query: when did goa became part of independent india

pos: History of Goa Salazar regime of Portugal to grant their Indian colonies independence, but when that failed, on 18 December 1961, Indian troops crossed the border into Goa and "liberated" it. Operation Vijay involved sustained land, sea and air strikes for more than thirty-six hours; it resulted in the unconditional surrender of Portuguese forces on 19 December. A United Nations resolution "condemning" the invasion was proposed by the United States and the United Kingdom in the United Nations Security Council, but would be vetoed by the USSR. The territory of Goa was under military rule for five months. However, the previous civil service

neg: Belgaum the venue of the 39th session of the Indian National Congress in December 1924 under the presidency of Mahatma Gandhiji. The city served as a major military installation for the British Raj, primarily due to its proximity to Goa, which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian government continued and still continues to have armed forces installations in Belgaum. In 1961, the Indian government, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, used forces from Belgaum to end Portuguese rule of Goa. When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of Bombay State. In

neg: Goa liberation movement had gained momentum, inspired by the Indian independence movement, which had entered its crucial phase, as well as the 1946 British announcement to grant India independence, after which Indian leaders focused their attention on the movements in Portuguese India and French India that sought to join the newly independent Indian state. When Bragança Cunha was arrested in 1946, A.G. Tendulkar became the president of the Goa Congress and organised a meeting in Londa (outside Goa). Dr Julião Menezes studied in Goa and after finishing Lyceum, (Portuguese high school) he attended Berlin University in the 1920s and graduated in medicine –

neg: Annexation of Goa Portugal asserted that its territory on the Indian subcontinent was not a colony but part of metropolitan Portugal and hence its transfer was non-negotiable, and that India had no rights to this territory because the Republic of India did not exist at the time when Goa came under Portuguese rule. When the Portuguese government refused to respond to subsequent aide-mémoires in this regard, the Indian government, on 11 June 1953, withdrew its diplomatic mission from Lisbon. By 1954, the Republic of India instituted visa restrictions on travel from Goa to India which paralysed transport between Goa and other exclaves like

neg: History of Goa in the book "Boarding Party" by James Leasor. Due to the potential political ramifications of the fact that Britain had violated Portuguese neutrality, the raid remained secret until the book was published in 1978. In 1980 the story was made into the film, "The Sea Wolves", starring Gregory Peck, David Niven and Roger Moore. When India became independent in 1947, Goa remained under Portuguese control. The Indian government of Jawaharlal Nehru insisted that Goa, along with a few other minor Portuguese holdings, be turned over to India. However, Portugal refused. By contrast, France, which also had small enclaves in India

neg: History of the Indian Navy numbers of Indian troops overseas during World War I, and – as the Royal Indian Navy – took part in combat and protected communications during World War II. When India became independent in 1947 part of the Royal Indian Navy was allotted to the new state of Pakistan; the remaining Indian force took the title of Indian Navy in 1950. The Indian Navy took part in the annexation of Goa in 1961, in wars with Pakistan in 1965 and 1971, and in more recent smaller-scale operations. India has a rich maritime history dating back 5,000 years. The world's first tidal

neg: Goa liberation movement Union Territory. Dadra and Nagar Haveli,which was previously a part of the Estado da India, but independent between 1954 and 1961, became a separate Union Territory. In October 1962, Panchayat elections were held in Goa, followed by assembly elections in December 1962. On 16 January 1967, a referendum was held in which the people of Goa voted against merger with Maharashtra. Portugal recognised Goa's accession into the Indian union only in 1974. In 1987, Goa was separated from Daman and Diu and made a full-fledged state. Daman and Diu continued as a new Union Territory. Due to an unabated influx

neg: North Goa district haven for the Hindus who were living under continuous fear of the Portuguese Inquisition. These territories were conquered by Portuguese as part of New Conquest in late 18th centuries. These territories then remain with the Portuguese till 1961 when it was annexed by India. Goa and two other former Portuguese enclaves became the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, and Goa was organised into a single district in 1965. On 30 May 1987, Goa attained statehood (while Daman and Diu remained a union territory), and Goa was reorganised into two districts, North Goa and South Goa. Lured by the

neg: Goa Opinion Poll Goa voted against the merger and Goa continued to be a union territory. Subsequently, in 1987, Goa became a full-fledged state within the Indian Union. India gained its independence from the British in 1947. Goa was the largest part of the Portuguese possession in India, the other territories being small enclaves. In 1961, India incorporated these territories after a military invasion. At the time of Goa’s accession into India, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had promised that Goa would retain its distinct identity. Even prior to the annexation of Goa, Nehru had promised that the people of Goa would be consulted

neg: India–Portugal relations the question presented "could not be discussed, much less accept the solution that was proposed." Portugal asserted that its territory in India was not a colony but part of metropolitan Portugal and hence its transfer was non-negotiable; and that the India had no rights to this territory since the Republic of India did not exist when Goa came under Portuguese rule. The Portuguese constitution, which affirmed that the diplomatic and military defence of sovereignty was imperative, was amended in 1951 to explicitly designate colonies in India and Africa as 'Overseas Colonies' although Goa had been treated as one since 1518.

neg: Portuguese India and naval support. The Governor of Portuguese India signed the Instrument of Surrender on 19 December 1961, ending 450 years of Portuguese rule in India. Dadra and Nagar Haveli existed as a "de facto" independent entity from its independence in 1954 until its merger with the Republic of India in 1961. Following the annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu, the new territories became Union Territories within the Indian Union as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Goa, Daman and Diu. Maj. Gen. K. P. Candeth was declared as military governor of Goa, Daman and Diu. Goa's first general elections were held

neg: Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin as an archdiocese and Goa as its suffragon, deputing the whole of India under the diocese of Goa. When the diocese of Goa was established in 1534, Cochin became part of the new diocese. The diocese of Cochin was erected on Febr. 4, 1557 by Pope Paul IV in his Decree Pro Excellenti Praeeminentia. The Pope also declared the magnificent Portuguese Church of Santa Cruz as the Cathedral of the new diocese. At that time, Cochin was the second diocese in India and had the jurisdiction over the whole of South, East India, Burma and Ceylon. The first bishop of

neg: Goa Special Status referendum to have been held in independent India. The people of Goa voted against the merger and Goa continued to be a union territory. Subsequently, in 1987, Goa became a full-fledged state within the Indian Union. Dr. Jack de Sequeira was the founder president of the United Goans Party. He played a pivotal role in convincing the government of India to hold an opinion poll to decide the issue of the merger of Goa into the state of Maharashtra Recently, there has been a renewed surge in the support for Romi Konkani and in the demand for official recognition for

