query: where did the indian independence movement take place

pos: Indian independence movement Khaksar Tehreek in order to direct particularly the Muslims towards the self-rule movement. Some of its members left for the Indian National Congress then led by Subhas Chandra Bose, while others identified more closely with Communism. The "Jugantar" branch formally dissolved in 1938. On 13 March 1940, Udham Singh shot Michael O'Dwyer(the last political murder outside India), generally held responsible for the Amritsar Massacre, in London. However, the revolutionary movement gradually disseminated into the Gandhian movement. As the political scenario changed in the late 1930s — with the mainstream leaders considering several options offered by the British and with religious

pos: Indian independence movement by noting that, The British Government stated that the RSS was not at all supporting any civil disobedience against them, and as such their other political activities(even if objectionable) can be overlooked. Further, the British Government also asserted that at Sangh meetings organised during the times of anti-British movements started and fought by the Indian National Congress, The RSS head (sarsanghchalak) during that time, M.S. Golwalkar later openly admitted to the fact that the RSS did not participate in the Quit India Movement. However, such an attitude during the Indian independence movement also led to the Sangh being viewed with

pos: Indian independence movement Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British Administration from India. The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress

pos: Harpal Brar the belief that the fight for Indian Independence was a peaceful and pacifist movement, led entirely by Gandhi. He wrote a book on Indian history called "Inquilab Zindabad: India's Liberation Struggle", in which he argues that the fight for Indian independence was a violent and bloody class struggle, and goes onto accuse Gandhi of supporting British imperialism. The back cover of the book says: There is a widespread myth spread by bourgeois historians that Gandhi and the Indian National Congress were solely responsible for achieving India's independence from the much-hated British Raj, and that they did it using only the

pos: Indu Prakash Singh and Bhagwati Din Singh who was a Barrister at the time of the British Raj. His grandfather Suraj Bali Singh was a freedom fighter in the Indian independence movement. He finished his schooling from Madho Patti, Jaunpur, from where he did his undergraduate degree at Tilakdhari College, Jaunpur. He went on to do a M.A degree in Philosophy from Allahabad University from where he also received his PHd in 1958. He later joined the Indian Foreign Service in the batch of 1955, having stood first All-India IFS entrance examination. After administrative training in the state of West Bengal which included

pos: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence Revolutionary movement for Indian independence The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is a part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of the underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered across India. Apart from a few stray incidents, the armed rebellion against the British rulers was not organised before the beginning of the 20th century. The revolutionary

pos: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence many past revolutionaries, being released from captivity, led the lives of common men. Revolutionary movement for Indian independence The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is a part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of the underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered across India. Apart from a few stray incidents, the armed rebellion against the British

pos: Amar Kutir Amar Kutir Amar Kutir (আমার কুটির) (meaning: my cottage), once a place of refuge for independence movement activists has been turned into a cooperative society for the promotion of arts and crafts. It is located on the banks of the Kopai River, about from Santiniketan in Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. In 1922, on an invitation from Rabindranath Tagore, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, just released after imprisonment for political activities, visited Santiniketan. Sushen Mukherjee, a young man, met him there. Mukherjee had been associated with the revolutionary movement for Indian independence for some years. His meeting with

pos: Satya Narayan Gourisaria Satya Narayan Gourisaria Satya Narayan Gourisaria is an Indian born British company secretary, gandhian and a former secretary of the India League, an Indian independence movement organization founded by V. K. Krishna Menon. He was born on 7 May 1929 at Dhanbad, in the Indian state of Bihar but shifted to East Bengal, then in erstwhile East Pakistan to return to India in 1948, a year after the Indian independence. He did his college studies at Scottish Church College, Kolkata and migrated to United Kingdom in the 1950s to stay there for 61 years. A former company secretary at Douglas

pos: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence an Indian revolt. India contributed massively to the British war effort by providing men and resources. About 1.3 million Indian soldiers and labourers served in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, while both the Indian government and the princes sent large supplies of food, money, and ammunition. However, Bengal and Punjab remained hotbeds of anti colonial activities. Terrorism in Bengal, increasingly closely linked with the unrests in Punjab, was significant enough to nearly paralyse the regional administration. With outlines of German links with the Indian revolutionary movement already in place as early as 1912, the main conspiracy was formulated between

pos: Interim Government of India Interim Government of India The Interim Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and partition) of India, and the creation of Pakistan. After the end of the Second World War, the British authorities in India released all political prisoners who had participated in the Quit India movement. The Indian National Congress, the largest Indian political party, which had long fought for national independence, agreed to participate

pos: Park Avenue (Kochi) first time that a major agitation was called, against an Indian princely state, which spearhead the Indian National Congress to spread Independence movement into princely states. The Park Avenue was one of the first places where the Aikya Kerala Vedi (Forum for United Kerala) started its agitations for uniting 2 princely states of Kochi and Travancore. On 15 August 1947 the Park witnessed the ceremony lowering of Kochi Kingdom's Flag for fluttering Indian Tricolour as per Kochi Raja's directive (who was the first Indian prince to join Indian Union willingly). After Independence, the road was taken over by Ernakulam Municipality

pos: 22 June 1897 Bengal and the South lacked a powerful lobby at the national level. Namrata Joshi writing for Outlook opines that commercial Marathi cinema did not benefit from arthouse films made by filmmakers like Jabbar Patel ("Sinhasan", "Umbartha"), Jayoo and Nachiket Patwardhan ("22 June 1897"), Vijaya Mehta ("Smriti Chitre"), Amol Palekar ("Bangarwadi"), Sumitra Bhave and others. film.at writes that while the Indian independence movement is known in the West only in connection with Mahatma Gandhi, the film tells one of the most important chapters of the early armed independence attempts in India. Spicevienna.org considers the film a modern classic of Indian cinema

pos: Anushilan Samiti with the Rowlatt Satyagrahas under Gandhi and received widespread support from luminaries of the Indian independence movement. In Bengal, Jugantar agreed to a request by Chittaranjan Das (a prominent and respected leader of the Indian National Congress) to refrain from violence. Although Anushilan did not adhere to the agreement, it sponsored no major actions between 1920 and 1922 (when the first non-cooperation movement was suspended). During the next few years, Jugantar and Anushilan became active again. Resurgence of radical nationalism linked to the Samiti during the 1920s led to the passage of the Bengal Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance in 1924,

