query: where does the term c section come from

pos: Caesarean section Caesarean section Caesarean section, also known as C-section, or caesarean delivery, is the use of surgery to deliver babies. A caesarean section is often necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. This may include obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, or problems with the placenta or umbilical cord. A caesarean delivery may be performed based upon the shape of the mother's pelvis or history of a previous C-section. A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed

pos: Symphysiotomy of the symphysis under local anaesthesia. This procedure should be carried out only in combination with vacuum extraction. Symphysiotomy in combination with vacuum extraction can be a life-saving procedure in areas of the world where caesarean section is not feasible or immediately available. Since this procedure does not scar the uterus, the concern of future uterine rupture that exists with cesarean section is not a factor. The procedure carries the risks of urethral and bladder injury, fistulas, infection, pain, and long-term walking difficulty. Symphysiotomy should, therefore, be carried out only when there is no safe alternative. It is advised that

neg: Dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations that share the same monarch, the phrase "Commonwealth realm" has come into common usage instead of "Dominion" to differentiate the Commonwealth nations that continue to share the monarch as head of state (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Jamaica, etc.) from those that do not (India, Pakistan, South Africa, etc.). The term "Dominion" is still found in the Canadian constitution where it appears numerous times, but it is largely a vestige of the past, as the Canadian government does not actively use it ("see Canada section"). The term "realm" does not appear in the Canadian constitution. The

neg: Displacement current that completed Maxwell's equations and is necessary to explain many phenomena, most particularly the existence of electromagnetic waves. The electric displacement field is defined as: where: Differentiating this equation with respect to time defines the "displacement current density", which therefore has two components in a dielectric:(see also the "displacement current" section of the article "current density") The first term on the right hand side is present in material media and in free space. It doesn't necessarily come from any actual movement of charge, but it does have an associated magnetic field, just as a current does due to charge motion.

neg: Function prototype Function prototype In computer programming, a function prototype or function interface is a declaration of a function that specifies the function's name and type signature (arity, data types of parameters, and return type), but omits the function body. While a function definition specifies "how" the function does what it does (the "implementation"), a function prototype merely specifies its interface, i.e. "what" data types go in and come out of it. The term function prototype is particularly used in the context of the programming languages C and C++ where placing forward declarations of functions in header files allows for splitting a

neg: Tax protester statutory arguments Code section 3401(c) does not include a regular, private-sector employee. The courts have uniformly rejected this argument. The text of section 3401(c), which deals only with the employer's withholding requirements and not with the employee's requirement to report Internal Revenue Code section 61 compensation for personal services (whether called wages, salaries, or any other term), is as follows: In "Sullivan v. United States", taxpayer Grant W. Sullivan argued that he had not received "wages" and was not an "employee" under Internal Revenue Code section 3401(c). The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit ruled against Sullivan, stating: In

neg: 1231 property is offset against capital gains of those years. When carrying a C corporation's capital loss back or forward, the loss does not retain its character as short-term or long-term. In other words, the loss is treated as a short-term capital loss even if it was originally a long-term capital loss. Section 1231 does not reclassify property as a capital asset. Instead, it allows the taxpayer to treat net gains on 1231 property as capital gains, but to treat net losses on such property as ordinary losses. Congress has decided not to let this "best of both worlds" treatment give taxpayers

neg: Anti-circumvention press for activities using consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing products. Critics of the DMCA have often noted the absence of an explicit exception for circumvention to enable fair use. Section 103(c)(1) of the DMCA (17 U.S.C. Sec. 1201 (c)(1)) does state that [n]othing in this section shall affect rights, remedies, limitations, or defenses to copyright infringement, including fair use, under this title. However, a violation of the anti-circumvention provisions of the DMCA is not itself copyright infringement and therefore it is unclear whether fair use can be raised as a defense in circumvention cases. Courts have come out both ways

neg: Gun laws in North Carolina county recreational facilities that are specifically identified by the unit of local government. If a unit of local government adopts such an ordinance with regard to recreational facilities, then the concealed handgun permittee may lawfully secure the handgun in a locked vehicle within the trunk, glove box," etc. "NCGS § 14-415.23 Statewide uniformity" identifies 'recreational facilities' specifically as: "(c) For purposes of this section, the term "recreational facilities" includes only the following: (d) For the purposes of this section, the term "recreational facilities" does not include any greenway, designated biking or walking path, an area that is customarily used as

neg: Bairn Bairn Bairn is a Scots, Scottish English, and Northern English term for a child. It originated in Old English as "bearn", becoming chiefly Scottish c. 1700. Cain bairns are children seized by witches and warlocks as tribute for the devil. Examples of the term's use include the phrase "Jock Tamson's Bairns" as an idiomatic expression of egalitarian sentiment and the title of the 19th century Geordie folk song "Come Geordie ha'd the bairn." "Baloo Baleerie", a traditional Scottish lullaby, incorporates the term repeatedly, as does "The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry", a traditional folk song from Orkney. The UK named

neg: Multicategory multilinear operator, that is a linear transformation from the tensor product "X" ⊗ "X" ⊗ ... ⊗ "X" to "Y". More generally, given any monoidal category C, there is a multicategory whose objects are objects of C, where a morphism from the C-objects "X", "X", ..., and "X" to the C-object "Y" is a C-morphism from the monoidal product of "X", "X", ..., and "X" to "Y". An operad is a multicategory with one unique object; except in degenerate cases, such a multicategory does not come from a monoidal category. Examples of multiorders include "pointed multisets" , "integer partitions" ,

neg: Constant term Constant term In mathematics, a constant term is a term in an algebraic expression that has a value that is constant or cannot change, because it does not contain any modifiable variables. For example, in the quadratic polynomial the 3 is a constant term. After like terms are combined, an algebraic expression will have at most one constant term. Thus, it is common to speak of the quadratic polynomial where "x" is the variable, and has a constant term of "c". If "c" = 0, then the constant term will not actually appear when the quadratic is written. It is

neg: Powers of the police in Scotland of: The power to direct traffic exists under many road traffic laws, regulations and orders. The prominent powers come from the Road Traffic Act 1988 with section 35 requiring drivers to comply with instructions from a constable when that constable is engaged in the regulation of traffic in a road. Further to this, section 37 creates an offence where a pedestrian does not comply with an instruction from a constable in uniform to stop and continues to proceed across or along the carriageway, when that constable is engaged in the regulation of vehicular traffic in a road. Section 49 of

