query: what is the atmosphere of europa made of

pos: Europa (moon) Europa (moon) </math></ref> Europa ( ) (Jupiter II) is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet. It is also the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System. Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and was named after Europa, the mythological mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter). Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and has a water-ice crust and probably an iron–nickel core. It has a very thin atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its

pos: Europa (moon) Europa (moon) </math></ref> Europa ( ) (Jupiter II) is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet. It is also the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System. Europa was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and was named after Europa, the mythological mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter). Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and has a water-ice crust and probably an iron–nickel core. It has a very thin atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its

pos: Galilean moons been considered as a cause. The color of the markings, reddish-brown, is theorized to be caused by sulfur, but scientists cannot confirm that, because no data collection devices have been sent to Europa. Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and likely has an iron core. It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Ganymede (Jupiter III), the third Galilean moon is named after the mythological Ganymede, cupbearer of the Greek gods and Zeus's beloved. Ganymede is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System at 5262.4 kilometers in diameter, which makes it larger than the planet Mercury –

neg: Europa Lander (NASA) on the surface, matching its velocity, but with essentially no atmosphere there is no "entry", it is just a descent and landing. The Planetary Society noted that NASA called this DDL de-orbit, descent, and landing. In 1995, astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope discovered that Europa has a very tenuous atmosphere composed of oxygen. Compared to Earth, its atmosphere is extremely tenuous, with pressure at the surface predicted to be 0.1 μPa, or 10 times that of the Earth. Major stages of the Europa Lander mission are: The "Europa Clipper", if it was still operating, could function as an additional

neg: Europa (moon) sample to analyze "in situ" without having to use a lander and drill through miles of ice. Observations with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope, first described in 1995, revealed that Europa has a thin atmosphere composed mostly of molecular oxygen (O). The surface pressure of Europa's atmosphere is 0.1 μPa, or 10 times that of the Earth. In 1997, the "Galileo" spacecraft confirmed the presence of a tenuous ionosphere (an upper-atmospheric layer of charged particles) around Europa created by solar radiation and energetic particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere, providing evidence of an atmosphere. Unlike the oxygen

neg: Proposed SLS and Orion missions launch vehicle for the planned "Europa Clipper", an orbiter to Europa to study its atmosphere, magnetic and thermal characteristics, gravitational harmonics, sample any water plumes, etc. Its launch is proposed for the mid-2020s. If funded, the launch of a Europa Lander would require the SLS system, and it would be launched after "Europa Clipper" in the mid-2020s to complement its studies. SLS has been proposed by Boeing as a launch vehicle for a Uranian probe. The rocket would "Deliver a small payload into orbit around Uranus and a shallow probe into the planet’s atmosphere." The mission would study the Uranian

neg: Galilean moons thin atmosphere made up mostly of sulfur dioxide (SO). If a surface data or collection vessel were to land on Io in the future, it would have to be extremely tough (similar to the tank-like bodies of the Soviet Venera landers) to survive the radiation and magnetic fields that originate from Jupiter. Europa (Jupiter II), the second of the four Galilean moons, is the second closest to Jupiter and the smallest at 3121.6 kilometers in diameter, which is slightly smaller than the Moon. The name comes from a mythical Phoenician noblewoman, Europa, who was courted by Zeus and became the

neg: 2010: The Year We Make Contact dynamic-looking cloudy atmosphere of the planet Jupiter, as well as the swarm of monoliths that engulf the planet and turn it into a Sun for the planet Europa. Digital Productions would use data supplied by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to create the turbulent Jovian atmosphere. This was one of the first instances of what the studio would later refer to as "Digital Scene Simulation", a concept they would take to the next level with "The Last Starfighter". In order to maintain the realism of the lighting in outer space, in which light would usually come from a single light source

neg: Unmanned NASA missions different parts of the planet's extensive magnetosphere. The orbits were designed for close up flybys of Jupiter's largest moons. Once Galileo's prime mission was concluded, an extended mission followed starting on December 7, 1997; the spacecraft made a number of close flybys of Jupiter's moons Europa and Io. On September 21, 2003, Galileo's mission was terminated by sending the orbiter into Jupiter's atmosphere at a speed of nearly 50 kilometers per second. The spacecraft was low on propellant; another reason for its destruction was to avoid contamination of local moons, such as Europa, with bacteria from Earth. The Hubble Space

neg: Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry ICEMAG utilizes fluxgate magnetic field sensors and helium sensors in an integrated magnetic measurement system. Electromagnetic waves between 10 to 1 Hertz could reveal localized mass flow of ions arising from plumes and the atmosphere; that is, localized transient currents indicate plume activity. In general, ICEMAG data will combine synergistically with other data sets to improve knowledge of interior properties and exosphere activity. The objectives of the ICEMAG investigation are: Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry The Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry (ICEMAG) is a multi-frequency magnetometer that will be flown on board the "Europa Clipper" mission to Jupiter's

neg: Europa (moon) in Earth's atmosphere, Europa's is not of biological origin. The surface-bounded atmosphere forms through radiolysis, the dissociation of molecules through radiation. Solar ultraviolet radiation and charged particles (ions and electrons) from the Jovian magnetospheric environment collide with Europa's icy surface, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen constituents. These chemical components are then adsorbed and "sputtered" into the atmosphere. The same radiation also creates collisional ejections of these products from the surface, and the balance of these two processes forms an atmosphere. Molecular oxygen is the densest component of the atmosphere because it has a long lifetime; after returning to the

neg: Europa and the Pirate Twins Blinded Me with Science" and "Hyperactive!" in addition to describing that for "Europa and the Pirate Twins" as being "one of his lesser-known and unsung videos". Europa and the Pirate Twins "Europa and the Pirate Twins" is a song by English artist Thomas Dolby, from his 1982 album "The Golden Age of Wireless". Written by Dolby, who produced it alongside Tim Friese-Greene, the song was released as a single on 3 October 1981. The song, described as a "synth pop classic", was inspired by the atmosphere of World War II, and features a guest appearance by XTC's Andy Partridge. The

neg: Darwin (spacecraft) in the atmosphere could be evidence for life. Oxygen is very reactive so if large amounts of oxygen exist in a planet's atmosphere some process such as photosynthesis must be continuously producing it. The presence of oxygen alone, however, is not conclusive evidence for life. Jupiter's moon Europa, for example, has a tenuous oxygen atmosphere thought to be produced by radiolysis of water molecules. Numerical simulations have shown that under proper conditions it is possible to build up an oxygen atmosphere via photolysis of carbon dioxide. Photolysis of water vapor and carbon dioxide produces hydroxyl ions and atomic oxygen, respectively,

neg: Atmosphere bodies within the Solar System have extremely thin atmospheres not in equilibrium. These include the Moon (sodium gas), Mercury (sodium gas), Europa (oxygen), Io (sulfur), and Enceladus (water vapor). The first exoplanet whose atmospheric composition was determined is HD 209458b, a gas giant with a close orbit around a star in the constellation Pegasus. Its atmosphere is heated to temperatures over 1,000 K, and is steadily escaping into space. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and sulfur have been detected in the planet's inflated atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere consists of a number of layers that differ in properties such as composition, temperature and pressure.

