query: where did the scopes monkey trial take place

pos: Scopes Trial Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so

pos: Scopes Trial Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so

pos: Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. The story is set in summer 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, and is based on the Scopes Trial. Frances Robinson, a fifteen-year-old daydreamer, lives in Dayton, a small town in Tennessee. When the summer starts, she wants only to play tennis and drink Coke. However, things bounce out of normal range when her father, the school board chairman, arrests local teacher (and Frances' friend and love interest) John Scopes for teaching Charles Darwin's evolution theory in class, in an effort

pos: Lisa the Skeptic raised of why angels or other spiritual entities would even leave skeletons behind in the first place. The scene in the courtroom where Lisa is put on trial for stealing the skeleton is seen as a reference to the 1920s Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, Tennessee, which dealt with issues of separation of church and state and the debate between creationism and evolution. The publicity stunt created by the mall developers in the episode has been compared to scientific hoaxes such as the Cardiff Giant and the Piltdown Man. When Lisa asks if the townspeople are outraged at the end

pos: The Great Monkey Trial County Courthouse), and a couple of visits to Dayton. The book also contains several political cartoons published at the time of the trial. Several critics have referred to the book as the definitive or comprehensive account of the Scopes Trial. In the preface, de Camp states that the books goal is to "tell the story of the Scopes evolution trial of 1925, at Dayton, Tennessee, as truthfully as possible." De Camp rejects previous descriptions of the trial such as "a witch hunt", "a travesty of justice", or "a deathblow to Fundamentalism." Instead, de Camp classifies the trial as one battle

pos: Civic Biology Civic Biology A Civic Biology: Presented in Problems (usually referred to as just Civic Biology) was a biology textbook written by George William Hunter, published in 1914. It is the book which the state of Tennessee required high school teachers to use in 1925 and is best known for its section about evolution that was ruled by a local court to be in violation of the state Butler Act. It was for teaching from this textbook that John T. Scopes was brought to trial in Dayton, Tennessee in the Scopes "Monkey" Trial. The views espoused in the book about evolution,

pos: Paul Y. Anderson to Dayton, Tennessee, to cover the Scopes "Monkey Trial", in which public school teacher, John Scopes was put on trial for teaching evolution. As a result of these assignments, Anderson became friends with such prominent people as Clarence Darrow, and H.L. Mencken. In 1925 Anderson contributed to an investigation which led to the resignation of Federal Judge George W. English, and in 1926 he debunked an AP story that stated that the socialist government of Mexico was attempting to "establish a "Bolshevik hegemony" between the US and the Panama Canal". Finding no evidence for the charge, Anderson wrote a story

pos: H. L. Mencken and creationism, and against the "Booboisie," his word for the ignorant middle classes. In the summer of 1925, he attended the famous Scopes "Monkey Trial" in Dayton, Tennessee, and wrote scathing columns for the Baltimore "Sun" (widely syndicated) and "American Mercury" mocking the anti-evolution Fundamentalists (especially William Jennings Bryan). The play "Inherit the Wind" is a fictionalized version of the trial, and, as noted above, the cynical reporter E.K. Hornbeck is based on Mencken. In 1926, he deliberately had himself arrested for selling an issue of "The American Mercury" that was banned in Boston under the Comstock laws. Mencken heaped

pos: John T. Scopes in effigy, and taunted by a fire-snorting preacher. William Jennings Bryan (Matthew Harrison Brady) is portrayed as an almost comical fanatic who dramatically dies of a "busted belly" while attempting to deliver his summation in a chaotic courtroom. The townspeople are shown as frenzied, mean-spirited, and ignorant. None of that happened in Dayton, Tennessee, during the actual trial. The results of the Scopes Trial affected the life of John T. Scopes professionally and personally. The public image of Scopes was mocked in animation, cartoonists, and other mediums in the following years. Scopes himself retreated from the public eye and focused

neg: Rhea County Courthouse many original features, including the main courtroom on the second floor, where the Scopes Monkey Trial took place. The building was constructed in 1890-91, after Dayton was named the county seat, replacing Washington. It was designed by W. Chamberlain and Co., architects from Knoxville, Tennessee, and was built by contractors from Chattanooga. In July 1925 the courthouse was the scene of one of the mostly widely reported trials of the 1920s, the Scopes Trial. Essentially cooked up as a publicity stunt by locals after passage of the state's Butler Act banned the teaching of biological evolution in public schools, science

neg: The Monkey Suit peoples religious beliefs, she just doesn't think it's proper for the church to dominate the school in the same way that him and Reverend Lovejoy don't want scientists taking over the church. Ned finds himself agreeing with this and offers to take Lisa and his sons out for ice cream. "The Monkey Suit" was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Raymond S. Persi as part of the seventeenth season of "The Simpsons" (2005–2006). Burns received inspiration for the episode from the Scopes Monkey Trial, a 1925 legal case in which high school science teacher John Scopes was accused

neg: The Great Monkey Trial The Great Monkey Trial The Great Monkey Trial is a book on the Scopes Trial by L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1968. The book is a non-fiction account of the trial, as well as its social and political context and impact. This history of the trial was based on the archives of the A.C.L.U., assorted newspaper files, correspondence and interviews with over a dozen of those present at the trial, books and magazine articles written on trial (including the memoirs of John T. Scopes and the official record of the trial in the Rhea

neg: The Monkey Suit of violating Tennessee's Butler Act which made teaching evolution unlawful. Clarice Drummond, the ACLU lawyer who represents Lisa, is a reference to the ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow who defended Scopes, while Wallace Brady is a reference to William Jennings Bryan, an attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. American actor Larry Hagman guest starred in the episode as Wallace Brady, while American actress Melanie Griffith played herself as the narrator of an audio tour at the museum. Burns did research for "The Monkey Suit" by reading Richard Dawkins' book "The Selfish Gene" and watching "Inherit the Wind" (a film based on

neg: The Great Monkey Trial a few relating to the dates of his own interviews. The Scopes Trial was also the subject of a chapter in "Darwin and His Great Discovery", written by the author in collaboration with his wife Catherine Crook de Camp and published in 1972. The Great Monkey Trial The Great Monkey Trial is a book on the Scopes Trial by L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1968. The book is a non-fiction account of the trial, as well as its social and political context and impact. This history of the trial was based on the archives

