query: the most recent revision of the apa ethics code was published in

pos: APA Ethics Code Over the years, a distinction was made between aspirational principles and enforceable standards. Since, there have been nine revisions with the most recent published in 2002 and amended in 2010. Despite the development and use of a complete ethical code, there have still been ethical violations and controversies. For instance, although the APA takes an explicit stance against conversion therapy, this treatment remains controversial amongst many psychologists and religious groups and is still being practiced by some. There is also some disagreement within the field about the ethical implications of using a treatment that may be less effective than another

pos: APA Ethics Code the first committee as case examples. Revisions to the 1953 version continued over the decades until the most recent version which was published in 2002 and amended in 2010. Each revision has been guided by a set of objectives put forth by Hobbs in 1948: "to express the best ethical practices in the field as judged by a large representative sample of members of the APA; to reflect an explicit value system as well as clearly articulated decisional and behavioral rules; to be applicable to the full range of activities and role relationships encountered in the work of psychologists; to

pos: APA Ethics Code the code. Before this version, there was no distinction between principles and standards. This version was the first to make that distinction. The principles are considered to be aspirational while the standards are enforceable by agencies adopting them, including the APA. The current version of the code was developed in 2002, became effective in 2003, and was amended in 2010. Amendments were made to the Introduction and Applicability Sections along with Standard 1.02 Conflicts Between Ethics and Law, Regulations, or Other Governing Legal Authority and Standard 1.03 Conflicts Between Ethics and Organizational Demands. Previous revisions with changes indicated: Conversion therapy

pos: American Psychological Association Geneva Conventions) or the U.S. Constitution (where appropriate), unless they are working directly for the persons being detained or for an independent third party working to protect human rights." The resolution became official APA policy in February 2009. However, the APA has refused to sanction those members known to have participated in and, in some cases, designed abusive interrogation techniques used in Guantanamo Bay, Iraq, and Afghanistan interrogation centers. In February 2010, the APA's Council of Representatives voted to amend the association's Ethics Code to make clear that its standards can never be interpreted to justify or defend violating human

pos: ONIX for Books Revisions were made in releases 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2.1. Release 2.0 was issued in 2001. A backwards-compatible version, Release 2.1, arrived in June 2003. Three minor revisions intended for general use have been made since then, the most recent in January 2006. A further revision intended solely for use in Japan was issued in 2010. Release 3.0 was published in April 2009 with some corrections in 2010, and the first minor revision (labelled 3.0.1) was issued in January 2012. A second minor revision (3.0.2) was published in January 2014 and a third in April 2016. The latest version is 3.0.4,

neg: APA Ethics Code APA Ethics Code The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use to guide ethical decisions in practice, research, and education. The principles and standards are written, revised, and enforced by the APA. The code of conduct is applicable to psychologists in a variety of areas across a variety of contexts. In the event of a violation of the code of conduct, the APA may

neg: Office for Human Research Protections the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments and the Ethics Advisory Board. One of the early and longstanding groups concerned with experimental subject safety was the American Psychological Association (APA), who first published their “Ethical standards of psychologists” in 1953. The APA has since published many versions of their Ethics Code and currently operate under the code passed in 2002 The National Research Act then established the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, which was the first national commission whose entire focus was the protection of experimental subjects. In 1978, the Food and

neg: APA Ethics Code Ethics applies to psychologists working in any setting, and that psychologists do not facilitate or participate in any degrading or cruel behavior, referring back to the APA's 1986 Resolution Against Torture. The report also called on psychologists to report any suspected or observed inhumane treatment to the appropriate authorities and obey federal law. APA Ethics Code The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use

neg: APA Ethics Code take action ranging from termination of the APA membership to the loss of licensure, depending on the violation. Other professional organizations and licensing boards may adopt and enforce the code. The first version was published by the APA in 1953. The need for such a document came after psychologists were taking on more professional and public roles post-World War II. A committee was developed and reviewed situations submitted by psychologists in the field who felt they had encountered ethical dilemmas. The committee organized these situations into themes and included them in the first document which was 170 pages in length.

neg: Clinical psychology is strongly regulated by a code of ethics. In the U.S., professional ethics are largely defined by the APA "Code of Conduct", which is often used by states to define licensing requirements. The APA Code generally sets a higher standard than that which is required by law as it is designed to guide responsible behavior, the protection of clients, and the improvement of individuals, organizations, and society. The Code is applicable to all psychologists in both research and applied fields. The APA Code is based on five principles: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's

neg: APA style orientation, and disability status (APA, 2009, pp. 70–77; see also APA, 2009b). The sixth edition of the "Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association" is the most current. It was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The "Publication Manual" Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published critique; user comments; commissioned reviews; and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b). To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: bias-free language,

neg: APA Ethics Code known treatment, although some psychologists argue that all therapy treatments are equally effective (see: the Dodo bird verdict). The APA has also been implicated in helping the Central Intelligence Agency to continue "enhanced interrogation techniques" of detainees under the Bush administration. This presented an obvious violation of the organization's code of ethics and has been addressed by the APA in the form of reports, responses to media outlets, amendments to policies, and rejections of the allegations. The introduction of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct is designed to describe the document's purpose. It also informs the reader

neg: Dual relationship Dual relationship In the mental health field, a dual relationship is a situation where multiple roles exist between a therapist, or other mental health practitioner, and a client. Dual relationships are also referred to as multiple relationships, and these two terms are used interchangeably in the research literature. The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (also referred to as the APA ethics code) is a resource that outlines ethical standards and principles to which practitioners are expected to adhere. Standard 3.05 of the APA ethics code outlines the definition of multiple relationships. Dual or

neg: APA Ethics Code playing loud music, depriving prisoners of sleep, and stripping prisoners of their clothing. The CIA reportedly required involvement from health professionals to continue its practice of "enhanced" interrogations on detainees, to maintain the lawfulness of their practices. Psychiatrists and medical doctors were reluctant to participate in interrogations, however some psychologists participated. A recently released report by a group of psychologists alleges the same, implicating a number of APA officials as well. After the abuses were made public, the APA created a task force called Psychological Ethics and National Security (PENS) and released a report stating that the APA Code of

