. Legislation in 2007 created the New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority (NHRTA) with the goal of overseeing