query: when was the first residential air conditioning system invented

pos: Air conditioning necessary in textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his company. Shortly thereafter, the first private home to have air conditioning was built in Minneapolis in 1914, owned by Charles Gates. Realizing that air conditioning would one day be a standard feature of private homes, particularly in regions with warmer climate, David St. Pierre DuBose (1898-1994) designed a network of ductwork and vents for his home "Meadowmont", all disguised behind intricate and attractive Georgian-style open moldings. This building is believed to be one of the first private homes in the United States equipped

neg: Air conditioning Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel demonstrated "Turning Summer into Winter" as an early form of modern air conditioning for James I of England by adding salt to water. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by US inventor Willis Carrier. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped enable the great migration to the Sun Belt in the United States. In 1758, Benjamin Franklin and John Hadley, a chemistry professor at Cambridge University, conducted an experiment to explore the principle of

neg: Air conditioning refrigeration system upon the ship itself proved disastrous when the ice was consumed faster than expected. In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. There, he began experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York. The first air conditioner, designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902. Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) 1902 Periscope (collapsible) 1902 Mercury arc valve 1902 Air conditioning Air conditioning is the cooling and de-humidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. Using a system of coils as a solution to cool and remove moisture from muggy air in a printing plant that was wrinkling magazine pages, Willis Carrier invented and manufactured the world's first mechanical air conditioning unit in 1902. Carrier's invention – encompassing the first system to provide man-made control over temperature, humidity, ventilation and air quality, was first installed as a solution to the quality problems experienced at a Brooklyn printing plant, Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing

neg: Air conditioning to cool many rooms at a time it is generally more expensive than central air conditioning. The first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit was invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors and offered for sale starting in 1935. Split-system air conditioners come in two forms: mini-split and central systems. In both types, the inside-environment (evaporative) heat exchanger is separated by some distance from the outside-environment (condensing unit) heat exchanger. A mini-split system typically supplies air conditioned and heated air to a single or a few rooms of a building. Multi-zone systems are a common application of ductless systems and allow up

neg: History of Chrysler Chrysler Building, though the Airtemp Corporation would not be incorporated until 1934, when it used a former Maxwell factory. Airtemp invented capacity regulators, sealed radial compressors, and the self-contained air conditioning system, along with a superior high-speed radial compressor, and by 1941 had over 500 dealers selling its air conditioning and heating systems. The company supplied medical refrigeration units in World War II, and dominated the industry in the 1940s but slowly fell behind. By the 1970s Airtemp was losing money and was sold to Fedders in 1976. In 2012 the name was reborn as a Nordyne byproduct exclusively sold

neg: Leonard L. Northrup Jr. the War, Northrup went to work for Storm Vulcan, a Dallas company, where he invented a machine to clean aircraft engines. He also embarked on a venture to fit cars with air conditioning equipment, putting the machinery in the trunk and piping the cooled air through tubes in the headliner. This caught the interest of engineers from General Motors, who copied the system in Cadillacs in the late 1940s. "After market" automotive AC units were manufactured in Texas until the 1980s. He also sold some of the first air conditioning units, built by the Curtis Mathes Corporation, an early leader

neg: Trane in the plumbing business, but instead focused their attention on manufacturing heating products. Reuben conceived the idea of the first convector radiator in 1925, which replaced the heavy, bulky, cast-iron radiators that prevailed at the time. Trane's first air conditioning unit was developed in 1931. In 1982, Trane purchased General Electric's Central Air Conditioning Division. With that purchase came many of the most recognizable traits of Trane's residential air conditioning products. Many of those traits, like the distinctive red "Climatuff" compressors, the "Spine-Fin" all aluminum spiny outdoor coil and the all aluminum evaporator coil, are still found in Trane's residential

neg: Air conditioning for central air conditioning. In 1945, Robert Sherman of Lynn, Massachusetts invented a portable, in-window air conditioner that cooled, heated, humidified, dehumidified, and filtered the air. The first air conditioners and refrigerators employed toxic or flammable gases, such as ammonia, methyl chloride, or propane, that could result in fatal accidents when they leaked. Thomas Midgley, Jr. created the first non-flammable, non-toxic chlorofluorocarbon gas, "Freon", in 1928. The name is a trademark name owned by DuPont for any chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant. The refrigerant names include a number indicating the molecular composition (e.g., R-11, R-12, R-22, R-134A).

neg: Deep water source cooling freshwater in a closed loop system. This cool freshwater is then pumped to buildings and is used for cooling directly (no conversion to electricity takes place). Similar systems are also in place in The Excelsior hotel and The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation main building in Hong Kong, and at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority. The InterContinental Resort is the largest seawater air conditioning system to date, though there are several other, larger systems being planned. Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning is a project intending to use seawater air conditioning to deliver renewable cooling to commercial and residential

neg: Demand response appliances or sinks (and, when demand is unexpectedly low, potentially increasing usage). For example, heating may be turned down or air conditioning or refrigeration may be turned up (turning up to a higher temperature uses less electricity), delaying slightly the draw until a peak in usage has passed. In the city of Toronto, certain residential users can participate in a program (Peaksaver AC) whereby the system operator can automatically control hot water heaters or air conditioning during peak demand; the grid benefits by delaying peak demand (allowing peaking plants time to cycle up or avoiding peak events), and the participant

neg: Automobile air conditioning as wind resistance, aerodynamics and engine power and weight must be considered, to find the true difference between using the air conditioning system and not using it, when estimating the actual fuel mileage. Other factors can affect the engine, and an overall engine heat increase can affect the cooling system of the vehicle. The innovation was adopted quickly and new features to air conditioning like the Cadillac Comfort Control which was a completely automatic heating and cooling system set by dial thermostat was introduced as an industry first in the 1964 model year. By 1960 about 20% of all cars

neg: Whole-house fan pass through the house, with an octagonal cupola at the top of the house drawing hot air up and out through natural convection. Whole house fans were the only method for cooling homes in the early 1900s. Air conditioning was invented by Carrier in 1907 but did not become popular until the 1950s. Whole house fans are still ideal for cooling homes when the air outside is cooler than the air inside. There are four types of whole house fans: Whole-house fan A whole house fan is a type of fan, or exhaust system commonly venting into a building's attic,

neg: Natural ventilation extreme outdoor temperatures noise and security concerns". The standard states that two exceptions in which naturally conditioned buildings do not require mechanical systems are when: Also, an authority having jurisdiction may allow for the design of conditioning system that does not have a mechanical system but relies only on natural systems. In reference for how controls of conditioning systems should be designed, the standard states that they must take into consideration measures to "properly coordinate operation of the natural and mechanical ventilation systems." Another reference is ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2010: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in low-rise Residential Buildings. These

