query: when did university fees increase to £ 9000

pos: Tuition fees in the United Kingdom year of 2006–07 or later. This was also introduced in Northern Ireland in 2006–07 and introduced in Wales in 2007–08. In 2009–10 the cap rose to £3,225 a year to take account of inflation. Following the Browne Review in 2010, the cap was controversially raised to £9,000 a year, sparking large student protests in London. A judicial review against the raised fees failed in 2012, and so the new fee system came into use that September. Students pay interest on loans. In 2012 this rate was set at the retail price index (RPI) plus up to 3% depending on income.

pos: United Kingdom enterprise law continued through the expansion of university places recommended by the Robbins Report of 1963. However, over the 1980s and 1990s, grants were diminished, requiring students to become ever more reliant on their parents' wealth. Further, appointed in 1996, the Dearing Report argued for the introduction of tuition fees because it said graduates had "improved employment prospects and pay." Instead of funding university through progressive tax, the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 mandated £1000 fees for home students. In England, this rose to £3000 in the Higher Education Act 2004, and £9000 after the Browne Review in 2010 led by

pos: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom is truly worrying for young people." "We are deeply concerned that young people under the age of 18, those whom increased fees will actually hit, haven’t been adequately consulted about the proposed changes to university funding." The Government made the decision to increase University tuition fees to a maximum of £9,000 with a view that higher education institutions should invest some of the extra income from fees above £6,000 in promoting fair access. On 10 November 2010 students staged the first in a series of marches to demonstrate against the proposed increase in the rise in tuition fees. The demonstrations

pos: Susan Martin to freeze tuition, room and board costs and mandatory fees for the following academic year. The initiative became known as “0,0,0” and was enacted with the goal of boosting enrollment and positively affecting the university’s revenues, offsetting a 3.1 percent education funding cut by the Michigan Legislature. The 2010 freeze marked the first time in 30 years the university did not increase tuition costs, after the university made one of the lowest increases among Michigan’s 15 public universities with a 3.8 percent increase in 2009. That year financial aid budgets were increased by 11 percent, approved unanimously by the university’s

pos: Universities in the United Kingdom after the Browne Review in 2010 led by the former CEO of oil corporation BP plc. In 2017, the limit on fees was £9,250 for students in England, £9000 in Wales, and £3,805 in Northern Ireland. The same rates apply for European Union students, who cannot be discriminated against under EU law. By contrast, under the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish government resolved not to introduce tuition fees for students under 25. Under EU law, while the UK Parliament does not abolish tuition fees, that English students are charged tuition fees in Scottish universities while EU students may not be,

pos: Leighton Andrews original plan to merge the two with Cardiff Metropolitan University, formerly UWIC. In November 2010, Andrews announced that, contrary to the policy of the Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition in Westminster, Welsh students would not have to pay £9000 tuition fees no matter where they studied. That policy became one of Welsh Labour's pledges in the 2011 Assembly election and has been delivered throughout this Assembly term. GCSE remarking 2012 In September 2012, Andrews ordered the remarking of several thousand GCSE English papers in Wales that had been affected by a very late change in the marking scheme. His move was greeted

pos: Tuition fees in France Since 2007 universities may opt for an autonomous status. Autonomous universities have the ability to determine certain tuition fees. While undergraduate fees are capped at the level set by the Ministry of Education, post-graduate and doctorate studies may be set freely by the universities. Paris-Dauphine university was one of the first universities to approve a significant increase in the tuition fees for its Masters in 2010 Fees were increased from the then national standard fees of 210 euros to 4000 euros (for family revenus above 80,000 euros).In 2013 90% of French universities had opted for the autonomy status. Higher education

pos: Nick Clegg of the Liberal Democrats with all of the party's MPs, including Nick Clegg, signing the Vote for Students pledge to oppose any increase in student tuition fees prior to the 2010 general election. As part of the coalition agreement the Lib Dems abandoned their pledge to oppose any increase in tuition fees but gained permission to abstain on any vote relating to the increase of tuition fees. The Browne Review recommended that the present cap on student fees be lifted, potentially paving the way for universities to charge much higher fees in the future. Clegg wrote to his MPs saying

pos: California State University San Marcos The Sprinter connects the campus to the major cities of north San Diego County, including Oceanside, Vista and Escondido. The university's first parking garage, the six-floor, 1,605-space Parking Structure I, opened in 2010. In May 2011, the 106,509 gross square foot Social and Behavioral Sciences Building at the north end of the campus opened. For the 2011–2012 academic year, tuition and fees rose to $6,596, a 31% increase attributed to the state's budget crisis; it was the largest such percentage increase in the United States. The university has four colleges: Through summer 2010, the university has conferred a total of

pos: Browne Review agreed to abstain on a vote to increase fees as part of a Liberal-Conservative coalition government which emerged after the 2010 General Election. This would allow the Conservatives to pass an increase in tuition fees or even the removal of the cap on fees without the Liberal Democrats voting them down. The chief executive of Universities UK, Nicola Dandridge, has stated that senior Liberal Democrats have told them that they consider their election manifesto pledge to be "complete nonsense" and that the "visceral" opposition to fees from the party base was not shared by senior figures. Former Liberal Democrat leader

pos: Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix) Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix) "Nick Clegg Says I'm Sorry (The Autotune Remix)", also shortened to "I'm Sorry", is a 2012 song created for the satirical website The Poke by music producer Alex Ross. The song is a remixed version of a video of Nick Clegg (then Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom) apologising for voting in favour of raising tuition fees. The song reached number 143 in the UK Singles Chart. In the 2010 general election, the Liberal Democrats stood on a platform of voting against any increase in university tuition fees and Clegg signed

neg: Vote for Students pledge cap on tuition fees. The coalition government then released proposals for increased tuition fees of up to £9000 each year at some universities. The fees would be covered by student loans, which would only be paid back once the students had graduated and were earning over £21,000. The proposed tuition fee increases led to student demonstrations in London. On the first day of protests Labour's Harriet Harman (who did not sign the pledge) mocked Clegg, saying "During the election [Clegg] hawked himself around university campuses pledging to vote against tuition fees. By the time Freshers' week was over, he had

neg: GeForce 4 series reasonably well for its intended audience, outperforming its closest competitor, the ATI Radeon 7500, as well as the discontinued GeForce 2 Ti and Ultra. When ATI launched its Radeon 9000 Pro in September 2002, it performed about the same as the MX440, but had crucial advantages with better single-texturing performance and proper support of DirectX 8 shaders. However, the 9000 was unable to break the MX440's entrenched hold on the OEM market. Nvidia's eventual answer to the Radeon 9000 was the GeForce FX 5200, but despite the 5200's DirectX 9 features it did not have a significant performance increase compared