neg: Name of Canada Act, which refers only to "Canada". Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act also declares that: and this has been interpreted to mean that the name of the country is simply "Canada". No constitutional statute amends this name, and the subsequent Canada Act 1982 does not use the term "dominion". However, the Canadian constitution includes the preceding BNA Acts, where the term is used; also, the Canada Act 1982 does not state that Canada is not a dominion. Official sources of the United Nations system, international

neg: Abelian and tauberian theorems method, in which "L" is defined as the limit of the arithmetic means of the first "N" terms of "c", as "N" tends to infinity. One can prove that if "c" does converge to "C", then so does the sequence ("d") where To see that, subtract "C" everywhere to reduce to the case "C" = 0. Then divide the sequence into an initial segment, and a tail of small terms: given any ε > 0 we can take "N" large enough to make the initial segment of terms up to "c" average to at most "ε"/2, while each term in

neg: Creation of express trusts in English law simply to change the trustees, this does not fall under Section 53(1)(c) and requires no specific formalities. Simply disclaiming a beneficial interest does not fall within Section 53(1)(c), as in "Re Paradise Motor Co". Nominating somebody to receive benefits of a pension fund should the pensioner die is also not a valid disposition, as in "Re Danish Bacon Co Ltd Staff Pension Fund", and neither is nominating a beneficiary under a life insurance policy, as in "Gold v Hill". Where a beneficiary declares he is holding the property on behalf of another, this would be the creation of a sub-trust

neg: South African labour law the Labour Relations Act 1995 protects employees against a "failure or refusal of an employer to reinstate or re-employ a former employee in terms of any agreement." The wording is almost exactly the same as that in section 186(d), which deals with dismissal. Unlike section 186(2)(d), however, section 186(2)(c) does not deal with termination of employment; nor does it state that there must be an offer of re-employment to some employees and no offer in respect of others. Furthermore, section 186(2)(d) does not refer to an agreement; section 186(2)(c) does. Any occupational detriment an employee may suffer due to the

neg: C-pop C-pop C-pop is an abbreviation for Chinese popular music (), a loosely defined musical genre by artists originating from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Others come from countries where the Chinese language is used by a large number of the population, such as Singapore and Malaysia. C-pop is sometimes used as an umbrella term covering not only Chinese pop but also R&B, ballads, Chinese rock, Chinese hip hop and Chinese ambient music, although Chinese rock branched off as a separate genre during the early 1990s. There are currently three main subgenres within C-pop: Cantopop, Mandopop and Minnan Pop. The

neg: Richard C. Rudolph the Chinese section of the U.S. Navy Language School at the University of Colorado, where he worked with Ensho Ashikaga and Y. C. Chu, lifelong friends who would later come to UCLA, and where he met Mary Alice Potter, his wife of fifty-nine years. From 1945 to 1947, he served as Acting Director of and Assistant Keeper of Far Eastern Antiquities at the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology (where he was hired by Bishop William White), an experience that instilled in him a lasting love of ancient books, calligraphy, paintings, and artifacts. Offered his choice in 1947 of either a

neg: Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is recognized as an activity protected under section 2(b). This includes advertising and any other similar means of expression used to sell goods and services. In fact, even false or misleading advertising is protected. The value of the expression does not come into play until the section 1 analysis. The protection of commercial expression was first established in "Ford v Quebec (AG)", where the Court struck down a Quebec law requiring all signs to be exclusively in French. This was soon followed by "Irwin Toy", where the Court found that Quebec law prohibiting advertising to children to violate section 2(b)

neg: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 the overt acts by which it was implemented – that it was implemented in that particular way so as to avoid tax. If you cannot so predicate, but have to acknowledge that the transactions are capable of explanation by reference to ordinary business or family dealing ... then the arrangement does not come within the section. A somewhat different stream of interpretation was established in "Keighery v FCT" (1957) where a taxpayer who made a choice between alternatives explicitly offered by the legislation (in that case a public versus private company) did not come under section 260. This was called

neg: Largo al factotum Largo al factotum "" (Make way for the factotum) is an aria from "The Barber of Seville" by Gioachino Rossini, sung at the first entrance of the title character; the repeated "Figaro"s before the final patter section are an icon in popular culture of operatic singing. The term "factotum" refers to a general servant and comes from Latin where it literally means "do everything". <score>{ \clef bass \time 6/8 c'4.( c'8)\noBeam d'\noBeam b c'8 d'\noBeam b c'\noBeam d'\noBeam b c'8 r r e'4. e8 </score> Due to the constant singing of triplets in 6/8 meter at an allegro tempo, the

neg: All the Things You Are in the composition during this section, it is important to note the relationship of the F#º chord to E major. Without the technique of modal mixture, the use of major tonalities and minor tonalities simultaneously, E minor & E major, the F# would have been simply minor and introduced an additional pitch, C# to the harmony.) The first 5 measures of A are identical to the initial 8 measure long A and A sections. In the 6th measure, A takes a new path that does not come to an end until the 12 measure of the section. The modulations in

neg: Ages of consent in Oceania twenty-one years, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years; (c) In any other case, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years. (2) This offence is complete upon penetration. (3) Where sodomy is committed on any person under the age of fifteen years he shall not be charged with being a party to that offence, but he may be charged with being a party to an offence against section 154 of this Act in say case to which that section is applicable. (4) It is no defence to a charge under this section that the other party

neg: Pemberton v. Tallahassee Memorial Regional Center When a doctor she had approached about a related issue at the Tallahassee Memorial Regional Center found out, he and the hospital sued to force her to get a c-section. The court held that the rights of the fetus at or near birth outweighed the rights of Pemberton to determine her own medical care. She was physically forced to stop laboring, and taken to the hospital, where a c-section was performed. Her suit against the hospital was dismissed. The court held that a cesarean section at the end of a full-term pregnancy was here deemed to be medically necessary by

neg: Polygamy in the United Kingdom against the Person Act 1828 for England and Wales, which replaced section 1 of the Bigamy Act 1603 (1 Jac 1 c 11). This section replaces section 26 of the Act 10 Geo. 4 c. 34 for Northern Ireland. Subsequent case law has allowed exceptions for cases where the defendant believes on reasonable grounds that their first spouse is dead or that the marriage has been dissolved. Bigamy is triable either way. A person guilty of bigamy is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a