pos: Interim Government of India struggled with the challenging task of drafting a constitution for independent India. Interim Government of India The Interim Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and partition) of India, and the creation of Pakistan. After the end of the Second World War, the British authorities in India released all political prisoners who had participated in the Quit India movement. The Indian National Congress, the largest Indian

pos: Malaysian Indian Congress Gandhi's ideology and determined for fight for Indian independence. He was actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement when he returned to Malaya. He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (MIC only officially became known as Malaysian Indian Congress, after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946. The word 'Congress' in the name of Malaysian Indian Congress is taken from the Indian National Congress, the party that Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence. After India gained independence in 1947, Malaysian Indian Congress changed its ideology and started to fight for Malaysian Independence. John Thivy

pos: Flag of India that were in vogue included the Ganesha, advocated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Kali, advocated by Aurobindo Ghosh and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another symbol was the cow, or "Gau Mata" (cow mother). However, all these symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population. The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new flag representing the Indian independence movement that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country. The "Vande Mataram" flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The

pos: K. Shivaram Karanth his parents Shesha Karantha and Lakshmamma, he completed his primary education in Kundapura and Mangalore. Shivaram Karanth was influenced by Gandhi's principles and took part in Indian Independence movement when he was in college. His participation in the Non-cooperation movement did not allow him to complete his college education which he quit in February 1922. He canvassed for khadi and swadeshi in Karnataka led by Indian National Congress leader Karnad Sadashiva Rao, for five years till 1927. By that time Karanth had already started writing fiction novels and plays. Karanth began writing in 1924 and soon published his first book,

pos: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu Srinivasa Iyengar and P. Theagaroya Chetty. Eventually, with the passage of time and the influx of revolutionary ideas from the north, the movement turned violent. The split between the moderates and extremists at the Surat session of the Indian National Congress in 1906 was also accompanied by a split between the moderate and extremist elements in the Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu. Among the supporters of the Indian extremist Bal Gangadhar Tilak were Subrahmanya Bharathy and V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. Subrahmanya Bharathy was a prodigious Tamil poet and writer and is often regarded as the "national poet of Tami

pos: The Home and the World of the Khilafat movement of 1919, which was long after the novel's publication, and took over the leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1920. The novel was translated into English by the author's nephew, Surendranath Tagore, with input from the author, in 1919. The novel is set in early 20th century India. The story line coincides with the National Independence Movement taking place in the country at the time, which was sparked by the Indian National Congress. There were various national and regional campaigns with both militant and non-violent ideas which all had the common goal of ending British

neg: Independence Day (India) and calls for further development. He pays tribute to the leaders of the Indian independence movement. The Indian national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana", is sung. The speech is followed by march past of divisions of the Indian Armed Forces and paramilitary forces. Parades and pageants showcase scenes from the independence struggle and India's diverse cultural traditions. Similar events take place in state capitals where the Chief Ministers of individual states unfurl the national flag, followed by parades and pageants. Until 1973, the Governor of the State hoisted the National Flag at the State capital. In February 1974, the Chief Minister

neg: Rebel Warrior the first Bengali protest music, though he was later arrested for his outspoken beliefs, becoming one of the most important men in the Indian independence movement. Asian Dub Foundation roughly translated the original text of "Bidrohi" on their track "Rebel Warrior" and used the song to support a modern take on Nazrul's original stance. The poem was chosen in part because of its significance to the Indian independence movement and because of its place in Indian traditional culture and its powerful and unifying lyrics. It speaks out against neo-colonialism, both in England and South Asia, while also expanding the message

neg: Mannoor, Kollam wake of the struggle for independence from British colonial rule in India. The villagers at large, however, did not take active part in the independence struggle and still keep aloof from the people's struggles that take place elsewhere in the state reflecting very low political consciousness. Mannoor was one of the few villages in Kerala where the Communist movement could not enter. When A.K. Antony formed Congress (A) in 1980, the vast majority of the village folk aligned with it. The rival Congress (I) led by Indira Gandhi had only a handful of followers. A. K. Antony has a cult

neg: History of Kalahandi and Koraput where freedom movement took place, would take upper hand on every issue. So, the people were justified to take anti–merger stand. After Indian independence, Kalahandi joined with the Union of India on 1 January 1948. On 1 November 1949, Patna Balangir district and Subarnapur district together constituted a separate district and the Nuapada sub-division of Sambalpur was added to the Kalahandi district. In 1967, Kashipur block of Kalahandi district was transferred to Rayagada division for administrative purpose. In 1993, Nuapada sub-division was carved out as a separate district, but Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency) continues to constitute present Kalahandi

neg: Hindu nationalism and political spheres of India. The RSS portrayed itself as a social movement rather than a political party, and did not play central role many of the Indian independence movement. However, the RSS emphatically rejected the Congress policy of cooperation with the Muslims. Subsequently, in 1934, the Congress banned its members from joining RSS, Hindu Mahasabha or Muslim League. He died in 1940. After M. S. Golwalkar became head of RSS in 1940. RSS didn't take part in many anti-British activities, as Golwalkar did not want to give the British any excuse to ban the RSS. After the Muslim League

neg: Balwantrai Mehta Balwantrai Mehta Balwantrai Mehta ( – ) was an Indian politician who served as the second Chief Minister of Gujarat state, India. He participated in Indian independence movement and later hold various public offices. He is considered as the 'Architect of "Panchayati Raj" ' due to his contributions towards democratic decentralisation. Balwantrai Gopalji Mehta was born on 19 February 1900 in Bhavnagar State in a middle-class family. He studied up to B.A classes but refused to take the degree from the foreign government. He participated in Indian independence movement. He joined the national movement of non-co-operation in 1920. He founded

neg: Neera Desai and supported the Indian Independence Movement. Desai herself joined the freedom movement at an early age as a schoolgirl when she became a part of the Vanar Sena (Monkey Brigade), founded by Indira Gandhi which helped the underground circulation of political messages and banned publications. Neera did her primary education at the Fellowship School, a co-educational institution which was founded on Theosophist ideology. She joined Elphinstone College in 1942, but soon gave up formal education to take part in the freedom movement post Mahatma Gandhi's initiation of the Quit India Resolution. Neera married Akshaya Ramanlal Desai, a fellow sociologist, in

neg: Jivraj Narayan Mehta was the president of the Indian Students Association in London where he studied medicine and did his FRCS there. He won University gold medal in his MD examinations in 1914. Later he has been made a member of the prestigious Royal College of Physicians of London. He was briefly the personal doctor to Mahatma Gandhi after returning to India and joined the independence movement. He was twice incarcerated (1938 and 1942) by the British government for his role in Gandhi's Satyagraha movement. After independence in 1947, he held various public offices. He served as the first "Dewan" (Prime Minister) of

