query: trees of the betel nut genus of palms

pos: Areca catechu Areca catechu Areca catechu is a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. The palm is believed to have originated in the Philippines, but is widespread in cultivation and is considered naturalized in southern China (Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Ceylon, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, many of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, and also in the West Indies. The species has many common names including the areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm, Chinese language/Mandarin: , Tamil: "

pos: Areca betel nut because of as its usage in the country for mastication with betel leaves. In Assam, areca nut is also known as "tamul" in the local dialect. Areca Areca is a genus of about 50 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from China and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. The generic name "Areca" is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India. The best-known member of the genus is "A. catechu", the areca nut palm. Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw

pos: Areca Areca Areca is a genus of about 50 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from China and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. The generic name "Areca" is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India. The best-known member of the genus is "A. catechu", the areca nut palm. Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco. Areca nut is also popularly referred to as

pos: Velachery Lake plan in October last on how to beautify the lake. This included removal of encroachments in Gandhi Nagar and Ambedkar Nagar, fencing of the entire waterbody, provision of three decks for walking, viewing and fishing and a boating jetty. The consultant also suggested plantation of African grass, reed and bamboo along the middle deck and flowering plants and trees like bottlebrush, bougainvillea, royal palms and areca nut betel palms along the upper deck. Poor upkeep of the lake has been a subject of discussion for years now, as locals vent their anger against government agencies. "It is sheer neglect on

pos: Mount Ngự Bình sand strip and Thuan An Estuary in the distance along the deep blue Eastern Sea. Some kilometers away from Ngu Binh Mountain is Vong Canh hill, across from Ngoc Tran Mountain. From the Vong Canh hill, people can behold fruit gardens green with areca (betel nut) palms, longan trees, orange groves (including mandarin variety), grapefruit trees, etc. Mingling with pine trees, grey roofs of pagodas and temples, as well as the ancient and meditative tombs, the Perfume River looks like a soft silk strip winding at the foot of the hill. Mount Ngự Bình Ngự Bình () is a mountain

pos: Cultural Development of Kamarupa terms of the yield of paddy. Xuanzang noticed that coconut and jack trees were numerous. As a matter of fact coconut thrives within the present districts of Goalpara and Kamrup. As regards the cultivation of areca nut and betel leaf in Kamarupa, it find a mention not only in the Nagaon inscription of Balavarman III but also in the Aphshad inscription of Adityasena (circa 672 A. D.) wherein the betel plants being in full bloom on the banks of the Brahmaputra is stated. The Nagaon inscription describes the areca nut trees within Pragjyotishpura being wrapped by the betel creepers (pan),

pos: Noakhali District and rough furniture. Jarul is used for boat building and pillars of houses. The luxuriant growth of palms is the most characteristic feature of the vegetation. Betel nut palm or supari ("Areca catechu") plantations are more and more abundant towards the north and the west of the district and grows almost in forest. Coconut are grown abundantly throughout the district. Toddy palms or tal ("Borassus flabellifer") and date palms or khejur are also very common. Date palm is a valuable tree. The juice is extracted and made into gurr, the leaves are made into mat. Tal wood is used for

pos: Paan teeth from the habit. Paan stalls and kiosks used to be run mainly by people of Indian origin in towns and cities. Smokers who want to kick the habit would also use betel nut to wean themselves off tobacco. Taungoo in Lower Burma is where the best areca palms are grown indicated by the popular expression "like a betel lover taken to Taungoo". Other parts of the country contribute to the best paan according to another saying "Tada-U for the leaves, Ngamyagyi for the tobacco, Taungoo for the nuts, Sagaing for the slaked lime, Pyay for the cutch". "Kun, hsay,

pos: Areca nut side of the road and wait for the girls to bring their betel and areca nut to their vehicles. The habit of chewing betel nut is often associated with blue-collar labor industries such a long-haul transportation, construction, or fishing. Workers in these labor-intensive industries use betel nut for its stimulating effect, but it also becomes a tool for socializing with coworkers. For example, studies have shown chewing betel nut is prevalent among taxi, bus and truck drivers, who rely on the stimulating effect of betel nut to cope with long work hours. For these reasons, oral cancer has been identified

pos: Bad breath nut and betel leaf is a remedy for bad breath. In South Asia, it was a custom to chew areca or betel nut and betel leaf among lovers because of the breath-freshening and stimulant drug properties of the mixture. Both the nut and the leaf are mild stimulants and can be addictive with repeated use. The betel nut will also cause dental decay and red or black staining of teeth when chewed. Both areca nut and betel leaf chewing, however, can cause premalignant lesions such as leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis, and are recognised risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal squamous

pos: Betel chewing in Thailand Betel chewing in Thailand Betel quid chewing has always been an important part of Thai culture and tradition. In the past, Betel chewing was a popular daily activity among Thais all over the country. Betel comes from the plant known as Areca catechu, which grows wild all over Thailand and is known หมาก (maak). In order to chew maak the traditional Thai way, three main ingredients are needed: betel leaf, betel nut and red limestone paste. Before a betel chew, the betel nut is boiled, sliced and dried. A popular method is to cut the betel nut into four smaller

pos: Areca nut as a leading cause of death in professions with high betel nut-chewing rates. In Hainan and Hunan Province, China, where Xiangtan is a center of use and processing, a wide range of old and young people consume areca nut daily. Most, though, consume the dried variety of the nut by itself, without the betel leaves. Some people also consume the areca nut in its raw, fresh form with or without the betel leaves. Betel nuts are sold mostly by old women walking around trying to sell it, but the dried version can be found in most shops which sell tea,

pos: Areca nut guests who visit a Malay house are presented with a tray of areca nuts and betel leaves, in much the same way as drinks are offered to guests in many cultures around the world. There is even a Malay proverb about the betel nut, ""bagaikan pinang dibelah dua"", loosely translated "like a betel nut cut in two", usually used in the context of wedding to illustrate how perfectly matched the bride and the groom is. In the Indian subcontinent, the chewing of betel and areca nut dates back to the pre-Vedic period Harappan empire. Formerly, in both India and Sri

pos: Culture of Gujarat in grinding and extracting the exotic flavours. The nut is either slivered or grated, often flavored with spices according to local tradition and usually wrapped in a betel leaf (betel leaf comes from the betel pepper plant, "Piper betle", which is not botanically related to the betel palm, "Areca catechu"), along with some lime (calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) to better extract the alkaloids. Some people also chew tobacco, marijuana or cocaine along with betel nut. After about 20 minutes of chewing, the fibrous residue which remains of the nut is spat out onto the street, where it remains visible