neg: Brazilians in India Brazilians in India Brazilians in India form a small community consisting of immigrants and expatriates (mostly footballers and fashion models) from Brazil. There are small Brazilian communities in Chennai, Goa and Mumbai. Currently, there are about 40 Brazilian families in Goa itself and there is a Brazilian consulate located in Mumbai. Many Brazilians settled in Goa because its culturally similar to Brazil as they were both former Portuguese colonies. Brazilian culture is also visible in Goa. Samba music and dance became part of the local festivities of Goa Carnival in 2008 and Goa has been promoting Brazilian studies. Goa University

neg: John Sherman Cooper near India had granted them to the new independent nation in 1947, Portugal refused to surrender Goa, and the region had become a source of conflict between the two nations. The joint communiqué seemed to indicate U.S. recognition of Portuguese sovereignty in Goa, which undercut Cooper's assurances to the Indians of U.S. neutrality in the matter. Cooper himself did not know about the communiqué until he read an account of it in the Indian media and was therefore unprepared to offer an explanation for it when asked by the Indian Foreign Secretary. Cooper's cable to Washington, D.C. about the matter

neg: Annexation of Goa Oerlikon gun, one based in each of Goa, Daman and Diu. There were also five merchant marine ships in Goa. An attempt by Portugal to send naval warships to Goa to reinforce its marine defences was foiled when President Nasser of Egypt denied the ships access to the Suez Canal. Portuguese ground defences were organised as the Land Forces of the State of India (FTEI, "Forças Terrestres do Estado da Índia"), under the Portuguese Army's Independent Territorial Command of India, headed by Brigadier António José Martins Leitão. At the time of the invasion, they consisted of a total of 3,995

neg: Emblem of Goa Emblem of India, the Lions of Sarnath, and the arms are supported by two open hands. Goa was a part of Portugal from 1510 until 1961 when it was annexed by India. Emblem of Goa The Emblem of Goa is the official emblem of the Government of Goa, a state of India. The seal depicts a "Vriksha Deep", a type of diya lamp, at its centre. The lamp represents enlightenment through knowledge and is surrounded by a stylised design of coconut leaves which represent the bountiful and beautiful aspects of Goa. A Sanskrit motto appears above the lamp and can

neg: Annexation of Goa Nicolau Gonçalves in 1972, who became the first native-born Patriarch in 1978. Upon independence in 1947 India had accorded recognition to the Portuguese sovereignty over Goa. After invading Goa India's case was built around the illegality of colonial acquisitions. This argument was correct according to the legal norms of the twentieth century, but did not hold to the standards of sixteenth century international law. India gained sympathy from much of the international community, but this did not, however, signify any legal support for the invasion. The Indian Supreme Court recognised the validity of the annexation and rejected the continued applicability

neg: Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Po–Pz) British India were also valid until 1877. Standard Portuguese types such as the Ceres issue were used until 1925 when specific types began to be produced. All stamps were inscribed INDIA in some way; from 1946, the inscription was usually ESTADO DA INDIA. In 1950, newly independent India demanded the transfer of the Portuguese territories but Portugal refused. India set up a land blockade in 1954 and then annexed the territories on 17 December 1961. Stamps of India were introduced on 29 December 1961. Goa became a State of India in 1987 while Daman and Diu (combined) is a Union

neg: 1987 Daman and Diu by-election who all lost their deposits; M.B. Madhavbhai (independent, 852 votes), M.G. Ramzan (independent, 469 votes), B.R. Bhikabhai (NPI, 343 votes), D.B. Mohanlal (independent, 255 votes) and F.A. Anton (independent, 243 votes). 1987 Daman and Diu by-election In May 1987 the Indian Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was bifurcated, as Goa attained statehood. Daman and Diu became a Union Territory of its own. Subsequently a by-election for a new Daman and Diu seat in the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of India) was held on November 7, 1987. The by-election was won by the Indian National Congress

neg: Goa Opinion Poll Goa Opinion Poll The Goa Opinion Poll was a referendum held in the state of Goa, India, on 16 January 1967, to decide the future of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu within the Indian Union. Although popularly called an opinion poll, it was in fact, a referendum, as the results of the poll were binding on the government of India. The referendum offered the people of Goa a choice between continuing as a union territory or merging with the state of Maharashtra. It is the only referendum to have been held in independent India. The people of

neg: Osmanabad by the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Rashtrakutas, and Yadavas. In early centuries the city belonged to the Hindu Chalukyas and Devagiri Yadavas, but later became a part of the Bahmani and Bijapur kingdoms. For a period of time, Osmanabad was also ruled by the Mughals, Bahmani, Nizam and Adil Shah kingdoms. Before the Hyderabad Nizam's rule, it was under control of the Mughal King Aurangzeb. Being under the Nizam rule, the district did not celebrate its freedom when the rest of India became independent in 1947. However, soon in 1948, Hyderabad State was merged with independent India and the district became a

neg: Ramakant Khalap Constitution of India, the then Governor of Goa did not make Khalap Chief Minister of Goa. Khalap was Law Minister of India. As Law Minister he enacted the Arbitration Act of India and drafted revolutionary amendments to The Code of Civil Procedure of India and the Code of Criminal Procedures of India. Khalap introduced the Women's Reservation Bill in the Parliament. Khalap has been Leader of Opposition of Goa Assembly, President of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, Deputy Chief Minister of Goa, Finance Minister of Goa, Minister of Water Resources of Goa, Minister of Social Welfare Department of Goa, Minister for

neg: British Raj India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern part of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma, was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948. The British Raj extended over almost all present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, except for small holdings by other European nations such as Goa and Pondicherry. This

neg: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Nagar Haveli, with the help of volunteers of organisations like the United Front of Goans (UFG), the National Movement Liberation Organisation (NMLO), and the Azad Gomantak Dal, conquered the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli from Portuguese India in 1954. As time passed the Indian Independence Struggle picked up momentum. On 18 June 1946, Ram Manohar Lohia was arrested in Goa. This was the beginning of the Independence struggle in Goa. He was deported to India. On 15 August 1947, India became independent from the British rule, but the Portuguese and other European colonies were not immediately incorporated. The

neg: Portuguese India the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza's dowry to Charles II of England. Most of the Northern Province was lost to the Marathas of the Maratha Empire in 1739 when the Maratha General Chimnaji Appa defeated the Portuguese. Later Portugal acquired Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1779. Goa was briefly occupied by the British from 1799 to 1813. In 1843 the capital was shifted to Panjim, then renamed "Nova Goa", when it officially became the administrative seat of Portuguese India, replacing the city of Velha Goa (now Old Goa), although the Viceroys lived there already since 1 December 1759. Before moving