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu ruled it for ten more years. She formed an army and sought an alliance with Gopala Nayaker and Hyder Ali with the aim of attacking the British, whom she did successfully fight in 1780. When Velu Nachiyar found the place where the British stored their ammunition, she arranged a suicide attack: a faithful follower, Kuyili, doused herself in oil, set herself alight and walked into the storehouse. Velu Nachiyar formed a woman's army named "udaiyaal" in honour of her adopted daughter, Udaiyaal, who died detonating a British arsenal. In 1799, Kattabomman Nayak, the "polygar" of Panchalankurichi, revolted against the British

neg: Indian independence movement Ali with the aim of attacking the British, whom she did successfully fight in 1780. When Rani Velu Nachiyar found the place where the British stored their ammunition, she arranged a suicide attack: a faithful follower, Kuyili, doused herself in oil, set herself alight and walked into the storehouse. Rani Velu Nachiyar formed a woman's army named "udaiyaal" in honour of her adopted daughter, Udaiyaal, who died detonating a British arsenal. Rani Nachiyar was one of the few rulers who regained her kingdom, and ruled it for ten more years. Veerapandiya Kattabomman was an eighteenth-century Polygar and chieftain from Panchalankurichi

neg: History of British Ceylon accept minority status to be one of the main causes which broke up the CNC. The CNC did not seek independence or "Swaraj". What may be called the independence movement broke into two streams, viz., the "constitutionalists", who sought independence by gradual modification of the status of Ceylon, and the more radical groups associated with the Colombo Youth League, Labour movement of Goonasinghe, and the Jaffna Youth Congress. These organizations were the first to raise the cry of Swaraj, or outright independence, following the Indian example, when Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu and other Indian leaders visited Ceylon in 1926. The

neg: Daily Sach Daily Sach Daily Sach (SACH) is an Indian Urdu-language daily newspaper published from Jammu, India founded in 1940 by Raja Mohammad Akbar Khan with roots in the Indian independence movement ("SACH" means Truth in Urdu), it was established with a principle to publish the news and aware the people of United India about the historical changes that were taking place in the British Indian Empire. It is now owned and published by Sach Group, which is owned by Krishan Lal Gupta. "Daily Sach" was founded in 1940 in Mirpur, PoK by Raja Mohammad Akbar Khan, during Indian independence movement under

neg: Indian independence movement influence, his request was followed by a massive proportion of the population. In addition, the INC led the Quit India Movement to demand the British to leave India and to transfer the political power to INC. During the movement, Gandhi and his followers continued to use non-violence against British rule. This movement was where Gandhi gave his famous message, "Do or Die!", and this message spread towards the Indian community. In addition, this movement was addressed directly to women as "disciplined soldiers of Indian freedom" and they had to keep the war for independence to go on (against British rule).

neg: Indian independence movement ethnic Indian population of over 1.6 million. In 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron described Indian – British relations as a "New Special Relationship". Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British

neg: Anglo-Indian During the independence movement, many Anglo-Indians identified (or were assumed to identify) with British rule, and, therefore, incurred the distrust and hostility of Indian nationalists. Their position at independence was difficult. They felt a loyalty to a British "home" that most had never seen and where they would gain little social acceptance. ("Bhowani Junction" touches on the identity crisis faced by the Anglo-Indian community during the independence struggle.) They felt insecure in an India that put a premium on participation in the independence movement as a prerequisite for important government positions. Many Anglo-Indians left the country in 1947, hoping to

neg: Anglo-Burmese people and their offspring after their tours of duty ended in Burma, not dissimilar to the Spanish and French practice of plaçage, but legal marriages did take place. Frequently, when a "temporary" relationship ended, the European father left behind a sum of money for the upkeep of their children. Sometimes the children were removed from their mothers and placed into convent schools run by Europeans, where their Burmese heritage was often undermined. The issue of mixed marriages, particularly between Bamar women and British males, was to become a major issue in the independence movement as it further developed. Anglo-Burmans represent a

neg: Timeline of the Yemeni Revolution (January – 2 June 2011) of Saleh and called for end to protests. A senior member of the South Yemen Movement, Yassin Ahmad Saleh Qadish, stated that they wanted a referendum on secession (similar to the Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011) if protests succeeded in getting Saleh to step down, stating that "sharing power and resources" did not take place as promised for Yemeni unification. Protests continued, largely centering on Sana'a University. Protesters have called for massive demonstrations on 4 March. Houthi rebels in the north said that the Yemeni Air Force bombed a protest in Harf Sufyan, where thousands had gathered, killing four and

neg: Gandhism India Movement, which was even more dangerous and definitive owing to its direct call for Indian independence. Gandhi did not perceive the British as defenders of freedom due to their rule in India. He did not feel a need to take sides with world powers. There have been Muslim Gandhians, such as Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as the "Frontier Gandhi"; under the influence of Gandhi, he organised the Pathans of the Northwest Frontier as early as 1919. Christian Gandhians include Horace Alexander and Martin Luther King. Jewish Gandhians include Gandhi's close associate Herman Kallenbach. Atheist Gandhians include Jawaharlal Nehru.