pos: Areca nut Lanka, it was a custom of the royalty to chew areca nut with betel leaf. Kings had special attendants whose duty it was to carry a box with all the necessary ingredients for a good chewing session. There was also a custom for lovers to chew areca nut and betel leaf together, because of its breath-freshening and relaxant properties. A sexual symbolism thus became attached to the chewing of the nut and the leaf. The areca nut represented the male principle, and the betel leaf the female principle. Considered an auspicious ingredient in Hinduism and some schools of Buddhism, the

pos: Betel nut beauty scantily clothed, some betel nut beauties also allowed customers to touch their bodies, putting them on a par with sex workers. However, this special kind of service was believed to be available only to customers who had purchased a certain amount of pinang. Leaving aside the fear that these practices would generate crime, the presence of betel nut beauties also distracted drivers and caused more car accidents. Pinang refers to the seed of "Areca catechu", or betel palm, which, like "Cocos nucifera" (or the coconut palm), belongs to Arecaceae (the palm family) and is a kind of evergreen tree whose

pos: Areca nut has recently been introduced into Vanuatu, where it is growing in popularity, especially in the northern islands of the country. In Guam and the neighboring Northern Mariana Islands, betel and areca nut chewing is a social pastime as a means to extend friendship, and can be found in many, if not most, large gatherings as part of the food display. In Palau, betel nut is chewed with lime, piper leaf and nowadays, with the addition of tobacco. Older and younger generations alike enjoy the use of betel nut, which is readily available at stores and markets. Unlike in Papua New

pos: Areca nut areca nut is still used along with betel leaf in religious ceremonies, and also while honoring individuals in much of southern Asia. In Assam, it is a tradition to offer "pan-tamul" (betel leaves and raw areca nut) to guests, after tea or meals, served in a brass plate with stands called "bota". Among the Assamese, the areca nut also has a variety of uses during religious and marriage ceremonies, where it has the role of a fertility symbol. A tradition from Upper Assam is to invite guests to wedding receptions by offering a few areca nuts with betel leaves. During

pos: Betel Betel The betel ("Piper betle") is a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava. Betel leaf is mostly consumed in Asia, and elsewhere in the world by some Asian emigrants, as betel "quid" or in paan, with Areca nut and/or tobacco. In India and Sri Lanka a sheaf of betel leaves is traditionally offered as a mark of respect and auspicious beginnings. Occasions include greeting elders at wedding ceremonies, celebrating the New Year, and offering payment to Ayurvedic physicians and astrologers (to whom money and/or areca nut, placed on top of the sheaf of leaves, are

pos: Paan This is usually the Paan-Tamul-Soon (Slacked lime) with cardamom pods in it to freshen the breath. "Bersirih", "nyirih" or menginang is a Malay-Indonesian tradition of chewing materials such as nut, betel, gambier, tobacco, clove and limestone. "Menginang" tradition or chewing betel nut is widespread among Indonesian ethnic groups, especially among the Javanese, Balinese and Malay people; dating back to more than 3000 years. Records of travelers from China showed that betel and areca had been consumed since the 2nd century BCE. In the Malay archipelago, the "menginang" or betel nut chewing has become a revered activity in local tradition; being

pos: Areca nut phrase "matters of betel and areca" ("chuyện trầu cau") is synonymous with marriage. The tradition of chewing areca nuts starts the talk between the groom's parents and the bride's parents about the young couple's marriage. Therefore, the leaves and juices are used ceremonially in Vietnamese weddings. The folk tale explaining the origin of this Vietnamese tradition is a good illustration of the belief that the combination of areca nut and the betel leaf is ideal to the point they are practically inseparable, like an idealized married couple. Malay culture and tradition hold betel nut and leaves in high esteem. Traditionally,

pos: Paan such as gutka over paan. Higher costs, water scarcity and unpredictable weather have made betel gardens less lucrative. 1. Auspicious: In Assam, betel nut are traditionally offered as a mark of respect and auspicious beginnings. It is a tradition to offer pan-tamul (betel leaves and raw areca nut) to guests, after tea or meals, served in a brass plate with stands called bota. Among the Assamese, the areca nut also has a variety of uses during religious and marriage ceremonies, where it has the role of a fertility symbol. When showing respect to elders, people, especially newly weds place a

pos: Adonidia merrillii is also one of the most commonly planted ornamental palms in the world, often planted in non-tropical locations such as shopping malls. Its fruits are sometimes said to be used as a substitute for the betel nut, in preparing buyo (fruit of "Areca catechu", leaves of "Piper betle", and lime) for chewing. Adonidia merrillii Adonidia merrillii, the Manila palm, is a palm tree species native to the Philippines (Palawan and Danjugan Island), Malaysia (Sabah), and is reportedly naturalized in the West Indies. It is commonly known as the "Christmas Palm" because its fruits become bright scarlet and tend to be

pos: Mailu Island his journeys. Between 1972 and 1974 New Zealand archaeologist Geoffrey Irwin carried out a survey of Mailu Island and the neighbouring coast where linguistically related groups, speakers of Mailuan languages, live. Mailu Island Mailu Island is a small, 1.8 km long, island in Central Province, Papua New Guinea. It lies 250 km ESE from Port Moresby. Mailu is an island that has been inhabited since ancient times. It is located 8 km south of the New Guinean coast. Bananas, taro, yams, betel, sugarcane, as well as coconut, areca nut and sago palms grow on the island. The village is located

pos: Mailu Island Mailu Island Mailu Island is a small, 1.8 km long, island in Central Province, Papua New Guinea. It lies 250 km ESE from Port Moresby. Mailu is an island that has been inhabited since ancient times. It is located 8 km south of the New Guinean coast. Bananas, taro, yams, betel, sugarcane, as well as coconut, areca nut and sago palms grow on the island. The village is located on the NE shores. There is a smaller island right off Mailu's southern point. Pottery was made by the women on Mailu Island and traded with goods from the coast, mainly

pos: Areca nut production in India Areca nut production in India Areca nut production in India is dominant in the coastal region within from the coast line, and also in some other non-coastal states of India. Areca nut ("Areca catechu"), a tropical crop, is popularly known as betel nut, as its common usage in the country is for mastication with betel leaves. It is a palm tree species under the family of Arecaceae. It has commercial and economic importance not only in India but also in China and Southeast Asia. Areca nut production in India is the largest in the world, as per FAO statistics for

pos: Areca nut spices for extra flavouring. Betel leaf has a fresh, peppery taste, but it can also be bitter to varying degrees depending on the variety. Areca nuts are chewed with betel leaf for their effects as a mild stimulant, causing a warming sensation in the body and slightly heightened alertness, although the effects vary from person to person. The areca nut contains the tannins arecatannin and gallic acid; a fixed oil gum; a little terpineol; lignin; various saline substances; and three main alkaloids—arecoline, arecaidine, and guvacine—all of which have vasoconstricting properties. The betel leaf chewed along with the nut contains eugenol,

pos: Paan pair of paan Tamul on a xorai, places it in front of the elder ( a plate like utensil with a stand) and bows in front of it to show respect or while asking for forgiveness. 2. Invitation : A tradition from Assam is to invite guests to wedding receptions by offering a few areca nuts with betel leaves. During Bihu , the husori players are offered areca nuts and betel leaves by each household while their blessings are solicited. 3. Refreshment: A customary Paan-Tamul (Betel nut leaf- Betel nut) is offered to guests after the end of every Bhoj[feast].