neg: The Great Monkey Trial one of the scientists who testified for the defense in the Scopes Trial, spoke highly of the book in a review that appeared in "Science". Mathers referred to the book as the definitive account of the Scopes trial, praising its ability to capture both the atmosphere and the human element of the trial. Mathers also highly commended the research that went into the book. However, he notes one instance where he feels that de Camp misrepresents thoughts that may have gone through trial members' minds as things which were actually said in court. Mathers also notes several typographic errors, including

neg: Inherit the Wind (play) Inherit the Wind (play) Inherit the Wind is an American play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, which debuted in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials. The debate over creationism versus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the play's numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run. "Inherit the Wind" is a fictionalized account of the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial, which resulted in John T. Scopes' conviction for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to a high school science class, contrary to a

neg: Carson Robison the Old '97" b/w "The Prisoner's Song" (1924), widely regarded as country music's first million-seller. During this period, Robison also became a successful composer of "event" songs, which recounted current events or tragedies in a predictable fashion, usually concluding in a moral lesson. Some popular examples of his topical compositions include "The Wreck of the Shenandoah", "Remember Pearl Harbor", "The Wreck of the Number Nine", and "The John T. Scopes Trial", about the famous Scopes Monkey Trial. In 1928, after Dalhart made a personnel change without consulting Robison, their relationship ended. Although the breakup did not prove lucrative for either

neg: Monkey Town (novel) to attract publicity to the town. Scopes is put on trial. Frances takes Scopes' side and defies her father, even though the case is not completely genuine. Notable people such as politician William Jennings Bryan (prosecutor of Scopes), lawyer Clarence Darrow (defender of Scopes), and journalist H. L. Mencken arrive in Dayton, along with a horde of reporters, and drama stirs. The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books reviewed "Monkey Town", stating that "Though the book rewrites a few bits of history to make its point, it's not the wholesale revisioning of "Inherit the Wind", and the story is

neg: Cause lawyer For example, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) famously defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial. In 1925, Tennessee passed the Butler Act which outlawed the teaching of evolution. The ACLU offered to defend anyone arrested for teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act. High school biology teacher. Scopes urged students to testify against him and he was eventually arrested under the Butler Act. Clarence Darrow defended Scopes on behalf of the ACLU. Although Scopes lost at trial, the proceedings were heavily publicized and changed public opinion on the role of faith in public schools. Legal advocacy groups

neg: The Monkey Suit propaganda, by an instructional video used in the school (that shows a drunken Charles Darwin passionately kissing Satan) as well as by the prosecuting attorney. This allows for a somewhat leftist discussion of the issue, but ultimately is unable to address the rise of Christian fundamentalism in the United States [...]". Gournelos noted that the episode focuses on the old Scopes Monkey Trial and does not address contemporary creation–evolution debates, adding: "Interestingly, "The Simpsons" continues to place creationism at a higher popular plain than evolution, as the jury and trial audience are obviously biased towards the creationists (who, unlike in

neg: Scopes Trial be willing to stand trial." Scopes urged students to testify against him and coached them in their answers. He was indicted on May 25, after three students testified against him at the grand jury; one student afterwards told reporters, "I believe in part of evolution, but I don't believe in the monkey business." Judge John T. Raulston accelerated the convening of the grand jury and "... all but instructed the grand jury to indict Scopes, despite the meager evidence against him and the widely reported stories questioning whether the willing defendant had ever taught evolution in the classroom". Scopes was

neg: Clarence Darrow worth over $375,000 in 2016. In 1925, Darrow defended John T. Scopes in the "State of Tennessee v. Scopes" trial. It has often been called the "Scopes Monkey Trial," a title popularized by author and journalist H.L. Mencken. The trial, which was deliberately staged to bring publicity to the issue at hand, pitted Darrow against William Jennings Bryan in a court case that tested Tennessee's Butler Act, which had been passed on March 21, 1925. The act forbade the teaching of "the Evolution Theory" in any state-funded educational establishment. More broadly, it outlawed in state-funded schools (including universities) the teaching

neg: Scopes Trial its most colorful labels such as the "Monkey Trial" of "the infidel Scopes". It was also the first United States trial to be broadcast on national radio. The ACLU had originally intended to oppose the Butler Act on the grounds that it violated the teacher's individual rights and academic freedom, and was therefore unconstitutional. Principally because of Clarence Darrow, this strategy changed as the trial progressed. The earliest argument proposed by the defense once the trial had begun was that there was actually no conflict between evolution and the creation account in the Bible; later, this viewpoint would be called

neg: The Great Monkey Trial and the Inquisition's Condemnation of Galileo, as well as more poetic statements on human nature from Shakespeare and Lewis Carroll. Reviews praised the book for its comprehensiveness. Several reviewers have commended the book for providing a factual and unbiased portrayal of the full story of the trial, as opposed to the fictionalized "Inherit the Wind" or the one-sided H.L. Mencken reporting that they claim shaped previous public perception of the Scopes trial. Some have held that this and other "books written specifically about the Scopes trial serve ... to reinforce the spirit of ridicule" associated with the trial. Kirtley Mathers,

neg: Scopes Trial the repeal of the Butler Law in Tennessee in 1967. Edward J. Larson, a historian who won the Pulitzer Prize for History for his book "Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion" (2004), notes: "Like so many archetypal American events, the trial itself began as a publicity stunt." The press coverage of the "Monkey Trial" was overwhelming. The front pages of newspapers like "The New York Times" were dominated by the case for days. More than 200 newspaper reporters from all parts of the country and two from London were in Dayton.

