query: who organized the first pan african conference in 1900

pos: First Pan-African Conference First Pan-African Conference The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 "in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events"). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Town Hall (now Caxton Hall) and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W. E. B. Du

pos: First Pan-African Conference facing Africa as a result of European colonization. A centenary commemorative event was held in London on 25 July 2000, attended by descendants of some of the delegates at the original conference, as well as descendants of delegates at the 1945 5th Pan-African Congress in Manchester. First Pan-African Conference The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 "in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events"). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Town Hall (now

pos: First Pan-African Conference First Pan-African Conference The First Pan-African Conference was held in London from 23 to 25 July 1900 (just prior to the Paris Exhibition of 1900 "in order to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events"). Organized primarily by the Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, it took place in Westminster Town Hall (now Caxton Hall) and was attended by 37 delegates and about 10 other participants and observers from Africa, the West Indies, the US and the UK, including Samuel Coleridge Taylor (the youngest delegate), John Alcindor, Dadabhai Naoroji, John Archer, Henry Francis Downing, and W. E. B. Du

pos: W. E. B. Du Bois In 1900 Du Bois attended the First Pan-African Conference, held in London from July 23 to 25. (This was just before the Paris Exhibition of 1900 "to allow tourists of African descent to attend both events".) It was organized by men from the Caribbean: Haitians Anténor Firmin and Bénito Sylvain and Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams. Du Bois played a leading role in drafting a letter ("Address to the Nations of the World") to European leaders appealing to them to struggle against racism, to grant colonies in Africa and the West Indies the right to self-government and to demand political

neg: Pan-Africanism Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery". The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900. With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected

neg: Continentalism of a broader economic globalization, the increasing trade between Canada and the United States is not generally seen as a threat to Canadian sovereignty. Continentalism in Africa, commonly referred to as Pan-Africanism, is a sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement that seeks to unify native Africans and members of the African diaspora into a "global African community". Pan-Africanism calls for a politically united Africa. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the beginning of the twentieth century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was organized by Henry Sylvester-Williams around 1887, and the first Pan-African Conference was held in 1900. Continentalism in

neg: Pan-African Congress Pan-African Congress The Pan-African Congress — following on from the first Pan-African Conference of 1900 in London — was a series of seven meetings, held in 1919 in Paris (1st Pan-African Congress), 1921 in London (2nd Pan-African Congress), 1923 in London (3rd Pan-African Congress), 1927 in New York City (4th Pan-African Congress), 1945 in Manchester (5th Pan-African Congress), 1974 in Dar es Salaam (6th Pan-African Congress), 1994 in Kampala (7th Pan-African Congress), and 2014 in Accra that were intended to address the issues facing Africa as a result of European colonization of most of the continent. The Pan-African Congress gained

neg: First Pan-African Conference adverse opinion which had been created against them in some quarters of late by their enemies might be changed." After the conference ended, Williams set up branches of the Pan-African Association in Jamaica, Trinidad and the USA. He also launched a short-lived journal, "The Pan-African", in October 1901. Although plans for the association to meet every two years failed, the 1900 conference encouraged the development of the Pan-African Congress. As Tony Martin noted, "At least three of the Caribbean delegates later emigrated to Africa. George Christian of Dominica became a successful lawyer and legislator in the Gold Coast (Ghana) where

neg: Pan-African Congress an important step towards the end of those imperial powers in Africa. Unlike the four earlier congresses, the fifth one involved people from the African Diaspora, including Afro-Caribbeans and Afro-Americans. Manchester had a significant part to play in helping the African countries to march forward in their fight to independence. Pan-African Congress The Pan-African Congress — following on from the first Pan-African Conference of 1900 in London — was a series of seven meetings, held in 1919 in Paris (1st Pan-African Congress), 1921 in London (2nd Pan-African Congress), 1923 in London (3rd Pan-African Congress), 1927 in New York City (4th

neg: William Tubman 1944, he and former president Edwin Barclay traveled to the White House as guests of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first African heads of state to be received there. Following the war, which resulted in an anti-colonial movement on the African continent, Tubman strengthened ties among fellow Africans by participating in the Asian-African Conference of 1955 and the First Conference of Independent African States in Accra, organized in 1958 by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. In 1959, Tubman organized the Second Conference of African States. In 1961, following a Pan-African conference held in Monrovia, Tubman helped to found the African Union.

neg: Henry Sylvester-Williams Inn, and Kinloch was the association's first treasurer. Some English people felt the Association would not last three months but by 1900 Williams was ready to hold the first Pan-African Conference (subsequent gatherings were known as Congresses). The three-day gathering took place at Westminster Town Hall on 23, 24, and 25 July with delegates comprising "men and women of African blood and descent" from West and South Africa, the West Indies, the United States and Liberia. W. E. B. Du Bois, who was to become the movement's torchbearer at subsequent Pan-African Congresses, was a participant and his Address to the

neg: Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society initially gained momentum as news of the success of various anti-colonial efforts reached the Gold Coast, particularly the "Japanese defeat of imperial Russia" and the Ethiopian defeat of the Italians. In addition to the news of successful anti-colonial movements, the Gold Coast ARPS was interested in the growing formation of pan-African conferences that sought to discuss "questions 'affecting the Native races'". The Gold Coast ARPS was particularly interested in the Pan-African Conference that took place in July 1900 in London, the first conference of its kind to occur. The influence of this conference on the members of the Gold Coast

neg: Pan-African Congress in 1946 by Nkrumah and Kenyatta. There were 33 delegates from the West Indies and 35 from various British organizations, including the West African Students Union. The presence of 77-year-old Du Bois was historic, as he had organized the First Pan-African Congress in 1919. The British Press scarcely mentioned the conference. A number of resolutions were passed, among them the criminalization of racial discrimination and the main resolution decrying imperialism and capitalism. Pan-Africanism is aimed at the economic, intellectual and political cooperation of the African countries. It demands that the riches of the continent be used for the enlistment of

neg: First Pan-African Conference Africa that followed the 1884-5 Congress of Berlin. The formation of the association marked an early stage in the development of the anti-colonialist movement, and was established to encourage the unity of Africans and people of African descent, particularly in territories of the British empire, concerning itself with injustices in Britain's African and Caribbean colonies. In March 1898 the association issued a circular calling for a pan-African conference. Booker T. Washington, who had been travelling in the UK in the summer of 1899, wrote in a letter to African-American newspapers: When the First Pan-African Conference opened on Monday, 23 July

