query: vvpat first used in which election in india

pos: Voter-verified paper audit trail basically have no paper trail. In India, the voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, 2014. VVPAT was implemented in Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies. Voter-verified paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland. VVPAT along with EVMs was used on a large-scale for the first time in India, in 10 assembly seats out of 40 in Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, 2013. VVPAT -fitted EVMs

pos: Electronic voting and demands from various political parties,Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system. The VVPAT system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, 2014. Electronic voting had been used in 2018 People's Justice Party leadership election, which is the party election for the country's largest party. It had suffer many technical problems and many polls had been postponed due to the poor system. 1964 The Norden-Coleman optical scan voting system, the first such system to see actual use, was adopted for use in Orange County, California.

neg: Electronic voting in India in size but with more computing power. The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project. VVPAT is implemented in Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies. Voter-verified paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland. On 8 October 2013, Supreme Court of India delivered its verdict on Subramanian Swamy's PIL, that Election Commission of India will use VVPAT

neg: Elections in India amber coloured plastic or brown coloured glass bottles. On application, the ink remains on the fingernail for at least two days. It may last up to a month depending upon the person's body temperature and the environment. BHAVIK (EVM) were first used in the 1999 election and became the only method of voting in 2004. The EVMs save time and report results. A voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) was introduced on 14 August 2013. The first election to implement the VVPAT was a by-election in the Noksen assembly constituency in Nagaland. In the 2014 general election, VVPAT was operational in

neg: Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015 BJP with 53 seats. In terms of vote share, BJP came first with 24.4%, followed by RJD with 18.4% and JD (U) with 16.8% and Congress got 6.7%. Election Commission of India announced that around 1,000 Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines will be used along with EVM in 36 out of the 243 assembly seats in Bihar elections, spread over 34 districts. ECIL manufactured VVPATs will be used in 10 assembly constituencies, while BEL manufactured VVPAT will be used in 26 assembly constituencies. The election information was webcast for the first time and voters can locate their polling booth

neg: 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election The Goa Legislative Assembly election, 2017 was held on February 4, 2017 to elect the 40 members of the Goa Legislative Assembly, as the term of current Legislative Assembly ends on March 18, 2017. VVPAT-fitted EVMs was used in entire Goa state in the 2017 elections, which was the first time that an entire state in India saw the implementation of VVPAT. The term of the Legislative Assembly ended on March 18, 2017. The last election had resulted in a 21-seat majority to the Bharatiya Janata Party led by Manohar Parrikar. Parrikar was elected Chief

neg: Electronic voting in India Electronic voting in India Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections. EVMs have replaced paper ballots in local, state and general (parliamentary) elections in India. There were earlier claims regarding EVMs' tamparability and security which have not been proved. After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court and demands from various political parties, Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system. The VVPAT system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election,

neg: Noksen (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Noksen (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Noksen (Assembly Constituency) is an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Nagaland. Nosken is in Tuensang district. Noksen is the first assembly seat in India, where Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was first used with EVMs in a by-poll in September 2013. In October 2013, Supreme Court of India gave a landmark judgement directing Election Commission of India to use VVPAT system for vote validation in phased manner in all subsequent elections in India. Noksen is a reserved constituency for Scheduled Tribe. H. Chuba of Indian National Congress won the Noksen seat defeating C.

neg: Electronic voting in India 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) and EVMs are now used in every assembly and general election in India. In 1980, M. B. Haneefa invented the first Indian voting machine, gazetted "Electronically operated vote counting machine". His original design was exhibited to the public in Government Exhibitions held in six cities across. The EVMs were commissioned in 1989 by Election Commission of India in collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited. The Industrial designers of the EVMs were faculty members at the Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay.The EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election

neg: 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election Chief Minister by the party. VVPAT-fitted EVMs were used in entire Gujarat state at 50,128 polling stations in the 2017 elections, which was the first time that the entire state saw the implementation of VVPAT. VVPAT slips were counted in a polling station each of Gujarat's 182 constituencies. There were 43.3 million registered voters in Gujarat as on September 25, 2017. Other Backward Castes, excluding Muslim OBCs, comprised 40% of the total population of Gujarat. 147 communities were considered to be OBCs at the time of the election. Scheduled tribes (primarily Adivasis) comprised 15.5% of the population, while scheduled castes