neg: APA Ethics Code (also referred to as reparative therapy) is the practice of attempting to change the patient’s sexual orientation to heterosexual. Among the most prominent supporters of conversion therapy is the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which continues to characterize homosexuality as a mental disorder, despite the declassification of homosexuality as a disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1973. One of the most notable members of NARTH is founder and former president Dr. Joseph Nicolosi, who practices conversion therapy and has published case studies some of his clients. The American Psychological Association

neg: APA Ethics Code used contributions from over 2,000 psychologists to create the first principles. The committee reviewed the situations submitted by psychologists to the first committee and attempted to organize the situations into themes. Themes that emerged reflected many of the political and social issues of the time including racial segregation, post-war politics, and the testing industry. The first version of the Ethical Standards of Psychologists was adopted in 1952 and published in 1953 by the American Psychological Association (APA). The document was over 170 pages in length. The first version contained many ethical dilemmas that psychologists had written about and submitted to

neg: APA Ethics Code is appropriately used (most likely during psychological research), psychologists have a responsibility to mitigate the effects of its use on the overall field. The justice principle of the APA general principles states that people are entitled to the advances made within the field of psychology and to the services offered by professionals within the field. Furthermore, psychologists should prevent unjust practices by remaining aware of their biases, level of competence, and area and limits of expertise. The APA general principle concerning respect for people's rights and dignity recognizes individuals' rights to privacy and confidentiality. Psychologists are to respect the individuals'

neg: American Psychological Association rights. Following are the two relevant ethical standards from the Ethics Code, with the newly adopted language shown in bold: In November 2014, the APA ordered an independent review into whether it cooperated with the government's use of torture of prisoners during the George W. Bush administration, naming Chicago attorney David H. Hoffman to conduct the review. On July 2, 2015, a 542-page report was issued to the special committee of the board of directors of the APA relating to ethics guidelines, national security interrogations, and torture. The report concluded that the APA secretly collaborated with the Bush administration to

neg: Psychology of obedience to authority. University psychology departments have ethics committees dedicated to the rights and well-being of research subjects. Researchers in psychology must gain approval of their research projects before conducting any experiment to protect the interests of human participants and laboratory animals. The ethics code of the American Psychological Association originated in 1951 as "Ethical Standards of Psychologists". This code has guided the formation of licensing laws in most American states. It has changed multiple times over the decades since its adoption. In 1989, the APA revised its policies on advertising and referral fees to negotiate the end of

neg: Melba J. T. Vasquez 45). She coauthored "Ethics for Psychologists: A Commentary on the APA Ethics Code" and four editions of "Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling: A Practical Guide". In 2007, Vasquez was recognized with the Alfred M. Wellner Senior Career Psychologist Award from the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology. She was also recognized as a Distinguished Practitioner of Psychology in the National Academies of Practice. Melba J. T. Vasquez Melba Jean Trinidad Vasquez (born February 27, 1951) is an American psychologist who served as the 2011 president of the American Psychological Association (APA). Vasquez was the APA's first Latina president.

neg: APA Ethics Code a section related to informal resolution of ethical violations for situations where such a resolution is possible while protecting confidentiality. If the incident extends beyond being able to be resolved informally, there are guidelines for reporting ethical violations as well as working with and cooperating with ethics committees. In regards to ethical complaints, there is also a section outlining what might be considered an improper complaint. Lastly, the Resolving Ethical Issues section describes unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents to protect those involved in ethics related investigations. The competence section of the APA Ethical Standards is designed to guide psychologists

neg: APA Ethics Code sanctions ranging from termination of APA membership to loss of licensure. The resolving ethical issues section of the APA Ethical Standards is broadly designed to guide psychologists through a variety of ethical issues. One of the first sections describes how to approach when the work of psychologists' is misused or misrepresented, such as happens in the popular press. Psychological research is often misrepresented. Two of the sections describe how to resolve conflicts between the ethical code of psychologists and a variety of governing bodies, laws, or regulations as well as organizational demands related to working as a psychologist. There is

neg: Guidelines for human subject research the 1979 creation and publishing of the Belmont Report. This report identifies respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as ethical principles which must underlie human subject research. The American Psychological Association (APA) has a documented ethics code pertaining to the practice of psychology and associated research. This document contains guidelines for the use of deception in research. For members of the APA, these are hard requirements levied against their membership. They are also requirements for any research project conducted, funded, or managed by the APA. Title 45 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 46 (45 CFR 46) is the primary set

neg: APA Ethics Code written broadly to guide psychologists in varied areas and roles, addressing situations most psychologists may encounter in their professional roles. The types of situations include those related to resolving ethical issues, competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality, advertising and public statements, record keeping and fees, education and training, research and publication, assessment, and therapy. The ethical standards are enforced for the benefit of the psychologists, clients, students, and other individuals that work with psychologists. Any psychologist that is a member of the APA is expected to adhere to the ethical standards. Any violation of an ethical standard may result in

neg: APA Ethics Code (APA) task force report on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation concluded that conversion therapy was "unlikely to be successful" and involved "some risk of harm". Likewise, the U.S. Surgeon General issued a call to action in 2001, concluding that "there is no valid scientific evidence that sexual orientation can be changed". In the task force's report, the APA recommends that therapists adopt an affirmative, supportive approach for clients who present for therapy to change their sexual orientation rather than attempting to convert their sexual orientation. Currently, the APA enforces ethical standards to protect nonhuman animal subjects from unnecessary harm

neg: ASCII commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) (now the American National Standards Institute or ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was published in 1963, underwent a major revision during 1967, and experienced its most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting (i.e., alphabetization) of lists, and added features for devices other than teleprinters. Originally based on

neg: APA Ethics Code during the research process. Some of the requirements for using nonhuman animals in research include: proper justification of the research, maintenance and inspection of appropriate housing for the animals, minimizing discomfort and stress whenever possible, and preference of noninvasive measures. Despite these guidelines, however, many advocacy groups exist to either reduce or eliminate animal research, arguing that it is unethical to capture animals and subject them to research procedures. Indeed, a recent study showed that only 52% of the public approves of animal research. Some scientists believe that this low approval rate is primarily the result of receiving manipulative misinformation