neg: Automobile air conditioning used its experience in refrigeration to introduce the automobile industry's first compact and affordable, single-unit heating and air conditioning system optional for its Nash models. This was the first mass market system with controls on the dash and an electric clutch. This system was also compact and serviceable with all of its components installed under the hood or in the cowl area. Combining heating, cooling, and ventilating, the new air conditioning system for the Nash cars was called the "All-Weather Eye". This followed the marketing name of "Weather Eye" for Nash's fresh-air automotive heating and ventilating system that was first

neg: Willis Carrier Willis Carrier Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 – October 7, 1950) was an American engineer, best known for inventing modern air conditioning. Carrier invented the first electrical air conditioning unit in 1902. In 1915, he founded Carrier Corporation, a company specializing in the manufacture and distribution of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Willis Carrier was born on November 26, 1876, in Angola, New York, the son of Duane Williams Carrier (1836–1908) and Elizabeth R. Haviland (1845–1888). He studied at Cornell University, graduating in 1901 with a BSE degree. In Buffalo, New York, on July 17, 1902, in

neg: Defogger Defogger A defogger, demister, or defroster is a system to clear condensation and thaw frost from the windshield, backglass, or side windows of a motor vehicle. It was invented by German automobile engineer Heinz Kunert. For primary defogging, heat is generally provided by the vehicle's engine coolant via the heater core; fresh air is blown through the heater core and then ducted to and distributed over the interior surface of the windshield by a blower. This air is in many cases first dehumidified by passing it through the vehicle's operating air conditioning evaporator. Such dehumidification makes the defogger more effective

neg: Smell-O-Vision Train Robbery" (1903) was the first motion picture with a plot, "Behind the Great Wall" was the first with scents throughout the entire film. Science Magazine: "A similar contraption known as Aromarama was invented by Charles Weiss." Film History of the 1950s: "Charles Weiss' 1959 system of pumping "Oriental" scents into the theatre through the air-conditioning was called 'Aromarama'." Box Office (1960): "The local engagement of "Behind the Great Wall," first film in the Aromarama process, developed by Charles Weiss." Film History Timeline: "Aromarama, an experimental, short-lived scenting system developed by inventor Charles Weiss." The film received scathing treatment from

neg: AAON AAON AAON Inc. () designs, manufactures and sells semi-custom heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment (HVAC) for commercial and residential use. Primarily, it "makes and sells air conditioning and heating equipment for the new construction and replacement markets." AAON Inc. was founded by Norm Asbjornson in 1987, when he purchased the air conditioning and heating division of John Zink. Asbjornson became both founding president and CEO. As of June 2016, AAON employed 1,300 people at its headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It also employed approximately 300 people in Longview, Texas, with around $358 million in annual sales. The company broke ground

neg: Scroll compressor of a fluid, compressed air or gas. Léon Creux first patented a scroll compressor in 1905 in France and the US (Patent number 801182). Creux invented the compressor as a rotary steam engine concept, but the metal casting technology of the period was not sufficiently advanced to construct a working prototype, since a scroll compressor demands very tight tolerances to function effectively. The first practical scroll compressors did not appear on the market until after World War II, when higher-precision machine tools enabled their construction. They were not commercially produced for air conditioning until 1983 when Hitachi launched the world's

neg: R-410A R-410A R-410A, sold under the trademarked names AZ-20, EcoFluor R410, Forane 410A, Freon 410A, Genetron R410A, Puron, and Suva 410A is a zeotropic, but near-azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CHF, called R-32) and pentafluoroethane (CHFCF, called R-125), which is used as a refrigerant in air conditioning applications. R-410A cylinders are colored pink. R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1991. R-410A has replaced R-22 as the preferred refrigerant for use in residential and commercial air conditioners in Japan, Europe and the United States. Parts designed specifically for R-410A must be used as R-410A operates at higher pressures

neg: 'Adud al-Dawla benefited from this work is Shiraz. In the region of Shiraz, he built a palace with three hundred and sixty rooms with advanced wind towers for air conditioning system of residential rooms. The population of Shiraz had increased so much during his reign that he built a satellite city near the city for his army. The name of the city was "Kard-i Fannā Khusraw" ("made by Fanna Khusraw"), making a clear reference to the names that the Sasanians gave their foundations. There were two annual festivals in the city. The first to commemorate the day when the water pipe reached

neg: Temperzone only companies in the manufacturing industry that has its management structure within Australasia. Temperzone was the first manufacturer to use R-410A refrigerant (with a Zero ODP) as a standard across its entire split-ducted, rooftop package & water source heat pump range. Temperzone is the largest air conditioning manufacturer in Australia and New Zealand. On 3 August 2009, Temperzone Australia and Hitachi Appliances announced a strategic alliance which will see Hitachi air conditioning products exclusively distributed in Australia by Temperzone. Temperzone Temperzone is a large-sized business specialising in manufacturing air conditioning units and ventilation equipment for both residential and commercial markets.

neg: Ice storage air conditioning efficiency rise when the inlet cooling system is activated. This system is similar to the compressed air energy storage system. Ice storage air conditioning Ice storage air conditioning is the process of using ice for thermal energy storage. This is practical because of water's large heat of fusion: one metric ton of water (one cubic metre) can store 334 megajoules (MJ) (317,000 BTU) of energy, equivalent to 93 kWh (26.4 ton-hours). Ice was originally obtained from mountains or cut from frozen lakes and transported to cities for use as a coolant. The original definition of a "ton of cooling capacity"

neg: Air conditioning was formed to meet rising demand. Over time, air conditioning came to be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well. Residential sales expanded dramatically in the 1950s. In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte was exploring ways to add moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning", using it in a patent claim he filed that year as an analogue to "water conditioning", then a well-known process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation to "condition" and change the air in the factories, controlling the humidity so

neg: Honda Insight thermal efficiency of the air-conditioning system and, as a result, less effort is required from the compressor, resulting in improved fuel efficiency. In order to control costs, Honda decided not to include the electric-assist air conditioning compressor used in the Civic Hybrid. The Civic Hybrid's electric-assist allows the air conditioning compressor to continue running (using battery pack power) to maintain cabin temperature when the engine is shut off in Idle Stop mode. Instead, the Insight limits the duration of the Idle Stop mode during air conditioning use and restarts the engine, when needed, to maintain cabin temperature. However, when the