pos: Areca nut usually disposed of by spitting, producing bright red spots wherever the expectorate lands. In the Maldives, areca nut chewing is very popular, but spitting is frowned upon and regarded as an unrefined, repulsive way of chewing. Usually, people prefer to chew thin slices of the dry nut, which is sometimes roasted. "Kili", a mixture of areca nut, betel, cloves, cardamom and sugar is sold in small home-made paper pouches. Old people who have lost their teeth keep "chewing" by pounding the mixture of areca nut and betel with a small mortar and pestle. In Papua New Guinea and the Solomon

pos: Areca nut alcohol and cigarettes. In Thailand, the consumption of areca nut has declined gradually in the last decades. The younger generation rarely chews the substance, especially in the cities. Most of the present-day consumption is confined to older generations, mostly people above 50. Even so, small trays of betel leaves and sliced tender areca nut are sold in markets and used as offerings in Buddhist shrines. In Australia, the sale of areca nut is prohibited. In the Philippines, chewing the areca nut and betel leaf was a very widespread tradition in the past. Now, though, this tradition is almost dead among

pos: Areca nut Areca nut The areca nut ( or ) is the fruit of the areca palm ("Areca catechu"), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily confused with betel ("Piper betle") leaves that are often used to wrap it ("paan"). The term "areca" originated from the Kannada word "adike" (ಅಡಿಕೆ) and dates from the 16th century, when Dutch and Portuguese sailors took the nut from Kerala to Europe. Consumption has many harmful effects on health and is

pos: Living root bridges as the root bridge becomes stronger. Some living root bridges are grown by training young "Ficus elastica" roots through the hollowed-out trunks of Areca nut palms. The pliable tree roots are made to grow through betel tree trunks which have been placed across rivers and streams until the figs' roots attach themselves to the other side. The trunks serve to guide the roots, to protect them, and to provide them with nutrients as they decay.Sticks, stones, and other objects are used to stabilize the growing bridge This process can take up to 15 years to complete. This means of creating

pos: Areca nut the urban people in the cities and big towns, and has largely been replaced by gum and tobacco. Nowadays, older people are the only ones chewing betel nuts. But in rural areas, betel nut-chewing is very much alive. In the United States, areca nut is not a controlled or specially taxed substance and may be found in some Asian grocery stores. However, importation of areca nut in a form other than whole or carved kernels of nuts can be stopped at the discretion of US Customs officers on the grounds of food, agricultural, or medicinal drug violations. Such actions by

pos: Areca nut Organization sponsored group, found sufficient evidence that the habit of chewing betel quid, with or without tobacco, causes cancer in humans. Support for this conclusion is provided by a recent study which found that "paan", even without concurrent tobacco use, is a risk factor for oral cancer. In October, 2009, 30 scientists from 10 countries met at IARC to reassess the carcinogenicity of various agents including areca nut, and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. They confirmed there is sufficient evidence that areca nut, with or without tobacco, can cause cancer. The harm caused by consumption of betel quid or areca nut by

pos: Areca nut and betel leaf is a good remedy against bad breath. Diplomat Edmund Roberts noted that Chinese people would mix areca nut with "Uncaria gambir" during his visit to China in the 1830s. After chewing a betelnut, the red residue is generally spat out and is considered an eyesore. This has led many places to ban chewing this nut. Chewing the mixture of areca nut and betel leaf is a tradition, custom, or ritual which dates back thousands of years in much of the geographical areas from South Asia eastward to the Pacific. It constitutes an important and popular cultural activity

pos: Mysore betel leaf Mysore betel leaf Mysore betel leaf is a variety of heart shaped betel (Piper betel) leaf grown in and around the region of Mysore. It is consumed as a betel quid or as paan, with or without tobacco. A sheaf of betel leaves is traditionally offered as a mark of respect and auspicious beginnings. Areca nut are kept on top of the sheaf of betel leaves and offered to the elders for their blessings and during wedding ceremonies. Mysore betel leaves are said to differ from other betel leaves because of their smooth texture and hot taste. They are protected

pos: Mysore betel leaf done so that the farmers of Mysore exclusively have the right to brand their product using the term Mysore betel leaf. It was granted the Geographical Indication status three years later, in 2005. Mysore betel leaf Mysore betel leaf is a variety of heart shaped betel (Piper betel) leaf grown in and around the region of Mysore. It is consumed as a betel quid or as paan, with or without tobacco. A sheaf of betel leaves is traditionally offered as a mark of respect and auspicious beginnings. Areca nut are kept on top of the sheaf of betel leaves and

pos: Smokeless tobacco keratosis tobacco with flavoring. Dipping tobacco ("moist snuff") is air or fire-cured, finely cut tobacco. Dry snuff is ground or pulverised tobacco leaves. In the Indian subcontinent, the Middle-East and South-East Asia, tobacco may be combined in a quid or paan with other ingredients such as betel leaf, Areca nut and slaked lime. Use of Areca nut is associated with oral submucous fibrosis. An appearance termed Betel chewer's mucosa describes morsicatio buccarum with red-staining of mucosa due to betel quid ingredients. In Scandinavian countries, snus, a variant of dry snuff, is sometimes used. In the United States of America, the most

pos: Areca nut and squamous cell carcinoma. Acute effects of betel chewing include asthma exacerbation, hypertension, and tachycardia. There may additionally be a higher risk of cancers of the liver, mouth, esophagus, stomach, prostate, cervix, and lung with regular betel use. Other effects can include altered blood sugar levels, which may in turn increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes." Use of areca nut has been associated with deterioration of psychosis in people with preexisting psychiatric disorders. Areca nut consumption is also tied to chronic kidney disease in men. In 2003 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a World Health

