query: who represents the us in the supreme court

pos: Solicitor General of the United States Solicitor General of the United States The Solicitor General of the United States is the fourth-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice. The current Solicitor General, Noel Francisco, took office on September 19, 2017. The United States Solicitor General represents the federal government of the United States before the Supreme Court of the United States. The Solicitor General determines the legal position that the United States will take in the Supreme Court. In addition to supervising and conducting cases in which the government is a party, the office of the Solicitor General also files "amicus curiae" briefs in

neg: Maher Arar plea and act as an independent body from the executive branch. Unfortunately, this recent decision and decisions taken on other similar cases, prove that the court system in the United States has become more or less a tool that the executive branch can easily manipulate through unfounded allegations and fear mongering. If anything, this decision is a loss to all Americans and to the rule of law. The Center for Constitutional Rights, who represents Maher Arar, petitioned the US Supreme Court on February 1, 2010 to hear the Arar case. The US Supreme Court declined to hear Arar's case. Throughout

neg: Neal Sher 2017, Sher represents a class action for the victims of the Fort Hood terror attack. "What I hope and believe is that the announcement today by the Pentagon shows they have changed course... It's our expectation that this will resolve it and these people will get the benefits. We're going to be monitoring it and keeping a close eye on it and in touch with members of Congress to make sure this isn’t hocus-pocus and that they follow through." Sher is currently admitted to practice before the US Supreme Court, the US Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit; US District Court,

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court (No Party) is from Lafourche Parish, Louisiana and represents the Sixth Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Weimer earned his Juris Doctor from Louisiana State University in 1980. In 1995, he was elected District Judge for the 17th Judicial District Court. In 1998 he was elected as an Appellate Judge for the Louisiana Court of Appeal, First Circuit. He served in that capacity until he took his seat as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 2001. Justice Johnson is from New Orleans and represents the Seventh Supreme Court District of Louisiana. Justice Johnson earned her Juris Doctor from the

neg: United States National Sex Offenders Public Registry the Hawaii State Supreme Court held that Hawaii's sex offender registration statute violated the due process clause of the Constitution of Hawaii, ruling that it deprived potential registrants "of a protected liberty interest without due process of law." The Court reasoned that the sex offender law authorized "public notification of (the potential registrant's) status as a convicted sex offender without notice, an opportunity to be heard, or any preliminary determination of whether and to what extent (he) actually represents a danger to society." After losing the constitutional challenge in the US Supreme Court in 2002 one of the two Doe's

neg: Samaikyandhra Movement passed. Leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj said she does not know if the bill was introduced and denies to acknowledge that it was introduced. Nine petitions were filed in supreme court requesting for a stay of Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Bill, 2013 tabling in parliament. The supreme court later rejected the pleas saying, "We do not think this is the appropriate stage for us to interfere". And said they would take them up later. AIMIM party which represents majority of assembly segments in Hyderabad region has committed towards keeping the state united. Also, Sangareddy MLA Jagga Reddy

neg: Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy regulatory risk assessments, and assist clients in developing effective and practical supervisory and compliance programs. Milbank represents both cedants and reinsurers, from trial and appellate cases to mediation and arbitration, in complex disputes involving property/casualty and life/health insurance. Recently, the firm defended a Bermuda-based reinsurer in investigations by US and European regulators into the use of finite/nontraditional reinsurance products. The firm also won a major victory in the US Supreme Court in favor of insurers who challenged California's purported regulation of European life insurers and reinsurers. In a separate matter, Milbank obtained full rescission of a reinsurance treaty for several

neg: Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association The Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association(OSGATA) is a trade association based in Maine, United States which represents organic farmers, seed growers and seed suppliers. It is known primarily for its March 2011 initiation of a lawsuit against Monsanto Corporation to stop it from suing farmers who have been "contaminated" by their genetically modified seeds. On Jan. 2013, the US Federal Court of Appeals heard the oral arguments appealing the dismissal of the case. OSGATA appealed to the Supreme Court which declined to hear the case. OSGATA presents this case as protecting members against

neg: Rancho Bolsa de Tomales would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Bolsa de Tomales was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852. The grant was confirmed by Land Commission and by the District Court, but reversed by the US Supreme Court on the basis of doubtful character of the claim and sent back to the District Court for re-examination. The District Court again confirmed the grant, a group of squatters who had been living on the ranch appealed the decision and the case went back to US Supreme Court. The US Supreme Court found "...

neg: Jenner & Block stock, the largest US IPO ever at the time. The firm has achieved several victories before the US Supreme Court regarding free speech, gay rights, copyright, civil procedure, political asylum and other matters. The firm's first principal litigator, Edward R. Johnston, earned the firm's first Supreme Court victory, a landmark antitrust case against the US government ("Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association v. U.S.") that allowed for trade association members to exchange information. The firm represented plaintiff Stephen Law in "Law v. Siegel" in the US Supreme Court in 2014; it had already been representing the plaintiff Law (who had earlier represented

neg: Louisiana Supreme Court District, voters in a special election on October 17, 2009, chose another Republican, a state district court judge from Monroe, Marcus R. Clark (born 1956), to fill the position. Clark defeated fellow Republican Jimmy Faircloth of Alexandria and Pineville, who carried the support of Governor Bobby Jindal. Faircloth had been executive counsel to Jindal prior to the Supreme Court campaign. Justice Jefferson D. Hughes, III, a Democrat-turned-Republican, represents the Fifth Supreme Court District of Louisiana. With the retirement of Chief Justice Catherine D. Kimball in January 2013 and the retirement of former Chief Justice Pascal F. Calogero, Jr. at the

