query: who executed the site of mohenjo daro in sindhi

pos: Mohenjo-daro in 1925–26. In the 1930s, major excavations were conducted at the site under the leadership of Marshall, D. K. Dikshitar and Ernest Mackay. Further excavations were carried out in 1945 by Mortimer Wheeler and his trainee, Ahmad Hasan Dani. The last major series of excavations were conducted in 1964 and 1965 by Dr. George F. Dales. After 1965 excavations were banned due to weathering damage to the exposed structures, and the only projects allowed at the site since have been salvage excavations, surface surveys, and conservation projects. However, in the 1980s, German and Italian survey groups led by Dr. Michael

pos: Mohenjo-daro and Rakhigarhi. Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned. The ruins of the city remained undocumented for around 3,700 years until R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, visited the site in 1919–20, identifying the Buddhist stupa (150–500 CE) known to be there and finding a flint scraper which convinced him of the site's antiquity. This led to large-scale excavations of Mohenjo-daro led by Kashinath Narayan Dikshit in 1924–25, and John Marshall

pos: Mohenjo-daro National Museum of India in Delhi and the National Museum of Pakistan in Karachi. In 1939, a representative collection of artefacts excavated at the site was transferred to the British Museum by the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India. A bronze statuette dubbed the "Dancing Girl", high and about 4,500 years old, was found in 'HR area' of Mohenjo-daro in 1926. In 1973, British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler described the item as his favorite statuette:"She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on.

pos: Indus Valley Civilisation discovered in 1912 by John Faithfull Fleet, prompting an archaeological campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall. Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats began excavating Harappa in 1921, finding buildings and artefacts indicative of an ancient civilisation. These were soon complemented by discoveries at Mohenjo-daro by Rakhal Das Banerjee, Ernest J.H. Mackay, and Marshall. By 1931, much of Mohenjo-daro had been excavated, but excavations continued, such as that led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, director of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1944. Among other archaeologists who worked on IVC sites before the independence in 1947 were Ahmad

pos: Dancing Girl (sculpture) and ownership is disputed by Pakistan. A bronze statuette "DANCING GIRL" is high and about 5,000 years old. It was found in the "HR area" of Mohenjo-daro in 1926 by Ernest Mackay. Although it is in a standing position, it was named ""Dancing Girl"" with an assumption of her profession. This is one of two bronze art works found at Mohenjo-daro that show more flexible features when compared to other more formal poses. The girl is naked, wears a number of bangles and a necklace and is shown in a natural standing position with one hand on her hip. She

pos: History of art slender-limbed dancing girl in Mohenjo-daro: Seals have been found at Mohenjo-daro depicting a figure standing on its head, and another sitting cross-legged in what some call a yoga-like pose (see image, the so-called "Pashupati", below). This figure, sometimes known as a Pashupati, has been variously identified. Sir John Marshall identified a resemblance to the Hindu god, Shiva. If this can be validated, it would be evidence that some aspects of Hinduism predate the earliest texts, the Veda. Greek and Etruscan artists built on the artistic foundations of Egypt, further developing the arts of sculpture, painting, architecture, and ceramics. Greek art

pos: Mohenjo-daro A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world." John Marshall, another archeologist at Mohenjo-daro, described the figure as "a young girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet." The archaeologist Gregory Possehl said of the statuette, "We may not be certain that she was a dancer, but she was good at what she did and she knew it". The statue led to two important discoveries about the civilization:

pos: Indian art the bronze "Dancing Girl" of Mohenjo-Daro, which shows remarkably advanced modelling of the human figure for this early date. Seals have been found at Mohenjo-Daro depicting a figure standing on its head, and another sitting cross-legged in what some call a yoga-like pose. This figure, sometimes known as a "Pashupati", has been variously identified. Sir John Marshall identified a resemblance to the Hindu god, Shiva. After the end of the Indus Valley Civilization, there is a surprising absence of art of any great degree of sophistication until the Buddhist era. It is thought that this partly reflects the use of

pos: Mohenjo-daro drains that lined the major streets. Some houses, presumably those of more prestigious inhabitants, include rooms that appear to have been set aside for bathing, and one building had an underground furnace (known as a hypocaust), possibly for heated bathing. Most houses had inner courtyards, with doors that opened onto side-lanes. Some buildings had two stories. In 1950, Sir Mortimer Wheeler identified one large building in Mohenjo-daro as a "Great Granary". Certain wall-divisions in its massive wooden superstructure appeared to be grain storage-bays, complete with air-ducts to dry the grain. According to Wheeler, carts would have brought grain from the

pos: Ernest J. H. Mackay During the First World War Mackay served as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Egypt and Palestine with the Imperial Camel Corps, in 1919 he was a member of an Army Commission for the survey of ancient monuments in Palestine and Syria. From 1919 to 1922 he was Custodian of Antiquities for the Palestine government. Ernest Mackay is well known for his excavations at Mohenjo-daro which was at its peak between 2500 BC and 1900 BC. He did major excavations at this site from 1926 to 1931 and published detailed site report during 1936-37, which was published

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) from that ancient civilization, is today known only by the name — which translates as "Mound of the Dead" in English — ascribed by the Sindhi locals to the site when its ruins were discovered in 1922. "Mohenjo Daro" is not only the official name associated with that ancient city by the United Nations (as a World Heritage site since 1980), but also the only name associated with it by archaeologists and historians around the world, as well as the general public. Thus, regardless of the literal translation of the words, "Mohenjo Daro" was the only possible title for an

neg: Lothal Many sites were discovered across northwestern India. Between 1954 and 1958, more than 50 sites were excavated in the Kutch (notably Dholavira), and Saurashtra peninsulas, extending the limits of Harappan civilisation by to the river Kim, where the Bhagatrav site accesses the valley of the rivers Narmada and Tapti. Lothal stands from Mohenjo-daro, which is in Sindh. S.R.Rao lead the excavation.The meaning of Lothal (a combination of "Loth" and "(s) thal") in Gujarati to be "the mound of the dead" is not unusual, as the name of the city of Mohenjo-daro in Sindhi means the same. People in villages neighbouring