neg: Weather Eye Weather Eye The Weather Eye was a trade name for a Nash Motors-designed fresh-air system for automobile passenger compartment heating, cooling, and ventilating. The Nash "All-Weather Eye" was the first automobile air conditioning system for the mass market. The use of the Weather Eye name for automobile passenger heating and air conditioning systems continued in American Motors (AMC) vehicles. The design principles of the Nash Weather Eye system are now in use by nearly every motor vehicle. In 1938, Nash Motors developed the first automobile heater warmed by hot engine cooling water, and using fresh air. This "Conditioned Air System"

neg: Weather Eye optional for its all Nash Ambassador, Statesman and Rambler models. It was a true vapor-compression refrigeration system with a compact under the hood and cowl area installation. Combining heating, cooling, and ventilating, the new air conditioning system for the Nash cars was called the "All-Weather Eye". The 1954 Nash models were the first American automobiles to have a front-end, fully integrated heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. This was the first mass market system with controls on the dash and an electrically-engaged clutch. This "first true refrigerated air conditioner system" for automobiles was also compact and easily serviceable with all of

neg: Air conditioning mechanical engineer and inventor Ding Huan of the Han Dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels in diameter and manually powered by prisoners of the time. In 747, Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–762) of the Tang Dynasty (618–907) had the "Cool Hall" ("Liang Dian" ) built in the imperial palace, which the "Tang Yulin" describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song Dynasty (960–1279), written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used. In the 17th century, the

neg: Volkswagen Polo Mk4 models and ESP, brake assistance, air conditioning, satellite navigation etc. were optional on higher spec models. It is the first Polo generation to use a semi-automatic air conditioning system, with automatic climate control, named Climatic, that adjusts the interior temperature automatically to the value set on the control panel, whereas the air distribution and air blower speed are adjusted manually. A fully automatic air conditioning system, named Climatronic, was also offered. It was available with a choice of a five-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed manual gearbox, only for the sporty 1.9-litre diesel model, or with a four-speed automatic gearbox, used

neg: Leonard L. Northrup Jr. a manufacturer of residential air conditioning and heating equipment from Curtis Mathes, his lifelong friend. Northrup promoted the use of “all electric” central heating and cooling equipment, building a manufacturing facility in Dallas and later in Hutchins, Texas and selling primarily to apartment developers. In designing these systems, Northrup focused on the total installed cost of the unit, including the framing and plumbing costs. During the mid-1970s, Northrup became interested in boosting the efficiency of air conditioning systems, and began looking at novel approaches, including water-source geothermal heat pumps, and the innovative use of scroll compressors in split system central

neg: Nash Ambassador from the Nash-Healey. In 1954 the Nash Ambassador was the first American automobile to have a front-end, fully integrated heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. The heating and ventilation system was called Weather Eye and now could be equipped with Nash-Kelvinators' advanced Automobile air conditioning unit. While other manufacturers in America at the time offered A/C on some models, their air conditioning units were driven by a large and heavy, trunk mounted expander and heat exchanger that carried the air into the car via clear plastic tubes and out through ceiling mounted vents. Nash's unit was inexpensive, compact, fit under the

neg: The St. James includes of office space, of retail space, and of residential space. The 306 residential units feature ceilings and floor-to-ceiling windows. The building features a four-pipe heating and air-conditioning system, and every unit, except for the studio apartments, has a private balcony. Building amenities include an 11th-floor health club and a swimming pool. The first nine floors of The St. James house private parking for building residents. The street-level retail floor is occupied by a Starbucks and an Oceanaire seafood restaurant. Along Walnut Street, The St. James incorporated the front facades of the York Row houses, while the rest of the

neg: Tang dynasty bamboo tubes which could be carried around for dozens of km (mi) and still produce a flame. These were essentially the first gas cylinders; Robert Temple assumes some sort of tap was used for this device. The inventor Ding Huan (fl. 180 AD) of the Han dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered. In 747, Emperor Xuanzong had a "Cool Hall" built in the imperial palace, which the "Tang Yulin" () describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of

neg: R38 (New York City Subway car) the cars, while the evaporator units were installed on the top interior ends of the car in 1967. The first six air conditioned cars came into service on July 19, 1967. The six-week experiment was a success after past failures and air conditioning would soon, but not immediately, become standard equipment on new rolling stock built for the system, since the first 200 R40 cars were built without air conditioning. The air conditioned cars cost $40,000 more than the non-air conditioned cars. From this point on, the New York City Transit Authority began adopting air conditioning as standard equipment on

neg: District cooling the Jabal Omar Development in the Holy City of Mecca, alongside several other hotels, hospitals, residential and commercial towers. In January 2006, PAL technology is one of the emerging project management companies in UAE involved in the diversified business of desalination, sewage treatment and district cooling system. More than 400,000 Tons (1400 MW) of district cooling projects are planned. The Palm Jumeirah utilises district cooling supplied by Palm Utilities LLC to provide air conditioning for buildings on the trunk and crescent of the Palm. The Dubai Metro system, inaugurated in 2009, is the first mass transit network in the world

neg: Willis Carrier response to an air quality problem experienced at the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company of Brooklyn, Willis Carrier submitted drawings for what became recognized as the world's first modern air conditioning system. The 1902 installation marked the birth of air conditioning because of the addition of humidity control, which led to the recognition by authorities in the field that A/C must perform four basic functions: After several more years of refinement and field testing, on January 2, 1906, Carrier was granted for an "Apparatus for Treating Air," the world's first spray-type air conditioning equipment. It was designed to humidify or

neg: HNLMS K I on board. Later on, an ingenious crew member connected the cooling installation to the ventilation system, which meant that the K I had an air conditioning system, even before it was officially invented. HNLMS K I K I was a unique patrol submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The ship was built by De Schelde shipyard in Flushing. The boat had a diving depth of . The submarine was ordered on 19 October 1910 by the Ministry of Colonies. The next year on 16 September "K I" was laid down in Flushing at the shipyard of De Schelde. The launch

neg: York International residential HVAC industry (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning combined into integrated systems). It provided large air conditioning plants for skyscrapers, all the way down to air conditioner window units for a single room. In 1956, Borg-Warner purchased the company, making it the York Division of Borg-Warner. In 1986, York was spun off as an independent company, York International. At the time of its acquisition by Johnson Controls in 2005, it was the world's largest independent manufacturer of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration machinery. The company was sold to Johnson Controls for $3.2 billion in August 2005. Its stock symbol was

