query: who wrote the ecclesiastical history of the english nation

pos: Ecclesiastical History of the English People Ecclesiastical History of the English People The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (), written by the Venerable Bede in about AD 731, is a history of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is on the conflict between the pre-Schism Roman Rite and Celtic Christianity. It was originally composed in Latin, and is considered one of the most important original references on Anglo-Saxon history and has played a key role in the development of an English national identity. It is believed to have been completed in 731 when Bede was approximately 59 years old.

pos: English nationalism the re-establishment of an independent sovereign state of England outside of the United Kingdom. The history of English nationalism is a contested area of scholarship. The historian Adrian Hastings has written that: "One can find historians to date 'the dawn of English national consciousness' (or some such phrase) in almost every century from the eighth to the nineteenth". Patrick Wormald has claimed that England was a nation by the time of the Venerable Bede, who wrote the "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" ("Ecclesiastical History of the English People") around 730. Wormald attributes Bede with a decisive "role in defining English national

pos: Ecclesiastical History of the English People edition was that of Charles Plummer, whose 1896 "Venerabilis Bedae Opera Historica", with a full commentary, has been a foundation-stone for all subsequent scholarship. Ecclesiastical History of the English People The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (), written by the Venerable Bede in about AD 731, is a history of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is on the conflict between the pre-Schism Roman Rite and Celtic Christianity. It was originally composed in Latin, and is considered one of the most important original references on Anglo-Saxon history and has played a key role

pos: Michael Maclagan the fields of genealogy, heraldry and bibliography); he was more concerned with arcane detail, for which he had a remarkable memory, than with grand narrative; and he tended to pursue topics and projects which appealed to him, rather than those which might advance his career. All this meant that he published less than he might have done. He was a proficient linguist, fluent in Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian and Serbo-Croat, and with some knowledge of Arabic. His first book, in 1949, was a translation of part of the Venerable Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation". Many of his

pos: History of education in the formation of Insular art, a unique style combining Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, Byzantine and other elements. After the Synod of Whitby in 664 AD, Roman church practices officially replaced the Celtic ones but the influence of the Anglo-Celtic style continued, the most famous examples of this being the Lindisfarne Gospels. The Venerable Bede (673-735) wrote his "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" (Ecclesiastical History of the English People, completed in 731) in a Northumbrian monastery, and much of it focuses on the kingdom. During the reign of Charlemagne, King of the Franks from 768 – 814 AD, whose empire united most of

pos: Dickleburgh The Village Society, The Luncheon club and Sports, Social Club & Bowls club that plays in 3 local leagues. The village is home to Bob Flowerdew. The village name derives from an Irish monk by the name of Dicul who had a brief settlement ("burgh") in the area in the late 6th century, nothing of which survives today. Although unconfirmed, this may be the same Dicul monk quoted by the Venerable Bede (673-735) in his "Ecclesiastical History of the Anglian Nation". He tells the story of the conversion of the South Saxons and mentions the Irish monk, Dicul, who had

pos: Anno Domini in the time of Dionysius. The Anglo-Saxon historian the Venerable Bede, who was familiar with the work of Dionysius Exiguus, used "Anno Domini" dating in his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", completed in 731. In this same history, he also used another Latin term, "ante vero incarnationis dominicae tempus anno sexagesimo" ("in fact in the 60th year before the time of the Lord's incarnation"), equivalent to the English "before Christ", to identify years before the first year of this era. Both Dionysius and Bede regarded "Anno Domini" as beginning at the incarnation of Jesus, but "the distinction between Incarnation

neg: English nationalism identity and English national destiny". Bede uses the label "English" to describe the Germanic peoples who inhabited Britain: Angles, Saxons and Jutes and excludes Britons, Scots and Picts. In the final paragraph to the preface of the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" Bede departs from the usual word ""gens"" and instead uses the word ""natio"" to describe the ""historia nostrae nationis"": the history of our own nation. This is the first verbal appearance of the English nation. The Anglo-Saxon poem "The Battle of Maldon" described the said battle between the Anglo-Saxon forces of Ethelred the Unready against a Viking

neg: Historiography updated in 1154. Some writers in the period did construct a more narrative form of history. These included Gregory of Tours and more successfully Bede, who wrote both secular and ecclesiastical history and who is known for writing the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". During the Renaissance, history was written about states or nations. The study of history changed during the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Voltaire described the history of certain ages that he considered important, rather than describing events in chronological order. History became an independent discipline. It was not called "philosophia historiae" anymore, but merely history ("historia"). Muslim

neg: Philip Nye eventual ecclesiastical settlement under the Protectorate followed closely proposals from 1652, outlined by Nye with John Owen and others. Nye co-wrote and promoted the Solemn League and Covenant. Nye along with Stephen Marshall "were sent with the commissioners who went from the English Parliament into Scotland, in order to obtain and establish an agreement with the Scottish nation, and to desire their assistance." In 1647, he was one of the preachers who went from the Parliament to King Charles I on the isle of Wight, in order to save his soul and build a political settlement. Samuel Butler wrote the

neg: Yeavering Hope-Taylor's team identified these burials as having undergone five separate phases, indicating that it had been used for a relatively long time. One of the best sources of information that contemporary historians have about the Anglo-Saxon period of English history are the records made by an Anglo-Saxon monk named Bede (672/673-735) who lived at the monastery in Jarrow. Considered to be "the Father of English History", Bede wrote a number of texts dealing with the Anglo-Saxon migration and conversion, most notable the "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" ("Ecclesiastical History of the English People"), completed circa 731 and divided up into various

neg: Cædmon both roughly contemporary biographical information and examples of literary output have survived. His story is related in the "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" ("Ecclesiastical History of the English People") by Bede who wrote, "[t]here was in the Monastery of this Abbess a certain brother particularly remarkable for the Grace of God, who was wont to make religious verses, so that whatever was interpreted to him out of scripture, he soon after put the same into poetical expressions of much sweetness and humility in Old English, which was his native language. By his verse the minds of many were often excited to

neg: Bosham the Early Middle Ages is ecclesiastical. Bede mentions Bosham in his book "The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation", speaking of Wilfrid's visit here in 681 when he encountered a Celtic monk, Dicul, and five disciples in a small monastery. The village is one of only five places that appear on the map attached to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" of around this time. In 850, the original village church was built possibly on the site of a Roman building, and in the tenth century was replaced with Holy Trinity Church, situated beside Bosham Quay, that still serves as the local place

neg: Cædmon's Hymn today in at least 19 verified manuscript copies. The poem has passed down from a Latin translation by Bede in his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". It forms a prominent landmark and reference point for the study of Old English prosody, for the early influence which Christianity had on the poems and songs of the Anglo-Saxon people after their conversion. Bede wrote about the poet and his work in his "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum", book 4, chapter 24. According to Bede, Cædmon was an illiterate cow-herder "who was actually employed by the monastery of Whitby" and who miraculously was