pos: Sagara, Karnataka consist of 31 wards with the respective number of councillors. The population of the city was 64,550 at the 2011 census and total area is 19.71 sq. km. Sagara derives its name from "Sadashiva Sagar", which is a lake. Sadashiva Nayaka, ruler of Keladi dynasty built a lake in between Keladi and Ikkeri. Sadashiva Sagar is now called Ganapathi Kere (Ganapathi Lake). It is a subdivisional headquarters headed by a subdivisional magistrate and Fifth additional District Magistrate. The economy of Sagara is mainly driven by areca nut (betel nut), paddy, spice and forest products trade. Betel nut is the major

pos: Sirsi, Karnataka agriculture based. "Adike" (also known as "supari", areca nut or betel nut) is the primary crop grown in the villages that surround the city, making it one of the major trading centres for areca nut. The nuts grown there are transported all over India, and also exported abroad. The region is also known for spices such as cardamom, pepper, betel leaves, and vanilla. The major food crop is paddy. Sirsi is located at (Grid Square MK74). It has an average elevation of 968 metres (3175 feet), and is situated in the heart of the Western Ghats. Sirsi is about from

pos: Areca nut in many Asian and Oceanic countries, including Pakistan, the Maldives, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), China, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Palau, Yap, Guam, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. How or when the areca nut and the betel leaf were first combined into one psychoactive drug is not known. Archaeological evidence from Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines suggests they have been used in tandem for at least 4000 years. In Vietnam, the areca nut and the betel leaf are such important symbols of love and marriage that in Vietnamese the

pos: Vasudev V. Shenoy Bluebells, Jasmines and Roses. The spicy Clove, Cardamom, Pepper, Jaiphal and Coffee, rub shoulders (or rather branches) with the fragrant Champa, Dreamy Rajnigandha, colourful Mayflower and prosaic Rubber and Coconut trees. All are planted in pots 22" and less in height! Even the spaces below the bigger trees like Jamun, Seedless Mangoes, Chickoo, Mosambi, Pomegranate, Areca nut, Lemon and Guavas are lined with useful herbs like Ajwain, Pudina, Coriander, Lemongrass, Brahmi and Betel Leaves. One can see fruits growing in the most unbelievable conditions like a Mango of the size of a complete human palm, growing on a tree/plant just

pos: Areca nut an essential part of Bhutanese life and culture." The addition of tobacco leaf to the chewing mixture is a relatively recent innovation, as tobacco was not introduced from the American continent until the colonial era. Habitual chewers of betel leaf and areca nut have a greatly increased risk of developing a range of serious diseases, including cancers of the mouth and esophagus. It has many systemic effects (see box). Chewing areca nut alone has been linked to oral submucosal fibrosis. According to Medline Plus, "Long-term use [of betel-areca preparations] has been associated with oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF), pre-cancerous oral lesions

pos: Areca nut Guinea and the Solomon Islands, where the inner areca nut is used, in Palau, the areca nut's skin is chewed along with lime, leaf and tobacco and the juice is not swallowed but spat out. In Taiwan, bags of 20 to 40 areca nuts are purchased fresh daily by a large number of consumers. To meet the steady year-round demand, two kinds of betel-nut shops sell betel and nuts, as well as cigarettes and drinks, including beer: Small mom and pop shops, often poorly maintained and with unassuming façades, and shops which will often consist of nothing more than a

pos: Paan people, still keep to the tradition. In Vietnam, the areca nut and the betel leaf are such important symbols of love and marriage that in Vietnamese the phrase "matters of betel and areca" ("chuyện trầu cau") is synonymous with marriage. Areca nut chewing starts the talk between the groom's parents and the bride's parents about the young couple's marriage. Therefore, the leaves and juices are used ceremonially in Vietnamese weddings. In Bangladesh, "paan" is chewed throughout the country by all classes and is an important element of Bangladeshi culture. It is the Bengali ‘chewing gum’, and usually for chewing, a

pos: Areca nut single, free-standing room, or booth. The latter is usually elevated one meter above the street, and measures less than 3 by 2 m. Large picture windows comprise two or more of the walls, allowing those who pass by a complete view of the interior. The interior is often painted brightly. Within such a shop, a sexily dressed young woman, a "betel nut beauty", can be seen preparing betel and areca nuts. Shops are often identified by multicoloured (commonly green) fluorescent tubes or neon lights that frame the windows or that are arranged radially above a store. Customers stop on the

pos: Paan few slices of the betel nut are wrapped in a betel leaf, almost always with sliced areca nuts and often with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), and may include cinnamon, clove, cardamom, catechu (khoyer), grated coconut and other spices for extra flavouring. As it is chewed, the peppery taste is savoured, along with the warm feeling and alertness it gives (similar to drinking a fresh cup of coffee). Paan-shupari (shupari being Bengali for areca nut) is a veritable Bangladeshi archetypal imagery, employed in wide-ranging contexts. Prior to British rule, it was chewed without tobacco and it is still rarely chewed with

pos: Betel to other parts of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas. Betel is grown and cultivated as an important crop in rural Bangladesh. The primary use of betel leaf is as a wrapper for the chewing of areca nut or tobacco where it is mainly used to add flavour. It may also be used in cooking, usually raw, for its peppery taste. Some reports may suggest that betel leaf by itself has adverse health effects, in part because of tannins delivered by the leaf and for reasons currently not fully understood. For example, one research paper studied chromosome damaging

neg: Japurá-Solimões-Negro moist forests terra firme forests growing on poor soil. These forests typically have a canopy, either open or closed with emergent trees up to . Common families of trees are Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Rubiaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae and Annonaceae. There are many palms in the understory and canopy of the different types of forest. In the terra firme areas the most common palms are "miriti" and "carana" in the Mauritia genus. Other terra firme trees include Brazil nut ("Bertholletia excelsa"), sucupira ("Bowdichia virgilioides") and rubber ("Hevea spruceana"). Trees in igapó forests along the Jaú River in the west include "Elvasia calophylla", "Swartzia laevicarpa", "Pouteria

neg: Betel nut beauty Betel nut beauty In Taiwan, a betel nut beauty or binglang girl () is a young woman selling betel nuts and cigarettes from a brightly lit glass enclosure while wearing revealing clothing. The term in Chinese names the women after Xi Shi, the legendary beauty of imperial China's Spring and Autumn period. Though betel nuts are chewed in many regions of the Asia-Pacific, the betel nut beauty phenomenon is distinctly Taiwanese. The original binglang girls were the "Shuangdong Girls" who, in the 1960s, brought glamour to the opening of the Shuangdong Betel Nut Stand in Guoxing Township, Nantou County. The

neg: Phytelephas Phytelephas Phytelephas is a genus containing six known species of palms (family Arecaceae), occurring from southern Panama along the Andes to Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, northwestern Brazil, and Peru. They are commonly known as ivory palms, ivory-nut palms or tagua palms; the scientific name "Phytelephas" means "plant elephant". This and the first two of the common names refer to the very hard white endosperm of their seeds (tagua nuts or jarina seeds), which resembles elephant ivory. They are medium-sized to tall palms reaching up to 20 m tall, with pinnate leaves. The "nut" is covered with pericarp, which gets removed by