neg: Africa Day and the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon. The Union of South Africa was not invited. The conference showcased progress of liberation movements on the Africa continent in addition to symbolizing the determination of the people of Africa to free themselves from foreign domination and exploitation. Although the Pan-African Congress had been working towards similar goals since its foundation in 1900, this was the first time such a meeting had taken place on African soil. The Conference called for the founding of an "African Freedom Day", a day to "...mark each year the onward progress of the liberation movement, and

neg: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor which was conducted by Professor Charles Villiers Stanford at its 1898 premiere and proved to be highly popular, Coleridge-Taylor made three tours of the United States. He became increasingly interested in his paternal racial heritage in the United States. Coleridge-Taylor participated as the youngest delegate at the 1900 First Pan-African Conference held in London, and met leading Americans through this connection, including poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and scholar and activist W.E.B. Du Bois. His father Daniel Taylor was descended from African-American slaves who were freed by the British and evacuated from the colonies at the end of the American Revolutionary

neg: Henri Lopes (Congolese politician) 1993 Lopes received the Grand prix de la francophonie of the Académie française for his entire body of work. In November 2015, he delivered the keynote address at the 22nd International African Writers' Day Conference, organized by the Pan African Writers' Association (PAWA) on the theme "Celebrating the life and works of Chinua Achebe; the coming of age of African Literature?", in Accra, Ghana. During the conference Lopes received the award of Honorary Membership of PAWA, alongside other honorees who included the late Kwame Nkrumah, Emeritus Professor Ekwueme Michael Thelwell, Dr Margaret Busby, James Currey, Professor Jophus Anamuah-Mensah, Dr Joyce

neg: Anna H. Jones the talks that resulted in the creation of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs. She wrote three biographical sketches for Hallie Q. Brown's "Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction" (1926). Jones traveled to London in 1900 for the First Pan-African Conference, in the company of Anna Julia Cooper, Fannie Barrier Williams, and Ella D. Barrier, among others. Jones and Cooper were the only two African-American women to address the Conference; Jones presented a paper titled "The Preservation of Race Individuality." She later corresponded with W. E. B. DuBois. In 1905 her two-part essay, "A Century's Progress for the

neg: Margaret Busby Nkrumah's mentor George Padmore and attended school with C. L. R. James at Queen's Royal College, winning the island scholarship and becoming a doctor who eventually settled in the Gold Coast. Through her maternal line, she is a cousin of BBC newscaster Moira Stuart, and her grandfather was George James Christian, a delegate at the First Pan-African Conference that was held in London in 1900, who migrated to the Gold Coast in 1902. After leaving school in Sussex at 15, Margaret Busby read English at Bedford College, London University, where she became editor of her college literary magazine as well

neg: Neocolonialism Stage of Imperialism", Kwame Nkrumah wrote: Neocolonialism was used to describe a type of foreign intervention in countries belonging to the Pan-Africanist movement, as well as the Bandung Conference (Asian–African Conference, 1955), which led to the Non-Aligned Movement (1961). Neocolonialism was formally defined by the All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) and published in the "Resolution on Neo-colonialism". At both the Tunis conference (1960) and the Cairo conference (1961), AAPC described the actions of the French Community of independent states, organized by France, as neocolonial. Throughout the decades of the Cold War, the countries of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of

neg: Horace Campbell Conference of Black Political Scientists. He was an active member of the African Association of Political Science and was the guest editor of the first issue of the "African Journal of Political Science", where he coordinated the publication on the question of Pan-Africanism in the 21st century. In the Global Pan-African movement he worked closely with the late Tajudeen Abdul Raheem to articulate a more inclusive and internationalist concept of Pan African emancipation in the 21st Century. In 2005, he served as the Chairperson of the Walter Rodney Commemoration Committee. This was a committee of activists who seek to extend

neg: Richard Akinwande Savage Richard Akinwande Savage Richard Akinwande Savage (1874–1935) was a prominent physician, journalist and politician in Lagos, Nigeria during the colonial era. Richard Akinwande Savage was born in 1874, the son of a successful merchant in Lagos descended from Egba and Sierra Leone families. He attended the University of Edinburgh where he studied medicine, served as an officer in the Afro-West Indian Society, edited the 1899–1900 "Hand Book" and was sub-editor of "The Student". He attended the Pan-African conference in London in July 1900. He was the last African to be appointed to the colonial medical service, as an Assistant Colonial

neg: Ella D. Barrier Washington for more than forty years, working as a teacher, school principal, and clubwoman. Barrier helped develop the Washington branch of the YWCA. In 1891 she taught in Toronto, as part of a teacher exchange project. In 1900 she and her sister traveled as African-American representatives at the Paris Exposition, and to the First Pan-African Conference in London, in a delegation that included Anna Julia Cooper and W. E. B. DuBois. She was active in the Colored Women's League in Washington. Ella D. Barrier and her sister lived together in Brockport in their last years. Fannie died in 1944, and

neg: First Pan-African Conference that he has received the Queen's commands to inform you that the Memorial of the Pan-African Conference requesting the situation of the native races in South Africa, has been laid before Her Majesty, and that she was graciously pleased to command him to return an answer to it on behalf of her government. 2. Mr. Chamberlain accordingly desires to assure the members of the Pan-African Conference that, it settling the lines on which the administration of the conquered territories is to be conducted, Her Majesty's Government will not overlook the interests and welfare of the native races. Days later, Victoria

neg: John Alcindor 1907. At this period he played cricket, as a wicket keeper for London teams. Refused a place in the Royal Army Medical Corps, Alcindor was awarded a Red Cross medal for his work with the wounded at London rail stations during World War I. Alcindor served as senior district medical officer of the London borough of Paddington from 1921 until his death. He is the great-uncle of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor, Jr.). Alcindor associated in the late 1890s with the group around Henry Sylvester-Williams and his African Association. They were behind the First Pan-African Conference in 1900, which

neg: Pan-African University Pan-African University The Pan-African University (or Pan African University) (PAU) is a post-graduate training and research network of university nodes in five regions, supported by the African Union. The new organization is also supported by the Association of African Universities. The first African Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology was held in 2003 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The attendees undertook to improve the quality of science and technology education, and saw that the PAU would be necessary to improve the quality of science education and thereby to improve productivity of African economies. These ideas were elaborated in a "concept note"

neg: Pan-African University Internal Auditor – MitschelleAkoth Onyango (PAULESI, East Africa). Pan-African University The Pan-African University (or Pan African University) (PAU) is a post-graduate training and research network of university nodes in five regions, supported by the African Union. The new organization is also supported by the Association of African Universities. The first African Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology was held in 2003 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The attendees undertook to improve the quality of science and technology education, and saw that the PAU would be necessary to improve the quality of science education and thereby to improve productivity of African economies.

