query: what are the three tribes that make up the sioux nation

pos: Great Sioux Nation Great Sioux Nation The Great Sioux Nation was the political structure of the Sioux in North America at the time of their contact with Europeans and Euro-Americans. Most of the peoples speaking a Siouan language were members of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (pronounced ) or Seven Council Fires. The seven members are sometimes grouped into three regional/dialect groups (Lakota, Western Dakota, and Eastern Dakota), but these mid-level identities were not politically institutionalized. The seven smaller groups were separate members of one confederacy. The Great Sioux Nation is divided into three linguistically and regionally based groups and several subgroups. Linguistically, all three

pos: Black Hawk (artist) the Sioux Indians was first recorded by the French explorer Jean Nicolet in 1640. Originally the Sioux occupied the region that is now Minnesota; however, they moved west in the 18th century to avoid conflict with neighboring tribes who had been armed by French fur traders. There are 7 sub tribes within the Great Sioux Nation. They are often referred to as the 7 council fires. One such sub tribe the Teton Sioux is also known as the Lakota people. The Lakota are then divided into 7 additional tribes which includes the Sans Arc or Itázipčho tribe. In 1868 the

pos: Sioux Sioux The Sioux (), also known as Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota, Lakota and Nakota. The Santee Dakota ("Isáŋyathi"; "Knife") reside in the extreme east of the Dakotas, Minnesota and northern Iowa. The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota ("Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ" and "Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna"; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the endonym "Wičhíyena", reside in the Minnesota

pos: Sioux province to commemorate Assiniboin (Nakota) First Nation's role in Manitoba's heritage. Sioux The Sioux (), also known as Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota, Lakota and Nakota. The Santee Dakota ("Isáŋyathi"; "Knife") reside in the extreme east of the Dakotas, Minnesota and northern Iowa. The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota ("Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ" and "Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna"; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively

pos: Great Sioux Nation which forever exempted the Black Hills from all-white settlement. When European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, miners swept into the area in a gold rush. The US government reassigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota, breaking up the Great Sioux Reservation into smaller portions. The Supreme Court awarded eight Sioux tribes $106 million in compensation—the 1877 value of $17.5 million, plus interest. The Sioux Nation has refused to accept the award, saying they want their land returned. The money is held in accounts at the Treasury Department, accruing interest. As of 2011, the

pos: Lakota language Lakota language Lakota (), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of the Sioux tribes. Though generally taught and considered by speakers as a separate language, Lakota is mutually intelligible with the other two languages (such as Dakota language), and is considered by most linguists as one of the three major varieties of the Sioux language. Speakers of the Lakota language make up one of the largest Native American language speech communities in the United States, with approximately 2,000 speakers, who live mostly in the northern plains states of

pos: Great Sioux Reservation illegally taken, in the 20th century, the Lakota pursued a claim against the US government for the return of the land. In the 1980 "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians" the United States Supreme Court ruled that the land had been taken illegally, and the US government offered financial compensation in settlement. The Oglala Lakota are persisting in their demand to have the land returned to their nation; the account with their compensation is earning interest. Great Sioux Reservation The Great Sioux Reservation was the original area encompassing what are today the various Sioux Indian reservations in South Dakota

pos: Oglala Lakota Oglala Lakota The Oglala Lakota or Oglala Sioux (pronounced , meaning "to scatter one's own" in Lakota language) are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota, make up the Great Sioux Nation. A majority of the Oglala live on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, the eighth-largest Native American reservation in the United States. The Oglala are a federally recognized tribe whose official title is the Oglala Sioux Tribe (previously called the Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota). However, many Oglala reject the term "Sioux" due to

pos: Assiniboine showed 3,946 tribal members who lived in the United States. Assiniboine are closely linked by language to the Stoney First Nations people of Alberta. The latter two tribes speak varieties of Nakota, a distant, but not mutually intelligible, variant of the Sioux language. The Assiniboine, along with the Stoney of Alberta, share a common ancestry with the Sioux nation. While it was formerly believed that the Assiniboine originated among the Yanktonai division of the Dakota Sioux, linguistic analysis indicates that the Assiniboine and Stoney together form a group coordinate with that of the Santee, Lakota, and Yankon-Yanktonai, and that they

pos: Lakota people Prairie Indians, Sioux of the Plain, Maskoutens-Nadouessians, Mascouteins Nadouessi, and Sioux nomades. Today many of the tribes continue to officially call themselves "Sioux". In the 19th and 20th centuries, this was the name which the US government applied to all Dakota/Lakota people. However, some tribes have formally or informally adopted traditional names: the Rosebud Sioux Tribe is also known as the Sičháŋǧu Oyáte (Brulé Nation), and the Oglala often use the name Oglála Lakȟóta Oyáte, rather than the English "Oglala Sioux Tribe" or OST. (The alternate English spelling of Ogallala is deprecated, even though it is closer to the correct

pos: Sioux in the United States live off reservation. Enrolled members in any of the Sioux tribes in the United States are required to have ancestry that is at least 1/4 degree Sioux (the equivalent to one grandparent). In Canada, the Canadian government recognizes the tribal community as First Nations. The land holdings of these First Nations are called Indian reserves. The Sioux comprise three closely related language groups: The earlier linguistic three-way division of the Sioux language identified "Lakota", "Dakota", and "Nakota" as dialects of a single language, where Lakota = Teton, Dakota = Santee-Sisseton and Nakota = Yankton-Yanktonai. However, the

pos: Lakota people Lakota people The Lakota (pronounced , Lakota language: Lakȟóta) are a Native American tribe. Also known as the Teton Sioux (from "Thítȟuŋwaŋ"), they are one of the three Sioux tribes of Plains. Their current lands are in North and South Dakota. They speak "Lakȟótiyapi"—the Lakota language, the westernmost of three closely related languages that belong to the Siouan language family. The seven bands or "sub-tribes" of the Lakota are: Notable Lakota persons include Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (Sitting Bull) from the Húnkpapȟa band; Touch the Clouds from the Miniconjou band Maȟpíya Lúta (Red Cloud), Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk), Siŋté Glešká (Spotted Tail),

pos: Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation Ventre," another tribe which was historically in Montana. In 1936, the Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled the Tribe's Base Roll listing all Hidatsa as "G.V.", for Gros Ventre. Today about 30 full-blood Hidatsa are members of the Affiliated Three Tribes. Most Hidatsa people have ancestry also of the Mandan and Arikara tribes. The Arikara call themselves Sahnish. The Arikara were forced into Mandan territory by conflict with the Lakota (Sioux), between the Arikara War and the European-American settlement in the 1870s. The Arikara lived for many years near the Fort Clark trading post, also called Knife River. In 1862 they