neg: Pete Wilson a sales tax on newspapers (which did not have one up to then) and "snack" foods. He also raised car license fees and college tuition; by 1991, tuition fees at the University of California rose by 40%, while they rose by 24% at California State University. Additionally, he raised the income tax in the top bracket temporarily. However, by 1993, the snack tax was repealed by the Democratic state legislature and the sales tax increase expired. On April 26, 1991, Wilson proposed an increase in sales tax by 1 1/4 cents and state taxes by 6.7 billion as part of

neg: Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh Privilege", criticising the princess as having "no connection to education" whilst being a "relic of an age where education was the domain of a privileged elite", stating that her installation was an "outrageous celebration of wealth and privilege" at a time when the University was cutting budgets and raising fees for many students to £9000 a year; others complained that the ceremony caused major disruption to teaching. The Student newspaper labelled the saga "A Fucking Disgrace". As of January 2013 Edinburgh University Students' Association, the students' union, actively boycotts and campaigns against the Princess as Chancellor, calling for her resignation

neg: Universities in the United Kingdom this position for all UK residents, and this continued through the expansion of university places recommended by the Robbins Report of 1963. However, over the 1980s and 1990s, grants were diminished, requiring students to become ever more reliant on their parents' wealth. Further, appointed in 1996, the Dearing Report argued for the introduction of tuition fees because it said graduates had "improved employment prospects and pay." Instead of funding university through progressive tax, the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 mandated £1000 fees for home students. In England, this rose to £3000 in the Higher Education Act 2004, and £9000

neg: Ontario Undergraduate Student Alliance of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University, and the Association of Part-Time Undergraduate Students at the University of Toronto approached the Ontario Federation of Students(OFS) to host a roundtable discussing the prospect of pushing for an increase in tuition fees. When this idea was rejected, the roundtable occurred informally and resulted in the formal incorporation and creation of OUSA. Part-time students at the University of Toronto withdrew from the Alliance, as did Queen's Alma Mater Society, citing concerns over the organization's management in the mid-1990s. Queen's then rejoined the Alliance as an associate member in 2001 and then as a full

neg: TDECU Stadium the largest single donation for the stadium when co-CEOs and co-founders of Austin-based Data Foundry, Ron and Carolyn Yokubaitis donated $10 million USD to the project. Ron Yokubaitis is an alumnus of the University of Houston and former Cougar football player. Houston officials also reported that $60 million had been raised for the stadium, whereas approximately $80–$85 million was needed to break ground on construction. On November 14, 2011, the Student Fees Advisory Committee (SFAC), a joint student-faculty committee which advises university administration about compulsory student fees, recommended an increase of student fees to specifically construct, maintain, and operate athletic

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom levels to be sustained and suggested that an increase in tuition fees should be something that should be an option as the increase in 2006 had no adverse impact on recruitment. On 9 November 2009 Business Secretary Peter Mandelson announced a further review into fees and university funding in England, led by John Browne, former chief executive of BP. Browne, a cross-bencher in the House of Lords and also known as Lord Browne of Madingley, was joined on his panel by David Eastwood, vice-chancellor of the University of Birmingham and Julia King, vice-chancellor of Aston University as well as a

neg: Tertiary education fees in Australia federal budget. University funding is to be a reduced by 2.5%, and university fees are to go up by $2,000 to $3,600 for a four-year course, an increase of 1.8% in 2018, and 7.5% by 2022. From 1 July 2018, the income level at which HECS debt repayments start will be reduced, from $55,000 to $42,000. In 1996, the Howard government permitted universities to create full-fee places on which they could charge full up-front fees to students who missed out on a HECS place (with the notable exception of medical degrees). In 2005, the Howard government permitted universities to increase

neg: University of Chicago Student Government pass the Executive Leadership Remuneration Act (ELRA), which would pay the Student Body President and Vice Presidents a total of $9000 per year, to be paid by Student Life Fees collected from the undergraduate body. The move was widely unpopular among the student population and was seen as self-serving, leading to a grassroots effort to trigger a school-wide referendum on repealing the ELRA bill. Ultimately, the referendum succeeded and the ELRA was repealed by a large margin (the vote count was 1,138 to 531). University of Chicago Student Government The University of Chicago Student Government is the representative student government

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom to increase the number of university places available.<ref name="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8693832.stm"></ref> For the Liberal Democrats the findings of the review were a big unknown and potentially problematic for the party as they had made the abolition of student tuition fees within a period of six years one of their manifesto commitments and many of the party's MPs had signed a National Union of Students pledge stating that they would not vote for any increase in tuition fees. As a result of this potential conflict, the agreement stipulated that the Liberal Democrats could abstain on any vote which may require fees to be

neg: United Kingdom enterprise law the former CEO of oil corporation BP plc. In 2017, the limit on fees was £9,250 for students in England, £9000 in Wales, and £3,805 in Northern Ireland. The same rates apply for European Union students, who cannot be discriminated against under EU law (e.g. "Commission v Austria" (2005) C-147/03). By contrast, under the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish government resolved not to introduce tuition fees for students under 25. Under EU law, while the UK Parliament does not abolish tuition fees, that English students are charged tuition fees in Scottish universities while EU students may not be, because non-discrimination

neg: FeesMustFall student lock-down of the University of Witwatersrand campus the week before following an announcement by the university that fees would be increasing by 10.5% in the following year despite an inflation rate of only around 6% for the same year. The university's chief financial officer stated that the cause of the high increase in fees was: Although the focus of the protests was focused on a rise in fees a number of factors formed the background for the protests from a lack of funding for poorer students to attend university, high incomes for University managers, a real decline in government

neg: Browne Review any legislative change to university funding is introduced" The Government made the decision to increase University tuition fees to a maximum of £9,000 with a view that higher education institutions should invest some of the extra income from fees above £6,000 in promoting fair access. Analysis by the Chartered Institute for Taxation found most graduates will pay off their debt for the rest of their lives if they repay at the lowest possible rate due to the way the debt will increase by RPI inflation plus 3% over the years that the graduates repay it. Someone starting on £21,000 and