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) Mohenjo Daro (film) Mohenjo Daro is a 2016 Indian action-adventure film written and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. It is produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur for UTV Motion Pictures and Sunita Gowariker for Ashutosh Gowariker Productions (AGPPL), and features Hrithik Roshan and Pooja Hegde in the lead roles. It is a cinematic presentation based on the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and its city Mohenjo-daro, a UNESCO World Heritage site, located in Sindh, Pakistan. Set in 2016 BC at the height of Indus Valley Civilization, the story follows a farmer Sarman (Hrithik Roshan) who travels to the city of Mohenjo Daro and

neg: Mohenjo-daro both national and international historians and educators. Mohenjo-daro Mohenjo-daro (; ", "meaning 'Mound of the Dead Men'; ) is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and one of the world's earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Norte Chico. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and the site was not rediscovered until the 1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the

neg: Mohenjo-daro Mohenjo-daro Mohenjo-daro (; ", "meaning 'Mound of the Dead Men'; ) is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and one of the world's earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Norte Chico. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and the site was not rediscovered until the 1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World

neg: Mohenjo-daro Heritage site in 1980. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration. The city's original name is unknown. Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been "Kukkutarma" ("the city ["-rma"] of the cockerel ["kukkuta"]"). Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city, with domesticated chickens bred there for sacred purposes, rather than as a food source. Mohenjo-daro may also have been a point of diffusion for the eventual worldwide domestication of chickens. Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, has been variously interpreted as

neg: Mohenjo-daro Jansen and Dr. Maurizio Tosi used less invasive archeological techniques, such as architectural documentation, surface surveys, and localized probing, to gather further information about Mohenjo-daro. A dry core drilling conducted in 2015 by Pakistan's National Fund for Mohenjo-daro revealed that the site is larger than the unearthed area. Mohenjo-daro has a planned layout with rectilinear buildings arranged on a grid plan. Most were built of fired and mortared brick; some incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden superstructures. The covered area of Mohenjo-daro is estimated at 300 hectares. The "Oxford Handbook of Cities in World History" offers a "weak" estimate of a

neg: Mohenjo-daro "Mound of the Dead Men" in Sindhi, and as "Mound of Mohan" (where Mohan is Krishna). Mohenjo-daro is located west of the Indus River in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan, in a central position between the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River. It is situated on a Pleistocene ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the Indus River Valley, around from the town of Larkana. The ridge was prominent during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization, allowing the city to stand above the surrounding flood, but subsequent flooding has since buried most of the ridge in silt deposits.

neg: Tourism in Pakistan known for its religious heritage and rapid-urbanisation. The province is home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation. Mohenjo-daro near the city of Larkana was one of the largest city-settlements in South Asia and is an official UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Chaukhandi tombs are another example of ancient Sindhi and Balochi heritage located near the town of Landi. Another ancient city, Aror, located near the city of Sukkur is also a tourist spot known for its ruins. Kahu-Jo-Darro is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site near Mirpurkhas were a Buddhist stupa was excavated. The first arrival of Islam in the South

neg: R. D. Banerji and the standard works on the iconography of Indian art, in particular Gupta sculpture and architecture. His best known work was "Eastern Indian Medieval School of Sculpture," published posthumously in 1933. Bandyopadhyay is popular for unearthing pre-Buddhist artefacts at the ruins at Mohenjo-Daro; for noting similarities between the site at Mohenjo-Daro and Harrappa. Those discoveries lead to excavations at the two sites that established the existence of the then-unknown Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation. His interpretations of this civilisation were published in a number of articles and books: "An Indian City Five Thousand Years Ago" ; "Mohenjo-Daro" (in Bangla, Basumati,

neg: Mohenjo-daro The Indus still flows east of the site, but the Ghaggar-Hakra riverbed on the western side is now dry. Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3,000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira

neg: History of measurement systems in India used in the planning of towns such as Lothal, Surkotada, Kalibangan, Dolavira, Harappa, and Mohenjo-daro. The weights and measures of the Indus civilisation also reached Persia and Central Asia, where they were further modified. Shigeo Iwata describes the excavated weights unearthed from the Indus civilisation: Rulers made from Ivory were in use by the Indus Valley Civilisation prior to 1500 BCE. Excavations at Lothal (2400 BCE) have yielded one such ruler calibrated to about . Ian Whitelaw (2007)—on the subject of a ruler excavated from the Mohenjo-daro site—writes that: 'the Mohenjo-Daro ruler is divided into units corresponding to 1.32 inches

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) the same site with a single "unicorn" and five featureless lobes', the "unicorn" being one of the 'most frequently represented' animals portrayed among the 'over 1200 of them [seals] [which] have been found at Mohenjo-daro alone'. The filmmaker has chosen to identify the "unicorn" with his central character. The broadest artistic license required in bringing the Indus Valley civilization to cinema, inevitably, would be costuming. Because although "undisputed traces of cotton cloth have survived at Mohenjo-Daro" and the Indus culture is believed by archaeologists to have pioneered the cultivation of cotton for clothmaking in the ancient world, no actual samples

neg: Mohenjo-daro Pakistani government and international organizations stopped. Site conservation work resumed in April 1997, using funds made available by the UNESCO. The 20-year funding plan provided $10 million to protect the site and standing structures from flooding. In 2011, responsibility for the preservation of the site was transferred to the government of Sindh. Currently the site is threatened by groundwater salinity and improper restoration. Many walls have already collapsed, while others are crumbling from the ground up. In 2012, Pakistani archaeologists warned that, without improved conservation measures, the site could disappear by 2030. The Mohenjo-daro site was further threatened in January

neg: Sobho Gianchandani Sobho Gianchandani Sobho Gianchandani (3 May 1920 – 8 December 2014) was a Pakistani Sindhi social scientist, and revolutionary writer. Gianchandani was born in Bindi (some sources call it Bandi), a small village near the archaeological site of Mohenjo-daro. He attended NJV High School, DJ College, and SC Shahani Law College. He was the first non-Muslim and non-Urdu recipient of the Pakistan's top literary Kamal-e-Fun Award (for 2004), which is given every year to an eminent writer in recognition of his lifelong achievements in the field of literature. He was also a member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Gianchandani

neg: Sobho Gianchandani died on 8 December 2014 at the age of 94. Sobho Gianchandani Sobho Gianchandani (3 May 1920 – 8 December 2014) was a Pakistani Sindhi social scientist, and revolutionary writer. Gianchandani was born in Bindi (some sources call it Bandi), a small village near the archaeological site of Mohenjo-daro. He attended NJV High School, DJ College, and SC Shahani Law College. He was the first non-Muslim and non-Urdu recipient of the Pakistan's top literary Kamal-e-Fun Award (for 2004), which is given every year to an eminent writer in recognition of his lifelong achievements in the field of literature. He was