neg: Betel nut beauty creation of "betel nut beauty" culture. Controversy surrounding betel nut beauties generally centers on two questions: Betel nut beauties often hail from agricultural and working-class sectors of Taiwanese society. This has led some critics to regard their revealing dress as a sign of exploitation. Other observers, such as Josephene Ho, coordinator of the Center for the Study of Sexuality at National Central University, see betel nut beauties as self-empowering: young women with few resources who better their economic situation by employing a marketing technique that requires confidence. In 2002, local governments in Taiwan started to impose laws or regulations covering

neg: Betel nut beauty the dress code of betel nut beauties, prohibiting the wearing of over-revealing clothes. Taipei city was the first to initiate the change. This was then followed by Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City) and metropolitan cities like Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. Some betel nut beauties are high school dropouts and their jobs represent the principal source of income for their families. Most have difficulty finding a job in a convenience store because they lack an educational qualification or because of age restriction; some choose to enter this profession for its higher pay. Betel nut beauty In Taiwan, a betel nut beauty

neg: Chen Hsi-huang for long-term disaster relief efforts resulting from the 1999 Jiji earthquake. He organized a disaster prevention center after a June 2000 aftershock, and worked to stop mudflows from causing further damage. Chen also ordered a six-year initiative to reduce the number of betel nut plantations in order to lessen the effects of soil erosion caused by betel nut trees. During his tenure as COA leader, Chen supported the work of rural credit cooperatives geared toward farmers and fishermen, and sought to lift restrictions on Chinese employees of Taiwanese fishermen. After Typhoon Toraji hit Taiwan in July 2001, Nantou County legislator

neg: Kola nut Kola nut The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus ("Cola") of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages, and is the origin of the term "cola". The kola nut is a caffeine-containing nut of evergreen trees of the genus "Cola", primarily of the species "Cola acuminata" and "Cola nitida". "Cola acuminata", an evergreen tree about 20 metres in height, has long, ovoid leaves pointed at both the ends with a leathery texture. The trees have yellow flowers with

neg: Betel chewing in Thailand maak is a betel kit, which consists of equipment essential for betel chewing. It comes in different shapes, sizes and material. In the past, it was a way of showing wealth and social class. Materials such as brass, silver, gold, and carved wood were popular among the rich, while peasants and common workers used baskets made from cheaper materials such as rattan. A full betel kit has the following equipment: The betel nut can go by different names such as betel Nut: ‘หมาก' (maak) or ‘หมากพลู' maak ploo. Maak is a Thai word, which traditionally meant fruit. Ten betel nuts

neg: Betel chewing in Thailand sections before solar drying, since betel nut can be very strong. After the betel nuts have dried, they are normally laced on a string (usually as long as 50 cm) and hung around the house to use as needed; this is a popular method because the dried betel nut can be stored longer. Additionally, other ingredients can be added such as Plai (Zingiber Cassamunar) or Tobacco. Before chewing on betel most Thais mix all the ingredients together. Many elders (with no or weak teeth) mix and pound all the ingredients to use without it being wrapped by betel leaf. Chian

neg: Lithocarpus was previously included in the genus "Lithocarpus" ("Lithocarpus densiflorus") but recent evidence, both genetic and morphological, suggests that the North American species is only distantly related to Asian stone oaks therefore tanbark-oak has been moved into a new genus, "Notholithocarpus", based on multiple lines of evidence. Lithocarpus trees are evergreen trees with leathery, alternate leaves, which may be either entire or toothed. The seed is a nut very similar to an oak acorn, but with a very hard, woody nut shell (hence the genus name, from Greek "lithos", stone, + "carpos", seed). The nut kernel is edible in some species

neg: Noakhali District spices, cash crops, pulses, betel leaves and others. Various fruits like mango, banana, jack fruit, coconut and betel nut etc. are grown. Fish of different varieties abound in this district which enjoys the advantages of marine fishing. Moreover, varieties of fish are caught from rivers, tributary channels and creeks and even from paddy field during rainy seasons. Fishes like ruhi, katla, mrigel, kala baush, koi, grass carp, silver carp, telapia, nilotica and different species of local deshi fishes have also been introduced for commercial pisciculture in ponds and waterlands. Some valuable timber and forest trees are grown in this district

neg: Indo-Jamaicans rice mill in the 1890s. Further, they dominated the island's vegetable production until the late 1940s. Indians introduced several trees and plants to the island, including coolie plum, mango, betel leaves, betel nut, jackfruit and tamarind. Alongside Hinduism and Sufi Islam, ganja was introduced to Jamaica from India, and smoking it is a spiritual tradition that Rastafarians have adopted as a central tenet of their way of life. In the past, every plantation in each parish celebrated Hosay. Today it has been rebranded an Indian carnival and is most well known in Clarendon, where it is celebrated each August. Diwali,

neg: William Burgess Pryer task, but with the arrival of other officials increasingly led to conflicts. On 10 December 1883, Pryer married Ada Blanche Locke and began to retire from the administration post. After his retirement, he purchased the Bai Island in Sandakan Bay, planting coconuts, coffee and betel nut palms and ran cattle. At Beatrice Estate, which is another plantation near Elopura, Pryer experimented with the cultivation of new products. He completely failed from the cultivation of tobacco starting in 1892, but rather predicted a decade before the natural rubber boom that the rubber tree was the ideal working plant for the indigenous

neg: Datong, Yilan Ratō District, Taihoku Prefecture during Japanese rule. Economic activities include trucking silt from the Lanyang River for use in cement production and cultivation of tea, cabbage and betel nut palms. Datong, Yilan Datong Township () is a mountain indigenous township in the southwestern part of Yilan County, Taiwan. It is the second largest township in Yilan County after Nan-ao Township. It is predominantly populated by Taiwanese aborigines of the Atayal Tribe. The township is dominated by rugged mountains and wide river valleys. Most settlements in the county are located along the Lanyang River valley which runs from the central mountains

neg: Lonari bridegroom. Twenty-seven heaps of rice corresponding to the twenty-seven stars are prepared. Over each heap a betel nut and a pice is placed. Red and turmeric powders are offered to these heaps, and a small girl is asked to pick up a betel nut. From the number of the betel nut, the bridegroom’s star is marked. Similarly, the bride’s star is marked, and then the astrologer decides whether the proposed match will be happy and prosperous. The principal ceremonies are Kunku-lavne or Betrothal, Lagna-chithi or fixing the date of marriage, turmeric rubbing, Devkarya or the ceremony of enshrining the marriage