neg: History of Bengal in which revolutionary groups such as Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar were dominant. Bengalis also played a notable role in the Indian independence movement. Many of the early proponents of independence, and subsequent leaders in movement were Bengalis such as Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Banerjee, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Prafulla Chaki, Bagha Jatin, Khudiram Bose, Surya Sen, Binoy–Badal–Dinesh, Sarojini Naidu, Aurobindo Ghosh, Rashbehari Bose and many more. Some of these leaders, such as Netaji, did not subscribe to the view that non-violent civil disobedience was the only way to achieve Indian Independence, and allied with Japan to fight against the British. During

neg: Divine Light Mission grew older, he began to take a more active role in the movement and, when he turned sixteen, following the financially disastrous Millennium '73 festival, he took administrative control of the US branch. His increasing independence and his marriage to a non-Indian in 1974, caused a permanent rift with his mother and two of his brothers; Satpal Ji Maharaj and Bhole Ji Maharaj. They returned to India, where his eldest brother Satpal Maharaj took over the control of the Indian DLM. In the early 1980s, Rawat began disbanding the western DLM. He closed the ashrams and eliminated the remaining Indian

neg: First Indian National Army would be treated as an ally and a friend, and not a PoW. Singh initially helped Fujiwara to take control of the situation of looting and arson that had developed in Alor Star. By January 1942, Fujiwara was able to give positive reports on the success of Japan's India policy and suggested an eight-point policy that included aid for both the IIL and the INA, as well as encouragement of the independence movement within India. A liaison conference declared among other aims the "stimulation of the Indian independence movement". With Fujiwara's encouraging feedbacks in early 1942, the Japanese government and

neg: Conference of London (1920) the peace settlements. The members were constantly informed about the Khilafat Movement which tried to protect the position of caliphate. However, the new Ottoman parliament deputies elected after the armistice met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions of independence (Misak-ı Milli ("National Oath")) on 12 February 1920. The Khilafat Movement try to influence the British government and protect the caliphate of the Ottoman empire and although mainly a Muslim religious movement, the Khilafat struggle became a part of the wider Indian independence movement. Conference of London decided to take actions, at least on Turkish national movement, and decided

neg: Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement struggle in the early 1920s. Because of his admiration for Gandhi, his donning the Gandhi-cap and his active participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement in the 1930s, he acquired the nickname as " Gandhi Pinto". Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement recounts the community's role in the Indian Independence Movement. The Roman Catholics from the South Canara district on the south-western coast of India, under the jurisdiction of the Mangalore Diocese, are generally known as Mangalorean Catholics. They are Konkani people and speak the Konkani language. All records

neg: Adi Dharam after which, due to unknown reasons, its use was discontinued (some records show that Animism was there in the 1951 census). The post-Independence Indian Government abolished all the terms signifying the distinctiveness of the religious beliefs of the tribal people. However, tribal religious movements that intended to safeguard the belief system and identity of the tribals continued at a regional level like the Donyi-Polo movement, Gondi movement, Khasi religion, Sanamahi movement, Sari Dharam movement, Sarna movement etc., but a national level movement encompassing all the tribals was lacking. The early post-Independence literate tribals did feel a need for a national

neg: Sam Tata Indian pictorialist Jehanghir Unwalla, Tata's work was shown in Bombay. Several months later, at a show sponsored by the Bombay Art Society, he met French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson, and through his influence and mentorship, was galvanized to take up photojournalism with renewed vigour. He began to contribute to Bombay periodicals such as "Trend" and "Flashlight." With Cartier-Bresson, Tata documented the Indian Independence movement from 1946–1948, including the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1949, Tata returned to Shanghai, where he recorded the fall of the Kuomintang and the takeover of the city by Communist troops; for a period he was accompanied

neg: Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement Participation of Mangalorean Catholics in the Indian Independence Movement recounts the community's role in the Indian Independence Movement. The Roman Catholics from the South Canara district on the south-western coast of India, under the jurisdiction of the Mangalore Diocese, are generally known as Mangalorean Catholics. They are Konkani people and speak the Konkani language. All records of an early existence of Christians in South Canara were lost at the time of their deportation by Tippu Sultan in 1784. Hence, it is not known when exactly Christianity was introduced in South Canara,

neg: Brij Basi Lal Brij Basi Lal Brij Basi Lal was born in village Haripur, Jalalabad, Faizabad in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He attended University of Allahabad where he attained LL.B and B.Sc degrees. Lal worked as an advocate and was also a part of the Indian independence movement. He got married in 1949 and had three sons and five daughters from the marriage. Brij Basi Lal was an Indian freedom fighter, participated in the Indian independence movement. He was a part of the Satyagraha and Quit India movements and was imprisoned in 1941 and 1942 for participating Satyagraha and Quit India movements

neg: Bombay Time January 1906 as the official time zone of India. During the conversion in Bombay, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent freedom fighter of the Indian independence movement was put on trial in a bombing case. With public sentiment against the government, prominent barrister Pherozeshah Mehta argued against the change. He managed to stall proceedings in the Bombay Municipal Corporation for a few days by arguing that the government did not take the people into confidence. Faced with rising public resentment over the trial, the government shelved the conversion, and Bombay Time was maintained until 1955. Bombay Time Bombay Time was one

neg: Satyananda Stokes Satyananda Stokes Satyananda Stokes (born Samuel Evans Stokes, Jr., 16 August 1882 – 14 May 1946) was an American who settled in India and participated in the Indian Independence Movement. He is best remembered today for having introduced apple cultivation to the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, where apples are today the major horticultural export crop. Satyananda was born Samuel Evans Stokes, Jr., in an American Quaker family. His father, a very successful businessman, was the founder of the "Stokes and Parish Machine Company" which was a leading manufacturer of elevators in the USA. The Young Samuel did not acquire

neg: Dipak Ray Dipak Ray Dipak Kumar Ray (c. 1930 - 11 February 2012) was an Indian-born physician who worked in general practice in Wales. He is best known for promoting equal opportunities and campaigning against racism in the medical profession in the 1970s. Dipak Ray was born in Cuttack, Orissa, India, around 1930. His family contributed to the Indian independence movement, resulting in Ray's arrest at age 11. He completed his medical training in Calcutta and did some work in the United States before arriving in the United Kingdom during the 1950s. He settled in Blackwood, Caerphilly, South Wales, where he then

neg: Ram Krishna Sinha Ram Krishna Sinha Ram Krishna Sinha was born in Faizabad in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He attended Lucknow University where he attained LL.B followed by MSc degrees. Sinha worked as an advocate prior to joining Indian independence movement and politics. Sinha got married in 1949. Sinha participated in the Indian independence movement. He got involved with the Quit India Movement in 1930s and was imprisoned twice between 1938–1942. After his release and between 1942–1944, Sinha was detained in Faizabad and Lucknow jails. After getting released from detention, he had to remain "underground" till 1945. In 1945, Sinha assumed the