neg: Name mangling stack frame padding, "etc." also cause differing C++ implementations to be incompatible. Further, requiring a particular form of mangling would cause issues for systems where implementation limits (e.g., length of symbols) dictate a particular mangling scheme. A standardised "requirement" for name mangling would also prevent an implementation where mangling was not required at all — for example, a linker which understood the C++ language. The C++ standard therefore does not attempt to standardise name mangling. On the contrary, the "Annotated C++ Reference Manual" (also known as "ARM", , section 7.2.1c) actively encourages the use of different mangling schemes to prevent

neg: Fisheries law representations made or suggested in the labeling. In regards to the AquAdvantage salmon, the FDA has stated:"Based on our assessments of food derived from the AquAdvantage Salmon, we have determined that the term “Atlantic salmon” is the appropriate common or usual name for such food within the meaning of section 403(i) of the FD&C Act because AquAdvantage Salmon meets FDA’s regulatory standard for Atlantic salmon (Ref. 10) and the composition and basic nature of food from AquAdvantage Salmon does not significantly differ from its non-GE counterpart—non-GE farm-raised Atlantic salmon. In addition, we have determined that food derived from AquAdvantage Salmon

neg: South African labour law failure to inform the employee properly about required performance standards, and the failure by an employer to afford the employee reasonable guidance, evaluation, training, counselling and instruction. An employer may commit an unfair labour practice through unfair conduct relating to the provision of benefits. This provision, contained in section 186(2)(a) of the Labour Relations Act 1995, does not appear to be problematic, but it has been beset by considerable uncertainties regarding the interpretation of "benefits." Early decisions of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration attached a wide meaning to the term "benefits." The problem is complicated by section 65(1)(c)

neg: Zobel network should maintain the balance. For this reason, balanced versions of Zobel networks are sometimes required. This is achieved by halving the impedance of the series components and then putting identical components in the return leg of the circuit. A C–section is a balanced version of an L–section. The balance is achieved in the same way as a balanced full bridged T section by placing half of the series impedance in, what was, the common conductor. C–sections, like the L–section from which they are derived, can come in both open-circuit and short circuit varieties. The same restrictions apply to C–sections regarding

neg: Forgery of Foreign Bills Act 1803 a term not exceeding fourteen years. In Scotland, this section provided: The words omitted were repealed for Scotland by section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1948. This section was repealed for England and Wales by section 31 of the Forgery Act 1830, and for Ireland by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the 24 & 25 Vict c 95. A person guilty of a second offence under this section was liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. These sections are repealed by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the 24 & 25 Vict c

neg: Dialect levelling to be a long-term effect of interspeaker accommodation. Unlike convergence, dialect levelling in the sense used in this study (a) is not only a performance phenomenon, but (b) also refers to what ultimately happens at the level of the 'langue', and (c) though in the long-term meaning it comes down to dissimilar varieties growing more similar, it does not necessarily come about by mutually or one-sidedly taking over characteristics of the other variety. Like interference, dialect levelling is a contact phenomenon. However, it cannot be considered to be a type of interference according to Weinreich (1953), since (a) it is

neg: Canadian trademark law the term "property" is still misleading since trade-mark law does not grant 'owners' the right to exclude others from using it. The primary means of protecting registered trade-marks is through an action under the "Trade-marks Act". For unregistered trade-marks, the common law tort of passing off is the primary means by which producers can obtain remedies against a competitor. Section 7(b) and 7(c) of the "Trade-marks Act" also codifies the tort of passing off into federal law. Most of the law of passing off has been inherited from the UK case law. For a successful action in passing off the

neg: Caesarean section Slavic term is Serbian "царски рез" and Slovenian "cárski réz", literally "tzar's cut". The Russian term "kesarevo secheniye" (Кесарево сечение "késarevo sečénije") literally means "Caesar's section". The Arabic term (ولادة قيصرية "wilaada qaySaríyya") also means "caesarean birth." The Hebrew term ניתוח קיסרי ("nitúakh Keisári") translates literally as caesarean surgery. In Romania and Portugal, it is usually called "cesariana", meaning from (or related to) Caesar. Finally, the Roman praenomen (given name) Caeso was said to be given to children who were born via C-section. While this was probably just folk etymology made popular by Pliny the Elder, it was well known

neg: Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 states, in the definitions section, that being in the business of gambling does not include a "financial transaction provider," or an ISP. Under section 5364, Federal regulators have 270 days from the date this bill is signed into law to come up with regulations to identify and block money transactions to gambling sites. The regulations will require everyone connected with a "designated payment system" to i.d. and block all restricted transactions. The Act allows the federal regulators to exempt transactions where it would be impractical to require identifying and blocking. This obviously applies to paper checks. Banks have no way

neg: Syllogism are C. However, this does not follow according to the rules of classical logic. For instance, while some cats (A) are black things (B), and some black things (B) are televisions (C), it does not follow from the parameters that some cats (A) are televisions (C). This is because in the structure of the syllogism invoked (i.e. III-1) the middle term is not distributed in either the major premise or in the minor premise, a pattern called the "fallacy of the undistributed middle". Determining the validity of a syllogism involves determining the distribution of each term in each statement, meaning

neg: Neutron cross section nuclear reactor. On the other hand, for very high energy neutrons (over 1 MeV), formula_9 can be neglected, and neutron cross section is approximately constant, determined just by cross section of atomic nuclei. However, this simple model does not take into account so called neutron resonances, which strongly modify neutron cross section in energy range of 1 eV–10 keV, nor threshold energy of some nuclear reactions. Cross sections are usually measured at 20 °C. To account for the dependence with temperature of the medium (viz. the target), the following formula is used: where "σ" is the cross section at temperature

neg: BDSM advance preview of the ICD-11 has de-pathologised most things listed in ICD-10 section F65, characterizing as pathological only those activities which are either coercive, or involving significant risk of injury or death, or distressing to the individual committing them, and specifically excluding consensual sexual sadism and masochism from being regarded as pathological. The final advance text is to be officially presented to the members of the WHO in 2019, ready to come into effect in 2022. Some people who feel attracted by the situations usually compiled under the term BDSM reach a point where they decide to come out of

neg: House of Lords Assembly of North Korea (687 members). [...] Peers grumble that there is not enough room to accommodate all of their colleagues in the Chamber, where there are only about 400 seats, and say they are constantly jostling for space – particularly during high-profile sittings", but added, "On the other hand, defenders of the Lords say that it does a vital job scrutinising legislation, a lot of which has come its way from the Commons in recent years". The House of Lords does not control the term of the Prime Minister or of the Government. Only the Lower House may force

neg: Charitable trust non-grantor lead trust does not generate a current income tax deduction, but it eliminates the asset (or part of the asset's value) from the donor's estate. If the trust has qualified under laws such as Internal Revenue Code section 501(c), donations to the trust may be deductible to an individual taxpayer or corporate donor. Charitable trust A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes and, in some jurisdictions, a more specific term than "charitable organization". A charitable trust enjoys a varying degree of tax benefits in most countries. It also generates good will. Some important terminology in