neg: Betel nut beauty sense, betel nut beauty refers to any female "pinang" (betel nut) saleswoman wearing seductive clothing. Flamboyant pinang kiosks decorated with flashing neon lights are a common sight on the north-south highway in the west of Taiwan and on its suburban roads. The primary targeted customers are lorry drivers who use pinang to keep from dozing off in long-distance driving. Some shop owners started to hire girls dressed in sexy outfits to grab customers' attention in this highly profitable competition. Rivals followed suit. As the level of competition got higher, fewer clothes were worn by the female vendors. Apart from being

neg: Majapahit do not use a spoon or chopsticks. Men and women enjoy chewing betel nut mixed with, betel leaves, and white chalk made from ground mussels shells. They eat rice for meal, first they took a scoop of water and soak betel in their mouth, then wash their hands and sit down to make a circle; getting a plate of rice soaked in butter (probably coconut milk) and gravy, and eat using hands to lift the rice and put it in their mouth. When receiving guests, they will offer the guests, not the tea, but with betel nut. The population consisted

neg: Nabakalebara 2015 them permission by offering them betel nut, in the presence of his Rajaguru or chief priest. The team of daityas, led by their leader walk barefoot about 50 km and halt at Deuli Matha on the first day and then proceed to the Kakatpur Mangala Temple to offer prayers. Four daityas (senior servitors) sleep in front of the goddess seeking divine guidance on the location of the neem trees. The servitors then proceed in search of the neem trees appropriate for each of the deities in accordance with the prescribed signs, size, and locations. After selection of the trees they

neg: Esan people Esan people The Esan people (Esan: "Ẹ̀bhò Ẹ̀sán") are an ethnic group of south Nigeria who speak the Esan language. The Esan are traditionally agriculturalists, trado-medical practitioners, mercenary warriors and hunters. They cultivate palm trees, Irvingia gabonensis (erhonhiele), Cherry (Otien), bell pepper (akoh) coconut, betel nut, kola nut, black pear, avocado pear, yams, cocoyam, cassava, maize, rice, beans, groundnut, bananas, oranges, plantains, sugar cane, tomato, potato, okra, pineapple, paw paw, and various vegetables. The modern Esan nation is believed to have been organized during the 15th century, when citizens, mostly nobles and princes, left the neighbouring Benin Empire for the

neg: Tobruk Memorial Baths recreation venues in Townsville. As early as 1866, Townsville's more affluent residents were constructing homes along the beachfront, and by 1872, three hotels had been erected opposite the present Anzac Memorial Park. The Strand was unformed at this time, being little more than a track along the foreshore, and there were no shade trees, but the beach was popular with bathers (mainly male) from at least the late 1870s. In 1881 the town council planted 30 cedar trees along the foreshore, and added cocoa and betel nut trees in early 1882. In 1883, following strong public demand, a road was

neg: Macadamia in captivity. These large parrots are one of the few animals, aside from humans, capable of cracking the shell and removing the seed. Macadamia Macadamia is a genus of four species of trees indigenous to Australia, and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. They are native to north eastern New South Wales and central and south eastern Queensland. Three species of the genus are commercially important for their fruit, the macadamia nut (or simply "macadamia"), with a total global production of in 2015. Other names include Queensland nut, bush nut, maroochi nut, bauple nut, and Hawaii nut. In Australian

neg: Macadamia Macadamia Macadamia is a genus of four species of trees indigenous to Australia, and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. They are native to north eastern New South Wales and central and south eastern Queensland. Three species of the genus are commercially important for their fruit, the macadamia nut (or simply "macadamia"), with a total global production of in 2015. Other names include Queensland nut, bush nut, maroochi nut, bauple nut, and Hawaii nut. In Australian Aboriginal languages, the fruit is known by names such as "bauple", "gyndl", "jindilli", and "boombera". The German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the

neg: Golden Bull Mountain Ridge Park There are more than 140 families of trees and over 1,000 species. Dozens of individual forest areas exist, each predominantly containing one or two types of trees. There is also a pineapple and betel nut plantation, and a 3.5 hectare orchard containing sapodilla (in particular "Manilkara zapota"), lychee, carambola, and other fruit trees. Within this area is a 2.3 hectare jackfruit orchard. There is also a large plant nursery. The total green coverage of the land area of the park is over 96%. White pigeons are found in the area at the top of the park. Toads are commonly seen

neg: Anzac Memorial Park, Townsville In 1881 the town council planted 30 cedar trees along the foreshore, and added cocoa and betel nut trees in early 1882. In 1883, following strong public demand, a road was made along the beach front to Kissing Point. By 1889, The Strand, between King Street and Kissing Point, made a glorious promenade on a moonlight night when the breeze blew straight and cool from Magnetic Island. Photographs of The Strand in 1888 show banyan trees several years old, as well as more recent plantings, and a reserve for public baths (opposite the then quarry site on The Strand) was

neg: Bactris Bactris Bactris is a genus of spiny palms which is native to the Mexico, South and Central America and the Caribbean. Most species are small trees about tall, but some are large trees while others are shrubs with subterranean stems. They have simple or pinnately compound leaves and yellow, orange, red or purple-black fruit. The genus is most closely related to several other spiny palms—"Acrocomia", "Aiphanes", "Astrocaryum" and "Desmoncus". The fruit of several species is edible, most notably "B. gasipaes", while others are used medicinally or for construction. The ancestors of the genus are believed to have entered South America

neg: Phytelephas the inside of the nut will have a small cavity in the center until it is cut into. Therefore, when carving, it is common to either incorporate the hole or cavity into carvings or not carve deep enough to reach a potential cavity. In their native range, these palms are also used as a source of food and construction wood. The following species are recognized: Phytelephas Phytelephas is a genus containing six known species of palms (family Arecaceae), occurring from southern Panama along the Andes to Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, northwestern Brazil, and Peru. They are commonly known as ivory palms,

neg: Culture of Guam stones are stone pillars built integral to every house on the Guam island and also in all other Marianas islands. The latte stone houses built length wise were narrow with a rising roof with long rafters. The rafters were extended to the ground level and buried in the ground as a protection against cyclonic winds. Hardwood (of "ifil" or seeded breadfruit trees or "palo maria") formed the main framework of the houses with woven palm leaves covering the sides. The flooring was made of wood from betel nut trees or of split bamboo. Usually the kitchen was made as a