neg: Brazil–India relations Brazil–India relations Brazil–India relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of India. One of the major sources of tension between the two nations was the decolonisation process of the Portuguese enclaves in India, principally Goa. Despite pressure from India on Portugal to retreat from the subcontinent, Brazil supported Portugal’s claim for Goa. Brazil only changed course in 1961, when it became increasingly clear that India would succeed in taking control of Goa by force from an increasingly feeble Portugal, which faced too many internal problems to pose a potent military threat to

neg: J. F. R. Jacob his retirement from the army, Jacob entered a career in business. In the late 1990s, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in the late 1990s and served as its security adviser. He was appointed as governor of the state of Goa in 1998, and later served as governor of Punjab from 1999 to 2003. He was appointed as the governor of Goa and later appointed the governor of Punjab. He was a supporter of improved India–Israel relations. When the Bharatiya Janata Party became part of the ruling coalition government of India in 1998, one of their first priorities was to

neg: Western India Dandi March took place in Gujarat. The region became part of independent India in 1947, and the present state boundaries were drawn based on linguistic considerations in 1956. The region consists of the predominantly arid to semi-arid region of Saurashtra and Kutch in the North. The region South of that of Cambay and Southern Gujarat makes the northern semi arid region and the southern humid region submerge. The Western Ghats lie along the coast of South Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa. The Deccan plains of the Vidarbha, Marathwada in central and eastern Maharashtra define the rest of the region. The vegetation

neg: Brazil–India relations origin. Diplomatic relations between India and Brazil were established in 1948. The Indian Embassy opened in Rio de Janeiro on May 3, 1948, moving to Brasília on August 1, 1971. One of the major sources of tension between the two nations was the decolonisation process of the Portuguese enclaves in India, principally Goa. Despite pressure from India on Portugal to retreat from the subcontinent, Brazil supported Portugal’s claim for Goa. Brazil only changed course in 1961, when it became increasingly clear that India would succeed in taking control of Goa by force from an increasingly feeble Portugal, which faced too

neg: The Goa Inquisition wounds, recalling the dismal record of European religious intolerance" in India "through the most pitiless inquisition of Christendom". Priolkar did not exaggerate the intolerant zeal of the Christian Missionaries, nor did he try to understand it. The Goa Inquisition The Goa Inquisition, Being a Quatercentenary Commemoration Study of the Inquisition in India is a book published by Bombay University Press and authored by Indian historian Anant Priolkar. It provides the most comprehensive account of the Goa Inquisition held by Portuguese colonialists in Goa, India in the 16th century and details the wholesale massacres of Hindus, Muslims, Indian Jews and non-Catholic

neg: Goan Catholics under the British Empire Goan Catholics under the British Empire Goan Catholics are Roman Catholics from Goa, a state on the western coast of India. They are Konkani people and speak the Konkani language. They were converted by the Portuguese from 1560 onwards. Goa was a Portuguese colony and subsequently a territory from 1510–1962. While most Goan Catholics remained in Goa, some did not accept the leadership of the Portuguese and emigrated to many British colonies of India. Goans first worked for the British in 1779 at the time of the French Revolution, when the naval fleet of the British India Government was stationed

neg: Goa Public Service Commission Union territory in 1962, the Union Public Service Commission was responsible for civil service recruitment and other service-related matters. When Goa became a State of India in 1987, it became entitled to have its own Public Service Commission. The Goa Public Service Commission was set up on 30 May 1988. The first chairman was J.C. Alemeida. Goa Public Service Commission The Goa Public Service Commission is a constitutional body of the government of the Indian state of Goa, with responsibility for selection and examination of civil service employees. The Government of Goa is required to consult it on matters relating

neg: Waves (festival) festival in Goa. Many colleges from Goa and Mumbai participated in Waves in the subsequent years and Waves became the biggest and most coveted cultural festival in Goa. Waves then reached another milestone in 2008 when it entered the mainstream and came to be known as a popular National Cultural Festival in India, which had a theme suiting the culture of Goa- “Nirvana”. This edition of Waves was such a big success that the year 2009 saw two editions of this festival. The fame and glamour of Waves attracted participants from all over India, and the festival exponentially grew in

neg: History of South India 1968, and Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1972. Portuguese India, which included Goa, was annexed by India in 1961, and Goa became a state in 1987. The enclaves of French India were ceded to India in the 1950s, and the southern four were organised into the union territory of Puducherry. History of South India The history of the southern part of India covers a span of over four thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a number of dynasties and empires. The period of known history of the region begins with the Iron age

neg: Rohan Khaunte Rohan Khaunte Rohan Ashok Khaunte (born 25 February 1974) is an Indian Businessman and Politician from Goa. He is the MLA from Porvorim constituency from the North Goa district. Rohan first contested the Goa assembly elections in 2012 as an independent candidate from the newly formed Porvorim Constituency and won by a majority of votes. He created history in 2017, by becoming the first Independent MLA to be re-elected in Goa. He currently represents the constituency of Porvorim as MLA and has been appointed as Minister of Revenue, Information Technology and Labour & Employment, Govt of Goa, India. Born in

neg: Castle Rock, Karnataka Margao with the rest of India and was the only rail link in the state till the Konkan Railway started services in the early 1990s. In the early 1990s, the Indian Railways converted the metre gauge line to broad gauge, thus connecting the old rail network with the rest of India. Metre gauge tracks can still be seen at the Castle Rock railway station. An international connection that did exist in the past but is no longer a possibility is that between India both British India and independent India and the territory of Goa, which until 1961 was a colony

neg: Annexation of Goa fostering widespread public support in India for military action in Goa. The hostilities between India and Portugal started seven years before the invasion of Goa, when Dadra and Nagar Haveli were invaded and occupied by pro-Indian forces with the support of the Indian authorities. Dadra and Nagar Haveli were two Portuguese landlocked exclaves of the Daman district, totally surrounded by Indian territory. The connection between the exclaves and the coastal territory of Daman had to be made by crossing about of Indian territory. Dadra and Nagar Haveli did not have any Portuguese military garrison, but only police forces. The Indian