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association when Proposition 218 passed, stated that Proposition 218 is "not in the Proposition 13 class, but it's the next level." Section 3 of Proposition 218 added Article XIII C to the California Constitution. Article XIII C relates primarily to local government taxes, including applicable voter approval requirements. Section 1 of Article XIII C contains definitions applicable to the article. Section 1 definitions include the term "local government" setting forth the public entities subject to the article. The term "local government" for purposes of Proposition 218 is very broadly defined to counter a previous narrow interpretation

neg: Yeti "man-bear" and "Kang-mi" translates as "snowman". Confusion exists between Howard-Bury's recitation of the term "metoh-kangmi" and the term used in Bill Tilman's book "Mount Everest, 1938" where Tilman had used the words "metch", which does not exist in the Tibetan language, and "kangmi" when relating the coining of the term "Abominable Snowman". Further evidence of "metch" being a misnomer is provided by Tibetan language authority Professor David Snellgrove from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London (ca. 1956), who dismissed the word "metch" as impossible, because the consonants "t-c-h" cannot be conjoined in the Tibetan

neg: Society and culture of the Han dynasty Shen's (c. 58 – c. 147 CE) "Explaining Unitary Characters and Analyzing Compound Characters" ("Shuowen Jiezi") of 121 CE. Yang Xiong's "Fangyan" was the first Chinese dialect vocabulary work; the modern Chinese term for 'dialect' is derived from the title of this book. In the "Shuowen Jiezi", Xu Shen divided written characters between "wen" (文) and "zi" (字), where the former were original pictographs and the latter were characters derived from them. Listing 9,353 characters with 1,163 variant forms, Xu arranged these into 540 section headers according to their written radicals. This convenient and systematic approach of arranging characters by

neg: HSL and HSV of shapes in an image. Saturation is therefore defined in line with the psychometric definition: chroma relative to lightness (). See the Use in image analysis section of this article. Using the same name for these three different definitions of saturation leads to some confusion, as the three attributes describe substantially different color relationships; in HSV and HSI, the term roughly matches the psychometric definition, of a chroma of a color relative to its own lightness, but in HSL it does not come close. Even worse, the word "saturation" is also often used for one of the measurements we call

neg: Ryushin Shouchi Ryu Tose became enlightened, and through an oracle, received a catalog of techniques from Takemikazuchi. It was after this divine inspiration that he created the Tenshinshō Jigen-ryū, taking the "Tenshinshō" (true and correct transmission from the deity of Katori Shrine, Futsunushi) from the Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū, and adding the term "self-power revelation" ("jigen") which had come to him after his spiritual ordeal at Kashima Shrine. He would later travel to Satsuma where he would meet his eventual successor Kaneko Shinkurō Morisada (金子 新九郎 盛貞, c. 1520- c. 1585). The third headmaster, Terasaka Yakurō Masatsune (赤坂 弥九郎 政雅, 1567- 1594), was

neg: Pascal's pyramid of ("A + B + C"); while 12 is the coefficient of the 4th Layer of the Tetrahedron. Symbolically, the additive relation can be expressed as: C("x,y,z") = C("x"−1",y,z") + C("x,y"−1",z") + C("x,y,z"−1) where C("x,y,z") is the coefficient of the term with exponents "x, y, z" and "x+y+z = n" is the layer of the Tetrahedron. This relationship will work only if the trinomial expansion is laid out in the non-linear fashion as it is portrayed in the section on the "trinomial expansion connection". On each layer of the Tetrahedron, the numbers are simple whole number ratios of the adjacent

neg: War zone C War zone C War Zone C was a term used to describe an area in South Vietnam centered around the abandoned town of Katum near the Cambodian border where there was a strong concentration of North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) activity during the Vietnam War. This area war reportedly the general location of COSVN, the headquarters for communist military and political activities in the southern half of Vietnam. War Zone C, located in the area designated as III Corps, was a section of South Vietnam with high strategic value due to its location in between Cambodia and

neg: Use-define chain value at three points (marked A, B, and C). However, at the point marked "1", the use-def chain for codice_1 should indicate that its current value must have come from line B (and its value at line B must have come from line A). Contrariwise, at the point marked "2", the use-def chain for codice_1 indicates that its current value must have come from line C. Since the value of the codice_1 in block 2 does not depend on any definitions in block 1 or earlier, codice_1 might as well be a different variable there; practically speaking, it "is" a

neg: Aponogeton crispus The genuine plant never has leaves that float on the surface of the water. It is a protected plant in Sri Lanka, where "A. crispus" is banned from exportation under Section 24 (1) of Forest Ordinance. "Aponogeton crispus" is often cultivated as an aquarium plant and is probably the easiest and most robust of the aponogetons. It requires a mineral-rich substrate where carbon dioxide is easily available in the form of carbonic acid. It prefers moderate to bright lighting from above, and will tolerate a wide temperature range, c. 15 – 32C. It does better planted in an established aquarium

neg: Robot Battle said to resemble many programming languages including Basic, C, and JavaScript. Each robot has one or many sections, separated by section names and curly brackets, "init" being the only required section and where other sections are defined by an event and a priority. The Core section does not need a priority, and contains the details of what the robot will do when it isn't doing anything else. The Ascan, when used, usually has the lowest priority (least important) and takes place whenever the robot is moving. The other events take place when an object is detected with the radar or

neg:
Online service provider law 155), or
 (c) in the case of a broadcast, the country from which the broadcast was made (see section 156).
 (2) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to Crown copyright or Parliamentary copyright (see sections 163 to 166B) or to copyright subsisting by virtue of section 168 (copyright of certain international organisations).
 (3) If the qualification requirements of this Chapter, or section 163, 165 or 168, are once satisfied in respect of a work, copyright does not cease to subsist by reason of any subsequent event." This section controls the nationality and country of origin requirements for copyright. It

neg: The Unreality of Time by existing, then it remains to show that this is what the A-view of time assumes. Having come to the conclusion that reality can neither form an A- nor a B-series, despite appearances to the contrary, then McTaggart finds it necessary to explain what the world is really like such that it appears to be different from what it appears to be. Here is where the C-series comes into play. McTaggart does not say much about the C-series in the original journal article, but in "The Nature of Existence" he devotes six whole chapters to discuss it (1927: Chs. 44–9).