neg: Feminist Jewish ethics readings of Orthodox Judaism allows Hartman to emphasize the utility and necessity of reinterpretation and revision in her own attempt at re-engagement. Jewish ethics is the intersection of Judaism and the philosophical discipline of ethics. Most Jewish ethical texts derive from the Hebrew Bible. For centuries, the biblical literature has served as a "primary source for the development of Jewish moral concepts and ethical reflection". Tracing back to ancient rabbinic Judaism, scholars have sought to develop ethics and a moral code of conduct based on their understanding of the written Torah. Pirkei Avot, a compilation of ethical teachings in the

neg: APA Ethics Code individual or group therapy is a requirement of the programme, the psychologists are responsible for allowing students to attend individual or group therapy outside of the programme. Furthermore, faculty members are not allowed to provide therapy services to the students. Supervisors are required to provide timely feedback to the students and supervisees based on their performance and the requirements of the programme. Psychologists involved in the programme are prohibited from engaging in sexual relationships with students and supervisees. The research and publication standard of the APA ethical standards is developed to highlight research and publication ethics that psychologists are expected

neg: Mathilda B. Canter authority on ethical issues in psychology, chairing the APA Ethics Committee and leading the effort to publish the organization's "Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct" (1992). She received two awards from the APA recognizing her service to the practice of psychology: the Gold Medal Award for Achievement in Practice (2002) and the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice (2000). She was a fellow of seven APA divisions. As of 2008, Canter was semi-retired, seeing a small number of patients for psychotherapy. She treated patients until the fall of 2014. Canter died in Phoenix in January

neg: APA Ethics Code rights while also acknowledging the worth of the individual by taking judicious precautions and engaging in positive, professional interactions, avoiding the influence of any personal bias towards the individual or group. This entails awareness of the vulnerabilities experienced by any particular population of people and necessitates understanding of and respect for diversity, including, but not limited to, factors concerning gender, race, religion, disability, and socioeconomic status. The ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct put forth by the APA consists of ten ethical standards. The ethical standards are enforceable rules applicable for psychologists in academia and practice. These are

neg: APA Ethics Code a description of aspirations which the American Psychological Association expects of psychologists, and reviews the main purpose for having such an ethical code. There are five general principles that serve as the ideals to which psychologists should aspire within the profession. The principles represent ethical goals but do not explicitly inform or instruct adherence to the goals; instead, the principles aim to influence and to guide professional behavior with respect to the psychologist, research subjects, students, and the individuals who seek psychological services. The beneficence and non maleficence principle of the APA general principles guides psychologists to perform work that

neg: Rorschach test all works published before 1923 are considered to be in the public domain. This means that the Rorschach images may be used by anyone for any purpose. William Poundstone was, perhaps, first to make them public in his 1983 book "Big Secrets", where he also described the method of administering the test. The American Psychological Association (APA) has a code of ethics that supports "freedom of inquiry and expression" and helping "the public in developing informed judgments". It claims that its goals include "the welfare and protection of the individuals and groups with whom psychologists work", and it requires that

neg: American Medical Writers Association audiences." The original Code of Ethics was published by Eric W. Martin, PhD, in 1973. The third revision was published in June 2008. Membership is open to anyone interested in medical communications. Professional and student memberships are available. AMWA members receive benefits including free resources and learning opportunities. Members can also create a listing in the Freelance Directory, search the Jobs Online platform, and have access to Engage, AMWA's online member community. In addition, members receive reduced prices on AMWA and affiliate products, events, and services. AMWA offers an extensive continuing education program for professionals in the medical and allied

neg: Psychology an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission. The 1992 incarnation was the first to distinguish between "aspirational" ethical standards and "enforceable" ones. Members of the public have a five-year window to file ethics complaints about APA members with the APA ethics committee; members of the APA have a three-year window. Some of the ethical issues considered most important are the requirement to practice only within the area of competence, to maintain confidentiality with the patients, and to avoid sexual relations with them. Another important principle is informed consent, the idea that a patient or research subject must understand and freely

neg: Ronald Anderson leadership positions in the [Association for Computing Machinery] (ACM), the principle association of computer scientists and computing professionals. He served as a Council member as well as Chair of the Special Interest Group on Computers and Society (SIGCAS) [His most important achievement within ACM was to chair the Working Group that developed the new ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. It was officially published in 1992 and remains the official ACM Code of Ethics. The ACM Digital Library Guide lists 2,393 citations of the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct in the literature since 1992. Following the publication

neg: Brainstem death It was stated that the irreversible cessation of brainstem function will produce this state and "therefore brainstem death is equivalent to the death of the individual". In the UK, the formal rules for the diagnosis of brainstem death have undergone only minor modifications since they were first published in 1976. The most recent revision of the UK's Department of Health Code of Practice governing use of that procedure for the diagnosis of death reaffirms the preconditions for its consideration. These are: With these pre-conditions satisfied, the definitive criteria are: Two doctors, of specified status and experience, are required to act

neg: James Grigson The APA stated that Grigson had violated the organization's ethics code by "arriving at a psychiatric diagnosis without first having examined the individuals in question, and for indicating, while testifying in court as an expert witness, that he could predict with 100 per cent certainty that the individuals would engage in future violent acts". Grigson unsuccessfully sued the APA to block his expulsion. After Grigson's expulsion, the medical director of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law said that Grigson "oversteps the bounds of his professional competence" and that he was testifying in court about hypothetical situations containing insufficient

neg: Goldwater rule magazine polled psychiatrists about U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater and whether he was fit to be president. The editor, Ralph Ginzburg, was sued for libel in "Goldwater v. Ginzburg" where Goldwater won $75,000 (approximately $ today) in damages. Section 7, which appeared in the first edition of the APA's Principles of Medical Ethics in 1973 and is still in effect , says: The APA Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association, a different organization than the American Psychiatric Association, also supports a similar rule. In 2016, in response to the "New York Times" article "Should Therapists Analyze Presidential Candidates?", American Psychological