neg: 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election April 2016, the Election Commission of India revealed about 8 lakh bogus votes of state being cancelled in the past one year and over 7 lakh youngsters who have attained the age of 18 this year were yet to get registered. One constituency in every district will be chosen for trial run of Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines used along with EVMs. Election Commission also decided to set up new polling stations if the number of voters was more than 1200 in rural areas and 1400 in urban areas. 33 constituencies of all district headquarters in Punjab had VVPAT

neg: Noksen (Vidhan Sabha constituency) by-poll. C M Chang won the by-election by a margin of 2,863 votes. Chang has to vacate his assembly seat earlier to remain as Lok Sabha MP till the by-election is held for Noksen to avoid parliamentary by-election in Nagaland. Noksen (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Noksen (Assembly Constituency) is an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Nagaland. Nosken is in Tuensang district. Noksen is the first assembly seat in India, where Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was first used with EVMs in a by-poll in September 2013. In October 2013, Supreme Court of India gave a landmark judgement directing

neg: 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election and a chance to strip the communists, the party's "primary ideological enemy", of its stronghold. Prior to the election, a number of workers of the BJP were murdered. The BJP alleged that the murders were committed by CPI(M) members, which the party denies. The Election Commission of India announced that the Legislative Assembly elections in Tripura will be held on 18 February 2018 and the results will be announced on 3 March 2018. VVPAT-fitted EVMs was used in entire Tripura state in all polling stations in the 2018 elections, which was the first time that the entire state saw the

neg: 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election Minister. In 2014, he had to resign due to being nominated as Minister of Defence. Laxmikant Parsekar took oath as Chief Minister as Parrikar's successor. The following is the list of winning MLAs in the election. 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election The Goa Legislative Assembly election, 2017 was held on February 4, 2017 to elect the 40 members of the Goa Legislative Assembly, as the term of current Legislative Assembly ends on March 18, 2017. VVPAT-fitted EVMs was used in entire Goa state in the 2017 elections, which was the first time that an entire state in India saw the

neg: 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election 6th September 2018) before the completion of his term because of his development This Election led to the alliance of Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and Indian National Congress (INC), once arch rivals, coming together as part of Praja Kootami for the first time. Election Commission of India announced that Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines will be used in all 32,574 polling stations in the assembly elections in Telangana. According to the final electoral rolls published on 12 October 2018, Telangana has 2,80,64,680 voters, which is less than 2.82 crore in 2014 Telangana assembly elections. There were around 2,600 transgenders

neg: Electronic voting by country election. VVPAT was implemented in Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies. Voter-verified paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen in Nagaland. From the initial introduction in 1982, to the country-wide use of EVM in 2004, the Election Commission of India took long and measured steps spanning over a period of nearly two decades, in the matter of electronic voting. In the meanwhile, general elections to various legislative assemblies, and numerous by-elections and two general elections to the Lok Sabha have been conducted using EVMs

neg: Election Commission of India Commission. This Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was first used with EVMs in a by-poll in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland. and eventually in all elections from September 2013 onwards in various Legislative elections in the country.In 2014, None of the above or NOTA was also added as an option on the voting machines which is now a mandatory option to be provided in any election. The specific symbol for NOTA, a ballot paper with a black cross across it, was introduced on 18 September 2015. The symbol has been designed by National Institute of Design,

neg: Electronic voting in India majority of political parties backed the proposal to have a VVPAT in EVMs to counter the charges of tampering. The committee was tasked to examine the possibility of introduction of a paper trail so that voters can get a printout that will show symbol of the party to which the vote was cast. After studying the issue, the committee recommended introduction of VVPAT system. On 21 June 2011, Election Commission accepted Indiresan committee's recommendations and decided to conduct field trials of the system. On 26 July 2011, field trials of the VVPAT system were conducted at Ladakh in Jammu and