neg: Office of profit also prohibits an executive officer from being a Member of Congress. Specifically, Article I, Section 6, Clause 2 provides: The U.S. Constitution does not define the term "office of profit". In fact, that term is not even used in the above-mentioned provision. However, the term "office of profit" is referred to in three other provisions. First, only a person holding an office of honor, an office of trust, or an office of profit, is subject to impeachment and removal from office. Specifically, Article I, section 3, clause 7 provides: Second, a person holding an office of trust, or an office

neg: Lagrange polynomial but that case is impossible, as pointed out in the definition section—in that term, formula_44, and since formula_45, formula_19, contrary to formula_47). Also if formula_48 then since formula_49 does not preclude it, one term in the product will be for formula_50, i.e. formula_51, zeroing the entire product. So where formula_53 is the Kronecker delta. So: Thus the function "L"("x") is a polynomial with degree at most "k" and where formula_55. Additionally, the interpolating polynomial is unique, as shown by the unisolvence theorem at the polynomial interpolation article. Solving an interpolation problem leads to a problem in linear algebra amounting to

neg: Excursions (Barber) lasting through measure 40 before B returns. In measure 40, the transition from C back to B contains A-flat and E-flat seventh chords, varying briefly from the limited harmonies of the tonic and subdominant. The B section starting in measure 41 is an exact repetition of the B section that began in measure 14. However, measure 17 of B does not repeat as it should in bar 44 of the B phrase. Motive 3 reappears in this section in the left hand as does Motive 2 in measures 45 and 47 of the right. Beginning in measure 49, a retransition

neg: 2017 Queensland state election writ drops and polling day. Five to seven days following the issue of the writs, the electoral roll is closed, which gives voters a final opportunity to enrol or to notify the Electoral Commission of Queensland of any changes in their place of residence. The "Constitution (Fixed Term Parliament) Amendment Act 2015", which amends the Constitution of Queensland to provide for state elections on the fourth Saturday in October every four years, does not come into effect until the next election. Therefore, this is the last election to which section 2 of the "Constitution Act Amendment Act 1890" applies before

neg: Epikoros Epikoros Epikoros (or Apikoros or Apikores or Epicurus; Hebrew: אפיקורוס, lit. "Heretic", pl. Epicorsim ) is a Jewish term cited in the Mishnah, referring to one who does not have a share in the world to come: The rabbinic literature uses the term "Epikoros", without a specific reference to the Greek philosopher Epicurus, yet it is apparent that the term is derived from the Greek philosopher's name, a philosopher whose views contradicted Jewish scripture, the strictly monotheistic conception of God in Judaism and the Jewish belief in the world to come. The Talmudic interpretation is that the Aramaic word is

neg: Offences Against the Person Act 1861 replace sections 1 to 3 of the 23 & 24 Vict c 8 (1860) (unlawful administering of poison). Section 26 – Neglecting or causing bodily harm to servants This section deals with the problem of neglect by an employer who failed to provide adequate food, clothing and accommodation for staff and servants. It is punishable on conviction on indictment with imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. This section replaces section 1 of the Poor Law (Apprentices, &c.) Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict c 11). The offence of assault under that section has been replaced by one of

neg: Minuet form : After these developments by Lully, composers occasionally inserted a modified repetition of the first (A) section or a section that contrasted with both the A section and what was thereby rendered the third or C section, yielding the form A–A′–B–A or A–B–C–A, respectively; an example of the latter is the third movement of Mozart's Serenade No. 13 in G major, K. 525, popularly known under the title "Eine kleine Nachtmusik". A livelier form of the minuet simultaneously developed into the scherzo (which was generally also coupled with a trio). This term came into existence approximately from Beethoven onwards,

neg: Forward price into. So OUT - IN = NET GAIN and his net gain can only come from the opportunity cost of keeping the asset for that time period (he could have sold it and invested the money at the risk-free rate). let: Solving for fair price and substituting mathematics we get: where: where "c" is the "i " dividend paid at time "t ". Doing some reduction we end up with: Notice that implicit in the above derivation is the assumption that the underlying can be traded. This assumption does not hold for certain kinds of forwards. There is a difference

neg: Nuclear Explosions (Prohibition and Inspections) Act 1998 or is about to be committed. The final section of the Act states that the Act does not come into effect until a minister signs an order declaring the date on which it is to become effective. This has not yet been done. However the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, which is in force, includes offences relating to nuclear weapons. Nuclear Explosions (Prohibition and Inspections) Act 1998 The Nuclear Explosions (Prohibition and Inspections) Act 1998 (c. 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to implement and enforce the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty of 1996. It

neg: Self-supply of water and sanitation incremental improvement of these services. It is a market-based approach and commonly does not involve product subsidies. "Self-supply" is different from "supported self-supply." The first term refers to situations where people improving their water and sanitation services on their own. "Supported self-supply" refers to a deliberately guided process, usually by a government agency or a non-governmental organization. Many examples of self-supply taking off in a short time come from situations where government-led service provision broke down (e.g., in countries of the former Soviet Union). The approach can also be deliberately used by government agencies or external support agencies to complement

neg: Fishing communities in Maharashtra the same family as Tamil, Canarese and Telugu and therefore it is likely that they come from the south into the present dwellings. Presently Gond are spreads from Narmada in north up to Godavari in south and Chhattisgarh in east up to Khandesh in west (Rajurkar 1956). This Community major occupation is salt making and farming.But this community also does fishing on small scale.There is very small section of this community which take fishing as full-time occupation and other section of this community does fishing to fed there family or just as a hobby. Fishing communities in Maharashtra Maharashtra is

