query: raised line markers on the roadway and shoulder are used to define

pos: Raised pavement marker and dangerous sections of the road. In the United States, Canada, and Australia, these plastic devices commonly have two angled edges facing drivers and containing one or more corner reflector strips. In areas where snowplowing is frequent, conventional markers are placed in a shallow groove cut in the pavement, or specially designed markers are used which include a protective metal casting that is embedded in recesses in the pavement, allowing the marker to protrude slightly above the pavement surface for increased visibility, much like a cat's eye. The marker is generally held in place using butyl pads, epoxy glue, or

neg: Shoulder (road) shoulder is separated by a solid white line, and the left-hand shoulder (if the road is one-way, such as part of a divided highway) is separated from the leftmost through lane by a solid yellow line. On many roads, the lines are supplemented by reflective raised pavement markers or rumble strips placed every few feet in order to provide additional visual and tactile feedback to drivers crossing the lines. Normally, driving in the shoulder lane is forbidden, but in the case of traffic blockage in some jurisdictions, use of the shoulder may be allowed for the purpose of reaching an

neg: Raised pavement marker Raised pavement marker A raised pavement marker is a safety device used on roads. These devices are usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint or occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors. Raised reflective markers include a lens or sheeting that enhances their visibility by retroreflecting automotive headlights. Some other names for specific types of raised pavement markers include convex vibration lines, Botts' dots, delineators, cat's eyes, road studs, or road turtles. Sometimes they are simply referred to as "reflectors". The surface of this type of vibrating coating line is distributed and scattered with raised bumps.

neg: Shoulder (road) force, it is mandatory wear a high visibility jacket when dismounting from the vehicle stopped on emergency lane. Normally one is not allowed to drive on the shoulder but in case of traffic block, use of the shoulder is allowed to reach an exit if the exit is within 500 meters. In France, roadway shoulders are usually wide, or wide when the roadway carries more than 2000 vehicles/day. The main difference from other European countries is that the white line is dashed, typically long with gaps long. The design is intended to provide a guide for drivers to maintain a

neg: Hybridoma technology which is helpful in identifying different types of leukaemias. In addition, specific monoclonal antibodies have been used to define cell surface markers on white blood cells and other cell types. This led to the cluster of differentiation series of markers. These are often referred to as CD markers and define several hundred different cell surface components of cells, each specified by binding of a particular monoclonal antibody. Such antibodies are extremely useful for fluorescence-activated cell sorting, the specific isolation of particular types of cells. With the help of monoclonal antibodies, tissues and organs can be classified based on their expression

neg: Rumble strip intersection, toll booth or similar hazard. They may cross the entire road from shoulder to shoulder, or they may only be in the wheel paths. Shoulder and centerline rumble strips are used to reduce lane departure crashes. Centerline rumble strips are used on undivided highways to reduce cross-over incidents and resultant head-on collisions. Shoulder rumble strips are used primarily to reduce run-off-road collisions. They alert distracted or drowsy drivers that they are leaving the roadway or crossing the centerline of the road. In this application, they are narrower and outside of the wheelpaths. There are several different ways to install

neg: Georgia State Route 520 normally used on state Route markers. Some markers also feature the small abbreviation "CORR Z" near the top of the state outline, though this practice is being phased out. All of SR 520 from the Alabama state line to at least the eastern intersection with US 17/SR 25 near Jekyll Island is part of the National Highway System (NHS), a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility and defense. The roadway that would eventually become SR 520 was established in 1920 as SR 1 from Columbus to Cusseta, SR 32 from Dawson to

neg: Rumble strip alone and both total and fatal+injury crashes compared to centerline rumble strips alone. However, it appeared that shoulder rumble strips do not further reduce head-on+sideswipe-opposite-direction crashes than applying centerline rumble strips in isolation. CLRS are applied to multiple lane highways to help prevent vehicles from drifting into the adjacent lane and possibility colliding with an overtaking vehicle. These are typically a raised reflective system. Transverse rumble strips (TRS) may be used to warn drivers: of the need to stop (e.g. intersections, toll plazas); the need to slow down; the need to change lanes; of a change in roadway alignment; that

neg: Line marker side. Referencing exit markers are asymmetrical so can be used to show the direction which the diver came from. They are personal markers, and should not be used by others to judge the suitability of a route as the practicability of an exit may depend on the size of the diver and the equipment carried. Originally hand made from available materials. Commercially marketed line markers are commonly injection-moulded plastic and are available in a few colours. Small variations in size and shape allow personal markers to be identified more easily, and unique markings may be added by the user. Line

neg: Haplogroup K1a1b1a (mtDNA) population and others who fall under the K1a1b1a subclade. A new study and recent updates to the mtDNA tree uses three markers to define K1a1b1a, (114), 10978 and 16234. The marker 12954 along with the previous three markers mentioned, are used to define a new mtDNA subclade called K1a1b1a1. This new group consists of people who are either Ashkenazi or of non Ashkenazi European ancestry. 10% of Europeans fall under the K haplogroup. It is hypothesized that the subclade represents one of four major founding maternal lineages ("founding mothers") of Ashkenazi Jews which together account for 45% of all Ashkenazi

neg: HeLa "in vitro" cancer research using cell lines. Further HeLa cells have also been used to define cancer markers in RNA, and have been used to establish an RNAi Based Identification System and Interference of Specific Cancer Cells. HeLa was shown in 2014 to be viable cell line for tumor xenografts in C57BL/6 nude mice, and was subsequently used to examine the "in vivo" effects of Fluoxetine and cisplatin on cervical cancer. The HeLa cell line was derived for use in cancer research. These cells proliferate abnormally rapidly, even compared to other cancer cells. Like many other cancer cells, HeLa cells

neg: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups In human population genetics, Y-Chromosome haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa. Men in the same haplogroup share a set of differences, or markers, on their Y-Chromosome, which distinguish them from men in other haplogroups. These UEPs, or markers used to define haplogroups, are SNP mutations. Y-Chromosome Haplogroups all form "family trees" or "phylogenies", with both branches or sub-clades diverging from a common haplogroup ancestor, and also with all haplogroups themselves linked into one family tree which traces back ultimately to the most