neg: FeesMustFall for students from poor backgrounds. This came shortly after outgoing rector of the University of the Free State, Jonathan Jansen told a press conference that he believed that there was no hope for South African universities. A group of students disrupted the Fees commission hearing and blocked University of Cape Town (UCT) vice-chancellor Max Price from leaving the venue. The University of Cape Town suspended its academic project in anticipation of an announcement on the fees situation by Minister Nzimande. At 11AM Blade Nzimande announced that university fees would increase in 2017, but increases would be capped at 8%. He

neg: Texas–Permian Basin Falcons fees allocated to support of athletics. The Legislature and Board of Regents approved the fee increase in summer of 2001 and the university added women's soccer in the fall of 2001, followed by men's and women's basketball in the fall of 2002. The university began offering a limited number of athletic scholarships in 2003 and a second fee increase in the fall of 2003 allowed for the addition of five additional sports for the 2004-05 academic year, when the school added men's and women's cross country, men’s and women’s swimming, and baseball. Major changes to the athletic program occurred in

neg: Fallout of the 2009 Irish government budget University fees were abolished in 1995 by the Fine Gael-Labour government. With university presidents putting pressure on the government to approve this proposal, Brian Lenihan announced an increase in the annual college registration fee by €600 on budget day. The Union of Students in Ireland (USI) arranged a protest in response to claims that any increase in tuition fees would prevent many from attending college. Despite intense garda presence, the 14:00 lunchtime protest of 15,000 students caused widespread traffic disruption in Dublin city centre, with the students gathering in Parnell Square ahead of a steel drum beating march down O'Connell

neg: Longwood University of any infraction of the Honor Code." In 2014, the Longwood Board of Visitors approved the smallest increase in tuition and fees of any Virginia public university in a decade, responding to the rising rate of student loan debt, which President W. Taylor Reveley IV called "unsustainable." In 2015, the Longwood Board of Visitors again approved a tuition and fee increase below 3 percent. Tuition and fees for the 2014-15 academic year was $11,580 for in-state students and $23,350 for out-of-state students. Longwood's main campus comprises approximately 154 acres (0.62 km2) near downtown Farmville, Virginia, in a triangle bordered by

neg: FeesMustFall by R17-billion over 3 years and stated that government subsidies to universities would increase by 10.9% a year. The protests also increased the use of blended learning by South African universities to assist non-protesting students complete their courses. On 7 December the University of Witswatersrand announced that it would be increasing student fees by 8%. During the #feesmustfall protests, Police brutality on students reached an all-time high, many newspaper sources were even quoted saying that it reminded them of the Sharpville Massacre. Police who were deployed at the University of the Witwatersrand during this time did not hesitate to use

neg: Smith River State Recreational Waterway during hot weather or when water flows were low. The research also identified tributaries where certain fish species tended to wander, suggesting that FWP work to target these streams for more intensive protection and management. At the end of 2016, FWP's new biennial rulemaking proposed restricting the size of homemade bear-proof containers, but did not seek to increase any user fees. The Smith River saw 4,607 total users in 2016, a 7 percent increase over the previous year. The Smith River is a State Recreational Waterway. It is not technically a state park. As the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife

neg: Credit agreements in South Africa of credit when the initiation and service fees are added. It is possible that these fees could to a large extent remain hidden, with the emphasis being placed on interest rates (which are more familiar to consumers) when products are marketed. The fees help to keep interest rates lower, which makes credit look cheaper, when in fact credit may not be cheaper. The skewing of credit costs away from interest and towards fees (which are not familiar to consumers) will increase the chances of consumers’ being misled as to the actual cost of credit. Many will be lured into borrowing

neg: Allan Fung Fung proposed reducing the sales tax to five percent, cutting fees, and introducing a concierge service for businesses. His proposed budget for Cranston in 2018 did not include a tax increase. Fung criticized giving health care subsidies to certain corporations calling such a plan "corporate welfare". Also in 2018, Fung did support increasing city spending by $4.4 million; in 2017 he had supported a 2.2% tax increase. For funding education, Fung supports charter schools and wants to increase funding for technical education. Fung described himself as pro-choice on the issue of abortion, but says he is not extreme and supports

neg: Saab 9000 9000 S models, producing . The CD was the four-door sedan body style with a slightly more aerodynamic nose, and was originally available only with the turbocharged engine. At the Birmingham Motor Show in September 1988, Saab premiered the non-turbo model. In late 1989, the CD range in most of the world was expanded downward with the naturally aspirated 2.0-litre inline-four. This change did not happen until late in the 1990 model year for the US market, when Saab introduced the 2.3-litre "B234" normally aspirated engine. The limited edition 9000 CD Griffin was available in 1991 for the 1992 model

neg: TL 9000 9000 is defined by two documents: Reports on defect tracking and other measurements at various levels of granularity are accumulated by TL 9000 compliant facilities of certified organizations by the University of Texas at Dallas, which is the official TL 9000 administrator. These reports are provided at no additional charge to TL 9000 member companies and for an additional fee to TL 9000 Liaison members and non-members. Generally, these measurement data permit a service provider to compare the defect rates among various equipment manufacturers and against each other. TL 9000 TL 9000 is a quality management practice designed by the

neg: Legal profession in Thailand exclusive to the upper classes. Entry into the Thai law schools is based on a merit system and middle class students are generally not restricted by university fees. First, the rise of the middle class, or the chonchan klaang, saw an increase in the number of Thai students in higher education, from 16.1% in 1990 to 44.6% in 2009. Second, the average Thai household in 2009 made 250,836 Baht annually, compared to typical law school fees of 23,570 Baht per academic year. This resulted in a 25 times increase in the number of lawyers in Thailand – in 1960, there

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom proposals during the debate MP Greg Mulholland however said that sometimes governments get things wrong and added "I am voting against the government today because I simply cannot accept that fees of up to £9,000 are the fairest and most sustainable way of funding higher education." Labour's shadow Business Secretary John Denham said that the fees increase had been driven by the government's decision to make deep cuts in university funding alleging that "Even if they had just cut universities the way they are cutting other public services, students would be facing fees of no more than £4,000." Peers in

neg: Conflict of interest and opportunities to do so". They did this in part by innovating to make consumer financial products like retail banking services and home mortgages as complicated as possible to make it easy for them to charge higher fees. Consumers who shop carefully for financial services typically find better options than the primary offerings of the major banks. However, few consumers think to do that. This explains part of this increase in financial industry profits. (Note, however, that Stiglitz has been accused of a conflict of interests and violation of Columbia University transparency policies for failing to disclose his status as