neg: Lakhan-Jo-Daro Lakhan-Jo-Daro Lakhan-jo-daro is an archeological site dating to the Indus Valley Civilization that is located within an industrial zone on the outskirts of Sukkur, Pakistan. The site, which is located in Sukkur District (around 100 km away from the Mohenjo-daro site) on the right bank of Indus River, was excavated recently. During 2006, aracheologists and students of Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU) did excavations in this site. Excavations were also undertaken by Prof. Muhammad Mukhtiar Kazi of University of Sindh during 1996 and 2000. Lakhueen-jo-daro is located near Sukkur. Material cultural finds of this site indicate that it belongs to

neg: Lakhan-Jo-Daro the Mature Harappan period. It covers a large area in the form of few mounds. Lakhan-Jo-Daro Lakhan-jo-daro is an archeological site dating to the Indus Valley Civilization that is located within an industrial zone on the outskirts of Sukkur, Pakistan. The site, which is located in Sukkur District (around 100 km away from the Mohenjo-daro site) on the right bank of Indus River, was excavated recently. During 2006, aracheologists and students of Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU) did excavations in this site. Excavations were also undertaken by Prof. Muhammad Mukhtiar Kazi of University of Sindh during 1996 and 2000. Lakhueen-jo-daro

neg: Sindh Day on December 6, 2009, to preserve the historical culture of Sindh by wearing Ajrak and Sindhi topi. Tourist sites include the ruins of Mohenjo-daro near the city of Larkana, Runi Kot, Kot Deji, the Jain temples of Nangar Parker and the historic temple of Sadhu Bela, Sukkur. Islamic architecture is quite prominent in the province; its numerous mausoleums include the ancient Shahbaz Qalander mausoleum. Sindh Sindh (; ; ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country. Historically home to the Sindhi people, it is also locally known as "Mehran". Sindh is the

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) instead would shift focus on releasing Disney films produced in the United States. Even before the film's theatrical release to the public, "Mohenjo Daro" had been honoured by selection as the Closing Film of the 69th Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland. Thus on 13 August 2016, "Mohenjo Daro" was screened at the Piazza Grande, immediately before Locarno's award ceremony. "Mohenjo Daro" was screened at the 45th Annual Conference on South Asia in Madison, Wisconsin (United States) on 23 October 2016. A special screening of the film was also arranged for the officials of the Information and Broadcasting Ministry in

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) "Jodhaa Akbar" in 2008, was confirmed to play the male lead role again for "Mohenjo Daro". He reportedly demanded . Said the director, "I wouldn't have made the film, without Hrithik." "[T]his is a different world, and I thought only Hrithik would blend in perfectly." Telugu and Tamil cinema actress Pooja Hegde was signed as the female lead, and makes her Hindi film debut with "Mohenjo Daro". "While scripting the film, I was thinking that I needed someone with innocence and someone who did not have stardom baggage [to be received by the audience only as this character]. I thus

neg: Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro The Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Great Bath was built in the 3rd millennium BC, soon after the raising of the "citadel" mound on which it is located. The Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world". It measures 11.88 × 7.01 metres, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 metres. Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) office gross, the film also earned from satellite rights (45 crore) and music rights (15 crore). The film has a lifetime net of 53.66 crore. "Mohenjo Daro" grossed US $3.9 million in first 10 days in overseas. The film grossed $991,239 in North America. Mohenjo Daro (film) Mohenjo Daro is a 2016 Indian action-adventure film written and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. It is produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur for UTV Motion Pictures and Sunita Gowariker for Ashutosh Gowariker Productions (AGPPL), and features Hrithik Roshan and Pooja Hegde in the lead roles. It is a cinematic presentation based on the ancient

neg: Mohenjo-daro hall of some kind, and the so-called "College Hall", a complex of buildings comprising 78 rooms, thought to have been a priestly residence. Mohenjo-daro had no series of city walls, but was fortified with guard towers to the west of the main settlement, and defensive fortifications to the south. Considering these fortifications and the structure of other major Indus valley cities like Harappa, it is postulated that Mohenjo-daro was an administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other Indus Valley sites. It is obvious from the identical city

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) the two giant barbarian fighters who are more than 7 feet tall, in order to make the sequence thrilling and visually appealing when presented to the audience opposite his 6-foot-tall hero. To populate his recreation of the ancient city, for "Mohenjo Daro" director Ashutosh Gowariker naturally required a huge number of non-actors as extras. With the full cooperation of the Bhuj panchayat or community council, the filmmakers hosted full-fledged auditions for all the local residents. Many of those seen on-screen in cityscapes and group scenes throughout "Mohenjo Daro" are in their real life local citizens of Bhuj. Construction of the

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) who were the people, how did they live?" Several other film projects later, Gowariker announced the film "Mohenjo Daro" officially in February 2014 with A. R. Rahman composing the film score. On taking up the project, in an interview, Gowariker stated that there was meagre and superficial information available about the people in that civilisation, particularly about their lifestyle, food and feelings. The lack of information about the period troubled Gowariker and he decided that whenever he would get a story to tell, it will be depicted circa 2500 BC at Mohenjo-daro which, despite being the largest city yet discovered

neg: Ganweriwal plus seven signs of the Indus script. It is equidistant from Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, situated in between these two ancient cities. In this aspect, the excavation may provide more information about this ancient civilisation. Ganweriwal Ganweriwala ( ) is an Indus Valley Civilization site in Punjab, Pakistan. Ganweriwala is situated near the Indian border on the dry river bed of the Ghaggar-Hakra , now a part of vast desert. It is spread over 80 hectares and comparable in size with the largest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as Mohenjo-daro. But it is not excavated and only identified and

neg: Kanmer bead-making goods — 150 stone beads and roughouts, 160 drill bits, 433 faience beads and 20,000 steaite beads — were found here, indicating the site's importance as an industrial unit. Agate quarries were also located at a distance of from the site. The figures appearing on clay seals and their similarity with those of Mohenjo-daro indicate Kanmer's association with bigger trade centres like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. KHARAKWAL, J.S., Y.S. RAWAT & T. OSADA.(2008) Preliminary observations on the excavation at Kanmer, Kachchh, India, in T. Osada & A. Uesugi (ed.) Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human past (Research Institute for Humanity and

neg: Lothal of a major river system on the trade route of the ancient peoples from Sindh to Saurashtra in Gujarat. Lothal provides with the largest collection of antiquities in the archaeology of modern India. It is essentially a single culture site—the Harappan culture in all its variances is evidenced. An indigenous micaceous Red Ware culture also existed, which is believed to be autochthonous and pre-Harappan. Two sub-periods of Harappan culture are distinguished: the same period (between 2400 and 1900 BCE) is identical to the exuberant culture of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. After the core of the Indus civilisation had decayed in Mohenjo-daro