neg: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012 2013 2014 Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups In human population genetics, Y-Chromosome haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa. Men in the same haplogroup share a set of differences, or markers, on their Y-Chromosome, which distinguish them from men in other haplogroups. These UEPs, or markers used to define haplogroups, are SNP mutations. Y-Chromosome Haplogroups all form "family trees" or "phylogenies", with both branches or sub-clades diverging from a common haplogroup ancestor,

neg: Raised pavement marker pelican crossings is marked out by a series of markers. Usually these are painted as squares on the road but occasionally a metal stud is used. These are usually square and made from unpainted steel or aluminium. Delineators are tall pylons (similar to traffic cones or bollards) mounted on the road surface, or along the edge of a road, and are used to channelize traffic. These are a form of raised pavement marker but unlike most such markers, delineators are not supposed to be hit except by out-of-control or drifting vehicles. Unlike their smaller cousins, delineators are tall enough to

neg: Distance line Jump and gap spools are used to bridge gaps between two permanent guide lines. Line length is generally about Safety spools are used in emergencies such as line breaks, searches for a lost guideline or lost diver. They generally carry about of line, and one should be carried by each diver. They are not intended for use under an overhead except in an emergency. Line markers are used for orientation as a visual and tactile reference on a permanent guideline. Directional markers (commonly arrows), are also known as line arrows or Dorff arrows, and point the way to an exit.

neg: Cluster of differentiation ), indicating an overall variability in CD expression, particularly when compared to other cells being studied. A review of the development of T cells in the thymus uses this nomenclature to identify cells transitioning from CD4/CD8 double positive cells to CD4/CD8. Since 1982 there have been nine Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshops culminating in a conference The CD system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophenotyping, allowing cells to be defined based on what molecules are present on their surface. These markers are often used to associate cells with certain immune functions. While using one CD molecule to define

neg: Interstate Highway System one- or two-digit Interstates, the mile marker numbering almost always begins at the southern or western state line. If an Interstate originates within a state, the numbering begins from the location where the road begins in the south or west. Exceptions exist for Interstate Highways that used segments of roadway that were built prior to Interstate Highway standards being formalized and were grandfathered into the system. Three-digit Interstates with an even first number that form a complete circumferential (circle) bypass around a city feature mile markers that are numbered in a clockwise direction, beginning just west of an Interstate that

neg: Raised pavement marker impact not only a vehicle's tires but the vehicle body itself. They usually contain one or more retroreflective strips. They can be round and open in the center or curved (45-degree sections) of plastic with a reflective strip. They are also used in low reflective markers in a "T" shape. They can also be used to indicate lane closures as in cases where the number of lanes is reduced. The name "delineator" is also used for reflective devices attached to other objects which are technically not pavement markers. Raised pavement marker A raised pavement marker is a safety device used

neg: Line marker pioneers, and later, a few hundreds of the handmade markers were sold through Branford Dive Center in North Florida. Soon they became very popular and today are commonly used by underwater cave explorers. Line markers are generally used on permanent guidelines to provide critical information to divers following the line. The slots and notches provided are used to wrap the line to secure the marker in place. A simple passage of the line through the enlarged area at the base of the two slots will allow the marker to slide along the line, or even fall off if brushed by

neg: Keystone Markers today's PennDOT. The proliferation of the familiar blue-and-yellow, cast iron Keystone Markers popularized Pennsylvania's reputation as the "Keystone State". While Pennsylvania once claimed thousands of Keystone Markers, approximately 600 remain. The loss of the Markers prompted Preservation Pennsylvania, the Commonwealth's statewide heritage preservation advocacy organization, to include the Keystone Markers among their most endangered resources in 2011. Keystone Markers associated with towns are the most common of the survivors. In each municipality where the markers were installed, at least two were put up, one on each end of town along the principal roadway. If a town was at the intersection

neg: Botts' dots the markers. Botts' dots are most commonly white but may be yellow when used to substitute for the yellow lines that divide opposing directions of traffic in North America. The dots are made of various ceramic materials or plastics like polyester. On some roads, lanes are marked only with a mix of Botts' dots and conventional reflective markers, eliminating the need to repaint lane divider lines. Botts' dots are rarely used in regions with substantial snowfall, because snow plows damage or dislodge them. Caltrans engineers may have studied the concept of raised pavement markers as early as 1936. However, the

neg: Paragroup Paragroup Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers. In human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, paragroups are typically represented by an asterisk (*) placed after the main haplogroup. The term "paragroup" is a portmanteau of the terms paraphyletic haplogroup indicating that paragroups form paraphyletic subclades. Apart from the mutations that define the parent haplogroup, paragroups may not possess any additional unique markers. Alternatively paragroups may possess unique markers that have not been discovered. If a unique marker is discovered within a paragroup, the specific lineage is

neg: Diver communications of a diver who has passed along the line and has not yet returned to that point. They are attached to the line in the same way as cave arrows, and are deployed on the way into the cave, usually at critical points such as forks or jumps, and are used to indicate to other divers that someone is further in along the line. They are marked to identify the diver, and are recovered by the diver on the way out. Cookies (round markers), rectangular referencing exit markers and clothes pegs are used for this purpose. The round and rectangular

neg: Brown Line (Pittsburgh) South Hills Junction, climbing upwards to Haberman and East Warrington Avenue. It continued along Warrington in an easterly direction until turning left onto Arlington Avenue, where it followed the sharply curving street northwards, over the shoulder of Mount Washington. At the intersection of McArdle Roadway it swung onto private right-of-way to reach the Panhandle Bridge (also used by the Red and Blue Lines) to cross the Monongahela River and gain entry to downtown, stopping at First Avenue, Steel Plaza, Wood Street, and Gateway Center. The entire line operated within the city of Pittsburgh. Brown Line (Pittsburgh) The Brown Line (formerly

neg: Trail blazing are used where blazes are unsuitable. In 1902 the miners of Idaho created and marked the Three Blaze "shortcut" Trail with a series of three distinctive blazes cut on the trees, usually with an axe, to define the specific route to the Thunder Mountain Mines of Central Idaho. Alternatively, more long lasting plastic, metal or even sometimes wooden markers may be affixed to trees, usually with nails. The placement of these markers requires more skill and labor than paint, as well as an area with an abundant supply of trees to which to attach them. Surveyor's tape hung from branches