pos: Arikara before the end of 1862, some Sioux burned a part of the village. The affiliation of the Sioux is not always clear: Lakota, Yanktonai and "refugee" Santee Sioux from the Minnesota uprising sometimes attacked the Three Tribes. As always in intertribal warfare, there were interludes with peace - and conflicts with other Indian foes, as for example the Assiniboine. In 1869, the Three Tribes asked the United States for guns as protection against hostile Sioux, and they finally received 300 pieces. The Three Tribes sold a part of their southern treaty land, more or less already annexed by the Lakota,

pos: Nakota enemies of their former language-family "allies". (In each of the dialects, "nakota", "dakota" and "lakota" means "friend" or "ally".) Historically, scholars classified the tribes belonging to the Sioux nation (or Dakota in a broad sense) into three large language groups: The Assiniboine had separated from the Yankton-Yanktonai grouping at an early time. Their language, called Nakota as well, became more distinct and unintelligible to Lakota and Dakota speakers. For a long time, very few scholars criticized this classification. In 1978, Douglas R. Parks, David S. Rood, and Raymond J. DeMallie engaged in systematic linguistic research at the Sioux and Assiniboine

pos: Lower Brule Indian Reservation Lower Brule Indian Reservation The Lower Brulé Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation that belongs to the Lower Brulé Lakota Tribe. It is located on the west bank of the Missouri River in Lyman and Stanley counties in central South Dakota in the United States. It is adjacent to the Crow Creek Indian Reservation on the east bank of the river. The "Kul Wicasa Oyate" (lower…men…nation), the Lower Brulé Sioux, are members of the Sicangu (Burnt Thigh), one of the bands of the Lakota Tribe. Tribal headquarters is in Lower Brule. The Sioux consist of a group of self-governing tribes

pos: North Dakota from the Great Lakes area. The word "Dakota" is a Sioux (Lakota/Dakota) word meaning "allies" or "friends". The primary historic tribal nations in or around North Dakota, are the Lakota and the Dakota ("The Great Sioux Nation" or "Oceti Sakowin," meaning the seven council fires), the Blackfoot, the Cheyenne, the Chippewa (known as Ojibwe in Canada), and the Mandan. The federally recognized tribes have Indian reservations in the state. Social gatherings are known as "powwows" (or wacipis in Lakota/Dakota) continue to be an important part of Native American culture and are held regularly throughout the state. Throughout Native American history,

pos: Great Sioux Reservation Great Sioux Reservation The Great Sioux Reservation was the original area encompassing what are today the various Sioux Indian reservations in South Dakota and Nebraska. The reservation was established in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, and included all of present-day western South Dakota (commonly known as "West River" South Dakota) and modern Boyd County, Nebraska. This area was established by the United States as a reservation for the Teton Sioux, also known as the Lakota: the seven western bands of the "Seven Council Fires" (the Great Sioux Nation). In addition to the reservation dedicated to the Lakota, the Sioux

pos: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) they were on the verge of extinction, which threatened the tribes' subsistence. These mass killings affected all tribes thus the tribes were forced onto each other's hunting grounds, where fighting broke out. The Lakota continued harassment of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara. By summer 1862, all three tribes had been forced out of their shared treaty territory. "We, the Arikara, have been driven from our country on the other side of the Missouri River by the Sioux", stated chief White Shield in 1864. The elimination of buffalo also meant that the Yanktonai Sioux moved into Assiniboine hunting grounds in North

pos: Black Hawk (artist) his family. He is thought to have been married to a woman called Hollow Horn Woman and was a spiritual leader in his community. The titled of Black Hawk's ledger book given to it by William Edward Caton reads "CHIEF MEDICINE MAN OF THE SIOUX". The Sioux Nation is made up of many different groups so it is unlikely that Black Hawk was the chief medicine man for the entire population which at the time was around 35,000 to 50,000 people. However it is certain that Black Hawk was what would be known in the Lakota community as a Medicine

pos: Oglala Lakota Oglala, along with the Brulé, another Lakota band, and three other Sioux bands, formed the Sioux Alliance. This Alliance attacked surrounding tribes for territorial and hunting reasons. Historically, women have been critical to the family's life: making almost everything used by the family and tribe. They have cultivated and processed a variety of crops; prepared the food; prepared game and fish; worked skins to make clothing and footwear, as well as storage bags, the covering of tipis, and other items. Women have historically controlled the food, resources and movable property, as well as owned the family's home. Typically, in the

pos: Republic of Lakotah proposal contention between the Lakota and the United States is the status of the Black Hills of South Dakota, which were part of Sioux reservation lands until they were taken without compensation by the US government and opened for gold mining following the collapse of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court decision "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians" awarded $105 million to eight tribes of Sioux Indians as compensation ($17.1 million for the market value of the land in 1877 and $88 million in 5% per annum simple interest between 1877 and 1980), but

pos: History of South Dakota pushing the Algonquian ancestors of the Cheyenne from the Black Hills regions, south of the Platte River, in the 18th century. Before that, the Cheyenne say that they were, in fact, two tribes, which they call the Tsitsistas & Sutaio After their defeat, much of their territory was contained to southeast Wyoming & western Nebraska. While they had been able to hold off the Sioux for quite some time, they were heavily damaged by a smallpox outbreak. They are also responsible for introducing the horse to the Lakota. North of the Ioway were an Algonquian nation known as the A'ani,

pos: Race and ethnicity in the United States is the Navajo, who call themselves Diné and live on a 16-million acre (65,000 km²) Indian reservation covering northeast Arizona, northwest New Mexico, and southeast Utah. It is home to half of the 450,000 Navajo Nation members. The third largest group are the Lakota (Sioux) Nation, with distinct federally recognized tribes located in the states of Minnesota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming; and North and South Dakota. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders numbered 427,810 in 2008, or 0.1% of the population. Additionally, nearly as many individuals identify as having partial Native Hawaiian ancestry, for a total of 829,949 people of full

pos: Iron Nation as a just and noble leader." He was inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame in 2006. An 1867 photograph of Iron Nation by Alexander Gardner is held in the collections of the Princeton University Library. Two members of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe produced a 12-minute animated film about Iron Nation in 1997. Iron Nation Iron Nation (February 1815—November 15, 1894) was a principal chief of the Lower Brulé Lakota. He was one of the signers of the September 17, 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie along with people from Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and other tribes. He also signed

pos: Arapaho and most of Sioux territory known as the Great Sioux Reservation was guaranteed legally to the tribes by the Treaty of Fort Laramie after they defeated the US during Red Cloud's War in 1868. The Black Hills in particular are viewed as sacred to the Lakota and Dakota peoples, and the presence of settlers illegally occupying the area caused great unrest within the tribes. Instead of evicting the settlers the US Army broke the treaty and invaded Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho territory in order to protect American settlers and put the allied tribes on smaller reservations or wipe them out.