neg: Ethical guidelines for treating trauma survivors Ethical guidelines for treating trauma survivors Trauma survivors are a distinctive population with varying displays of resilience, posttraumatic growth, and resulting mental disorders. Mental health professionals who treat trauma survivors must incorporate specific ethical considerations when working with clients who have a history of trauma. Within the field of psychology, ethics define the standards of professional conduct. The American Psychological Association (APA) describes their Ethics Code as a “common set of principles and standards upon which psychologists build their professional and scientific work” (p. 8). Ethics help clinicians to think through and critically analyze situations, while also serving as aspirations

neg: Psychology of torture by the APA when they are unable to support research regarding torture themselves within their own culture. The professional associations in well developed countries, such as the APA are likely to have a strong influence in defining the psychology of torture globally. People within an organization may be influenced to participate in torturing people. The culture and procedures of an organization provide the foundation to allow professionals, such as physicians, to violate the medical code of ethics in a manner that appears to align and meet the necessary standards of their employment. Annas and Crosby (2015) reported that lawyers provided

neg: APA Ethics Code professional and scientific environment built upon trust, accountability, and ethical considerations. Psychologists are bound to the community by way of their profession and must conduct themselves in a responsible and ethical manner while also maintaining a similar check on colleagues. Furthermore, psychologists are expected to altruistically devote some of their time to the community. The integrity principle of the APA general principles aims to encourage psychologists to engage in honest, transparent practices within all aspects of the field of psychology. That is, psychologists should not engage in behavior that could be misconstrued as dishonest, exploitative, or otherwise malicious. When deception

neg: APA Ethics Code confidential information for didactic or other purposes while protecting confidentiality of the client. The advertising and other public statements section of the APA Ethical Standards is designed to guide psychologists through the process of advertising their practice and making other types of public statements. This section begins by outlining how to avoid false and deceptive statements, in specific of one's level of competence. As described in the competence section, it is unethical to provide services outside of your area of expertise. The section also outlines statements by others regarding a psychologist's work and competence. The section goes on to outline

neg: APA Ethics Code persons, unless otherwise specified. Psychologists are also required to maintain security and integrity in regards to all test material. The therapy section of the APA ethical standards is broadly written to guide psychologists through various aspects of providing psychological services. Psychologists are required to obtain informed consent from clients prior to treatment by presenting sufficient details about the therapy technique, including how established the treatment is and whether a psychologist in training will be assisting the client. When psychologists are required to provide services in a group setting, psychologists are required to identify the role of the psychologist and notify

neg: APA Ethics Code have the broadest possible participation among psychologists in its development and revisions; and to influence the ethical conduct of psychologists by meriting widespread identification and acceptance among members of the discipline". Revisions occurred over the years pertaining to many changes in society. Culture, politics, the legal system, the economy and the healthcare system have all been influential in the development of the past and current ethical codes. The case examples were also removed. Prior to 1981, there was no principle or standard that addressed conflict between law and ethics. One of the biggest changes occurred with the 1992 version of

neg: APA Ethics Code is beneficial to others yet does not hurt anyone in the process of carrying out that work. Psychologists are to remain aware of their professional influence and the potential consequences therein on individuals and groups who seek counsel with the psychologist, especially with respect to preventing misuse or abuse, while additionally maintaining awareness of how the psychologist's own physical and mental health may influence their work. Among professional interactions and research, psychologists ought to respect and protect the rights and welfare of patients and participants. The fidelity and responsibility principle of the APA general principles inspires psychologists to cultivate a

neg: APA Ethics Code research. Psychologists are responsible for reporting accurate findings and taking necessary steps to correct any errors in research and publication. Psychologists are also required to only present original data as their work and share publication credits based on the contributions rather than authority. Psychologists are also expected to be willing to share research data when required for verification, and maintain confidentiality of the participants during the review process. The assessment standard of the APA ethical standards is developed to broadly address guidelines on assessments. This standard states that the psychologist's views should be supported by findings from assessments, while reporting

neg: APA Ethics Code how to accurately and honestly describe workshops and non-degree granting educational programs. Media presentations and testimonials regarding one's work, and how to do so ethically and accurately, is also covered. This section also states that obtaining testimonials from past or current clients is not acceptable. The section closes by outlining how to ethically navigate situations of in-person solicitation of services. The record keeping and fees standard of the APA ethical standards is developed to guide psychologists in maintaining records of professional and scientific work in confidentiality. This standard states that maintaining records allow professionals to share information with other professionals

neg: APA Ethics Code situation faced in multi-disciplinary treatment teams. Guidance is provided for providing and obtaining informed consent for treatment. Another section outlines how to provide psychological services to or through organizations. And lastly, guidance is provided for how to navigate situations in which there is an interruption of psychological services for various reasons. The privacy and confidentiality section of the APA Ethical Standards is written to help provide psychologists with guidelines for maintaining appropriate confidentiality and respecting the privacy of the clients and patients under their care. Specific guidelines are provided for maintaining confidentiality for the psychologist's patients as well as discussing

neg: APA Ethics Code referral. The education and training standard of the APA ethical standards is designed to help psychologists create high-quality programmes that train future psychologists with appropriate knowledge and practice. Psychologists creating education and training programmes are responsible for presenting clear descriptions of the programmes, including the pre-requirements for acceptance and the requirements for completion of the programme. Psychologists are expected to teach accurate and current material supported by scientific evidence. Psychologists should not require students to disclose any personal information, unless it is listed as a programme requirement, or to evaluate whether such experiences are negatively impacting a student's performance. If

neg: Swiss Criminal Code With its entry into force on 1 January 1942, all cantonal legislation that contradicted the new Criminal Code was abolished. This especially included the death penalty, which was still in force in some cantons. Moreover, the competences for substantive law was largely transferred from the cantons to the Confederation. The cantons retained only the competence in procedural law and cantonal tax legislation and violations. The code has been revised numerous times since 1942. The most recent significative revision took effect in 2007 and introduced the possibility to convert short prison sentences (less than one year) into fines, calculated using a

neg: International psychology Turkey. Several of these countries are working toward licensing legislation, and several have developed ethical standards of practice to guide. Many national psychology associations have adopted a code of ethics such as, for instance, APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. EFPA has adopted several codes of ethics in recent years, and the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) adopted a unified code of ethics in 1988, which they revised in 1998 to be more consistent with EFPA’s meta-code (Pettifor, 2007). Moreover, IUPsyS and IAAP adopted, in 2008, a Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for