neg: Waman Meshram "I had filed a case of contempt of court against Election Commission of India(EC). The apex court in its verdict of October 8,2013, had clearly said that EVM machines can be fixed or rigged, so as a hard proof VVPAT machines must be attached to EVMs but the guidelines have not followed." He is against Brahmanic Religion. Meshram also alleged that the Election Commission of India(EC) is been pressured by the Central government to rig elections across the country. "The election commission in a reply to my letter said that the Central government is not providing funds to attach VVPAT

neg: 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election 2013 was held in two phases on 11 and 19 November in Chhattisgarh state of India. The result was announced on 8 December. Incumbent ruling party BJP and Chief Minister Raman Singh retained the majority in assembly and formed government consequently for the third time. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 1 assembly seat in Chhattisgarh elections. The first phase in the Naxal-affected areas of Bastar, consisting 18 constituencies, voted on 11 November and had a 75.53% voter turnout. The second phase in the other 72

neg: 2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election a considerable influence over candidate selection and campaigning. However, state issues do tend to dominate the discourse. The Congress party has projected its current Chief Minister Virbhadra Singh as its Chief Ministerial candidate for the elections. BJP announced Prem Kumar Dhumal as their Chief Ministerial candidate. Dhumal lost his seat from Sujanpur constituency. VVPAT-fitted electronic voting machines were used in all of the 7,521 polling stations, the first time that the entire state will see the implementation of VVPAT to ensure greater transparency to the voter. Over 5 million voters are registered in the state. VVPAT slips were counted in

neg: 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election of Vijay Bahuguna. The voter turnout for the 69 seats of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly that held on 15 February was 65.64% which is less than the last election's voter turnout of 67.62%. The schedule for the Uttarakhand Assembly Election was announced by the Election Commission of India on 4 January 2017 and elections took place on 15 February 2017. 69 out of 70 ACs went on to polls on the same day but polls were postponed for Karnaprayag Assembly constituency to 9 March. The results were announced on 11 March 2017. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines were used along

neg: 2014 Indian general election audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 constituencies of Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram as a pilot project. Also, Braille ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations. The scale of the election required 1.1 million of civil servants and 5.5 million civilian employees to handle the election. It was the first election that had the "none of the above" option and allowed Non-Resident Indians to vote; though only in India. Security was increased during the election,

neg: Reshma Patel for her actions against the BJP government. She sat on an indefinite hunger strike for 21 days for the release of community members lodged in jail by the state. She filed public interest litigation for the use of VVPAT in EVM machines which was dismissed by the Gujarat High Court. She has challenged the said order before the Supreme Court of India which is pending for the adjudication wherein the Supreme Court of India has issued notices to the Central Government, State Government, Election Commission of India, Election Commission of Gujarat and the companies which manufacture EVMs. As she participated

neg: Electronic voting in India consultations with the executive, political parties and other stake holders on the matter. Swamy appealed against Delhi High Court's refusal to order a VVPAT system in Supreme Court. On 27 September 2012, Election Commission's advocate Ashok Desai submitted to a Supreme Court bench of Justice P. Sathasivam and Justice Ranjan Gogoi that field trial for VVPAT system is in progress and that a status report will be submitted by early January 2013. Desai said that on pressing of each vote, a paper receipt will be printed, which will be visible to the voters inside a glass but cannot be taken

neg: 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election industrial investments, and law & order issue surfaced as major issues and proved to be an acid test for Trinamool Congress.The Kolkata flyover collapse also happened in the midst of the poll process. Assembly elections in West Bengal are to be held in phases from 4 April to 5 May 2016. On 4 March 2016, Election Commission of India announced that 22 assembly constituencies in West Bengal would have Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines attached along with EVMs. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines were to be in place in more than 5,993 polling stations. AITC released its candidate

neg: 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election voters in the age group 18-21. Elections to the 140-member assembly were held in 21,498 polling stations set up at 12,038 locations. There were 500 model polling stations. Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) programme was undertaken in Kerala for voter awareness. 2,065 Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units were used by the Election commission in 1,650 polling stations in 12 constituencies. VVPAT were not used in Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Wayanad and Kasaragod districts. The Election Commission launched several mobile apps. There are two major political coalitions in Kerala. The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the coalition of centrist and