neg: Jaintiapur Upazila betel nut. Natural Gas, pebble, limestone, tea, bay leaf, betel leaf, betel nut. Jaintiapur Rajbari, Jaintapur Hill Resort, Sreepur Tea Garden, Lalakhal Tea Garden, Saytreast Research Centers, 8 No Mountain, Haripur Utlar Hill, Haripur Black Mountain, Lalakhal Tea Estate, Nazimgarh Wilderness Resorts, Lalakhal, Shari-Goyain River ( The only blue water river of Bangladesh ), File: Jaflong valley school. Jaintiapur has Unions, 1. Nizpat 2. Jaintapur 3. Dorbost 4. Charikata 5. Horipur 6. Chicknagool(first digital union) 160 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 173 villages. Chairman : Mohammad Joynal Abedin Women Vice Chairman : Joymoti Rani Vice Chairman : Bosir Ahmed Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO):

neg: Palm-nut vulture Palm-nut vulture The palm-nut vulture ("Gypohierax angolensis") or vulturine fish eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae (which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers, vultures, and eagles). It is the only member of the genus "Gypohierax". This bird is an Old World vulture (only distantly related to the New World vultures, which are in a separate family, the Cathartidae). It breeds in forest and savannah across sub-Saharan Africa, usually near water, its range coinciding with that of the oil and Raphia palms. It is quite approachable, like many African vultures,

neg: Phraya Phichai instructor named "Thiang" (th: เที่ยง) at Wat Ban Kaeng (th: วัดบ้านแก่ง). Chai then became a beloved student of Instructor Thiang and renamed as Thong Di (th: ทองดี), his instructor called him as "Master Thong Di Fan Khao" (th: ทองดีฟันขาว; means: Thong Di whose teeth are white) as he did not chew betel nut. The Thai people loved chewing betel nut, which made their teeth black, since the ancient time until the Government under the premiership of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram issued ban on chewing the nut in 1942. One day, Phraya Tak (later to become King Taksin the great of

neg: Bactris "B. campestris", "B. concinna" and "B. major". "Bactris acanthophora" and "B. campestris" are used medicinally, while "B. barronis", "B. pilosa" and "B. setulosa" are used in construction. Bactris Bactris is a genus of spiny palms which is native to the Mexico, South and Central America and the Caribbean. Most species are small trees about tall, but some are large trees while others are shrubs with subterranean stems. They have simple or pinnately compound leaves and yellow, orange, red or purple-black fruit. The genus is most closely related to several other spiny palms—"Acrocomia", "Aiphanes", "Astrocaryum" and "Desmoncus". The fruit of several

neg: Penang National Park the most unusual assemblage of biodiversity in Malaysia. Secondary forest is the main feature here. The beach is long, and plants are numerous, including rocky bonsai to timber and herbal plants. Trees and plants which can be found here include chengal, meranti seraya, jelutong, gaharu, tongkat ali, and bintangor. The coast is dominated by disturbed secondary forest and hardy plants, such as screw pines. The red paper-like bark of the pelawan trees are abundant; undergrowth and ferns spread between the trees. Other noticeable trees planted include casuarina trees, sea almond, cashew nut, and swaying coconut palms. Several mangrove trees are

neg: Gardening ancient Egyptians used gardens for providing shade. Egyptians associated trees and gardens with gods, believing that their deities were pleased by gardens. Gardens in ancient Egypt were often surrounded by walls with trees planted in rows. Among the most popular species planted were date palms, sycamores, fir trees, nut trees, and willows. These gardens were a sign of higher socioeconomic status. In addition, wealthy ancient Egyptians grew vineyards, as wine was a sign of the higher social classes. Roses, poppies, daisies and irises could all also be found in the gardens of the Egyptians. Assyria was also renowned for its

neg: Copernicia Copernicia Copernicia is a genus of palms, native to South America and the Greater Antilles. Of the known species and nothospecies (hybrids), 22 of the 27 are endemic to Cuba. They are fan palms (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The species are small to medium-sized trees growing to 5–30 m tall, typically occurring close to streams and rivers in savanna habitats.Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The genus is named after the

neg: Dictyocaryum Dictyocaryum Dictyocaryum is a monoecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in South America. It is closely related to the genus "Iriartea"; they are commonly called araque or palma real. As many as eleven species have been described but this number is reduced to three in most current accounts. The genus name translates from two Greek words meaning "net" and "nut", describing the thick network of raphe fibers around the seed. "Dictocaryum" palms are usually solitary in nature though "D. ptarianum" will occasionally cluster in habitat. All three plants have conical masses of stilt roots at the

neg: Cola (plant) Cola (plant) Cola is a genus of trees native to the tropical forests of Africa, classified in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae (or treated in the separate family Sterculiaceae). Species in this genus are sometimes referred to as kola tree or kola nut for the caffeine-containing fruit produced by the trees that is often used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages. The genus is related to the South American genus "Theobroma", or cocoa. They are evergreen trees, growing up to 20 m tall (about 60 feet), with glossy ovoid leaves up to 30 cm long and star-shaped fruit. "Cola" is

neg: Burton (nut) Burton (nut) 'Burton' is a cultivar of hican (nut or tree), a cross between hickory and pecan, species of the genus "Carya". The Burton is an edible nut of the hicans; it is considered a shagbark (smaller nuts, higher yielding). Hicans can be both edible or inedible, if the nut is larger but the tree produces far less than a shagbark they are considered shellbarks. A seedling from 'Burton' is commonly called a 'Dooley Burton' it is also an edible hican nut. Burton and Dooley Burton nuts have a unique, yet very pleasing hickory flavor indicative to hickory trees. Of

neg: Aiphanes concept of the genus. "Aiphanes" is most closely related to several other genera of spiny palms—"Acrocomia", "Astrocaryum", "Bactris" and "Desmoncus". Two species are widely planted as ornamentals and the fruit, seeds or palm heart of several species have been eaten by indigenous peoples of the Americas for millennia. "Aiphanes" is a genus of spiny palms ranging from tall subcanopy trees to small shrubs with subterranean stems growing in the forest understorey. Its name combines the Ancient Greek "ai", meaning "always", with "phaneros", meaning "evident", "visible" or "conspicuous". In their 1996 monograph on the genus, botanists Finn Borchsenius and Rodrigo Bernal

neg: Hicksbeachia Hicksbeachia Hicksbeachia is a genus of two species of trees in the family Proteaceae. They are native to rainforests of northern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland. They are commonly known as red bopple nut or beef nut due to the bright red colour of their fruits. Ferdinand von Mueller named the genus in 1883 in honour of Michael Hicks Beach who had been Secretary of State for the Colonies. Mueller named several genera, including "Buckinghamia", "Cardwellia", "Carnarvonia" and "Hollandaea", after Colonial Secretaries of the time. He described the type species "Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia" at the time. The genus was considered