neg: Tholin its atmosphere is thought to be caused by the presence of tholins. Colored regions on Jupiter's satellite Europa are thought to be tholins. The morphology of Europa's impact craters and ridges is suggestive of fluidized material welling up from the fractures where pyrolysis and radiolysis take place. In order to generate colored tholins on Europa there must be a source of materials (carbon, nitrogen, and water) and a source of energy to make the reactions occur. Impurities in the water ice crust of Europa are presumed both to emerge from the interior as cryovolcanic events that resurface the body, and

neg: Extraterrestrial atmosphere be reflected in a flattening and decline of brightness, while solar forcing should be reflected in a flattening and then resumed rise of brightness. Ten of the many natural satellites in the Solar System are known to have atmospheres: Europa, Io, Callisto, Enceladus, Ganymede, Titan, Rhea, Dione, Triton and Earth's Moon. Ganymede and Europa both have very tenuous oxygen atmospheres, thought to be produced by radiation splitting the water ice present on the surface of these moons into hydrogen and oxygen. Io has an extremely thin atmosphere consisting mainly of sulfur dioxide (), arising from volcanism and sunlight-driven sublimation of

neg: Europa and the Pirate Twins Europa and the Pirate Twins "Europa and the Pirate Twins" is a song by English artist Thomas Dolby, from his 1982 album "The Golden Age of Wireless". Written by Dolby, who produced it alongside Tim Friese-Greene, the song was released as a single on 3 October 1981. The song, described as a "synth pop classic", was inspired by the atmosphere of World War II, and features a guest appearance by XTC's Andy Partridge. The single reached a peak position of 48 in the United Kingdom, Dolby's home country, as well as charting in the United States and Canada. Taken from

neg: Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry "Galileo" spacecraft, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. The magnetic field induced in Europa over many frequencies will reveal the ocean depth and ice shell thickness, especially when combined with the ice penetrating radar data and the PIMS instrument. Knowledge of the ocean properties will help understand Europa's evolution and allow evaluation of processes that have cycled material between the depths and the surface, and will help assess the ocean's potential habitability. ICEMAG will help understand not only what Europa is made of, but also the processes that link the ocean to the surface, and how the system works.

neg: Ganymede (moon) turned up nothing in 1997. Sodium is at least 13 times less abundant around Ganymede than around Europa, possibly because of a relative deficiency at the surface or because the magnetosphere fends off energetic particles. Another minor constituent of the Ganymedian atmosphere is atomic hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms were observed as far as 3,000 km from Ganymede's surface. Their density on the surface is about . The "Galileo" craft made six close flybys of Ganymede from 1995–2000 (G1, G2, G7, G8, G28 and G29) and discovered that Ganymede has a permanent (intrinsic) magnetic moment independent of the Jovian magnetic field. The

neg: Europa (rocket) develop such a missile, named Blue Streak, was promptly initiated; however, there were key questions over the then-relatively unknown scenario of what such a vehicle would encounter when attempting re-entry to the atmosphere, there were fears that such a vehicle might simply burn up like a meteor and therefore be unachievable. Accordingly, during 1955, the Black Knight research rocket programme was commenced for this purpose. Following several launches, the Black Knight became to be regarded as a successful programme, having produced a relatively low cost and reliable rocket, and thus there was impetus present to proceed with further development of

neg: MS Europa 2 was launched on 6 July 2012. On 29 April 2013, the vessel was handed over to Hapag Lloyd, with Dr Wolfgang Flägel, Managing Director of Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and Laurent Castaing, General Manager of STX France, signing the takeover protocol. She was christened on 10 May 2013, during the 824th Hamburg Port anniversary. "Europa 2" is intended to convey an atmosphere more relaxing than that of her more traditional fleet mate, the . She has the greatest space per passenger of any cruise ship, and her décor is contemporary. During the day, her reception area is bathed in natural light, which

neg: Europa Batteries of the wall. 3rd Europa or Lighthouse Battery was situated next to the Europa Point Lighthouse and mounted three guns. The refurbished Harding's Battery was originally built on top of what was the 7th Europa Battery in 1859 and it was positioned between what became the 1st and 2nd Europa Batteries. A Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun was situated at Harding's during the Second World War. Europa Batteries The Europa Batteries are a group of artillery batteries in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Facing the North African coast, they are the most southerly batteries in Gibraltar and were built

neg: Redemption Cairn Weinbaum collections: Redemption Cairn "Redemption Cairn" is a science fiction short story by Stanley G. Weinbaum that first appeared in the March 1936 issue of "Astounding Stories". "Redemption Cairn" is the only Weinbaum story set on Europa. In Weinbaum's Solar System, in keeping with the then-current "near-collision" hypothesis of planetary formation, Jupiter radiates enough heat to create Earth-like environments on the Galilean moons. Europa is airless except for a depression on the Jupiter-facing side of the tidally locked moon, which holds a thin, but breathable atmosphere. This region is divided into a number of small valleys separated from each other

neg: Redemption Cairn Redemption Cairn "Redemption Cairn" is a science fiction short story by Stanley G. Weinbaum that first appeared in the March 1936 issue of "Astounding Stories". "Redemption Cairn" is the only Weinbaum story set on Europa. In Weinbaum's Solar System, in keeping with the then-current "near-collision" hypothesis of planetary formation, Jupiter radiates enough heat to create Earth-like environments on the Galilean moons. Europa is airless except for a depression on the Jupiter-facing side of the tidally locked moon, which holds a thin, but breathable atmosphere. This region is divided into a number of small valleys separated from each other by ridges

neg: MS Europa 2 is long enough to enable the swimming of laps, and is surrounded by comfortable loungers with soft marine-blue cushions. The pool deck has a small bar and stage for live music. A retractable roof can be closed to create an atmosphere reminiscent of a conservatory. "Europa 2"s well-equipped gym offers classes such as Pilates and Spinning, and also assists passengers who wish to continue their normal exercise regime ashore. The spa is classed as an "authentic wellness centre". It includes three types of sauna - Finnish, herbal and bio. The spa is also equipped with a steam room, ice wall