neg: Old English literature In the process, some original content was interweaved through the translations. Other important Old English translations include: "Historiae adversum paganos" by Orosius, a companion piece for St. Augustine's "The City of God"; the "Dialogues" of Gregory the Great; and Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". Ælfric of Eynsham, who wrote in the late 10th and early 11th century, is believed to have been a pupil of Æthelwold. He was the greatest and most prolific writer of Anglo-Saxon sermons, which were copied and adapted for use well into the 13th century. In the translation of the first six books of

neg: Brett Usher Brett Usher Brett Usher (10 December 1946– 13 June 2013) was an English actor, writer and ecclesiastical historian. Although he appeared frequently on stage and television, it was as a radio actor that he came to be best known. His many radio roles ranged widely, from farce to Shakespeare and new works. In addition to acting he also wrote for radio. As an historian Usher specialised in English ecclesiastical history of the 16th and 17th centuries, with particular focus on the Puritans. The first part of his study of church and state politics of Elizabeth I's reign, "William Cecil and

neg: History of English "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" relates that around the year 449 Vortigern, king of the Britons, invited the "Angle kin" (Angles allegedly led by the Germanic brothers Hengist and Horsa) to help repel invading Picts, in return for lands in the southeast of Britain. This led to waves of settlers who eventually established seven kingdoms, known as the heptarchy. (The "Chronicle" was not a contemporaneous work, however, and cannot be regarded as an accurate record of such early events.) Bede, who wrote his "Ecclesiastical History" in AD 731, writes of invasion by Angles, Saxons and Jutes, although the precise nature of the invasion

neg: King Arthur absent from Bede's early-8th-century "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", another major early source for post-Roman history that mentions Badon. The historian David Dumville wrote: "I think we can dispose of him [Arthur] quite briefly. He owes his place in our history books to a 'no smoke without fire' school of thought ... The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books." Some scholars argue that Arthur was originally a fictional hero of folklore—or even a half-forgotten Celtic deity—who

neg: Augustin Barruel Polish, and English. The English version went through several editions and did much to strengthen the British nation in its opposition to French revolutionary principles. While in London, Barruel published an English work, "A Dissertation on Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in the Catholic Church." But none of his works attracted so much attention as his "Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism." His basic idea was that of a conspiracy with the aim of overthrowing Christianity—or more to the point, any and all forms of political and social organization based on conformity to the moral teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Barruel's conspiracy

neg: St Augustine's Cross in 597. Bede wrote in his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" that "Over against the eastern districts of Kent there is a large island called Thanet which, in English reckoning, is 600 hides or families in extent. It is divided from the mainland by the river Wantsum, which is about three furlongs wide, can be crossed in two places only, and joins the sea at either end. Here Augustine, the servant of the Lord, landed with his companions, who are said to have been nearly forty in number. They had acquired interpreters from the Frankish race according to the

neg: Suppression of monasteries about a third of all parish benefices, and disposed of about half of all ecclesiastical income. The dissolution still represents the largest legally enforced transfer of property in English history since the Norman Conquest. In an attempt to address the financial crisis, the Assembly declared, on 2 November 1789, that the property of the Church was “at the disposal of the nation.” They used this property to back a new currency, the assignats. The nation had now thus also taken on the responsibility of the Church, which included paying the clergy, caring for the poor, the sick and the orphaned.

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church Beneventum to 889. Paulus wrote also a history of the bishops of Metz ("Gesta episcoporum Mettensium", ad. in "Mon. Germ. Hist: Script.", II) and other historical works. The Scandinavian North found its ecclesiastical historian in Adam of Bremen; he covers the period between 788 and 1072, and his work is of special importance for the history of the Diocese of Hamburg-Bremen. Flodoard (died 966) wrote the history of the Archdiocese of Reims (Historia ecclesiæ Remensis) to 948, a very important source for the history of the Church of France to that time. The ecclesiastical history of Northern Germany was described

neg: Ecclesiastical History of the English People that he wrote the work as an instruction for rulers, in order that "the thoughtful listener is spurred on to imitate the good". It also was no part of Bede's purpose to describe the kings who did not convert to Christianity in the "Historia". In 725 Bede wrote "The Reckoning of Time" (De Temporum Ratione), using something similar to the "anno Domini" era (BC/AD dating system) created by the monk Dionysius Exiguus in 525, continuing to use it throughout "Historia Ecclesiastica", becoming very influential in causing that era to be adopted thereafter in Western Europe. Specifically, he used "anno ab

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church a multitude of English works. A brief Catholic general account of the history of the Church in Scotland is that of T. Walsh, "History of the Catholic Church in Scotland" (1876). That of Alphons Bellesheim has a full bibliography, translated into English by Dom Hunter-Blair, "History of the Catholic Church in Scotland" (4 vols., London, 1887, sqq.). A non-Catholic work is Calderwood's "History of the Kirk" (8 vols., Edinburgh, 1842). The first major Catholic work on the general ecclesiastical history of Ireland was that of Lanigan, "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland" (4 vols., 2nd ed., Dublin, 1829), reaching only to the

neg: Nathaniel Isaacs wrote ""The differences between Maclean's and Isaacs' accounts [of Shaka's brutality] are so glaring that one is forced to ask which of the two is plain lying."" Nathaniel Isaacs Nathaniel Isaacs (1808–1872) was an English adventurer who played a part in the history of Natal, South Africa. He wrote a book spread over two volumes (whose accuracy is now disputed) called "Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa". This book subsequently became one of the principal sources quoted by writers of the history of Natal including Morris ("The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation"), Ritter

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church the work was translated into Italian and German), and to the Oratorian Cabassut for "Historia ecclesiastica" (Lyons, 1685). Although the Jesuit Louis Maimbourg did not write a continuous ecclesiastical history, he published numerous treatises (Paris, 1673–83): on Arianism, Iconoclasm, the Greek Schism, struggle between the popes and the emperors, Western Schism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. Among the major ecclesiastical historians of this period are: Noël Alexandre (Natalis Alexander) a Dominican; Claude Fleury, who wrote a "Histoire ecclésiastique" in 20 volumes, reaching to 1414 (Paris, 1691–1720) as a moderate Gallican; and Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont. To these must be added Bossuet,