neg: Pay-for-performance (Investment) raw quarterly return as dependent variables. The use of performance fees does not increase funds’ volatility levels relative to funds without such fees. Furthermore, funds with performance fees, on average, offer lower management fees than funds without these fee structures. An additional study by The Journal of Finance explains that one of the advantages to incentive, or performance-based, fees is that they align manager interest with investor interests. On this point, both groups do better when the investment does better. It is argued that management effort is generally higher for funds with performance fees. Since investors realize that funds with

neg: Richard Doll received £15,000 from the Chemical Manufacturers Association, Dow Chemicals, and ICI for a review published in 1988 that concluded that workplace exposure to vinyl chloride did not increase the chance of contracting cancer, with the exception of angiosarcoma of the liver, contradicting two previous reviews by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. Some donations, including a £50,000 gift from asbestos company Turner and Newall, were given in public ceremony to Green College, Oxford, but most fees and payments remained undisclosed to the public, Oxford University and colleagues until his death. His defenders point out that his

neg: Susan Martin board, to $33.7 million for the 2011-2012 school year. A 3.65 percent increase was approved in 2011 and a 3.95 percent increase in 2012. A 3.75 percent increase in room and board fees was approved by EMU’s regents in for the 2013-2014 academic year. The increase was said to strike a balance between affordability and the ability to continue investments in the university’s residence halls, since the university had invested $20 million over five years in its residence halls and dining areas. In 2013, Martin testified before Lansing lawmakers to explain how the university managed to keep costs down for

neg: Smith River State Recreational Waterway before the float season began. Last-minute cancellations were common. If floaters cancelled ahead of time, the Region Four headquarters would assign the permit to the next float group on the waiting list. But many float groups did not cancel ahead of time, and numerous floaters appeared every day at Camp Baker in the hope of obtaining a permit. In 1993, FWP also changed what fees went into the Corridor Enhancement Account. Ten percent of all recreational user fees were deposited in the account, and outfitter fees were increased from $15 per individual to $65 per individual—with the $50 increase going

neg: University of Trier German states of Saarland and Northrhine-Westphalia. This situation has been exacerbated by the introduction of tuition fees in all German states except Rhineland-Palatine, with the University of Trier having experienced an increase in the number of students from other German states—especially the neighbouring states—matriculating or transferring there. The SPD, which is currently the governing party in Rhineland-Palatinate, does not at present plan to introduce tuition fees. The General Students Committee (German: "Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss", or "AStA" for short) put forward a proposal to change the university's official name to the "Karl Marx University of Trier" (German: "Karl-Marx-Universität Trier"), in honour of

neg: Parliamentary parties involved in the 2008 Austrian legislative election program, the SPÖ repeated its calls for abolishing university tuition fees and introducing a comprehensive school ("Gesamtschule") for teenagers aged 10 to 14 instead of the early differentiation between "Hauptschule" and "Gymnasium"; it also called for providing all-day child care across the country, relief for lower and middle incomes and an additional increase of pensions to keep up with inflation. SPÖ MP and university spokesman Josef Broukal announced his withdrawal from politics shortly after the election had been called over the second failed attempt to abolish university tuition fees. On 22 July 2008 SPÖ state secretary for infrastructure Christa Kranzl

neg: La Trobe University Australian universities to increase fees and take in a greater number of full-fee paying students. Despite a large student backlash, La Trobe took advantage of the reforms, increasing fees by 25% in 2005. Around the same time, the university suffered cutbacks in government funding, a problem experienced across most of the Australian higher education sector. La Trobe has lost funding disproportionately across its departments. For instance, the History Department at the university was once by far the largest of any institution in Australia; however, funding restrictions have led to a significant reduction in its size. Similarly, in 1999, the Music

neg: Conrad Appel New Orleans into the state system. He also urged support for a state constitutional amendment to limit how public colleges can increase or implement student fees. Appel won another state Senate term in the primary election held on October 24, 2015, when he defeated fellow Republican and former state Representative John LaBruzzo, 14,701 (57 percent) to 11,109 (43 percent). Appel and his wife, Carol Ann, have two children, Conrad Appel, IV, a student at Southern Methodist University, and Whitney Caroline Appel, a student at American University Conrad Appel Conrad Henry Appel III (born June 17, 1951), is a Metairie, Louisiana,

neg: University of California for graduate and professional students. A detailed analysis of the Compact by the Academic Senate "Futures Report" indicated, despite the large fee increases, the University core budget did not recover to 2000 levels. Undergraduate student fees have risen 90% from 2003 to 2007. In 2011, for the first time in UC's history, student fees exceeded contributions from the State of California. The First District Court of Appeal in San Francisco ruled in 2007 that the University of California owed nearly $40 million in refunds to about 40,000 students who were promised that their tuition fees would remain steady, but were

neg: Bob Rae universities, and enhanced student aid especially for low-income students. The report also suggested that individual institutions ought to be able to determine what rate of tuition fees to charge, free from government controls, which generated controversy. Student groups including the Canadian Federation of Students have objected, noting the significant recent increases in tuition fees in Ontario under the government of Mike Harris, and the 57 per cent increase in tuition fees during Rae's own tenure as premier. Ontario NDP leader Howard Hampton also criticized the report. Rae defended his report, arguing that low income non-university individuals would not benefit from

neg: Union of Kingston Students staff annually. They are headed by the Chief Executive Officer who has three department managers who report to them: KUSU used to run 5 commercial university services such as Alongside: In 2014 when the Union structure changed, it handed over its commercial services to the University. With the rise in tuition fees and the increase of commuter students, the demographic of student had changed and therefore students were not spending as much money in the bars and shops. This meant that the commercial services were costing the Union money to run as opposed to helping the Union make money. The

neg: Tom Bates developments and to increase the fees that developers must pay into the city's Housing Trust Fund. Bates also put up resistance to UC Berkeley's expansion. In 2004, following the release of UC's Long-Range Development Plan, Bates promised to fight the expansion "tooth and nail." Claiming, "The university asked us to sign the equivalent of a blank check," Bates announced that the city would file a $4.1 million lawsuit against the university. After a year of negotiations in which the university agreed to increase its ongoing fiscal support for city services, the lawsuit was settled for $1.2 million. Bates also sponsored

neg: Student Federation of the University of Ottawa campaign was launched in spring 2014 before the Ontario provincial election by the Canadian Federation of Students-Ontario. The objective was to call on the province’s political parties to take action on issues relevant to youth and students. Some issues advocated were lower tuition fees, end illegal college and university ancillary fees, extend OHIP health coverage to international students, end unpaid internships, and improve access to public transit for students. The Hikes Stop Here campaign was launched in 2013 in response to the announcement of the Ontario provincial tuition framework. The framework allows tuition to increase annually up to three percent