neg: Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding The Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) is a Faraday cup based instrument that will fly on board the "Europa Clipper" orbiter to explore Jupiter's moon Europa. PIMS will measure the plasma that populates Jupiter's magnetosphere and Europa's ionosphere. The Principal investigator is Joseph Westlake, from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The plasma in Jupiter's magnetosphere interacts with Europa's atmosphere. This interaction results in magnetic field perturbations. While understanding this plasma interaction is inherently interesting, it is also crucial for successful magnetic sounding Europa's subsurface ocean. The interaction of the Jovian magnetic

neg: Mass Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration Mass Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration The MAss SPectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity that allows the determination of a wide variety of chemical compounds in complex mixtures. This instrument will fly on board the planned "Europa Clipper" orbiter to explore Jupiter's moon Europa. This astrobiology mission will analyse the composition of Europa's surface while in orbit, and will directly assess its internal ocean habitability by flying through Europa's tenuous atmosphere. On 27 May 2016 it was announced that MASPEX was selected to fly on the mission. The launch is planned for approximately

neg: Europa building some space in the corridors, press room, catering facilities and lifts. For the architect, it is a way to bring more light and a warmer atmosphere in the building, in particular in the meeting rooms. Due to EU leaders desire for the building to be eco-friendly, the design was adapted to include solar panels on the roof and recycle rain water. Construction work on the Europa building began in 2007, with the building originally planned to be finished and inaugurated by 2012. However, due to setbacks and modifications to the design following the evolution of the European Council's needs as

neg: Marcin Rozynek released their eponymous debut album, "Atmosphere", and in 1999 released "Europa Naftowa". Atmosphere were awarded the "Debut Album of the Year 1997" by "Tylko Rock" magazine and were nominated for a Fryderyk award in 1998 in the category "Debut of the Year". In 1998, Atmosphere appeared at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole with the song "Niewielki Skrawek Ziemi". In 2000, Marcin Rozynek met Grzegorz Ciechowski who undertook to release his first solo album. Work on Księga Urodzaju started in November 2001. At the beginning of December, Grzegorz Ciechowski got first effects of their cooperation, the end of

neg: Europa Ultraviolet Spectrograph range, along a 7.5° slit. A radiation-hardened integrated circuit will be incorporated to meet the radiation requirements. The Europa-UVS offers additional capabilities to locate and characterize plumes erupting from Europa's surface. UVS will also investigate the composition and chemistry of Europa's atmosphere, its surface, and study how energy and mass flow around the moon and its environment. The instrument is a sensitive imaging spectrograph that can observe in the ultraviolet spectral range of 55 nm to 210 nm and can achieve a spectral resolution of <0.6 nm. The instrument does not contain a scan mirror, so the spacecraft must provide

neg: Large Strategic Science Missions opportunity to identify prebiotic organic molecules or even extant life beyond Earth, should it exist, in the Solar System. The targets of Flagship missions may include complex missions to the atmosphere and surface of Venus, the lower atmosphere and surface of Titan, the surface and subsurface of Europa, the stormy atmosphere of Jupiter, the dusty surface of Mars, the ring systems of Saturn, the deep atmospheres of the ice giants Neptune and Uranus, the surface of the moon Triton, the plumes of Enceladus, the surface and magnetosphere of Mercury, and the surface of a comet nucleus in the form of

neg: Augsburg Railway Park Augsburg Railway Park The Augsburg Railway Park ("Bahnpark Augsburg") is a railway museum in Augsburg on part of the former Augsburg locomotive shed owned by the Deutsche Bahn. Following reconstruction work, the park officially reopened on 13 April 2009. In the future, 29 historic locomotives from the EU member countries and also Switzerland will be exhibited in the roundhouse and on the turntable, the so-called Europa Roundhouse ("Rundhaus Europa"), which are protected historical buildings. In addition to the roundhouse there are also three historical steam locomotive halls with a workshop atmosphere and a historical smithy. The "Augsburg Railway Park" offers

neg: Atmosphere of Titan significant underestimates; methane abundances in Titan's atmosphere were ten times higher, and the surface pressure was at least double what he had predicted. The high surface pressure meant that methane could only form a small fraction of Titan's atmosphere. In 1980, "Voyager 1" made the first detailed observations of Titan's atmosphere, revealing that its surface pressure was higher than Earth's, at 1.5 bars (about x1.48 of Earth's atmosphere). On June 23, 2014, a NASA/ESA said its isotopic abundances were evidence that the nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not

neg: Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS or HRS) was an ultraviolet spectrograph installed on the Hubble Space Telescope during its original construction, and it was launched into space as part of that space telescope aboard the Space Shuttle on April 24, 1990 (STS-31). The instrument is named after 20th century rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard. One of the results was the discovery of tenuous atmosphere for Jupiter's moon Europa in 1995. The gas was determined to be mostly of molecular oxygen (O). The surface pressure of Europa's atmosphere is 0.1 μPa, or 10 times that of

neg: Ganymede (moon) in the visible spectrum. No atmosphere was revealed by the "Voyager" data. The upper limit on the surface particle number density was found to be , which corresponds to a surface pressure of less than 2.5 µPa (25 picobar). The latter value is almost five orders of magnitude less than the 1972 estimate. Despite the "Voyager" data, evidence for a tenuous oxygen atmosphere (exosphere) on Ganymede, very similar to the one found on Europa, was found by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1995. HST actually observed airglow of atomic oxygen in the far-ultraviolet at the wavelengths 130.4 nm and

neg: Moons of Jupiter of the Galilean moons with Jupiter's extended atmosphere. The "New Horizons" spacecraft flew by Jupiter in 2007 and made improved measurements of its satellites' orbital parameters. The "Galileo" spacecraft was the first to enter orbit around Jupiter, arriving in 1995 and studying it until 2003. During this period, "Galileo" gathered a large amount of information about the Jovian system, making close approaches to all of the Galilean moons and finding evidence for thin atmospheres on three of them, as well as the possibility of liquid water beneath the surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. It also discovered a magnetic field

neg: Exploration of Jupiter moons and the ring system, discovering the volcanic activity of Io and the presence of water ice on the surface of Europa. "Ulysses" further studied Jupiter's magnetosphere in 1992 and then again in 2000. The "Cassini" probe approached the planet in 2000 and took very detailed images of its atmosphere. The "New Horizons" spacecraft passed by Jupiter in 2007 and made improved measurements of its and its satellites' parameters. The "Galileo" spacecraft was the first to have entered orbit around Jupiter, arriving in 1995 and studying the planet until 2003. During this period "Galileo" gathered a large amount of information