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the justices based on the votes in every contested Supreme Court case since 1937. The graph below shows the results of their analysis: the ideological leaning of each justice from the term beginning in October 1937 to the term that began in October 2017. Note that the scale and zero point are arbitrary—only the relative distance of the lines is important. Each unique color represents a particular Supreme Court seat, which makes the transitions from retiring justices to newly appointed justices easier to follow. The black lines represent the leanings of the Chief Justices. The yellow line represents the estimated

neg: Citizen Koch Citizen Koch Citizen Koch is a 2013 documentary film directed by Tia Lessin and Carl Deal, concerning the political influence of American plutocrats on the political process following the US Supreme Court decision in "Citizens United v. FEC" which granted corporations the ability to anonymously spend unlimited money to influence public policy and elections. The film focuses on the eponymous Koch brothers, in particular, and their support for Wisconsin governor Scott Walker, who represents the Citizen Koch in the title. The film also chronicles the rise of the Tea Party movement in response to the election of the first African-American

neg: Montana Supreme Court to run as a candidate for justice since his active and inactive time combined for at least five years. Justices must reside within the state during their term. The Chief Justice is the administrative head of the Supreme Court. He or she presides over oral argument and court conferences, and represents the court at all official state functions. The position of Chief Justice is filled directly by election, and candidates do not need to have previously served as an Associate Justice. Whenever the Chief Justice is temporarily absent, or permanently leaves the court during his term, the justice who is

neg: Citizen Koch by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for best documentary feature. Citizen Koch Citizen Koch is a 2013 documentary film directed by Tia Lessin and Carl Deal, concerning the political influence of American plutocrats on the political process following the US Supreme Court decision in "Citizens United v. FEC" which granted corporations the ability to anonymously spend unlimited money to influence public policy and elections. The film focuses on the eponymous Koch brothers, in particular, and their support for Wisconsin governor Scott Walker, who represents the Citizen Koch in the title. The film also chronicles the rise of

neg: Supreme Court of Georgia (country) public. The Supreme Court organizes workshops for journalists regarding the New Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia and prepares the "Court Guidebook" to inform journalists on procedural matters. Supreme Court of Georgia (country) The Supreme Court of Georgia represents the court of the highest and final administration of justice in the country. It was established in 2005 as the cassation instance court. It is located in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of justice at common courts. Its activities are to be guided by the principles of legality, collective nature, publicity, equality of parties and competitiveness,

neg: Supreme Court of Georgia (country) Supreme Court of Georgia (country) The Supreme Court of Georgia represents the court of the highest and final administration of justice in the country. It was established in 2005 as the cassation instance court. It is located in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of justice at common courts. Its activities are to be guided by the principles of legality, collective nature, publicity, equality of parties and competitiveness, as well as the irremovability, immunity and independence of judges. The Supreme Court of Georgia considers claims on judgments made by the Courts of Appeal. It supports

neg: Liam McKechnie and presided over competition matters in the High Court. In 2010 he was elected President of the Association of European Competition Law Judges, which represents judges from each of the 28 European Union member states. In June 2010, he was appointed to the Supreme Court, following the retirement of Hugh Geoghegan. Liam McKechnie William Martin McKechie (born 16 April 1951) is an Irish judge who has served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since March 2010. He previously served as Judge of the High Court from 2000 to 2010. He was educated at Presentation Brothers College, Cork,

neg: 2006 Richmond spree murders appeal to that court. On January 19, 2016, Gray's execution was set for March 16, 2016, but was stayed again to allow Gray to appeal to the US Supreme Court. In 2016, the US Supreme Court declined to hear Gray's case. In November 2016, Gray was scheduled to be executed on January 18, 2017. His clemency plea was denied by governor Terry McAuliffe, and his lawyers filed an emergency appeal with the Supreme Court. He was executed on January 18, 2017, at Greensville Correctional Center at 9:42 PM EST. Earl Bramblett, who killed the Hodges family in Vinton in August

neg: Supreme Court of Iceland Supreme Court of Iceland manages the affairs of the Court, directs court sessions and divides tasks among the justices and the employees of the Court and maintains disciplinary supervision. They are responsible for the operation and finances of the Court and represents the Court towards the public. Under Article 8 of the Constitution of Iceland the President of the Supreme Court is one of the three holders of the power of the President of Iceland in their absence, the others being the Prime Minister and the Speaker of Parliament. As of October 2017, the justices of the Supreme Court are:

neg: Bush v. Gore bothering us.'" On remand, the Florida Supreme Court issued an opinion on December 22, 2000, that did not dispute whether December 12 was the deadline for recounts under state law, although this was disputed in a concurring opinion by Florida Supreme Court Justice Leander Shaw who nevertheless expressed deference to the U.S. Supreme Court's view on this issue and who also argued that, in any case, the Florida Supreme Court would (in his opinion) be unable to craft a remedy which would satisfy all of the U.S. Supreme Court's equal protection, due process, and other concerns. Chief Justice Rehnquist's concurring

neg: American Civil Liberties Union the US Supreme Court turned down an appeal from the ACLU to let it pursue a lawsuit against the program that began shortly after the September 11 terror attacks. The ACLU and other organizations also filed separate lawsuits around the country against telecommunications companies. The ACLU filed a lawsuit in Illinois ("Terkel v. AT&T") which was dismissed because of the state secrets privilege and two others in California requesting injunctions against AT&T and Verizon. On August 10, 2006, the lawsuits against the telecommunications companies were transferred to a federal judge in San Francisco. The ACLU represents a Muslim-American who was

neg: Public Safety Realignment initiative Public Safety Realignment initiative California's Public Safety Realignment initiative represents an attempt by the state of California to reduce its state prison population by shifting much of that population to county jails. It was the result of a court-order in response to shortfalls in medical and mental health care for the state's prison population. On 23 May 2011 the US Supreme Court upheld an order by a three-judge federal court requiring the state of California to reduce its state prison population to no more than 137.5% of its design capacity within two years. Prior to the initiative the state's prison

neg: Public Safety Realignment initiative taxpayers (and on the remaining prisoners) at little or no marginal costs." Public Safety Realignment initiative California's Public Safety Realignment initiative represents an attempt by the state of California to reduce its state prison population by shifting much of that population to county jails. It was the result of a court-order in response to shortfalls in medical and mental health care for the state's prison population. On 23 May 2011 the US Supreme Court upheld an order by a three-judge federal court requiring the state of California to reduce its state prison population to no more than 137.5% of its

neg: Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project The Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Program (ELSSCAP) is an organization at Emory Law School dedicated to representing clients in the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed in 2010, the project joined a growing class of Supreme Court Clinics that provide expert representation under the guidance of experienced litigators. ELSSCAP principally represents clients on petitions for writ of certiorari, in opposition to certiorari, on the merits, or as amicus curiae. The program was founded by Professor David J. Bederman and Kedar Bhatia, then a first-year law student and now a contributor