neg: Pan-African Ornithological Congress throughout Africa. In 1988 PAOC became a permanent institution with the adoption of a constitution at PAOC 7 in Nairobi. The first francophone venue was Bujumbura, Burundi, in 1992, and the first North African venue the island of Djerba, Tunisia, in 2004. Subjects covered by the published proceedings show that, from the first to the eleventh congresses the number of papers on bird conservation topics increased considerably. Pan-African Ornithological Congress The Pan-African Ornithological Congress (PAOC) is a regular conference on African ornithology, usually held every four years at an African venue. Its geographic scope is: "...the entire continent from North

neg: First Pan-African Conference Richard Phipps' complaint of discrimination against black people in the Trinidadian civil service and an attack by William Meyer, a medical student at Edinburgh University, on pseudo-scientific racism. Discussions followed the presentation of the papers, and on the last day George James Christian, a law student from Dominica, led a discussion on the subject "Organized Plunder and Human Progress Have Made Our Race Their Battlefield", saying that in the past "Africans had been kidnapped from their land, and in South Africa and Rhodesia slavery was being revived in the form of forced labour." The conference culminated in the conversion of

neg: Kappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare and academic scholarship through the "Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation" and is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North-American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the first predominantly African American Greek-letter society founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence, and is known for its "cane stepping" in NPHC organized step shows. Kappa Alpha Psi celebrated its 100th anniversary on January 5, 2011, and is one of four predominantly African American collegiate fraternities

neg: Pan-Africanism suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African People’s Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. The Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan. The Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black

neg: Henry Sylvester-Williams British Empire, by direct appeals to the Imperial and local Governments." In 1900 Williams organised the First Pan-African Conference, held at Westminster Town Hall in London. In 1903 he went to practise as a barrister in South Africa, becoming the first black man to be called to the bar in the Cape Colony. Williams was born in 1869 in Arouca, Trinidad. His father Bishop Williams was a wheelwright from Barbados. His mother's name was Elizabeth. Williams attended the Arouca School, which at the time was run by a Chinese Trinidadian known as Stoney Smith. Williams started his working life at

neg: First Pan-African Conference 1900, in London's Westminster Hall, Bishop Alexander Walters in his opening address, "The Trials and Tribulations of the Coloured Race in America", noted that "for the first time in history black people had gathered from all parts of the globe to discuss and improve the condition of their race, to assert their rights and organize so that they might take an equal place among nations." The Bishop of London, Mandell Creighton, gave a speech of welcome "referring to 'the benefits of self-government' which Britain must confer on 'other races ... as soon as possible'." Speakers over the three days addressed

neg: Jaja Wachuku conference, "The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 8 c. 1940-c. 1975" said: ""Continuing interest among the black intelligentsia in African culture was signalled by the creation of the American Society of African Culture (AMSAC) in 1956, which restricted membership to persons of African descent... Its third annual conference, in Philadelphia in 1960, devoted itself to the discussion of `African Unities and Pan-Africanism', and can be regarded as an event in the history of the movement. Some of those present had strong links with the Pan-Africanist past, notably Rayford W. Logan, who had played an important part in the era of

neg: Henry Francis Downing the spread of cholera. By then, Downing had become the editor of the "Brooklyn Messenger". On November 4, 1892, the newspaper editor joined C. Holliday of Topeka and George P. H. McVay of Harlem, editor of the "Uptown Press", at the College Street Chapel for a discussion. In 1895, Downing traveled with his wife to London. They chose to stay and lived there for 22 years. He was a participant in the First Pan-African Conference there in 1900. While in London, Downing concentrated on creative writing, publishing several plays and a novel, "" (1917). Downing was inspired by the life

neg: Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society ARPS was a renewed belief that, eventually, the indigenous African peoples would be able to successfully rise up against the imperialist powers that had subjugated them for centuries and begin to govern themselves. This interest in pan-Africanism manifested itself in attempts by the Gold Coast ARPS to hold a similar conference on the Gold Coast, although the idea never came to fruition. Despite this inability to create their own pan-African conference, the Gold Coast ARPS in 1912 participated in a pan-African conference at what is now Tuskegee University. The impact of the Gold Coast ARPS' interaction with global pan-Africanist and

neg: Caxton Hall empty for years getting a place on the Buildings at Risk Register. It was listed as a building of Special Architectural or Historic Interest on 15 March 1984. It was redeveloped as apartments and offices in 2006. The facade and former register office at the front of the building facing Caxton Street were restored and retained being converted into luxury flats (see Facadism). The rear of the building, containing the halls, was demolished and a circular office building, named the Asticus Building, was built on the site. It was the location of the First Pan-African Conference in 1900. The Women's

neg: Stone Age artificial mix of two different periods". Once seriously questioned, the intermediates did not wait for the next Pan African Congress two years hence, but were officially rejected in 1965 (again on an advisory basis) by Burg Wartenstein Conference #29, "Systematic Investigation of the African Later Tertiary and Quaternary", a conference in anthropology held by the Wenner-Gren Foundation, at Burg Wartenstein Castle, which it then owned in Austria, attended by the same scholars that attended the Pan African Congress, including Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey, who was delivering a pilot presentation of her typological analysis of Early Stone Age tools, to

neg: Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof institute a Joint Industrial Council. Cham Joof was appointed Chairman of the Joint Industrial Council in the early 1960s. From the 1960s, Cham Joof stood out as one of the leading Pan-Africanist in the Gambia. He attended the first Pan-African Youth Movement Conference that was held in Tunisia in 1960 and the second conference in 1961 at Tanzania. In these conferences, he got to meet Julius Nyerere and Kenneth Kaunda (who later became first presidents of Tanzania and Zambia respectively) and held political discussions with Kenneth Kaunda (whom he shared a plane with) about gaining independence for Africa. In the