neg: Exomoon as well as constraints from a satellite's orbital stability. He found that, depending on a moon's orbital eccentricity, there is a minimum mass for stars to host habitable moons at around 0.2 solar masses. Taking as an example the smaller Europa, at less than 1% the mass of the Earth, Lehmer et al. found if it were to end up near to Earth orbit it would only be able to hold onto its atmosphere for a few million years. However, for any larger, Ganymede-sized moons venturing into its solar system’s habitable zone, an atmosphere and surface water could be retained

neg: Europa Philharmonie Europa Philharmonie The Europa Philharmonie is a European symphony orchestra made up of musicians from European Union countries as well as musicians from all over the world who have made Europe their home. Since 2009, the orchestra has been based in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and is supported by the association Friends of Europa Philharmonie. The founder and principal conductor is Reinhard Seehafer. The idea for a European orchestra came from general director Professor Wolf-Dieter Ludwig and the principal conductor, Reinhard Seehafer, after the borders in Europe had fallen away, and later under the name of Europa Philharmonie, was substantiated through the

neg: Europa Nostra Europa Nostra. Its previous name was "European Cultural Heritage Review" . Europa Nostra's Scientific Council has also published a total of 64 volumes of its "Scientific Bulletin". Europa Nostra is a non-profit organisation, which is financially supported by membership fees and donations, by the European Commission and other public bodies and private supporters and sponsors. Europa Nostra's membership is made up of different categories: Europa Nostra Europa Nostra (Latin for "Our Europe") is a pan-European Federation for Cultural Heritage, representing citizens’ organisations that work on safeguarding Europe's cultural and natural heritage. It is the voice of this movement to relevant

neg: Pioneer 10 on the way out from the planet. Nonetheless, "Pioneer 10" did succeed in obtaining images of the moons Ganymede and Europa. The image of Ganymede showed low albedo features in the center and near the south pole, while the north pole appeared brighter. Europa was too far away to obtain a detailed image, although some albedo features were apparent. The trajectory of "Pioneer 10" was chosen to take it behind Io, allowing the refractive effect of the moon's atmosphere on the radio transmissions to be measured. This demonstrated that the ionosphere of the moon was about above the surface on

neg: Europa Orbiter freshest sub-surface material had been brought the surface. This location would then be the target of a lander which could study what would hopefully be subsurface material, without having to drill down through the ice layer. Another aspect that has been noted was that this concept was studied about three years leading up to its cancellation in 2002. After "Europa Orbiter" NASA turned its attention to a nuclear fission powered orbiter for Europa for Project Prometheus. Comparison of notional NASA missions targeting Jupiter's moon Europa Europa Orbiter The Europa Orbiter was a planned NASA mission to Jupiter's Moon Europa, that

neg: Europa and the Pirate Twins "emphasises the short distance between [Dolby's] generation and the one which endured the last global conflict". Dolby has described the song, along with the tone of the album, as reflecting "a sense of [a] relationship that's going on as being overwhelmed by something on a grander level", adding that "there's a very strong wartime atmosphere to it". The song was described as "a semi-autobiographical romp" in the liner notes for Dolby's 2009 greatest hits album "The Singular Thomas Dolby", the release of which was overseen by the singer. "Europa and the Pirate Twins" received a "sequel" on Dolby's 1992 album

neg: Europa Philharmonie "Indivisible Europe" of which Professor Kurt Masur, the late Lea Rabin, Hans-Dietrich Genscher and Prof. Dr. Dieter Stolte are members. From 1998 to 2007, the orchestra was based in Schloss Hundisburg (Hundisburg Castle) in Saxony-Anhalt, which is one of the most important baroque castles in northern Germany. Europa Philharmonie The Europa Philharmonie is a European symphony orchestra made up of musicians from European Union countries as well as musicians from all over the world who have made Europe their home. Since 2009, the orchestra has been based in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and is supported by the association Friends of Europa Philharmonie.

neg: 2017–18 UEFA Europa League Manchester United enter the group stage (as the sixth-placed team of the 2016–17 Premier League). However, since they qualified for the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, the spot which they qualified for in the Europa League group stage is vacated, and the following changes to the default allocation system are made: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules

neg: 2014–15 UEFA Europa League the country coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Europa League, as noted below: Since title holders Sevilla qualified for the Europa League through their domestic performance, the spot which they qualified for in the group stage (as the fifth-placed team of the 2013–14 La Liga) is vacated, and the following changes to the default allocation system were made: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within

neg: Europa (ship) Sydney. From New Zealand, the ship sailed an official Cape Horn rounding (October - December 2013). In June 2014 "Europa" completed her circumnavigation by arriving in Amsterdam. Europa (ship) The Europa is a steel-hulled barque registered in the Netherlands. Originally it was a German lightship, named Senator Brockes and built in 1911 at the H.C. Stülcken & Sohn shipyard in Hamburg, Germany. Until 1977, it was in use by the German Federal Coast Guard as a lightship on the river Elbe. A Dutchman bought the vessel (or what was left of her) in 1985 and in 1994 she was fully

neg: Europa (Roman province) Europa (Roman province) Europa was a Roman province within the Diocese of Thrace. Established by Roman Emperor Diocletian (284-305), the province largely corresponds to what is modern day European Turkey. The province's capital was Perinthus (later known as Heraclea; modern Marmara Ereğlisi). Bordering only the provinces of Rhodope and Haemimontus to the west and northwest, Europa was a peninsula and was surrounded by water on three sides: the Black Sea to the northeast, the Bosphorus to the east, and the Sea of Marmara and Aegean Sea to the south and southeast. The largest city along the Black Sea was Salmydessus.