neg: Scopes Trial as Hunter, the author of the biology text which Scopes was on trial for teaching, reforming the text by 1926 in response to the Scopes Trial Controversy. George Gaylord Simpson, though, challenged this notion as confusing cause and effect and instead posited that the trend of anti-evolution movements and laws that provoked the Scopes Trial were also to blame for the removal of evolution from biological texts and that the Scopes Trial itself did not affect this trend one way or the other. The fundamentalists' target slowly veered off evolution in the mid-1930s. Miller and Grabiner suggest that as the

neg: History of Tennessee Bryan for the prosecution, and Clarence Darrow for the defense, argue their case. Tennessee was ridiculed in the northeast and West Coast press as the "Monkey State," even as a wave of revivals defending religious fundamentalism swept the state. The trial was also given the name "Monkey Trial" by the same reporters. The legal outcome of the trial was inconsequential. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, a penalty later rescinded by the state court of appeals. The law itself remained on the books until 1967. At the very time that Tennessee's rural culture was under attack by urban critics, its

neg: George Rappleyea "Monkey" Trial. (Note: The name is often spelled "Rappalyea" but the spelling "Rappleyea" is what appears in L. Sprague de Camp's book "The Great Monkey Trial" and the author interviewed Rappleyea before his death.) George Washington Rappleyea was noted for his part in the Scopes Evolution Trial, his work as a Vice President of the Higgins Boat Company, which made landing crafts for use in WWII, his scientific patents and his part in weapons procurement for a raid on Cuba. He was born on July 4, 1894 in New York City to George M. Rappleyea and Marian Rogers. His family

neg: Mildred Seydell her professional/pen name at the beginning of her journalistic career. She reported on the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925. The Scopes trial was her first major story. She interviewed Harold E. "Red" Grange, and was pictured doing his hand reading, a technique she used to "break the ice" with an interview subject. Seydell employed the stratagem of hand reading in order to increase her readership, asserting her ability to discover the intimate personality characteristics of big names such as U.S. vice president Charles G. Dawes and film director Cecil B. DeMille. She even claimed to have been able to read

neg: Social issues of the 1920s in the United States it put the debate over teaching evolution on front pages across the country. But one thing the Scopes "monkey trial" of 1925 did not do was settle the contentious issue of evolution in the schools, which continues to incite strong passions and court actions to this day. The trial was about challenging a newly passed Tennessee state law against teaching evolution or any other theory denying the biblical account of the creation of man. Broadly, the case reflected a collision of traditional views and values with more modern ones: It was a time of evangelism by figures such as Aimee

neg: John Randolph Neal Jr. Great Monkey Trial", L. Sprague de Camp described Neal as "eccentric and absent-minded," and "as dirty as some early Christian saints." Commenting on Neal's reputation as a wishy-washy politician, humorist Will Rogers wrote, "I don't know about the wishy, but he certainly is not washy." After the Scopes Trial, Neal's hygiene deteriorated to the point where he was banned from the S&W Cafeteria in downtown Knoxville. He was also kicked out of the Watauga Hotel (where he lived in Knoxville) when he refused to clean his room or allow hotel staff to clean it. When asked about his appearance, Neal

neg: The Monkey Suit the Scopes Monkey Trial). He also visited a natural history museum. The opening of the episode, in which Bart rushes to do everything he planned on doing during summer vacation, was originally written and animated for the season fourteen episode "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can" (2003) but was cut. This episode came in short, and to fill in time, the sequence was added. Burns has said commented the episode "ended up being incredibly short because when you do an episode where there's really just one good side of an argument <nowiki>[</nowiki>creation vs. evolution<nowiki>]</nowiki>, you don't fill out as

neg: Freedom From Religion Foundation the FFRF. The courthouse was the site of the historic 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial wherein Darrow unsuccessfully defended a teacher, John T. Scopes, who was found guilty of teaching evolution in a public school in violation of what was then a Tennessee state law. The statue was placed just a few feet away from a statue of William Jennings Bryan, Darrow's creationist opponent in the trial, which had been erected in 2005 by nearby Bryan College. In 2011 the FFRF was contacted by a local Austin citizen regarding the placement of a nativity scene on Henderson County courthouse property. A

neg: Irving Stone number of non-fiction books. His biography of Clarence Darrow, "Clarence Darrow For the Defense"—about the attorney known both for his defense of thrill killers Leopold and Loeb and his defense of John T. Scopes in the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial (the trial of a biology teacher who taught about evolution in Tennessee)—was published in 1941. His biography "Earl Warren", about the California governor and later Supreme Court Chief Justice, was published in 1948. In 1953, a popular film version was made of "The President's Lady" based on his 1951 novel of the same name, starring Charlton Heston as Andrew Jackson

neg: Inherit the Wind (play) a historical account, and there are numerous instances where events were substantially altered or invented. For instance, the characters of the preacher and his daughter were fictional, the townspeople were not hostile towards those who had come to Dayton for the trial, and Bryan offered to pay Scopes' fine if he was convicted. Bryan did die shortly after the trial, but it happened five days later in his sleep. Political commentator Steve Benen said of the play's inaccuracies: "Scopes issued no plea for empathy, there was no fiancee and the real Scopes was never arrested. In fact, the popular film

neg: Paper Clips Project 425 students that attend the school, there are only five African Americans and one Hispanic person. About 40 miles away is the Rhea County Courthouse, where, in 1925, a teacher was convicted for teaching evolution during the Scopes "Monkey" Trial. The trial upheld a statute which outlawed teaching any theory that denies the Divine Creation. A hundred miles from Whitwell, in Pulaski, Tennessee, the infamous Ku Klux Klan was reportedly born. The city is quite poor, as its main business, coal mining, started to decline after an accident 30 years ago; the last mine was shut down completely in 1997.

neg: The Monkey Suit her is initiated. J. Stewart Burns wrote "The Monkey Suit", for which he received inspiration from the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. The episode features a few references to this legal case, as well as several references to popular culture. Many analysts have commented on the episode's treatment of the creation–evolution controversy, a dispute about the origin of humanity between those who support a creationist view based upon their religious beliefs, versus those who accept evolution, as supported by scientific evidence. Critics have given the episode generally positive reviews, praising it for its satire of the creation–evolution debate. "The Monkey Suit"

neg: Scopes Trial from summing up its case, preventing Bryan from presenting his prepared summation. Scopes never testified since there was never a factual issue as to whether he had taught evolution. Scopes later admitted that, in reality, he was unsure of whether he had taught evolution (another reason the defense did not want him to testify), but the point was not contested at the trial. William Jennings Bryan's summation of the Scopes trial (distributed to reporters but not read in court): Science is a magnificent force, but it is not a teacher of morals. It can perfect machinery, but it adds no

neg: Spencer Tracy retirement, with Curtis writing that he was "chronically tired, unhappy, ill, and uninterested in work." Tracy did not appear on the screen again until October 1960, with the release of "Inherit the Wind", a film based on the 1925 Scopes "Monkey Trial" which debated the right to teach evolution in schools. Director Stanley Kramer sought Tracy for the role of lawyer Henry Drummond (based on Clarence Darrow), from the outset. Starring opposite Tracy was Fredric March, a pairing "Variety" described as "a stroke of casting genius ... Both men are spellbinders in the most laudatory sense of the word." The