neg: Annexation of Goa which called for paralysing port operations at Mormugao and Bombay by planting bombs in some of the ships anchored at the ports. On 20 June 1964, Casimiro Monteiro, a Portuguese PIDE agent of Goan descent, along with Ismail Dias, a Goan settled in Portugal, executed a series of bombings in Goa. Relations between India and Portugal thawed only in 1974, when, following an anti-colonial military coup d'état and the fall of the authoritarian rule in Lisbon, Goa was finally recognised as part of India, and steps were taken to re-establish diplomatic relations with India. On 31 December 1974, a treaty

neg: Konkani language agitation and Gujarati for Daman and Diu. On 30 May 1987 Goa got statehood with Konkani as the sole official language.The Kendra Sahitya Academy recognised Konkani, in the Devanagari script, as an independent language on 26 February 1975. This paved the way for the decision to include Konkani in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution making Konkani one of the official languages of India. The struggle for Konkani in Goa, did not go unnoticed in Canara and Travancore. The Konkani speakers in Canara (currently Uttara Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada) and Travancore (currently Cochin and Ernakulam), inspired by the writings

neg: Goa liberation movement to react to the situation. NATO member nations had a pact to protect each other in the event that any member state came under attack from an external force. Although the NATO treaty did not cover colonies, Portugal insisted that its overseas interests were not colonies but an integral part of the Nation of Portugal. Hence, in order for India to avoid NATO involvement in Goa, the Indian government was impeded from speaking out against Portugal's response to satyagraha protest actions. In 1954, the Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti (All-Party Goa Liberation Committee), was formed with the aim of continuing the

neg: Goa trance Goa trance Goa trance is an electronic music style that originated during the late 1980s in Goa, India. Goa trance often has funky, drone-like basslines, similar to the techno minimalism of 21st century psytrance. The music has its roots in the popularity of Goa in the late 1960s and early 1970s as a hippie capital, and although musical developments were incorporating elements of industrial music and electronic body music (EBM), with the spiritual culture in India throughout the 1980s, the actual Goa trance style did not appear until the early 1990s. The music played was a blend of styles loosely

neg: Rohan Khaunte to Indian democracy and conferred the "AdarshYuva Award" by the Bharatiya Chhatra Sansad Foundation, headed by former Chief Election Commissioner of India Shri T.N. Seshan. Rohan Khaunte Rohan Ashok Khaunte (born 25 February 1974) is an Indian Businessman and Politician from Goa. He is the MLA from Porvorim constituency from the North Goa district. Rohan first contested the Goa assembly elections in 2012 as an independent candidate from the newly formed Porvorim Constituency and won by a majority of votes. He created history in 2017, by becoming the first Independent MLA to be re-elected in Goa. He currently represents the

neg: Margaret Mascarenhas print and online publications, including "Outlook", "India Today", "TOI Crest", "Hindustan Times", "Goa Today", and "The Navhind Times Panorama". Margaret Mascarenhas Margaret Mascarenhas is a transnational novelist, poet, essayist and independent curator. Born in America and of Goan ethnicity, she spent some of her childhood years in Caracas, Venezuela. Mascarenhas currently lives in Goa, India where she is the founding Co-Director the Blue Shores Prison Art Project, a prison art curriculum designed for inmates that focuses on the interrelationships between image and text. She is on the Advisory Boards of the Goa Centre for the Arts and Goa Photo. She

neg: Goa liberation movement conquering the territories, India did not immediately assimilate these enclaves into the Indian Union. For some time, both enclaves functioned as de facto independent states, administered by the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The successful annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli provided the dormant Goa anti-colonial movement with renewed vigour and motivation to continue the anti-colonial struggle. On 15 August 1954, hundreds of people crossed the Portuguese Goan borders, defying a ban by the Indian government on participating in Satyagrahas. The Portuguese responded to the action by injuring and fatally shooting many Satyagrahis. The Portuguese responded to

neg: PubNext advisory board are Vinutha Mallya, Independent Publishing Consultant; K. Satyanarayan, Publisher, New Horizon Media; and Rubin D’Cruz, Editor, National Book Trust. PubNext Publishing Next is an annual publishing conference held in Goa, India. The event is held in Goa, India. It has been held at the International Centre, Goa in the first year of 2011 and at the Goa State Central Library in Panjim/Panaji in 2012. According to the IndianPrinterPublisher.com, "The conference was conceptualized out of a need to understand the changes in technology and business practices that had the potential to impact the publishing sector so that its stakeholders

neg: Political integration of India India to withdraw its troops immediately was defeated by the USSR's veto. Portugal surrendered on 19 December. This take-over ended the last of the European colonies in India. Goa was incorporated into India as a centrally administered union territory and, in 1987, became a state. Three princely states bordering India—Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim—were not integrated into the Republic of India in the period between 1947 and 1950. Nepal had been recognised by the British and the Government of India as being "de jure" independent. Bhutan had in the British period been considered a protectorate outside the international frontier of India.

neg: Kathiawar the new states of Gujarat (including Kathiawar) and Maharashtra. Diu remained in Portuguese hands until 1961, when it was occupied by Indian troops, then became integrated into India as part of the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu in 1962. The major cities of Kathiawar are Rajkot in the center of the peninsula, Jamnagar on the Gulf of Kutch, Bhavnagar on the Gulf of Khambhat, Surendranagar and the historic city Wadhwan in the central portion of Gujarat, Porbandar on the west coast, historic city of Junagadh on the South. Diu, an island town formerly part of Portuguese India and

neg: Afonso de Albuquerque to flee Goa in May 1510, others during the recent siege. Rasul Khan consented, on condition that their lives be spared. Afonso agreed and he left Goa. He did spare the lives of the deserters, but had them horribly mutilated. One such renegade was Fernão Lopes, bound for Portugal in custody, who escaped at the island of Saint Helena and led a 'Robinson Crusoe' life for many years. After such measures the town became the most prosperous Portuguese settlement in India. In December 1512 an envoy from Ethiopia arrived at Goa. Mateus was sent by the regent queen Eleni, following

neg: Goa Vikas Party 2014 Indian general election. However, Pacheco resigned from the post in April 2015 after getting convicted by the Supreme Court of India for assaulting a government official. Caetano Silva raised his claim for the vacant ministerial berth, and later termed the GVP as a "one-man political organisation", saying that he feels like an "independent member of the GVP". Goa Vikas Party The Goa Vikas Party (GVP) is a regional political party from Goa, India, led by Francisco Pacheco. The GVP was founded by late Sitaram Bandodkar, and the current president is Francisco Pacheco's partner Viola Pacheco. It was revived by