neg: Park Avenue (Kochi) Ernakulam Mayor House (current Corporation of Cochin office) and St.Teresa's College. These were in addition to the existing major structures, the Maharaja's College and Ernakulam General Hospital. The annual Durbar processions which normally used to take place in Chitoor Road, was later shifted to this stretch. The road has seen several major agitations as part of Indian Independence movements. In the 1930s, the students of Maharaja's College lead a major agitation against Kochi Kingdom which was brutally suppressed with the help of armed police. The Park was the main venue for Civil Disobedience movement in Kochi. It was for the

neg: Bhikaiji Cama Lenin reportedly invited her to reside in the Soviet Union, but she did not accept. Influenced by Christabel Pankhurst and the Suffragette movement, Bhikhaiji Cama was vehement in her support for gender equality. Speaking in Cairo, Egypt in 1910, she asked, "I see here the representatives of only half the population of Egypt. May I ask where is the other half? Sons of Egypt, where are the daughters of Egypt? Where are your mothers and sisters? Your wives and daughters?" Cama's stance with respect to the vote for women was however secondary to her position on Indian independence; in 1920,

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu The Indian independence movement had a long history in the Tamil-speaking districts of the then Madras Presidency going back to the 18th century. The first resistance to the British was offered by the legendary Puli Thevan in 1757. Since then there had been rebellions by "polygars" such as the Marudu brothers, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Oomathurai and Dheeran Chinnamalai and the sepoys of Vellore. Though there were no violent rebellions in the 19th century, still, there were continuous agitations by Indian independence activists such as Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty, John Bruce Norton, Eardley Norton, Sir T. Muthuswamy

neg: Abadi Bano Begum often addressed women-only gatherings and exhorted women to donate to the "Tilak Swaraj Fund" which was set up by Bal Gangadhar Tilak for the Indian freedom movement. She was active in the freedom movement until her death in 1924. On 14 August 1990, Pakistan Post Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in her honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series. Abadi Bano Begum Abadi Bano Begum (1850–1924) was a prominent voice in the Indian independence movement. She was also known as Bi Amman. Begum was one of the first Muslim women to actively take part in politics and was part

neg: Sri Lankan independence movement and the eradication of inequalities imposed by caste. In 1927, the JYC invited Indian independence movement leader Gandhi to visit Jaffna. The JYC led a successful boycott of the first State Council elections in Jaffna in 1931, arguing that the Donoughmore reforms did not concede enough self-government. In the 1930s the Youth Leagues were formed in the South, around a core of intellectuals who had returned from education in Britain, influenced by leftist ideals. The Ministers of the CNC petitioned the colonial government to increase their powers, instead of demanding independence, or even dominion status. They were forced to withdraw

neg: Gandhian economics independence in 1947, Gandhi's advocacy of homespun "khadi" clothing, the "khadi" attire (which included the Gandhi cap) developed into popular symbols of nationalism and patriotism. India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru totally differed with Gandhi, even before independence and partition of India. Gandhi did not participate in celebration of Indian independence, he was busy controlling the post partition communal violence. Gandhian activists such as Vinoba Bhave and Jayaprakash Narayan were involved in the "Sarvodaya" movement, which sought to promote self-sufficiency amidst India's rural population by encouraging land redistribution, socio-economic reforms and promoting cottage industries. The movement sought to combat the

neg: National Games of Pakistan National Games of Pakistan The National Games of Pakistan is a multi-sport event held in Pakistan. It comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different teams participate against each other. The games are organized by Pakistan Sports Board, Pakistan Olympic Association and the host province.First Edition of Quaid-e-Azam Inter Provincial Youth Games was already take place in Islamabad Before the Independence, in 1924, Indian chapter of the Olympic movement was born. The founder was G.D. Sondhi, the first Secretary of the Punjab Olympic Association. Lt.Col H.L.O. Garrett, vice principal of Government College, Lahore, was the President of the founder

neg: Uprising 2011: Indians Against Corruption of independence (against corruption). The book gives a thumb-nail view of the historical awakening of the Indian society, to take the readers through the struggle chronologically as it was being reported. Uprising 2011: Indians Against Corruption Uprising 2011- Indians Against Corruption, published in January 2013, is a pictorial diary/chronicle of the civil-society supported anti-corruption movement that took place in India between 2010-12. The period compilation has been jointly brought together by Kiran Bedi and Pavan Choudary as a dedication to all the Indians who participated in anti-corruption uprising led by Anna Hazare. Uprising 2011 is a compilation of selected news

neg: Kallara-Pangode Struggle Kallara-Pangode Struggle The Kallara-Pangode Struggle is one of the 39 agitations declared by the Government of India as the movements that led to the country gaining independence from the British rule. It is listed alongside some of the most important movements of Indian independence such as Quit India Movement, Khilafat Movement, Malabar Rebellion, the Ghaddar Movement and Hollwell Revolt Movement by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. It is ranked 26th among the 39 most revered movements that were part of Indian Independence Movement and culminated in the British rule ending over Indian territories in 1947. Pangode and Kallara are adjoining villages

neg: Kadakkal Kadakkal Kadakkal is a historic town located in the eastern part of Kollam district, Kerala. It is 44 km away from Kollam City, 50 km away from Thiruvananthapuram and 5 km east of Nilamel, which is on Trivandrum – Angamaly State Highway (MC Road). State highway 64 passes through the town. The town is an important business centre and is known for its spice production and trade. Kadakkal is known for a long time and is the place where one of the notable movements of Indian independence movement took place. Kadakkal Riot Case is listed by the Home Ministry, Government

neg: History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland numbers thanks to the repatriation agreement with the USSR. Poland was the only Eastern Bloc country to allow free Jewish aliyah without visas or exit permits. The exodus took place in stages. Many left simply because they did not want to live in a communist country. Others did not wish to rebuild their lives in a place where their families were murdered, and instead joined their relatives abroad. As soon as the Polish independence movement took hold in 1912–1914 with the aim to put forth an armed struggle for sovereign Poland—following a century of partitions – the main freedom organization

neg: Dalit Buddhist movement Tamil Nadu. He presented Buddhism as a religious alternative for the Dalits. Thass' efforts created a broad movement amongst Tamil Dalits in South India till the 1950s. The first president of the Indian Buddhist Association was Paul Carus. The Indian Buddhist Association, unlike the Dalit movement led by Ambedkar, adopted the Theravada Buddhism tradition found in Sri Lanka, where Thass had received his training and initiation in Buddhism. Ambedkar was an Indian leader, influential during the colonial era and post-independence period of India. He belonged to a Dalit community, traditionally the most oppressed and marginalized group in Indian society. He