neg: 2015–16 UEFA Europa League Liga). However, since they qualified for the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, the spot which they qualified for in the Europa League group stage is vacated, and the following changes to the default allocation system are made: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules (regulations Articles 3.03 and 3.04): The labels in the parentheses show how each team

neg: Europa (ship) Europa (ship) The Europa is a steel-hulled barque registered in the Netherlands. Originally it was a German lightship, named Senator Brockes and built in 1911 at the H.C. Stülcken & Sohn shipyard in Hamburg, Germany. Until 1977, it was in use by the German Federal Coast Guard as a lightship on the river Elbe. A Dutchman bought the vessel (or what was left of her) in 1985 and in 1994 she was fully restored as a barque, a three-mast rigged vessel, and retrofitted for special-purpose sail-training. "Europa" cruises worldwide and accepts paying voyage crew (trainees) for short or long trip

neg: Europa (Holly Johnson album) Europa (Holly Johnson album) Europa is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Holly Johnson, released in 2014. As Johnson's first studio album in 15 years, "Europa" was announced in mid-2014, to be released on Johnson's own label Pleasuredome. The singer had hinted at his plans for an album of new material back in 2009 when speaking to Absolute Radio at that year's Q Awards. In 2011, Johnson returned to performing live by appearing at the occasional summer festival, mainly in the UK, and in May 2014 he announced his first UK solo tour in October, named after what Johnson

neg: Europa regina the Iberian Peninsula forming the head as in the "Europa regina" imagery, this is resulting in a ducked woman, corresponding with the "Europa deplorans" rather than the "Europa triumphans" allegory. Europa regina Europa regina, Latin for "Queen Europe", is the map-like depiction of the European continent as a queen. Made popular in the 1500s, the map shows Europe standing upright, with the Iberian Peninsula forming her crowned head, and Bohemia her heart. During the European Middle Ages, maps typically adhered to the Jerusalem-centered T-O scheme, depicting Europe, Asia and Africa. Separate maps of Europe were extremely rare; the only known

neg: Galileo (spacecraft) Gaspra, and discovered the first asteroid moon, Dactyl, around 243 Ida. In 1994, "Galileo" observed Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9's collision with Jupiter. Jupiter's atmospheric composition and ammonia clouds were recorded, the clouds possibly created by outflows from the lower depths of the atmosphere. Io's volcanism and plasma interactions with Jupiter's atmosphere were also recorded. The data "Galileo" collected supported the theory of a liquid ocean under the icy surface of Europa, and there were indications of similar liquid-saltwater layers under the surfaces of Ganymede and Callisto. Ganymede was shown to possess a magnetic field and the spacecraft found new evidence for

neg: Radio.string.quartet.vienna 'appropriated' my music and made it their very own. They even got the atmosphere which was present all those years ago. The other aspect that touched me deeply was the importance they attach to improvisation, and they do improvise!... ...This is no ordinary string quartet. The love of, and the dedication they have to their respective instruments is marvellous, and the fact that they have taken what was electric jazz-fusion music, fused it with their training in 'classical' music, and conserved the 'electric' atmosphere is outstanding." "Radiodream" (2011) marked a new chapter in the band's history: it is the most

neg: Europa Clipper Europa Clipper Europa Clipper is an interplanetary mission in development by NASA comprising an orbiter. Set for a launch in June of 2023, the spacecraft is being developed to study the Galilean moon Europa through a series of flybys while in orbit around Jupiter. This mission is a scheduled flight of the Planetary Science Division, designated a Large Strategic Science Mission, and funded under the Planetary Missions Program Office's Solar System Exploration program as its second flight. It is also supported by the new Ocean Worlds Exploration Program. "Europa Clipper" will perform follow-up studies to those made by the "Galileo"

neg: 2016–17 UEFA Europa League on the country coefficients, associations could have additional teams participating in the Europa League, as noted below: In the default access list, Sevilla enter the third qualifying round (as the seventh-placed team of the 2015–16 La Liga). However, since they qualified for the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, the spot which they qualified for in the Europa League third qualifying round is vacated, and the following changes to the default allocation system are made: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the

neg: Nun's Well, Gibraltar Engineers constructed what is now the main building, which has a castle-like appearance. Nun's Well became the focus of controversy during the 2010-2011 restoration of the site. Nun's Well is an ancient subterranean water reservoir in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is located at Europa Point, the southernmost portion of Gibraltar. The cistern is on Europa New Road at Europa Flats, across from the south entrance to Keightley Way Tunnel, just south of the Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque. On the east side of the structure, the reservoir is accessed by stairs which lead

neg: Europa Orbiter Shuttle. This would have meant an arrival at Jupiter in 2007, at which time it would commence in three-part science tour focused on Europa. The spacecraft would be radiation hardened to survive a predicted 4 megarads of radiation. The science payload would include a radar to determine the thickness of ice at Europa, and determine what was below it. Other instruments would be an altimeter and imaging systems, among other devices. In 1999 NASA issued an announcement of opportunity that solicited experiments for Europa Orbiter, Pluto/Kuiper Express, and Solar Probe. The results of the studies on the Europa Orbiter have

neg: 2018–19 UEFA Europa League round (one of them would be drawn to receive a bye to the third qualifying round). In addition, originally three losers from the Champions League second qualifying round (League Path) are transferred to the Europa League third qualifying round (Main Path). However, one fewer loser would be transferred since the Europa League title holders already qualified for the group stage via their domestic league. As a result, the following changes to the access list was made: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa

neg: Europa Press (news agency) Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora and Javier García Vinuesa. In 1953, Torcuato Luca de Tena y Álvarez Ossorio created Agencia Europa, a new agency to elaborate reports, novels summary, serials, etc. Four years later, in 1957, due to the prosperous beginning of the business, Luca de Tena registered it like Agencia Europa Press. The his first logotype represented Zeus transformed in a bull while he is kidnapping Europe, and in turn it represented Europe like an ideal politic and social region. The Europa Press group is made up of several independent limited-liability companies, built around seven areas of business: Europa

neg: Tectonic–climatic interaction variables as controls and hold eruption intensity constant predict particulate emissions, such as volcanic ash and other pyroclastic debris ejected into the atmosphere, in the tropics to reach higher altitudes than eruptions in arid or polar areas. Some of these climatic variables include humidity, aridity, winds, and atmospheric stability. The observation made by the model matches what is seen in nature: volcanoes in tropical climates have greater eruption heights than those in the poles. If there were a widening of the tropics, the number of volcanoes able to produce higher altitude emissions into the atmosphere would increase. Effects on the

neg: Vacuum airship may survive in the Venusian atmosphere. The equation for formula_21 shows that exoplanets with dense, cold and high-molecular (formula_37, formula_38, formula_39 type) atmospheres may be suitable for vacuum airships, but it is a rare type of atmosphere. In the Edgar Rice Burroughs novel "Tarzan at the Earth's Core" Tarzan travels to Pellucidar in a vacuum airship constructed of the fictional material Harbenite. In "Passarola Rising", novelist Azhar Abidi imagines what might have happened had Bartolomeu de Gusmão built and flown a vacuum airship. Spherical vacuum body airships using the Magnus effect and made of carbyne or similar superhard carbon are