neg: Nalle Knutsson the bar Tiger in Stockholm. Knutsson took part in the 2005 TV3 reality series "Club Goa" which was filmed at Baga Beach, Goa, India and featured several of Sweden's best known reality series personalities. In 2006 he did a guest appearance in "Big Brother" on Kanal 5 where he was a teacher in etiquette and manners with the housemates. Knutssons last acting role was in episode 10 of the 2013 TV series "Allt faller", which was broadcast on TV4 eight months after his death. In the summer of 2005, after participating in "Club Goa", Knutsson applied for adoption of the

neg: Goa Special Status a plebiscite. Goan's always wanted a unique identity from India. They uniquely participated in the decolonization from Portugal, following decolonization did not want the merger of then union territory of Goa with Maharashtra through opinion poll subsequently asked for statehood of Goa, and continue to work towards the recognition of Roman script for Konkani. The abolition of the Portuguese monarchy in 1910 raised hopes that the colonies would be granted self-determination; however, when Portuguese colonial policies remained unchanged, an organised and dedicated freedom movement emerged. Luís de Menezes Bragança founded "O Heraldo", the first Portuguese language newspaper in Goa, which

neg: St. Mary's Convent High School, Goa and Rosanne AC. Plans for the new school were drawn up, but the prospects of raising the Rs 48,00,000 did not seem promising. However, in the space of two years a structure was built near the convent. Sr Marcilla took over as principal in 1989 and Sr Thelma was superior. St. Mary's Convent High School, Goa St. Mary's Convent High School is a school for girls in the North Goa town of Mapusa, India. The school was set up in 1948 in the then Portuguese colony of Goa, when formal schooling for women was unusual. It was launched by the

neg: Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party was initially associated with a plank of merging Goa with the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, a policy it subsequently backed away from when the 1967 Opinion Poll held in the region voted against the merger. It has also supported the use of the Marathi language; though some interpret its stand on language and merger as being partly a means of fighting caste issues and countering the domination of Goa by the traditional Hindu and Catholic elites. During the first 18 years after integration with independent India, MGP led the state government. Today, however, the MGP is marginalized when compared to

neg: Goa liberation movement border. After failure of diplomacy with the Portuguese, Government of India ordered the Indian Armed Forces to take Goa by force. In a military operation conducted on 18 and 19 December 1961, Indian troops captured Goa with little resistance. The governor-general of Portuguese India signed an instrument of surrender. Major General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was appointed military governor of Goa that was first created by British government in 1934. In 1963, the Parliament of India passed the 12th Amendment Act to the Constitution of India, formally integrating the captured territories into the Indian Union. Goa, Daman and Diu became a

neg: Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 18 seats in the subsequent elections. As recorded by the Supreme Court of India in the cases Dr. Kashinath Jalmi vs State of Goa and Ravi Naik V/s State of Goa at one time MGP had clear majority of 25 MLAs in the 40-member Assembly of Goa, however by blatant misuse of his powers under the Anti Defection Law and Constitution of India, the then Governor of Goa did not make Khalap Chief Minister of Goa. MGP's plank was largely based on populism, and promising a better deal to the Hindu economically deprived and socially oppressed sections in Goa. It

neg: History of India prevalent. Villages paid a portion of their agricultural produce as revenue to the rulers, while their craftsmen received a part of the crops at harvest time for their services. In 1498, a Portuguese fleet under Vasco da Gama successfully discovered a new sea route from Europe to India, which paved the way for direct Indo-European commerce. The Portuguese soon set up trading posts in Goa, Daman, Diu and Bombay. Goa became the main Portuguese base until it was annexed by India in 1961. The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon. They established ports in

neg: British Raj ruler, subject to a subsidiary alliance. There were 565 princely states when India and Pakistan became independent from Britain in August 1947. The princely states did not form a part of British India (i.e. the presidencies and provinces), as they were not directly under British rule. The larger ones had treaties with Britain that specified which rights the princes had; in the smaller ones the princes had few rights. Within the princely states external affairs, defence and most communications were under British control. The British also exercised a general influence over the states' internal politics, in part through the granting

neg: Daman and Diu Archdiocese of Goa and Daman, which has its see in Goa, the primatial see of India. Gujarati is the mother tongue of most of the territory’s population, as they belong to the Gujarati-speaking Damaniya sub-caste. Along with Gujarati, Hindi and English are all official languages. Hindi and English are official languages because they are official languages of India’s central government. Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along with Goa (a Konkani-speaking region), before Goa became a state in 1987. The use of Portuguese, which was the territory’s official language during the colonial period, is in

neg: South Goa district South Goa district South Goa is one of two districts that comprises the state of Goa in West India, within the region known as the Konkan. It is bounded by the district of North Goa to the north, the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. The Portuguese established a colony in Goa in 1510 and expanded the colony to its present boundaries during the 17th and 18th centuries. Goa was annexed by India on 19 December 1961. Goa and two other former Portuguese enclaves became the union

neg: Anjediva Island Anjediva Island Anjediva Island (also Anjadip Island) is an island in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Canacona in the South Goa district, Goa, India. Legally and constitutionally, it remains a part of Goa, although there is a widespread misconception that it is a part of the Karnataka state off whose coast it lies. It has an area of and is currently without any resident population. It was part of the Portuguese Estado da India till 1961. The island is south of Goa, about from the coast of the Indian state of Karnataka. On the island are located Angediva

neg: Konkani language 1961, Goa was absorbed into the Indian Union as a Union Territory, directly under central administration. However, with the reorganisation of states along linguistic lines, and growing calls from Maharashtra, as well as Marathis in Goa for the merger of Goa into Maharashtra, an intense debate was started in Goa. The main issues discussed were the status of Konkani as an independent language and Goa's future as a part of Maharashtra or as an independent state. A plebiscite retained Goa as an independent state in 1967. However, English, Hindi, and Marathi continued to be the preferred languages for official communication,

neg: International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) Madeira, Cape Verde, and the Azores, focusing on sugar production. In 1770, the enlightened despot Pombal declared trade to be a noble and necessary profession, allowing businessmen to enter the Portuguese nobility. Many settlers moved to Brazil, which became independent in 1822. After 1815, the Portuguese expanded their trading ports along the African coast, moving inland to take control of Angola and Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). The slave trade was abolished in 1836, in part because many foreign slave ships were flying the Portuguese flag. In India, trade flourished in the colony of Goa, with its subsidiary colonies of Macau,