neg: Diver navigation In cave (and occasionally wreck) diving, line markers are used for orientation as a visual and tactile reference on a permanent guideline. Directional markers (commonly arrows), are also known as line arrows or Dorff arrows, and point the way to an exit. Line arrows may mark the location of a "jump" location in a cave when two are placed adjacent to each other. Two adjacent arrows facing away from each other, mark a point in the cave where the diver is equidistant from two exits. Arrow direction can be identified by feel in low visibility. Non-directional markers ("cookies") are purely

neg: Botts' dots Botts' dots Botts' dots are round non-reflective raised pavement markers. Botts' dots may also be called turtles (Washington and Oregon) or buttons (Texas and other southern states). In many parts of the US and other countries, Botts' dots are used, along with reflective raised pavement markers, to mark lanes on highways and arterial roads. They provide tactile and auditory feedback to drivers when moving across designated travel lanes, and are analogous to rumble strips. Botts' dots are named after Elbert Dysart Botts, a California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) engineer credited with overseeing the research that led to the development of

neg: Botts' dots dry weather but permits a plow blade to travel across the reflector without dislodging it, with no special protective castings needed. Botts' dots Botts' dots are round non-reflective raised pavement markers. Botts' dots may also be called turtles (Washington and Oregon) or buttons (Texas and other southern states). In many parts of the US and other countries, Botts' dots are used, along with reflective raised pavement markers, to mark lanes on highways and arterial roads. They provide tactile and auditory feedback to drivers when moving across designated travel lanes, and are analogous to rumble strips. Botts' dots are named after

neg: Lincoln Highway (Omaha) the Omaha Public Power District, and there is a reconstructed pony truss bridge over the West Papillion Creek. There are seven historical markers lining the roadway, including a monument was erected by the Elkhorn Lincoln Highway Diamond Jubilee Committee in 1987. It includes an historic plaque and two replica 1928 Lincoln Highway markers. The city of Omaha proposed an approximately $633,000 plan to enhance the roadway with a paved trail to the south of the highway and informational kiosks. This would be the farthest west trail in Omaha, although it would not connect with any other trails in the city.

neg: Myosatellite cell quiescent and activated human satellite cells can be identified by the membrane-bound neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM/CD56/Leu-19), a cell-surface glycoprotein. Myocyte nuclear factor (MNF), and c-met proto-oncogene (receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) are less commonly used markers. CD34 and Myf5 markers specifically define the majority of quiescent satellite cells. Activated satellite cells prove problematic to identify, especially as their markers change with the degree of activation; for example, greater activation results in the progressive loss of Pax7 expression as they enter the proliferative stage. However, Pax7 is expressed prominently after satellite cell differentiation. Greater activation also results in increased

neg: Diver communications Clipped to the diver by a lanyard is another method, but there is a greater risk of entanglement. Slates may be used to record information to be used on the dive, such as decompression schedules, to discuss matters of importance for which hand signals are not sufficient, and to record data collected during the dive. Waterproof paper wet-notes are a compact equivalent, and pre-printed waterproof data-sheets and clip-board are routinely used by scientific divers for recording observations. Cave arrows, Line arrows or Dorff markers (after Lewis Holtzendorff) are plastic arrowhead markers which are hooked onto a cave line by wrapping

neg: Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport the airport along Messer Airport Boulevard, travelers pass a series of white three dimensional triangular shapes placed on raised posts along the shoulder and median of the roadway with a mid-span folded crease to suggest the wings of birds in flight or aircraft. In the 1990s terminal there were multiple pieces of art that became well known to frequent visitors to the airport. However, with the terminal modernisation project, most of these pieces were replaced with new, more modern, and in some cases, technologically advanced works.There are two unique major artwork displays in the terminal, both of which are located

neg: Line marker Line marker In cave (and occasionally wreck) diving, line markers are used for orientation as a visual and tactile reference on a permanent guideline. Directional markers (commonly a notched acute isosceles triangle in basic outline), are also known as line arrows or Dorff arrows, and point the way to an exit. Line arrows may mark the location of a "jump" location in a cave when two are placed adjacent to each other. Two adjacent arrows facing away from each other, mark a point in the cave where the diver is equidistant from two exits. Arrow direction can be identified by

neg: Chronic myelogenous leukemia how early the disease was diagnosed as well as the therapies used. In the absence of treatment, the disease progresses to an accelerated phase. Precise patient staging based on clinical markers and personal genomic profile will likely prove beneficial in the assessment of disease history with respect to progression risk. Criteria for diagnosing transition into the accelerated phase are somewhat variable; the most widely used criteria are those put forward by investigators at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, by Sokal et al., and the World Health Organization. The WHO criteria are perhaps most widely used, and define the accelerated phase by

neg: Roman Milestones of Braga Roman Milestones of Braga The Roman Milestones of Braga () are a series of ancient road markers located in civil parish of Braga (Maximinos, Sé e Cividade), municipality of Braga in northern Portugal. The "Via de Braga a Guimarães" was constructed during the period of Romanization of the later-Portuguese territory. Specifically, during the first half of the 1st century, this roadway and associated rive raised bridges connected Guimarães and Bracara Augusta (Braga) then one of the most important urban nuclei in the region (called "Conventus Bracaraugustanus"). From 41 B.C. milestones were erected in Braga by masons in the function of

neg: Road surface marking leaves a symmetrical pattern of dash marks on the roadway, as if there were an associated meaning to the pattern. When there are many of them along the roadway, motorists may interpret the marks as an unknown form of mechanical markers or strange road surface markings. When roads are under construction and the lanes are shifted laterally, those marks may interfere with temporary lane markings. As the marks from the dowel bar retrofit are not intended to be any form of road surface markings, the responsible agencies try to make these marks less visible to the motorists. Paint, sometimes with

neg: Waveform graphics every following data point, which always consists of two characters. There is no need to type B in again, the string is modal and the current command remains B until another is encountered. That occurs when the H is encountered, and the following two characters are used to move the starting X location to the center of the screen. This is followed by a second line segment being drawn in graph 1 using the J. Two markers are then added, one on each line, centered along the segments. The line segments are 16 pixels wide and the markers are always