neg: LGBT rights in Sudan also be punished with imprisonment for a term, not exceeding five years; (b) where the offender is convicted for the second time, he shall be punished, with whipping a hundred lashes, and with imprisonment, for a term, not exceeding five years; (c) where the offender is convicted for the third time, he shall be punished, with death, or with life imprisonment. Article 151. (1) There shall be deemed to commit the offence of gross indecency, whoever ... does any sexual act, with another person not amounting to ... sodomy, and he shall be punished, with whipping, not exceeding forty lashes,

neg: Senglea Athletic F.C. were crowned champions of Section D of the MFA Youth League, and thus they were promoted to Section C. The following season also proved to be a successful one for the Senglea boys. Apart from finishing 4th in Section C, taking into consideration that this was their first season in this level, they also managed to reach the semi-final of the Youth Knock-Out B, where clubs from Sections B, C and D take part. In the semi-final they lost 5–1 to the Section B club, Qormi. During the season 2011/12 Senglea were crowned champions of Section C, and therefore gaining

neg: Voting Rights Act of 1965 Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Native Alaskans. Congress enacted the provisions to break down language barriers and combat pervasive language discrimination against the protected groups. Section 4(f)(4) applies to any jurisdiction encompassed by the Section 4(b) coverage formula where more than 5% of the citizen voting age population are members of a single language minority group. Section 203(c) contains a formula that is separate from the Section 4(b) coverage formula, and therefore jurisdictions covered solely by 203(c) are not subject to the Act's other special provisions, such as preclearance. The Section 203(c) formula encompasses jurisdictions where the following conditions exist:

neg: Statute of Frauds by section 207 of, and Schedule 7 to, the Law of Property Act 1925 (15 Geo 5 c 20). However section 53(1)(a) required that interest in land be created or disposed by a signed writing, a will or operation of law. Section 53(1)(b) requires a declaration of trust in land must be by a signed writing or a will and section 53(1)(c) requires the same disposition of equitable interests and existing trusts. Section 52(2) state that section 53 does not affect the creation or operation of implied, resulting or constructive trusts. Section 54 provides interests in land created by parol

neg: Liberal elite used by writers such as Vilfredo Pareto and C. Wright Mills. They use the term to mean those who exercise the most political power. The label is essentially a rhetorical device with flexible meaning depending on where in the English speaking world it is used. As a polemical term it has been used to refer to political positions as diverse as secularism, environmentalism, feminism, and other positions associated with the left. The originating usage in the United States is applied in other English speaking countries and by extension to left-leaning elites in other countries. However, the term "liberal" does not

neg: Balak (parsha) come. God counseled the Israelites to be like Jacob, who said in "I wait for Your salvation, O Lord." The Midrash taught that God counseled the Israelites to wait for salvation, which is at hand, as says, "For My salvation is near to come." Rabbi Joḥanan taught that wherever Scripture uses the term "And he abode" (, "vayeishev"), as it does in it presages trouble. Thus in "And Israel abode in Shittim" is followed by "and the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab." In "And Jacob dwelt in the land where his father was a stranger,

neg: Executive officer in-line with the corporate example above. The term XO is not used in most British Army or Royal Marines units, where the designation second-in-command (2i/c) is used as a formal appointment. However, the position does exist in some specialist regiments within the Royal Artillery where the exact duties vary. In the Royal Air Force, the term XO is informally used between officers and airmen, referring to the officer who is second-in-command. It is, however, formally used in the Royal Navy. In smaller vessels, such as submarines and frigates, the executive officer also holds the position of first lieutenant. Originally, the

neg: Mental health day Mental health day In many workplaces throughout the First World, such as the United States and New Zealand, a "mental health day" is where an employee does not come to work and takes a sick day for reasons other than physical illness. Some people may consider a mental health day to be when someone simply does not feel like coming in to work, but the most accurate use of this term is related to true mental illness rather than a desire to skip work. Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and other mental illnesses can cause severe impairment on one's ability

neg: Anabranch type. The term braided river describes watercourses which are divided by small islands into multiple channel threads within a single main channel, but the term does not describe the multiple channels of an anabranching river. A distributary is a branch of a river that does not rejoin the main channel; these are common on and near river deltas. A bayou is often an anabranch. An anabranch that gets cut off from the main channel becomes an oxbow lake. Anabranch An anabranch is a section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel or stem of the watercourse

neg: Typhoid fever it is not quantitative and the result is only positive or negative. The term 'enteric fever' is a collective term that refers to severe typhoid and paratyphoid. Sanitation and hygiene are important to prevent typhoid. Typhoid does not affect animals other than humans. Typhoid can only spread in environments where human feces are able to come into contact with food or drinking water. Careful food preparation and washing of hands are crucial to prevent typhoid. Industrialization, and in particular, the invention of the automobile, contributed greatly to the elimination of typhoid fever, as it eliminated the public health hazards associated

neg: Grounding in communication shared view of the pieces. Another criticism of common ground is the inaccurate connotation of the term. The name appears to relate to a specific place where a record of things can be stored. However, it does not account for how those involved in conversation effortlessly understand the communication. There have been suggestions that the term common ground be revised to better reflect how people actually come to understand each other. Grounding in communication has also been described as a mechanistic style of dialogue which can be used to make many predictions about basic language processing. Pickering and Garrod conducted

neg: Face the Music (Electric Light Orchestra album) is a fast-tempo guitar-rocker featuring Kelly Groucutt on both lead and harmony vocals, one of few times where Jeff Lynne does not sing the lead. Bev Bevan plays fast, bombastic drum fills in between verses and Richard Tandy provides a moog synthesizer arpeggio rhythm section. The middle section of the song slows down into a slow, bluesy bridge ("Play me another hand") with Tandy adding in some synthesizer fillers. Lynne's harmony vocals come in on the final verse of the song. "Poker" was released as a b-side to the U.S.'s "Confusion" single and U.K.'s "Rockaria!" single. "Main article: Strange Magic""Strange

neg: Combinatory logic and substitutes it into both the applicand and its argument before performing the application, C performs the substitution only in the applicand, and B only in the argument. The modern names for the combinators come from Haskell Curry's doctoral thesis of 1930 (see B, C, K, W System). In Schönfinkel's original paper, what we now call S, K, I, B and C were called S, C, I, Z, and T respectively. The reduction in combinator size that results from the new transformation rules can also be achieved without introducing B and C, as demonstrated in Section 3.2 of. A distinction