neg: Frank Kent He was one of the big-name journalists who covered the Scopes "Monkey Trial" in 1925. But by 1934 Kent, a lifelong Democrat, turned against the New Deal. He criticized FDR and liberals who tried to disrupt his cherished Jeffersonian principles - the balanced budget, limited spending by the federal government, and a limited government. As his criticism became more severe, he charged that the Democrats no longer stood for states' rights. Kent pronounced the New Deal's AAA farm program a failure and was astonished that the Roosevelt administration did not propose to abandon it, but intended, instead, "to proceed from

neg: Edmund Duffy "New York Leader" and the "Brooklyn Eagle". The longest period of his career began in 1924 when he began working for "The Baltimore Su"n. Duffy worked there until 1948, in order to work a less tiring job, working for the "Saturday Evening Post". Duffy drew numerous noteworthy cartoons, approaching major issues and incidents, such as lynching and the Ku Klux Klan, but also the famous Monkey Scopes Trial of 1925. Duffy was known for his daring nature in relation to his work. H.L. Mencken saw promise in his work and “Duffy with his sometimes savage artwork, did the kind of

neg: Fred Thompson in the TV movie "Alleged", based on the Scopes Monkey Trial. Thompson portrayed Frank Michael Thomas in the CBS series "The Good Wife"; besides having a similar name, Thomas also shares Thompson's love for acting and the law. On March 2, 2009, he took over on Westwood One's East Coast noon time slot, hosting the talk radio program "The Fred Thompson Show", after Bill O'Reilly ended "The Radio Factor". It was co-hosted for a time by his wife, Jeri. Thompson's final show for Westwood One was aired on January 21, 2011. Douglas Urbanski took Thompson's place in the Westwood One

neg: American Theocracy before the American Revolution were religious outsiders, who were non-conformist and more radical than the establishment would allow (which was why they left Europe in the first place). He points to a history of highly emotional religious practices in the 17th and 18th centuries. He then argues that after "fundamentalist religion" (particularly Evangelical and the newly formed Pentecostal branches) were set back after the Scopes Monkey Trial, they appeared to have been dealt a permanent blow. Phillips cites statistical studies that suggest that after this point, fundamentalist religion grew at a rapid rate, while mainstream denominations actually declined (this was

neg: Scopes Trial sectional focus. It lacked a prestigious leader like Bryan, utilized pseudoscientific rather than religious rhetoric, and was a product of California and Michigan instead of the South. The Scopes trial had both short- and long-term effects in the teaching of science in schools in the United States. Though often portrayed as a blow to the fundamentalists in the form of waning public opinion, the victory was not complete. Though the ACLU had taken on the trial as a cause, in the wake of Scopes' conviction, they were unable to find any volunteers to take on the Butler law, and by

neg: Monkey Town (novel) filled with authentic and lesser-known details." In their review the "San Francisco Chronicle" wrote "Kidd does his best to blend the historical bits into the coming-of-age narrative, and the result is a very smooth read, with no breaks into discussions of Darwin's life story or extraneous details about the time period." The book also received reviews from the "Horn Book Guide," "Kliatt," "ALAN Review", "Christian Science Monitor", "Chicago Sun-Times", and the "School Library Journal". Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. The story is set in

neg: Creation–evolution controversy widely publicized by H. L. Mencken among others, is commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial. The court convicted Scopes, but the widespread publicity galvanized proponents of evolution. Following an appeal of the case to the Tennessee Supreme Court, the Court overturned the decision on a technicality (the judge had assessed the minimum $100 fine instead of allowing the jury to assess the fine). Although it overturned the conviction, the Court decided that the Butler Act was not in violation of the Religious Preference provisions of the Tennessee Constitution (Section 3 of Article 1), which stated "that no preference

neg: Piltdown Man decades. The examination and debate over Piltdown Man caused a vast expenditure of time and effort on the fossil, with an estimated 250+ papers written on the topic. The fossil was introduced as evidence by Clarence Darrow in defense of John Scopes during the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. Darrow died in 1938, fifteen years before Piltdown Man was exposed as a fraud. Creationists often cite the hoax (along with Nebraska Man) as evidence of an alleged dishonesty of paleontologists who study human evolution, despite the fact that scientists themselves had exposed the Piltdown hoax (and the Nebraska Man incident was

neg: A. M. Miller worked as a field geology consultant and authored several scientific studies. In 1922, Miller wrote an article in the journal "Science" decrying William Jennings Bryan for his actions to suppress the teaching of evolution in Kentucky schools. In June 1925, Miller was informed that he could be called upon to testify in defense of John T. Scopes, a University of Kentucky alumnus and former student of Miller's, during the Scopes Monkey Trial. Miller retired from the university as a professor emeritus on June 30, 1925. Miller spent his retirement in Asheville, North Carolina. He died of heart disease in Palatka,

neg: Thomas Cowan (broadcaster) 1921 World Series by Thomas Cowan and the studio of WJZ was a success. Around 4000 pieces of mail flooded the station thanking them for their public service for the many folks that couldn’t make it to the game. The broadcast did not only effect the world of baseball but the world of radio itself. In the following years radio would be used to cover large events, bringing the news and accomplishments of the world to even larger audiences. "Radio exploded across America, broadcasting the first-ever radio commercial in 1922, the 1925 Cubs-Pirates season opener, the 1925 Scopes monkey trial,

neg: Miriam Van Waters The case drew national attention, and an audience of hundreds of people per session attended what some newspaper reports likened to the Scopes monkey trial. Freedman writes: The audience so often took an active role in the hearings that McDowell threatened to clear the auditorium if they did not cease their laughter, applause, or derisive sounds. Housewives, off-duty reformatory staff members, college students, workers on their lunch breaks, and friends filled the auditorium each day; those who could not gain entrance weathered the winter cold as they gathered around the windows and doorways to catch a glimpse of the proceedings.