neg: Arkansas Highway 146 was created on June 23, 1965, designating a roadway located south of Holly Grove running east as a state highway. This route was extended to the Phillips County line on November 23, 1966. At the request of the Monroe County Judge, the highway was extended west to Lawrenceville on April 27, 1971, in exchange for a truncation of Highway 86 near Clarendon. The route was extended from the Phillips County line to Highway 39 at the request of the Phillips County Judge, in exchange for a truncation of Highway 44 on May 14, 1980. Mile markers reset at concurrencies. Highway

neg: Utah State Route 200 existed since at least 1937. Utah State Route 200 State Route 200 (SR-200) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. It serves to connect Lewiston's Center Street (SR-61) to the Idaho border. The roadway continues north past the state line into the city of Preston, Idaho. SR-200 begins eight blocks west of the city center of Lewiston along a roadway designated 800 West. Heading due north from Center Street (SR-61), SR-200 travels through rural farmland, only intersecting one street, 800 North, before reaching the Idaho state line. The shoulder of the highway is less than wide, thus

neg: Utah State Route 200 Utah State Route 200 State Route 200 (SR-200) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. It serves to connect Lewiston's Center Street (SR-61) to the Idaho border. The roadway continues north past the state line into the city of Preston, Idaho. SR-200 begins eight blocks west of the city center of Lewiston along a roadway designated 800 West. Heading due north from Center Street (SR-61), SR-200 travels through rural farmland, only intersecting one street, 800 North, before reaching the Idaho state line. The shoulder of the highway is less than wide, thus is not considered a bicycle

neg: The Amazing Race exact amount is not known, nor are the exact circumstances when it can be used known. Route Markers are uniquely colored flags that mark the places where teams must go. Most Route Markers are attached to the boxes that contain clue envelopes, but some may mark the place where the teams must go in order to complete tasks, or may be used to line a course that the teams must follow. The original Route Markers used in season one were colored yellow and white. They were changed to yellow and red in "The Amazing Race 2", which has remained the

neg: Shoulder (road) shoulders are always marked with a reflectorized solid white line which is wide and is provided with a rumble strip. A line of red cats' eyes is also used, and is placed to the side of the line. On many modern non-motorway roads, a "hard strip" is provided. These are usually wide, and are bounded by thinner solid white lines, and often without a rumble strip. The shoulder located on the side of Italy's highway is normally used as emergency lane in case of breakdown or is used by emergency vehicles in case of queues. According to the regulation in

neg: Surveying in North America amended or superseded. As the population grew and the land was explored, the state borders were defined, like the Mason–Dixon line, finalized in 1767. The Lewis and Clark Expedition included a preliminary survey of the features of the western united states, resulting in maps of geographical features. The current geodetic model of the earth used in the US is the North American Datum 1983, often called NAD83. The system is used to define horizontal co-ordinates of reference markers all over the US. Although created as a geocentric datum which originates at the center of the earth, more recent models of

neg: Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction safe to do so and after giving appropriate signal, drive completely off the roadway and onto the berm or shoulder of the highway. The driver may return to the roadway after giving appropriate signal only when the movement can be made in safety and so as not to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic." Drivers cannot be stopped by police for driving less than 6 mph over the posted speed limit (10 mph if the speed limit is less than 55 mph and non-radar timing devices are used, as use of radar devices is limited to "members of

neg: Wright Cemetery piers at the corners, and granite steps to access the plot. The most common early markers are slate, with a shoulder-arch form at the top. Eighteen of these markers appear, with dates from 1819 to 1854. Later in the 19th century marble markers became more common, with granite predominating in 20th century markers. The largest grave marker is a granite obelisk in height; it is for Joel Wright (1782-1834) The cemetery was formally authorized by the town as a private cemetery for the Wright family in 1837, but there are eight markers that predate this formality, including members of the

neg: Posting style and the continuation line may not have the proper marker. To avoid ambiguity in such cases, one may consider inserting blank lines after each block of quoted text: Quoted line markers are most commonly used in plain-text messages. In HTML messages, other devices may be used to indicate quoted text, such as HTML indentation elements like codice_9 or codice_10. A message often includes text from two or more messages exchanged in previous rounds of a long discussion. If an additional quotation marker is inserted at every round, without removing any existing markers, the number of markers at the beginning of

neg: Town Boundary Markers of Barnstable, Massachusetts Town Boundary Markers of Barnstable, Massachusetts The town of Barnstable, Massachusetts has four surviving stone markers that were used in colonial days to mark the town's boundaries with its neighbors. All four are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, three of them individually, and one as part of the Old King's Highway Historic District. Barnstable was established in 1639. On the south side of Race Lane, just west of Trotter's Lane, at , is a granite marker on the town line between Barnstable and Sandwich. The town line between these two towns was first laid out by the

neg: Paintball of a younger age. In the United States, eight states define explicit legislation for paintball guns. In Pennsylvania, paintball markers have transport requirements, cannot be used against anyone not participating in a paintball activity, and cannot be used for property damage. New Hampshire and Rhode Island require players be at least eighteen years of age to own a marker, with students in New Hampshire faced with the possibility of expulsion from school for possessing a marker. In Illinois, owners must be over the age of twelve and can only use their markers in private land or on safely constructed target

neg: M-185 (Michigan highway) generally accepted starting point is at the mile 0 marker placed in front of the Mackinac Island State Park Visitor Center. The highway uses wooden markers to measure miles instead of the common metal signage; these signs are erected by the MISPC, as MDOT does not install the standard state highway reassurance markers along this roadway. M-185 is one of only three state trunkline highways in Michigan on islands; the others are M-134 on Drummond Island and M-154 on Harsens Island. No part of M-185 has been listed on the National Highway System, a network of roadways important to the

neg: Shoulder (road) facilitating vehicle rollovers, if drivers accidentally drifted off the paved section of the road and then overreacted after hitting the gravel. Modern practice is to build a continuous paved shoulder whenever possible. The US Federal Highway Administration encourages the placement of a "Safety Edge" — a 30° compacted taper on the end of the pavement dropoff — to ensure that any driver running off the edge of the roadway is better able to maintain control while trying to steer back onto the roadway. The Safety Edge is effective on roads where the shoulder is narrow or nonexistent. To save money,

neg: Road surface marking machines. Most countries in North and South America have yellow lines separating traffic directions. However, Chile uses white lines. Generally speaking, Canadian pavement marking standards are consistent with those used throughout the United States. Yellow lines are used to separate traffic moving in opposite directions, and white lines are used to separate traffic moving in the same direction, and on the shoulders of paved roads. On one-directional roads, a yellow line appears on the left shoulder, and a white line on the right shoulder. Passing rules are denoted by dashed lines as in the United States. Orange painted lines are