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) the priest. Moonja kills the priest but Sarman saves Chaani and kills Moonja. Chaani exposes Maham's plan to use the gold from the Sindhu to enrich himself and to smuggle in weapons from the Sumerians. All the chiefs now stand against Maham. The people elect Sarman as the new chief but Sarman suggests Mohenjo Daro needs a people's government, not a chief. Sarman realizes that the dam will burst and the Sindhu River will flood the city. He rallies the people to lash boats together and form a floating bridge. They evacuate Mohenjo Daro and cross to the other side

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) the entire fine received (approx. $2,246) to the Naam Foundation, a charity to benefit Maharashtra's drought-hit farmers. India's mandatory Central Board of Film Certification cleared "Mohenjo Daro" for release without any cuts, awarding it a "U/A" certificate. The music for the film were composed by A. R. Rahman while the lyrics were penned by Javed Akhtar. The music rights were acquired by T-Series. The full music album of the film was released on 6 July 2016. "Mohenjo Daro" released in 2600-2700 screens in India. Disney India announced in September 2016, that the company would end production of Bollywood films and

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) home on crutches and doctor-ordered bed rest for two whole months before primary photography could resume in late March. On April 4, 2016, the crew filmed the climax of the film at China Creek in Thane. Principal photography of "Mohenjo Daro" finally wrapped on April 8, 2016. Post production of "Mohenjo Daro" was supervised by director Ashutosh Gowariker in conjunction with editor Sandeep Francis. Sound re-recording was performed at Futureworks by Justin Jose K. according to the sound design by Parikshit Lalwani and Kunal Mehta. Digital intermediate was done by Prime Focus, colorist Makarand Surte. Visual effects were completed by

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) primary outdoor sets to be used in recreating the ancient city duly commenced in Bhuj, Gujarat, near where director Ashutosh Gowariker had shot his early film, "Lagaan" (2001). As AGPPL producer Sunita Gowariker recounts their initial dialogue when Ashutosh Gowariker decided "Mohenjo Daro" as his next project, her immediate response was that the city does not exist any more, how would they shoot the film. To which Ashutosh responded: "We put up the whole city!" The film sets ultimately built to recreate the ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro spanned more than 25 acres. Painstaking effort was made to ensure precise accuracy

neg: Sindh Johi, the metal vessels of Shikarpur, the ralli quilt, embroidery and leather articles of Tharparkar, and the lacquered work of Kandhkot. Prehistoric finds from archaeological sites like Mohenjo-daro, engravings in graveyards, and the architectural designs of Makli and other tombs have provided ample evidence of the people's literary and musical traditions. Painting and calligraphy have developed in recent times. Some young trained men have taken up commercial art. Sindh has a rich heritage of traditional handicraft that has evolved over the centuries. Perhaps the most professed exposition of Sindhi culture is in the handicrafts of Hala, a town some 30

neg: Ajrak Ajrak Ajrak () is a unique form of blockprinted shawls and tiles found in Sindh, Pakistan. These shawls display special designs and patterns made using block printing by stamps. Over the years, ajraks have become a symbol of the Sindhi culture and traditions. Early human settlements in the lower Indus Valley found a way of cultivating and using "Gossypium arboreum" commonly known as "tree cotton" to make clothes. These civilizations are thought to have mastered the art of making cotton fabrics. A bust of a priest-king excavated at Mohenjo-daro, currently in the National Museum of Pakistan, shows one shoulder draped

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) in 2016 B.C. with Sarman, a young man from the village of Amri, who lost his parents at a young age. Sarman kills a crocodile that has been terrorizing his village's fishermen and is hailed as a hero. He asks his uncle, Durjan, to allow him to go to Mohenjo Daro to trade their family's goods, but his uncle refuses. Sarman attempts to sneak away to the city at night with his friend Hojo, but is caught by Durjan, who relents and allows both friends to go. He gives Sarman a seal that contains an inscription of a unicorn that

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) Indus Valley Civilization. After much reading of published archaeological reports on his own, he brought in the American archaeologist Jonathan Mark Kenoyer of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, considered one of the world's leading experts on the ancient Indus Valley civilization, who has worked at the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro over 35 years. He brought together Kenoyer to round-table with five other expert archaeologists who have also been working on this topic since many years — P. Ajit Prasad, V. N. Prabakhar, K. Krishnan, Vasant Shinde, and R. S. Bisht, who are all from the Archaeological Survey of India, Maharaja Sayajirao University

neg: Chanhudaro from Chanhudaro, Ahar, Rajasthan (India) and Mundigak and this gains importance as it has been claimed that Iron was produced in 3rd Millennium in South Asia Region. Chanhudaro Chanhudaro (also Chanhu Daro or Chanhu Dado) is an archaeological site belonging to the post-urban Jhukar phase of Indus valley civilization. The site is located south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations has shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) written language has not yet been deciphered have proved unique. Because modern science can not yet read anything the Indus Valley peoples wrote about themselves, any aspect about their civilization has to be conjectured from what relics survive to discovery by archaeologists working at their various ruins. As "The Indian Express" pointed out, "whatever we do know about Mohenjo-daro is perhaps as much an imagination of the historian as that of a filmmaker who depicts it in visual terms." During Ashutosh Gowariker's research, he met as many as seven archaeologists who are closely involved in excavating sites and studying the

neg: Bakrani Bakrani Bakrani (Sindhi: باڪراڻي) is a town in Larkana District, Sindh province of Pakistan. This town is situated at a distance of 12 km south of Larkana city on the Larkana–Mohenjo-daro road. It has an altitude of 53 metres and is the headquarters of Bakrani Taluka. Bakrani was the taluka headquarters of Lab-e-Daryah taluka. More than 70% peoples are farming and main income source of the people of area is agriculture, Dadu canal is the main source of irrigation in the area. There are girls and boys primary and high schools in the town. There is a basic health unit

neg: Chanhudaro Chanhudaro Chanhudaro (also Chanhu Daro or Chanhu Dado) is an archaeological site belonging to the post-urban Jhukar phase of Indus valley civilization. The site is located south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations has shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately 5 hectares in size. Chanhudaro was first excavated by N. G. Majumdar in March, 1930 and again during winter field session of 1935-36 by the American School