neg: Code of Ethics (band) Blaze, Rick Brainer, skippy Code of Ethics (band) Code of Ethics was a primarily 1990s band that wrote and performed many genres including new wave and pop. Code of Ethics formed in the early '90s with Barry Blaze and Eric Switzer. The duo released "Visual Paradox" as a self-published project, which was later picked up by indie label R.E.X. Records in 1991. In the early 1990s, the band's music was quite unique in that they were one of the few Christian music artists performing a Europop style. With their early sound being largely reminiscent of New Order, their later works

neg: Code of Ethics (band) Code of Ethics (band) Code of Ethics was a primarily 1990s band that wrote and performed many genres including new wave and pop. Code of Ethics formed in the early '90s with Barry Blaze and Eric Switzer. The duo released "Visual Paradox" as a self-published project, which was later picked up by indie label R.E.X. Records in 1991. In the early 1990s, the band's music was quite unique in that they were one of the few Christian music artists performing a Europop style. With their early sound being largely reminiscent of New Order, their later works became simultaneously more progressive

neg: Microascus brevicaulis Microascus brevicaulis Microascus brevicaulis is a microfungus in the Ascomycota. Most of the discussion of this fungus in the scientific and medical literature has referred to the fungus using the name of its asexual form, or anamorph, "Scopulariopsis brevicaulis". However, a sexual form (teleomorph) named "Microascus brevicaulis" was recently described. Under the current revision of "International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants", as articulated in the Melbourne Code, it remains unclear which name this fungus will ultimately take. Until further clarification, "Microascus brevicaulis" is considered the most recent, accepted name. "Microascus brevicaulis" occurs world-wide as a saprotroph in

neg: WinDirStat of July 2014, it is the second most downloaded "Filesystems" software on SourceForge with over 13,000 downloads per week. The tool is still up to date and its usage is designed for all platforms. The most recent release was in September 2007 and development stopped for some time after that. However, the project's blog noted that development resumed in May 2009 and some updates to the code were added in 2016. Source code is provided for all released versions on the SourceForge page in ZIP format. WinDirStat is developed via Mercurial revision control. Steve Bass of "PC World" provided a

neg: ALA Code of Ethics ALA Code of Ethics The Library Code of Ethics was created by the American Library Association (ALA). The document is a guideline for librarians and other library associates on how to uphold the values that libraries symbolize. The Code was created in 1939 and since has been updated three times. The Code of Ethics was changed in 1981 and then again in 1995. The most current version was accepted by the ALA in 2008. A common thread within the various Code of Ethics focuses on the significance of intellectual freedom and the dangers of censorship. The changes between the different

neg: Enron Code of Ethics text extolling the virtues of the Enron retirement plan. The content of the booklet has attracted less interest than the fact that Enron had a code of ethics. Enron Code of Ethics The Enron Code of Ethics was a 64-page booklet published by Enron Corporation, the last known edition of which was in July 2000. The sale of copies of the booklet on Ebay has passed into internet folklore. An article in the "San Francisco Chronicle" for February 10, 2002 reported a final bid level on one copy of USD 202.50. Another sale on Ebay (which ran from February 13

neg: Indiana Code agency was established to reorganize the entire body of law for the State of Indiana, leading to the development of 36 distinct Titles that correspond to subject categories. The first official edition of the Indiana Code was published by West Publishing Company, under direction of the Indiana Legislative Council. Responsibility for publishing the Code was later assumed by the Legislative Services Agency, through the Office of Code Revision and working with the Code Revision Commission. The current version of the Code, along with archived material, can be found at the Indiana General Assembly website: iga.in.gov Indiana Code The Indiana Code

neg: Code of Virginia Virginia", which only printed amended sections and new laws, with new case annotations. In 1904, Pollard published the two volume "Code of Virginia as Amended to Adjournment of General Assembly", which was the first printed Virginia code to be updated regularly, by biennials and supplements. It was also the first to include full case annotations that included summaries of the decisions, which more than half of those of other states had already published. After nearly 30 years without an official revision, the General Assembly passed an act of March 21, 1914, that empowered the governor to appoint a revision committee.

neg: Indiana Code Indiana Code The Indiana Code is the code of laws for the U.S. state of Indiana. The contents are the codification of all the laws currently in effect within Indiana. With roots going all the way back to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the laws of Indiana have been revised many times. The current approach to updating Indiana Code began in 1971 when the Indiana Statute Revision Commission began a complete rearrangement. The first official edition of the Indiana Code was published in 1976, and is regularly updated through the Office of Code Revision in the Legislative Services Agency. An

neg: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders duty." The Veterans Administration also adopted a slightly modified version of Medical 203. In 1949, the World Health Organization published the sixth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD), which included a section on mental disorders for the first time. The foreword to DSM-1 states this "categorized mental disorders in rubrics similar to those of the Armed Forces nomenclature." An APA Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics was empowered to develop a version specifically for use in the United States, to standardize the diverse and confused usage of different documents. In 1950, the APA committee undertook a review and

neg: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and was viewed as an attack on the efficacy of psychiatric diagnosis. Although the APA was closely involved in the next significant revision of the mental disorder section of the ICD (version 8 in 1968), it decided to go ahead with a revision of the DSM. It was published in 1968, listed 182 disorders, and was 134 pages long. It was quite similar to the DSM-I. The term "reaction" was dropped, but the term "neurosis" was retained. Both the DSM-I and the DSM-II reflected the predominant psychodynamic psychiatry, although they also included biological perspectives and concepts from Kraepelin's system of

neg: Australian Psychological Society male. All APS members are bound by the Society's Code of Ethics, the most recent version of which was adopted in 2007, and also by the 28 Ethical Guidelines that explore the principles within specific contexts encountered in practice. Guidance is also provided through position statements that are adopted by the Society at Annual General Meetings. For example, on the subject of sexual orientation change efforts and conversion therapy, the Society has joined major medical bodies like the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists in adopting a position of blanket prohibition. Its most recent comment was issued in