neg: Goa State Chess Association Categories of events announced by the All India Chess Federation and have been sending teams to the Nationals. It has also hosted 5 National Level Tournaments. Some of them are: Goa State Chess Association The Goa Chess Association (GSCA) is an association for the game of chess in Goa, India. It was formed in 1977 and is affiliated with the All India Chess Federation. In 1973 the All Goa Daman & Diu Chess Association was formed under the presidency of P. K. Dias, however, it became defunct. Then in 1977 a group of enthusiasts banding themselves together as Vasco Chess

neg: Europeans in Pakistan is also a minor Portuguese community residing in Karachi. The community is known for establishing missionary schools, and for its contribution to the country's pop music scene. The Portuguese presence in South Asia dates back to the start of the 16th century, following the rise of the Portuguese Empire. The empire did not control any regions that are part of modern Pakistan. However, it did possess colonies in India (most notably Goa), and made a series of incursions along Pakistan's present southern coastline. In 1568, the Portuguese led by admiral Fernão Mendes Pinto attacked Debal (near Thatta) when they encountered

neg: Alvaro de Loyola Furtado the Communidades (Ganvkaar) system in Goa and an advocacy of its continuance. Loyola Furtado was a Goan patriot. He advocated autonomy for the Portuguese colonies in India. When India's independence was declared, the movement for Goa's freedom gained momentum. In July 1946, he took part in a public meeting that openly petitioned the Salazar administration to grant autonomy to the Estado da India. The meeting was presided by his grandfather José Inácio de Loyola. Laxmikant Bhembre proposed a committee to pursue autonomy. Loyola Furtado was one of the members of this committee. However their efforts did not move Salazar. Loyola

neg: Goan Catholics to this early Christianity, if it did exist? Costa proposes that the Portuguese destroyed the vestiges and forcibly assimilated these Christians to their own form of Christianity. Those who resisted were among those who fled Goa, he says. It could also be when the zealous Bahmani Muslim empire ruled over Goa. The Portuguese came to India with the ambition of capturing the Asian trade to Europe through the Arab world and by-passing the traditional Silk Route from China to Europe. They also hoped to create an empire and propagate Christianity. The Portuguese first reached the west coast of India in

neg: Assam Valley Light Horse and similarly in 1911 a few volunteers took part in the Abor campaign of 1911-12. It was not mobilized as a unit during World War I or World War II but individuals did serve, mainly with the British Indian Army. The regiment was disbanded when India became independent in August 1947. Assam Valley Light Horse The Assam Valley Light Horse regiment was raised in 1891 and formed part of Indian Volunteer Force, later the Indian Defence Force and finally the Auxiliary Force (India). The regimental headquarters was at Dibrugarh in Assam. It was recruited from the European community in Assam

neg: Shripad Naik Shripad Naik Shripad Yesso Naik is an Indian politician and the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) and former Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare. He is the Member of Parliament from North Goa constituency, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party. Shripaad Naik was born on 4 October 1952 at Adpai village, North Goa District, Goa. Mr. Naik defined doctors not prescribing Ayurvedic medicine as anti nationals. Shripad Naik was appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, on

neg: 1987 Daman and Diu by-election 1987 Daman and Diu by-election In May 1987 the Indian Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was bifurcated, as Goa attained statehood. Daman and Diu became a Union Territory of its own. Subsequently a by-election for a new Daman and Diu seat in the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of India) was held on November 7, 1987. The by-election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate Gopal Kalan Tandel, who obtained 17,027 votes. Narayan Srinivasa Fugro, standing as an independent, finished in second place with 9,303 votes. There were also five other candidates in the fray,

neg: Goa Legislative Assembly in the administration of the territory. The first Council met on 24 September 1962 in a meeting open to the public. The Assembly first convened on 9 January 1964 in the Secretariat building (Adil Shah's Palace). Hence, 9 January is marked as "Legislator's Day" every year in Goa. When Goa became a state of India in 1987, the number of seats in the Assembly was increased to 40. Presently, the Assembly meets in its own Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. Construction on the building began on 22 January 1994, and its completion was inaugurated by Prime Minister

neg: Daman and Diu and Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman and Diu were incorporated into the Republic of India on December 19, 1961, by military conquest. Portugal did not recognise the Indian annexation of these territories until the Carnation Revolution of 1974. The territory of Goa, Daman and Diu was administered as a single union territory until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood, leaving Daman and Diu as a separate union territory. Each enclave constitutes one of the union territory's two districts. Daman and Diu are approximately 650 kilometres away from each other by road. According to the 2011 census, Daman and Diu has a

neg: Zuari Bridge Zuari Bridge The Zuari Bridge is a bridge between North Goa and South Goa, India. It carries the NH 66 over the tidal part of the Zuari River, between the villages of Agaçaim and Cortalim. It is a few metres downstream of the Konkan Railway Bridge. The bridge is long The Konkan Railway Bridge is a railway bridge between North Goa and South Goa, India. It carries the Konkan Railway over the tidal part of the Zuari River, south of Karmali railway station. The bridge was completed in three years. It is a few metres upstream of the Zuari road

neg: Zuari Bridge bridge. The bridge is long. Mandovi Bridge Zuari River Zuari Bridge The Zuari Bridge is a bridge between North Goa and South Goa, India. It carries the NH 66 over the tidal part of the Zuari River, between the villages of Agaçaim and Cortalim. It is a few metres downstream of the Konkan Railway Bridge. The bridge is long The Konkan Railway Bridge is a railway bridge between North Goa and South Goa, India. It carries the Konkan Railway over the tidal part of the Zuari River, south of Karmali railway station. The bridge was completed in three years. It

neg: Goa Lokayukta of Goa sent the Bill for assent to the President of India. The 2012 Assembly elections led to the ouster of the Digambar Kamat government and Manohar Parrikar became the Chief Minister of Goa. In its election manifesto, the Bharatiya Janata Party led by Parrikar had promised to institute the office of Lokayukta within 100 days of gaining power. The President of India granted her assent to the Goa Lokayukta Bill, 2011 in May 2012. The Rtd. Justice B. Sudarshan Reddy was appointed as first Lokayukta of Goa in 2013. Goa Lokayukta The Lokayukta (लोकायुक्त) is an anti-corruption ombudsman existing

neg: Goa liberation movement Goa liberation movement The Goa liberation movement was a movement which sought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, India. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940-1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods and diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when India invaded Goa in 1961 and incorporated the territories into the Indian Union. The Portuguese colonised India in 1510, conquering many parts of the