neg: Atmosphere of Mars energy to escape the planet. In this process the light isotope of carbon (C) is most likely to leave the atmosphere. Hence, the carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere would be enriched with the heavy isotope (C). This higher level of the heavy isotope is what was recently found by the "Curiosity" rover that sits on the surface of Mars. The atmosphere of Mars is enriched considerably with the noble gas argon, in comparison to the atmosphere of the other planets within the Solar System. Unlike carbon dioxide, the argon content of the atmosphere does not condense, and hence the

neg: Europa (wargame) cover of #86 (with "HMS" substituted for "GRD" on the title page).. (As of July 2015, the most recent issue is #87, published in 2004. The repeated changes in publishers since 2000 have made the appearance of new issues somewhat erratic, but the magazine is still in existence.) The magazine subscription is also a membership in The "Europa" Association, whose members also receive discounts on game orders and free copies of some of the "refit kit" materials or special maps. As with "The Grenadier" before it, "The Europa Magazine" also covers the publisher's other, non-"Europa" offerings. Unlike "The Grenadier", however,

neg: Solar Dynamics Observatory extended solar atmosphere. HMI observations will enable establishing the relationships between the internal dynamics and magnetic activity in order to understand solar variability and its effects. The Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) measures the Sun's extreme ultraviolet irradiance with improved spectral resolution, "temporal cadence", accuracy, and precision over preceding measurements made by TIMED SEE, SOHO, and SORCE XPS. The instrument incorporates physics-based models in order to further scientific understanding of the relationship between solar EUV variations and magnetic variation changes in the Sun. The Sun's output of energetic extreme ultraviolet photons is primarily what heats the Earth's upper atmosphere and

neg: Europa (Roman province) Along the coast of the Sea of Marmara were the cities of Perinthus (the capital; later known as Heraclea), Selymbria, Raidestus, and Callipolis. On the coast of the Aegean and at the mouth of the Hebrus river in the Melas Gulf was the city of Aenus (Thrace). Europa (Roman province) Europa was a Roman province within the Diocese of Thrace. Established by Roman Emperor Diocletian (284-305), the province largely corresponds to what is modern day European Turkey. The province's capital was Perinthus (later known as Heraclea; modern Marmara Ereğlisi). Bordering only the provinces of Rhodope and Haemimontus to the west

neg: Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design) Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design) In architecture and spatial design, atmosphere refers to the sensorial qualities that a space emits. Atmosphere is an immediate form of physical perception, and is recognised through emotional sensibility. Architects and designers use the notion of atmosphere to argue that architecture and space is designed and built for people to use and experience. Peter Zumthor in his book "Atmospheres" constitutes architectural atmospheres as "this singular density and mood, this feeling of presence, well-being, harmony, beauty...under whose spell I experience what I otherwise would not experience in precisely this way". Spaces of atmosphere are shaped through

neg: Pictorialism this way: "Atmosphere is the medium through which we see all things. In order, therefore, to see them in their true value on a photograph, as we do in Nature, atmosphere must be there. Atmosphere softens all lines; it graduates the transition from light to shade; it is essential to the reproduction of the sense of distance. That dimness of outline which is characteristic for distant objects is due to atmosphere. Now, what atmosphere is to Nature, tone is to a picture." Paul L. Anderson, a prolific contemporary promoter of pictorialism, advised his readers that true art photography conveyed "suggestion

neg: UEFA Europa League progressing to the later stages beyond the stages they traditionally would be eliminated in the Champions League and Europa League. In mid-2018 talk of an announcement intensified, with news sources claiming an agreement had already been reached for the competition to be launched and that the 48-team Europa League group stage would be split into two, with the lower-half forming the nucleus of what would be the new event. On 2 December 2018, UEFA announced that the competition – provisionally known as "Europa League 2" or just "UEL2" – was to be launched as part of the 2021–24 three-year competition

neg: UEFA Europa League 2 League and Europa League. In mid-2018 talk of an announcement intensified, with news sources claiming an agreement had already been reached for the competition to be launched and that the 48-team Europa League group stage would be split into two, with the lower-half forming the nucleus of what would be the new event. On 2 December 2018, UEFA announced that the competition – provisionally known as "Europa League 2" or just "UEL2" – was to be launched as part of the 2021–24 three-year competition cycle, with UEFA announcing that the new tournament would bring "more matches for more clubs and

neg: Europa Universalis III the project lacks active leadership". Universo Virtual, claiming to had a game ready for release, announced legal action against Paradox. Its leader, Portuguese developer Carlos Gustavo, accused Paradox of having come up with new requirements several times during development of "Magna Mundi". He also claimed that Paradox did not own the source code licensed to him, and announced a release of what was to be "Magna Mundi" the game, now re-titled "World Stage". The game's sequel, "Europa Universalis IV", was released on August 13, 2013. On MetaCritic the following reception was achieved by Paradox Development Studio: Europa Universalis III Europa

neg: 2012–13 UEFA Europa League The following changes to the default allocation system were made to compensate for these vacated spots: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules: The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round: All draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland unless stated otherwise. Matches in the qualifying, play-off, and knockout rounds

neg: Lotus Europa the S2 Europa, but retaining the large wheel arches and side vents of the 47GT. Fitted with a tuned Ford cross flow engine but with the Renault gearbox and rear suspension of the Europa. The number produced is unknown but probably no more than 6. As a mobile test bed for the new 2 litre Lotus 907 engine being developed for the forthcoming Elite and Eclat, the Type 62 was produced. Only two such cars were ever made. These were space frame cars with F1 suspension to handle the 240 hp from the engine. Although deliberately made to resemble the

neg: Galilean moons called Valhalla. Callisto is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and probably molecular oxygen. Investigation revealed that Callisto may possibly have a subsurface ocean of liquid water at depths less than 300 kilometres. The likely presence of an ocean within Callisto indicates that it can or could harbour life. However, this is less likely than on nearby Europa. Callisto has long been considered the most suitable place for a human base for future exploration of the Jupiter system since it is furthest from the intense radiation of Jupiter. Fluctuations in the orbits of the moons indicate

neg: Noriaki Kinoshita selected to the all-NFL Europa team 2006 as special teams player. He returned to the Amsterdam Admirals for his third NFL Europa season. In 2007, Kinoshita led NFL Europa with a 15.9-yard punt return average and ranked third with a 23.2-yard kickoff-return average. He also added 23 receptions for 364 yards and two touchdowns in what would be the final season of NFL Europa. On June 28, Kinoshita signed with his favorite team, the Atlanta Falcons, and competed throughout training camp for a roster spot. "I am very excited to compete at the Falcons' training camp with other great players,"