neg: Dennis McCann (author) University Press of America, 1990). With Max Stackhouse and Shirley Roels, he edited an anthology of materials for teaching business ethics within an ecumenically Christian perspective, "On Moral Business: Classical and Contemporary Resources for Ethics and Economics" (1995), published by Eerdmans Press. His most recent book, co-edited with Patrick D. Miller, "In Search of the Common Good," was published in March 2005 by T and T Clark/ Trinity International Press. From 1996 until 2001, McCann served as the Executive Director of the Society of Christian Ethics (SCE). He has served on the Board of Directors of the SCE (1989-1992), and

neg: Assisted suicide counsel". The original oath however has been modified many times and, contrary to popular belief, is not required by most modern medical schools. There are also procedures forbidden by the Hippocratic Oath which are in common practice today, such as abortion. The Declaration of Geneva is a revision of the Hippocratic Oath, first drafted in 1948 by the World Medical Association in response to forced euthanasia, eugenics and other medical crimes performed in Nazi Germany. It contains, "I will maintain the utmost respect for human life." The International Code of Medical Ethics, last revised in 2006, includes "A physician shall

neg: Dolph Briscoe a period of social unrest and skepticism about the motives of elected officials, he helped restore integrity to a state government fallen into disgrace as a result of the Sharpstown scandals. Briscoe's terms as governor led to a landmark events and achievements, including the most extensive ethics and financial disclosure bill in state history, passage of the Open Meetings and Open Records legislation, and strengthened laws regulating lobbyists. Briscoe also presided over the first revision of the state's penal code in one hundred years. Briscoe added $4 billion in new state funds for public education and higher education, increased teacher

neg: Joseph Telushkin a day for which Americans would go for twenty-four hours without saying anything unkind or unfair about, or to, anyone. His book "Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People and Its History" is one of the best-selling books on Judaism of the past two decades. More than two decades after its publication, the book remains a foundation text for Jews, non-Jews, and prospective converts alike. The first volume of "A Code of Jewish Ethics", "A Code of Jewish Ethics: You Shall be Holy", which Telushkin regards as his major life's work, was published

neg: Mudawana 2007. Mudawana The Mudawana (or Moudawana, ), short for "mudawwanat al-aḥwāl al-shakhṣiyyah", is the personal status code, also known as the family code, in Moroccan law. It concerns issues related to the family, including the regulation of marriage, polygamy, divorce, inheritance, and child custody. Originally based on the Maliki school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, it was codified after the country gained independence from France in 1956. Its most recent revision, passed by the Moroccan parliament in 2004, has been praised by human rights activists for its measures to address women's rights and gender equality within an Islamic legal framework. Although

neg: Mudawana Mudawana The Mudawana (or Moudawana, ), short for "mudawwanat al-aḥwāl al-shakhṣiyyah", is the personal status code, also known as the family code, in Moroccan law. It concerns issues related to the family, including the regulation of marriage, polygamy, divorce, inheritance, and child custody. Originally based on the Maliki school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, it was codified after the country gained independence from France in 1956. Its most recent revision, passed by the Moroccan parliament in 2004, has been praised by human rights activists for its measures to address women's rights and gender equality within an Islamic legal framework. Although there

neg: Rodney L. Lowman psychology (Society of Industrial-Organizational Psychology <nowiki>[</nowiki>SIOP<nowiki>]</nowiki>) though being closely tied to both science and practice had not focused much on ethics in the practice of I-O psychology. As chair of SIOP's Professional Affairs Committee, Lowman led the effort to create SIOP's first ethics casebook, which has since been expanded and published in two editions in a joint publication by APA and SIOP, "The Ethical Practice of Psychology in Organizations". Lowman (both independently and with colleagues such as Drs. Richard Kilburg and Stewart Cooper) have conducted a large number of professional training programs for psychologists on the application of ethics in

neg: APA Ethics Code of its organization, applicability, and procedural matters. The introduction states that the code applies to psychologists' scientific, educational, and professional roles, that may include "clinical psychology; counseling psychology; school psychology; research; teaching; supervision; public service; policy development; social intervention; development of assessment instruments; conducting assessments; educational counseling; organizational counseling; forensic activities; program design and evaluation; and administration," (pg. 2) The introduction also includes information on what contexts these situations apply to, including electronic and face-to-face communication. It provides information on the procedures for filing an ethical complaint, along with a description the investigation process and possible outcomes. The preamble is

neg: Deontological ethics Broad in his book, "Five Types of Ethical Theory", which was published in 1930. Older usage of the term goes back to Jeremy Bentham, who coined it before 1816 as a synonym of "Dicastic" or "Censorial Ethics" (i.e. ethics based on judgement). The more general sense of the word is retained in French, especially in the term "code de déontologie" (ethical code), in the context of professional ethics. Depending on the system of deontological ethics under consideration, a moral obligation may arise from an external or internal source, such as a set of rules inherent to the universe (ethical naturalism),

neg: Maryland Office of the Public Defender was repealed in entirety and underwent a code revision as “Chapter 15, Acts of 2008, Criminal Procedure Article, Title 16. Office of the Public Defender”, which is codified in the most current version (red books) of the Maryland Annotated Code. The 2008 code revision of Article 27A was a milestone in a forty-year effort to revise the Maryland Annotated Code. “Chapter 15, Acts of 2008, Criminal Procedure Article, Title 16. Office of the Public Defender” was part of the revision process that won't end until every articles in the black books (cited by an article and section number) undergo a

neg: American Psychological Association bolster a legal and ethical justification for the torture of prisoners. Furthermore, the report stated that the association's ethics director Stephen Behnke and others had "colluded with important Department of Defense officials to have the APA issue loose, high-level ethical guidelines that did not constrain" the interrogation of terrorism suspects at Guantanamo Bay. The association's "principal motive in doing so was to align APA and curry favor with DOD." An APA official said that ethics director Stephen Behnke had been "removed from his position as a result of the report" and indicated that other firings or sanctions might follow. On

neg: Federal Standard 595 range is identified by a five-digit code. The colors in the standard have no official names, just numbers. The initial standard FED-STD-595 issued in March 1956 contained 358 colors. Revision A issued in January 1968 counted 437 colors. Current Revision B Change 1 from January 1994 counts 611 colors. Federal Standard 595C was published January 16, 2008. No previous colors were removed. Thirty-nine new colors were added for a total of 650 colors. On July 31, 2008 595C Change Order 1 was published, changing the numbers of eight of colors added in revision C. The revision C master reference list