neg: A Boy Named Sue who agreed to be a prosecutor in what was to become known as the "Scopes Monkey Trial". Hicks was named after his mother who died after giving birth to him. In his autobiography, Cash wrote that he had just received the song and only read over it a couple of times. It was included in that concert to try it out—he did not know the words and on the filmed recording he can be seen regularly referring to a piece of paper. Cash was surprised at how well the song went over with the audience. The rough, spontaneous performance with

neg: Dick York lost career." York's injury did not immediately end his career. In 1960, a year after York's injury, he played Bertram Cates (modeled on John Thomas Scopes, of "Monkey Trial" fame) in the film version of "Inherit the Wind". York went on to star with Gene Kelly and Leo G. Carroll in the ABC comedy-drama "Going My Way" (1962). York was cast in the series, which lasted one season, as Tom Colwell, who operates a secular youth center. York appeared in dozens of episodes of now-classic television series, including "Justice", "Alfred Hitchcock Presents", "The Untouchables", "Rawhide", "The Americans", "Wagon Train", "Father

neg: Inherit the Wind (1960 film) the others signed too. "Inherit the Wind" is a fictionalized account of the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial, which resulted in John T. Scopes's conviction for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to a high school science class, contrary to a Tennessee state law. The characters of Matthew Harrison Brady, Henry Drummond, Bertram Cates and E. K. Hornbeck correspond to the historical figures of William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow, Scopes, and H. L. Mencken, respectively. However, Lee and Lawrence state in a note at the opening of the play on which the film is based that it is not meant to

neg: University of Chicago Civil Rights Movement, American educator, socialist and cofounder of the Highlander Folk School Myles Horton, Tuskegee Airmen commander Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., and African-American history scholar and journalist Carter G. Woodson are all alumni. Three students from the university have been prosecuted in notable court cases: the infamous thrill killers Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb and high school science teacher John T. Scopes who was tried in the Scopes Monkey Trial for teaching evolution. Notable faculty in economics include Milton Friedman, George Stigler, James Heckman, Gary Becker, Robert Fogel, Robert Lucas, Jr. and Eugene Fama. Additionally, the John Bates Clark

neg: Clarence Darrow Clarence Darrow Clarence Seward Darrow (; April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes "Monkey" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially charged self-defense case (1926). Called a "sophisticated country lawyer", Darrow's wit and eloquence

neg: John T. Scopes a teenager. In 1917, he moved to Salem, Illinois where he was a member of the class of 1919 at Salem High School. He attended the University of Illinois for a short time before leaving for health reasons. He earned a degree at the University of Kentucky in 1924, with a major in law and a minor in geology. Scopes moved to Dayton where he took a job as the Rhea County High School's football coach and occasionally filled in as a substitute teacher when regular members of the staff were off work. Scopes's involvement in the so-called Scopes Monkey

neg: Margo Jones staged the world premiere of Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee's "Inherit the Wind", a fictionalized retelling of the Scopes monkey trial, after it had been rejected by several Broadway producers. The play received rave reviews and subsequently opened on Broadway in April 1955, where it became a major hit. "Inherit the Wind" become an Oscar-nominated film in 1960 and has been revived as a TV special three times. Jones' innovative ideas inspired the growth of numerous resident companies, and made it possible for regions across America to experience the art she loved. In 1950-55, producer Albert McCleery brought the

neg: Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel (Philadelphia) the Rabbi at Temple Emanuel in Davenport, Iowa. In 1911 he moved to Congregation B'nai Israel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was active in numerous community and social causes. He was strong advocate of women's suffrage and spoke out against lynching, and despite threats on his life, regularly denounced the Ku Klux Klan. Before large crowds he gave lectures in support of the right to study evolution, but shortly after he left Tennessee the state passed its infamous anti-evolution law that led to the Scopes "Monkey" Trial. In 1924 Fineshriber moved to Philadelphia to become the senior rabbi at KI.

neg: Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District the trial was such that the case is sometimes referred to as the Dover Panda Trial, a name which recalls the popular name of the Scopes Monkey Trial in Tennessee, 80 years earlier. The plaintiffs successfully argued that intelligent design is a form of creationism, and that the school board policy violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The judge's decision sparked considerable response from both supporters and critics. Eleven parents of students in Dover, York County, Pennsylvania, near the city of York, sued the Dover Area School District over the school board requirement

neg: Kirtley F. Mather Award for the best science book for young people and the Book Award of the Geographic Society of Chicago. Mather is known for his role in the 1925 Scopes "Monkey Trial". For the trial he submitted a deposition for the defense and helped Clarence Darrow rehearse his questioning of William Jennings Bryan. Mather's biographer, Kennard Bork, notes this in relation to Mather's involvement with the trial: By 1924 Mather had already perceived the threat of biblical literalism as used by some segments of the religious Right. Offended by methods and claims of the anti-evolutionists, he declared that his love of

neg: Tunnel of Love Express Tour The second set saw Springsteen assuming the manner of a televangelist or professional wrestler delivering "I Am a Coward", a remake of Gino Washington's little-known 1964 local Detroit hit "Gino Is a Coward", and "Part Man, Part Monkey", a never-before-heard, Springsteen-written quasi-reggae ode to the Scopes monkey trial by way of Mickey & Sylvia's "Love is Strange". Audiences were bewildered. Gone completely were several of Springsteen's most popular numbers and traditional concert warhorses: "Badlands", "The Promised Land", "Thunder Road", "Jungleland". Springsteen had said as the tour began, "when I went to put this show together, I said, 'Well, what were

neg: Rachel Held Evans Town". The book explores her journey from religious certainty to a faith which accepts doubt and questioning; the title is based on the Scopes Monkey Trial that occurred in Dayton. Her second book, "A Year of Biblical Womanhood: How a Liberated Woman Found Herself Sitting on Her Roof, Covering Her Head, and Calling Her Husband Master", was released in October 2012. She recounts how she spent an entire year of living a Biblical lifestyle literally. The book also garnered national media attention for Evans as she appeared on "The Today Show". In 2014, Evans re-released "Evolving in Monkey Town" with

neg: H. L. Mencken Mencken attacked President Roosevelt for refusing to admit Jewish refugees into the United States and called for their wholesale admission: H. L. Mencken Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. His satirical reporting on the Scopes trial, which he dubbed the "Monkey Trial", also gained him attention. As a scholar, Mencken is known for "The American Language", a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United

neg: H. L. Mencken H. L. Mencken Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. His satirical reporting on the Scopes trial, which he dubbed the "Monkey Trial", also gained him attention. As a scholar, Mencken is known for "The American Language", a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States. As an admirer of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, he was an outspoken opponent of religion, populism and representative