neg: Forest Highway The forest highway system comprises approximately of roads. Forest highways are usually marked with markers of the style shown at right. To qualify for inclusion in the system, a roadway must "be wholly or partially within, or adjacent to, and serving the National Forest System" among other criteria. In the 1920s, forest highway was a class of federal aid, and could be used outside forests, as long as the projects improved access to the forests. Forest Highway Forest Highways or Forest Routes are a category of roads within United States National Forests. They are built to connect the national forests

neg: Arkansas Highway 175 continues east until Highway 175 splits north from the concurrency. Highway 175 runs north through a sparsely populated rural area toward Missouri. The highway runs northeasterly to the community of Sellers' Store before turning north along a section line road to terminate at Wirth. The roadway continues as Pleasant Run Road, with a gravel crossroad named Wirth Road. The terminus is from the Randolph County line and south of the Missouri state line. Mile markers reset at some concurrencies. Highway 175 Spur (AR 175, Ark. 175, Hwy. 175, and Iroquois Drive) is a spur route in Cherokee Village. The route

neg: OB marker the fact that OB markers may shift depending on the political climate, so a topic that was previously permissible may be banned in the future, and "vice versa". In 1999, George Yeo said that it is difficult to define exactly what the OB markers are in advance. "Straits Times" editor-in-chief Cheong Yip Seng found OB markers "bewildering", stating that topics deemed off-limits during his tenure included stories about a stamp dealer, carpet auctions, monosodium glutamate, feng shui and unflattering pictures of politicians. In 2003, a Remaking Singapore sub-committee, chaired by Raymond Lim, described OB markers as "action and speech that

neg: Run-off-road collision shoulder, and reducing the severity of those that do occur. Roadway cross section improvements include high friction overlays, improving curve banking, and widening shoulders or travel lanes. The intention is to help the driver to keep the car on the roadway. They are usually expensive unless included in a highway reconstruction project. A relatively inexpensive countermeasure is the placement of a "Safety Edge" — a 30° compacted taper on the edge of the pavement. This helps any driver that runs off the edge of the roadway to maintain control while trying to steer back onto the pavement. A vertical edge

neg: Controlled-access highway of the freeway. In some areas, there are public rest areas or service areas on freeways, as well as emergency phones on the shoulder at regular intervals. In the United States, mileposts start at the southern or westernmost point on the freeway (either its terminus or the state line). California, Ohio and Nevada use postmile systems in which the markers indicate mileage through the state's individual counties. However, Nevada and Ohio also use the standard milepost system concurrently with their respective postmile systems. California numbers its exits off of its freeways according to a milepost system but does not use

neg: Esplanade seaside resorts. A promenade, often abbreviated to '(the) prom', was an area where people – couples and families especially – would go to walk for a while in order to 'be seen' and be considered part of 'society'. In North America, "esplanade" has another meaning, being also a median (strip of raised land) dividing a roadway or boulevard. Sometimes they are just strips of grass, or some may have gardens and trees. Some roadway esplanades may be used as parks with a walking/jogging trail and benches. "Esplanade" and "promenade" are sometimes used interchangeably. The derivation of "promenade" indicates a place

neg: Town Boundary Markers of Barnstable, Massachusetts Street markers. It was listed on the National Register in 1987 as "Town Line Boundary Marker". The fourth marker is located on the north side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 6A) at the Barnstable-Yarmouth line (). Unlike the others, it is a boulder-shaped marker, on which "Y+B" has been carved, with a wavy line beneath. It is believed to have been placed in the 18th century. The marker is a contributing resource to the Old King's Highway Historic District. Town Boundary Markers of Barnstable, Massachusetts The town of Barnstable, Massachusetts has four surviving stone markers that were used in colonial

neg: Neuronal lineage marker born and migrates to regions of differentiation. As the progenitor migrates, it matures further until it reaches a site where it stops and either becomes quiescent or fully differentiates into a functioning cell. The major obstacle to identifying and discovering markers that define a stem cell is that the most primitive cells are probably in a quiescent state and do not express many unique antigens. Thus, as with other fields like haematopoiesis, a combination of positive and negative markers will be required to better define the central nervous system stem cell. Nonetheless, changes in the expression levels of specific molecules

neg: American Sign Language grammar discuss what happened to it. In English, we do this with passive clauses: "my cat was chased by the dog." In ASL, topics are used with similar effect: If the word order of the main clause is changed, the meaning of the utterance also changes: There are three types of non-manual topic markers, all of which involve raised eyebrows. The three types of non-manual topic markers are used with different types of topics and in different contexts, and the topic markings cannot spread over other elements in the utterance. Topics can be moved from and remain null in the main

neg: Inalienable possession of better describing the "alienability" of possession. In the case of Old Rapa, the possession particle, o, is used to define a possession relationship that was not initiated on the basis of choice. The possession particle, a, is defines possession relationships that are initiated through the possessor's control. The following list and classifications are literal examples provided by Mary Walworth, in her dissertation of the Rapa language. Words that are marked with the o possessive markers are nouns that are: However, Wilson's theory does fall short in properly categorizing a few miscellaneous items such as articles of clothing and furniture

neg: Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive roadway is in Glen Arbor Township, Leelanau County. !scope="col"|Mile !scope="col"|km !scope="col"|Number !scope="col"|Point of interest !scope="col"|Notes Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive The Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive is a scenic route within Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, in western Northern Michigan in the United States. The roadway, with its "scenic vistas and gentle curves", is located off state highway M-109 between Empire and Glen Arbor. It runs for through forest and dunes areas, providing access to scenic overlooks of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the surrounding park land. Interpretive markers along the roadway are keyed to the National Park Service's printed guide to

neg: Hampton Roads Beltway Chesapeake Bay. Once on the Southside, I-64 turns south through Norfolk, passing the eastern boundary of Naval Station Norfolk and Chambers Field, and the spur route supplying it, Interstate 564. It then becomes a six lane divided highway with a two lane reversible roadway in the middle, which is used for HOV-traffic during morning and afternoon rush hours. It continues through Norfolk, curving multiple times and eventually ending up heading due south as it passes the interchange with another of its spur routes, Interstate 264 on the northwest side of Virginia Beach. After I-264, there are no more directional markers