neg: California Department of Justice States District Court, and Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, and occasionally in the United States Supreme Court. The Correctional Writs & Appeals Section represents the state in civil rights actions involving state prisoners. This section also represents the Department of Corrections, Board of Prison Terms, Youth Authority and the Department of Mental Health and their employees in cases regarding policies, practices or conditions of confinement of inmates. The Office of Native American Affairs serves as liaison and addresses justice-related issues for California's Indian citizens who reside on reservations, rancherias and in urban communities for the overall improvement of the quality

neg: Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project Executive Board will consider whether to accept the case. http://law.emory.edu/academics/academic-programs/elsscap.html Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Project The Emory Law School Supreme Court Advocacy Program (ELSSCAP) is an organization at Emory Law School dedicated to representing clients in the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed in 2010, the project joined a growing class of Supreme Court Clinics that provide expert representation under the guidance of experienced litigators. ELSSCAP principally represents clients on petitions for writ of certiorari, in opposition to certiorari, on the merits, or as amicus curiae. The program was founded by Professor David J. Bederman and Kedar

neg: Ellis Wayne Felker in 1984. He appealed for collateral relief, which was denied by a state trial court: "the Georgia Supreme Court declined to issue a certificate of probable cause to appeal the denial." The US Supreme Court again denied certiorari, in "Felker v. Zant," 502 U.S. 1064 (1992). The defense filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in US District Court on several grounds, including that the state had illegally withheld exculpatory evidence. The District Court denied the petition, a ruling upheld in 1995 by the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, and the US Supreme Court denied certiorari

neg: Certificate of division circuit courts. The modern form of Supreme Court certified question jurisdiction was enacted in 1925 and amended in 1949. 28 U.S.C. § 1254 provides: Section 1254(1) represents the far more common route: certiorari, the source of nearly all the Supreme Court's current docket. Section 1254(2) represents a less common route: certification. Pursuant to § 1254(2), the Supreme Court heard 72 certified question cases between 1927 and 1936; 20 between 1937 and 1946; and only four between 1947 and 2010. In modern jurisprudence, § 1254(2) certification has become very rare. For example, when the en banc Fifth Circuit attempted to certify

neg: Judiciary of Russia establish recommendations on the interpretation of particular provisions of law for lower courts for uniform application. The Presidium of the Russian Supreme Court () represents Russia's final court of appeal. The Presidium consists of thirteen judges: the Chairman of the Supreme Court, its first deputy chairman, its six deputy chairmen and five other Supreme Court judges. Only the Prosecutor General has the right to appeal to the Presidium, and as a result, very few criminal cases reviewed by the three-judge panels of the Supreme Court make it to the Presidium. Only 0.4% of criminal cases in 1998 ended with an

neg: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 immigration from 7 majority-Muslim nations. However, lower federal courts ruled that the Executive Order violated the INA's prohibitions of discrimination on the basis of nationality and religion. In June, 2017, the US Supreme Court overrode both appeals courts and allowed the second ban to go into effect, but carved out an exemption for persons with "bona fide relationships" in the U.S. In December, 2017, the US Supreme Court allowed the full travel ban to take effect which excludes people who have a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States. In June 2018, the Supreme Court

neg: Ahrens v. Clark the case and knew his reasoning. He also knew of "Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court" (1973), in which the Supreme Court held: Justice Stevens used his background from the cases when drafting the majority opinion in "Rasul v. Bush" (2004). The Court held that the US courts had jurisdiction in the US Circuit Court for the District of Columbia over the officers of the executive branch who were the policymakers and ultimate custodians of the detainees and the facility at Guantanamo. Ahrens v. Clark Ahrens v. Clark, 335 U.S. 188 (1948), was a United States Supreme Court case that

neg: Vance v. Terrazas lost his US citizenship, a decision which Terrazas appealed, first before the State Department's board of appellate review, and subsequently to the courts. Before the 1967 Supreme Court ruling in "Afroyim v. Rusk," US law had provided for numerous ways for citizens to lose their citizenship. In its "Afroyim" ruling, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment barred Congress from revoking anyone's citizenship without their consent. Specifically, the court held that a law automatically revoking the citizenship of anyone who had voted in a foreign election was unconstitutional and unenforceable. However, US law continued, after "Afroyim" to list several

neg: Supreme Administrative Court of Poland most business regulation is concerned. The Financial Chamber supervises the jurisdiction of regional administrative courts when it comes to fiscal obligations and other payments regulated by tax law. The General Administrative Chamber supervises the rest of the jurisdiction of regional administrative courts. Within its organization there are three organs: The President of The Supreme Administrative Court, The General Assembly of Judges and The Council of Judges. The President of the Supreme Administrative Court manages the functioning of The Supreme Administrative Court and represents it on the outside. He has the right to look into all cases pleaded in The Supreme

neg: Politics of Croatia and may serve no more than two terms. It appoints all judges and court presidents, except in case of the Supreme Court. As of January 2015, the president of the National Judicial Council is Ranko Marijan, who is also a Supreme Court judge. The State Attorney's Office represents the state in legal procedures. As of August 2012, Mladen Bajić is the General State Attorney, and there are twenty-three deputies in the central office and lower-ranking State Attorneys at fifteen county and thirty-three municipal State Attorney's Offices. The General State Attorney is appointed by the parliament. A special State Attorney's Office

neg: Third-party standing case of a bookseller suing to enforce the rights of his patrons to purchase a particular book from his store. A third party may assert the rights of another person in order to vindicate them when the other person is unable to do so. For example, the US Supreme Court has held that a white person bound by a restrictive covenant not to sell realty to a black person may assert the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendment rights of black persons not before the court. A party that represents a class in a certified class action suit may continue to represent

neg: Dwight D. Eisenhower another would have been available for the asking." Eisenhower appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States: Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name

neg: Gottschalk v. Benson they technically purported to be claiming a new machine and this, the lower patent court held, was patentable. The boundary between when a computer implemented process is purely an abstract idea (and thus not patentable) and when it is a process implementing the idea in a practical way (and thus is patentable) is still a matter of debate within the US patent office. ("The Supreme Court has not been clear . . . . . . as to whether such subject matter is excluded from the scope of 101 because it represents laws of nature, natural phenomena, or abstract ideas.")