neg: Free cooling Free cooling Free cooling is an economical method of using low external air temperatures to assist in chilling water, which can then be used for industrial processes, or air conditioning systems. The chilled water can either be used immediately or be stored for the short- or long-term. When outdoor temperatures are lower relative to indoor temperatures, this system utilizes the cool outdoor air as a free cooling source. In this manner, the system replaces the chiller in traditional air conditioning systems while achieving the same cooling result. Such systems can be made for single buildings or district cooling networks. When

neg: Evaporative cooler of algae produced by early units. Externally mounted evaporative cooling devices (car coolers) were used in some automobiles to cool interior air—often as aftermarket accessories—until modern vapor-compression air conditioning became widely available. Passive evaporative cooling techniques in buildings have been a feature of desert architecture for centuries, but Western acceptance, study, innovation, and commercial application is all relatively recent. In 1974, William H. Goettl noticed how evaporative cooling technology works in arid climates, speculated that a combination unit could be more effective, and invented the "High Efficiency Astro Air Piggyback System", a combination refrigeration and evaporative cooling air conditioner. In

neg: Vent-Axia company released their new Positive Input Ventilation (PIV) unit titled "PoziDry Pro". The revolutionary product designed for pressurising homes uses "Smart Sense Technology" to record, and control input air levels. The company is a prominent supporter/sponsor of the British Superbike Championship. Vent-Axia Vent-Axia is a British manufacturer of ventilation, heating and air conditioning equipment. Located in Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex. The company has been operating since 1936, when the company invented the world's first electronically operated window fan. The company was originally incorporated on 28 January 1933, and as Vent-Axia Limited private company on 4 April 1936, to produce

neg: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA; pronounced 'Smack'-'Nah') is an international trade association with more than 4,500 contributing contractor members in 103 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, Australia and Brazil. Its headquarters is in Chantilly, Virginia. SMACNA members perform work in industrial, commercial, institutional and residential markets. They specialize in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); architectural sheet metal; industrial sheet metal; kitchen equipment; specialty stainless steel work; manufacturing; siding and decking; testing and balancing; service; and energy management and maintenance. The voluntary technical standards and manuals

neg: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association professional assistance in labor relations, legislative assistance, research and technical standards development, safety, marketing, business management and industry issues. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA; pronounced 'Smack'-'Nah') is an international trade association with more than 4,500 contributing contractor members in 103 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, Australia and Brazil. Its headquarters is in Chantilly, Virginia. SMACNA members perform work in industrial, commercial, institutional and residential markets. They specialize in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); architectural sheet metal; industrial sheet metal; kitchen equipment; specialty stainless steel work;

neg: Friedrich Air Conditioning Friedrich Air Conditioning Friedrich Air Conditioning is a privately held company that manufactures commercial-grade room air conditioners and specialty cooling products for residential and light commercial applications. The company is based in Uptown, San Antonio, Texas. The company was founded in 1883 by Ed Friedrich as a manufacturer of handcrafted furniture and other goods such as billiards tables, store fixtures, and other cabinetry. He later turned towards refrigeration and developed products to enhance food preservation. After initially focusing on optimizing ice as a coolant, Friedrich looked towards mechanical refrigeration. By 1950, the company was a large manufacturer of commercial refrigeration

neg: GEA Bock to the field of automotive air conditioning systems in the 1960s, becoming one of the pioneers in the process. The company developed and built the first air conditioning units "made in Germany" for cars that were not only used in luxury cars - even the Volkswagen beetle had a Bock air-conditioning system. In December 2009, the Bock EFC system received the BMU (German Environment Ministry) "climate protection and refrigeration technology" award in Refrigeration Technology from Norbert Röttgen, the German minister for environment. Since 31 March 2011, Bock is part of the Segment Refrigeration Technologies of the GEA Group and changed

neg: Genteq Capacitors businesses in 2004. These acquisitions from General Electric effectively doubled Regal’s size. As part of that acquisition, Regal acquired the rights to use the GE brand through 2009. Nearing the end of that licensing period, Regal rebranded these divisions as Genteq in February 2009. General Electric developed an Electronically Commutated Motor (also called Electronically Controlled Motor), or ECM, technology for use in residential and light commercial heating and air conditioning systems in North America in the mid-1980s. The GE ECM motor was the first ultra-high efficiency motor for home heating and air conditioning systems, providing greater home comfort and

neg: Daikin Applied Americas large capacity equipment, as air conditioning became viewed more as a requirement than a luxury in buildings of all types. In 1984 it was acquired by Snyder General. In 1992 McQuay, received the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of McQuay being the first to design and manufacture chillers with HFC-134a, a refrigerant with no ozone depletion potential. In 2006, McQuay was acquired by Daikin Industries, a global manufacturer of both commercial and residential air conditioning equipment based in Osaka, Japan. Daikin had annual sales of $13 billion in 2009. Daikin was named one

neg: Watsco importance over the past several years as a result of the aging of the installed base of residential central air conditioners and furnaces, the introduction of new higher energy efficient models, the remodeling and expansion of existing homes, the addition of central air conditioning to homes that previously had only heating products and consumers’ overall unwillingness to live without air conditioning or heating products. The mechanical life of central air conditioning and furnaces varies by geographical region due to usage and ranges from approximately 8 to 20 years. According to data published by the Energy Information Administration, there are approximately

neg: Scroll compressor capacity control, normally down to 20% of the full flow, can suffer from a significant loss of efficiency especially toward the lower range of the capacity control. Scroll compressor A scroll compressor (also called "spiral compressor", scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant. It is used in air conditioning equipment, as an automobile supercharger (where it is known as a scroll-type supercharger) and as a vacuum pump. Many residential central heat pump and air conditioning systems and a few automotive air conditioning systems employ a scroll compressor instead of the more traditional rotary,

neg: Science and technology of the Han dynasty an axis while remaining vertically positioned. However, the first explicit mention of the gimbal used as an incense burner occurred around 180 CE when the artisan Ding Huan created his 'Perfume Burner for use among Cushions' which allowed burning incense placed within the central gimbal to remain constantly level even when moved. Ding had other inventions as well. For the purpose of indoor air conditioning, he set up a large manually operated rotary fan which had rotating wheels that were in diameter. He also invented a lamp which he called the 'nine-storied hill-censer', since it was shaped as a hillside.