neg: Diver communications the line around the arrow through the slots. They are used to indicate the direction to the exit, and can be identified by feel. The message is simple, but of critical importance, as if a diver does not know which way to go at a line junction there is a risk of serious trouble. Line arrows are also used at a junction on the permanent line, and at a tie-off, so when the diver gets back to the tie-off, he or she can identify which way to turn. Non-directional and hybrid personal line markers are used to indicate the identity

neg: Ring, slide and hook they are the most commonly used ring shape now. Ring develops in more shapes nowadays like Rectangular, Triangular, Heart and even flower shape. 90° angles on Rectangular ring limited the angle of strap line on the shoulder. Strap won't be able to move outer or inner the shoulder. Triangular shape on Ring can be found on the petite size intimate garment while the wearer has narrow shoulder. The straps can line inner the shoulders and avoid the straps slide off from shoulder. More application on the Triangular Ring is on the Racer Back Bras for joining the straps to underband.

neg: Cat's eye (road) sections of the N11. Botts' dots (research started 1953, compulsory in California from 1966) and other raised carriageway markers perform a similar function in areas of the United States that receive little snowfall. In areas of the US receiving substantial accumulating snowfall that requires the use of snow removal equipment, recessed markers or those encased in protective metal are frequently used. In New Zealand, roads are generally marked with both Bott's dots and cat's eyes (generally there is one cat's eye followed by three Bott's dots places in every ten metre stretch of highway). The colour pattern on New Zealand

neg: Traffic simulation intersection will not be affected by the conditions of an adjacent roadway (with the exception of HCS 2000 Freeways). 'Rubbernecking' and long queues from one location interfering with another location would contradict this assumption. The HCM 2010 provides revised guidance on what types of output from traffic simulation software are most suitable for analysis in, and comparison to, the HCM for example vehicle trajectories and raw loop detector output. In the HCM delay is used to estimate the level of service (LOS) for intersections. However, there are distinct differences between the way microsimulation programs and the HCM define delay. The

neg: FDR Drive viaduct at 28th Street, followed by the northbound roadway at 30th Street, and the two roadways merge into a single structure at 32nd Street. At this point there is a two-lane shoulder on the left side of the northbound roadway, with one of the lanes cordoned off by a short concrete barrier. There is a provision for a southbound exit and northbound entrance at 30th Street, which was built in 1967 and would have connected to the Mid-Manhattan Expressway. However, after plans for the expressway were abandoned, this exit was never used, largely because there was already an exit four

neg: Lamborghini Reventón new, almost all the mechanical elements (including the engine) are sourced directly from the Murciélago LP640. According to the official press release, the Reventón's exterior styling was inspired by "the fastest airplanes". The Reventón is the name of a fighting bull, in line with Lamborghini tradition. The bull, raised by Don Heriberto Rodríguez, was best known for killing famed Mexican bullfighter Felix Guzmán in 1943. "Reventón" means "small explosion" or "burst" in Spanish, when used as a noun. In the vernacular, it is also used to define a very large party or a night in town. In automotive terms, it

neg: X-ray marker X-ray marker X-ray Markers, also known as: anatomical side markers, Pb markers, lead markers, x-ray lead markers, or radiographic film identification markers, are used to mark x-ray films, both in hospitals and in industrial workplaces (such as on aeroplane parts and motors). They are used on radiographic images to determine anatomical side of body, date of the procedure, and may include patients name. Most X-ray markers consist of a right and a left letter with the radiographer's initials. There are also available markers to indicate positioning of the body e.g. supine, or as to time when performing procedures such as

neg: Storm spotting time while they observe, causing congestion along the roadway. In some areas, parking on the shoulder is only allowed in emergency situations, and it is also believed that spotters pose a distraction to others driving. Most spotter groups do support parking on the shoulder as long as it can be safely done and there is no other alternative. Many spotters have found ways to stay off the roadway altogether by parking in parking lots, driveways (when allowed), or field roads. The use of amber lights to alert drivers that a spotter vehicle is parked is controversial. Light bars and strobe

neg: Bicycle law in California on-road position for all vehicles, including bicycles. 21650(g) clarifies that bicycles are not prohibited from riding on sidewalks or crosswalks but does allow for local ordinance to prohibit such operation. It is not illegal for bicycles to ride on the sidewalk in a direction opposing the flow of traffic. However, doing so is quite dangerous. CVC 21650.1 clarifies that cyclists, unlike drivers of vehicles, are generally not prohibited from riding on the shoulder of the road. Cyclists are allowed but never required to ride on the shoulder. CVC 530 defines the "roadway" as "that portion of a highway improved, designed,

neg: Miami-Dade Expressway Authority either the southern or western end of the expressway). These markers are placed on the edge of the shoulder every 0.2 miles along the expressway. The Gratigny Parkway has two of these (Mile Markers 5.0 and 5.2) on a surface street near Opa-locka on Northwest 119th Street just east of the end of its easternmost ramp). Prior to the removal of free movement sections, on portions of a MDX route where no tolls are ahead, the TOLL in the green section of the TOLL shield was removed. State Road 112, locally known as Airport Expressway is a 4-mile-long east–west expressway

neg: X-ray marker an Intravenous pyelogram. It has been suggested that radiographic markers are a potential fomite for harmful bacteria such as MRSA, and that they should be cleaned on a regular basis; this, however, is not always done. X-ray marker X-ray Markers, also known as: anatomical side markers, Pb markers, lead markers, x-ray lead markers, or radiographic film identification markers, are used to mark x-ray films, both in hospitals and in industrial workplaces (such as on aeroplane parts and motors). They are used on radiographic images to determine anatomical side of body, date of the procedure, and may include patients name. Most

neg: Subsea Marker after several years of submersion under water. Subsea markers are typically used to identify the following equipment and the equipment placed on them: Alternative uses are for marking fish like sharks and whales. Subsea markers could also be used in sewage systems or to mark shipwrecks for divers. Subsea Marker Subsea markers are passive identification markers used under water to identify equipment. As sub sea equipment may be covered in underwater growth like seaweed, kelp and algae, special non-fouling materials are necessary for equipment marking to ensure these are readable even after prolonged periods of submergence. Subsea markers are made

neg: Morningside/Lenox Park state had cleared to build the highway. In the late 1980s, an MLPA committee led by David Robertson undertook a "monumental" project on behalf of their neighborhood. They decided to duplicate the Lenox Park marker at 878 Plymouth Road. Built in the 1920s, it was the only monument that remained intact. The committee raised enough funds to repair six existing markers and build 12 new ones. As the Winter 1989 MLPA Newsletter noted: "The new monuments will help define and unify the Morningside-Lenox Park area and will help focus attention on intown residential living and show our 'pride of place.'