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church who treated the first three centuries (2 vols., Milan, 1758), and Giuseppe Zola, who treats the same period in his "Commentarium de rebus ecclesiasticis" (3 vols., Pavia, 1780-), and who also wrote "Prolegomena comment. de rebus eccl." (3 vols., Pavia, 1779). In Spain, the Augustinian Enrique Flórez began at this period a monumental work on the ecclesiastical history of Spain, "España sagrada", which at the death of the author in 1773 had reached its twenty-ninth volume. Manuel Risco continued it to the forty-second volume, and, since his death, it has been carried still nearer to completion, the fifty-first volume appearing

neg: Mary Basset English translation of the "Ecclesiastical History" by Eusebius, now surviving in a single manuscript in the British Library, Harley MS 1860, along with her translation of its first book into Latin. Her work is based on the edition published by Robert Estienne in 1544; her learnedness is reflected in her comments on the text's inaccuracies. In 1560 Mary also translated Thomas More's "De tristitia Christi" into English. Nicholas Harpsfield wrote that she had also translated the "History of Socrates", Theodoretus, Sozomenus, and Evagrius, but no copies of these are known. Her translations are characterized by the same engagement in contemporary

neg: Ætherius with a letter reproduced by Gregory of Tours, Ether of Lyon being the first signatory. In 591, King Gontran sent to Paris several bishops of his kingdom (Éthère de Lyon, Syagre d'Autun, Flavius de Chalon), and followed them there shortly after. On the 23rd of July, 597, the pope wrote to Ethere to recommend to him the monk Augustine and his companions, whom he sent to evangelize England. Bede the Venerable, who reproduces this letter (Ecclesiastical History of the English People, I, 24), makes a mistake, because he entitled Éthère "Archbishop of Arles" 12. After a first stay in Kent,

neg: Sozomen first time. But this manuscript was written by various hands and at various times and therefore is not equally authoritative in all its parts. There is an excellent English translation by Chester David Hartranft, with a learned though somewhat diffuse introduction, in the "Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers", II (published New York, 1890). (This text is available on-line at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.) On ethnic identity and ecclesiastical politics in Sozomen, see: The English translation of the "Ecclesiastical History" by Chester D. Hartranft is available online: The English translation of the "Ecclesiastical History" by Edward Walford as originally published in

neg: Wolstan Dixie plan was implemented by the second Sir Wolstan Dixie, his grand-nephew, Sheriff of Leicester. The fund for many years supported fellows and scholars, while the surplus was employed in purchasing livings. It was then from 1878 devoted to the foundation of a chair in ecclesiastical history. The Dixie Professorship of Ecclesiastical History is now one of the senior professorships in history at the University of Cambridge. Wolstan Dixie Sir Wolstan Dixie, (1524 or 1525 – 1594) was an English merchant and administrator, and Lord Mayor of London in 1585. He was the son of Thomas Dixie and Anne Jephson, who

neg: Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey Hwaetberht. The library Benedict had created on his travels to Rome and then given to the monastery made it the cradle not only of English art but of English literature. Jarrow is where Bede had his early education under Ceolfrith's patronage and lived, wrote and died as a monk. By his death Bede had established himself as England's leading scriptural and historical authority. After his death Bede had a vital influence on the fortunes of the monastery. His writings, most importantly his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, became so popular in the 8th century that they not only assured

neg: Wilfred Knox Wilfred Knox Wilfred Lawrence Knox (1886–1950) was an English Anglican priest and theologian, one of four brothers who distinguished themselves. After leaving Oxford with a first-class honours degree in classics, Knox soon began working with the poor of London's East End, and then studied for the priesthood. After brief parish work, he was warden of the Oratory of the Good Shepherd from 1924 to 1940, and chaplain and fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. He approached his New Testament studies as a Hellenist, and wrote several books on Paul the Apostle and other aspects of ecclesiastical history from that angle. He

neg: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle the scribe in Peterborough who wrote [E], though it seems to have been abridged. It includes the same introductory material as [D] and, along with [E], is one of the two chronicles that does not include the "Battle of Brunanburh" poem. The manuscript has many annotations and interlineations, some made by the original scribe and some by later scribes, including Robert Talbot. [A]/[G] Copy of "the Winchester Chronicle": [A] was copied from [A] at Winchester in the eleventh century and follows a 10th-century copy of an Old English translation of Bede's "Ecclesiastical History". The last annal copied was 1001, so

neg: Gillis Centre gave its name to the lane that runs alongside it, "Whitehouse Loan". The house had many literary and academic occupants and must have had a connection with the University of Edinburgh, because it was there that some of the university's leading figures wrote various pieces of literature. Such as Principal Robertson who wrote his "The History and Reign of Charles V" in 1769. In 1756 John Home wrote his tragedy "Douglas" there and in 1783 Dr. Hugh Blair wrote his famous "Lectures". The ecclesiastical history of the site goes back to 1834 with the founding by Bishop James Gillis of

neg: R. Tudur Jones period and stood elections in the party's name in Anglesey during the 1959 and 1964 elections. His nationalistic arguments are best put forward in his book "The Desire of Nations" where he notes that his nationalism "asks nothing for itself that it does not wish for others." Jones is listed to have published over 341 books and articles mainly on ecclesiastical history. Among his main publications on ecclesiastical history are "Hanes Annibynwyr Cymru" ("History of the Welsh Congregationalists") and "Ffydd ac Argyfwng Cenedl – Cristnogaeth a Diwylliant yng Nghymru 1890–1914" ("Faith and the crisis of the Nation – Christianity and

neg: Margaret Roper Margaret Roper Margaret Roper (1505–1544) was an English writer and translator. Roper, the eldest daughter of Sir Thomas More, is considered as one of the most learned women of sixteenth-century England. She is celebrated for her filial piety and scholastic acquirements. Roper's most known publication is a Latin-to-English translation of Erasmus' "Precatio Dominica" as "A Devout Treatise upon the Paternoster." In addition, she wrote many Latin epistles and English letters, as well as an original treatise entitled "The Four Last Things". She also translated the "Ecclesiastical History" of Eusebius from the Greek into the Latin language. Margaret More was the

neg: French Revolution and the English Gothic Novel French Revolution and the English Gothic Novel The French Revolution influenced the English gothic novel. The gothic novel combines elements of terror and romance, and the supernatural. English novelist Fanny Burney wrote at the time of the French Revolution that, "There is nothing in old history that I shall any longer think fabulous; the destruction of the most wonderful empires on record has nothing more wonderful, nor of more sounding improbability, than the demolition of this great nation, which rises up against itself for its own ruin-perhaps annihilation." A year later in 1790, English statesman Edmund Burke wrote that the

neg: Ceawlin of Wessex been used to argue that perhaps, Ceawlin did not win the battle and that the chronicler chose not to record the outcome fully – a king does not usually come home "in anger" after taking "many towns and countless war-loot". It may be that Ceawlin's overlordship of the southern Britons came to an end with this battle. About 731, Bede, a Northumbrian monk and chronicler, wrote a work called the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". The work was not primarily a secular history, but Bede provides much information about the history of the Anglo-Saxons, including a list early in