neg: John Freshwater heard arguments on February 27, 2013. On November 20, 2013 the Supreme Court affirmed "the judgment of the court of appeals that upheld Freshwater’s termination." In April 2014, Freshwater appealed the Ohio Supreme Court ruling to the US Supreme Court. On October 6, 2014, the US Supreme Court rejected the appeal without comment, letting the Ohio Supreme Court ruling stand. On June 13, 2008, the "Doe" (pseudonym) family filed "Doe v. Mount Vernon Board of Education et al." in federal court against Freshwater and the Board of Education of the Mount Vernon City School District. The lawsuit alleged Freshwater had

neg: Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia Supreme Court of Arbitration including the Chairman are nominated by the president of Russia and appointed by the Federation Council. In order to become a judge a person must be at least 35 years old, have legal education and 10 years of experience. Only Russian nationals can serve as judges. The Chairman of the Supreme Court of Arbitration supervises the work of the court. He convenes sessions of the Presidium of the Court and plenary sessions, appoints the Court's employees and guides its work, and represents the Court in governmental offices. The current Chairman of the Court is Anton Ivanov.

neg: Breed-specific legislation only people who licensed their dogs were entitled to sue for compensation if the dog were killed, and that Mr. Sentell was not entitled to damages since he had not licensed his dog. The trial court in Orleans Parish found for Mr. Sentell and awarded him $250 US, so the railroad company appealed to the Louisiana Court of Appeal, which reversed the decision of the trial court. The Louisiana Supreme Court declined to hear the case, so Mr. Sentell then appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which agreed to hear the case. The Supreme Court ruled against

neg: Jamal Udeen Al-Harith Constitutional Rights and a private law firm. The case went through several levels of hearings: the US District Court, the Court of Appeals, and the US Supreme Court. Following the US Supreme Court's decision of "Boumediene v. Bush" (2008), which ruled that detainees had the right to access federal courts directly, the Supreme Court remanded the case to the US District Court. It dismissed the case in 2009 on the grounds of "limited immunity" for government officials, holding that at the time in question, the courts had not clearly established that torture was prohibited in the treatment of detainees at

neg: Sidley Austin manager counsel for U.S. debt and equity-related activity. The firm is particularly known for its securities practice and its international trade practice, both of which have consistently ranked first in the respective specialty rankings of Chambers and Partners. The trade group currently represents the Airbus/European Communities side in the ongoing WTO dispute with Boeing/US. The group was named the 2006 Global WTO Law Firm of the Year and ranks first, before Wilmer Hale and Steptoe & Johnson, in the European Legal 500 ranking. Its appellate and US Supreme Court practice is also particularly well-known and has been featured in "USA

neg: Lum v. Rice v. Gong Lum", which was heard in the Supreme Court of Mississippi. The Mississippi Supreme Court reversed the lower court's decision and allowed the Board of Trustees to exclude Martha Lum from the school for white children. Gong Lum appealed the state Supreme Court's ruling to the US Supreme Court. In an opinion written by Chief Justice William Howard Taft, the US Supreme Court affirmed the Mississippi supreme court's ruling and thus the position of the Board of Trustees. In the unanimous opinion, Taft held that the petitioner had not shown that there were no segregated schools accessible for the

neg: Executive Order 10988 Labor historians believe that Executive Order 10988 served as a model for public sector unionism, even for local, municipal and state employees. Membership in AFSCME increased substantially during the 1960s and 1970s, and 22 states legalized collective bargaining for public sector workers. Public sector strikes also increased many times over. In June 2018, the Supreme Court decision in the case of Janus v. AFSCME found that application of public sector union fees to government employees who are not union members represents compelled speech, and as such is a violation of First Amendment rights. This decision by the Supreme Court potentially

neg: Parmanand Jha July 2009 ordered Jha to retake the oath of office and secrecy for the second time "in accordance with the Constitution," ruling that taking oath in Hindi was not constitutional. However, Jha objected to the Supreme Court verdict, accusing the court of being biased and of conflict of interests. He stated that he would decide whether or not to retake the oath after consulting political parties and the "people he represents," i.e., the Madhesias who principally speak Maithili and Bhojpuri. He demanded changes to the law to ensure that all languages (i.e., Hindi) "are given due respect." The Supreme Court's

neg: Washington Supreme Court has been described as follows: Washington Supreme Court The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the US state of Washington. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices. Members of the Court are elected to six-year terms. Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75, per the Washington State Constitution. The Chief Justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term. The current Chief Justice is Mary Fairhurst who was elected by her peers on November 3,

neg: Washington Supreme Court Washington Supreme Court The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the US state of Washington. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices. Members of the Court are elected to six-year terms. Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75, per the Washington State Constitution. The Chief Justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term. The current Chief Justice is Mary Fairhurst who was elected by her peers on November 3, 2016. Chief Justice Mary Fairhurst

neg: Illinois v. Lidster Because a decision of the Virginia Supreme Court had reached the opposite conclusion, the US Supreme Court agreed to hear Lidster's case. In "City of Indianapolis v. Edmond", , the US Supreme Court ruled that police checkpoints set up for the purpose of "general crime control" were unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Although the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that "Edmond" required the trial court to suppress the evidence of Lidster's stop, the Court disagreed. Unlike the checkpoint in "Edmond", the "primary law enforcement purpose" of the stop in this case was to "ask vehicle occupants, as members of the public,

neg: By the Court decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada By the Court decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada have the option of releasing reasons for a unanimous decision anonymously by simply attributing the judgment to "The Court". The practice began around 1979 by Chief Justice Laskin, borrowing from the US Supreme Court practice of anonymizing certain unanimous decisions. Unlike in the US, which uses it primarily for uncontroversial cases, in Canada, it is used almost always for important and controversial cases. It has been suggested that the practice has been used to give greater authority to the decision by having the

neg: Darrell McGraw McGraw was criticized by some newspapers, state legislators, tort reform advocates, and the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce, who accuse him of cronyism, benefiting trial lawyers who contribute to his political campaigns, and inappropriate use of public resources. The WV Record is a newspaper financially supported and published by the US Chamber of Commerce. Supreme Court Attorney General Darrell McGraw Darrell Vivian McGraw Jr. (born November 8, 1936) is an American Democratic politician. He is the brother of former West Virginia State Supreme Court Justice and state Senate President Warren McGraw. He was elected the state supreme court for a