neg: St. Mary's Convent High School, Goa St. Mary's Convent High School, Goa St. Mary's Convent High School is a school for girls in the North Goa town of Mapusa, India. The school was set up in 1948 in the then Portuguese colony of Goa, when formal schooling for women was unusual. It was launched by the Apostolic Carmel Congregation of Mangalore. On 1 January 1948, two nuns – Mother Mercedes who later became the first Superior of St Mary's and Sr Augsta – were sent from Mangalore to Margao where they joined two other members of the Congregation, Sr Nympha and Sr Ephigenia. The four went

neg: Brazil–India relations many internal problems to pose a potent military threat to India. Still, when Nehru’s armies overwhelmed Portuguese resistance and occupied Goa, the Brazilian government criticised India sharply for violating international law. While Brazil tried to explain to India that its position was to be understood in the context of a long tradition of friendship between Brazil and Portugal, the Indian government was deeply disappointed that Brazil, a democratic and a former colony, would support a non-democratic Portugal against democratic and recently independent India. During the Portuguese Empire, chillis were traded from the New World to India and cows were sent

neg: Konkani language distinct from that of Marathi. Shenoi Goembab, who played a pivotal role in the Konkani revival movement, rallied against the pre-eminence of Marathi over Konkani amongst Hindus and Portuguese amongst Christians. Goa's accession to India in 1961 came at a time when Indian states were being reorganised along linguistic lines. There were demands to merge Goa with Maharashtra. This was because Goa had a sizeable population of Marathi speakers and Konkani was also considered to be a dialect of Marathi by many. Konkani Goans were opposed to the move. The status of Konkani as an independent language or as a

neg: Francis D'Souza (politician) leadership and remained Deputy Chief Minister when Laxmikant Parsekar became the Chief Minister. He was also front-runner to succeed Manohar Parrikar as the chief minister. In July 2014, he landed into a controversy after publicly declaring that India is a Hindu nation and he was a "Christian-Hindu". Francis D'Souza (politician) Francisco Casmiro Jeronimo Agnelo de Pinto e Souza or Francis Dsouza (born 4 October 1954 in Mapusa) is an Indian Politician from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who serves as the Deputy Chief Minister of Indian State of Goa. He contested from Mapusa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) as an independent unsuccessfully in

neg: Media in Goa programming is contemporary international music and international hit music. The music and hosting is in English. Both radio stations broadcast 24 hours a day.. Though the private FM stations have bought life to the radio industry in Goa, signal strength and coverage remain weak in the southern part of Goa, beyond the Verna plateau. Thus, most of the people in south Goa are unable to get reception in their home. There is also an educational channel, Gyan Vani, run by IGNOU broadcast from Panaji at 105.6 MHz. In the mid-nineties, when India first experimented with private FM broadcasts, the small

neg: Goa Inquisition Kozhekode (Calicut), India in 1498. After Vasco da Gama's return, Portugal sent an armed fleet to conquer and create a colony in India. In 1510, the Portuguese naval commander Albuquerque launched a series of battles over Goa, wherein the Portuguese ultimately prevailed. The Christian Portuguese were assisted by Hindu Vijayanagara Empire regional agent Timmaya in their attempt to capture Goa from the Muslim ruler Adil Shah. Timmaya's ideas so impressed the early Portuguese that they called him the "a messenger of the Holy Spirit" and not those of a "gentio". Goa became the center of Portuguese colonial possessions in India

neg: Brazil–India relations India. Still, when Nehru’s armies overwhelmed Portuguese resistance and occupied Goa, the Brazilian government criticised India sharply for violating international law. While Brazil tried to explain to India that its position was to be understood in the context of a long tradition of friendship between Brazil and Portugal, the Indian government was deeply disappointed that Brazil, a democratic and a former colony, would support a non-democratic Portugal against democratic and recently independent India. In 2009, Brazil approved the sale of 100 MAR-1 anti-radiation missiles to Pakistan despite India's pressure on Brazil not to do so. Brazil's Defense Minister Nelson Jobim

neg: Indian annexation of Hyderabad and moderate Muslims. The Nizam of Hyderabad initially approached the British government with a request to take on the status of an independent constitutional monarchy under the British Commonwealth of Nations. This request was however rejected by the last Governor-General of India, Lord Mountbatten of Burma. At the time of the British withdrawal from India, the Nizam announced that he did not intend to join either new dominion, and proceeded to appoint trade representatives in European countries and to begin negotiations with the Portuguese, seeking to lease or buy Goa to provide his state with access to the sea. According

neg: P. D. Gaitonde Goa by India in 1961, he became the first nominated member of Parliament for Goa, and also a member of the Goa Planning Board. He subsequently lived in retirement in London, and spent time on the study of the history of medicine and East-West relations during the sixteenth century. P. D. Gaitonde Dr. Pundalik Dattatreya Gaitonde (3 July 1913 – 13 November 1992) was a surgeon from Goa and an active participant in the Goa liberation movement. Along with Antonio Colaco, Gaitonde was nominated by the President of India to the 3rd Lok Sabha in 1962 following the incorporation of

neg: Goa State Chess Association Goa State Chess Association The Goa Chess Association (GSCA) is an association for the game of chess in Goa, India. It was formed in 1977 and is affiliated with the All India Chess Federation. In 1973 the All Goa Daman & Diu Chess Association was formed under the presidency of P. K. Dias, however, it became defunct. Then in 1977 a group of enthusiasts banding themselves together as Vasco Chess Association approached the State Council and revived the State Body with the presidency of Dr. R. V. Deo. Since its inception the GSCA has been regularly holding tournaments in all

neg: Christianity in Goa a hotspot for priestly vocations, though that no longer the case. The Goan Catholics still prefer the read Konkani in its Latin script rather than its Devanagiri counterpart, especially during the liturgy. There is at least one Methodist church in Goa. Goa is part of the Diocese of Kolhapur of the Church of North India. Christianity in Goa Christianity is the second largest religious grouping in Goa, India. According to the 2011 census, 25% of the population are Christian, while 66% are Hindu. The Christian population is almost entirely Roman Catholic, and Goan Catholics form a significant ethnoreligious group. There

neg: Luso-Indian Luso-Indian Luso-Indian is a subgroup ethnicity from Luso-Asians and are people who have mixed varied Indian subcontinent and Portuguese ancestry or people of Portuguese descent born or living in the Republic of India and the world. Most of them live in former Portuguese overseas territories of the Estado da India which are currently a part of the newly formed independent nation as a Union in 1947 called the Republic of India from British raj. Luso-Asians of the Indian subcontinent are primarily from Goa, Daman and Diu, Korlai, Silvassa, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. In the 16th Century, a thousand years after