neg: Treadwell gold mine with the stipulation that it be maintained as a historic site. Under the management of the Treadwell Historic Preservation & Restoration Society there are recreation trails with markers identifying various locations. Another portion of the property is leased to a zip line operator. Directly above the cave-in site is a concrete pad where the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities places a 105mm howitzer, which is fired across Gastineau Channel at a shoulder of Mount Roberts to break up avalanches before they get so big as to pose a danger to Thane Road and residences there. Treadwell gold mine

neg: Raised pavement marker mounted in a cast-iron housing. They generally come in a variety of colors. They have enjoyed widespread usage in the British Isles and elsewhere around the world. Nonreflective raised pavement markers (also known as Botts' dots) are usually round, are white or yellow, and are frequently used on highways and interstates in lieu of painted lines. They are glued to the road surface with an epoxy and as such are not suitable in areas where snow plowing is conducted. They are usually made out of plastic or ceramic materials. In the UK, the area in which pedestrians should cross at

neg: Liefkenshoektunnel bores, each of which contains a two-lane roadway: each lane is 3.75 metres wide and the bores also include a hard shoulder. The tunnel can be used by vehicles up to 5.10 metres tall and, where exceptional loads need to be transported through it, up to 7.50 metres wide. Escape doors on the right side of each bore give access to emergency exit corridors. These are separate from the ventilation and drainage ducts. The tunnel was constructed in eight preformed sections, each one 142 metres long, in a temporarily created dry dock nearby in what is now the location of

neg: Lincoln Highway in Greene County, Iowa here by James E. Moss, who farmed the land and was an ardent supporter of the Lincoln Highway. Moss was a Civil War veteran who lost a foot at Missionary Ridge. He had these identical markers erected in 1926 as memorials to Abraham Lincoln, whom he considered "one of our greatest citizens." They are concrete structures created by Harold Carlisle of Jefferson, and are capped by a concrete bust of Abraham Lincoln. The original busts were broken off and have been replaced. An "L" is stamped on the shoulder of the base, and "J.E. Moss" stamped on front. Similar markers

neg: University Boat Race Stones University Boat Race Stones The University Boat Race Stones are two small stone markers on the southern bank of the River Thames in west London, one 129m upstream of Putney Bridge and the other at Mortlake, 112m downstream of Chiswick Bridge. The stones define the start and finish points of the Championship Course (4 miles and 374 yards (6,779 m) from Putney to Mortlake, as measured along the centre of the river). The course is used for rowing races including the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, Women's Boat Race, Head of the River Race and other races. The stones are

neg: University Boat Race Stones marked "U.B.R" for University Boat Race. The coordinates for the stones are: University Boat Race Stones The University Boat Race Stones are two small stone markers on the southern bank of the River Thames in west London, one 129m upstream of Putney Bridge and the other at Mortlake, 112m downstream of Chiswick Bridge. The stones define the start and finish points of the Championship Course (4 miles and 374 yards (6,779 m) from Putney to Mortlake, as measured along the centre of the river). The course is used for rowing races including the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, Women's Boat

neg: California State Route 67 California Chamber of Commerce. During 1964, the county of San Diego received $1 million (about $ in dollars) to construct SR 67 as a freeway from Pepper Drive to Broadway in the city of El Cajon. Another $1 million (about $ in dollars) was allocated in 1965, and the project was extended to I-8. The freeway from I-8 to Pepper Drive was complete by 1967, when Caltrans announced that "yellow, non-reflectorized markers interspersed with raised yellow dots" would be installed on the freeway portion to delineate the shoulder; this was the first section to use them in the county. By

neg: Traffic count passing along a given roadway. The device is usually deployed in near proximity to the roadway and uses an on-road medium, such as pneumatic road tubes laid across the roadway, piezo-electric sensors embedded in the roadway, inductive loops cut into the roadway, or a combination of these to detect the passing vehicles. Pneumatic road tubes are generally used for temporary studies to study a sample of traffic, while piezo-electric sensors and inductive loops are used for permanent studies which can ascertain seasonal traffic trends and are often used in congestion monitoring on major roads. One of the first traffic counting

neg: DNA database material, such as markers that identify various genetic diseases, physical and behavioral traits, could be used for discriminatory profiling and its collection may constitute an invasion of privacy. Also, DNA can be used to establish paternity and whether or not a child is adopted. Nowadays, the privacy and security issues of DNA database has caused huge attention. Some people are afraid that their personal DNA information will be let out easily, others may define their DNA profiles recording in the Databases as a sense of "criminal", and being falsely accused in a crime can lead to having a "criminal" record

neg: Fiducial marker markers at known locations in a subject, the relative scale in the produced image may be determined by comparison of the locations of the markers in the image and subject. In applications such as photogrammetry, the fiducial marks of a surveying camera may be set so that they define the principal point, in a process called "collimation". This would be a creative use of how the term collimation is conventionally understood. Some barcode readers can estimate the translation, orientation, and vertical depth of a known-size barcode relative to the barcode reader. Some sets of fiducial markers are specifically designed to

neg: Forbes Road is located along US 22, east of Murrysville. In Cumberland County, there are markers along US 11 southwest of Carlisle and one mile northeast of Shippensburg. In Fulton County, there is a marker along US 522, southwest of Burnt Cabins. Forbes Road markers have also been erected in Allegheny, Bedford, and Somerset counties. Forbes Road The Forbes Road was a historic military roadway in what was then British America, that was constructed in 1758 from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, to the French Fort Duquesne at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh, via Fort Littleton,