neg: First Pan-African Conference the African Association (formed by Sylvester Williams in 1897) into the Pan-African Association, and the implementation of a unanimously adopted "Address to the Nations of the World", sent to various heads of state where people of African descent were living and suffering oppression. The address implored the United States and the imperial European nations to “acknowledge and protect the rights of people of African descent” and to respect the integrity and independence of "the free Negro States of Abyssinia, Liberia, Haiti, etc." Signed by Walters (President of the Pan-African Association), the Canadian Rev. Henry B. Brown (Vice-President), Williams (General Secretary)

neg: Jeffery Renard Allen Forum, in 2012 Allen organized a national reading tour for South African Poet Laureate Keorapetse Kgositsile. The Pan African Literary Forum has also collaborated on readings and panel discussions at The New School and for the National Black Writers Conference at Medgar Evers College. In the essay "Water Brought Us" published in "Callaloo" in 2007, Allen examines how his travels on the African continent were reshaping his thoughts about race, slavery, and place. In subsequent interviews, he has talked about how the time he spent on the Swahili islands of Lamu (off the Kenyan coast) and Zanzibar in East Africa

neg: Pan-African Congress of Versailles, black ex-servicemen and educated urban classes became disillusioned. Because colonialism had been built on the foundation of capitalism, socialist ideas of equality and global collaboration appealed to these budding revolutionaries. A letter from Jamaican writer and socialist Claude McKay to Leon Trotsky in 1922 refers to the experience of black soldiers: In February 1919, the first Pan-African Congress was organized by W. E. B. Du Bois and Ida Gibbs Hunt, wife of US Consul William Henry Hunt, who was at that time working at the American consulate in Saint-Étienne, France. There were 57 delegates representing 15 countries, a

neg: Anna J. Cooper at this event, along with: Fannie Barrier Williams, Sarah Jane Woodson Early, Hallie Quinn Brown, and Fanny Jackson Coppin. Cooper was also present at the first Pan-African Conference in London, England, in 1900 and delivered a paper entitled "The Negro Problem in America." In a 1902 speech she said: In 1914, at the age of 56, Cooper began courses for her doctoral degree at Columbia University, but was forced to interrupt her studies in 1915 when she adopted her late half-brother's five children upon their mother's death. Later on she transferred her credits to the University of Paris-Sorbonne, which did

neg: Color line (racism) Pan-African Conference in London in July 1900, the delegates adopted an "Address to the Nations of the World", drafted by Du Bois and to which he was a signatory, that contained the sentence: "The problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the colour-line". Three years later, in his 1903 book, Du Bois used the phrase first in his introduction, titled "The Forethought", writing: "This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of color line". The phrase occurs again in the book's second essay, "Of the Dawn

neg: Moira Stuart Antigua (where her great-great-grandfather was enslaved) and to Dominica, where her great-grandfather George James Christian was born. Christian was a delegate at the 1900 First Pan-African Conference in London (making a speech that was reported in "The Times", about the treatment of South Africans in the Boer War), before migrating to the Gold Coast, West Africa. During the programme, she discovered the story of how her maternal grandfather Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon met his wife Clara Christian when both were studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh. While he completed his degree and qualified as a doctor in 1918 (initially going

neg: ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics The ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics is a biennial academic conference on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology, organized by the African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ASBCB). The conference was first held in 2007 as the "ASBCB Conference on the Bioinformatics of African Pathogens, Hosts and Vectors". Since 2009, the conference has been jointly organized with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) and held in different locations within Africa. Although having an evident African focus, the meeting is intended to be a truly international event, encompassing scientists and students

neg: African Games Soviet Union-Armenian diplomat Ashot Melik-Shahnazaryan got the idea to create the Pan-Armenian Games. African Games The African Games, formally known as the All-Africa Games or the Pan African Games, are a continental multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the African Union (AU) with the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA) and the Association of African Sports Confederations (AASC). All of the competing nations are from the African continent. The first Games were held in 1965 in Brazzaville, Congo. The International Olympic Committee granted official recognition as a continental multi-sport event, along with the Asian Games and

neg: African Games African Games The African Games, formally known as the All-Africa Games or the Pan African Games, are a continental multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the African Union (AU) with the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA) and the Association of African Sports Confederations (AASC). All of the competing nations are from the African continent. The first Games were held in 1965 in Brazzaville, Congo. The International Olympic Committee granted official recognition as a continental multi-sport event, along with the Asian Games and Pan American Games. Since 1999, the Games have also included athletes with a

neg: Kofi Akpabli United Nations Department of Public Information conference on Climate Change held in UN Headquarters, New York.He currently writes a weekly column 'Going Places' in the Mirror Akpabli is so far the only newspaper journalist in Ghana to have won the CNN award; the other winners all being broadcast journalists. He is also the only freelancer from Ghana to have reached that far. Akpabli started writing in 1991 when as a sixth-form student, a historical play he wrote captured first prize in a National Play Writing Contest. It was organized by the Pan African Historical Theatre Festival (PANAFEST). The theatre piece,

neg: Festo Olang' would organize the Pan-Christian African Assembly in Nairobi, in 1974, and a conference of Anglican bishops from several parts of the world in Trinity College, in Nairobi, in 1975. Olang' hosted the first meeting of African Anglican bishops, known as "African Lambeth", in 1977, which was the start of the Conference of Anglican Provinces in Africa (CAPA); Olang' was the first chairman of the conference. He was involved in several ecumenical meetings from the World Council of Churches, the All Africa Conference of Churches and the National Council of Churches of Kenya. He was also a prominent member of the

neg: Pan-African Congress its people. It calls for the financial and economic unification of markets and a new political landscape for the continent. Even though Pan-Africanism as a movement began in 1776, it was the fifth Pan-African congress that advanced Pan-Africanism and applied it to decolonize the African continent. The people in Manchester were politically conscious and that was one of the reasons why it was selected as the venue for the fifth Pan-African congress. The fifth congress was organized by people of African origin living in Manchester. According to the Mancunian historian Simon Katzenellenboggen it has a great significance as it was

neg: African reference alphabet African reference alphabet An African reference alphabet was first proposed in 1978 by a UNESCO-organized conference held in Niamey, Niger, and the proposed alphabet was revised in 1982. The conference recommended the use of single letters for a sound (that is, a phoneme) instead of using two or three-letter combinations, or letters with diacritical marks. The African Reference Alphabet is clearly related to the Africa Alphabet and reflected practice based on the latter (including use of IPA characters). The Niamey conference also built on work of a previous UNESCO-organized meeting on harmonization of transcriptions of African languages, that was held