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) starve to death. Sarman gains access to the upper city by showing his uncle's amulet and falls in love with Chaani, daughter of the head priest of Mohenjo Daro. Upon meeting, the head priest strangely appears to recognize Sarman. Chaani reveals that she has been forcibly betrothed to Moonja, Sarman's enemy, who is cruel and ruthless. Maham discovers Sarman and Chaani love each other and that Sarman is the leader of the tax revolt, and so he challenges Sarman to fight Bakar and Zokhar, his two champions. Sarman proposes that if he wins, Chaani will be released from her engagement,

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) and Maham accepts the terms. The head priest reveals to Sarman how Maham was expelled from Harappa for illegal trade with the Sumerians. Maham entered Mohenjo Daro as a trader and quickly rose to become the trade chief. Maham had discovered that the mighty Sindhu River held vast gold deposits, so he decided to place a dam on the river and divert its course to mine the gold. The wise Senate Chief Srujan, who is revealed to be Sarman's father, opposed this but Maham won the vote to build the dam. He had Srujan framed and arrested for hoarding gold.

neg: Pashupati seal linga; regarded as a lord of animals; and often depicted as having three heads. The figure has often been connected with the widespread motif of the Master of Animals found in ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean art, and the many other traditions of horned deities. The seal was uncovered in 1928-29, in Block 1, Southern Portion of the DK-G Area of Mohenjo-daro, at a depth of 3.9 meters below the surface. Ernest J. H. Mackay, who directed the excavations at Mohenjo-daro, and dated the seal to the Intermediate I Period (now considered to fall around 2350-2000 BCE) in his 1937-38

neg: Hrithik Roshan and underwent brain surgery to relieve a chronic subdural hematoma. The critic Mohar Basu noted that Roshan was "pitch perfect" and "breez[ed] through his part brilliantly." The film earned in global ticket sales, making it among the highest-grossing Indian films. For playing the role of a farmer in 2016 BC who travels to Mohenjo-daro in Ashutosh Gowariker's "Mohenjo Daro" (2016), Roshan was paid , a record-breaking remuneration for an Indian actor. He underwent a three-month training to achieve the "lithe" and "agile" physique required for his role. Despite being a highly anticipated release, it failed commercially, and critics were generally

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) in to train Roshan for his character in the film. He described the three-month training so as to allow Roshan to appear 'lithe' and 'agile' rather than muscular. Relating the natural environment required for "Mohenjo Daro", Gowariker was impressed with the calamitous VFX seen in the films "The Day After Tomorrow" and "10,000 BC" that were designed by Karen Goulekas. In September 2014, as a visual effects supervisor, Goulekas was brought on board for the film. Gowariker revisited Bhuj in December 2014 to begin production. In August 2014, Hrithik Roshan, who had starred in Ashutosh Gowariker's critically and commercially successful

neg: Chanhudaro turn contributed to the decline of Indus Civilization itself. Chanhudaro is about 12 miles east of present-day Indus river bed. Chanhu-Daro was investigated in 1931 by the Indian archaeologist N. G. Majumdar. It was observed that this ancient city was very similar to Harappa and Mohenjadaro in several aspects like town planning, building layout etc. The site was excavated in the mid-1930s by the American School of Indic and Iranian Studies and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where several important details of this ancient city was investigated. For building houses, baked bricks were used extensively at Chanhudaro and Mohenjo-daro.

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) is still a lot of speculation about the civilisation because we know so little. Scholars are still debating, trying to redevelop the era. There is a lot that is based on hypothesis. But all this is the space for scholarship. I have only made a film and at no point do I say that it is meant to be a part of academic discourse on the subject." "Mohenjo Daro" grossed worldwide in its first 10 days. The film grossed worldwide in its opening weekend. Its final worldwide gross was , including in India and overseas. In addition to its box

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) of Baroda and other institutions, all with expertise in different aspects of the same civilization." Gowariker had also personally revisited the archaeological dig at Dholavira in Gujarat. Kenoyer later visited Bhuj to inspect and approve the sets and props built by the filmmakers. The symbol ultimately selected for the film "Mohenjo Daro" recalls one of the earliest discovered artifacts from the initial archaeological excavations at the ruins of the ancient city itself: 'Another [seal] shows six animal heads — "unicorn", bison, antelope, tiger, the remaining two broken — radiating from a ring, and recalling a whorl on another seal from

neg: Arunoday Singh appeared in Ashutosh Gowariker's epic-adventure romance film "Mohenjo Daro", alongside Hrithik Roshan and Pooja Hegde. Arunoday Singh Arunoday Singh (born 17 February 1983) is an Indian film actor. His debut movie was "Sikandar" (2009). Singh has appeared in Sudhir Mishra's "Yeh Saali Zindagi" (2011), Pooja Bhatt's "Jism 2" (2012), David Dhawan's "Main Tera Hero" (2014), and Ashutosh Gowariker's "Mohenjo Daro" (2016). He was also the protagonist in the film "Buddha in a Traffic Jam" (2016), by Vivek Agnihotri, dealing with the issue of naxalism. He also starred as a supporting actor in the 2018 Abhinay Deo film "Blackmail". Arunoday was

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) Sarman often sees in his dreams, suggesting he use it only in a life or death situation. Arriving in Mohenjo Daro, Sarman learns that the city is ruled by the tyrant chief Maham and his wicked son Moonja. He also learns that the unicorn he sees in his dreams is the symbol of the city, and feels as if the city is oddly familiar to him. While Sarman is trading, Maham proposes to impose an additional tax on the farmers so that the city may grow, but Sarman leads the farmers to oppose the taxes so that their families don't

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) Chaani's father and Durjan - Sarman's uncle - were coerced by Maham to betray Srujan, and the latter was killed. Maham then took Srujan's place as the new Senate Chief. It is now up to Sarman to defeat the evil Maham and gain revenge for his father. In the arena, Sarman faces the ferocious Tajik mountain cannibals Bakar and Zokar in an arena before the city. After a vicious battle, he kills one of the cannibals but spares the other and the people of Mohenjo Daro surge even stronger behind him. Enraged, Maham urges Moonja to finish off Chaani and