neg: 1996 Quebec student protests 1996 Quebec student protests The 1996 Quebec student protests were a result of an increase in post-secondary tuition fees. Between the early 1980s and 1990s, average Canadian university tuition fees more than doubled. Before this time, there had been talk of eliminating tuition fees altogether. In 1976, the Canadian government signed the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. This promised free education at all levels. However, in 1995, the Liberal Government announced a $7 billion funding cut to provincial programs, which includes tuition. Between this time, it was decided by Canadian government and education officials that

neg: University of the Philippines Los Baños of the tuition. Scholarship and loan programs are also offered by some UPLB units, such as the College of Veterinary Medicine. The current rates were introduced in 2007. Previously, base tuition was only ₱300 per unit (since 1989). Library and miscellaneous fees were also increased in 2007, from ₱400 (US$9) per student to ₱1,100 (US$25) and ₱2,000 (US$46), respectively. New fees, such as internet and energy fees, were introduced. The USC sees the over 300 percent increase in tuition as the reason for the low enrollment rate and high student loan levels, which totaled some ₱14 million (US$326,000) in 2007.

neg: California State University, East Bay Associated Students, Inc. The Board makes policy and oversees the fiscal responsibility of ASI. Additionally, the Board assists the University in planning, implementing, and evaluating campus programs, events, and curriculum. ASI currently has four departments: ASI Presents, ASI Business Office, Student Government, and the Early Childhood Education Center. In 2007 the University administration did not allow ASI to hold a student referendum on increasing student fees to fund a recreation and wellness center. It substituted 'alternative consultation'. In 2008, the administration again did not allow ASI to hold a referendum on increasing student fees to fund athletic scholarship for a

neg: 2018 student protest in Albania 2018 student protest in Albania The 2018 student protests in Albania are a series of street protests, demonstrations and online activism events held by the students of the public universities in December 2018 to oppose the high tuition rates. Students across Albania rallied against the moves that were made by the Albanian government to increase the cost of university education, by introducing new fees for exams. The fee comes on top of the dramatically risen university fees, which have failed to lead to any improvement in public education. Protests started on December 4 by the students of the Faculty of

neg: University of Dayton total enrollment are international students. In 2013, the university introduced an innovative net-price tuition plan with a four-year guarantee that a student's grants and scholarships would increase each year to cover any tuition increase. The plan eliminates additional fees and includes an option for free books. The plan drew national coverage from "The Chronicle of Higher Education", "Governing" magazine and was favorably reviewed by consumer advocate Clark Howard. Tuition for the 2017-18 academic year is $41,750. The University of Dayton Research Institute has performed more than $2 billion in total sponsored research since its inception. The University performed a record-high

neg: Universities in the United Kingdom not subsidise the tuition fees. (There is also the non-profit Richmond, The American International University in London which essentially offers an American liberal arts education; this is not a UK university but is accredited by the American Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.) In April 2017 the House of Commons voted to increase the cap on tuition fees to £9,250 per year, which took effect for students starting in September 2017. Students in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are also eligible for a means-tested grant, and many universities provide bursaries to poor students. Non-European Union students are not subsidised

neg: History of North Carolina State University in student fees that would pay for the renovation of the Talley Student Center and the Atrium Food Court. A record turnout of 19% of the student body voted 61% against the fee increase, but the student senate and university administration overruled the students' decision and enacted the fee anyway. The renovation project was complete in 2016. NCSU Libraries Special Collections Research Center maintains a website devoted to NC State history entitled Historical State. "Yearly counts were made until 1920, when yearly enrollment counts were replaced with seasonal (spring, summer, fall, winter) counts; separate summer session counts were introduced from

neg: Tertiary education fees in Australia reforms (for consultation). In the 2017 Australian federal budget, University funding will be reduced by 2.5%. University fees will go up by $2,000 to $3,600 for a four-year course, an increase of 1.8% in 2018, and 7.5% by 2022. From 1 July 2018, the income level at which HECS debt repayments start will be reduced, from $55,000 to $42,000. In 2007, HECS places became known as Commonwealth supported places (CSP). The Commonwealth government determines the number and allocation of undergraduate Commonwealth supported places with each public higher education provider each year, through the Commonwealth Grant Scheme (CGS). A CSP is

neg: 2010 United Kingdom student protests the scheduled vote to raise university tuition fees. A field tent was set up on the green providing emergency first aid to protesters as well as tea and food within the containment area. Around 30 protesters were treated, most for head injuries. On 30 November, following the third main day of protesting, the Welsh Assembly announced that it would not permit an increase in fees for Welsh students. A reporter from the BBC noted that this meant that if the plans went through in England, "it would mean that an English student at a university in England could pay more

neg: Uttarayana a start of winter. When equinox slides it will increase ayanamsha and Makar Sankranti will also slide. In 1000 AD, Makara Sankranti was on Dec 31 and now it falls on January 14; after 9000 years when Makara Sankranti will be in June. It would seem absurd to have Uttarayana in June when sun is about to begin its ascent upwards —Dakshinayana. This misconception continues as there is not much difference between actual Uttarayana date which occurs a day after winter solstice (of Dec 21) when the sun makes the northward journey, and January 14. However, the difference will be

neg: Tuition fees in the United Kingdom rise with inflation. Maintenance grants are also available to current students in England, although these are scheduled to cease with the 2016–17 academic year. Maintenance loans are available for living costs, and these are means tested. These loans are scheduled to increase in size for 2016–17, when the maintenance grant system is phased out. There will be a vote in the autumn to consider a further increase effective with the 2017–18 year. Several universities have already advertised fees of £9,250 for the year in anticipation of such a vote passing.In October 2017, the Prime Minister Theresa May announced that tuition

neg: Shayne Murphy to their policies on logging. In the 2001–04 Parliament, Murphy shared the balance of power with Senators Len Harris, Brian Harradine and Meg Lees, who left the Australian Democrats in 2002. This meant that the government could pass legislation through the Senate only by winning the support of these Senators. Murphy often voted with the government to pass key pieces of legislation. An example of this was Education Minister Brendan Nelson's higher education reforms, which allowed universities to increase fees. Murphy did, however, vote down several pieces of government legislation; most notably when, in March 2004, Murphy joined with Harradine

neg: Linn 9000 The Linn 9000 had innovative and groundbreaking features and would influence many future drum machine designs. But chronic software bugs led to a reputation for unreliability and contributed to the eventual demise of Linn Electronics. The Linn 9000 would get a new lease on life when Forat Music and Electronics purchased Linn's remaining assets, fixed all of the bugs, added new features and dubbed it the Forat F9000. The Linn 9000 would be Roger Linn's first attempt to create an integrated sampling/sequencing/MIDI work station. He would draw heavily on the Linn 9000 and the Sequential Circuits Inc. Studio 440 when

neg: Claude Lajeunesse raising tuition fees, and union busting. At both Ryerson and Concordia, Lajeunesse made the controversial first step of giving himself a 50% pay raise, and increases of 20-50% for his immediate entourage. Lajeunesse defended his actions stating that the pay increase brought parity with other universities in Canada. Unions were critical of the move, however, as their membership had gone without wage increases for 5 years and the university's offer of a 2.5% increase did not address parity or even the cost of living increase. Union members were also required to give up job security while Lajeunesse and the administration