pos: Mandan Sioux made it difficult for the Mandan to be safe in the treaty area. The tribes called for the United States Army to intervene, and they would routinely ask for such aid until the end of Lakota primacy. Despite the treaty, the Mandan received little protection from US forces. In the summer of 1862, the Arikara joined the Mandan and Hidatsa in Like-a-Fishhook Village on the upper Missouri. All three tribes were forced to live "outside" their treaty area south of the Missouri by the frequent raiding of Lakota and other Sioux. Before the end of 1862, some Sioux Indians

neg: Dakota Access Pipeline protests beginning. Expect mass resistance far beyond what Trump has seen so far. ... Our tribal nations and Indigenous grassroots peoples on the front lines have had no input on this process." Many Sioux Tribes passed resolutions in support of Standing Rock, including the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Crow Creek Tribe, the Oglala Sioux Tribe, and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. Oklahoma tribes also expressed support for the pipeline protest movement. In August, Principal Chief Bill John Baker of the Cherokee Nation said, "As Indian people, we have a right to protect our lands and protect our water rights. That's our responsibility

neg: Crow Nation Raids against the Crows were "frequent, both by the Northern Cheyennes and by the Arapahos, as well as the Sioux, and by parties made up from all three tribes". Crow chief Plenty Coups recalled, "The three worst enemies our people had were combined against us …". In April 1870, the Sioux overpowered a barricaded war group of 30 Crows in the Big Dry area. The Crows were killed to either last or last but one man. Later, mourning Crows with "their hair cut off, their fingers and faces cut" brought the dead bodies back to camp. The drawing from the

neg: I Remain Alive by American Indian writers of a particular Indian nation. I Remain Alive I Remain Alive: the Sioux Literary Renaissance is a scholarly book written by Ruth J. Heflin and published by Syracuse University Press in 2000. "I Remain Alive" focuses on five Sioux, or "Oyate" (meaning "the People"), writers from what is often called the Transitional Period for American Indian writers. The book provides a perspective for non-Indians on what life was like for the different Sioux tribes in the late 1800s before discussing how these five writers—Charles Alexander Eastman ("Ohiyesa"), Luther Standing Bear, Zitkala Sa ("Gertrude Simmons Bonnin"), Ella

neg: East High School (Sioux City, Iowa) schools for all three public schools. East then moved to Mayhew Avenue, which is located by the Southern Hills Mall in Sioux City. East was one of three other public schools to be founded in Sioux City along with Leeds, Riverside, and Central high schools. The private school in Sioux City at that time was Trinity and Cathedral high schools which now make up Bishop Heelan High School. Trinity primarily consisted of all male and Cathedral was all female. Sioux City East is the only High School in Sioux City to remain in its original state. Riverside became what is

neg: Great Sioux Nation language groups belong to Siouan languages. The term "Great Sioux Nation" is also sometimes applied to a hypothetical state in the western and midwestern United States, which would take in the following recognized Indian reservations: The hypothetical state would also include the defunct Great Sioux reservation, which was divided into smaller portions in the 19th century, and other "unceded Indian territory" in four states, as well as parts of the following states: The theoretical Great Sioux Nation occupies only parts of the United States where Sioux tribes have some legal claim with regard to treaties with the federal government. (See,

neg: History of South Dakota the modern states of South Dakota, Minnesota & Iowa meet, north of the Missouri River. They also had a sister nation, known as the Otoe who lived south of them. They were Chiwere speaking, a very old variation of Siouan language said to have originated amongst the ancestors of the Ho-Chunk of Wisconsin. They also would have had a fairly similar culture to that of the Dhegihan Sioux tribes of Nebraska & Kansas. By the 17th century, the Sioux, who would later come to dominate much of the state, had settled in what is today central and northern Minnesota. The

neg: Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development in cooperation with Zuni Pueblo, City of Gallup, McKinley County, and the State of New Mexico Northwest Intertribal Court System, Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board The 43 federally recognized tribes of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho —2005 Honorees— High Honors: Akwesasne Freedom School, Akwesasne Mohawk Nation Flandreau Police Department, Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe Oneida Nation Farms, Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Professional Empowerment Program SWO – Human Services Agency, Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Siyeh Corporation, Blackfeet Nation Tribal Monitors Program Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council Koyukon and Gwich’in Athabascan,

neg: Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe Utah, New Mexico, Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming filed "amici curiae" briefs in support of the oil companies, while the Navajo Nation, the Arapahoe Nation, the Shoshone Indian Tribe, the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, and the National Congress of American Indians all filed briefs in support of the Jacrilla tribe. The case was heard on May 29, 1979 by a three-judge panel consisting of Chief Judge Oliver Seth and Circuit Judges William Holloway, Jr. and Monroe G. McKay. The arguments were the same as at the district court level, with the

neg: Native American tribes in Nebraska in the Nebraska Territory. Today the United States government recognizes several tribes in Nebraska. They include the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska, the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska, the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska, the Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, the Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska, and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. Indian reservations in Nebraska currently include land of the Ioway, Santee Sioux, Omaha, Sac and Fox, Winnebago, and Ponca. The Omaha ceded their Boone County to the U.S. government in 1854. The Pawnee gave up their Boone County lands in

neg: Indian reservation the Sioux made legal claim that their relinquishment from the Black Hills was illegal under the Fifth Amendment, and no amount of money can make up for the loss of their sacred land. This claim went all the way up to the Supreme Court "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians" case in 1979 after being revived by Congress, and the Sioux were awarded over $100 million as they ruled that the seizure of the Black Hills was in fact illegal. The Sioux have continually rejected the money, and since then the award has been accruing interest in trust accounts,

neg: Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Sac & Fox Nation behalf of the tribe, with Solicitor General Ken Starr. G. William Rice argued the case for the Sac and Fox Nation. "Amicus curiae" briefs in support of Oklahoma were filed by Arizona, Minnesota, North Dakota and Wisconsin. Briefs in support of the tribe were filed by Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma, Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and Navajo Nation. The state argued that the case law cited by the Tenth Circuit only dealt with established Indian reservations and that the appellate court erred since the Sac and Fox reservation had been disestablished

neg: Rapid City Indian School land was split into three lots owned by the federal government, with the Sioux San Hospital being the last remaining structure of the school. In 2014, sixteen tribes from South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska requested that the land be turned back over to tribal care because the land is listed as a plot of spiritual land guaranteed to the Sioux Nation under the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. Rapid City Indian School The Rapid City Indian School was located in Rapid City, South Dakota, and has since been converted into both an asylum and a hospital. The school opened

neg: Cannabis on American Indian reservations to legal questions from tribal nations, but that only three unnamed tribes, in California, Washington state, and "the Midwest" had stated explicit interest in legalizing. The Oglala Sioux nation legalized industrial hemp in 1998, and the family of Alex White Plume began to produce the crop from 2000–2002, but federal authorities destroyed his crops and issued him a restraining order forbidding further cultivation. In January 2014, the Oglala Sioux tribal council approved a proposal to hold a tribal vote to decide on legalizing marijuana on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, but the council later rejected the proposal.