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) the firm Drishyam VFX under the guidance of VFX consultant Karen Goulekas in conjunction with VFX supervisor Govardhan Vigraham. On 3 August 2016, the Bombay High Court not only rejected into allegations by Akashaditya Lama that "Mohenjo Daro" (2016) film director Ashutosh Gowariker had stolen his script, but also "... imposed exemplary and punitive costs of Rs. 150,000 against Lama for putting false allegations and harassing makers of the film. The court has also slammed Lama for giving interviews, media articles and related material put on social media to harass the director and other stars of the film." Gowariker donated

neg: Diganta Hazarika Diganta Hazarika Diganta Hazarika is an Indian actor and model. He made his Bollywood debut in the epic adventure film, Mohenjo Daro, directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. He has acted in Assamese and Hindi films. Diganta Hazarika was born on 23 September 1984 in Nagaon, Assam, India. Diganta made his acting debut in an Assamese short film, "Ki Naam Di Matim". After this he acted in Assamese feature films Grahan, Rishang and Rowd. His latest Assamese film is Anuradha, directed by Rakesh Sarma. Hazarika made his Hindi film debut in Mohenjo Daro, cast as Lothar. Before this he acted in the

neg: Diganta Hazarika Indian telenovela Everest, directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. Diganta Hazarika Diganta Hazarika is an Indian actor and model. He made his Bollywood debut in the epic adventure film, Mohenjo Daro, directed by Ashutosh Gowariker. He has acted in Assamese and Hindi films. Diganta Hazarika was born on 23 September 1984 in Nagaon, Assam, India. Diganta made his acting debut in an Assamese short film, "Ki Naam Di Matim". After this he acted in Assamese feature films Grahan, Rishang and Rowd. His latest Assamese film is Anuradha, directed by Rakesh Sarma. Hazarika made his Hindi film debut in Mohenjo Daro, cast as

neg: Mohenjo-daro long, of bronze-metal bead-like nuggets which connect each arm of the "S" in filigree. Each strand has between 220 and 230 of the many-faceted nuggets, and there are about 1,600 nuggets in total. The necklace weighs about 250 grams in total, and is presently held in a private collection in India. An initial agreement to fund restoration was agreed through the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris on 27 May 1980. Contributions were made by a number of other countries to the project: Preservation work for Mohenjo-daro was suspended in December 1996 after funding from the

neg: Stepwell originated to ensure water during periods of drought. Steps to reach the water level in artificially constructed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. Mohenjo-daro has cylindrical brick lined wells which may be the predecessors of the stepwell. The first rock-cut stepwells in India date from 200-400 AD. The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at Uperkot caves in Junagadh. These caves are dated to the 4th century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in

neg: Mortar (masonry) of either gypsum or lime. Gypsum mortar was essentially a mixture of plaster and sand and was quite soft. In the Indian subcontinent, multiple cement types have been observed in the sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as the Mohenjo-daro city-settlement that dates to earlier than 2600 BCE. Gypsum cement that was ""light grey and contained sand, clay, traces of calcium carbonate, and a high percentage of lime"" was used in the construction of wells, drains and on the exteriors of ""important looking buildings"." Bitumen mortar was also used at a lower-frequency, including in the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro.

neg: Archaeology in Pakistan Mohenjo-daro. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the best known sites from the Indus Valley civilization (c 2500 - 1900 BCE). The earliest evidence of civilization in Pakistan can be found on the west banks of the Bolan River and the plains of Kachhi at Mehrgarh. Artifacts found in a 1979 excavation by the Pakistan Archaeology department and a team of French archaeologists can be dated back to 7000 BC. They were able to divide the Mehrgarh culture into three categories: Mehrgarh Period I- 7000 to 5500 BC, was an aceramic settlement with primitive means of agriculture and livestock. They lived in

neg: Planned community which placed a high priority on hygiene. The streets of major cities in present-day Pakistan such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, the world's earliest planned cities, were laid out in a perfect grid pattern comparable to that of present-day New York City. The houses were protected from noise, odours, and thieves. As seen in the ancient sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan and western border of India, this urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems. Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. From a room that appears to have been set aside

neg: History of science bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick structure. They also tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy. They designed a ruler—the "Mohenjo-daro ruler"—whose unit of length (approximately 1.32 inches or 3.4 centimetres) was divided into ten equal parts. Bricks manufactured in ancient Mohenjo-daro often had dimensions that were integral multiples of this unit of length. Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476–550), in his "Aryabhatiya" (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra.

neg: Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation from this civilization. The Great Bath might be the first of its kind in the pre-historic period. This ancient town had more than 700 wells, and most houses in Mohenjo-Daro had at least one private well. Dholavira, located in Gujarat, India, had a series of water storing tanks and step wells, and its water management system has been called "unique". Dholavira had at least five baths, the size of one is comparable with the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro. Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation The ancient Indus Valley Civilization of South Asia, including current day Pakistan and Northwest India, was

neg: John Marshall (archaeologist) predecessor Alexander Cunningham, Marshall in 1920 initiated at dig at Harappa, with Daya Ram Sahni as director. In 1922 work began at Mohenjo-Daro. The results of these efforts, which revealed a seeming ancient culture with its own writing system, were published in the "Illustrated London News" on 20 September 1924. Scholars linked the artifacts with the ancient civilisation of Sumer in Mesopotamia. Subsequent excavation showed Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro to be sophisticated planned cities with plumbing and baths. Marshall also led excavations at the prehistoric Sohr Damb mound near Nal in Baluchistan; a small representative collection of pottery vessels from the

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) of the river. The dam collapses, and Maham, chained in the city square, is drowned. The once renowned Mohenjo Daro is no more. The survivors migrate to another river, where Sarman sees the unicorn of his dreams and names the river Ganga. Director Ashutosh Gowariker was first inspired to someday make a film set in the ancient Indus Valley civilization way back when he was in Bhuj, Gujarat, scouting locations for his then-upcoming "Lagaan" (2001), and stumbled across the massive excavations in progress at the ruins of Dholavira: "I thought, My God! This is incredible! What happened to this civilization,

neg: Kukkuta Sastra pre-Vedic Aryans and the Indus Valley and similar to the ancient religions of the Mediterraneans as determined from "findings of excavations of Mohonjodaro and Harrappa". Further understanding of the possible significance of kukkuta sastra and the kukkuta association with Mohenjo-daro may be gained from the original Dravidian name of Mohenjo-daro which seems to have been recorded in the ancient Indus script. With the understanding that "kukkuta" means rooster or cock, Dr. Iravatham Mahadevan, in a paper presented at the World Classical Tamil Conference 2010, brought forth the literal meaning of "Kukkutarma", as "the ruined city of the cock". Mahadevan also

neg: Indo-Aryan migration massacred victims. Wheeler himself also nuanced this interpretation in later publications, stating "This is a possibility, but it can't be proven, and it may not be correct." Wheeler further notes that the unburied corpses may indicate an event in the final phase of human occupation of Mohenjo-Daro, and that thereafter the place was uninhabited, but that the decay of Mohenjo-Daro has to be ascribed to structural causes such as salinisation. Nevertheless, although "no informed Western scholar speaks of 'invasions' anymore", critics of the Indo-Aryan Migration theory continue to present the theory as an "Aryan Invasion Theory", presenting it as a