neg: Animal trial on several occasions, particularly in sixteenth-century France, though the allegation in such cases was always levelled against human defendants. In September 2015, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals sued David Slater on behalf of a monkey named Naruto. The judge dismissed the case, ruling that the monkey did not have legal standing. PETA later appealed the ruling, the appeal was rejected on April 23, 2018. Animal trial In legal history, an animal trial was the criminal trial of a non-human animal. Such trials are recorded as having taken place in Europe from the thirteenth century until the eighteenth. In

neg: John T. Scopes as a Kentucky congressman. He registered on the Socialist ticket and suffered a horrible defeat. In the end, Scopes returned to the oil industry where we served as an oil expert until his 1964 retirement. Later in life, the media surrounding John T. Scopes calmed down. Occasionally, Scopes would be dragged into the spotlight for events like the 1960 Inherit the Wind premier, accepting the key to city, and participating in the celebration of John T. Scopes day. Scopes and the story of his trial was featured in the first segment of the October 10, 1960, episode of the television

neg: L. Sprague de Camp produced structures and architecture that many considered to be impossible for them, such as the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. Works in this area include "Lost Continents", "Citadels of Mystery", and "The Ancient Engineers". Some others of his many and wide-ranging nonfiction works were "The Great Monkey Trial" (about the Scopes Trial), "The Ragged Edge of Science", "Energy and Power", "The Heroic Age of American Invention", "The Day of the Dinosaur" (which argued, among other things, that evolution took hold after Darwin because of the Victorian interest spurred by recently popularized dinosaur remains, corresponding to legends of dragons), "Great Cities of

neg: Humorist (1880–1956) was a journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. Known as the "Sage of Baltimore", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. He is known for dubbing the Scopes trial "the Monkey Trial". James Thurber (1894–1961) was a cartoonist, author, journalist, playwright, and celebrated wit, best known for his cartoons and short stories published mainly in "The New Yorker". Bennett Cerf (1898–1971) was one of the founders of

neg: A Clockwork Origin found in his work "Natural Theology". The episode includes several cultural references related to depictions of evolutionary history and the debate between evolution and creationism. The crew's encounters with the robotic dinosaurs and Amy's two-piece cavewoman outfit are parodies of the 1940 fantasy film, "One Million B.C." The trial held in the episode also parodies the Scopes Monkey Trial. During the anti-evolution rally, a Flying Spaghetti Monster—a satirical symbol —appears, arguing against evolution. "A Clockwork Origin" originally aired August 12, 2010 on Comedy Central. In its original American broadcast, "A Clockwork Origin" was viewed by an estimated 1.926 million viewers

neg: Darwin and His Great Discovery "The Booklist" called it "[w]ell written, readable, and informative" and suitable for readers of junior high and high school age. The Scopes Trial was the subject of a comprehensive study previously written by L. Sprague de Camp, published as "The Great Monkey Trial" in 1968. Darwin and His Great Discovery Darwin and His Great Discovery is a science book for young adults by L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, first published by Macmillan in 1972. The work is an examination of naturalist Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution he proposed and marshaled evidence for in "The

neg: Arthur Garfield Hays ranged from Wall Street brokers and best-selling authors to notorious gamblers and the Dionne quintuplets.) Hays took part in numerous notable cases, including the Sweet segregation case in Detroit as well as the Scopes trial (often called the "monkey trial") in 1925, in which a school teacher in Tennessee was tried for teaching evolution; the "American Mercury" censorship case (1926); the Sacco and Vanzetti case, in which two Italian anarchists in Boston were convicted and executed in 1927 for a murder they denied committing; and the Scottsboro case, in which eight black men from Alabama were convicted and sentenced to

neg: Dudley Field Malone From 1920 on, he devoted himself to his law practice, specializing in international divorce cases of wealthy individuals. He established a branch office in Paris. In 1925, Malone was invited to join Clarence Darrow as co-counsel for the defense of John T. Scopes in the famous "Monkey Trial". In response to Bryan's argument against admitting scientific testimony, Malone gave arguably the best speech of the trial in defense of academic freedom. "I have never learned anything from any man who agreed with me," was one of his famous quotes. Malone continued his divorce practice until the 1930s, when he moved

neg: John T. Scopes set the fine instead of the jury. The Butler Act remained in effect until May 18, 1967, when it was repealed by the Tennessee legislature. Scopes may have actually been innocent of the crime to which his name is inexorably linked. After the trial Scopes admitted to reporter William Kinsey Hutchinson "I didn't violate the law," explaining that he had skipped the evolution lesson, and that his lawyers had coached his students to go on the stand; the Dayton businessmen had assumed that he had violated the law. Hutchinson did not file his story until after the Scopes appeal was

neg: George Rappleyea they moved the trial outdoors at one point. The debate between Byran and Darrow was long and loud. Darrow induced Bryan to take the stand as defense witness on the Bible and they had a lively debate. In the end, Scopes lost the trial because he had admitted that he taught evolution and this was contrary to the law. The defense had wanted to appeal the decision to higher courts in order to make a challenge to the basis of the law itself, but this was rebuffed. Scopes was fined $100, but never paid it; although his conviction was upheld

neg: John T. Scopes his attention on his career. In September 1925, Scopes enrolled in the graduate school of University of Chicago to finish his studies in geology. Evidence of harassment by the press is highlighted by Frank Throne, “You may be interested to know that Mr. John T. Scopes of anti-evolution trial fame expects to take up the study of geology as a graduate of student of Chicago this fall….Please do what you can to protect him from the importunities of Chicago reporters….He is a modest and unassuming young chap, and has been subjected to a great deal more limelight than he likes.”

neg: Scopes Trial a quack pure and unadulterated" was "really just". Mencken's columns made the Dayton citizens irate and drew general fire from the Southern press. After Raulston ruled against the admission of scientific testimony, Mencken left Dayton, declaring in his last dispatch, "All that remains of the great cause of the State of Tennessee against the infidel Scopes is the formal business of bumping off the defendant." Consequently, the journalist missed Darrow's cross-examination of Bryan on Monday. Cartoons Stage and film Literature Music Non-fiction Notes Bibliography Further reading Original materials from and news coverage of the trial: Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial,

neg: Rhea County Courthouse repealed them. A $1-million project which restored the second-floor courtroom to the way it looked during the Scopes trial was completed in 1979. The Rhea County Museum, also called the Scopes Trial Museum, is located in the courthouse basement and contains such memorabilia as the microphone used to broadcast the trial, trial records, photographs, and an audiovisual history of the trial. Every July local people re-enact key moments of the trial in the courtroom. In front of the courthouse stands a commemorative plaque erected by the Tennessee Historical Commission: 2B 23 <BR>THE SCOPES TRIAL Here, from July 10 to 21,