neg: Leonard L. Northrup Jr. in manufacturing window units. Northrup married Jane Keliher and started a family in Dallas, where he designed and built one of the first single-family houses in the United States with central air conditioning. He founded a company to install air conditioning in residential and commercial buildings. With a Marketing Plan from G F Sweetman (CEO of American Awards Co), he became one of largest suppliers of Curtis Mathes fans and compressors in the nation. He also developed a company to manage, install, update, and clean air filtration systems. In the late 1960s, Northrup bought a controlling interest in Donmark Corporation,

neg: Thermal expansion valve so does the pressure in the bulb and therefore on the spring causing the valve to close. An air conditioning system with a TX valve is often more efficient than other designs that do not use one. A thermal expansion valve is a key element to a heat pump; this is the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air conditioning occurs. The cycle starts when refrigerant enters

neg: Post Brothers Apartments space. In January 2016, Goldtex received Philadelphia's first LEED Gold-level certification for a residential high-rise with Green building features such as 100% wind-generated power, Energy Star rated appliances, highly-efficient heating and air conditioning system balancing demand throughout the building. Goldtex has a close proximity to Center City, Philadelphia and had previously been a shoe factory built in 1905. Shortly after the announcement of the building project, the company was criticized by several local unions as the project was offered to non-union contractors. In 2012, Post Brothers purchased a historic four-building, known as the Presidential City Apartments. After renovations are complete

neg: Solar air conditioning Solar air conditioning Solar air conditioning refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through passive solar, solar thermal energy conversion and photovoltaic conversion (sunlight to electricity). The U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 created 2008 through 2012 funding for a new solar air conditioning research and development program, which should develop and demonstrate multiple new technology innovations and mass production economies of scale. Solar air conditioning might play an increasing role in zero-energy and energy-plus buildings design. In the late 19th century, the most common fluid for absorption cooling was

neg: Duct leakage testing Duct leakage testing A duct leakage tester is a diagnostic tool designed to measure the airtightness of forced air heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) ductwork. A duct leakage tester consists of a calibrated fan for measuring an air flow rate and a pressure sensing device to measure the pressure created by the fan flow. The combination of pressure and fan flow measurements are used to determine the ductwork airtightness. The airtightness of ductwork is useful knowledge when trying to improve energy conservation. Duct leakage testers are used in residential single family, residential multi-family, and commercial buildings that have a forced

neg: International Comfort Products Corporation North American distribution system in the industry. Independent wholesalers sell residential and light commercial products to installers in the replacement and renovation sectors and to contractors in new construction. ICP became a wholly owned subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation in 1999. Before this event happened, ICP was known as Inter-City Products. In October 2002, ICP became an exclusive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of Kenmore brand residential, central heating and cooling equipment for Sears, Roebuck and Company. International Comfort Products Corporation International Comfort Products Corporation (ICP) is a company that designs, manufactures and markets central air conditioning (HVAC) systems, gas and

neg: Roseomonas aeriglobus grow in pH 4.0-9.0. Roseomonas aeriglobus Roseomonas aeriglobus is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pink-colored bacterium. The bacteria were first isolated from a laboratory air-conditioning system in South Korea, and proposed as a new species in 2017. "Aeriglobus" was chosen from the Latin "aer" (air) and "globus" (a sphere), to reference the shape of the bacteria, and that they were found in an air-conditioning system. Another species of "Roseomonas", "R. aerofrigidensis", was also isolated from an air conditioner. The optimum growth temperature for "R. aeriglobus" is 25-30°C, but can grow in the 10–30°C range. The optimum pH

neg: Roseomonas aeriglobus Roseomonas aeriglobus Roseomonas aeriglobus is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pink-colored bacterium. The bacteria were first isolated from a laboratory air-conditioning system in South Korea, and proposed as a new species in 2017. "Aeriglobus" was chosen from the Latin "aer" (air) and "globus" (a sphere), to reference the shape of the bacteria, and that they were found in an air-conditioning system. Another species of "Roseomonas", "R. aerofrigidensis", was also isolated from an air conditioner. The optimum growth temperature for "R. aeriglobus" is 25-30°C, but can grow in the 10–30°C range. The optimum pH is 6.0-7.0, and can

neg: Allandale, Austin, Texas Nasco Dr to the North played a unique role in proving that indoor air conditioning could be affordable and feasible in middle class homes. The experimental Air Conditioned Village sponsored by the National Association of Home Builders and studied by scientist at not only the University of Texas, but the US Department of Energy, opened in 1954 to assess the effects of air-conditioning on middle class residential design. Some of the development's original 22 homes are still standing and tell a fascinating story about how this small section of the Allandale played a pivotal role in bringing indoor air conditioning

neg: Scroll compressor Scroll compressor A scroll compressor (also called "spiral compressor", scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant. It is used in air conditioning equipment, as an automobile supercharger (where it is known as a scroll-type supercharger) and as a vacuum pump. Many residential central heat pump and air conditioning systems and a few automotive air conditioning systems employ a scroll compressor instead of the more traditional rotary, reciprocating, and wobble-plate compressors. A scroll compressor operating in reverse is known as a scroll expander, and can be used to generate mechanical work from the expansion

neg: Automobile air conditioning plastic tubes mounted on the rear window package shelf as on GM cars, small ducts directed cool air toward the ceiling of the car where it filtered down around the passengers instead of blowing directly on them, a feature that modern cars have lost. Cadillac, Buick, and Oldsmobile added air conditioning as an option on some of their models in the 1953 model year. All of these Frigidaire systems used separate engine and trunk mounted components. In 1954, the Nash Ambassador was the first American automobile to have a front-end, fully integrated heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. The Nash-Kelvinator corporation

neg: Willis Carrier increasing industrial production in the summer months, air conditioning revolutionized American life. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped start the great migration to the Sunbelt. The company became a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation in 1980. The Carrier Corporation remains a world leader in commercial and residential HVAC and refrigeration. In 2007, the Carrier Corporation had sales of more than $15 billion and employed some 45,000 people. Carrier and all three of his wives, (Claire Seymour, d. 1912; Jennie Martin, d. 1939; Elizabeth Marsh Wise, d. 1964), are buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New

neg: Milam Building Milam building's air-conditioning and cooling system consisted of 11 units of air-conditioning equipment, including fans, dehumidifiers, heaters. There were two refrigeration units with a maximum 375-ton capacity for cooling water, in addition to water storage tanks, pumps, and piping. The distribution lines consisted of air-distribution ducts with grills and dampers. There were manual and automatic power systems that controlled the air-flow. One air-conditioning unit served two floors, with a few exceptions. The majority of the equipment was located in the basement of the building. This early air conditioner system was modeled from a German mine shaft compressor. Large ice chunks

neg: Willis Carrier Willis Carrier named Chairman of the Board. The Great Depression slowed residential and commercial use of air conditioning. The company spread out over four cities in New Jersey and Pennsylvania until Carrier consolidated and moved his company to Syracuse, New York, in 1937. The company became one of the largest employers in central New York. Willis Carrier's igloo in the 1939 New York World's Fair gave visitors a glimpse into the future of air conditioning, but before it became popular, World War II began. During the post-war economic boom of the 1950s, air conditioning began its tremendous growth in popularity.