neg: Black Hills Land Claim cases of this type, and it was now terminated. On October 6, Arthur Lazarus filed for attorney fees for himself and the two other lawyers, Howard Payne and Marvin J. Sonosky, who participated in the United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians but were never paid. On May 21, 1981, the United States Court of Claims granted the three lawyers with 10 percent of the $106 million awarded, which totaled $10.6 million. However, many Sioux Indians disagreed with the awarded fees and believed that the lawyers deserved nothing because the tribes did not want money as a form of compensation.

neg: Bearskin Lake First Nation Aski Nation. Bearskin Lake is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal-based service. Bearskin First Nation is governed by Chief Rosemary McKay and her Deputy Chief Leonard "Wayne" Brown; their 3-year term began on April 1, 2014. In addition, the First Nation's Council is four councillors: Stuart Kamenawatamin, Gary Kamenawatamin, George Kamenawatamin, and Roderick Kamenawatamin. Bearskin Lake First Nation Bearskin Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada, located north of Sioux Lookout. Bearskin First Nation's total registered population was 900, of which their on-reserve population was 461. Three settlements make up the

neg: Executive Order 13792 Navajo Nation stated, "We don’t want it to be rescinded. We wanted it left alone. Right now, what I’m hearing is this is only a recommendation. But when they do make that move, we’re ready as a Navajo nation for a lawsuit, and all the other tribal leaders are ready. We have others who are ready for litigation. This is uncalled for." Earthjustice attorney Heidi McIntosh stated, "Make no mistake: Unilaterally shrinking the boundaries of Bears Ears National Monument would not only be a slap in the face to the five sovereign tribes who share sacred ties to this land,

neg: Bearskin Lake First Nation Bearskin Lake First Nation Bearskin Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada, located north of Sioux Lookout. Bearskin First Nation's total registered population was 900, of which their on-reserve population was 461. Three settlements make up the Bearskin Lake First Nation. Originally located on Bearskin Lake to the southwest, their main community moved to its present site on Michikan Lake ("Fish Trap Lake") in the 1930s and is accessible only by air from Bearskin Lake Airport or winter road. The main village is situated on the west shore of the lake and all

neg: Legal history of cannabis in the United States members from enacting legislation to allow for commercial sales. In December 2014, the Justice Department announced a policy to allow recognized Indian tribes to legalize the use and sale of cannabis on their lands. The laws on reservations are allowed to be different from state and federal laws, and as with states that have legalized cannabis the federal government will not intervene as long as strict controls are maintained. Some domestic nations such as the Yakama Nation and the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council have rejected legalization on their reservations. In 2015, the Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) voted to

neg: Ward Churchill of Law published a review of "Indians Are Us?" in "The American Indian Quarterly". Professor LaVelle, an enrolled member of the Santee Sioux Nation, states that "Indians Are Us?" twists historical facts and is hostile toward Indian tribes. It was in this book that Churchill first made the assertion that the United States distributed "smallpox-infested blankets" to Indian tribes, an assertion which he repeated several times over the next decade. The assertion has been criticized as a falsification. "From a Native Son: Selected Essays on Indigenism, 1985–1995" (1996) is a collection of 23 previously published essays on Native American history,

neg: Standing Rock Indian Reservation on the reservation are Fort Yates, Cannon Ball and McLaughlin. Together with the Hunkpapa and Sihasapa bands, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is part of what was known as the Great Sioux Nation. The peoples were highly decentralized. In 1868 the lands of the Great Sioux Nation were reduced in the Fort Laramie Treaty to the east side of the Missouri River and the state line of South Dakota in the west. The Black Hills, considered by the Sioux to be sacred land, are located in the center of territory awarded to the tribe. In direct violation of the treaty,

neg: Dakota Access Pipeline protests described a recent Colorado Oil and Gas Association statement on oil pipeline safety as "full of lies." On September 16, a rally and march was held in Seattle to show solidarity with the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. The mayor of Seattle and city council members joined leaders from Northwest tribes from Quinualt, Makah, Lummi, Suquamish, Tulalip, Swinomish, Puyallup and others to show opposition to the pipeline. Fawn Sharp, president of the Quinault Indian Nation and the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians, said that while the tribes are "determined to win this fight", a "deeper fix" is needed. "The U.S. must

neg: Tseshaht First Nation Tseshaht First Nation Tseshaht First Nation is an amalgamation of many tribes up and down Alberni Inlet and in the Alberni Valley of central Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia. They are a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council which includes all other Nuu-chah-nulth-aht peoples except the Pacheedaht First Nation. There are 1103 Tseshaht. The main reserve community is located in Port Alberni, British Columbia. They became the area's dominant tribe through historical warfare. The Tseshaht First nation is one of 14 that make up the Nuu-chah-nulth culture. Their language is a member of the Wakashan family.

neg: Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer horses. The Arrows all Gone Sioux then joined, and then the Blackfeet Sioux. Small groups of other tribes, such as the Waist and Skirt Indians, the Assiniboines, and Burned Thigh Sioux also joined. Even Chief Lame White Man was there with a small group of Southern Cheyenne. Wooden Leg believed that the chiefs had gathered the tribes in one place for defence, not to prepare to make war on the whites, though many of the young men were keen to do just that. On the other hand, they made no attempt to hide. Wooden Leg says "our trail...could have been

neg: United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians holding that the Court could not second guess whether their compensation under the 1877 Agreement reached by the Manypenny Commission - which served as the basis for the 1877 Act of Congress - was adequate. The Sioux (and many other tribes) continued lobbying Congress for a forum for their claims, and in 1946 Congress created an independent federal agency, the Indian Claims Commission, to "hear and determine all tribal grievances" including the Sioux claim. The Sioux lost their first hearing before the Indian Claims Commission "due to the failings of their former counsel," but on appeal to the U S