neg: Indian independence movement Indian National Army movement led by Subhas Chandra Bose. The Indian self-rule movement was a mass-based movement that encompassed various sections of society. It also underwent a process of constant ideological evolution. Although the basic ideology of the movement was anti-colonial, it was supported by a vision of independent capitalist economic development coupled with a secular, democratic, republican, and civil-libertarian political structure. After the 1930s, the movement took on a strong socialist orientation, owing to the influence of Bhagat Singh's demand of Purna Swaraj (Complete Self-Rule). The work of these various movements led ultimately to the Indian Independence Act 1947,

neg: Indian Independence League Language, married a Japanese woman, and became a naturalised Japanese citizen. Before and during the Malayan Campaign, Rash Behari had tried to interest Japanese efforts to aims of the Indian Independence movement. With encouraging reports from Fujiwara and the establishment of the local Independence leagues, the IGHQ sought Rash Behari's help to expand and amalgamate the Indian movement taking shape. Rash Behari advised the IGHQ to attach the evolving INA to a political organisation that would also speak for the civilian Indian population in South-east Asia. In March 1942, he invited the local leaders of the Indian Independence leagues to

neg: Tamil Renaissance romanticism of V. Kanakasabhai and L. D. Swamikannu Pillai. Tamil nationalism also inspired a pan-Indian anti-British school of thought, thereby strengthening the Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu. Indian independence activists like Subramanya Bharathy, Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, V. V. S. Aiyar, Subramania Siva, V. Kalyanasundara Mudaliar and M. P. Sivagnanam were accomplished Tamil writers. Tamil Renaissance Tamil Renaissance refers to the literary, cultural, social reform and political movements that took place in the Tamil-speaking districts of Southern India starting in the second half of the 19th century and lasting to the culmination of the anti-Hindi agitations of

neg: Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition Committee, sought Lenin's help for the Indian independence movement. Some of these revolutionaries were involved in the early Indian communist movement. With a price on his head, Mahendra Pratap travelled under an Afghan nationality for a number of years before returning to India after 1947. He was subsequently elected to the Indian parliament. Barkatullah and C.R. Pillai returned to Germany after a brief period in Russia. Barkatullah later moved back to the United States, where he died in San Francisco in 1927. Pillai was associated with the League against Imperialism in Germany, where he witnessed the Nazi rise to power.

neg: Tarwara was the place where great hero of Indian Independence Movement, Shri Phulena Prasad centralised his activity and fought against the Britishers. Mehandar A village in Siswan Blcok, where there is a temple of Lord Shiva & Lord Vishwakarma which is visited by the people of the locality on the Shivaratri day & Vishwakarma Puja (17 Sept) Day. It is known for its temple and a pond scatted over an area of more than 52 bighas. It is said that one Nepal king built these and took his bath in the pond and got his leprosy cured. Bhikhabandh A village in

neg: Karamsad a place where cricket tournaments are held during summer. VALLABH VIDYANAGAR MAP (UNI): http://www.spuvvn.edu/new_vvnmap2.jpg Karamsad Weather http://weather.weatherbug.com/India/Karamsad-weather.html?zcode=z560288* Krishna Hospital. http://www.charutarhealth.org/healthcare/shree-krishna-hospital.html Karamsad Karamsad is a city and a municipality in Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the "Chhagaam Gol" ("Circle of Six Villages"). Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, one of India's greatest leaders in the Indian Independence Movement grew up in Karamsad. It was also the home of his elder brother Vithalbhai Patel, who was also an important political leader. The Patel brothers lived with their two elder brothers and one younger brother and sister, and parents

neg: Indian independence movement rejected the Quit India plan, and most cooperated closely with the British, as did the princely states, the civil service and the police. The Muslim League supported the Raj and grew rapidly in membership, and in influence with the British. There was opposition to the Quit India Movement from several political quarters who were fighting for Indian self-rule. Hindu nationalist parties like the Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call and boycotted the Quit India Movement. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled "Stick to your

neg: Speeches about Indian independence Speeches about Indian independence India won independence from Britain by the Indian Independence Act 1947, ending the British Raj. This act, passed in June and receiving royal assent in July, took effect on 15 August 1947. Although the militant factions of the Independence movement were advocating a complete break from British rule for almost a century, the first call for a non-violent movement led by Mahatma Gandhi was articulated in the aftermath of the failed Cripps' mission in April, 1942. Below is an excerpt of Gandhi's speech advocating complete independence from British rule. "I am convinced that the time has

neg: Speeches about Indian independence great whose people are narrow in thought or in action." Speeches about Indian independence India won independence from Britain by the Indian Independence Act 1947, ending the British Raj. This act, passed in June and receiving royal assent in July, took effect on 15 August 1947. Although the militant factions of the Independence movement were advocating a complete break from British rule for almost a century, the first call for a non-violent movement led by Mahatma Gandhi was articulated in the aftermath of the failed Cripps' mission in April, 1942. Below is an excerpt of Gandhi's speech advocating complete independence

neg: Indian independence movement the British in Singapore in 1945. Bose, however, attempted to escape to Japanese-held Manchuria in an attempt to escape to the Soviet Union, marking the end of the entire Azad Hind movement. The Quit India Movement "(Bharat Chhodo Andolan)" or the "August Movement" was a civil disobedience movement in India which commenced on 8 August 1942 in response to Gandhi's call for immediate self-rule by Indians and against sending Indians to World War II. He asked all teachers to leave their schools, and other Indians to leave their respective jobs and take part in this movement. Due to Gandhi's political

neg: Bollywood switched to sound filming. The 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times: India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their plots. In 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of "Alam Ara" fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, "Kisan Kanya". The next year, he made another colour film, a version of "Mother India". However, colour did not become a popular

neg: Indian National Army government and omission of the INA and the Red Fort trials from historical records of the period leading up to Indian independence in 1947 have come in for criticisms. Indian activists like Samar Guha, historians like Kapil Kumar, as well as Indian parliamentarians allege that official histories of the independence movement largely omit events surrounding the INA – especially the Red Fort trials and the Bombay Mutiny – and ignore their significance in rejuvenating the independence movement and guiding British decisions to relinquish the Raj. A history of the army and of "Azad Hind", written by Indian historian Pratul Chandra