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church the history of the Crusades. Another patriarch of the Jacobites, Gregory Abulpharagius or Bar-Hebraeus, Maphrian (i. e. primate) of the Syro-Jacobite Church (1266–86), also wrote a universal chronicle in three parts. We must also mention the "Bibliotheca" (Myriobiblon) of Photios I of Constantinople (died 891), in which about 280 authors are described and passages quoted from them, and the work "On Heresies" of St. John Damascene. Throughout this period the West was furnishing abundant material for ecclesiastical history, but few genuinely historical works. In the 9th century, Haymo, Bishop of Halberstadt (died 853), undertook to write an ecclesiastical history of

neg: John Herkless arts and attended medical classes. Though he disliked mathematics, he was fond of philosophy. He then studied for the ministry and was duly licensed as a minister. He lectured on English Literature at Queen Margaret College, Glasgow, before becoming an assistant minister. This lasted till 1883 when he was appointed as minister to the parish of Tannadice in Angus. Herkless also held the post of Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of St Andrews. During his career he wrote several books including: "The Archbishops of St Andrews" which he co-wrote with Robert Hannay and "Francis and Dominic and the

neg: Irish wine Bede wrote in his AD 731 "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" that there was not "any want of vines" in Ireland. However, Gerald of Wales wrote in the 12th century that Ireland did not have vines and Bede's claim was inaccurate. Modern wine writer Susan Boyle, meanwhile, argues that wine-stained pottery found in archaeological sites serves as evidence that the ancient Celts introduced wine to Ireland about 500 years before Christ was born. There are records of previous attempts to cultivate the vine for wine production, such as in the 5th century monks at the Cistercian monastery in County

neg: Nathaniel Isaacs Nathaniel Isaacs Nathaniel Isaacs (1808–1872) was an English adventurer who played a part in the history of Natal, South Africa. He wrote a book spread over two volumes (whose accuracy is now disputed) called "Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa". This book subsequently became one of the principal sources quoted by writers of the history of Natal including Morris ("The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation"), Ritter ("Shaka Zulu: The Rise of the Zulu Empire") and Bulpin ("Natal and the Zulu Country"). Isaacs was born in Canterbury, England into a Jewish family. His father

neg: John Flete each abbot of the monastery. These biographies were generally standardized—providing the date of election, major accomplishments, date of death, place of entombment, and epitaph for each. According to Barbara Harvey, the chief value of the history was in demonstrating how ecclesiastical historiography was moving away from a national interest toward a local and biographical one in the late Middle Ages. John Flete John Flete (ca. 1398 – 1466) was an English monk and ecclesiastical historian who documented the history and abbots of Westminster Abbey. He entered the monastery at Westminster some time around 1420. For some years, he was an

neg: Adam of Damerham was sick at the time, but did not like to fail in obedience to the king's command. His death on the festival of St. Michael is the last event recorded by Adam of Damerham, who therefore brings down his story to 1291. Adam of Damerham Adam of Damerham (sometimes Adam of Domerham (died after 1291), was a Benedictine monk of Glastonbury Abbey, who wrote a history of the abbey, and was active in the ecclesiastical politics of his time. Adam was a native of Damerham, Hampshire, a village belonging to Glastonbury Abbey. He wrote a history of the abbey entitled

neg: Ebbsfleet, Thanet to the sea. A third possibility is that "Eopwines" represents a corruption of the last three syllables of Portus Rut"upinus", the Latin name of the ancient Wantsum Channel. The arrival of the Saxons is commemorated by a monument and replica longship up the coast at Cliffsend. The Battle of Wippedesfleot between the Britons and the English in 465 is thought to have taken place at Ebbsfleet. Bede wrote in his "Ecclesiastical History": "On the east of Kent is the large Isle of Thanet containing, according to the English way of reckoning, 600 families, divided from the other land by the

neg: Hegesippus (chronicler) Eusebius, who tells us that he wrote "Hypomnemata" (Ὑπομνήματα; "Memoirs" or "Memoranda") in five books, in the simplest style concerning the tradition of the Apostolic preaching. Through Eusebius Hegesippus was also known to Jerome, who is responsible for the idea that Hegesippus "wrote a history of all ecclesiastical events from the passion of our Lord down to his own period... in five volumes", which has established the "Hypomnemata" as a Church history. Hegesippus appealed principally to tradition as embodied in the teaching which had been handed down through the succession of bishops, thus providing for Eusebius information about the earliest

neg: Peter Martyr d'Anghiera in 1582; an English version may be found in Arber, "The first three English books on America" (Birmingham, 1885); a French one by Gaffarel in "Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir à l'histoire de la Geographie" (Paris, 1907). Martyr also wrote the historical account, "Opus epistolarum," although it was not edited or published until after his death. This collection consists of 812 letters to or from ecclesiastical dignitaries, generals, and statesmen of Spain and Italy, dealing with contemporary events, and especially with the history of Spain between 1487 and 1525. It was published first at Alcalá in 1530;

neg: Abraham Wheelocke purchase by George Villiers, which brought with it the first book in Chinese to be added to the Library's collections. He produced the "editio princeps" of the Old English version of Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" (1643–4). In the same work he published an important edition—and the first in England—of Bede's "Ecclesiastical History" in its original Latin text opposite the Old English version, along with Anglo-Saxon laws. Many of the notes in this edition consist of the Old English homilies of Aelfric of Eynsham, which Wheelocke translated himself into Latin. In the following year

neg: Zacharias Rhetor been a Monophysite monk from Amida. This anonymous author, who has been commonly known as Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor, incorporated it in "Historia Miscellanea", a 12-book compilation of ecclesiastical histories. Pseudo-Zacharias's edition of Zacharias's ecclesiastical history, constituted books 3-6 in is also usually known as "Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor". The first English translation of "Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor" was not published until in 1899 under the title "The Syriac Chronicle" by F. J. Hamilton and E. W. Brooks. It was part of a five-volume series, "Byzantine Texts", edited by J. B. Bury. A new English translation was published by Liverpool University Press in 2011 under the

neg: Kalistrat Salia Kartvelian studies. He published a series of scholarly works on the history and literature of Georgia and wrote Georgia-related entries for foreign encyclopedias. His 1980 work "Histoire de la nation géorgienne" (translated into English as "History of the Georgian Nation" in 1983) was awarded the prize of the French Academy of Sciences. Kalistrat Salia Kalistrate Salia () (1901–1986) was a Georgian émigré historian and philologist active in France. Salia was born on July 18, 1901, in Mingrelia, western Georgia. He studied at Zugdidi and Khashuri before enrolling into the University of Tbilisi in 1920. After the Soviet takeover of Georgia