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom against them." The white paper stated that the fees would only be repaid once the graduate earned over £15,000 a year.<ref name="www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8057871/Grants-loans-and-tuition-fees-a-timeline-of-how-university-funding-has-evolved.html"></ref> The likelihood of a backbench rebellion from Labour MPs forced Clarke to introduce a number of concessions to the rebels in order to avoid a Commons defeat in a vote held on 27 January 2004. Amendments to the bill included an increase in the amount poorer students could claim in a maintenance grant, a promise to review the £3,000 cap after three years and the promise to write off all student debt after 25 years. Eventually the vote

neg: Browne Review that under the current arrangements students were a "burden on the taxpayer that had to be tackled" although he also stated he did not want to pre-empt the findings of Lord Browne. The Liberal Democrats have traditionally supported free higher education but downgraded this pledge because it was seen to be an unaffordable spending commitment. The Liberal Democrats had promised to abolish tuition fees over 6 years. All the elected Liberal Democrat MPs, as well as a number of others, also signed the NUS Vote for Students pledge, promising to vote against any proposed increase in fees. The Liberal Democrats

neg: Net neutrality to $11 billion a year. Financial website "Nerd Wallet" did their own assessment and settled on a possible US$6.25 billion tax impact, estimating that the average American household may see their tax bill increase US$67 annually. FCC spokesperson Kim Hart said that the ruling "does not raise taxes or fees. Period." However, the opposing commissioner, Ajit Pai, claims that "the plan explicitly opens the door to billions of dollars in new taxes on broadband ... These new taxes will mean higher prices for consumers and more hidden fees that they have to pay." Pai explained, "One avenue for higher bills

neg: Skien Airport, Geiteryggen Haugesund to Stavanger and Bergen, and did not want another regional airline in Rogaland. Both airlines had their applications rejected by the ministry. When the contract to operate Skien Airport was to be renewed in 1978, a local political debate broke out regarding whether the municipality should be subsidizing the airport all the time there was a train service to the capital. The contract was renewed and Norving continued to take advantage of both a free hangar and no landing fees. Following a twenty percent growth on the Oslo–Skien route in 1978, Norving applied to increase the size of the

neg: Fanne Foxe did not run for re-election in 1976. After the Mills incidents, Foxe continued working as a stripper, changing her stage title from "The Argentine Firecracker" to "The Tidal Basin Bombshell". Capitalizing on her notoriety, she was able to increase her appearance fees for subsequent performances at clubs. When hired by Michael Pinter Jr. for a December '74 show at Club Juana in Orlando, Florida she upped her fee for a two-week stint from $3,500 to $15,000 a week. On December 12, 1974, during the first week of her engagement, she was arrested for indecent exposure, allegedly after going completely nude

neg: Emotional support animal for a service animal or emotional support animal, a landlord may not charge the tenant additional fees in association with the presence of the animal in the rental property. This prohibition extends to pet deposits and fees, even when those fees are charged to other tenants who have pets. A landlord may charge a tenant for damage cause to a rental property by the tenant's emotional support animal, and may deduct the cost of repairs from the tenant's security deposit, but may not increase the security deposit based upon the tenant's possession of an emotional support animal. Exceptions may apply

neg: Water privatization in Metro Manila network, including in poor neighborhoods, and achieved a significant increase in access. Maynilad, however, was not satisfied with the result of the first amendment of the concession contract. It still refused to pay concession fees to MWSS, which the latter needed to repay its legacy debt. The amount of unpaid concession fees reached Pesos 5 billion. Eventually, in December 2002 Maynilad requested the early termination of the contract. Despite the tariff increases and the lowered targets, Maynilad went bankrupt in 2003. The government did not call on Maynilad's performance bond, but rather took on three new foreign currency loans with

neg: FeesMustFall Higher Education concluded that a 0% fee increase would be unsustainable and recommended an inflation-related increase for South Africa's universities in 2017. Calls were made on social media for students to shut down universities on 15 August. These purportedly came from the South African Union of Students. Later in the day Minister for Higher Education, Blade Nzimande called for calm stating that no decision had (yet) been reached about fees. Meanwhile, ANC secretary general Gwede Mantashe reaffirmed the National Executive Committee's prevailing policy of no fee increases at South African universities. Protests at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and Mangosuthu University

neg: Careers (board game) another player are "knocked to the park bench" in one corner of the board, where they must throw an even number or 5, 7 or 11 to move on. Another corner has a square for a "Bermuda holiday" where players throwing below 7 can stay and accumulate happiness points. Another corner has a square for hospital fees, which must be paid to the bank or to another player who has obtained a medical degree by going to the 'university' occupation path. Occupation paths offer opportunities to collect extra points and to increase the annual salary, which is collected when passing

neg: Care Quality Commission November 2015 it was stated that CQC have a database support contract with Computacenter which costs approximately £700,000 per annum; the contract expires in September 2016 with the option of a 1 year extension. Substantial increases are expected in future years as it moves to a full cost recovery basis. NHS Providers described the decision to increase fees as "regrettable". For 2016/7 fees will increase by 75% as its government funding is reduced by 25%. The increase in fee levels has been criticised by the Registered Nursing Home association (RNHA), Care England and the Voluntary Organisations Disability Group (VODG). Fees

neg: Harlaw Academy school through Second World War, the rebuilding programme, and the changes that came with the abolition of fees in 1947. When she retired in 1954 the school had over 1,000 pupils and a steadily increasing number of girls from First to Fourth Year were going on to university, colleges and other institutions for further education. Rose was succeeded by M. McNab, M.A., whose years of office saw great changes in organisation, two of which were radical. One was the phasing out of the primary department, which ceased to exist at the end of Session 1970-71, with an accompanying gradual increase