neg: Scopes Trial would be taught as science in Arizona and California schools. Before the Dayton trial only the South Carolina, Oklahoma, and Kentucky legislatures had dealt with anti-evolution laws or riders to educational appropriations bills. After Scopes was convicted, creationists throughout the United States sought similar anti-evolution laws for their states. By 1927, there were 13 states, both in the North and South, that considered some form of anti-evolution law. At least 41 bills or resolutions were introduced into the state legislatures, with some states facing the issue repeatedly. Nearly all of these efforts were rejected, but Mississippi and Arkansas did put

neg: Inherit the Wind (1960 film) be a historical account, and many events were substantially altered or invented. For instance, the characters of the preacher and his daughter were fictional, the townspeople were not hostile towards those who had come to Dayton for the trial, and Bryan offered to pay Scopes' fine if he was convicted. Bryan did die shortly after the trial's conclusion, but his death occurred five days later in his sleep. Political commentator Steve Benen said of the drama's inaccuracies: "Scopes issued no plea for empathy, there was no fiancee and the real Scopes was never arrested. Lawrence explained in a 1996 interview

neg: Scopes Trial such memorabilia as the microphone used to broadcast the trial, trial records, photographs, and an audiovisual history. Every July, local people re-enact key moments of the trial in the courtroom. In front of the courthouse stands a commemorative plaque erected by the Tennessee Historical Commission: 2B 23 THE SCOPES TRIAL Here, from July 10 to 21, 1925 JohnThomas Scopes, a County High School teacher, was tried for teaching that a man descended from a lower order of animals in violation of a lately passed state law. William Jennings Bryan assisted the prosecution; Clarence Darrow, Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field

neg: Bradford Leavitt "and can now see evolution in the parable of the seed and its growth and in the work of Saint Paul." (Leavitt's speech on the subject preceded the famous Scopes Monkey Trial by more than a decade.) In the years following the San Francisco earthquake, Rev. Leavitt worked with the city's mayor and civil service on relief work. But, ironically, Leavitt later turned against the Mayor and his lieutenants after his discovery of corruption at the highest levels of San Francisco's City Hall, which Leavitt later helped expose. The city's mayor was convicted in the investigation that followed, and the

neg: The Golden Twenties Valentino is also one of the most popular, and his death in 1926 drew thousands to his funeral. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed, giving women the right to vote. The Jazz Age began, which played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period. To counter the increasing amount of sex and violence in films, movie producers hire Will Hays, who by the end of the decade developed the Motion Picture Production Code. Warren G. Harding is elected president. The Scopes Monkey Trial, pits Clarence Darrow against William Jennings Bryan. Calvin Coolidge becomes president

neg: Brian Dennehy He appeared as the superior officer of Robert De Niro and Al Pacino in the 2008 cop drama "Righteous Kill" and as the father of Russell Crowe in the 2010 suspense film "The Next Three Days". Dennehy starred as Clarence Darrow in "Alleged", a film based on the Scopes Monkey Trial, the famous court battle over the teaching of evolution in American public schools. Dennehy began his professional acting career in small guest roles in such 1970s and 1980s series as "Kojak", "Lou Grant", "Dallas" and "Dynasty". He also appeared in an episode of "Miami Vice" during the 1987–88 season.

neg: David Fasold Roberts was misleading the public. The case was promoted by the media around Australia and the world as a second Scopes Monkey Trial. Plimer's action failed; Judge Ron Sackville said "Courts should not attempt to provide a remedy for every false or misleading statement made in the course of public debate on matters of general interest." Judge Sackville accepted that Roberts had infringed Fasold's copyrights, but Fasold described the award of $2,500 Australian dollars in damages as "a slap in the face," pointing out that he had won more in two similar cases in the United States. David Fasold David

neg: Jerome Lawrence history to speak to contemporary issues. "Inherit the Wind" (1955) addressed intellectual freedom and McCarthyism through a fictionalized version of the Scopes Monkey Trial. "The Gang's All Here" (1959) examined government corruption in the 1920s. "The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail" (1970) was a Vietnam-era exploration of Thoreau's resistance to an earlier war. Lawrence taught playwriting in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California. Lawrence's one Tony Award nomination was for Best Book of a Musical for "Mame". He died due to complications from a stroke in Malibu, California. The Jerome Lawrence and Robert E.

neg: Thalia Massie Fortescue, was deeply disturbed by the release of the defendants and many U.S. Navy personnel at Pearl Harbor were outraged. A short time later, Joseph Kahahawai was abducted when leaving the courthouse after a probation hearing and was found, shot dead, in the back seat of Grace Fortescue's car. Defended by attorney Clarence Darrow of the Scopes Monkey Trial fame, Fortescue, Thalia's husband Thomas Massie, and two Navy sailors were eventually tried and convicted of manslaughter in the death of Kahahawai. Originally sentenced to 10 years, their sentence was commuted to one hour in the executive chambers of Governor Lawrence

neg: Lisa the Skeptic into a "business trip", and think of a possible episode connection to the museum. He initially wanted Lisa to find a "missing link" skeleton, and do an episode reminiscent of the Scopes Monkey Trial. Writer George Meyer convinced him instead to have the focus be on an angel skeleton, while keeping an emphasis on the conflict between religion and science. Both Cohen and Meyer acknowledged how silly the "angel skeleton" idea was owing to simple questions raised such as why an angel died and why bones were left behind, but they went forward with the idea anyway. In an early

neg: Aimee Semple McPherson of her evident and positively proven guilt." H.L. Mencken, noted journalist, satirist, cultural critic, and scholar and an ideological opponent of McPherson, opposite each other in the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" trial, unexpectedly came to McPherson's defense. He wrote that since many of that town's residents acquired their ideas "of the true, the good and the beautiful" from the movies and newspapers, "Los Angeles will remember the testimony against her long after it forgets the testimony that cleared her." Numerous allegations of illicit love affairs were often directed against McPherson. Suspected lovers generally denied involvement. For example, Kenneth Ormiston, a married