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the government, and in economic cases, where it represents pro-government votes against challenges to federal regulatory authority and pro-competition, anti-business, pro-liability, pro-injured person, and pro-bankruptcy decisions. In federalism and federal taxation cases, the term indicates pro-national government positions. A highlighted row indicates that the Justice is currently serving on the Court. Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court

neg: United States obscenity law books. Obscenity law has been criticized in the following areas: It should be noted that in light of the recent en banc decision of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, as brought by Judge Lancaster in the original "US vs. Extreme Associates" case, only the US Supreme Court is allowed to revise its earlier decision that established the "Miller" decision. The US Supreme Court refused to hear, effectively rejecting, such modification in August 2006 when the same en banc decision by the Third Circuit was sent to the US Supreme Court for review. Thus the open ended conflicting notes above

neg: President (CSRT) President (CSRT) The Combatant Status Review Tribunal the US Department of Defense commissioned, like the Tribunals described in Army Regulation 190-8, which they were modeled after, were three member panels, led by a Tribunal President. Initially United States President George W. Bush asserted that captives taken during the "Global War on Terror": This assertion was criticized by many legal scholars. And lawyers who volunteered to represent Guantanamo captives mounted legal challenges in the US Court system. The first legal challenge to be heard before the United States Supreme Court was Rasul v. Bush. The Supreme Court addressed some aspects of

neg: Judge state is called the Supreme Court of New York, and its judges are called "justices". The next highest appellate court is the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, whose judges are also called "justices". However, the highest court in New York is called the New York Court of Appeals, whose members are called "judges". Judges in certain jurisdictions, such as New York and New Jersey, who deal with guardianships, trusts and estates are known as "surrogates." A "senior judge," in US practice, is a retired judge who handles selected cases for a governmental entity while in retirement, on a part-time basis. Subordinate

neg: Stealing Klimt Altmann selected Randol Schoenberg, a Californian lawyer with an Austrian background, to represent her in her legal quest to recover the five Klimts. Altmann and Schoenberg were assisted by Hubertus Czernin, an Austrian journalist who had previously investigated and revealed the World War II activities of Kurt Waldheim, former President of Austria and UN Secretary General. Altmann's legal battle eventually ended up in the US Supreme Court where she had to face not only Austria but also the US State Department. The US Supreme Court gave jurisdiction over Austria and an Austrian arbitration panel then decided that the five paintings

neg: Horace Gray clerk. In 1881, President Chester A. Arthur nominated Gray to a vacancy on the Supreme Court of the United States; he was confirmed the following day, replacing Nathan Clifford. In 1889, Gray married Jane Matthews, who was the daughter of his former colleague on the court, Thomas Stanley Matthews. As he had been in Massachusetts, Gray was the first Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court to hire a law clerk. He used his own funds to pay the clerk's salary, as no government money was appropriated for this purpose at the time. Gray served on the US Supreme Court for

neg: Supreme Court of India 1979, two new wingsthe East Wing and the West Wingwere added to the complex. 1994 saw the last extension. On 20 February 1980, a black bronze sculpture of height was installed in the lawn of the supreme court. It portrays Mother India in the form of the figure of a lady, sheltering the young Republic of India represented by the symbol of a child, who is upholding the laws of land symbolically shown in the form of an open book. On the book, a balance beam is shown, which represents dispensation of equal justice to all. The sculpture was made

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices scale and zero point roughly correspond to DW-Nominate Common Space scores, but otherwise are arbitrary. As in the graph above, each unique color represents a particular Supreme Court seat. The black lines represent the leanings of the Chief Justices. The yellow line represents the median justice. These two graphs differ because of the choices of data sources, data coverage, coding of complicated cases, smoothing parameters, and statistical methods. Each of the lines in these graphs also has a wide band of uncertainty. Because these analyses are based on statistics and probability, it is important not to over-interpret the results. Also,

neg: Jamal Udeen Al-Harith v. Rumsfeld", which sued the United States government and the military chain of command for its interrogation tactics. The case was finally dismissed in 2009 after being remanded by the United States Supreme Court to the US District Court for the District of Columbia, on grounds of the government officials having had "limited immunity" at the time. In December 2009, the US Supreme Court declined to accept the case for hearing on appeal. The British government paid compensation to Jamal al-Harith after his release from Guantanamo. He was born Ronald Fiddler in 1966 in Manchester, England, to parents who had

neg: William Sharon a Bowie knife fight in the courtroom of the Circuit Court for the Northern District of California, an altercation between Justice Stephen Johnson Field of the US Supreme Court and David S. Terry, a former Chief Judge of the California Supreme Court and the fatal shooting of Terry by a US Marshal, both in the breakfast room of a California railroad hotel at Lathrop, which culminated in a landmark US Supreme Court decision in the case "In re Neagle (Cunningham v. Neagle)", on the supremacy of federal law over state law. 135 U.S. 1; 10 S. Ct. 658; 34 L.

neg: Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates reported to have offered to support Eisenhower's campaign in return for an appointment to the Supreme Court at the first possible opportunity. Eisenhower wanted a conservative justice and commented of Warren that "he represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". Warren was formally nominated on January 11, 1954, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 1, 1954, by voice vote. Following the death of Justice Robert H.

neg: Hurst v. Florida penalty; it leaves open, however, as in the aftermath of the "Hurst" ruling, the status of sentences passed under the now twice-struck-down provisions. Nevertheless, the court granted Hurst a new sentencing hearing following the U.S. Supreme Court ruling. The US Supreme Court had received over 83 petitions from inmates on death row in Florida who believed that their cases had been decided incorrectly based on "Hurst", in that the jury had unanimously recommended the death sentence while the judge had made the actual decision; these petitions followed after the Florida Supreme Court refused to re-hear these cases, on the basis

neg: Foster v. Chatman Georgia Supreme Court's decision in its entirety said: "Upon the consideration of the Application for Certificate of Probable Cause to appeal the denial of "habeas corpus", it is ordered that it be hereby denied. All the Justices concur, except Benham, J., who dissents." Since the petition for "certiorari" to the Supreme Court was appealing the Georgia Supreme Court's order, it was unclear whether the order "rests on an adequate and independent state law ground," which would preclude the U.S. Supreme Court's jurisdiction over Foster's federal claim. In an unusual turn of events, the US Supreme Court notified the attorneys for