neg: International Sociological Association was planned for 1950. In 1952 ISA begun publishing an academic journal, "Current Sociology". 1971 marked the introduction of the official newsletter, the "ISA Bulletin". In 1986 ISA launched "International Sociology", a peer-reviewed journal published six times annually and provided to all members. "International Sociology" also has a child publication, a bi-annual "International Sociology Review of Books". Other ISA's publications include the book series "Sage Studies in International Sociology Books" and "ISA Handbooks". It also has published its own code of ethics. In recent years, ISA has also launched a number of online initiatives, such as an electronic newsletter ("Global

neg: Enron Code of Ethics Enron Code of Ethics The Enron Code of Ethics was a 64-page booklet published by Enron Corporation, the last known edition of which was in July 2000. The sale of copies of the booklet on Ebay has passed into internet folklore. An article in the "San Francisco Chronicle" for February 10, 2002 reported a final bid level on one copy of USD 202.50. Another sale on Ebay (which ran from February 13 to February 20, 2002) carried the item number "1074129276". In the latter sale, the booklet was sold together with a cup, also allegedly an Enron product, which featured

neg: Noel Preston he has sole or co-authored and edited, his textbook "Understanding Ethics" (Federation Press) was reissued in a revised fourth edition in 2014. In 2006, he published a memoir/social history: "Beyond the Boundary: a memoir exploring ethics, politics and spirituality" (Zeus Publications). (The full text of this memoir has been republished at www.noelpreston.info). In retirement Preston is particularly researching eco-theology, eco-spirituality and global ethics. His most recent book, (2014) "Ethics with or without God" (Morning Star Publishing) explores these themes. Its cover explains: “"Preston owns `the Jesus story` as central to his life. Nonetheless, while valuing the Judaeo-Christian heritage, he rejects

neg: Lighthouse Chapel International form consists of someone sowing a seed and later harvesting the returns. Not paying your tithes separates you from this most basic principle of sowing and reaping. When you do not pay your tithes you harm your finances because you take away the foundations of prosperity. However, although Pentecostals often say that wealth is a sign of divine prosperity, the problem of extravagant lifestyles of Pentecostal leaders is recognized, and LCI has instituted a code of conduct for its pastors. Hewart-Mills wrote the LCI code of ethics, published as "Ministerial Ethics: Practical Wisdom for Christian Ministers". In it he recognizes

neg: Frederick W. Allsopp an author and was co-owner of Allsopp & Chapple Bookstore in Little Rock. In 1922, he was named chairman of the 'Committee on a Code' of professional ethics of the Arkansas Press Association, and was later named APA historian "for life." Allsop died on April 9, 1946 and is buried in Little Rock’s Mount Holly Cemetery. Allsopp Park, in Little Rock, is named in his honor. Frederick W. Allsopp Frederick William Allsopp (June 25, 1867 – April 9, 1946) was an author, newspaperman, book collector, and bookstore owner. Allsopp was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England. At the age of twelve,

neg: DSM-IV codes DSM-IV codes DSM-IV codes are the classification found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, also known as "DSM-IV-TR", a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes all currently recognized mental health disorders. The DSM-IV codes are thus used by mental health professionals to describe the features of a given mental disorder and indicate how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems. The coding system utilized by the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, commonly referred to as

neg: Criminal justice ethics learn to live and think ethically in order to avoid conflicting behaviors. Codes of ethics are used as instructional aids for law enforcement departments to help officers define standards and expectations of behavior. Some countries adopt or draft a national code of ethics that all law enforcement officials are expected to abide by and other countries allow for individual police departments to adopt their own code. For example, the United Kingdom adopted a national code of ethics in April 2014, while in the United States, most police departments adopt the code of ethics (adopted) by the International Association of Chiefs

neg: Jean-Yves Marin is also an associate professor at Senghor University in Alexandria since 1996 and teaches in various European universities, including a course on ethics, a subject for which his expertise is internationally recognized. He is regularly solicited to participate in international symposia on this theme, as a speaker or organizer. The most recent one took place in Geneva in December 2016 for the 30 years of the International Council of Museums code of ethics. He is a member of the Scientific Council of the Master of Advanced Studies (MAS) in the conservation of the heritage and museology of the University of

neg: Ethics committee ethics committees to approve the research protocol in human experiments was first written into international guidelines in the first revision to the Declaration of Helsinki (Helsinki II, 1975). A controversy arose over the fourth revision (1996) concerning placebo trials in developing countries. It was claimed that US trials of the anti-HIV drug zidovudine in India was in breach of this requirement. This led the US Food and Drug Administration to cease incorporating new revisions of Helsinki and refer instead to the 1989 revision. Ethics committees are also made a requirement in "International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects",

neg: Thomas Percival Medical Association (AMA) code, adopted in 1847. Though hyperbolic in its recognition of Percival, the AMA itself states: The most significant contribution to Western medical ethical history subsequent to Hippocrates was made by Thomas Percival, an English physician, philosopher, and writer. In 1803, he published his "Code of Medical Ethics". His personality, his interest in sociological matters, and his close association with the Manchester Infirmary led to the preparation of a scheme of professional conduct relative to hospitals and other charities from which he drafted the code that bears his name. As one expert writes, "The Percivalian code asserted the

neg: Burgerlijk Wetboek law. Over the next century the Code was amended many times. In 1947, the Dutch government tasked Eduard Meijers with completely revising the Code. The 1838 Code was thought ‘out of date’ and in need of modernisation. The driving force was technical recodification; it was argued that the Code should be updated to reflect recent developments of private law. Despite the initial scope of revision being ‘technical reform’, the 1992 BW enacted substantive modifications to both the prior Code and established case-law. The technical focus of the revised code is borrowed from the German BGB. The distinction between civil law

neg: Law of the United States as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes. Regulations are adopted pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Regulations are first proposed and published in the Federal Register (FR or Fed. Reg.) and subject to a public comment period. Eventually, after a period for public comment and revisions based on comments received, a final version is published in the Federal Register. The regulations are codified and incorporated into the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) which is published once a year on a rolling schedule. Besides regulations formally promulgated under the APA, federal agencies also