neg: Hakim Adi of the African diaspora, particularly Africans in Britain. He is the author of the books "West Africans in Britain 1900-1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism" (1998), "Pan-Africanism and Communism: The Communist International, Africa and the Diaspora, 1919–1939" (2013), and the joint author (with Marika Sherwood) of "The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress Revisited" (1995) and "Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787" (2003). He has also written history books for children, including "The History of the African and Caribbean Communities in Britain" (2005). Hakim Adi featured (alongside Maulana Karenga, Muhammed Shareef, Francis Cress Welsin, Kimani Nehusi, Paul Robeson

neg: First Pan-African Conference he was a member of the Legislative Council from 1920 to 1940. Richard E. Phipps, the Trinidad barrister, returned home after the conference and emigrated to the Gold Coast in 1911. He remained there until his death around 1926. Williams himself lived in South Africa from 1903 to 1905,10 and died in Trinidad in 1911." Under the Pan-African Congress banner, a series of gatherings subsequently took place — in 1919 in Paris, 1921 in London, 1923 in London, 1927 in New York City, 1945 in Manchester, 1974 in Dar es Salaam and 1994 in Kampala — to address the issues

neg: African Games Before they were completed, African Ministers of Youth and Sport met in Paris in 1962; as a few English-speaking countries were already participating, they rechristened the Games as the Pan African Games. The Games were granted official recognition by the IOC as being on par with other continental Games such as the Asian Games and the Pan American Games. In July 1965, the first games were held in Brazzaville, Congo, now called the All-Africa Games. From 30 countries, around 2,500 athletes competed. Egypt topped the medal count for the first Games. In 1966, the SCSA was organized in Bamako; it

neg: Convention People's Party struggle, including armed struggle, if non-violent methods to obtain freedom had failed. At the Conference were Patrice Lumumba, Kenneth Kaunda, Kanyama Chiume, Tom Mboya, Oginga Odinga, Joshua Nkomo and many others who were to become notable political leaders. Conference members returned to their countries with a common purpose to liberate their countries. They were inspired as never before, and confident in the C.P.P. government’s commitment to the Pan-African struggle. On obtaining independence, they were to follow Ghana’s example in making their territories base areas for freedom fighters. Ghana had become the pace-maker of the Pan-African Movement. 1. Among liberation movements

neg: First Pan-African Conference After the tea the male members of our party were admitted to the House of Commons, which is considered quite an honor; indeed, the visit to the House of Parliament and tea on the Terrace was the crowning honor of the series. Great credit is due our genial secretary, Mr. H. Sylvester Williams, for these social functions. Miss Catherine Impey, of London, said she was glad to come in contact with the class of Negroes that composed the Pan-African Conference, and wished that the best and most cultured would visit England and meet her citizens of noble birth, that the

neg: Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa The Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA), later renamed to the "Pan-African Freedom Movement of East, Central and Southern Africa" (PAFMECSA) was a political and Pan-Africanist organisation that was formed to campaign for the independence of the countries of East and Central Africa (and later Southern Africa) from colonial and white minority rule. The organisation was formed at a conference held in Mwanza, Tanganyika, from 16th to 18th September 1958. Julius Nyerere (later President of Tanzania) and Tom Mboya the Kenyan Pan-Africanist and trade unionist were among the founders.

neg: Rudolph Fisher 1900. Rudolph Fisher supported Pan-African congress participants promoted colonized Africans to elect their own governments in order to gain of political power as a necessary prerequisite for complete social, economic and political emancipation. Unlike Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, and W.E. B. DuBois who tried to put the stereotypes of black exoticism in Pan-African, Rudolph Fisher worked on articulating the broader struggle for black labor privilege, women's empowerment and gay rights. Rudolph Fisher's story "City of Refuge" is centered around a Southern black man named King Solomon Gillis and his migration to Harlem, New York from North Carolina to escape lynching.

neg: William Jernagin legacy can be characterized as one where the intersection of faith and civil always brought about useful change and dialogue. William Jernagin Reverend D.D. William Henry Jernagin (1869–1958) was an African-American Baptist pastor, an important figure in the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1896–1954), and Pan-African activist. The National Race Congress selected Jernagin to attend the Paris Peace Conference and the First Pan-African Congress in 1919. William Henry Jernagin was born in Mashulaville, Mississippi on October 13, 1869 to Allen Fletcher Jernagin and Julia Ruth Walker. While his parents were mostly illiterate, they managed to obtain a small 40-acre farm upon

neg: William Jernagin William Jernagin Reverend D.D. William Henry Jernagin (1869–1958) was an African-American Baptist pastor, an important figure in the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1896–1954), and Pan-African activist. The National Race Congress selected Jernagin to attend the Paris Peace Conference and the First Pan-African Congress in 1919. William Henry Jernagin was born in Mashulaville, Mississippi on October 13, 1869 to Allen Fletcher Jernagin and Julia Ruth Walker. While his parents were mostly illiterate, they managed to obtain a small 40-acre farm upon which they grew a variety of fruits and vegetables. His family worked primarily harvesting apples and peaches for Juke Jernagin,

neg: Students for Liberty launched Estudiantes por la Libertad, the Regional Executive Board for the Spanish-speaking Americas. The first Estudiantes por la Libertad Conference was held in Santiago, Chile from October 25–27 for 100 attendees. As of 2014, the Local Coordinator program included 103 student leaders from around Latin America. African Students For Liberty (ASFL) ran the first West African Regional Conference on July 26–27, 2013 at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and brought out 352 participants—SFL's largest ever first-time conference. ASFL organized the first East African Regional Conference in Nairobi, Kenya on May 9–10, 2014 and launched a Local Coordinator program the same

neg: Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies a variety of thematic areas were organized in different countries. In the new millennium, the organization of European Conferences on African Studies (ECAS), open to everybody, became the central activity. These conferences are taking place every two years, always in a different country. The first European Conference on African Studies was held at the School of Oriental and African Studies and the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in London in July 2005; the second Conference was held at the African Studies Centre in Leiden, Netherlands, in July 2007. ECAS 2009 was held in Leipzig and ECAS 2011 was organized by the

neg: Alexander Walters and two other organizations. Walters angered many black followers by endorsing Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan in 1908. The Council soon dissolved, but Walters wasted little time seeking a new power base, emerging as president of the new National Independent Political League. In the 1910s, he became a member of both the new National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the National Urban League. Walters traveled abroad frequently, including frequent trips to London, where he attended the Pan-African Conference in 1900 (giving a paper entitled "The Trials and Tribulations of the Coloured Race in America"), and

neg: ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics presentations. Highly accomplished researchers, primarily but not exclusively from non-African countries, present during the post conference tutorial workshops. Since 2009, the ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference has been partnering with the Genes, Infection and Evolution journal to publish top papers presented at the conference. ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics The ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics is a biennial academic conference on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology, organized by the African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ASBCB). The conference was first held in 2007 as the "ASBCB Conference on the Bioinformatics of African Pathogens, Hosts and Vectors".