neg: College tuition in the United States colleges and universities that students can 'afford more,' and then, in response, institutions of higher education raise tuition to match, leaving the student back where he began, but deeper in debt. College fees begin to accumulate when people start college, such as orientation and freshman fees, and additional charges upon your departure, such as senior and commencement fees. In 1987, then-Secretary of Education William Bennett argued that “... increases in financial aid in recent years have enabled colleges and universities blithely to raise their tuitions, confident that Federal loan subsidies would help cushion the increase.” This statement came to be

neg: Rulaizong the club declined the accusation of the extra fee, according to the regulations of university clubs in Taiwan, these clubs were responsible to report other revenues besides the club fees. The club at the National Taiwan Normal University did not report the extra fees to the university, leading the university to launch an investigation. After the clip about Chiang Shu-na shaking for 20 seconds during an activity organized by Rulaizong was revealed, the Shakyamuni Buddhist Foundation criticized the behavior as the result of a strange power that made believers act crazy. A psychologist said that Chiang's behavior was something like

neg: HP 9000 resulting support code was later added to 4.4BSD. Its modern variants NetBSD and OpenBSD also support various HP 9000 models, both Motorola 68k and PA-RISC based. In the early 1990s, several Unix R&D systems were ported to the PA-RISC platform, including several attempts of OSF/1, various Mach ports and systems that combined parts of Mach with other systems (MkLinux, Mach 4/Lites). The origin of these ports were mostly either internal HP Labs projects or HP products, or academic research (mostly the University of Utah). HP 9000 HP 9000 is a line of workstation and server computer systems produced by the

neg: Jean Charest from the 2007 federal budget; reduction of hospital wait times; improvement and increase of French courses at school; an increase of the number of daycare spaces; and an increase in tuition fees for university students ($50 per semester until 2012). The last measure was met with criticism from students' associations, and a more-radical student association, the Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante (formerly known as the CASSEE) had also considered a strike. Charest won a minority government in the election, and held onto his own seat. On election night, early numbers had showed Charest losing his seat of Sherbrooke to

neg: HAL 9000 (which was predicted to increase) rather than principle. HAL is listed as the 13th-greatest film villain in the AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains. The 9000th of the asteroids in the asteroid belt, discovered on May 3, 1981 by E. Bowell, at Anderson Mesa Station, is named after HAL 9000. HAL was featured in a guest role in the game "LEGO Dimensions", where he is summoned by the player in the "Portal 2" level to distract GLaDOS. Nintendo collaborator and development studio HAL Laboratory, developer of the Kirby video game series and previous Super Smash Bros video game titles, presumably

neg: ISO 9000 al." (2007) identified operational improvements (e.g., cycle time reduction, inventory reductions) as following from certification. Internal process improvements in organizations lead to externally observable improvements. The benefit of increased international trade and domestic market share, in addition to the internal benefits such as customer satisfaction, interdepartmental communications, work processes, and customer/supplier partnerships derived, far exceeds any and all initial investment. The increase in ISO 9001 certification is shown in the tables below. The ISO 9000 series are based on seven quality management principles (QMP) The seven quality management principles are: Principle 1 – Customer focus Principle 2 – Leadership Principle

neg: Janet Conney v. The Regents of the University of California refused to hear the appeal filed by the Regents of the University of California. The judge also awarded $515,450 in attorney’s fees. With interest and appellate attorney’s fees, the total award over $4 million. Janet Conney v. The Regents of the University of California Janet Conney v. The Regents of the University of California, et al., was a case in which the Los Angeles County Superior Court, Second Appellate District, Division Seven awarded $2.95-million judgment against the University of California in a sex discrimination and retaliation case. The Regents' general counsel stated they did not believe the allegation was supported

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom cost of the fees UK and EU students could take out a tuition fee loan meaning that there would be no requirement to pay fees upfront. The loan, which would not depend on household income, would be paid directly to the university or college from the student loans company. The act also established the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) in an effort to ensure that the "introduction of higher tuition fees in 2007-08 did not deter people from entering higher education for financial reasons". It also would ensure that "universities and colleges were explicitly committed to increasing participation in higher

neg: Jumbo frame to accommodate the maximum frame size required. As it has been a relatively difficult, and somewhat lengthy, process to increase the path MTU of high performance national research and education networks from 1500 bytes to 9000 bytes or so, a subsequent increase, possibly to 64,000 bytes for example, may take some time. The main factor involved with an increase in the maximum segment size (MSS) is an increase in the available memory buffer size in all of the intervening persistence mechanisms along the path. The main benefit of this is the reduction of the packet rate, both at end nodes

neg: WSVN digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 8 to channel 7. The station was one of four that operated digital signals on the VHF band to be granted a power increase later that month after stations experienced signal problems on VHF that did not occur with the UHF band following the transition. On January 14, 2012, WSVN and Boston sister stations WHDH and WLVI were pulled from DirecTV after negotiations with Sunbeam Television on a new carriage contract broke down due to a proposal to increase retransmission fees paid to the company by a reported 300%. In response, a

neg: Mälardalen University College education in classical music and opera. Education at the research level is given within a dozen subjects. The university was sued in 2016 by US student Connie Askenbäck, because the education in mathematics she received at the institution when she studied there 2011-13 did not live up to academic standards on 4 out of 5 criteria set by the Swedish Higher Education Authority (Swedish: "Universitetskanslerämbetet", "UKÄ") and consequently she demanded back her tuition fees which non-EU students pay in Sweden. The university contested her claim but the district court ruled in her favour. The university lost again at the courts

neg: Myra Crownover which authorized the higher student fees at UNT to pay for Apogee Stadium. This was similar to when she created a bill to increase the athletics fee at Texas Woman's University up to $125 per semester. In 2011, she strongly advocated for HB 1, which cut funding for higher education in Texas by $1 billion.<ref name="DRC 6/1/11"></ref> With numerous investments in natural gas and oil production, Crownover earns dividends from Devon Energy, a natural gas production company based in Oklahoma City, Apache Corporation, and various other energy companies. Despite this, Crownover has served on the Committee for Energy Resources since

neg: Mary Mitchell O'Connor she held until her election to the Dáil. She lives in Cabinteely, Dublin. She is divorced and has two sons from her marriage. In 2004, as a Progressive Democrats candidate, she was elected to Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council. As a Councillor, she campaigned against the reintroduction of university fees, against the budget-related increase in pupil-teacher ratios. She also took part in the Sandycove Tidy Towns campaign. In 2006, when the Maritime Museum closed, she called on the council to financially support it. In December 2007, she resigned from the Progressive Democrats and joined Fine Gael. Welcoming her to the party,