neg: Oregon black exclusion laws Oregon. That in all cases where slaves shall have been, or shall hereafter be, brought into Oregon, the owners of such slaves respectively shall have the term of three years from the introduction of such slaves to remove them out of the country. That if such owners of slaves shall neglect or refuse to remove such slaves from the country within the time specified in the preceding section, such slaves shall be free. That when any free negro or mulatto shall have come to Oregon, he or she (as the case may be), if of the age of eighteen or

neg: Philippine Bowling Congress 63697. Its first official president was Nereo C. Andolong who was also the first president of the Philippine Olympic Committee from 1977-1980. On January 7, 2009, Philippine Bowling Congress (PBCI) Inc. was registered with SEC, Company Reg. No CN200900037. It used a pro-forma Non-Stock form where the term of office for all officers were for one year. PBCI held an election under these By-Laws on March 1, 2009 where Mariano "Nitoy" Tamayo was elected president. "Per Corporation Code TITLE V Section 46. Adoption of by-laws. - In all cases, by-laws shall be effective only upon the issuance by the Securities

neg: Flute Concertino (Chaminade) the Concertino, however, the original melody does not appear again until after section C, just before the cadenza, and then again after the cadenza, with the final return to section A at measure 112. Flute Concertino (Chaminade) Cécile Chaminade's Flute Concertino in D major, Op. 107, was composed in 1902 for flute and piano and later arranged for flute and orchestra. Scholarship indicates that the Concertino was commissioned by the Paris Conservatoire in 1902, presumably as an examination piece for flute students, where the celebrated French flautist and teacher Paul Taffanel, to whom the Concertino was dedicated, taught. Among flautists,

neg: De Moivre's law surveys of analytical human survival models by Spiegelman and Benjamin do not mention de Moivre at all (in both cases, the surveys start with the work of Benjamin Gompertz). In his essay on the history of actuarial science, Stephen Haberman does mention de Moivre, but in the section on "Life Insurance Mathematics" and not the one on "Life Tables and Survival Models". A middle ground of sorts was taken by C. W. Jordan in his "Life Contingencies", where he included de Moivre in his section on "Some famous laws of mortality", but added that "de Moivre recognized that this was

neg: Administration of Justice Act 1705 Administration of Justice Act 1705 The Administration of Justice Act 1705 (4 & 5 Anne c 3) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The whole Act ceased to have effect by virtue of section 34(1) of, and Schedule 2 to, the Administration of Justice Act 1965. This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. This section was repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. In this section, the words from "from and after" to "Trinity term" and the words "and

neg: Short ribs style known as the "plate"). Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines. Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term "short ribs" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib. Using American butcher's nomenclature, short ribs may be taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. The "serratus ventralis" muscle defines the area in the beef carcass from where short ribs come, and is the preferred muscle tissue for short ribs. This muscle originates near the second rib, and covers most of the rib

neg: R v Skinner the provision violated section 2(b) but was saved under section 1, and did not violate section 2(d). The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice Brian Dickson. He first found that section 195.1(1)(c) did not violate freedom of association. He stated that the law targets expressive content alone and does not relate to association. The provision does not depend on whether there was an agreement for exchange between consenting individual. Though the law may prevent communication for certain commercial activities it is not sufficient to invoke the freedom of association. In considering the freedom of expression under section 2(b) of

neg: Term of patent in the United States district court found the language of the statute unambiguous and gives the court "no discretion". Thus, if the enumerated conditions are satisfied, the patentee is entitled to a term extension calculated pursuant to Section 156. Teva's motion to dismiss was consequently denied because "a terminally disclaimed patent is eligible for extension under [Section] 156." The case is interesting because the patentee in the first instance had expressly disclaimed term subsequent to 2003 to get the patent granted. However, the holding of this case does not apply to Patent Term Adjustment granted under 35 U.S.C. 154. Such term adjustments will be

neg: Differentiable manifold produced also contains the data of how it has been patched together. However, different atlases (patchings) may produce "the same" manifold; a manifold does not come with a preferred atlas. Thus, one defines a topological manifold to be a space as above with an "equivalence class" of atlases, where one defines equivalence of atlases below. There are a number of different types of differentiable manifolds, depending on the precise differentiability requirements on the transition functions. Some common examples include the following: While there is a meaningful notion of a "C" "atlas", there is no distinct notion of a "C" "manifold"

neg: Reference (C++) generates the following output: codice_33 References are defined by the ISO C++ standard as follows (excluding the example section): Reference (C++) In the C++ programming language, a reference is a simple reference datatype that is less powerful but safer than the pointer type inherited from C. The name "C++ reference" may cause confusion, as in computer science a reference is a general concept datatype, with "pointers" and "C++ references" being specific reference datatype implementations. The definition of a reference in C++ is such that it does not need to exist. It can be implemented as a new name for an

neg: Oxygene (programming language) does not use "Units" like Delphi does, but uses .NET-namespaces to organize and group types. A namespace can span multiple files (and assemblies), but one file can only contain types of one namespace. This namespace is defined at the very top of the file: Oxygene files are separated into an interface and an implementation section, which is the structure known from Delphi. The interface section follows the declaration of the namespace. It contains the codice_3-clause, which in Oxygene imports types from other namespaces: Imported namespaces have to be in the project itself or in referenced assemblies. Unlike in C#, in

neg: Voting Rights Act of 1965 Section 203(b) defines "limited-English proficient" as being "unable to speak or understand English adequately enough to participate in the electoral process". Determinations as to which jurisdictions satisfy the Section 203(c) criteria occur once a decade following completion of the decennial census; at these times, new jurisdictions may come into coverage while others may have their coverage terminated. Additionally, under Section 203(d), a jurisdiction may "bail out" of Section 203(c) coverage by proving in federal court that no language minority group within the jurisdiction has an English illiteracy rate that is higher than the national illiteracy rate. After the 2010 census,

neg: West Finchley tube station of England. The footbridge has been claimed to come from Wintersett and Ryhill station in Yorkshire, which had closed in 1930, although its station footbridge does not look the same in photographs. The section of the High Barnet branch north of East Finchley was incorporated into the London Underground network through the "Northern Heights" project begun in the late 1930s. West Finchley station was first served by Northern line trains on 14 April 1940 and, after a period where the station was serviced by both operators, LNER services ended in 1941. The main entrance is in Nether Street; there is