neg: George William Hunter George William Hunter George William Hunter (born circa 1874 - died February 4, 1948) was an American writer. He wrote "Civic Biology", the text at the center of the Scopes "monkey" trial in 1925. George William Hunter Jr. spent his later years lecturing at the Claremont Colleges. He died on February 4, 1948 at the age of 74, in Claremont, California. He is buried in Hillside Cemetery in Redlands, California. A biologist, he went to school at Williams College in Massachusetts. He earned his doctorate at New York University. During World War I, he was the educational director for the

neg: George William Hunter to lawsuits in Tennessee. George William Hunter George William Hunter (born circa 1874 - died February 4, 1948) was an American writer. He wrote "Civic Biology", the text at the center of the Scopes "monkey" trial in 1925. George William Hunter Jr. spent his later years lecturing at the Claremont Colleges. He died on February 4, 1948 at the age of 74, in Claremont, California. He is buried in Hillside Cemetery in Redlands, California. A biologist, he went to school at Williams College in Massachusetts. He earned his doctorate at New York University. During World War I, he was the

neg: Ussher chronology "Inherit the Wind" (based on the Scopes Monkey Trial) and the fantasy novel "Good Omens" which alleges that "he is off by a quarter of an hour". A different viewpoint comes from Stephen Jay Gould, who, while totally disagreeing with Ussher's chronology, nevertheless wrote: I shall be defending Ussher's chronology as an honorable effort for its time and arguing that our usual ridicule only records a lamentable small-mindedness based on mistaken use of present criteria to judge a distant and different past Ussher represented the best of scholarship in his time. He was part of a substantial research tradition, a

neg: Scopes Trial 1932, the ACLU gave up. The anti-evolutionary legislation was not challenged again until 1965, and in the meantime, William Jennings Bryan's cause was taken up by a number of organizations, including the Bryan Bible League and the Defenders of the Christian Faith. The effects of the Scopes Trial on high school biology texts has not been unanimously agreed by scholars. Of the most widely used textbooks after the trial, only one included the word "evolution" in its index; the relevant page includes biblical quotations. Some scholars have accepted that this was the result of the Scopes Trial, citing examples such

neg: Islamic Center of Murfreesboro should not be considered a religion and that the mosque was not entitled to religious land use zoning regulations "because these are the same people who flew jets into the World Trade Center on 9/11." The lawyer, Joe Brandon Jr, called a series of non-expert witnesses, including anti-Islam activist Frank Gaffney, accused the ICM of being linked to terrorism, and claimed that its members wanted to impose Sharia law on the United States. The proceedings were criticized by the county's attorney as a "circus". The media compared the case to the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial, at which evolution was effectively

neg: Inherit the Wind (1960 film) the latter was blacklisted. "Inherit the Wind" is a parable that fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss McCarthyism. Written in response to the chilling effect of the McCarthy era investigations on intellectual discourse, the film (like the play) is critical of creationism. The film had its World Premiere at the Astoria Theatre in London's West End on July 7, 1960. A television remake of the film starring Melvyn Douglas and Ed Begley was broadcast in 1965. Another television remake starring Jason Robards and Kirk Douglas aired in 1988. It was once again remade for TV

neg: Inherit the Wind (play) by Luca Giberti for a series of Darwin-themed readings. Kevin Spacey (Henry Drummond) and David Troughton (Matthew Harrison Brady) starred in a 2009 revival at The Old Vic in London. Inherit the Wind (play) Inherit the Wind is an American play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, which debuted in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials. The debate over creationism versus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the play's numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run. "Inherit the Wind" is a fictionalized

neg: Inherit the Wind (play) that was nominated for four Academy Awards and has helped shape the American understanding of the 'Scopes Monkey Trial' for decades is an inadequate reflection of history." Lawrence explained in a 1996 interview that the drama's purpose was to criticize the then-current state of McCarthyism. The play was also intended to defend intellectual freedom. According to Lawrence, "we used the teaching of evolution as a parable, a metaphor for any kind of mind control [...] It's not about science versus religion. It's about the right to think." The play's title comes from Proverbs 11:29, which in the King James Bible

neg: L. E. Katterfeld hard core of devoted men like himself existed was more important to Katterfeld than what they existed for. When the Lovestoneites took power in the party, Katterfeld withdrew from it. The scientific theory of evolution was a hot-button political issue during the decade of the 1920s, fueled by the sensational "Scopes Monkey Trial" of July 1925. In December 1927, Katterfeld launched a new magazine published in New York City called "Evolution," at which he worked as managing editor. The publication's initial issue declared the publication's name was chosen "because the evolutionary concept of man's development is the idea which fundamentalists

neg: 1911 Brigham Young University modernism controversy faculty represented an intellectual loss to the university, and a stifling effect on students as well as faculty. Milton Bennion, writing in March 1911, called the conflict the most significant event in Utah's recent educational history. Ann Weaver Hart wrote that the 1911 BYU controversy made Utah comparatively less emotional and reactionary than other parts of the country during the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. At the University of Utah in Salt Lake City a similar controversy — what some at the time described as 'a tempest in a teapot' — erupted four years later in February 1915. There, the dismissals

neg: History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1910 editorial to Joseph F. Smith and have sometimes identified it under the title "First Presidency Instructions to the Priesthood: "Origin of Man." However, others have cast doubt on Joseph F. Smith's authorship of the editorial, which was published without attribution and seems to have contradicted contemporary views published elsewhere by Joseph F. Smith himself. They also contend that there is little evidence that the editorial represents "First Presidency Instructions" as the title under which it is often cited indicates. In 1925, as a result of publicity from the "Scopes Monkey Trial" concerning the right to teach evolution in Tennessee

neg: United States Chamber of Commerce L. Kovacs threatened to sue the Environmental Protection Agency in order to have what he termed "the Scopes monkey trial of the 21st century" on climate science before any federal climate regulation was passed in October 2009. Chamber CEO Tom Donohue disavowed the comment, but the Chamber strongly opposed the American Clean Energy and Security Act. In response to this position, several companies quit the Chamber, including Exelon Corp, PG&E Corp, PNM Resources, and Apple Inc. Nike, Inc resigned from their board of directors position, but continued their membership. Nike stated that they believe they can better influence the policy

neg: History of Christianity in the United States the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. "Social Gospel" principles continue to inspire newer movements such as Christians Against Poverty. The Scopes Monkey Trial was a major publicity event in 1925 that saw a modernist challenge to Fundamentalist beliefs about the Bible. Technically it was a criminal case that used Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful, in any public school, ""to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals."" This is often interpreted as meaning