neg: K. P. K. Menon which included Menon. K. P. K. Menon K. P. Keshava Menon (1884?–?) was an Indian lawyer and a leading Indian independence activist from Kerala who was a key proponent of the formation of the Indian Independence League (IIL) and a lawyer for the Indian National Army (INA). Menon was educated in Madras and England and had started his own in law practice in Kozhikode shortly after World War I and later opened a branch of Annie Besant's Home Rule movement. He moved to Madras where he started a branch of the New Fabian Society to "study public questions while simultaneously

neg: K. P. K. Menon K. P. K. Menon K. P. Keshava Menon (1884?–?) was an Indian lawyer and a leading Indian independence activist from Kerala who was a key proponent of the formation of the Indian Independence League (IIL) and a lawyer for the Indian National Army (INA). Menon was educated in Madras and England and had started his own in law practice in Kozhikode shortly after World War I and later opened a branch of Annie Besant's Home Rule movement. He moved to Madras where he started a branch of the New Fabian Society to "study public questions while simultaneously organising a union

neg: Rash Behari Bose resolution was adopted to invite Subhas Chandra Bose to join the League and take its command as its president. The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Malaya and Burma fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the Indian National Army (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the Azad Hind movement and handed over the flag to Subhas Chandra Bose. But although he handed over the power, his organizational structure remained, and it was on the

neg: Kakori conspiracy Kakori conspiracy The Kakori Conspiracy (or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The robbery was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the HRA, which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for purchase

neg: British Asian the British Raj, with most returning to India after a few months or years, and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947, eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most significant wave of Asian immigration to and settlement in the United Kingdom came following World War II, the breakup of the British Empire and the independence of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and later Bangladesh, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. An influx of Asian immigrants also took place following the expulsion or flight of Indian communities (then holders of

neg: India–Japan relations many Indians resented the British rule. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance was ended on 17 August 1923. As a result, during the two World Wars, the INA adopted the "an enemy of our enemy is our friend" attitude, legacy that is still controversial today given the war crimes committed by Imperial Japan and its allies. Many Indian independence movement activists escaped from British rule and stayed in Japan. The leader of the Indian Independence Movement, Rash Behari Bose created India–Japan relations. Future prime minister Tsuyoshi Inukai, pan-Asianist Mitsuru Tōyama and other Japanese supported the Indian Independence movement. A. M. Nair, a student

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu by starting newspapers and forming social and political organisations. The first Indian-run newspaper "The Crescent" was started by Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty to counter Christian missionary propaganda and alleged British injustice. But the newspaper which played a major part in the history of the Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu was the English-language "The Hindu" which was started by Indian independence activists G. Subramania Iyer, M. Veeraraghavachariar and N. Subba Rao Pantulu in 1878 in support of the candidature of T. Muthuswamy Iyer as the first Indian judge of the Madras High Court. In the following years, "The Hindu" launched severe

neg: Quit India Movement had passed a resolution during the Wardha meeting of the working-committee in September 1939, conditionally supporting the fight against fascism, but were rebuffed when they asked for independence in return. Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war (he was a committed believer in non-violent resistance, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo). However, at the height of the Battle of Britain, Gandhi had stated his support for the fight against racism and of the British war effort, stating he did not seek

neg: History of Puducherry union of French India with the Indian Union did not take place until 1962. On a "de facto" basis, the bureaucracy had been united with India's on 1 November 1954. It was organized as a Union Territory in 1963. Puducherry is now a part of India. From the time India gained its independence from British rule in 1947, it raised the issue of the French settlements on the continent with the Government of France. It took seven years for Puducherry to effectively unite with independent India. Political agitation to achieve this goal began earlier. In 1787 and 1791, farmers of

neg: Phillips Talbot take a position with the Institute of Current World Affairs in India where he reported on the Indian independence movement. The Phillips Talbot Fellowship was named in his honor and is awarded yearly by the Institute to promising young journalists. Talbot was the United States Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs from 1961-65 during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Talbot served as President of Asia Society from 1970-1982 and was awarded the Padma Shri in March 2002 for his efforts in fomenting peace between India and America during his tenure as President. Phillips Talbot William

neg: Satyananda Stokes his sorrows and throw himself into the struggle, has proved too much for the government. To leave him free to criticise the government was intolerable, so his white skin has proved no protection for him…" He died on 14 May 1946 after an extended illness shortly before Indian independence. Satyananda Stokes Satyananda Stokes (born Samuel Evans Stokes, Jr., 16 August 1882 – 14 May 1946) was an American who settled in India and participated in the Indian Independence Movement. He is best remembered today for having introduced apple cultivation to the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, where apples are today

neg: The Story of My Experiments with Truth swore to poverty and chastity. After a while, Gandhi became influenced by the idea of Indian independence from the British, but he dreaded the possibility that a westernized Indian elite would replace the British government. He developed a strong conviction that Indian independence should take place as a large-scale sociopolitical reform, which would remove the old plagues of extreme poverty and caste restrictions. In fact, he believed that Indians could not become worthy of self-government unless they all shared a concern for the poor. As Gandhi resumed his public life in India in 1916, he delivered a speech at the

neg: Catalan independence movement of office, omitted the oath of loyalty to the king and the Spanish constitution, the first Catalan president to do so. Further pro-independence demonstrations took place in Barcelona in September 2015, and in Barcelona, Berga, Lleida, Salt and Tarragona in September 2016. In late September 2016, Puigdemont told the parliament that a binding referendum on independence would be held in the second half of September 2017, with or without the consent of the Spanish institutions. Puigdemont announced in June 2017 that the referendum would take place on 1 October, and that the question would be, "Do you want Catalonia to

neg: S. R. Rana Bhikaji Cama, he founded the Paris Indian Society that same year as an extension of the Indian Home Rule Society on the European continent. As Shyamji Krishna Varma did also, Rana announced three scholarships for Indian students, each worth Rs 2,000 in memory of Maharana Pratap, Chhatrapati Shivaji and Akbar in December, 1905 issue of "The Indian Sociologist". He had announced several other scholarships and travel fellowships. He helped Indian independence movement in several ways. Madan Lal Dhingra had used his pistol to assassinate Curzon Wyllie in 1909. He had helped Vinayak Damodar Savarkar to publish his banned book, "The