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) New Delhi on 18 September 2016. Critical response was generally mixed. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 43%, based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. Metacritic, which uses a normalised rating, gives the film a score of 39 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally unfavourable reviews". "Mohenjo Daro" was criticized for historical inaccuracies, with historians and critics mentioning inaccuracies in portrayal of several elements. However, Gowariker defended his film by stating "There was nothing about the Indus Valley Civilisation in popular culture other than what was found

neg: Mohenjo-daro layouts of all Indus sites that there was some kind of political or administrative centrality, but the extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear. The city also had large platforms perhaps intended as defense against flooding. According to a theory first advanced by Wheeler, the city could have been flooded and silted over, perhaps six times, and later rebuilt in the same location. Numerous objects found in excavation include seated and standing figures, copper and stone tools, carved seals, balance-scales and weights, gold and jasper jewellery, and children's toys. Many important objects from Mohenjo-daro are conserved at the

neg: Mohenjo-daro first, that they knew metal blending, casting and other sophisticated methods of working with ore, and secondly that entertainment, especially dance, was part of the culture. In 1927, a seated male soapstone figure was found in a building with unusually ornamental brickwork and a wall-niche. Though there is no evidence that priests or monarchs ruled Mohenjo-daro, archaeologists dubbed this dignified figure a "Priest-King." The sculpture is tall, and shows a neatly bearded man with pierced earlobes and a fillet around his head, possibly all that is left of a once-elaborate hairstyle or head-dress; his hair is combed back. He wears

neg: Archaeological sites in Pakistan migrated to other areas, possibly Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the best known sites from the Indus Valley civilization (c 2500 - 1900 BCE). Pre-Soanian culture in Pakistan corresponds to Oldowan culture dating back to the Mindel glaciation. Some findings in Punjab belong to this period. Early Soanian sites correspond to the Acheulean period. Different stone artifacts have been discovered from these sites from all over Pakistan. Sites in Soan Valley and Potohar Plateau from this period include; Mehrgarh (c. 7000 BCE - 2000 BCE), from Neolithic age, in Balochistan is one of the earliest sites with evidence

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) audience to identify with the actual reference point despite the fact that the city could have not been so named in ancient times. On the film's plot, he was quoted as saying, "While the plot will follow Mohenjo-daro and the culture and the vibe of the ancient civilization, it will largely centre on a love story." It took Gowariker three years to piece together a plot of the entire civilisation through various cities and weave a love story into it. The challenges of adapting for cinema a story based on one of the greatest ancient civilisations of the world whose

neg: History of water supply and sanitation connected to wider public drains. Many of the buildings at Mohenjo-daro had two or more stories. Water from the roof and upper storey bathrooms was carried through enclosed terracotta pipes or open chutes that emptied out onto the street drains. The earliest evidence of urban sanitation was seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and the recently discovered Rakhigarhi of Indus Valley civilization. This urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems. Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. From a room that appears to have been set aside for bathing, waste water was directed to

neg: Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro pool built with waterproof bricks. Most scholars agree that this tank would have been used for special religious functions where water was used to purify and renew the well being of the bathers. Across the street of Great Bath, there was a large building with several rooms and three verandas, and two staircases leading to roof and upper floor. Considering the size and proximity to Great Bath, this building is tentatively termed as house of priests and labelled as "college of priests". It was found in 1926 during archaeological excavations. Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro The Great Bath is one of the

neg: Everest (Indian TV series) as "high on investment", and Gaurav Banerjee, the general manager of STAR Plus, said that "Everest" will be "a television show at a scale bigger than any other show". Gowariker added that their aim is "to take cinema to the home of the audiences" by giving the television audience a cinematic experience through this show. "Everest" led to a delay in the film "Mohenjo Daro", another of Gowariker's projects. Gowariker came up with the concepts at the same time, but because he was more excited about starting "Everest" he postponed "Mohenjo Daro". Gowariker later clarified this, saying: "What is most

neg: Mohenjo Daro (film) as the cinematographer but when the film was delayed, he took up other projects as he was paid on a project-to-project basis. Bose failed to join the discussions prior to filming and requested Gowariker to be allowed to join the set directly after he was done with his other commitments. A displeased Gowariker replaced Bose with C. K. Muraleedharan. The initial outdoor schedule of principal photography had been projected to begin in November 2014. However, further delay occurred when lead actor Hrithik Roshan ripped apart his shoulder during training in late October 2014. Because "Mohenjo Daro" was a physically demanding

neg: Mortimer Wheeler of archaeology, in early 1950 Wheeler ran a training excavation at Mohenjo-daro; there, he was joined by the British student Leslie Alcock, who spoke both Punjabi and Urdu and who was appointed a site supervisor by Wheeler. This excavation proved to be the only one for which Wheeler would not write and publish a full excavation report. Instead, he made reference to its findings in his book "The Indus Civilization", published as part of the series The Cambridge History of India. His relationship with the Pakistani government had become strained, and so he declined to return to work for them

neg: Mohenjo-daro 2014, when Bilawal Bhutto Zardari of the Pakistan People's Party chose the site for Sindh Festival's inauguration ceremony. This would have exposed the site to mechanical operations, including excavation and drilling. Farzand Masih, head of the Department of Archaeology at Punjab University warned that such activity was banned under the Antiquity Act, saying "You cannot even hammer a nail at an archaeological site." On 31 January 2014, a case was filed in the Sindh High Court to bar the Sindh government from continuing with the event.The festival was held by PPP at the historic site, despite all the protest by