neg: Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) were not filtered through guitar effects—those that did, however, were made with vintage electronics from the 1960s and 70s. For "Give It Away", along with the rest of the album, Rubin sought to achieve a sense of atmosphere that was similar to 60s records that were made without commercialism or viability in mind and to downplay on "big" sounds: "What you hear is what you get—there's not a lot of trickery. A lot of people want the biggest sound, with walls of guitar and huge drums. But I don't think those things matter." The song follows a traditional verse-chorus-verse structure;

neg: Climate of Mars the light isotope of carbon () would be most likely to leave the atmosphere. Hence, the carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere would be enriched with the heavy isotope (). This higher level of the heavy isotope is what was found by the "Curiosity" rover on Mars. The Martian atmosphere is composed mainly of carbon dioxide and has a mean surface pressure of about 600 pascals (Pa), much lower than the Earth's 101,000 Pa. One effect of this is that Mars' atmosphere can react much more quickly to a given energy input than that of Earth's atmosphere. As a consequence,

neg: Clinton N'Jie longer. Working with injured teammate Jan Vertonghen during his recovery, N'Jie eventually made his return on 8 May 2016 in a Premier League match against Southampton, in what would be his final appearance of the season. N'Jie made 8 appearances (all of them as a substitute) for Tottenham in the Premier League, his longest a 79-minute affair when he replaced the injured Nacer Chadli against Liverpool. In addition, N'Jie made 5 appearances, starting in 2 of them, in Tottenham's Europa League campaign, and did not score a goal in all competitions. On 31 August 2016, N'Jie returned to Ligue 1,

neg: Atmosphere of Earth the energy Earth receives from the Sun. Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that we cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. In May 2017, glints of light, seen as twinkling from an orbiting satellite a million miles away, were found to be reflected light from ice crystals in the atmosphere. When light passes through Earth's atmosphere, photons interact with it through "scattering". If the light does not interact with the atmosphere, it is called "direct radiation" and is what you see if you were to

neg: 2019–20 UEFA Europa League the allocation based on the country coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below: The following is the default access list. Changes will be made to the access list above, if any of the teams that qualify for the Europa League via their domestic competitions also qualify for the Champions League as the Champions League or Europa League title holders, or if there are fewer teams transferred from the Champions League due to changes in the Champions League access list. In any case where a spot in the Europa League is vacated, cup winners

neg: 2011–12 UEFA Europa League League through domestic performance, the title holder spot reserved for them in the group stage was vacated. As a result, the following changes to the default allocation system were made to compensate for the vacant title holder spot in the group stage: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualifies for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualifies for the Europa League by more than one method. When a place is vacated, it is redistributed within the national association by the following rules: The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the

neg: Satellite system (astronomy) oxygen and sulfur from the tenuous atmosphere of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io and other objects including Jupiter and Europa. A torus of oxygen and hydrogen produced by Saturn's moon, Enceladus forms part of the E ring around Saturn. Nitrogen gas transfer between Pluto and Charon has also been modelled and is expected to be observable by the New Horizons space probe. Similar tori produced by Saturn's moon Titan (nitrogen) and Neptune's moon Triton (hydrogen) is predicted. Complex magnetic interactions have been observed in satellite systems. Most notably, the interaction of Jupiter's strong magnetic field with those of Ganymede and Io.

neg: Ganymede (moon) observed over Ganymede is not spatially homogeneous like that over Europa. HST observed two bright spots located in the northern and southern hemispheres, near ± 50° latitude, which is exactly the boundary between the open and closed field lines of the Ganymedian magnetosphere (see below). The bright spots are probably polar auroras, caused by plasma precipitation along the open field lines. The existence of a neutral atmosphere implies that an ionosphere should exist, because oxygen molecules are ionized by the impacts of the energetic electrons coming from the magnetosphere and by solar EUV radiation. However, the nature of the Ganymedian

neg: Ganymede (moon) diatomic) absorption features of molecular oxygen. Such an absorption can arise only if the oxygen is in a dense phase. The best candidate is molecular oxygen trapped in ice. The depth of the dimer absorption bands depends on latitude and longitude, rather than on surface albedo—they tend to decrease with increasing latitude on Ganymede, whereas O shows an opposite trend. Laboratory work has found that O would not cluster or bubble but dissolve in ice at Ganymede's relatively warm surface temperature of 100 K (−173.15 °C). A search for sodium in the atmosphere, just after such a finding on Europa,

neg: Sarah Hörst Sarah Hörst Sarah Hörst is an assistant professor of planetary sciences at Johns Hopkins University, who focuses on understanding planetary atmospheric hazes, in particular the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon, Titan. Hörst attended high school in Gainesville, Florida. Her mother is a neuroscientist and her father was a medical doctor. She received a Bachelors in Planetary Science and Literature from the California Institute of Technology. At Caltech she worked with Michael Brown (physicist) studying Europa and Titan using the Celestron telescope. Whilst the telescope has been described as "amateur", Hörst managed to image Titan and calculate the lightcurve. She was on

neg: Amerigo Vespucci view. The book accompanying the map stated: "I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerige, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women". It is possible that Vespucci was not aware that Waldseemüller had named the continent after him. The two disputed letters claim that Vespucci made four voyages to America, while at most two can be verified from other sources. At the moment, there is a dispute between

neg: Redemption Cairn rising above the atmosphere. The most widespread Europan species is the bladder bird, which carries its own air supply with it in an air sac, allowing it to cross over the airless peaks. Jack Sands, the story's narrator, is a spaceship pilot down on his luck. In September 2111y, he is about to be evicted from a flophouse when he is recruited by his old friend Captain Harris Henshaw to co-pilot an expedition to Europa. Sands is one of only two survivors of a previous visit to the Jovian moon. The other was his drug-addled co-pilot Kratska, who crashed the

neg: Gliese 1214 b atmosphere, a mini-Neptune, or an ocean planet. If it is a waterworld, it could possibly be thought of as a bigger and hotter version of Jupiter's Galilean moon Europa. While no scientist has stated to believe GJ 1214 b is an ocean planet, if GJ 1214 b is assumed to be an ocean planet, i.e. the interior is assumed to be composed primarily of a water core surrounded by more water, proportions of the total mass consistent with the mass and radius are about 25% rock and 75% water, covered by a thick envelope of gases such as hydrogen and

neg: Euro-Mir Euro-Mir Euro-Mir is a spinning roller coaster located at Europa-Park in Rust, Germany. Unlike most spinning coasters, however, the cars do not spin freely, but are rotated by motors at set points during the ride. It was designed by Franz Mack and opened in 1997. The experience is modeled on the Soviet/Russian space station Mir. It consists of five cylindrical towers, with the ride simulating a trip into space and re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. The largest tower, which contains the helical lift hill, is a dodecagon, across and high while the maximum drop of the ride is . The