neg: Wrightsoft Wrightsoft Wrightsoft is a software development firm for the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) community. Established in 1985, Wrightsoft has served residential, commercial, and educational markets by providing HVAC design, specification, and sales software. Wrightsoft is headquartered in Lexington, Massachusetts, USA. In 1985, while conducting a graduate HVAC seminar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Bill Wright entered into a partnership with the Air Conditioning Contractors of America to design software for HVAC Manual J load calculations. As the original technical software partner of ACCA, Wrightsoft Corp became the first HVAC software company to create a computerized version

neg: Solar air conditioning stored and used when the sun is not shining. The Audubon Environmental Center at the Ernest E. Debs Regional Park in Los Angeles has an example solar air conditioning installation, which failed fairly soon after commissioning and is no longer being maintained. The Southern California Gas Co. (The Gas Company) is also testing the practicality of solar thermal cooling systems at their Energy Resource Center (ERC) in Downey, California. Solar Collectors from Sopogy and Cogenra were installed on the rooftop at the ERC and are producing cooling for the building’s air conditioning system. Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates

neg: Automobile air conditioning refrigerant flowing through the system. The compressor can be driven by the car's engine (e.g. via a belt, often the serpentine belt, and an electromagnetically actuated clutch; an electronically actuated variable displacement compressor can also be always directly driven by a belt without the need of any clutch and magnet at all) or by an electric motor. In a modern automobile, the A/C system will use around 4 horsepower (3 kW) of the engine's power, thus increasing fuel consumption of the vehicle. Automobile air conditioning Automobile air conditioning (also called A/C) systems use air conditioning to cool the air in

neg: Vent-Axia Vent-Axia Vent-Axia is a British manufacturer of ventilation, heating and air conditioning equipment. Located in Manor Royal, Crawley, West Sussex. The company has been operating since 1936, when the company invented the world's first electronically operated window fan. The company was originally incorporated on 28 January 1933, and as Vent-Axia Limited private company on 4 April 1936, to produce and sell ventilation equipment. During World War II, the company was scheduled under the "Essential Works Orders", and most of the output was for government departments or government contracts. In May 1946, the company acquired a new factory in Putney with

neg: Truma (company) he will be heading Research & Development and Supply Chain Management. In the same year Truma receives the Top Job award, making it one of the best employers in German SMEs. As a manufacturer of leisure products for recreational vehicles Truma offers heating and air conditioning systems, hot water boilers, maneuvering systems, gas pressure regulators, a fuel cell and products for energy and gas supply. The Truma iNet system digitally networks all iNet-capable devices, such as heaters and air conditioning systems, allowing these to be controlled per smartphone when on the go. Truma iNet System Heaters Air conditions Manoeuvering systems

neg: Triathlon (heat pump) vapor-compression refrigeration cycle and was unique in its use of an internal combustion engine to drive the compressor. York is now a unit of Johnson Controls. Triathlon (heat pump) The York Triathlon was a heat pump system for residential and small business heating and air conditioning introduced circa 1997. Unlike a conventional heat pump or air conditioner where the compressor is driven by an electric motor, the Triathlon was driven by a natural gas fueled 5 horsepower Briggs and Stratton engine. Maintenance requirements included annual changes of the oil and spark plugs on the engine. This equipment is no longer

neg: Jaguar XJ (XJ40) wheel. The glovebox was removed on later cars because of the space occupied when the passenger-side airbag was introduced. Some XJ40s bound for the United States were fitted with automatic seat belts. The base XJ6 of the model range was modestly equipped; extra-cost options included alloy wheels, anti-lock brakes, air conditioning, leather upholstery, and an automatic transmission. The exterior featured two pairs of circular headlamps and black powder-coated window frames. The Sovereign model came equipped with significantly more features than the base XJ6. Included was air conditioning, headlamp washers, a six-speaker sound system, rear self-levelling suspension (SLS), anti-lock braking system,

neg: Ice storage air conditioning chillers can be just 40 - 50% of the size needed for a conventional design. Ice storage sufficient to store half a day's rejected heat is usually adequate. A full storage system minimizes the cost of energy to run that system by entirely shutting off the chillers during peak load hours. The capital cost is higher, as such a system requires somewhat larger chillers than those from a partial storage system, and a larger ice storage system. Ice storage systems are inexpensive enough that full storage systems are often competitive with conventional air conditioning designs. The air conditioning chillers' efficiency

neg: International Comfort Products Corporation International Comfort Products Corporation International Comfort Products Corporation (ICP) is a company that designs, manufactures and markets central air conditioning (HVAC) systems, gas and oil furnaces for use in homes and commercial buildings headquartered in Lewisburg, Tennessee, United States. ICP is a United Technologies subsidiary (and part of its Carrier operating unit). ICP makes oil and gas furnaces, heat pumps, and central air-conditioning systems for residential and commercial customers. It manufacturers, markets, and sells residential heating and cooling systems under the Arcoaire, Comfortmaker, Day & Night, Heil, KeepRite, Lincoln, and Tempstar brands; its commercial units, with up to 25 tons

neg: Geo Prizm wagon (and the availability of a hatchback early on). The third generation Prizm also featured a Delphi air conditioning system instead of the Corolla's Denso air conditioning system. The Prizm along with its Geo siblings suffered severe sales loss when the brand denomination changed from Geo to Chevrolet in 1998. The Geo models outsold the rebadged Chevrolets three to one. All Prizms are powered by engines from their contemporary Toyota Corolla models: Geo Prizm The Geo/Chevrolet Prizm (Chevrolet Prizm starting 1998) was a compact car derived from the Japanese domestic market Toyota Sprinter, itself a version of the Toyota Corolla,

neg: Han dynasty Ding created a manually operated rotary fan used for air conditioning within palace buildings. Ding also used gimbals as pivotal supports for one of his incense burners and invented the world's first known zoetrope lamp. Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer cart, invented during Han, measured journey lengths, using mechanical figures banging drums and gongs