neg: John Daniel (priest) by the French Government, but the English Government confiscated this money, neither returning it to France nor allowing the English Catholics to receive it. Daniel was the last "de facto" president of Douai, though the Rev. Francis Tuite was appointed titular president, to succeed him in prosecuting the claims. Daniel wrote an "Ecclesiastical History of the Britons and Saxons" (London, 1815, 1824). He was the son of Edward Daniel of Durton, Lancashire, and great-nephew of the Rev. Hugh Tootell, better known as Dodd the historian. John Daniel (priest) John Daniel (born 1745; died in Paris, 3 October 1823) was an

neg: History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality and among "outsiders" he considers Jews, heretics, homosexuals, and magicians as having been among the most important. Pope Leo IX (d. 1054) labeled homosexuality "filthy", "execrable vice" and "obscene". Likewise around 1051, Saint Peter Damian wrote the "Liber Gomorrhianus" in which he argued for stricter ecclesiastical punishment for clerics guilty of "sins against nature". The Council of London in 1102 in 1102, called at the urging of English Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, explicitly denounced homosexual behavior as a sin for the first time at an English council. Anselm felt that sodomy was widespread and was not condemned strongly enough or

neg: Stephen, King of England based on accounts of chroniclers who lived in, or close to, the middle of the 12th century, forming a relatively rich account of the period. All of the main chronicler accounts carry significant regional biases in how they portray the disparate events. Several of the key chronicles were written in the south-west of England, including the "Gesta Stephani", or "Acts of Stephen", and William of Malmesbury's "Historia Novella", or "New History". In Normandy, Orderic Vitalis wrote his "Ecclesiastical History", covering Stephen's reign until 1141, and Robert of Torigni wrote a later history of the rest of the period. Henry of

neg: The Anarchy written in the south-west of England, including the "Gesta Stephani", or "Acts of Stephen", and William of Malmesbury's "Historia Novella", or "New History". In Normandy, Orderic Vitalis wrote his "Ecclesiastical History", covering the period until 1141, and Robert of Torigni wrote a later history of the rest of the later years. Henry of Huntingdon, who lived in the east of England, produced the "Historia Anglorum" that provides a regional account of the conflict. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" was past its prime by the time of the war, but is remembered for its striking account of conditions during the Anarchy, in particular

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church the first four centuries, taking Rufinus as his principal authority. Subsequently, with the aid of Latin versions of Georgius Syncellus, Nicephorus, and especially of Theophanes, to which he added his own material, the Roman Abbot Anastasius Bibliothecarius (the Librarian) wrote a "Church History" to the time of Leo the Armenian, who died in 829. About the middle of the 12th century, Ordericus Vitalis, Abbot of St. Evroul in Normandy, wrote an "Historia ecclesiastica" in thirteen books; it reaches to 1142, and is of especial value for the history of Normandy, England, and the Crusades. The Dominican Bartholomew of Lucca, called

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church far appeared (Paris, 1896-), and some have gone through several editions. A very useful manual is Marion's "Histoire de l'Église" (Paris, 1906). The Bollandist de Smedt wrote an "Introductio generalis in Historiam ecclesiasticam critice tractandam" (Louvain, 1876). A manual of church history was published by Wouters ("Compendium hist. eccl.", 3 vols., Louvain, 1874), who also wrote "Dissertationes in selecta capita hist. eccl." (6 vols. Louvain, 1868–72). Jungmann dealt with general church history to the end of the 18th century in his "Dissertationes selectæ in historiam ecclesiasticam". The character of ecclesiastico-historical studies at Louvain is seen in the "Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique"

neg: Ecclesiastical History of the English People Bede acknowledged his correspondents in the preface to the "Historia Ecclesiastica"; he was in contact with Daniel, the Bishop of Winchester, for information about the history of the church in Wessex, and also wrote to the monastery at Lastingham for information about Cedd and Chad. Bede also mentions an Abbot Esi as a source for the affairs of the East Anglian church, and Bishop Cynibert for information about Lindsey. The historian Walter Goffart argues that Bede based the structure of the "Historia" on three works, using them as the framework around which the three main sections of the work were

neg: Ecclesiastical History of the English People The "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum", or "An Ecclesiastical History of the English People" is Bede's best-known work, completed in about 731. The first of the five books begins with some geographical background and then sketches the history of England, beginning with Caesar's invasion in 55 BC. A brief account of Christianity in Roman Britain, including the martyrdom of St Alban, is followed by the story of Augustine's mission to England in 597, which brought Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons. The second book begins with the death of Gregory the Great in 604, and follows the further progress of Christianity in Kent

neg: Doctor Who (season 1) history and into the future. Historical stories were intended to educate viewers about significant events in history, such as the Aztec civilisation and the French Revolution; futuristic episodes took a more subtle approach to educating viewers, such as the theme of pacifism with the Daleks. The first eight serials were written by six writers: Whitaker, Anthony Coburn, Terry Nation, John Lucarotti, Peter R. Newman, and Dennis Spooner. The show was developed with three particular story types envisioned: past history, future technology, and alternative present; Coburn, Lucarotti, and Spooner wrote historical episodes, Nation and Newman penned futuristic stories, and Whitaker wrote

neg: Adam of Damerham Adam of Damerham Adam of Damerham (sometimes Adam of Domerham (died after 1291), was a Benedictine monk of Glastonbury Abbey, who wrote a history of the abbey, and was active in the ecclesiastical politics of his time. Adam was a native of Damerham, Hampshire, a village belonging to Glastonbury Abbey. He wrote a history of the abbey entitled "Historia de Rebus gestis Glastoniensibus", which exists in a manuscript in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, possibly the author's own copy. It has been published by Thomas Hearne in two volumes. The first volume, however, does not contain any part of

neg: Jovan Rajić in the Serbian Kovilj monastery on December 22, 1801. He wrote in Serbian, Russian, Latin, German, Hungarian and Old Slavonic. He was one of the best educated Serbian ecclesiastical scholars who knew theology and history better than most in his day. He translated the works of Feofan Prokopovich, Peter Mohyla, Platon Levshin, Lazar Baranovych, Metropolitan Gedeon of Kiev, and various German and Hungarian authors. He wrote the history of the Serbian Orthodox Church and a Serbian catechesis for children which was first published in Vienna in 1774 and was consequently reprinted many times over for the next 89 years. He

neg: Æthelred of Mercia Northumbria to the north, recently united from its constituent kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, East Anglia to the east, and Wessex, the kingdom of the West Saxons, to the south. According to "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", a history of the English church written by the 8th-century monk Bede, there were seven early Anglo-Saxon rulers who held "imperium", or overlordship, over the other kingdoms. The fifth of these was Edwin of Northumbria, who was killed at the battle of Hatfield Chase by a combined force including Cadwallon, a British king of Gwynedd, and Penda. After Edwin's death, Northumbria briefly