neg: History of Chrysler (20%) and the US (8%) and Canadian (2%) governments. Fiat has stated it plans to increase its share to 35% if Chrysler meets certain goals. On June 8, 2009, Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who is assigned to emergency motions arising from the United States Appeals Court for the Second Circuit, in a one-sentence order, stayed the orders of the bankruptcy judge allowing the sale, pending further order by Justice Ginsburg or the Supreme Court. On June 9, 2009, the Supreme Court published its denial of the applications for a stay of the sale from the three Indiana

neg: Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices the data ends with the 2016–2017 term. The term "liberal" in the Supreme Court Database represents the voting direction of the justices across the various issue areas. It is most appropriate in the areas of criminal procedure, civil rights, and First Amendment cases, where it signifies pro-defendant votes in criminal procedure cases, pro-women or -minorities in civil rights cases, and pro-individual against the government in First Amendment cases. In takings clause cases, however, a pro-government/anti-owner vote is considered liberal. The use of the term is probably less appropriate in union cases, where it represents pro-union votes against both individuals and

neg: Joseph Arvay Supreme Court declared a section of the Criminal Code that prohibits physician-assisted death invalid. Madam Justice Lynn Smith says the Criminal Code provisions "unjustifiably infringe the equality rights" of the plaintiffs in the case, including Gloria Taylor, who suffers from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Arvay recently represented the plaintiff in a landmark case granting children of sperm donors the same rights regarding access to information about their birth parents as adopted children. Joseph Arvay stated that "this case represents a monumental victory for our client, Olivia Pratten, and all the donor offspring she represents who have for too long been

neg: Jenner & Block a Washington D.C. practice specifically focused on appeals before the U.S. Supreme Court. It was once headed by Bruce Ennis, Jr., who argued more than a dozen cases before the Supreme Court, including three cases arising under different provisions of the same law, the landmark Telecommunications Act of 1996. The appellate practice is led by Paul M. Smith, a partner with the firm. The outgoing U.S. solicitor general, Donald Verrilli Jr., is a former member of the practice. A number of lawyers in the Washington D.C. office have served as clerks to the US Supreme Court. The firm has a

neg: Akshardham Temple attack Gujarat High Court. On 7 September 2010 Ajmeri and Qayyum, who were convicted by a POTA court in Gujarat and awarded death sentence in connection with the Akshardham temple attack case, told the Supreme Court that the investigation was faulty. Nevertheless, the Gujarat High Court had affirmed the Special POTA Court verdict. On their plea that challenged the High Court verdict, "the Supreme Court stayed the death sentence and issued notice to Gujarat." In October 2010, David Coleman Headley, a Pakistani-American Lashkar Operative informed US and Indian investigators that Muzzamil, aide of LeT's Chief Military commander Zaki-ur-Rehman Lahvi, was involved

neg: Stephen Snyder-Hill Supreme Court right before the DOMA judgment. They were all married on the steps of the supreme court. During the ceremony, one of the guards came over and said to them that they were not allowed to protest, and he could not let them up on the grounds of the US Supreme Court as a group, but he said "By God, nothing is preventing each couple from walking up there as a couple." So they did just that, as they were married they each walked down the steps of the US Supreme court as Snyder-Hill and Joshua read out their

neg: Mahmoud Omar Mohammed Bin Atef Their arrival stirred controversy. Two Ghanaians, Margaret Banful and Henry Nana Boakye filed a civil suit against senior officials who played a role in accepting the two men. They argued that former President, John Dramani Mahama was constitutionally obliged to consult with Ghana's Parliament. The case went all the way to Ghana's Supreme Court. The appellants appeal called for the diplomatic note between Mahana and US President Barack Obama to be made public. In April 2017, the Supreme Court examined the note, in Camera, since the current government claimed its contents required it to be kept secret. The Supreme Court

neg: Prenatal cocaine exposure in her third trimester of pregnancy was sentenced to prison for eight years when her child was born with cocaine metabolites in its system. The Supreme Court of South Carolina upheld this conviction. As of 2013, all but one of the women prosecuted in the US for drug use while pregnant have won their cases on appeal. From 1989 to 1994, in the midst of public outcry about cocaine babies, the Medical University of South Carolina tested pregnant women for cocaine, reporting those who tested positive to the police. The US Supreme Court found the policy to be unacceptable on

neg: Jeffrey Trammell LGBT diversity. Trammell is the great-nephew of Park Trammell, a Florida politician who served as governor and US senator. He married Stuart Serkin, whom he met in 1977 while taking the Florida bar examination, on October 29, 2013 at the United States Supreme Court. Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor presided over his wedding. It is believed to be the second same-sex marriage performed in the Supreme Court building. Jeffrey Trammell Jeffrey B. Trammell is an American public affairs consultant and higher education official. He has served as an advisor to U.S. presidential candidates and as Rector of the

neg: Personal Representative (CSRT) Personal Representative (CSRT) The Personal Representative is an officer who serves before the Combatant Status Review Tribunals, convened for the captives the United States holds in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. Initially United States President George W. Bush asserted that captives taken during the "Global War on Terror": This assertion was criticized by many legal scholars, and lawyers who volunteered to represent Guantanamo captives mounted legal challenges in the US Court system. The first legal challenge to be heard before the United States Supreme Court was Rasul v. Bush. The Supreme Court addressed some aspects

neg: Al Odah v. United States or not." "The New York Times" Editorial Board addressed the case in their October 23 editorial, "The Supreme Court Showdown of the Year." The Times said "it is important for the Supreme Court to make clear that the detainees have a constitutional right to have a judge determine whether they are being properly held." The "Village Voice" wrote on November 6 that "we will know by the end of the court's term next year whether this Supreme Court...will continue to enforce the essential American principle that none of us is above the law—not even the person who strides to the

neg: Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County of Virginia. The state court ruled against the plaintiffs, who appealed the case to the U.S. District Court. The students' request was unanimously rejected by a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court. "We have found no hurt or harm to either race," the court ruled. The case was then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court and consolidated with four other cases from other districts around the country into the famous "Brown v. Board of Education" case. In it, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public education was, effectively, unconstitutional and illegal. The ruling was extremely unpopular among