neg: Triathlon (heat pump) Triathlon (heat pump) The York Triathlon was a heat pump system for residential and small business heating and air conditioning introduced circa 1997. Unlike a conventional heat pump or air conditioner where the compressor is driven by an electric motor, the Triathlon was driven by a natural gas fueled 5 horsepower Briggs and Stratton engine. Maintenance requirements included annual changes of the oil and spark plugs on the engine. This equipment is no longer offered. Although it burned natural gas, it should not be confused with absorption cycle cooling which is a heat-driven technology. The Triathlon units utilized the conventional

neg: Air conditioning that can distribute the heated refrigerant to the ground for cooling. In the most general sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of technology that modifies the condition of air (heating, (de-)humidification, cooling, cleaning, ventilation, or air movement). In common usage, though, "air conditioning" refers to systems which cool air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC. Since prehistoric times, snow and ice were used for cooling. The business of harvesting ice during winter and storing for use in summer became popular towards the late 17th century. This practice was

neg: Idle speed is customarily between 600 and 1000 rpm. For medium and heavy duty trucks, it is approximately 600 rpm. For many single-cylinder motorcycle engines, idle speed is set between 1200 and 1500 rpm. Two-cylinder motorcycle engines are often set around 1000 rpm. If the engine is operating a large number of accessories, particularly air conditioning, the idle speed must be raised to ensure that the engine generates enough power to run smoothly and operate the accessories. Most air conditioning-equipped engines have an automatic adjustment feature in the carburetor or fuel injection system that raises the idle when the air conditioning is

neg: Deep water source cooling ambient. This process uses electrical energy. Unlike residential air conditioners, most modern commercial air conditioning systems do not transfer heat directly into the exterior air. The thermodynamic efficiency of the overall system can be improved by utilizing evaporative cooling, where the temperature of the cooling water is lowered close to the wet-bulb temperature by evaporation in a cooling tower. This cooled water then acts as the heat sink for the heat pump. Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. Because heat pump efficiency improves as

neg: Airedale International Air Conditioning dawn of a new technological era. Alan and Peter who both worked for Calverley based Thermatank barely knew each other, but met by chance, at Leeds Bradford International Airport when their flights were delayed. The two got talking and decided to set up Airedale Air Conditioning in June 1974. Airedale Air Conditioning manufactures its first precision air conditioning unit and condenser unit, the VA5 and CU5. 1976 – Airedale exports to its first overseas client in the Netherlands. The business relocates to Clayton Wood Rise on the Leeds Ring Road – the building is still known as Airedale House. 1979

neg: Solar power in India ambient temperature, and no partial shading effect. These factors enhance the performance and reliability (fire safety) of thin-film panels. Maximum solar-electricity generation during the hot hours of the day can be used for meeting residential air-conditioning requirements regardless of other load requirements, such as refrigeration, lighting, cooking and water pumping. Power generation of photovoltaic modules can be increased by 17 to 20 percent by equipping them with a tracking system. Residential electricity consumers who are paying higher slab rates more than per unit, can form in to local groups to install collectively roof top off-grid solar power units (without much

neg: Sustainable automotive air conditioning from January 2011 onwards. To comply with the legislation, carmakers have to decide today on a new refrigerant, as they typically need 3–4 years to develop and introduce a new car platform including the air conditioning system. (It would take much less time to design merely a new air conditioning system to install in a new version of an existing model.) The current total value of the car air conditioning market is estimated to be $14.5 billion in 2007. The Alliance for CO Solutions and its supporters agree that the refrigerant CO is: CO Technology requires the design of completely

neg: Simpson College School, and the YMCA Tide swim team. Simpson offers a variety of residential housing options, including two first year-only residence halls, other traditional residence halls, apartment-style living, theme houses and an active Greek system. All Simpson living facilities include air conditioning, lofted beds, carpet, furniture, social lounges and wireless internet. The college had an endowment of $78.6 million as of February 10, 2017. Simpson's curriculum includes more than 70 majors, minors, and pre-professional programs. Coursework is structured in a 4-4-1 format, with classes running Sept.-Dec. and Jan.-Apr. before the 3 week May Term. This provides students with many unique learning

neg: Incandescent light bulb even when properly white-balanced, the color reproduction will not be perfect. For a given quantity of light, an incandescent light bulb produces more heat (and thus consumes more power) than a fluorescent lamp. In buildings where air conditioning is used, incandescent lamps' heat output increases load on the air conditioning system. While heat from lights will reduce the need for running a building's heating system, in general a heating system can provide the same amount of heat at a lower cost than incandescent lights. Halogen incandescent lamps have higher efficacy, which will allow a halogen light to use less power

neg: Air conditioning against his invention. Dr. Gorrie died impoverished in 1855, and the dream of commonplace air conditioning went away for 50 years. James Harrison's first mechanical ice-making machine began operation in 1851 on the banks of the Barwon River at Rocky Point in Geelong, Australia. His first commercial ice-making machine followed in 1853, and his patent for an ether vapor compression refrigeration system was granted in 1855. This novel system used a compressor to force the refrigeration gas to pass through a condenser, where it cooled down and liquefied. The liquefied gas then circulated through the refrigeration coils and vaporized again,

neg: Air conditioning less efficient equipment, and setting system operating setpoints too cold can result in reduced worker productivity. In addition to buildings, air conditioning can be used for many types of transportation, including automobiles, buses and other land vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. Air conditioning is common in the US, with 88% of new single-family homes constructed in 2011 including air conditioning, ranging from 99% in the South to 62% in the West. In Canada, air conditioning use varies by province. In 2013, 55% of Canadian households reported having an air conditioner, with high use in Manitoba (80%), Ontario (78%), Saskatchewan

neg: MSC Divina improving fuel consumption. Energy savings from innovative technology was introduced significantly reducing greenhouse gas production. Energy saving LED lighting is used throughout the ship. In the cabins an average energy saving of 25% is achieved. A simple system automatically switches all energy using devices off in the cabins, such as the main light, bathroom light, socket-outlets and hair dryers whenever the cabin is empty. A Cabin Monitoring System regulates air conditioning in all cabins allowing guests to set their own cabin temperature. Centralized air-conditioning control is replaced with local cabin control significantly reducing energy waste. The control extends to when