neg: Ælle of Sussex time the Anglo-Saxon advance was resumed, and by the late 6th century nearly all of southern England was under the control of the continental invaders. There are two early sources that mention Ælle by name. The earliest is "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People", a history of the English church written in 731 by Bede, a Northumbrian monk. Bede mentions Ælle as one of the Anglo-Saxon kings who exercised what he calls "imperium" over "all the provinces south of the river Humber"; "imperium" is usually translated as "overlordship". Bede gives a list of seven kings who held "imperium", and

neg: Kingdom of Northumbria The name that these two countries eventually united under, Northumbria, may have been coined by Bede and made popular through his Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Information on the early royal genealogies for Bernicia and Deira comes from Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" and Welsh chronicler Nennius’ Historia Brittonum. According to Nennius, the Bernician royal line begins with Ida, son of Eoppa. Ida reigned for twelve years (beginning in 547) and was able to annex Bamburgh to Bernicia. In Nennius’ genealogy of Deira, a king named Soemil was the first to separate Bernicia and Deira, which could

neg: History of Chinese Americans often as they could to China to see their family, they could not cut off their often hated braids in America and then legally re-enter China. The first Chinese immigrants usually remained faithful to traditional Chinese beliefs, which were either Confucianism, ancestral worship, Buddhism or Daoism, while others adhered to various ecclesiastical doctrines. The number of Chinese migrants who converted to Christianity remained at first low. They were mainly Protestants who had already been converted in China where foreign Christian missionaries (who had first come in mass in the 19th century) had strived for centuries to wholly Christianize the nation

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church vols., Madrid, 1873-5). In the field of general history, only Amat's "Historia ecclesiastica o tratado de la Iglesia de Jesu Christo" (12 vols., Madrid, 1793–1803, 2nd ed. 1807) appeared—not a very thorough work. Juan Manuel de Berriozobal wrote "Historia de la Iglesia en sus primos siglos" (4 vols., Madrid, 1867). The Dominican Francisco Rivaz y Madrazo published a manual ("Curso de historia ecclesiastica", 3 vols., 3rd ed., Madrid, 1905). The first scientific Catholic manual of church history in Dutch was written by Albers ("Handboek der algemeene Kerkgeschiedenis", 2 vols., Nijmegen, 1905-7; 2nd ed., 1908). Special ecclesiastical history can point to

neg: A Short History of the English People feeling they did not play a big role in the formation of the nation. His new ideas, and omission of information that others felt important, meant Green was criticized by other historians as well as the people close to him. Others thought highly of the book, including Francis Adams, who used quotations from the book in his poem "The Peasants' Revolt". A Short History of the English People A Short History of the English People is a book written by English historian John Richard Green. Published in 1874, "it is a history, not of English Kings or English Conquests, but

neg: Ancient history descendants of three Germanic tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, from the Jutland peninsula and Lower Saxony (, Germany). The Angles may have come from Angeln, and Bede wrote their nation came to Britain, leaving their land empty. They spoke closely related Germanic dialects. The Anglo-Saxons knew themselves as the "Englisc," from which the word "English" derives. Viking refers to a member of the Norse (Scandinavian) peoples, famous as explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates, who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe beginning in the late 8th. These Norsemen used their famed longships to travel. The Viking Age

neg: Ecclesiastical Household Ecclesiastical Household The Ecclesiastical Household is a part of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Reflecting the different constitutions of the churches of England and Scotland, there are separate households in each nation. The Church of England Ecclesiastical Household comprises the College of Chaplains, and the associated Chapel Royal, the Royal Almonry Office, various Domestic Chaplains, and service Chaplains. The College of Chaplains is under the Clerk of the Closet, an office dating from 1437. It is normally held by a diocesan bishop, who may however remain in office after leaving his see. The current clerk

neg: Sunderland monastery and was likely worked on by Bede, who was born at Wearmouth in 673. This is one of the oldest monasteries still standing in England. While at the monastery, Bede completed the "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum" "(The Ecclesiastical History of the English People)" in 731, a feat which earned him the title "The father of English history." In the late 8th century, the Vikings raided the coast, and by the middle of the 9th century, the monastery had been abandoned. Lands on the south side of the river were granted to the Bishop of Durham by Athelstan of England

neg: Wessex Horsa. When Bede wrote his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", he adapted Gildas's narrative and added details, such as the names of those involved. To the "proud tyrant" he gave the name Vortigern, and the Saxon commanders he named Hengest and Horsa. Further details were added to the story in the "Historia Brittonum", which was partially written by Nennius. According to the "Historia", Hengest and Horsa fought the invaders of Britain under the condition of gaining the Island of Thanet. The daughter of Hengest, Rowena, later arrived on a ship of reinforcements, and Vortigern married her. However, a war

neg: Abdisho bar Berika including an author catalog, which has for the Syrian literary history an important role. Abdisho bar Berika Abdisho bar Berika or Ebedjesu () (died 1318), also known as Mar Odisho or St. Odisho in English, was a Syriac writer. He was born in Nusaybin. Abdisho was first bishop of Shiggar (Sinjar) and the province of Bet 'Arbaye (Arbayestan) around 1285 and from before 1291 metropolitan of Nisibis and Armenia. He was the author of the Marganitha, one of the most important ecclesiastical texts of the Assyrian Church of the East. He wrote in Syriac biblical commentaries, polemical treatises against heresy

neg: Charles James Jackson times in updated versions, most recently in 1989 as "Jackson's Silver and Gold Marks of England, Scotland and Ireland". The book contains details of each assay office in the country, with their various marks. He also wrote "An Illustrated History of English Plate, Ecclesiastical and Secular", published in 1911. His two books are described as "the foundation of modern silver scholarship". He was influential in establishing the National Museum of Wales, and for helping ensure that it was based in Cardiff. He agreed in 1922 to lend about a quarter of his collection of silver to the museum, which gradually

neg: Robert Hussey appearance. He wrote also "An Essay on the Ancient Weights and Money and the Roman and Greek Liquid Measures; with an Appendix on the Roman and Greek Foot", Oxford, 1836, based on examination of ancient coins. Hussey married Elizabeth Ley, sister of his friend and contemporary at Christ Church, the Rev. Jacob Ley. She survived him with one daughter. His eldest sister, Charlotte Sutherland, gave to the Bodleian Library in 1837 a large collection of historical prints and drawings. Attribution Robert Hussey Robert Hussey (1801–1856) was an English churchman and academic, professor of ecclesiastical history at Oxford. Born on 7

neg: Sufes Junca, wrote a letter to Archbishop Boniface of Carthage, in which Liberatus said that the peace of the Church was restored at the Synod of Junca and he assured that full ecclesiastical liberty prevailed in the ecclesiastical province of Byzacena. What was further necessary, he wrote, would be conveyed through verbal messages by the bishops who were entrusted with the letter. The peace of the Church had been disturbed partly by a conflict between Liberatus and a monastery and partly by Bishop Vincentius' of Girba () invasion of the ecclesiastical province of Byzacena, although he belonged to the ecclesiastical province

neg: Bromley referred to as Bromstead). Owen Chadwick was born in Bromley in 1916. He was awarded the Order of Merit, was Vice Chancellor of University of Cambridge, Master of Selwyn Cambridge, Regius Professor of Modern History, Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Chancellor of University of Anglia, President of the British Academy, and was a Rugby Union International. Other world-famous authors who hail from Bromley include Captain W.E. Johns (author of the Biggles adventures), David Nobbs (author of The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin and writer for Les Dawson and The Two Ronnies), and Enid Blyton who wrote influential children's fiction