neg: Arikara no more tribal village dwellers. During the Great Sioux War of 1876, some Arikara served as scouts for Custer in the Little Bighorn Campaign. The three tribes are settled on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota. Arikara Arikara (), also known as Sahnish, Arikaree or Ree, are a tribe of Native Americans in North Dakota. Today, they are enrolled with the Mandan and the Hidatsa as the federally recognized tribe known as the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. The Arikara's name is believed to mean "horns," in reference to the ancient custom of wearing two upright bones in

neg: Washington Redskins name controversy Council of Arizona, the Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes, the Oneida Indian Nation (New York), the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (North Dakota) and the United South and Eastern Tribes (USET). In April 2014, Navajo Nation Council voted in favor of a statement opposing the name of the Washington team, as well as other disparaging references to American Indians by other professional sports franchises. Other Native American groups advocating change include: the Native American Bar Association of DC, the National Caucus of Native American State Legislators, and the Society of American Indian Government Employees. Individual Native Americans who are

neg: Impact of Native American gaming growing popularity of Native American gaming. If a Native American casino is unsuccessful, its failure is often linked to its geographic location. The size of a tribe is usually insignificant. This argument follows the logic of a free market economy. Tribes with a strong economic base find it easier to draw in new businesses and consumers. Tribes in remote locations suffer because they lack a consumer base to support new and existing businesses. For example, the Morongo Band of Mission Indians is very small, but their gaming enterprises are overwhelmingly successful. In contrast, the Sioux Nation, a very large nation,

neg: Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development Readiness Effort, Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Ho-Chunk Village, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Kenai CASA and Kenaitze Tribal Court, Kenaitze Indian Tribe Nez Perce Tribe Fisheries Department, Nez Perce Tribe Ohero:kon “Under the Husk” Rites of Passage, Haudenosaunee Confederacy School Based Health Centers, Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes —2016 Honorees— Alaska Rural Utility Collaborative Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Calricaraq: Indigenous Yup’ik Wellbeing Yukon Kuskokwim Delta Tribal Communities Čáw Pawá Láakni – They Are Not Forgotten Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Chickasaw Nation Sick Child Care Program Chickasaw Nation Native American Drug & Gang Initiative Task

neg: Midwestern United States adopted a horse culture. Before their adoption of guns, the Plains Indians hunted with spears, bows, and bows and arrows, and various forms of clubs. The use of horses by the Plains Indians made hunting (and warfare) much easier. Among the most powerful and dominant tribes were the Dakota or Sioux, who occupied large amounts of territory in the Great Plains of the Midwest. The area of the Great Sioux Nation spread throughout the South and Midwest, up into the areas of Minnesota and stretching out west into the Rocky Mountains. At the same time, they occupied the heart of

neg: Traverse des Sioux of French voyageurs, and twenty to thirty Indian lodges. In 1851 the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was signed at the post, by which tribes of the Sioux people were induced to cede 24 million acres (97,000 km²) of land to the United States for promises of reservations and annuities at a rate of seven cents per acre. This concession opened up vast areas of Minnesota Territory to non-native settlement. The lands surrendered included Minnesota west of the Mississippi and south of the lands of the Ojibway, all of what later became South Dakota east of the Big Sioux River,

neg: Nakota the Yankton-Yanktonai groups as Nakota.”. Currently, the groups concerned refer to themselves as follows in their mother tongues: Recently the Assiniboine and, especially, the Stoney have begun to minimize the historic separation from the Dakota. They have claimed some identity with the Sioux nation, although such a centralized unit no longer exists. Historically, the Siouan tribes were quite decentralized as well and operated independently in bands. The tendency can be seen on Alberta's Stoney official Internet sites, for example, in the self-designation of the "Alexis Nakota "Sioux" First Nation", or in the claim of the "Nakoda First Nation" to their

neg: United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians including the Black Hills, would be "set apart for the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the Indians." By the terms of the treaty, cession of any part of the reservation required a new treaty executed and signed by at least three fourths of all the adult male Indians occupying the land. The Sioux's right to hunt in some unceded territories were protected by the Fort Laramie Treaty as well. The Fort Laramie Treaty ended the Powder River War of 1866–1867, a series of military engagements in which the Sioux tribes, led by chief Red Cloud, fought to protect

neg: Crow Nation Battle along with more than 160 other Crows. The Battle of the Little Bighorn stood on the Crow reservation. As most battles between the US and the Sioux in the 1860s and 1870s, "It was a clash of two expanding empires, with the most dramatic battles occurring on lands only recently taken by the Sioux from other tribes." When the Crow camp with Pretty Shield learned about the defeat of George A. Custer, it cried for the assumed dead Crow scouts "… and for Son-of-the-morning-star [Custer] and his blue soldiers …". On January 8, 1877, three Crows participated in the

neg: South Dakota diminished from their former Great Sioux Reservation of West River, which the US government had once allocated to the Sioux tribes. South Dakota has the third-highest proportion of Native Americans of any state, behind Alaska and New Mexico. Five of the state's counties are wholly within the boundaries of sovereign Indian reservations. Because of the limitations of climate and land, and isolation from urban areas with more employment opportunities, living standards on many South Dakota reservations are often far below the national average; Ziebach County ranked as the poorest county in the nation in 2009. The unemployment rate in Fort

neg: Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community organizations and causes between 1992 and 2013, including more than $29 million in 2012. In addition to charitable giving, the tribe has made substantial loans to other tribes, such as the Red Lake Nation. The SMSC made a $31 million loan to Red Lake in 2009, a $3 million loan in 2010, and a $27 million loan in 2013, the latter so that the Red Lake Tribe could construct and operate a gaming casino to generate revenues. Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community (SMSC) (Dakota: Bdemayaṭo Oyate) is a federally recognized, sovereign Indian tribe of Mdewakanton Dakota

neg: Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation The Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation no. 437 is a Nakoda First Nation which reserves near Edmonton, Hinton, and Whitecourt, in the Canadian province of Alberta, and headquartered at 54° N and 114°, about west of Edmonton. The Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation is a member of Treaty 6. As of March, 2012, the total registered population of the Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation is 1779 persons. There are 508 registered males, and 459 females living on their own reserve. Members of the Alexis First Nation are of the "Stoney" or "Nakoda" ethnic group. The Stoney are sometimes

neg: Medary, South Dakota Campbell; and the Big Sioux River. Sioux Indian tribes later settled the area. The buffalo, elk, and deer herds in the area were important parts of Native American and pioneer life. The area had been traveled by missionaries, explorers, merchants, and trappers as early as 1750. The first recorded white man to visit what later became Brookings County was fur-trader Joseph LaFramboise. LaFramboise established a trading post near Flandreau, running it from 1822 to 1827. Medary was the first official town in Brookings County and was one of the first three settlements in South Dakota, along with Flandreau and Sioux