neg: Glass Pavilion of its fulfillment in glass—the most ineffable, most elementary, most flexible and most changeable of materials, richest in meaning and inspiration, fusing with the world like no other. This least fixed of materials transforms itself with every change of atmosphere. It is infinitely rich in elations, mirroring what is above, below, and what is below, above. It is animated, full of spirit and alive ... It is an example of a transcendent passion to build, functionless, free, satisfying no practical demands—and yet a functional building, soulful, awakening spiritual inspirations—an ethical functional building" -Behne This building was made into an installation,

neg: Oteros de Boedo the busy city life for a few days of relaxation surrounded by a totally relaxed atmosphere where you can enjoy the beautiful landscapes of the fields. The town is in a prime location as it is right between various attractions of the province. To the north, about 60 kilometers, we find the Natural Park of Fuentes Carrionas and Fuente Cobre-Montaña Palentina. Then immediately close to the Cantabrian border, the first peaks indicate the start of the called Picos de Europa National Park. In these same peaks, it is the ski resort of Alto Campoo. Also in the north, about 25

neg: New Horizons is to understand the formation of the Plutonian system, the Kuiper belt, and the transformation of the early Solar System. The spacecraft collected data on the atmospheres, surfaces, interiors, and environments of Pluto and its moons. It will also study other objects in the Kuiper belt. "By way of comparison, "New Horizons" gathered 5,000 times as much data at Pluto as Mariner did at the Red Planet." Some of the questions the mission attempts to answer are: What is Pluto's atmosphere made of and how does it behave? What does its surface look like? Are there large geological structures? How

neg: Exploration of Io (ESA) made plans to return to the Jupiter system and Io. In 2009, NASA approved a plan to send an orbiter to Europa called the "Jupiter Europa Orbiter" as part of a joint program with ESA called the Europa/Jupiter System Mission. The ESA component of the project was the "Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter". However, the EJSM mission collaboration was cancelled. ESA is continuing with its initiative under the name Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) to explore Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto, without plans to investigate Io at all. The proposed NASA Discovery mission "Io Volcano Observer", currently going through a competitive process

neg: 2009–10 UEFA Europa League or replace the title holders' group stage place with that of the top-ranked association's cup winner and move teams from lower rounds appropriately, as the regulations are unclear on this matter. The former set-up was confirmed by UEFA's official list of participants, published on 16 June 2009. As a result, the following changes to the default allocation system were made to compensate for the vacant title holder spot in the group stage: A Europa League place is vacated when a team qualify for both the Champions League and the Europa League, or qualify for the Europa League by more than

neg: Anthem of Europe Peter Roland of the Europa Academy in Vienna presented new, Latin lyrics to European Commission President Romano Prodi, although it has yet to be made official. <poem lang="la" style="float:left;">Est Europa nunc unita Et unita maneat Una in diversitate Pacem mundi augeat. Semper regnant in Europa Fides et iustitia Et libertas populorum In majore patria. Cives, floreat Europa Opus magnum vocat vos Stellae signa sunt in caelo Aureae, quae iungant nos.</poem> <poem style="margin-left:2em; float:left;">Europe is united now United it may remain Our unity in diversity May contribute to world peace. May there forever reign in Europe Faith and justice And freedom

neg: International SeaKeepers Society to the surface, recording salinity, temperature, current velocity, and pressure/depth profiles. Data is sent directly to the Argo database and is made publicly available at www.argo.ucsd.edu. Having this type of data is vital to studying heat transport, ocean-atmosphere relationships, and climate variability. The lifespan of these floats is 5 years or more. SeaKeepers outreach events have focused around marine wildlife, drifter deployments, plastic pollution, sustainability practices and more. SeaKeepers staff works closely with the yacht owner to determine what type of outreach and with what group will be most appropriate. Youth Making Ripples Outreach Program: In April, 2015 The International

neg: Drawbridge in Nieuw-Amsterdam 148 watercolors made by Van Gogh, who said of working in that medium in 1881: What a splendid thing watercolour is to express atmosphere and distance,<br> so that the figure is surrounded by air and can breathe in it, as it were. Five years after having made this work, van Gogh made "Langlois Bridge at Arles" in France which captures a lighter mood. Drawbridge in Nieuw-Amsterdam Drawbridge in Nieuw-Amsterdam is a watercolor created in November 1883 by Vincent van Gogh in Drente, The Netherlands. Van Gogh wrote to his brother, Theo, of the view outside his room in Nieuw-Amsterdam, Drenthe:

neg: Hörschhausen Eifel Railway) network through the neighbouring village of Utzerath. In 1920, the bakehouse was built on what is now Mühlenweg (street). In 1939, an old relic from a bygone age, the tithe barn, burnt down. Ten years later, in 1949, the volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1952, the water supply was ensured. In 1988, a new parish hall was built. In 1989, Hörschhausen became the finishing place in a stage of the campaign "Eine wandernde Flagge für Europa" (“A roaming flag for Europe”). In 1996, the bakehouse was torn down. The council is made up of 6 council members,

neg: 2018–19 UEFA Europa League 13 December 2018. A total of 27 national associations are represented in the group stage. Akhisarspor, Chelsea, F91 Dudelange, Jablonec, Rangers, RB Leipzig, Sarpsborg 08, Spartak Moscow and Spartak Trnava made their debut appearances in the UEFA Europa League group stage (although Chelsea, Rangers, RB Leipzig and Spartak Moscow have already competed in the UEFA Europa League knockout phase after a third place in the UEFA Champions League group stage, while Rangers and Spartak Moscow have appeared in the UEFA Cup group stage). F91 Dudelange is the first team from Luxembourg to play in either the Champions League or Europa

neg: 2012–13 UEFA Europa League of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League are given an additional entry as title holders if they do not qualify for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League or Europa League through their domestic performance. However, this additional entry is not necessary for this season since the title holders qualified for European competitions through their domestic performance. For the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2011 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2006–07 to 2010–11. Due to the following reasons, changes to the default allocation system had to be made:

neg: Tidal heating of Io an influx in radioactive isotopes within the second atmosphere. The constant change in the shape of Io results in a large amount of friction in the moon and the friction-induced heating drives strong volcanic activities on the surface of Io. Although there is general agreement that the cause of the heat as manifested in Io's many volcanoes is tidal heating from the pull of gravity from Jupiter and its moon Europa, the volcanoes are not in the positions predicted with tidal heating. They are shifted 30 to 60 degrees to the East. A study published in 2015, explains the eastern