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church task of producing an ecclesiastical history, which he brought down to the end of the 12th century and published under the title, "Annales ecclesiastici" (12 vols., Rome, 1588–1607). Numerous editions and continuations of it then appeared. From the middle of the 17th century French writers were active in ecclesiastico-historical research. The writings of the Fathers of the Church and other ancient sources were published in better editions, and the auxiliary sciences of history were well cultivated. Antoine Godeau, Bishop of Vence, wrote a "Histoire de l'église" reaching to the 9th century (5 vols., Paris, 1655–78; several other editions appeared and

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church (3 parts, Halle, 1778), and "Versuch christlicher Jahrbücber" (2 parts, Halle, 1782). Most of his contemporaries wrote church history as a chronicle of scandals ("Scandalchronik"): superstition, fanaticism, and human passion. This spirit is particularly characteristic of Spittler, "Grundriss der Gesch. der christl. Kirche" and Henke, "Allgem. Geschichte der chr. K." Romanticism led to an appreciation of the Catholic medieval world, while in all departments of learning there appeared a desire to be objective in judgment. The sources of ecclesiastical history were studied via historical criticism. It was in Catholic Germany that these changes were first noticeable, particularly in the work

neg: Synod of Chester the ecclesiastical community at Bangor-on-Dee. The laconic Welsh annals record the entry in the undated early 12th-century A text and in the later B-text, which, although also undated, places it 569 years after the birth of Christ. Phillimore's reconstruction of the A text dated it to 601. The Gregory mentioned is probably Pope Gregory I (d. 604). The David mentioned is Saint David, who was also responsible for the earlier Synod of Brefi and the Synod of Victory (over Pelagianism) which was held in the other Caerleon. In his "Ecclesiastical History", the English Bede devoted much of his account to

neg: Council of Hertford across Anglo-Saxon England, so the council was national in scope. In the chronological summary of his "Ecclesiastical History," Bede records that King Ecgfrith was present at the council. This information is absent from Bede’s main account of the synod in IV.5, and details of Ecgfrith’s role at Hertford are unknown. Despite Ecgfrith’s presence, Hertford was ecclesiastical in focus. Bede attests that it was Theodore who summoned the council and had authority over its proceedings. Bede describes Theodore as ‘the first of the archbishops whom the whole English Church consented to obey’. Theodore is depicted by Bede as an authority figure

neg: Sope Creek according to "The First Hundred Years: A Short History of Cobb County," which states that "he had lived there so long that a creek and its branch were named for him." However, there was a dispute, and he and his family were forced to move to Cherokee County, where they lived until they were relocated on the Trail of Tears, wrote Bishop, who contributes to www.trailofthetrail.com. "There are descendants of Soap who now live in Oklahoma, in the Cherokee Nation," Bishop wrote in an email. "Chris Soap serves on the Cherokee Nation tribal council, and his father, Charley Soap, is

neg: Sigeberht of East Anglia exiled from East Anglia prior to becoming king, as few records have survived from this period of English history. The most reliable source for Sigeberht's background and career is Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" (produced in 731), in which Bede stated that Sigeberht was the brother of Eorpwald and the son of Rædwald, who ruled the kingdom of East Anglia from about 599 to 624, but William of Malmesbury described him as Rædwald's stepson. The stepson theory is strengthened by the fact that the name "Sigeberht" is without comparison in the East Anglian Wuffingas dynasty, but closely resembles

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church is a product of this spirit. Though constantly attacked, this school, whose chief representative was Adolf Harnack, predominated in German Protestantism. Möller, in his "Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte" writes with moderation; similarly in his "Kirchengeschichte" (Tübingen, 1892, sqq.). In the 19th century also the Reformed (see above) produced less in the province of general church history than the Lutherans. An important general ecclesiastical history produced by Anglican scholars was edited by W. Stephens and W. Hunt -- "A History of the English Church" by various writers (Hunt, Stephens, Capes, Gairdner, Hutton, Overton). Greek Orthodox writers produced two works of general Church

neg: Anti-Irish sentiment stereotyping of the Irish is first recorded in ca. 1190 with the Norman chronicler Giraldus Cambrensis, also known as Gerald of Wales. To justify the Norman invasion of Ireland, he wrote disparagingly of the Irish. "Gerald was seeking promotion by Henry II within the English church. His history was therefore written to create a certain effect—of supporting Henry II's claims to Ireland." Over the centuries, hostility increased towards the Irish, who steadfastly remained Roman Catholic in spite of coercive force by Edward VI and subsequent rulers to convert them to Protestantism. The religious majority of the Irish nation was ruled

neg: John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch before unworthy subjection to the English nation; and all of a sudden they fearlessly fell upon the enemy." Fordun Politically, however, the outlook was bleak. Philip of France entered into a final peace with Edward, from which Scotland was excluded. John Balliol, whose star had risen briefly above the horizon, now sank into the twilight of history. In a mood of desperation the Scottish diplomats in Paris, who included Comyn's cousin Buchan, wrote words of encouragement; "For God's sake do not despair...it would gladden your hearts if you would know how much your honour has increased in every part of

neg: Edgar B. Graves Edgar B. Graves Edgar Baldwin Graves (1898–1983) was an American medievalist and professor of history at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. His primary area of expertise was medieval English law and the relationship between royal and ecclesiastical jurisdictions. Graves was born in Philadelphia, where he attended the Penn Charter School and Haverford College. At Haverford, he studied with the eminent medievalist W. E. Lunt, who taught courses on English constitutional history and did pioneering research on papal financial records. Graves would maintain a close working relationship with Lunt for many years until the latter's death in 1956. Following graduation

neg: Culture of England by Henry Fielding's patriotic ballad "The Roast Beef of Old England", and William Hogarth's painting of the same name. Indeed, since the 18th century the phrase "les rosbifs" has been a popular French nickname for the English. Lamb is eaten especially at Easter. An English commentator wrote: “We have, throughout our history as a nation, had a weakness for meat in pastry which, while it is not unique, is a sort of hallmark of our taste.” Pies appear in common English idioms such as "to eat humble pie", "as easy as pie", "pie in the sky" and "a slice of