neg: Ward (law) in the US wards of the states in which they reside. The government or state is in loco parentis to the child, which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child's behalf. In Canada people of Native American status remain wards of the Crown as a result of Indian Act legislation. Some scholars and political organizations, such as the Assembly of First Nations, have argued that this represents an apartheid-like system of governance. In the Supreme Court case "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia", the native peoples were legally made to be wards of the

neg: Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education the Superior Court upon the return of the cause from the Supreme Court of the State, refused the relief asked by the plaintiffs, and dismissed their petition. Thereafter, the plaintiffs appealed that order to the US Supreme Court as being in derogation of their rights under the US Constitution. The Supreme Court affirmed on economic arguments, among others. It claimed that there are many more colored children than white children in the area and that the Board could not afford to supply everyone with education. The court reasoned that there was a choice between educating 60 white children and educating

neg: South Carolina v. Katzenbach it dealt with both state sovereignty and the power of the legislative branch. The decision represents a rare instance of the Supreme Court exercising its right of original jurisdiction, as the case was filed directly in the Supreme Court by the state of South Carolina, rather than being appealed from a lower court. The court intentionally heard the case prior to the 1966 so their decision would be in effect for the presidential election that year. In his opinion for the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that the Voting Rights Act was a valid exercise of Congress' power under

neg: Illinois Channel 2003. The Illinois Channel was the first—and to date only—broadcaster which the Illinois Supreme Court allowed to use two cameras to record its proceedings. Under the rules of the Illinois Supreme Court, only one camera is allowed in the Chamber. In November 2003, then Illinois State Senator Barack Obama seeking the Democratic nomination for the US Senate seat, was interviewed on the Illinois Channel. Obama, who was running behind candidate Blair Hull at the time, went on to win the nomination, the seat in the US Senate, and in 2008, was elected the 44th President of the United States. In

neg: Ibrahim al Qosi including part of the [[Geneva Conventions]]. This ruling applied to all four of the detainees who had been charged by the military commission. On July 15, 2005, a three-judge appeals panel overturned Robertson's ruling, setting the commissions back in motion. On November 7, 2005, the [[US Supreme Court]] announced that they would be reviewing "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld." Qosi's case was stayed, pending the outcome of "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld." In "[[Hamdan v. Rumsfeld]]" (2006), decided in July, the [[US Supreme Court]] ruled that the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] [[United States President|Presidency]] lacked the [[United States Constitution|constitutional authority]] to set up the military

neg: Second Amendment Foundation prohibited from exercising their right to bear arms. Alan Gura, who successfully argued "Heller" and "McDonald" before the Supreme Court, is lead counsel in this case. In 2018, the Foundation joined in a lawsuit against Alameda County, which had passed an ordinance that prohibits gun stores from being located within 500 feet of a residential zone. The Plaintiffs won before a 3-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court, but the decision was reversed by the full appeals court sitting "en banc". The plaintiffs filed for a Writ of Certiorari seeking a hearing before the US Supreme Court. The Court rejected

neg: Charles Robert Sherman Ohio Supreme Court, where he continued to serve until his sudden death in 1829. The Supreme Court rode a circuit in those days, and Sherman died while holding court in Lebanon, Ohio, where he was buried. He was later re-interred in Elmwood Cemetery, Lancaster, Ohio. Judge Sherman left his widow with no means of support and eleven children, the oldest eighteen years of age, the youngest an infant. Among them were US Judge Charles Taylor Sherman and William Tecumseh Sherman, who was sent to live with Judge Sherman's friend Thomas Ewing and his wife Maria, and who would famously serve

neg: Irene Morgan the help of the NAACP, was taken to the Virginia Supreme Court. The supreme court ruled her in violation of the law. Morgan then took her case to the U.S. Supreme Court and won. Her case, "Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia", , was argued by William H. Hastie, the former governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and later a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP was co-counsel. He later was appointed as a US Supreme Court justice. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-1 in 1946 that Virginia's state law

neg: Ableman v. Booth in Wisconsin from US Marshal Stephen V. R. Ableman. Booth sought a writ of "habeas corpus" from a Wisconsin state judge. The Wisconsin judge granted the writ, ordering Booth released from federal custody. The US Marshal appealed to the state supreme court, which ruled the federal law unconstitutional and affirmed Booth's release. When Ableman turned to the federal courts, the Wisconsin Supreme Court refused to recognize the authority of the federal courts, again ordered Booth's release, and declared the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 unconstitutional. The Wisconsin Supreme Court thereby attempted to annul the judgment of the federal court. Glover

neg: King v. Smith King v. Smith King v. Smith, 392 U.S. 309 (1968), was a decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) could not be withheld because of the presence of a "substitute father" who visited a family on weekends. The issue before the US Supreme Court involved how the states could determine how to implement a federal program. The court used the term "co-operative federalism." Mrs. Sylvester Smith was a Dallas County, Alabama resident who had four children, without a biological father providing support. The father of three of her

neg: United States v. Jones (1883) resulted in a verdict for the property owners for $10,000. The government appealed to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, where the verdict was affirmed. Following the decision by the Wisconsin Supreme Court, the US government appealed to the United States Supreme Court. The case was submitted to the United States Supreme Court on October 11th, 1883 and Justice Stephen Johnson Field delivered the unanimous opinion of the Court which affirmed the Wisconsin Supreme Court. The Court based its opinion on a bill which was passed by Congress and approved on March 3rd, 1875 which provides that the value of any property

neg: MTN Group Group denied the allegations, saying that it complied with US sanctions against Iran. Turkey's Turkcell filed a $4.2 billion lawsuit in Washington, D.C., in 2012 alleging the company used bribery to win a mobile licence in Iran that was first awarded to Turkcell. The court delayed the case in October 2012 pending a US Supreme Court decision on the Alien Tort Statute, the US human rights law on which Turkcell's suit is based. In May 2013, Turkcell dropped its multibillion-dollar US lawsuit against MTN Group, citing a US Supreme Court ruling that hurt its case. On 27 November 2013,Turkcell resued

neg: Katherine Harris ruling was upheld in the state circuit court, but was subsequently overturned on appeal by the Florida Supreme Court. The Florida Supreme Court decision was reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court in "Bush v. Gore". (2000) In a per curiam decision, by a 7-2 vote, the Court in "Bush v. Gore" held that the Florida Supreme Court's method for recounting ballots was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. By a 5–4 vote, the US Supreme Court held that no alternative method for a recount could be established within the time limits set by the State