neg: Pan-Africanism of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure. The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African People’s Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The membership of the All-African People’s Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the “Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic”. The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah’s call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little

neg: South African National Conference on Environment and Development conference represented a "breakthrough", since this was the "first time groups such as the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu), the National Council of Trade Unions (Nactu), the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and the African National Congress (ANC) found common ground around the issue of the environment." There were also a wide range of religious groupings represented, from Hinduism to Judaism, as well as many people from rural areas such as Kuruman and Tuang. Although the conference opening was marred by the last-minute withdrawal of key international speaker Vandana Shiva due to ill-health, other international environmentalists filled the gap.

neg: Black participation in college basketball first African-American to win an Olympic basketball gold medal (1948), a Pan-American basketball gold medal (1951), and would be the third African-American to sign an NBA contract after Chuck Cooper joined Boston and Earl Lloyd signed with Washington. He was the first African-American to play in the NBA All-Star Game. In 1947, William Garrett integrated big-time college basketball by joining the basketball program at Indiana University. He broke the gentlemen's agreement that had barred black players from the Big Ten Conference, at that time college basketball's most important conference. While enduring taunts from opponents and pervasive segregation at home and

neg: Pan-African Ornithological Congress Pan-African Ornithological Congress The Pan-African Ornithological Congress (PAOC) is a regular conference on African ornithology, usually held every four years at an African venue. Its geographic scope is: "...the entire continent from North Africa to the Cape of Good Hope, and east to the Suez Canal and Red Sea; the Cape Verde, Madeira and Canary islands; also isolated Atlantic Oceanic islands nearer Africa than South America, Antarctic islands south of Africa and the African-facing coast of Antarctica, the Seychelles, Comoros, Socotra, Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. All continental shelf islands (e.g. Zanzibar, Fernando Po — now Bioko) are considered areas of

neg: United American Free Will Baptist Conference United American Free Will Baptist Conference United American Free Will Baptist Conference, Inc. is the smaller of the two African-American Free Will Baptist conferences in the United States. Prior to emancipation, black slaves and Free blacks were members of predominantly white Free Will Baptist congregations in the United States. The first black Free Will Baptist minister was Robert Tash, ordained in 1827. African-Americans organized their first separate congregation in 1867 at Snow Hill in Greene County, North Carolina, the first annual conference in 1870, and the first association in 1887. The General Conference of United Free Will Baptists was formed

neg: History of Ghana Dominion status would continue until 1960, when after a national referendum, Ghana was declared a republic. In 1945 a conference (known as the 5th Pan-African Congress) was held in Manchester to promote pan-African ideas. This was attended by Nkrumah of Ghana, Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria and I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson of Sierra Leone. The Indian and Pakistani independence catalysed this desire. There was also the rejection of African culture to some extent. Some external forces also contributed to this feeling. African-Americans such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey (Afro-Jamaican) raised strong Pan-African conscience. Sir Alan Burns constitution

neg: Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown founders of the Celtic Association, an organisation concerned with the preservation of the languages, literature, music, dress and customs of the Celtic peoples. In 1900, the Celtic Association was set up in Dublin with Castletown as president and E.E. Fournier as secretary. The Celtic Association is mainly remembered for the three Pan-Celtic Congresses it organized: the first in Dublin in 1901, the second in Caernarfon in 1904, and the last in Edinburgh in 1907. The first Congress had been scheduled for 1900, but had to be postponed when Castletown was called to service in the Boer War. The Association was

neg: Jorge Eliécer Gaitán interested historians and researchers include the fact that Gaitán was murdered in the middle of the 9th Pan-American Conference, which was being led by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall, a meeting which led to a pledge by members to fight communism in the Americas, as well as the creation of the Organization of American States. Another event in the country's capital Bogotá was taking place at the time: a Latin American Youth Congress, organized to protest the Pan American conference. This meeting was organized by a young Fidel Castro, and was funded by Perón. Castro had an appointment to

neg: Emily Hobhouse wrote It was late in the summer of 1900 that I first learnt of the hundreds of Boer women that became impoverished and were left ragged by our military operations… the poor women who were being driven from pillar to post, needed protection and organized assistance. She founded the Distress Fund for South African Women and Children, and sailed for the Cape Colony on 7 December 1900 to supervise its distribution, and arrived on 27 December. She wrote later:I came quite naturally, in obedience to the feeling of unity or oneness of womanhood ... it is when the community is

neg: Pan-Africanism agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc. In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN’s armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa’s role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism. In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis

neg: Pan-African pellet compass Pan-African pellet compass The Pan-African pellet compass is a sociopolitical and militaristic device called "the next necessary development of Pan-Africanism" by Ghana leader Kwame Nkrumah, who first introduced the concept in 1968 in his "Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare". Following his claim that war is "logical and inevitable" the pellet compass was intended to determine the maximum resistance offered by revolutionary nations seeking to become incorporated into the macroeconomic totality of the Pan-African movement. The name derives from the unique militaristic procedure proposed by Nkrumah based on the covert operations possible with air guns and airborne pellets. The idea was later

neg: Pan-African pellet compass declaring it no longer desirable, citing the possibility of torture and yielding of minor results. Pan-African pellet compass The Pan-African pellet compass is a sociopolitical and militaristic device called "the next necessary development of Pan-Africanism" by Ghana leader Kwame Nkrumah, who first introduced the concept in 1968 in his "Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare". Following his claim that war is "logical and inevitable" the pellet compass was intended to determine the maximum resistance offered by revolutionary nations seeking to become incorporated into the macroeconomic totality of the Pan-African movement. The name derives from the unique militaristic procedure proposed by Nkrumah based