neg: Attalea (plant) Attalea (plant) Attalea is a large genus of palms native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. This pinnately leaved, nonspiny genus includes both small palms lacking an aboveground stem and large trees. The genus has a complicated taxonomic history, and has often been split into four or five genera based on differences in the male flowers. Since the genera can only be distinguished on the basis of their male flowers, the existence of intermediate flower types and the existence of hybrids between different genera has been used as an argument for keeping them all in the same

neg: Catalepidia Catalepidia Catalepidia is a genus of a sole described species of medium-sized trees, constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. The species Catalepidia heyana grows naturally only in a restricted mountain region (endemic) of the wet tropics rain forests of north-eastern Queensland, Australia. Common names include Hey's nut or Hey's nut oak. The species was formally scientifically described by Frederick Manson Bailey in 1901 based on plant material collected from Palm Camp at Mount Bellenden Ker. Bailey placed the new species in the genus "Helicia", and named it "Helicia heyana". In 1955 the species was transferred to the genus "Macadamia"

neg: Attalea (plant) important economically. Products extracted from "A. speciosa" were reported to support over 300,000 households in the Brazilian state of Maranhão in 2005, and in 1985 it was estimated to support over 450,000 households throughout the Brazil. Piassava fibres, extracted from the leaf bases of "A. funifera", are commercially important, and generated about US$20 million in annual income to Brazilian farmers in 1996. Attalea (plant) Attalea is a large genus of palms native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. This pinnately leaved, nonspiny genus includes both small palms lacking an aboveground stem and large trees. The genus has

neg: Kola nut the funeral, breaking kola nuts, we sit and reminisce about the past." The kola nut is mentioned in the At the Drive-In song "Enfilade" on the album "Relationship of Command". The kola nut is repeatedly mentioned in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novel "Half of a Yellow Sun," which also features the phrase: "He who brings the Kola nut brings life." Kola nut The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus ("Cola") of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages, and

neg: Trobriand Islands another and eating rapidly for fear of being observed." However, it is perfectly acceptable to chew betel nuts, particularly when mixed with some pepper plant and slaked lime to make the nut less bitter. The betel nut acts as a stimulant and is commonly used by Trobrianders, causing their teeth to often appear red. Because in the past food was often scarce, to boast of having food is one of the Trobriand Islanders' chief glories and ambitions . Though food is most important, and the subject of food is most discussed, at Miamala, the annual time of harvest and feasting,

neg: Grand National Treasure are considered to be the highest honor given to recipients. They include items such as swords, daggers, long handled swords, lances and guns. 5. Royal Paraphernalia Set The Royal Paraphernalia Set is made up of personal utensils of the monarch for daily use which were bestowed on members of the royal family, courtiers and officials, both male and female. The Royal Paraphernalia Set includes items such as betel nut tray sets, betel nut boxes, spittoons, cylindrical kettles and water pitchers. 6. Umbrellas of state, sunshades, fans and flags These items were presented for use as symbols of the recipient’s rank

neg: Draco dussumieri ancestor of the species within the genus. One study failed to locate the appropriate mitochondrial sequence for comparison with other species. This species is found principally along the Western Ghats and associated hill forests of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa in southern India. It is also reported from some parts of Eastern Ghats (Talakona) in Andhra Pradesh Nelson Annandale recorded it as "common about ten miles north of Trivandrum, but apparently very local." It is often found in coconut and betel-nut plantations near forests. The southern flying lizard feeds on insects. They are strictly diurnal and sleep at night on

neg: The Astana, Sarawak is said to have cultivated betel nut in a small plantation behind the Astana, so that he could offer fresh betel nut to visiting Dayak chiefs. The residence was originally three separate buildings, with each connected to the other by short and narrow passageways. In 1883, a clock tower was added at the front of the palace in memory of Charles Brooke, who was the first resident. The Astana has since undergone major renovations and alterations befitting it as the official residence of the Governor of Sarawak. The Astana, Sarawak The Astana is a palace in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, on

neg: Gending Sriwijaya containers traditionally used as spit container after the guests chew the betel nut. Today, however, the honored guest is not required to actually chew and spit out the betel nut, just the simple gesture of receiving or touching the "tepak" or "pekinangan" props would be enough. The "Sekapur Sirih" ceremony originally was only performed by king’s daughter, the princess of Srivijaya, accompanied by other princesses, noble young women, and "dayang" (ladies in waiting). Gending Sriwijaya Gending Sriwijaya is the name of a song and a traditional dance from Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. This song is sung or played during the

neg: Help Me Eros another gift and the man attempts to drive off with her. She is dragged along the road for a few feet before she finally falls back to the street and the car speeds off. The other girls take her inside to console her and Jie brings her some of his marijuana, which he then shares with all of the betel nut girls. This scene implies that his plants produce a powerful sexually intoxicating effect. Jie ends up on the roof of the apartment building in a languid threesome with two betel nut girls. Brand logos are projected across their entangled

neg: Na Tuk Kong of which started out as much smaller shrines. Offerings are usually placed at the altar or shrine once in the evening, at sunrise and later at sundown. The basic offerings are a pair of white candles, three joss sticks and burning gum Benjamin "(kemenyan)". Datuk worshippers prepare special offerings for the Na Tuk on Thursday evenings. A set of betel nut leaves complete with lime "(kapur)", sliced betel nut "(pinang)", Javanese tobacco "(tembakau Jawa)," and palm cigarette leaves "(rokok daun)", are offered together with fruits and the basic offerings. Every Datuk is an individual and therefore his birthday is celebrated

neg: Longgu language tops in general, not a specific group that the speaker had in mind. ""Only I should go with his grandparents, hoeing our taro tops"" The 3rd person plural inanimate suffix -i cross references dual, paucal, or plural inanimate objects which are highly individuated. In example 17, the head noun is quantified, and food objects are also cross-referenced by the 3rd person plural inanimate suffix. ""(it was) two sticks of pudding, two betel nut fruits, two leaves of betel nut leaf, they gave (them)"" Possession in grammar is a construction which expresses a relationship between a possessor and a possessum [what

neg: Wildlife of Benin both parks, which are carion-eating birds. A common sight is the African fish eagle "(Haliaeetus vocifer)" species, which is black and white in colour. Insect species found in Benin include the tsetse fly and many vectors of epidemic diseases. Dense forests are not recorded in Benin. Along the coastal areas coconut, palmyra palms, oil palms are seen up to Abomey, where after vegetation is savanna merged with that of Guinea and Sudan. Other tree species noted are ebony, shea nut, kapok, fromager, and Senegal mahogany trees. The W National Park constitutes the southern limit of tiger bush plateau distribution. Riverine