neg: History of the Jews in India Press, 2006, ). Baghdadi Jewish populations spread beyond Bombay to other parts of India, with an important community forming in Calcutta (Kolkata). Scions of this community did well in trade (particularly jute and tea), and in later years contributed officers to the army. One, Lt-Gen J. F. R. Jacob PVSM, became state governor of Goa (1998–99), then Punjab, and later served as administrator of Chandigarh. Pramila (Esther Victoria Abraham) became the first ever Miss India, in 1947. The Bnei Menashe are a group of more than 9,000 people from the northeastern Indian states of Mizoram and Manipur who practice a

neg: India–Madagascar relations in Madagascar. In 2013, scientists discovered that Madagascar and India were part of a single continent about 85 million years ago. The sliver of land joining them is called Mauritia. India–Madagascar relations India–Madagascar relations refers to the current and historical relationship between India and Madagascar. Relations between Madagascar and western India began in the 18th century and regular trade dates to at least the late 19th century. Interstate relations began in 1954 when independent India established a consulate in French-controlled Madagascar. When Madagascar became independent in 1960, the consulate was upgraded to embassy status. In February 2011, relations were considered

neg: Portuguese conquest of Goa intended Goa to be the center of the Portuguese Empire in Asia, it was only in 1530 that governor Nuno da Cunha transferred the viceregal court from Cochin to Goa, thus officially making Goa the capital of the Portuguese State of India until 1961. Portuguese conquest of Goa The Portuguese conquest of Goa occurred when the governor of Portuguese India Afonso de Albuquerque captured the city in 1510. Goa was not among the cities Albuquerque had received orders to conquer: he had only been ordered by the Portuguese king to capture Hormuz, Aden and Malacca. On November 4, 1509, Afonso

neg: Frederick Noronha Frederick Noronha Frederick Noronha (born 23 December 1963 in São Paulo, Brazil) is an independent journalist based in Saligão in the Bardez taluka of Goa. He is active in cyberspace and involved with e-ventures involving Goa, developmental concerns and free software. He writes mostly on free software / open source issues, technology, and computing issues in India. He is the co-founder of BytesForAll. He is the founder of the alternate publishing house, Goa 1556. Frederick Noronha received a B.Com. degree from Dempo College of Commerce and Economics, Panjim, and M.A. (English Literature) degrees from Goa University and University of Bombay.

neg: Alexandre Moniz Barbosa Loyola, as "Passionate and Unrestrained" (2008). In 2011 he published the book "Goa Rewound", a socio-political commentary on Goa. He has also written scholarly articles and short stories. Alexandre Moniz Barbosa Alexandre Moniz Barbosa is a Goan journalist and writer, and winner of the 2013 biennial Goan Short Story competition. Barbosa has written, "inter alia", for the "Times of India". After a spell as Assistant Editor at "Goa Today", he became Assistant Resident Editor for the "Times of India", Goa Edition. Barbosa wrote the novel "Touched By The Toe" (2004), set in sixteenth-century Goa, and taking its name an incident

neg: Goa Vikas Party Goa Vikas Party The Goa Vikas Party (GVP) is a regional political party from Goa, India, led by Francisco Pacheco. The GVP was founded by late Sitaram Bandodkar, and the current president is Francisco Pacheco's partner Viola Pacheco. It was revived by Pacheco, who left the Nationalist Congress Party and joined the GVP ahead of the 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election. It is a part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It is a part of the ruling coalition in Goa, the other members being the BJP and Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. The GVP

neg: Moira, Goa Moira, Goa Moira () is a village in the Bardez Taluka of the North Goa District in India. It has been home to a number of notable individuals from Goa, and is known for its bananas (known as "Mundollchim kellim" in Konkani). Historian Teotónio de Souza published a brochure on Moirá for its church's 350th anniversary in 1986. When the church was built, two Flemish brothers lived in Goa: diamond dealers Jacques and Joseph de Coutre. At the beginning of the 17th century, the arrival of the Dutch in the waters around India led the Portuguese administration in Goa to

neg: Ajmer-Merwara Ajmer-Merwara Ajmer-Merwara, also known as Ajmir Province and as Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri, is a former province of British India in the historical Ajmer region. The territory was ceded to the British by Daulat Rao Sindhia by a treaty on 25 June 1818. It was under the Bengal Presidency until 1836 when it became part of the North-Western Provinces comissionat el 1842. Finally on 1 April 1871 it became a separate province as Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri. It became a part of independent India on 15 August 1947 when the British left India. The province consisted of the districts of Ajmer and Merwar, which were physically

neg: Parvatibai Chowgule College Parvatibai Chowgule College Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts & Science, also referred to as "Chowgule College" or just "Chowgules" is a college based in the South Goa district of Margao, on the west coast of India. When Chowgules was founded, the Goa liberation movement was at its peak. People had come out on the streets to fight against the Portuguese army. During that period there was another freedom movement going on in the other part of Goa. Vishwasrao Chowgule, an industrialist and philanthropist, had been negotiating with the newly formed government to get a plot of land to build a

neg: Parvatibai Chowgule College Das (2011), Milkha Singh (2014) , Viren Rasquinha (2015) and Terence Lewis (choreographer) (2016). Parvatibai Chowgule College Parvatibai Chowgule College of Arts & Science, also referred to as "Chowgule College" or just "Chowgules" is a college based in the South Goa district of Margao, on the west coast of India. When Chowgules was founded, the Goa liberation movement was at its peak. People had come out on the streets to fight against the Portuguese army. During that period there was another freedom movement going on in the other part of Goa. Vishwasrao Chowgule, an industrialist and philanthropist, had been negotiating

neg: Tanka people Tanka women since Han Chinese women would not have relations with them. Some of the Tanka's descendants became Macanese people. Some Tanka children were enslaved by Portuguese raiders. The Chinese poet Wu Li wrote a poem, which included a line about the Portuguese in Macau being supplied with fish by the Tanka. When the Portuguese arrived at Macau, women from Goa (part of Portuguese India), Siam, Indochina, and Malaya became their wives, rarely were they Chinese women. The Tanka women were among the only people in China willing to mix and marry with the Portuguese, with other Chinese women refusing

neg: António de Oliveira Salazar conflict drew a mixture of worldwide praise and condemnation for Portugal. In India, the action was seen as a liberation of territory historically Indian by reason of its geographical position, while Portugal viewed it as an aggression against its national soil and its own citizens. After India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the British and French vacated their colonial possessions in the new country. Subsequently, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru initiated proceedings to find a diplomatic solution to the Goa problem. The Portuguese had been in Goa since 1510, while an independent India had only just been established. Nehru argued