neg: Pan-African Congress smaller number than originally intended because British and American governments refused to issue passports to their citizens who had planned on attending. Their main task was petitioning the Versailles Peace Conference held in Paris at that time. Among their demands were that: Among the delegates were: In 1921, the Second Pan-African Congress met in several sessions in London, Brussels and Paris, during August (28, 29, and 31)and September (2, 3, 5 and 6). As W. E. B. Du Bois reported in "The Crisis" in November, represented at this congress were "26 different groups of people of Negro descent: namely, British

neg: Rhizlane Siba Kansas State University and study business administration. While there she competed for the Kansas State Wildcats and made the top six at the Big 12 Conference Championships. Rhizlane Siba Rhizlane Siba (born 29 February 1996) is a Moroccan track and field athlete who competes in the high jump. She has been African champion at youth, junior and senior level, winning the main continental title at the 2014 African Championships in Athletics. She is also twice gold medallist at the Arab Athletics Championships (winning her first at age fifteen) and was the 2011 Pan Arab Games winner. Her personal best of

neg: Organisation of African Unity founded in May 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by 32 African states with the main aim of bringing the African nations together and resolve the issues within the continent. Its first ever conference was held on 1st May 1963 at Addis Ababa. In that conference, the late Gambia historian, and one of the leading Gambian nationalists and Pan-Africanists at the time—Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof delivered a speech in front of the member states—in which he said: The OAU had the following primary aims: A Liberation Committee was established to aid independence movements and look after the interests of already-independent states.

neg: Organization of American States their origins. At the Fourth International Conference of American States (Buenos Aires, 1910), the name of the organization was changed to the Union of American Republics and the Bureau became the Pan American Union. The Pan American Union Building was constructed in 1910, on Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. In the mid-1930s, U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt organized an inter-American conference in Buenos Aires. One of the items at the conference was a "League of Nations of the Americas", an idea proposed by Colombia, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic. At the subsequent Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace, 21

neg: All-African Peoples' Conference diplomatic caution. Immanuel Wallerstein says that the All-African Peoples' Conference was the "true successor to the Pan-African Congresses." The subject matter and attitudes of the Conference are illustrated by the following excerpt from its second meeting: The Conference Demands the immediate and unconditional accession to independence of all the African peoples, and the total evacuation of the foreign forces of aggression and oppression stationed in Africa;<br> Proclaims the absolute necessity, in order to resist the imperialist coalition more effectively and rapidly free all the dependent peoples from foreign oppression, of coordinating and uniting the forces of all the Africans, and

neg: Pan-Germanism (1842–1921) and (1862–1941) articulated Pan-Germanist sentiments in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There was also a rejection of Roman Catholicism with the Away from Rome! movement (ca 1900 onwards) calling for German-speakers to identify with Lutheran or Old Catholic churches. The Pan-German Movement gained an institutional format in 1891, when , a professor at the University of Leipzig and a member of the Reichstag, organized the Pan-German League, an ultra-nationalist political-interest organization which promoted imperialism, anti-semitism, and support for ethnic German minorities in other countries. The organization achieved great support among the educated middle and upper class; it promoted German nationalist consciousness,

neg: United American Free Will Baptist Conference Florida "B" Annual Conference. UAFW Baptist Church headquarters are located in Lakeland, Florida, and Dr. Henry J. Rodmon currently serves as General Bishop. United American Free Will Baptist Conference United American Free Will Baptist Conference, Inc. is the smaller of the two African-American Free Will Baptist conferences in the United States. Prior to emancipation, black slaves and Free blacks were members of predominantly white Free Will Baptist congregations in the United States. The first black Free Will Baptist minister was Robert Tash, ordained in 1827. African-Americans organized their first separate congregation in 1867 at Snow Hill in Greene County, North

neg: Pan-American Conference of Women commerce, which men have called the blood of nations, nor any other material consideration," she said, "but international peace, permanent peace, is the ultimate objective of international conferences of women, such as the PanAmerican Conference." In the conference on Traffic in Women, a hopeful note was sounded by the delegate from Panama, who presented clearly and in forceful terms, the spiritual aspect of the problem. Again at this conference Graciela Mandujano, of Chile, a student at Columbia University, spoke of the White Cross League, organized by women of her nation for protective work among girls. A high water mark in

neg: Aïssata Kane scolaire féminine" ("Committee for Female School Activity"). Her efforts received criticism from both Mauritanian and Senegalese sources, but she defended the group on the grounds that women's education was justified by Islamic law. In 1961, Kane helped to found the "Union Nationale des Femmes de Mauritanie" (UNFM; "National Union of the Women of Mauritania"), Mauritania's first national women's organisation. She represented the UNFM at a 1962 meeting of the "Conference des Femmes Africaines" (CFA; "Conference of African Women"), a Pan-African women's group, and subsequently went to work for that organisation in Algeria, living in Algiers for several years. She was

neg: W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan-African Culture is a memorial place, a research facility and tourist attraction in the Cantonments area of Accra, Ghana, that was opened to the public in 1985. It is named in dedication to the African-American Pan-Africanist W. E. B. Du Bois, who became a citizen of Ghana, spending the latter part of his life there at the invitation of President Kwame Nkrumah while compiling the Encyclopedia Africana. The Du Bois Centre is located at No. 22 First Circular Road, in Cantonments,

neg: The Pipes of Pan whose credits included participating in Boosey's series of ballad concerts. THE PIPES OF PAN The Pipes of Pan "The Pipes of Pan" is a poem by Adrian Ross set to music by the English composer Edward Elgar, being completed on 5 June 1899. The song was published by Boosey in 1900. The first performance was by 'Miss Blouvelt' at the Crystal Palace on 30 April 1900. Elgar also arranged the song accompaniment for orchestra, which was first sung by Andrew Black at the Queen's Hall on 12 May 1900. Early editions of the vocal score are inscribed 'Sung by Mr.