neg: Kizhoor, Puducherry Kizhoor, Puducherry Kizhoor is a village situated in the Villianur Commune Panchayat, Puducherry. It is located around 22 kilometers away from Puducherry. Kizhoor comes under the Mangalam Constituency of the Union Territory of Puducherry. Kizhoor has an important place in the Indian Independence Movement. French Government had conducted a Referendum in Kizhoor either to continue as a French Colonial State or to unite with the Indian nation. The French government conceded the merger of Puducherry and other French establishments through at Kizhoor. Pondicherry played a dual role in the history of the freedom movement. It fought for its own freedom

neg: Lakhimpur Kheri district centres of Indian independence movement in northern "Oudh". The refugees from Shahjahanpur reached Mohammadi on 2 June 1857, and two days later Mohammadi was abandoned, most of the British party were shot down on the way to Sitapur, and the survivors died or were murdered later in Lucknow. The British officials in Mallanpur, with a few who had fled from Sitapur, escaped to Nepal, where later on most of them died. Till October 1858, British officials did not make any other attempt to regain control of the district. By the end of 1858 British officials regained the control and the

neg: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence tried for treason, the charge being that they had incited various regiments of the army against the ruler. Jugantar, along with other revolutionary groups, and aided by Indians abroad, planned an armed revolt against the British rulers during the First World War. This plan largely depended on the clandestine landing of German arms and ammunitions in the Indian coast. This plan came to be known as the "Indo-German Plot." However, the planned revolt did not materialise. After the First World War Jugantar supported Gandhi in the Non-Cooperation Movement and many of their leaders were in the Congress. Still, the group

neg: Sushila Ganesh Mavalankar Sushila Ganesh Mavalankar Sushila Ganesh Mavalankar (4 August 1904–11 December 1995) was an Indian freedom fighter. She was elected to the 1st Lok Sabha unopposed from Ahmedabad in 1956. Daughter to Ramakrishna Gopinath Gurjar Date, Sushila was born on 4 August 1904 in the Bombay State and did her schooling to the under- metric level. Mavalankar took active part in the Indian Independence movement and on the call of Mahatma Gandhi participated in the Quit India Movement in 1942, which led to her imprisonment by the British authorities. She attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II held in June 1953.

neg: Indian independence movement it did not have the support of most Indian Muslims. Attacks by Hindu reformers against religious conversion, cow slaughter, and the preservation of Urdu in Arabic script deepened their concerns of minority status and denial of rights if the Congress alone were to represent the people of India. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan launched a movement for Muslim regeneration that culminated in the founding in 1875 of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (renamed Aligarh Muslim University in 1920). Its objective was to educate wealthy students by emphasising the compatibility of Islam with modern western knowledge. The diversity among

neg: E. Moidu Moulavi E. Moidu Moulavi E. Moidu Moulavi(1886–1995) was a freedom fighter of Malabar, born at Maranchery in Ponnani. E Moidu Moulavi was born in 1886 to the family of Malayankulathel Marakkar Musliyar Maranchery, a scholar and freedom activist from Ponnani. He did his primary schooling at the Kodenchery Dars religious seminary before moving to Vazhakkad. After completing his studies at the Vazhakkad Darul Uloom Arabic college under the tutelage of Chalilakath Kunhahammad Haji, he joined the Indian National Movement from 1919 onwards. As a skilled orator and organizer, he was instrumental in drawing Mohammed Abdul Rahiman into the Indian Independence movement.

neg: Lala Lajpat Rai Assistant Superintendent of Police. He was shot by Rajguru and Bhagat Singh while leaving the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 December 1928. Chanan Singh, a Head Constable who was chasing them, was fatally injured by Azad's covering fire. This case of mistaken identity did not stop Bhagat Singh and his fellow-members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association from claiming that retribution had been exacted. Lajpat Rai was a heavyweight veteran leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement, Indian independence movement, Hindu reform movements and Arya Samaj, who inspired young men of his generation and kindled latent spirit of patriotism

neg: Council of State (India) crores (240,000,000) in 1920. The Government of India Act 1935 introduced further reforms. The size of the Council was increased to 260 members, 156 came from provinces while 104 came from the princely states. However, elections to the federal legislature did not take place until 1946. Council of State (India) The Council of State was the upper house of the legislature for British India (the Imperial Legislative Council) created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the old Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house. As a result of Indian independence,

neg: Banappa Park Banappa Park Banappa Park is a public park in Bangalore that has been used by various popular movements right from the days of Freedom Struggle or Indian independence movement. On average at least two rallies, attended by hundreds of people, are held every week at Banappa Park, off Hudson Circle. Many Leaders including Mahatma Gandhi have given inspiring talks and awareness speeches here in this park. Banappa Park along with Freedom Park, Bangalore is being used for social movements and arisings against the many delinquency. The park now houses a Spinning wheel symbolizing Gandhi's Ideals, which is the place where

neg: Morning Star flag Council's building in the presence of the Governor together with the Dutch flag. On 1 July 1971 at Markas Victoria in West Papua, Brigadier General Seth Jafeth Rumkorem, leader of the militant independence movement Free Papua Movement (), proclaimed unilaterally Papua Barat or West Papua as an independent democratic republic. The Morning Star flag was declared as a national flag. The Morning Star is flown by independence movements and supporters across the world. Special ceremonies take place on 1 December of each year, to commemorate the first flag raising in 1961. The flying of the Morning Star is seen by

neg: Guru Radha Kishan was a child, but his love for his nation drive him for what he did in his life to come. In the school he read a book authored by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin on the revolutionary struggle of Russia and an article about Indian Independence movement activists Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Sukhdev Thapar, Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad. Influenced by the martyrdom of the revolutionaries he left his studies to join the Independence struggle of India after hoisting the tricolour Independence flag in his school and for his this act he was sent to a reformatory school by the British

neg: British Raj Indian Muslims of later years; in the League itself, the pact did not have unanimous backing, having largely been negotiated by a group of "Young Party" Muslims from the United Provinces (UP), most prominently, two brothers Mohammad and Shaukat Ali, who had embraced the Pan-Islamic cause; however, it did have the support of a young lawyer from Bombay, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who was later to rise to leadership roles in both the League and the Indian independence movement. In later years, as the full ramifications of the pact unfolded, it was seen as benefiting the Muslim minority "élites" of provinces