neg: American Institute of Parliamentarians certain procedures exist, and advise organizations on the availability of different procedures. For one of the parliamentary authorities, "The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure", AIP was involved in its revision following the death of the original author. Many members of AIP are also members of the National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP), and both organizations have worked together with joint NAP/AIP Chapters, collaboration on a Code of Ethics for Parliamentarians, and joint conferences. One of the main differences between the two organizations is that NAP focuses on Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR), while AIP stresses proficiency and familiarity with

neg: Life Safety Code published in 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1963 refined the verbiage and presentation even further. In 1955 the NPFA101 was broken into three separate documents, NFPA101B (covering nursing homes) and NFPA101C (covering interior finishes). NFPA101C was revised once in 1956 before both publications were withdrawn and pertinent passages re-incorporated back into the main body. The Committee on Safety to Life was restructured in 1963 and the first publication in 1966 was a complete revision. The title was changed from "Building Exits Code" to "Code for Safety to Life from Fire in Buildings and Structures." The final revision to all

neg: Richard W. Miller Richard W. Miller Richard W. Miller is a political philosopher and the Wyn and William Y. Hutchinson Professor in Ethics and Public Life at Cornell University. He is also the Director of the Program on Ethics and Public Life in the Cornell University Department of Philosophy. Miller received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1975. His dissertation, "Solipsism and Language in the Writings of Wittgenstein," was directed by Rogers Albritton and Hilary Putnam. While he currently specializes in social and political philosophy, Miller has published books and articles on epistemology, philosophy of science, and ethics. His most recent book is

neg: Nicholas Hobbs retiring in 1980. Throughout his life, Hobbs also served on a number of regional and national boards. In the early 1950s, he directed the Southern Regional Education Board. His involvement there led to the establishment of the Commission on Mental Health. He chaired the APA committee that created the organization's first code of ethics, introduced in 1953. In the late 1950s, he was the vice-chair of the Board of Trustees of the Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness. This enterprise would help to embolden the deinstitutionalization movement and put emphasis on community care for the mentally ill. Based in

neg: Universal code (ethics) or steal, this would lead to widespread chaos and violence, and would be detrimental to the well-being of society. Most people agree that it's better to prohibit aggression than to allow everyone to commit it. Therefore, aggression is intrinsically immoral. Although nearly all societies have laws prohibiting aggression, this does not mean that universal ethics are necessarily reflected by that society's government or its dominant ideology. Universal code (ethics) In ethics, a "universal code of ethics" is a system of ethics that can apply to every sentient being. Kant believed that what created the problem of ethical behavior is the

neg: APA Ethics Code psychologist in making daily decisions." —Nicholas Hobbs (1948, p. 81) The first committee on Ethical Standards for Psychologists was developed in 1947 and chaired by Edward Tolman. The committee was created because psychologists were becoming more involved in professional activities and public works during and following World War II. To gain insight on what to include, the committee sought information from psychologists in the field. Psychologists discussed situations in which they felt they encountered ethical dilemmas. A second committee was formed and headed by Nicholas Hobbs. This 8-member committee was responsible for the creation of the first document. The committee

neg: Sexual addiction new addition...[the phenomenon] was not at the point where we were ready to call it an addiction." The proposed diagnosis does not make the cut as an official diagnosis due to a lack of research into diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behavior, according to the APA. The World Health Organization produces the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is not limited to mental disorders. The most recent version of that document, ICD-10, includes "excessive sexual drive" as a diagnosis (code F52.7), subdividing it into "satyriasis" (for males) and "nymphomania" (for females). However, the ICD categorizes these diagnoses as compulsive behaviors

neg: Code of Federal Regulations CFR is published in an unofficial format online on the Electronic CFR website, which is updated daily. Under the "nondelegation doctrine", federal agencies are authorized by "enabling legislation" to promulgate regulations (rulemaking). The process of rulemaking is governed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA): generally, the APA requires a process that includes publication of the proposed rules in a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM), a period for comments and participation in the decisionmaking, and adoption and publication of the final rule, via the "Federal Register". The rules and regulations are first promulgated or published in the "Federal Register". The CFR

neg: Law of Georgia (U.S. state) Code Annotated" (a.k.a. the Code of 1933) was the only published code. The "Georgia Laws" are compiled and annually published by the Georgia Office of Legislative Counsel, who also serves as the staff of the Code Revision Commission, and are distributed by the Georgia Secretary of State. The "Georgia Laws" have been published since 1820. The "Session Laws of American States and Territories Georgia" contains session laws from 1787–1899. Pursuant to certain statutes, state agencies have promulgated bodies of regulations (sometimes called administrative law). The regulations are codified in the "Rules and Regulations of Georgia" (formally the "Official Compilation, Rules

neg: APA Ethics Code if needed, help replicate research findings, and abide by the requirements of the institution and the law. In an event of an emergency, psychologists are not allowed to withhold records of clients who have failed to make payments. Psychologists are expected to arrange fees and financial arrangements in compliance with the law and accept barter only in situations that doing so, does not negatively impact the treatment. Psychologists are also expected to maintain and provide accurate reports of treatment, funding, and diagnostic details. This standard also emphasizes that psychologists should receive payment based on the services provided rather than the

neg: APA Ethics Code an appropriate referral. This ethical standard also provides psychologists with guidelines on providing services in emergency situations. Although psychologists should refrain from providing service outside of their area of competence, in times of emergency the psychologist is obligated to help where possible. Psychologists are also required to maintain competence. This is usually done through the completion of continuing education credits. This standard also provides the psychologist with a bases from which to make scientific and professional judgment in an ethically consistent manner. Outlines are also provided for delegating work to others and resolving personal problems and conflicts. The human relations

neg: APA Ethics Code involved with a past client. In the event of a termination of employment, necessary steps should be taken in order to ensure client care. Termination of therapy should occur when the client shows significant improvements, does not benefit further from treatment, is being harmed by the treatment, or the clinician is threatened by the client or a person related to the client. Psychologists are expected to prepare clients for termination and provide sources for alternative services. "These rules should do much more than help the unethical psychologist keep out of trouble; they should be of palpable aid to the ethical