neg: African reference alphabet the uppercase letters had to be given up. It was probably for this reason that the keyboard did not get used. However, the proposal of the additional characters is valuable as it reflects the needs for writing African languages. On the other hand, in quite a few orthographical systems of African languages, two-letter combinations are used to represent additional sounds. The 32nd letter “” is called "linearized tilde". African reference alphabet An African reference alphabet was first proposed in 1978 by a UNESCO-organized conference held in Niamey, Niger, and the proposed alphabet was revised in 1982. The conference recommended the

neg: Convention People's Party independent African states. They were Ghana, Ethiopia, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Liberia and Sudan. Most of the African continent was yet to be liberated. The last Pan-African Congress had been held in Manchester, England in 1945. The C.P.P. government was determined to reactivate the Pan-African Movement on the soil of Africa its true home. Practical steps were taken. 1. In April 1958 the Conference of African Independent States was held in Accra. The eight states agreed to co-ordinate economic planning; to improve communications; to exchange cultural and educational information; to assist liberation movements by providing training and other facilities. Most

neg: 1992 Republic of the Congo presidential election 1992 Republic of the Congo presidential election A presidential election was held in the Republic of the Congo in August 1992, marking the end of the transitional period that began with the February–June 1991 National Conference. It was won by Pascal Lissouba of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS), who defeated Bernard Kolélas of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI) in a second round of voting. In the first round, held on 8 August, Lissouba, who had served as Prime Minister in the 1960s, placed first with 36% of the vote, outperforming Kolélas, an opposition figure

neg: PanaPress May 1994. The Seventh Ordinary Session of the Conference of African Ministers of Information took place at Sun City in October 1994. This was the first time that an OAU-related activity took place on South African soil. PanaPress PanaPress or Pana or PanAfrican News Agency is an African news agency. It has its headquarters in Dakar, Senegal. It was founded on 20 July 1979 in Addis Ababa by the Organisation of African Unity and was relaunched by UNESCO in 1993. It provides news in English, French, Portuguese, and Arabic. PanaPress works in collaboration with UNESCO. It contains Pan-African News Agency

neg: Middle Finger Protests speaker. The NGO organises a 2 day human rights conference titled, "#LeaveNoOneBehind International Conclave on Human Rights, Community Welfare, Philanthropy & UN SDGs". The 2017 conference was inaugurated by MP Kirron Kher. The organisation runs a pan India initiative wherein it provides for and arranges respectful last rites for the downtrodden who cannot afford funeral services for their loved ones. Sippy Sidhu was a National level shooter and an advocate who was murdered on September 20, 2015 at a park in Chandigarh Chandigarh, November 29, 2015: The group organized a blind folded candle light procession outside the residence of IGP,

neg: Pan-African Parliament Pan-African Parliament The Pan-African Parliament (PAP), also known as the African Parliament, is the legislative body of the African Union and held its inaugural session in March 2004. The PAP exercises oversight, and has advisory and consultative powers, lasting for the first five years. Initially the seat of the Pan-African Parliament was in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia but it was later moved to Midrand, South Africa. On 28 October 2009, the second legislature of the Pan-African Parliament opened its first ordinary session and began a new 5-year mandate. South African president, Jacob Zuma, gave the opening speech and called for the

neg: Mary Millben edited and co-authored the OU Press book "What Possibilities, a Guide to Opportunities and Traditions", detailing the history and traditions of the University of Oklahoma. At OU, Millben was elected the second African-American female Student Body President in 2004 and the first African-American female Vice-President in 2003. She was one of four who represented the University at the National Campaign for Political and Civic Engagement at Harvard University in 2004 and, appointed by U.S. Congressman Tom Cole, was an Oklahoma delegate to the 2006 African American Leadership Summit in Washington, D.C. - a national conference organized to bring together government

neg: Big Eight Conference the conference, as of July 2014. Football, Helms, and equestrian titles are included in the total, but excluded from the column listing NCAA and AIAW titles. The history of the Big Eight Conference straddles the era of racial segregation in the United States, particularly as it relates to African Americans. Before the formation of the conference, three African-American brothers at the University of Kansas are the first known to have participated in organized sports for a league school: Sherman Haney played baseball for KU beginning in 1888, followed by Grant Haney and then Ed Haney, the last of whom also

neg: United American Free Will Baptist Church grace, free salvation and free will. Free blacks and black slaves were members of predominantly white Free Will Baptist congregations of the South. African-Americans organized their first separate congregation, Shady Grove Free Will Baptist Church, at Snow Hill, Greene County, North Carolina, in 1867. The first annual conference was organized in 1870, and the first association in 1887. The first General Conference for United Free Will Baptists convened at St. John's church in Kinston, North Carolina, on May 8, 1901. The greatest strength of this body is in North Carolina, where it maintains headquarters and a tabernacle and operates Kinston

neg: Kwame Nkrumah difficulty and involved himself in the community. He spent many evenings listening to and arguing with street orators, and according to Clarke, Nkrumah was an activist student, organising a group of expatriate African students in Pennsylvania and building it into the African Students Association of America and Canada, becoming its president. Some members felt that the group should aspire for each colony to gain independence on its own; Nkrumah urged a Pan-African strategy. Nkrumah played a major role in the Pan-African conference held in New York in 1944, which urged the United States, at the end of the Second World

neg: Nkrumaism Nkrumaism Nkrumaism (sometimes Consciencism) is an African socialist political ideology based on the thinking and writing of Kwame Nkrumah. Nkrumah, a pan-Africanist and Marxist–Leninist served as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (later Ghana) from 1952 until 1960 and subsequently as President of Ghana before being deposed by the National Liberation Council in 1966. Nkrumaism is a pan-African socialist theory which aims to adapt Marxist–Leninist theory to the social context of the African continent. Nkrumah defined his belief system as "the ideology of a New Africa, independent and absolutely free from imperialism, organized on a continental scale, founded upon the

neg: Pan-American Conference of Women Maryland through Governor Albert C. Ritchie, and the city of Baltimore through Mayor William Frederick Broening. Rowe concurred with the suggestion of the Maryland League of Women Voters that a Pan American conference of women would carry on and strengthen the friendly relations and good will between women of the countries represented by the PAU, the foundations for which were laid by the Woman's Auxiliary Committee of the Second Pan American Scientific Conference of December–January, 1915-16. In making plans for the conference, the National League of Women Voters consulted with Hughes, Hoover, and Rowe who approved. The plans were first

neg: Hizbul Muslimin Hizbul Muslimin Hizbul Muslimin or "Muslim People's Party of Malaya" (, abbreviated HM / HAMIM), was the first Islam political party of Malaya formed in 17 March 1948. Hizbul Muslimin was also the first Islam political party of Malaya set-up to fight for the independence from the British colonization. In March 1947, the first Pan-Malayan Islamic conference was held at Madrasah Ma'ahad al-Ehya as-Sharif, Gunung Semanggol, Perak. The conference was organized by the Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM) led by Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy to discuss the economy problem faced by the Malay-Muslim. It aim to bring together the Islamic thinkers