neg: Cohiba (cigar brand) that they must pass the brand name to us. This is the first condition. Immediately. If not, forget about it," Padrón declared. US Supreme Court hands Cuba a victory over its cigars February 25, 2015 The US Supreme Court declined to intervene in a long-running battle between a US and Cuban company over the Cohiba cigar trademark. By refusing to hear an appeal, the country's highest court leaves intact a ruling in favor of the Cuban firm. Due to a US trade embargo with Cuba, Cubatabaco cannot sell its Cohiba cigars in the United States while they are sold worldwide

neg: Gregory v. City of Chicago not disperse and were consequently arrested, and subsequently convicted by a jury, of violating Chicago's disorderly conduct ordinance. The protesters appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court. That court upheld their conviction, holding that the protesters' refusal to obey the police order justified the convictions. Aided by the ACLU, the protesters appealed to the US Supreme Court. The US Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, overturned the conviction for several reasons: Justice Hugo Black, in a concurring opinion, argued that arresting demonstrators as a consequence of unruly behavior of bystanders would amount to a "heckler's veto." Gregory v. City of Chicago

neg: Black v. United States The final acts of clemency of Bush's presidency were announced on his last full day of office, January 19, 2009. Black's name was not included in the list of commuted sentences. The US Supreme Court heard an appeal of Black's fraud conviction on 8 December 2009. Black's application for bail pending his appeal was turned down by the Supreme Court and subsequently by Judge St. Eve of the US District Court. The Supreme Court only reviewed Black's fraud convictions and did not reconsider his conviction for obstruction of justice for which he received a sentence concurrent with his sentence for

neg: Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination Following the February 2016 death of Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court Antonin Scalia, President Barack Obama nominated Merrick Garland to fill Scalia's seat on the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016. At the time of his nomination, Garland was the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Scalia's death led to an unusual situation in which a Democratic president had the opportunity to appoint a Supreme Court nominee while the Republicans controlled the United States Senate; before Scalia's death, such a situation last occurred when

neg: Torosyan v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Torosyan v. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Torosyan v Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 662 A2d 89 (1995) is a US labor law case, concerning the contract of employment in state law for labor rights. It represents the approach in Connecticut. Anushavan Torosyan claimed that he was unjustly terminated, because he was promised in an old staff handbook that he could be dismissed for good cause only. This was left out of the new handbook, but Torosyan had not agreed to any change. The Supreme Court of Connecticut held the original promise was one an employee could rely upon. An employer could

neg: Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co. the "Peevyhouse" rule in "Schneberger v. Apache Corp.," 890 P.2d 847 (Okla. 1994), declaring "[w]hatever the rationale, the essence of the "Peevyhouse" holding--to award diminution in value rather, than cost of performance, has been consistently adhered to... and it still represents the majority view." Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co. Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co., 382 P.2d 109 (Okla. 1962), is a US contract law case decided by the Supreme Court of Oklahoma. It concerns the question of when specific performance of a contractual obligation will be granted and the measure of expectation damages. Willie and Lucille

neg: Computer & Communications Industry Association surveillance by the US National Security Agency CCIA has also lobbied for patent litigation reform, including the Innovation Act, and provides the website Patent Progress, which is dedicated to patent issues. Patents: CCIA represents companies that hold patents and also rely on licensing patents from others to produce interoperable tech products. CCIA supports balanced intellectual property policies that support both patent holders and next generation innovation. It maintains a blog, Patent Progress, that covers issues like patent reform. CCIA filed an amicus brief in the Apple Samsung design patent case, which the court ultimately used in its ruling. The Supreme

neg: Khawaja Muhammad Islam Kong, Bangkok and Malaysia. He is a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) in Faisalabad . He represents PP-72 (Faisalabad-XXII). On July 18, 2013, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, initiated criminal proceedings against him for holding a fake degree. His victory notification from PP-72 also got suspended. After Trail in sesseion court as well as high court ans supreme court of Pakistan khawaja Muhammad Islam acquit form Fake DGREE CASES.In fact he is Khoja Sheikh and his subcaste is Narag, a subcaste of Aroras. Khawaja Muhammad Islam Khawaja Muhammad Islam is son of Mr Muhammad Din .Khawaja Muhammad Islam

neg: Time, Inc. v. Hill Supreme Court, Appellate Division remanded the case for a new trial. After litigation through the court system in New York, a decision was found in favor of the plaintiff, with damages awarded of US$30,000. Time, Inc. appealed the matter to the U.S. Supreme Court, where the Hill family position was argued by lawyer Richard Nixon, who later became the President of the United States. The position of "Life" magazine was argued before the Court by attorney Harold R. Medina, Jr. (son of U.S. federal judge Harold Medina). In his opening argument he asserted that the privacy law in question in

neg: News Media Guild before the U.S. Supreme Court (Associated Press v N.L.R.B, 301 U.S. 103), which held that the First Amendment did not give media employers immunity from labor laws. That case involved an editorial worker who edited and rewrote news copy. News Media Guild The News Media Guild, formerly known as the Wire Service Guild, is local union 31222 of The NewsGuild, which is a sector of the Communications Workers of America. Most of its members are employees of the Associated Press, where the union represents reporters, editors, photographers, broadcast staff, payroll clerks and computer technicians. It also represents employees of United

neg: First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles Angeles to recover the property tax charges weighed by the County. Four years later, on June 30, 1958, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of First Church in court case: 357 US 545 First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles v. County of Los Angeles, California. In a 7 to 1 decision, with Justice Brennan writing for the majority opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the State's loyalty oath requirement. (Chief Justice Earl Warren, who had signed the Levering Act when he was the Governor of California prior to joining the court on January 11, 1954, recused himself.) BURR was

neg: Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination Goldstein of SCOTUSblog suggested in February 2016 that the Court was more likely to set evenly-divided cases for reargument after a new justice is appointed to the Court. However, the Court split 4–4 in at least five cases of the 2015 term: Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination Following the February 2016 death of Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court Antonin Scalia, President Barack Obama nominated Merrick Garland to fill Scalia's seat on the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016. At the time of his nomination, Garland was the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the