neg: John Lockman Salamanca.’ Lockman is also the translator of Voltaire's "Letters concerning the English Nation" (London, 1733). The work was first thought to have been partially written by Voltaire himself, in English, in the years following his stay in that country from 1726-28. The hypothesis, posed by Harcourt Brown, was debunked by J. Patrick Lee in his essay, "The Unexamined Premise" (2001). He established that the entire "Letters" had in fact been written in French and then translated into English. He also published: Lockman wrote also a ‘History of Christianity,’ and histories of England, Greece, and of Rome, by question and answer,

neg: Ecclesiastical History of the English People the Synod of Whitby, which Farmer regards as "the dramatic centre-piece of the whole work." The historian Alan Thacker wrote in 1983 that Bede's works should be seen as advocating a monastic rather than secular ministry, and Thacker argues that Bede's treatment of St Cuthbert is meant to make Cuthbert a role-model for the role of the clergy advocated by Gregory the Great. The historian Walter Goffart says of the "Historia" that many modern historians find it a "tale of origins framed dynamically as the Providence-guided advance of a people from heathendom to Christianity; a cast of saints rather than

neg: Ecclesiastical History of the English People kingdom of Sussex. The fifth book brings the story up to Bede's day, and includes an account of missionary work in Frisia, and of the conflict with the British church over the correct dating of Easter. Bede wrote a preface for the work, in which he dedicates it to Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria. The preface mentions that Ceolwulf received an earlier draft of the book; presumably, Ceolwulf knew enough Latin to understand it, and he may even have been able to read it. The preface makes it clear that Ceolwulf had requested the earlier copy, and Bede had asked for

neg: William Kay (scholar) Bible" commentaries on the "Book of Isaiah" (1875) and the "Epistle to the Hebrews" (1881). He also furnished the notes on Ezekiel in the commentary published by the Christian Knowledge Society. May wrote also: May also translated and edited one of the volumes of Claude Fleury's "Ecclesiastical History", under the superintendence of John Henry Newman, Oxford, 1844. Attribution William Kay (scholar) William Kay (1820–1886) was an English cleric and academic, known as a college head and biblical scholar. The youngest of nine children of Thomas and Ann Kay of Knaresborough, he was born 8 April 1820, at Pickering, North Yorkshire.

neg: F. J. Harvey Darton F. J. Harvey Darton Frederick Joseph Harvey Darton (22 September 1878 – 26 July 1936) was an author, publisher, and historian of children's literature. In 1932 he wrote a pioneering work: "The Story of English Children's Books in England: Five Centuries of Social Life". The Children's Books History Society makes an award in his honor. Darton was the oldest child of Joseph William Darton (1844–1916) and Mary Darton (née Schooling). Joseph was a partner in the publishing firm Wells Gardner, Darton and Company, which had been started by William Wells Gardner (1821–1880) to produce mainly ecclesiastical texts, but had branched

neg: Philip Schaff prepared a new liturgy, and by his edition (1863) of the Heidelberg Catechism. So much so that when the German Reformed Church, in a desire to begin producing more and better published material for the denomination published Samuel Miller's work entitled "A Treatise on Mercersburg Theology: Mercersburg and Modern Theology Compared" in 1866. Schaff's "History of the Apostolic Church" (in German, 1851; in English, 1853) and his "History of the Christian Church" (7 vols., 1858–1890), opened a new period in American study of ecclesiastical history. In 1854, Schaff visited Europe, representing the American German churches at the ecclesiastical diet at

neg: Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 on the English Government, and belongs chiefly to the history of Emancipation in that country. There was another cause of dissension, more properly English, which was connected with the adjuration of the supposed Catholic doctrines contained in the oath imposed upon those who wished to participate in the benefits conferred by the Act of 1791, as previously by that of 1778. The lay members of the Catholic committee who had framed this disclaimer were accused by the Vicars Apostolic, who then administered the Catholic Church in England, of tampering with matters of ecclesiastical discipline; and although the bishops had their

neg: Robert Abbot (theologian) "worldly maintenance," "best earthly countenance" and "fatherly incouragements." Robert Abbot (theologian) Robert Abbot () was an English theologian who promoted puritan doctrines. With a living at Cranbrook, Kent, he wrote anti-Catholic works and cultivated a local circle among the Kent gentry. Robert Abbot received his education at Cambridge University, and later at Oxford University. The details of Abbot's ecclesiastical career are somewhat unclear, and can only be pieced together from fragmentary evidence, but based on something he wrote in his work "Bee Thankfull London and her Sisters", it is probable that he began his church service with a posting as

neg: Robert Abbot (theologian) Robert Abbot (theologian) Robert Abbot () was an English theologian who promoted puritan doctrines. With a living at Cranbrook, Kent, he wrote anti-Catholic works and cultivated a local circle among the Kent gentry. Robert Abbot received his education at Cambridge University, and later at Oxford University. The details of Abbot's ecclesiastical career are somewhat unclear, and can only be pieced together from fragmentary evidence, but based on something he wrote in his work "Bee Thankfull London and her Sisters", it is probable that he began his church service with a posting as "assistant to a reverend divine". A note in

neg: History of Freiburg the old imperial aristocracy with its lands, but also the low-income knights established by the generous ennoblement of the Habsburgers. They gave a firm scaffolding for administrative officers, lawyers and university professors of the feudal society. At the third state were the bourgeoisie, well organised in guilds and who had come into prosperity. On the other hand, were the peasants. Even if they were no longer alive, they were still dependent on the ecclesiastical and secular landowners. Inwardly, it remained quiet in Breisgau, "as our nation was ... neither so spoiled, nor so depressed, nor as enthusiastic", as Leopold II,

neg: William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley who helped the Spanish at the time of the Spanish Armada. However, they do not claim Burghley knew of Stafford's treason. Cecil's share in the Religious Settlement of 1559 was considerable, and it coincided fairly with his own Anglican religious views. Like the mass of the nation, he grew more Protestant as time wore on; he was happier to persecute Catholics than Puritans; and he had no love for ecclesiastical jurisdiction. His prosecution of the English Catholics made him a recurring character in the "evil counsellor polemics", written by Catholic exiles across the channel. In these pamphlets, polemicists painted a

neg: Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church Byzantine chronicles from Justinian the Great to the destruction of the empire in the middle of the 15th century contain information about the history of the Greek Church. The major church historian of the Byzantine period is Nicephorus Callistus, who flourished in the beginning of the 14th century. In Syriac we possess the aforesaid chronicle of Dionysius of Telmera. Towards the end of the 12th century Michael Kandis, Patriarch of the Jacobites (died 1199), wrote a chronicle from the creation to 1196. It is an important source for the history of the Syriac Church after the 6th century, particularly for