neg: Sioux San Hospital Sioux San Hospital The Sioux San Hospital is a public hospital located in Rapid City, South Dakota. It was built in 1898 as a boarding school for Native Americans and turned into a sanitarium in 1933. It is said to be haunted. Preservationists are trying to save the building from being demolished to make a state-of-the-art medical complex. Construction is years away. Located in the west side of Rapid City, South Dakota, it started out as a boarding school for Native Americans in 1898. Members of the Sioux, Cheyenne, Shoshone, Arapaho, Crow, and Flathead tribes were forced into the government

neg: Flying Hawk visit to The Wigwam, McCreight asked Flying Hawk about the status of the case. Flying Hawk appealed to his interpreter to make it clear that the treaty with Napoleon was broken at the time that his country was purchased, and that the whites had, from the beginning of relations with their tribe, ignored and wholly repudiated their first and principle obligation toward the Sioux. McCreight, who studied the treaties between the Sioux Nation and the United States, served as an expert on Native American affairs and traveled to Washington, D.C. to assist lawyers for the Sioux Nation. Chief Flying Hawk

neg: Sioux related groups is "Bwaanag" (singular "Bwaan"), meaning "roasters". Presumably, this refers to the style of cooking the Sioux used in the past. In recent times, some of the tribes have formally or informally reclaimed traditional names: the Rosebud Sioux Tribe is also known as the "Sičháŋǧu Oyáte", and the Oglala often use the name "Oglála Lakȟóta Oyáte", rather than the English "Oglala Sioux Tribe" or OST. The alternative English spelling of Ogallala is considered improper. The Sioux are divided into three ethnic groups, the larger of which are divided into sub-groups, and further branched into bands. The earliest known European

neg: Ed Schafer became the highest-paid administrator in the state's entire higher education system history to that time. Schafer was paid $33,216 per month for his work that commenced on January 15, 2016, and continued through June 30, 2016. Schafer's contract paid him $2,250 per month more than the retiring president, Robert Kelley, was earning after more than seven years in that position. Among the tasks Schafer inherited was overseeing the final stages of the Fighting Sioux naming issue that erupted over objections by various tribes, ethnic groups, and First Nation peoples identifying as Sioux, many other groups and thought leaders because of

neg: Tribe (Native American) context, a nation comprise several tribes. Crudely, a nation speaks a language, however that is conceived. In addition to their status as legal entities, tribes have political, social, historical, and other aspects. The term is also used to refer to various groups of Native Americans bound together for social, political, or religious purposes, including descendants of members of these groups. Tribes are typically characterized by distinct territory, and common language or dialect. Other characteristics include common culture and ethnicity. Tribes are susceptible to overlapping external and internal definition. Whereas outsiders use their own definitions for what a tribe is, and

neg: Birdtail Sioux First Nation Birdtail Sioux First Nation Birdtail Sioux First Nation are a Dakota First Nation located approximately 50 km north of Virden, Manitoba. The first nation has a population of approximately 643 people on approximately of land. It is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Miniota and the Rural Municipality of Archie. The main settlement of Birdtail Sioux is located at . The First Nation has a kindergarten to Grade12 school (Chan Kagha Otina Dakota Wayawa Tipi School –Frontier school Division), an Adult Learning Centre (Birdtail Sioux Adult Learning Centre – Frontier School Division), a police detachment (Dakota Sioux Tribal Police) and

neg: Yankton Sioux Tribe flag during the council at Calumet Bluff in late August 1804. Lewis declared the baby an American. This boy grew up to become a headman (chief) of the Ihanktonwan Dakota (Yankton Sioux), known as Struck By-the-Ree. However, the journals of the expedition make no mention of this incident. By the late 1850s, pressure to open up what is now southeastern South Dakota to white settlement had become very strong. Struck-by-the-Ree and several other headmen journeyed to Washington, D.C., in late 1857 to negotiate a treaty with the federal government. For more than three and a half months, they worked out

neg: Ralph Engelstad Arena that the decision regarding the UND Fighting Sioux was arbitrary and capricious. In addition, the legal papers noted that UND has a Native American Studies program, has Native Americans on its faculty, and has a significant Native American student population. The lawsuit with the NCAA was settled under the condition that UND had three years to gain tribal support from both Sioux nations in North Dakota, or retire the Sioux name and logo. After the three years expired, permission was obtained from only one of the two Sioux tribes. The North Dakota Legislative Assembly passed a law requiring the University

neg: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) the Sioux Indians had stopped the advance of the US in 1868, they quickly resumed their “own program of expansions” into the adjoining Indian territories. Although all parties took and gave, the Sioux and their allies once again threatened the homeland of some of the Indian nations around them. Attacks on the Crows and the Shoshones were “frequent, both by the Northern Cheyennes and by the Arapahos, as well as the Sioux, and by parties made up from all three tribes”. The Crows reported Sioux Indians in the Bighorn area from 1871. This eastern part of the Crow reservation was

neg: Treaty of Traverse des Sioux miles downstream near what developed as Redwood Falls, Minnesota. The Upper Sioux were not satisfied with their reservation because of low food supplies, but as it included several of their old villages, they agreed to stay. The Lower Sioux were displaced from their traditional woodlands, and were dissatisfied with their new territory of mostly prairie. The Sioux also resented the separate "trader's paper" that was included in the treaty, as it paid $400,000 of the promised treaty annuity total to fur traders and mixed-bloods who had financial claims against the tribes. Traders' papers were documents that contained the names of

neg: Kyle Thousand Kyle Thousand Kyle Jason Thousand (born October 2, 1980 in Sioux City, Iowa) is a sports agent and the head of the baseball division at Roc Nation Sports. Roc Nation Sports, a division of Roc Nation, was launched by Jay Z in the spring of 2013 with his long-time business partner Juan Perez. Roc Nation Sports is an exclusive sports agency that is home to the some of the world's best athletes in baseball, football, basketball and boxing. Thousand grew up in Sioux City, Iowa where he attended Sioux City North High School and went on to receive his degree

neg: North Dakota Fighting Sioux controversy from enforcing the rule. On October 26, 2007, a settlement between UND and the NCAA was reached preventing the case from going to trial. The settlement gave UND three years to gain support from the state's Sioux tribes to continue to use the Fighting Sioux nickname and logo. If that support was not granted at the end of the three years, UND agreed to retire the Fighting Sioux nickname and logo, remove most of the existing Fighting Sioux imagery in campus facilities, and pick a new nickname and logo to represent UND's athletic teams. On May 14, 2009, the North