neg: Shaheed Benazirabad District daro - similar to Mohenjo-daro. Several constructions were identified as workshops or industrial quarters and some of the buildings of Chanhu jo daro might have been warehouses. An impressive workshop, recognized as a bead making factory, was found at Chanhu jo daro which included a furnace. Shell bangles, beads of many materials, stealite seals and metal works were also manufactured here. After the 1853 invasion by General Charles Napier, Sindh was divided into provinces and assigned to Zamindars (or landlords) to collect taxes for the British. Sindh was later made part of British India's Bombay Presidency and became a separate

neg: Kot Diji Kot Diji The ancient site at Kot Diji () was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization. The occupation of this site is attested already at 3300 BCE. The remains consist of two parts; the citadel area on high ground (about 12 m), and outer area. The Pakistan Department of Archaeology excavated at Kot Diji in 1955 and 1957. Located about 24 kilometers south of Khairpur in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, it is on the east bank of the Indus opposite Mohenjo-daro. The site is situated at the foot of the Rohri Hills where a fort (Kot Diji Fort) was

neg: Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum is to Greece, Haryana should be to India."" Rakhi Garhi site with area is the largest IVC site in the world, which is about double the size than that of next largest site Mohenjo Daro, asserts Professor Dr. Vasant Shinde, Vice Chancellor of Daccan College and in-charge of Rakhi Garhi excavation. He further informed about the 6,000 years old pre-Harappan IVC site and 5,000 years old human skeletons found during the excavation, ""the scientific data collected on the basis excavations here have strongly pointed that Rakhigarhi, a metropolis, was perhaps the capital of its times about 5,000 years ago. The

neg: Pashupati seal Pashupati seal The Pashupati Seal is a steatite seal that was discovered at the Mohenjo-daro archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization. The seal depicts a seated figure that is possibly tricephalic (having three heads). It was once thought to be ithyphallic, an interpretation that is now mostly discarded. The man has a horned headdress and is surrounded by animals. He may represent a horned deity. It is purported to be one of the earliest depictions of the Hindu god Shiva ("Pashupati", meaning "lord of animals", is one of Shiva's epithets) or Rudra, who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and

neg: Ali Imam (painter) Pakistan as of 2010. He took the name 'Indus Gallery' from the Indus River in ancient India, now in Pakistan. This river had supported one of the oldest settlements in South Asia Mohenjo-Daro, a Unesco World Heritage Site. He set up the Indus Gallery to play a key role for art and artists of Pakistan. He once said in an interview,"I decided to come back to Pakistan and be helpful to those who are more gifted and more talented than me, and to create a climate of work where I could be a sort of guidance and help." His wife,

neg: Pashupati seal dress, Ŗșyaśŗnga (sage with horns) who is a contemporary of Dasarataand; and some non-aryan deities, including the unlikely Dravidian origin, sitting in yoga posture. Writing in 2002, Gregory L. Possehl concluded that while it would be appropriate to recognize the figure as a deity, its association with the water buffalo, and its posture as one of ritual discipline, regarding it as a proto-Shiva would "go too far." Pashupati seal The Pashupati Seal is a steatite seal that was discovered at the Mohenjo-daro archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization. The seal depicts a seated figure that is possibly tricephalic (having

neg: Amri, Sindh being replaced by the Amri culture, there was a co-existence of both cultures. Amri, Sindh Amri is an ancient settlement in Dadu district Sindh province of Pakistan that goes back to 3600 BC. The site is located south of Mohenjo Daro on Hyderabad-Dadu Road more than 100 kilometres north of Hyderabad, Pakistan. This site had multi-level structures, although it was never a big city. Amri culture is named after the site. Situated near the foothills of Kirthar Mountains, this was an important earlier urban center in Lower Sindh. Amri is close to Balochistan where development of earlier farming communities from

neg: Amri, Sindh Amri, Sindh Amri is an ancient settlement in Dadu district Sindh province of Pakistan that goes back to 3600 BC. The site is located south of Mohenjo Daro on Hyderabad-Dadu Road more than 100 kilometres north of Hyderabad, Pakistan. This site had multi-level structures, although it was never a big city. Amri culture is named after the site. Situated near the foothills of Kirthar Mountains, this was an important earlier urban center in Lower Sindh. Amri is close to Balochistan where development of earlier farming communities from 6000 BC to 4000 BC ultimately led to urbanization. The ancient mounds of

neg: Shaheed Benazirabad District Keerio, Taluka Sakrand. This archaeological site belonging to the post-urban Jhukar phase of Indus valley civilization. The site is located 130 km (81 mi) south of Mohenjo-daro near the village of Jamal Keryo 2 km from Rohri canal and 10 km south of Nawabshah. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a center for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations have shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately 5 hectares in size. This is one of most important and bigger sites of Indus

neg: Ganweriwal Ganweriwal Ganweriwala ( ) is an Indus Valley Civilization site in Punjab, Pakistan. Ganweriwala is situated near the Indian border on the dry river bed of the Ghaggar-Hakra , now a part of vast desert. It is spread over 80 hectares and comparable in size with the largest sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as Mohenjo-daro. But it is not excavated and only identified and it may turn up as top five largest towns of Indus Valley Civilisation. Although excavation is yet to begin in this site, a stray find of a terrecotta tablet is a significant find. In

neg: Harappa 2005, a controversial amusement park scheme at the site was abandoned when builders unearthed many archaeological artifacts during the early stages of building work. A plea from the Pakistani archaeologist Mohit Prem Kumar to the Ministry of Culture resulted in a restoration of the site. The Harappan Civilization has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BC. The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh. The civilization, with a possible writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in

neg: Lothal "nullah" ("ravine", or "gully") connecting the dock with the river. The findings consist of a mound, a township, a marketplace, and the dock. Adjacent to the excavated areas stands the Archaeological Museum, where some of the most prominent collections of Indus-era antiquities in India are displayed. The Lothal site has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its application is pending on the tentative list of UNESCO. When British India was partitioned in 1947, most Indus sites, including Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, became part of Pakistan. The Archaeological Survey of India undertook a new program of exploration, and excavation.

neg: Giovanni Verardi near Ghazni, in whose territory he carried out extensive surveys that led to the discovery of several groups of Buddhist rock-cut monasteries. In 1981 he joined the Italian Archaeological Mission to Nepal, of which he became director in 1988. Research work was first carried out at the site of Harigaon in Kathmandu and after at the Aśokan site of Gotihawa in the Tarai, c. 25 km west of Lumbini. In the 1980s Verardi participated in the activities of the German-Italian Mission to Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan, where he could ascertain that the so-called stūpa-cum monastery rising upon the ruins of the