neg: Micro ISV Micro ISV A micro ISV (abbr. mISV or μISV), a term coined by Eric Sink, is an independent software vendor with fewer than 10 or even just one software developer. In such an environment the company owner develops software, manages sales and does public relations. The term has come to include more than just a "one-man shop," but any ISV with more than 10 employees is generally not considered a micro ISV. Small venture capital-funded software shops are also generally not considered micro ISVs. Micro ISVs sell their software through a number of marketing models. The shareware marketing model (where

neg: Tsuki Tsuki In karate and its variants, the term "tsuki" is used as a part of a compound word for any one of a variety of thrusting techniques (usually punches). It is never used as a stand-alone term to describe a discrete technique. For example, "gyaku seiken chudan-tsuki", more commonly referred to as "chudan-tsuki" (段突), refers to a mid-level ("chudan") punch ("tsuki") executed with the rear ("gyaku") arm. Note that in a compound word, where "tsuki" does not come first, its pronunciation and writing changes slightly due to rendaku, and it is pronounced as ""zuki"" (and is sometimes transliterated that way).

neg: Sunspots (economics) Sunspots (economics) In economics, the term sunspots (or sometimes "a sunspot") usually refers to an "extrinsic" random variable, that is, a random variable that does not affect economic fundamentals (such as endowments, preferences, or technology). "Sunspots" can also refer to the related concept of extrinsic uncertainty, that is, economic uncertainty that does not come from variation in economic fundamentals. David Cass and Karl Shell coined the term "sunspots" as a suggestive and less technical way of saying "extrinsic random variable". The idea that arbitrary changes in expectations might influence the economy, even if they bear no relation to fundamentals, is

neg: Caesarean section of delivery does not appear to have an effect on subsequent sexual function. In 2012, about 23 million C-sections were done globally. The international healthcare community has previously considered the rate of 10% and 15% to be ideal for caesarean sections. Some evidence finds a higher rate of 19% may result in better outcomes. More than 45 countries globally have C-section rates less than 7.5%, while more than 50 have rates greater than 27%. Efforts are being made to both improve access to and reduce the use of C-section. In the United States as of 2017, about 32% of deliveries

neg: Protection from Harassment Act 1997 on constructive knowledge is the difficulty which might exist of proving "mens rea" on the part of "stalkers" who often suffer from mental or personality disorders. There are a multitude of thresholds within the act and law, the protection from harassment act does NOT comply with the rule of law as there is uncertainty, due to the issues of criminal and civil liability, the reasonable person, the day to day dealings with others, and where there is Section 1 (3) of the act, setting out reasonable (S1 (3) (c)) to comply with a rule of law or order under any

neg: Portuguese dialects of the Portuguese-speaking world. Portunhol/Portuñol: In regions where Spanish and Portuguese coexist, various types of language contact have occurred, ranging from improvised code-switching between monolingual speakers of each language to more or less stable mixed languages. They are often designated by the common term "portunhol" ("portuñol"). "This section does not cover Galician, which is treated as a separate language from Portuguese by Galician official institutions, or Fala. For a discussion of the controversy regarding the status of Galician with respect to Portuguese, see Reintegrationism." Portunhol Riverense is spoken in the region between Uruguay and Brazil, particularly in the twin cities

neg: Statistics Act information, other than information for a census of population or agriculture, on a voluntary basis, but where such information is requested section 31 does not apply in respect of a refusal or neglect to furnish the information. 1980-81-82-83, c. 47, s. 41." Other legislation relating to this act include: After years of study by expert panels, discussion, debate (privacy vs the interests of genealogists and historians), and two earlier legislative attempts, Bill S-18 "An Act to Amend the Statistics Act" received Royal Assent on June 18, 2005. The 2005 Act creates section 18.1 of the "Statistics Act" which releases personal

neg: Quadratic function of formula_61 other than the unstable fixed point 0, the term formula_62 goes to 0 as "n" goes to infinity, so formula_54 goes to the stable fixed point formula_64 A bivariate quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial of the form where "A, B, C, D", and "E" are fixed coefficients and "F" is the constant term. Such a function describes a quadratic surface. Setting formula_66 equal to zero describes the intersection of the surface with the plane formula_67, which is a locus of points equivalent to a conic section. If formula_68 the function has no maximum or minimum; its graph

neg: Anathema in the other instances to the object of God's disfavour. Since the time of the apostles, the term 'anathema' has come to mean a form of extreme religious sanction, known as excommunication. The earliest recorded instance of the form is in the Council of Elvira (c. 306), and thereafter it became the common method of cutting off heretics; for example, the Synod of Gangra (c. 340) pronounced that Manicheanism was anathema. Cyril of Alexandria issued twelve anathemas against Nestorius in 431. In the fifth century, a formal distinction between anathema and "minor" excommunication evolved, where "minor" excommunication entailed cutting off

neg: Official Secrets Act 1911 to section 1(1)(c). Geoffrey Prime was sentenced to imprisonment for a total of 35 years for disclosing material while employed at GCHQ. Michael Bettany was sentenced to imprisonment for a total of 23 years. Michael Smith was sentenced to imprisonment for 20 years (reduced from 25 on appeal). History From 1911 to 1920, an offence under this section was punishable with penal servitude for any term not less than three years and not exceeding seven years. See section 7 of the Official Secrets Act 1920. See section 6 of the Official Secrets Act 1920 and section 5(6) of the Official

neg: Official Secrets Act 1920 guilty of an offence under this section is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months, or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum, or to both. This section provides: "The principal Act" This means the Official Secrets Act 1911. (see section 1) "Aids or abets and does any act preparatory" The word "and" in this expression must be read as "or". This is necessary in order to make intelligible sense of the section. See also R v Bingham [1973]

neg: Criminal Procedure Act 1865 is exactly reproduced in the Evidence Ordinance (Laws of Hong Kong c 8) This section reads: This section reads: This section reads: References to attorneys In England and Wales, these must be construed as references to solicitors of the Senior Courts. In Northern Ireland, these must be construed as references to solicitors of the Court of Judicature. This section provides that the Act does not apply to Scotland. Criminal Procedure Act 1865 The Criminal Procedure Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict c 18), commonly known as Denman's Act, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This Act