neg: Cherokee Nation that," said Miller. "But the problem is when you have groups that call themselves 'nation', or 'band', or 'tribe', because that implies governance. Many groups have sought recognition by the federal government as Cherokee tribes, but today there are only three groups so recognized. Cherokee Nation spokesman Mike Miller has said that some groups, which he calls Cherokee Heritage Groups, are encouraged. Others have created controversy by their attempts to gain economically through their claims to be Cherokee. The three federally recognized groups say that only they have the legal right to present themselves as Cherokee Indian Tribes. Prior to

neg: Hupacasath First Nation and Muhuulaht people decided to amalgamate prior to the European’s (or any other groups) arrival to the territory. This decision was made because each of the tribes were at war with the Coast Salish people and they thought that joining the three tribes would make them stronger in their war against the Salish. After the amalgamation, all three tribes decided that they were now to be called the Hupacasath. They also decided that Kanaawis was to be the head chief of the tribe because he was the strongest Hupacasath warrior. The Hupacasath people use the whole territory to exercise their

neg: Ummah eat from the good foods and work righteousness. Indeed, I, of what you do, am Knowing. And indeed this, your ummah (nation), is one ummah (nation), and I am your Lord, so fear Me." [Qur'an, Surah Al-Mu'minun (The believers) (23:51-52)] Initially it did not appear that the new Muslim community would oppose the tribes that already existed in Mecca. The first Muslims did not need to make a break with traditional Quraysh customs since the vision for the new community included moral norms that were not unfamiliar to the tribal society of Mecca. However, what distinguished this community from the

neg: Crow Nation Battle of the Little Big Horn in the Crow Indian Reservation, but the Great Sioux War (1876–1877) ended in the defeat of the Sioux and their Cheyenne allies. Crow warriors enlisted with the US Army for this war. The Sioux and allies were forced from eastern Montana and Wyoming: some bands fled to Canada, while others suffered forced removal to distant reservations, primarily in present-day Montana and Nebraska west of the Missouri River. In 1918, the Crow organized a gathering to display their culture, and they invited members of other tribes. The Crow Fair is now celebrated yearly on the

neg: Impact of Native American gaming has struggled to achieve success with gaming enterprises. Regardless of its thousands of members and approximately 12 gambling halls, the Sioux Nation is unable to benefit from gaming enterprises because it is too isolated from potential customers. Another example is found in San Diego County. Four tribes in San Diego County had ambitious plans for a $100 million-plus resort and convention center but preemptively scaled back this idea because they are in an inconvenient location. Far away from other civilization and in close proximity to each other, the tribes concluded their chances of an overwhelming success were slim. The Pine

neg: Lewis and Clark Expedition women in higher regard. They witnessed that many of the Indian nations were constantly at war with other tribes, especially the Sioux, who, while remaining generally friendly to the white fur traders, had proudly boasted and justified the almost complete destruction of the once great "Cahokia" nation, along with the "Missouris", "Illinois", "Kaskaskia", and "Piorias" tribes that lived about the countryside adjacent to the upper Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Sacagawea, sometimes called Sakajawea or Sakagawea ( 1788December 20, 1812), was a Shoshone Indian woman who arrived with her husband Toussaint Charbonneau on the expedition to the Pacific Ocean. On February

neg: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the Crow Nation: "One Who Helps People Throughout the Land." Obama has told Native American leaders that he wants to improve the "nation-to-nation" relationship between the United States and the tribes and repair broken promises. Today, there are more than 560 Indian tribes in the United States that are recognized at the federal level, with some sixty-plus tribes recognized at the state level. Many had representatives at the White House conference and applauded Obama's announcement. The Obama administration's decision came after three consultation meetings with Native Americans and more than 3,000 written comments on the subject. The support of

neg: History of Omaha, Nebraska point of transfer for both people and goods. Since the 17th century, the Pawnee, Otoe, Sioux, and Ioway all variously occupied the land that became Omaha. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries when they were the most powerful Indians along the stretch of the Missouri River north of the Platte, the Omaha nation moved on the western edge of present-day Bellevue, Nebraska. Prior to European-American establishment of the city, numerous Indian tribes had inhabited the area, including the Pawnee, Otoe, Sioux, the Missouri and Ioway. They had developed a semi-nomadic lifestyle necessary for survival on the Great Plains.

neg: Council of Energy Resource Tribes Council of Energy Resource Tribes The Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) is a consortium of Native American tribes in the United States established to increase tribal control over natural resources. It was founded in September 1975 by twenty-five tribes under the leadership of the Navajo Nation under chairman Peter McDonald. The tribes that make up CERT control 40 per cent of the mineable uranium deposits in the United States, four per cent of its oil and gas, and 30 per cent of the strippable Western coal. CERT's initial goal was to force renegotiation of contracts for natural resources, primarily

neg: Kuwaiti Arabic Kuwaiti Arabic Kuwaiti (in Kuwaiti كويتي, //) is a Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in Kuwait. Kuwaiti Arabic shares many phonetic features unique to Gulf dialects. Due to Kuwait's soap opera industry, Kuwaiti Arabic spread throughout the Arabic-speaking world and became familiar even to people in countries such as Tunisia and Jordan. Since Kuwait was a nation of immigrants with no native population, Kuwait has a different sociolinguists structure. Three groups make up the Kuwaiti population: the first being the descendant of Arab tribes, while the second are people originally from Al-Hasa, Bahrain and Iraq, and the third are people originally

neg: Chitto Harjo above every other law and that is away up yonder—high up—for,' said he, 'if any other town or nation or any other tribe come against you I will see through that law that you are protected. It does not make any difference to you,' he said, 'if as many as twelve other nations come against you or twelve other tribes come against you it will not make any difference for I will combine with you and protect you and overthrow them all. I will protect you in all things and take care of everything about your existence so you will

neg: Nebraska Indian Community College by each of the three Nebraska Indian Tribes. A Board of Trustees composed of three members from each tribe was appointed by the individual Tribal Councils to govern the college. To reflect its independent status, the Board renamed the institution the Nebraska Indian Community College. Nebraska Indian Community College Nebraska Indian Community College is a co-educational public, regionally accredited community college located in Macy, Nebraska. Today NICC serves the Omaha Tribe and the Santee Sioux Nation, and maintains an open door philosophy. The multicampus structure of NICC provides opportunities for individualized attention and distance learning for students and teachers who