neg: UT Arlington Mavericks half the total athletic budget. In April 2004, UT Arlington students voted by a 2-to-1 margin to increase their student athletic fees by $2 per semester-credit hour should the university reinstate football and begin women's golf and soccer teams. President James D. Spaniolo, who just began his post leading the school, decided to pursue a new multi-purpose venue, which materialized when College Park Center opened in 2012. He also made the announcement to relook at adding football in five years. The men's golf team has won four Southland Conference Championships, while finishing as the runner-up eight times. During that time,

neg: Orange UK contract. Orange reverted their decision, and the price hikes did not go ahead. In December 2011, Orange sent a text to its customer base to notify them that they were increasing monthly contract fees by just below RPI rates. They imposed a 4.34% increase, coming into effect on 8 January. It was identified that the clause that supposedly allowed Orange to increase by inflation mid-contract, clause 4.3.1, was flawed as it referenced a Statistical Office which no longer exists. Specifically, Orange referenced "the All Items Index of Retail Prices published by the Central Statistical Office in the Monthly Digest of

neg: FeesMustFall protests and a campus lock down. They refused to disperse or write exams until university management had dealt with concerns over fee increases and issues of corruption. Students at the University of Stellenbosch handed over a memorandum of grievances to university management outlining their complaints whilst students at Rhodes University continued their protests. At the University of Witwatersrand students rejected a proposed compromise by the university to cap fee increases at 6% and instead demanded that there be no increase in fees. On Wednesday 21 October 2015 students from both the University of Cape Town as well as the Cape

neg: Non-denial denial writing: "We will not introduce 'top-up' fees and have legislated to prevent them." The increase of university fees up to £3000 was voted for before the next election in 2005, but implemented in 2006. Therefore, the British government explained that the manifesto in 2001 was only valid for the period up to the election in 2005. Investigative journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada used the phrase in their 2006 book "Game of Shadows" to characterize an ambiguous response by retired major league baseball star Mark McGwire during a congressional hearing on steroids in baseball: Statements made in 2008 by the

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom measure she said that ministers had "failed miserably" to produce evidence that scrapping the endowment would increase the numbers of people going to university. Following devolution, the Welsh Assembly was given what were known as "secondary legislative powers" which meant that unlike their Scottish counterparts, they were only able to vary some laws set by Parliament in London. The assembly could vary specified devolved issues including setting and monitoring school standards, the content of the national curriculum and the training and supply of teachers. The cap on the amount of tuition fees that Welsh universities could charge rose to £3000

neg: 2010 United Kingdom student protests fees, all of which he had subsequently broken. Hunt stated that making the public university system in Britain "the most expensive in the world" wasn't fair, that discouraging young people from going to college was not progressive, and that the increase in tuition fees represented further debts for students. The rally was also addressed by NUS President Aaron Porter and the Trades Union Congress Deputy general secretary Frances O'Grady. O'Grady offered the message to the government that: "Don't you dare tell us we're all in this together. The deficit certainly wasn't caused by the students." The protest was scheduled to

neg: Premiership of Tony Blair a certain threshold. In 2003, Blair introduced legislation permitting universities to charge variable fees of up to £3,000 per year. At the same time, the repayment of student loans was delayed until the graduate's income was much higher, and grants were reintroduced for some students from poorer backgrounds. It was claimed the increase in university fees violated a promise in Labour's 2001 general election manifesto, though this claim is arguably unsustainable if the relevant promise is interpreted strictly and literally. At its second reading in the House of Commons in January 2004, the Higher Education Bill which contained the changes

neg: Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom not have enough money to pay our staff." The vote on 27 January 2004 caused controversy as, because of the close nature of the result, the votes of MPs with constituencies in Scotland proved crucial in terms of getting it through. With university funding devolved in Scotland, the result of any increase in tuition fees would not affect students who chose to live and study in Scotland. Peter Duncan, the Conservatives' only Scottish MP, had abstained from the vote saying "This is a dark day for British democracy, and the actions of Scottish MPs are reprehensible... The constitutionally cavalier actions

neg: Higher education in the Philippines of the Philippines" have changed their meanings over time. SUCs are confronted by annual budget cutbacks. As a result, these schools impose enrolment quotas and increase fees. In recent years, tuition and miscellaneous fees in the SUCs have seen huge increases. In 2007, the University of the Philippines hiked its tuition by 300 percent, from PHP 300 to PHP 1,000 per unit, while Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology implemented a 600 percent tuition hike, from PHP 15 per unit to PHP 100 per unit, resulting in a 50 percent drop in enrollment. During the same period, the

neg: Nokia 9000 Communicator The 9xxx Communicators introduced features which later evolved into smartphones. The Nokia 9000 Communicator received several awards including: The Nokia 9000 is used by Val Kilmer when he played Simon Templar in the 1997 remake of "The Saint", and by Anthony Hopkins and Chris Rock in the action comedy "Bad Company". The phone is also mentioned in Bret Easton Ellis' book "Glamorama". Nokia. (1996, Aug 15). First GSM-based communicator product hits the market Nokia Starts Sales of the Nokia 9000 Communicator. Retrieved Apr 30, 2016, from Nokia: http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/1996/08/15/first-gsm-based-communicator-product-hits-the-market-nokia-starts-sales-of-the-nokia-9000-communicator Nokia. (1997, Apr 9). Nokia 9000 Communicator makes a visible appearance in

neg: University for the Creative Arts joined forces in 2005 to become the "University College for the Creative Arts at Canterbury, Epsom, Farnham, Maidstone and Rochester". In May 2008 the University College for Creative Arts was granted full university status by the Privy Council, and adopted its current name, the University for the Creative Arts, officially in September 2008. Following the election of a Coalition government, the Department for Business Innovation and Skills introduced legislation to increase tuition fees while reducing government spending on Higher Education in real terms and the University for the Creative Arts was revealed to be the fourth most-cut university in England

neg: 2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election candidate most vociferously opposed to the government's proposed top-up fees, and so received the endorsement of the Oxford University Student Union. However, as most of the union's members were undergraduates, they did not have a vote in the election itself. Lord Neill also declared himself opposed to top-up fees, but said in his candidates' statement that he preferred not to make this the basis of his campaign. Polling ran over two days, on 14 and 15 March 2003. The results went to two rounds before one candidate secured more than 50% of the vote. 2003 University of Oxford Chancellor election