neg: The Amazing Race (Latin America) citizens in Latin America except Cuba, French Guiana, Puerto Rico and Lesser Antilles (except for Aruba, Curaçao and Trinidad and Tobago). Additionally, teams from Jamaica and the Bahamas can participate. Route Markers are yellow and red flags that mark the places where teams must go. Most Route Markers are attached to the boxes that contain clue envelopes, but some may mark the place where the teams must go in order to complete tasks, or may be used to line a course that the teams must follow. The route markers in the first two seasons were coloured blue and black, including

neg: Coco (robot) of the head to the body are used for transmitting codes for movements and reactions. Coco is a fifteen DOF (degrees of freedom) quadruped with gorilla-like proportions. DOF is the number of independent conditions that define Coco's arrangement. The DOF are located all throughout the robot. There are two DOF per hind leg, one on the hip, another at the knee, three in each front limb, two on the shoulder, and one on the elbow. The head has an additional five DOF for the movement of the object. Coco can change postures and its vestibular system allows it to have

neg: Prismacolor colorless, wax pencil used overtop of the colored layer to aid in the color cohesion. Verithin pencils come in 36 assorted colors. They feature 0.7 mm lead, which matches their hexagonal barrel. They can be bought in cardboard packs of 12, 24, and 36. They are meant to be utilized for finer details and outlining. The line of markers Prismacolor produce are illustrating markers.The common method for using Prismacolor markers is to apply the colors in layers. The different tips allow for the color to be applied in various ways on the application being worked on. Artists use varying colors

neg: Brig o' Doon raised to purchase the old bridge back, and the trustees of the new bridge decided to quarry somewhere else. The line of the cobbles in the roadway is cranked, due to the belief that this pattern would stop witches from crossing. It is used as the setting for the final verse of the Robert Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter". In this scene Tam is on horseback and is being chased by Nannie the witch. He is just able to escape her by crossing the bridge (over a running stream), narrowly avoiding her attack as she is only able to grab

neg: Radiation reduced hybrid If the hybrid incorporates genes from both cells, it will be able to survive in the toxic media. The cells that survive can be grown in large quantities, thus amplifying the DNA that was incorporated from the irradiated cell line. One can prepare a sample of DNA from the hybrid cell line and use PCR to amplify two specific genetic markers. By running the PCR products on a gel, one can determine if both markers are in the cell line. If both markers are usually in the hybrid, we can conclude that they are near each other. Radiation reduced hybrid

neg: Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive The Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive is a scenic route within Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, in western Northern Michigan in the United States. The roadway, with its "scenic vistas and gentle curves", is located off state highway M-109 between Empire and Glen Arbor. It runs for through forest and dunes areas, providing access to scenic overlooks of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the surrounding park land. Interpretive markers along the roadway are keyed to the National Park Service's printed guide to the drive. Over 80,000 vehicles make the trip, in addition to bicyclists, hikers and skiers

neg: U.S. Route 31 in Michigan 1912, and the group reorganized on May 30, 1913, as the West Michigan Pike Association. Their auto trail was marked by a series of concrete markers tall along the roadway from the Indiana state line northward to Mackinaw City. The highway was also a part of the Western Mainline of the Dixie Highway in Michigan, another auto trail that was built starting in 1915. In 1916, the northern junction between the West Michigan Pike and the East Michigan Pike, which served as the connection for the two mainlines of the Dixie Highway in Michigan in Mackinaw City, was marked with

neg: Shoulder pads (fashion) made their way back into the mainstream market. By 2010 many retailers like Wal-Mart had shoulder pads on at least half of all women's tops and blouses. Shoulder pads (fashion) Shoulder pads are a type of fabric-covered padding used in men's and women's clothing to give the wearer the illusion of having broader and less sloping shoulders. In the beginning, shoulder pads were shaped as a semicircle or small triangle, and were stuffed with wool, cotton or sawdust. They were positioned at the top of the sleeve, to extend the shoulder line. A good example of this is their use

neg: Gee (navigation) vulnerable to both ground fire and attacking fighters. After some discussion, it was decided the best course of action would be to return to night bombing, which had been the primary concept earlier in the 1930s. This raised the need for better landing aids, and for night navigation aids in general. Dippy refined his system for this purpose, and formally presented a new proposal on 24 June 1940. The original design used two transmitters to define a single line in space, down the runway centerline. In his new concept, charts would be produced illustrating not only the line of zero-difference,

neg: Botts' dots providing some of the tactile feedback the Botts' dots provided. In California, highway lanes may be marked either solely by Botts' dots, or dots placed over painted lines. Four dots are used for broken lines on freeways, and broken lines on surface streets may use only three dots. Reflective Stimsonite pavement markers are placed at regular intervals between Botts' dots to increase the visibility of lane markings at night. In the Las Vegas area of southern Nevada, roads with multiple lanes use four pavement markers for each broken white line, a reflective Stimsonite marker followed by three Botts' dots. More

neg: Boulevard Périphérique the Heliport of Paris. Because the Boulevard was built over the old Thiers Wall, its entrance/exit ramps and interchanges coincide with the city gates, or "portes" in that wall. The road crosses the River Seine via bridges upstream at Charenton/Bercy and downstream at Saint-Cloud/Issy. Small distance markers are distributed evenly alongside the roadway: The roadway varies in elevation: The Boulevard Périphérique can carry the heaviest vehicles allowed by French regulations. There is a height restriction of 4.75 metres (15 feet, 8 inches). The Boulevard Périphérique is equipped with speed cameras to enforce the 70 km/h (45 mph) speed limit. The

neg: Linear referencing maps or printed maps is not as economical as simply stating locations as offsets, or ranges of offsets, along a linear feature. Linear referencing systems can also be made to be both very precise and very accurate at a much lower cost than is needed to collect latitude and longitude coordinates with high accuracy, especially when the goal is sub-meter accuracy. This is highly dependent upon the width of the linear feature, its centerline, and the visibility of the landmarks and markers that are used to define linear reference offsets. Often, roads are created by engineers using CAD tools that

neg: Fly (exercise) muscle of the shoulder. The movement starts with the arms straight, and the hands holding weights at the sides or in front of the body. Body is in a slight forward-leaning position with hips and knees bent a little. Arms are kept straight or slightly bent, and raised through an arc of movement in the coronal plane that terminates when the hands are at approximately shoulder height. Weights are lowered to the starting position, completing one "rep". When using a cable machine the individual stands with the coronal plane in line with the pulley, which is at or near the