neg: Birdtail Sioux First Nation In March 2015, Ken Chalmers was reelected. In March 2017, the Birdtail Sioux First Nation adopted the First Nations Election Act of Canada which gave them the option of a two or four-year term for Chief and Council. Chalmers was reelected as chief again until March 2021. Present Council elected under the new act include councillors Carson Benn, Chris Benn, Lindsay Bunn Jr. and Douglas Hanska Sr. Birdtail Sioux First Nation Birdtail Sioux First Nation are a Dakota First Nation located approximately 50 km north of Virden, Manitoba. The first nation has a population of approximately 643 people on approximately

neg: Des Peres, Missouri (with Lee Falk) and original illustrator. The Lodge is an upscale, state of the art community center that includes indoor and outdoor aquatic facilities, fitness center, gymnasium, and meeting rooms. Des Peres, Missouri Des Peres () is a city in west St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,373 at the 2010 census. The first inhabitants of Des Peres were the Cahokia, the Kaskaskia, the Michigamea, the Moingwena, and the Tamaroa tribes. The Osage Nation lived in the area around Des Peres. The Osage were members of the Dhegiha Sioux group of tribes. This group also included the

neg: Gary Clayton Anderson The work notes that the native tribes overcame conquest, drought, and disease. Many Indians became prosperous despite the odds they faced. Some of tribes joined Spanish missions, and others assimilated with other native peoples. The Indians also developed significant economic systems which continue in essence for three centuries afterwards. Anderson also has written a book on the Sioux chief Little Crow, entitled "Little Crow: Spokesman for the Sioux", published in 1986 by the Minnesota Historical Society Press. A contributor to "New Mexico Historical Review" calls "Little Crow" a "major contribution to our understanding of an Indian tribe that profoundly influenced

neg: Lower Sioux Indian Reservation what were primarily Dakota tribes in southern Minnesota, including the Lower Sioux Community in Redwood and Scott counties, the New Upper Sioux Community in Yellow Medicine County, the Prairie Island Community in Goodhue County, and about 15 individuals living on restricted tracts in Yellow Medicine County. Discussions between the BIA and the tribal Indians from the targeted area began in 1953 and continued throughout 1954. Though the Prairie Island and Lower Sioux communities drafted agreements for distribution of land to individual households and ownership, the Upper Sioux strongly opposed fee-simple title to tribal lands. On 26 January 1955 Senator Edward

neg: I Remain Alive I Remain Alive I Remain Alive: the Sioux Literary Renaissance is a scholarly book written by Ruth J. Heflin and published by Syracuse University Press in 2000. "I Remain Alive" focuses on five Sioux, or "Oyate" (meaning "the People"), writers from what is often called the Transitional Period for American Indian writers. The book provides a perspective for non-Indians on what life was like for the different Sioux tribes in the late 1800s before discussing how these five writers—Charles Alexander Eastman ("Ohiyesa"), Luther Standing Bear, Zitkala Sa ("Gertrude Simmons Bonnin"), Ella Cara Deloria, and Nicholas Black Elk—used their connections between

neg: Native American recognition in the United States draw people away from common concerns." Today there are 573 groups (bands and tribes) recognized as Native American by the government. Those tribes which have already achieved federal recognition do not want the process made easier. Some spokesmen discuss what other kinds of groups might be encouraged, without encroaching on the recognized tribes. Cherokee Nation spokesman Mike Miller suggests that people with an interest in Indian culture can form heritage groups. Federally recognized tribes are suspicious of non-recognized tribes' efforts to gain acknowledgment, concerned that they may dilute already limited federal benefits. As casino gambling has raised tribal revenues dramatically,

neg: United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians, 448 U.S. 371 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that: 1) the enactment by Congress of a law allowing the Sioux Nation to pursue a claim against the United States that had been previously adjudicated did not violate the doctrine of separation of powers; and 2) the taking of property that was set aside for the use of the tribe required just compensation, including interest. The Fort Laramie Treaty of April 29, 1868, pledged that the Great Sioux Reservation,

neg: Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation Fastpitch tournament draws prizes of about $14,000 depending on the number of teams entered. The Pow-wow is generally divided into various categories, such as a drum contest and dance contests based on ages and/or styles. Competitors from many different First Nations participate. The main townsite is located on the shores of Lac Ste. Anne, which the Nakota Sioux call "Wakâmne", or God's lake. Every summer there is a pilgrimage to the lake which is attended by up to 40,000 over four days, most of First Nations and Métis descent. Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation The Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation no.

neg: Northern Cherokee Nation of the Old Louisiana Territory of the Cherokee Nation, has said that the proclamation issued on June 1983 by then-governor Kit Bond where Bond "acknowledged the existence of the Northern Cherokee Tribe" as "an American Indian Tribe within the State of Missouri" and declared June 24, 1983 Northern Cherokee Recognition Day, "does not make the Northern Cherokee a state-recognized tribe" because "Missouri has no established process for recognizing state tribes, and a list of state-recognized tribes will vary, depending on who you ask." Federal recognition of an Indian tribe can be achieved in one of three ways; by recognition through the Bureau of Indian Affairs,

neg: Seneca-Cayuga Nation to out-of-state tribes' attempting to enter into cases related to treaties made after such tribes' ancestors had left the state. Seneca-Cayuga Nation The Seneca–Cayuga Nation is one of three federally recognized tribes of Seneca people in the United States. It includes the Cayuga people and is based in Oklahoma, United States. The tribe had more than 5,000 people in 2011. They have a tribal jurisdictional area in the northeast corner of Oklahoma and are headquartered in Grove. They are descended from Iroquoian peoples who had relocated to Ohio from New York in the mid-18th century. Two of the three federally

neg: Treaties of Portage des Sioux and consolidate earlier treaties in which the United States had secured vast territory of the Midwest from tribes in agreements that had earlier not been signed by all the appropriate Native American representatives. The earlier treaties included the Treaty of St. Louis (1804) in which the Sac and Fox ceded a swath of land from Missouri through Illinois and Wisconsin and the Treaty of Fort Clark in 1808 in which the Osage Nation ceded Missouri and Arkansas west of Fort Clark. The treaties were to form the legal basis in which tribes were to be relocated west of Missouri in

neg: Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development Valley Rancheria CTUIR Public Transit, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Joint Tribal-State Jurisdiction, Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Oneida Advocacy Through Investment Holdings, Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Project Pueblo: Economic Development Revitalization Project, Ysleta del Sur Pueblo —2014 Honorees— High Honors: Potawatomi Leadership Program, Citizen Potawatomi Nation Owe’neh Bupingeh Rehabilitation Project, Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribal Child Welfare Program, Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe Honors: Lummi Nation Wetland and Habitat Mitigation Bank, Lummi Nation Scott County Association for Leadership and Efficiency (SCALE), Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community Swinomish Climate Change Initiative, Swinomish Indian Tribal Community —2015 Honorees— Academic