neg: Julius Jeffreys to Calcutta, where he was assigned to duties at the General Hospital. Hearing of the beneficial climate of the remote hill station of Simla (Shimla), Julius obtained a leave of absence and visited the outpost in 1824. While in Simla, Julius wrote an article "Climate of the Hill Provinces (of the Himalayas), and its Connexion with Pathology". The article resulted in the establishment of additional Himalayan hill stations, and his promotion to staff surgeon in the army camp at Cawnpore (Kanpur). While at Cawnpore he invented several air-conditioning systems, including an evaporation cooling system which he termed the refrigerator. He

neg: Automobile air conditioning used in 1938. With a single thermostatic control, the Nash passenger compartment air cooling option was "a good and remarkably inexpensive" system. The system had cold air for passengers enter through dash-mounted vents. Nash's exclusive "remarkable advance" was not only the "sophisticated" unified system, but also its $345 price that beat all other systems. Most competing systems used a separate heating system and an engine-mounted compressor, driven by the engine crankshaft via a belt, with an evaporator in the car's trunk to deliver cold air through the rear parcel shelf and overhead vents. General Motors made a front-mounted air conditioning

neg: Fare of passenger trains in China the air-conditioning system is centralized powered by locomotive or special power generation (KD) car. The price of passenger with insurance, sleeper-up, air-conditioning and sleeper tickets of a train with "new-type" air-conditioning system is 50% higher than normal trains, or 80% higher if it is a deluxe sleeper. The price of an air-conditioning ticket is rounded to ¥1. Any sleeper ticket is charged an extra ¥10.00 than the above formulas. If the distance is shorter than 400 km, 400 km is charged. The price of a sleeper ticket is rounded to ¥1. Rounded to ¥1.00. The rate-making distance is rounded up

neg: Fare of passenger trains in China than 20 km, 20 km is charged. Insurance of 2% of a hard seat fare, or ¥0.0011722/km, is required for every passenger. The final price of a passenger ticket with insurance is calculated as: There are three classes by speed: If the distance is shorter than 100 km, 100 km is charged. The price of a speed-up ticket is rounded to ¥1. Fare of an air-conditioning ticket equals to 25% of fare basis, or ¥0.0146525 per kilometer. If a train has an air-conditioning system, air-conditioning ticket is required. As of 2009, almost all trains have a "new-type" air-conditioning system, that

neg: Dedicated outdoor air system Dedicated outdoor air system A dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is a type of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system that consists of two parallel systems: a dedicated system for delivering outdoor air ventilation that handles both the latent and sensible loads of conditioning the ventilation air, and a parallel system to handle the (mostly sensible heat) loads generated by indoor/process sources and those that pass through the building enclosure. Traditional HVAC systems, such as variable air volume (VAV) systems serving multiple zones, have potential problems in terms of poor thermal comfort and possible microbial contamination. Depending on the environment

neg: Pearl of the Orient Tower the Manila Yacht Club. Among the building's features are 3 high speed elevators for residential floors, 2 high speed elevators for the office and commercial floors, and 1 high speed service elevator for the entire building. The building also has Video Phone Communicating System for residents; Centralized Air Conditioning System at Commercial and Office Areas; built-in CATV cable system; telephone lines; emergency power generator, and individual mail boxes. The building also has a helicopter landing pad at the roofdeck. The building's amenities include the City Club at the 13th floor, which includes a swimming pool and a kiddie pool, game

neg: Chrysler Hemi engine With these improvements, the Challenger SRT Demon is rated at 808 horsepower on 91-octane pump gasoline, and 840 horsepower when running on 100-octane unleaded racing gasoline. Cooling is aided by a functional Air-Grabber hood scoop, as well as a unique charge cooling system which makes use of the air-conditioning coolant to lower the intake charge air temperature. High-speed launches are assisted by a factory line-lock system, which allows the car to perform a burnout to warm the rear tires, the first transmission brake to be installed in a production car, and the Torque Reserve Launch System. Applications: Chrysler displayed a

neg: Air conditioning in the United States use air conditioning and 65% of those homes have central air conditioning. Most of the homes with central air conditioning have programmable thermostats, but approximately two-thirds of the homes with central air do not use this feature to make their homes more energy efficient. Alternatives to continual air conditioning can be used with less energy, lower cost, and with less environmental impact. These include: In an automobile, the A/C system will use around 4 horsepower (3 kW) of the engine's power, thus increasing fuel consumption of the vehicle. The selection of the working fluids (refrigerants) has

neg: Larry Cuba the film had to be delivered on Monday. Cuba turned down the air conditioning before going to sleep on a bed in the computer room. On a lark, he ran it one last time and then went to sleep. That time it managed to run through the night and completed successfully. It was later realized the air conditioning had been too high. Of the two minutes of film produced on the system, about 40 seconds appear in the movie, back projected into the scene. As of 2017, the original system was still operational. First Fig (1974) Created at the Jet

neg: HVAC HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers). HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and

neg: Smell-O-Vision "Behind the Great Wall", a travelogue through China made by Italian director Carlo Lizzani, accompanied by a process called "AromaRama" to send scents through the air-conditioning system of a theater. The particular technique was invented by Charles Weiss, a public relations executive, whose reputation was gained creating special news-making events in New York City, the most competitive market in the United States. His appearance on "To Tell the Truth", included his affidavit as read by host Bud Collyer. Originally aired November 5, 1959 and rebroadcast on Game Show Network on March 19, 2009.</ref> who stated in a 1959 appearance on

neg: Airedale International Air Conditioning – Airedale moves to Park Mills, Rawdon, West Yorkshire. 1982 – In May 1982, Airedale Air Conditioning changed its name to Airedale International Air Conditioning Ltd. to reflect its growing export business. AIAC South Africa was formed in Johannesburg to manufacture precision air conditioning systems. 1984 – First UK manufacturer to develop a water cooling industrial chiller the ACC. 1994 – First manufacturer to use R407C refrigerant in both chillers and precision air conditioning units. 2003 – First precision air conditioning manufacturer in Europe to introduce electronic expansion valves to their product. 2005 – Airedale bought by US firm Modine,

neg: AAON on a new R&D lab in Tulsa on February 25, 2016. At the time, AAON was also expanding its manufacturing facility nearby. The research lab will reportedly cost US $33 million, and will be ready in 2019. Its subsidiary, AAON Coil Products manufactures a variety of heating/cooling products, as well as, coils used in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry and provides coils to AAON as well as to other customers. AAON AAON Inc. () designs, manufactures and sells semi-custom heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment (HVAC) for commercial and residential use. Primarily, it "makes and sells air