neg: Election Commission of India various Indian elections. The NCP and CPI(M) were the only two parties that registered for the event but none of them participated. Functioning of EVMs and VVPAT machines were demonstrated to the teams. Election Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per "Article 324", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People

neg: 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election National Congress won 39 seats. One Independent and one Bahujan Samaj Party candidate also won. BJP retained majority in state legislative assembly for consequently third time and Raman Singh sworn in as a Chief Minister. 2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election 2013 was held in two phases on 11 and 19 November in Chhattisgarh state of India. The result was announced on 8 December. Incumbent ruling party BJP and Chief Minister Raman Singh retained the majority in assembly and formed government consequently for the third time. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in

neg: 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election of an Assistant sub-inspector) and a videographer, were formed, one for every 15 of the 8,274 polling stations in the said region. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines were used with EVMs in all polling stations in Karnataka. The schedule of the election was announced by the Election Commission of India on 27 March 2018. It announced that polling would be held in a single phase on 12 May and that results would be declared on 15 May. It also declared that the provisions of the Model Code of Conduct "came into force with immediate effect" with the said announcement.

neg: 2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election from other political parties in the house. Delhi remained thereafter under President's Rule for about a year. On 4 November 2014, the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi Najeeb Jung recommended the Union Cabinet for the dissolution of Delhi assembly and conduct fresh elections. On 12 January 2015, the Election Commission of India announced that state assembly elections would be held on 7 February 2015 with results being announced on 10 February 2015. The election commission announced the schedule for the elections on 12 January 2015. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 2 assembly seats in Delhi

neg: Waman Meshram in the world. We will continue to fight against EVMs till their usage is stopped,". Meshram stated that he had had filed a petition against the Election Commission of India(EC) asking it to attach Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) in the EVMs but it is being delayed deliberately. Delaying this is going to only help two organizations, the EC and the BJP and Congress. If we want to keep the democracy of our country alive, ballet papers must be used for election as they cannot be rigged," he added. Talking about the petition filled in the Supreme Court, Meshram said,

neg: Electronic voting in India along with EVMs in a phased manner and the full completion should be achieved by 2019. Waman Meshram president of BAMCEF filed PIL in Supreme Court against Election Commission accusing it of contempt of court by not following Supreme Court's verdict of compulsory use of vvpat. In June 2018, Election Commission of India decided that all VVPATs will have a built-in-hood to prevent it from excess light and heat. Nepal, Bhutan, Namibia and Kenya have purchased India-manufactured EVMs. Fiji was expected to use Indian EVMs in its elections in 2014. In 2013, the Election Commission of Namibia acquired 1700 control

neg: 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election trail (VVPAT) machines attached along with EVMs. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines will be in place in 4,000 booths. At the 2011 India census, Tamil Nadu had a population of 7,21,47,030. A total of 1,44,38,445 people constituting 20.01% of the total population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 7,94,697 people constituting 1.10% of the population belonged to Scheduled tribes (ST). Other Backward Classes (OBCs) form 68% of the population. As per the religious census of 2011, Tamil Nadu had 87.6% Hindus, 5.9% Muslims, 6.1% Christians, 0.1% Jains and 0.3% following other religions or no religion. The elections were held

neg: Election Commission of India a web site of its own on 28 February 1998 in order to provide accurate information, management, administration and instant results of the elections. In an effort to prevent electoral fraud, in 1993, EPICs or Electors Photo Identity Cards were issued, which became mandatory by the 2004 elections. However ration cards have been allowed for election purposes in certain situations. In 1998, the commission decided on a programme for the 'computerisation' of the electoral rolls. The introduction of Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) in eight Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014 Indian General Elections was a big achievement for the Election

neg: Electoral fraud process of using an independent set of results compared to the original machine results. Parallel testing can be done prior to or during an election. During an election, one form of parallel testing is the VVPAT. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) or verified paper record (VPR) is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballotless voting system. A VVPAT is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic

neg: Elections in India 8 constituencies as a pilot project. These included Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies. A slip generated by the VVPT tells a voter to which party or candidate their vote has been given, their name, their constituency and their polling booth.. VVPAT has been in news recently (2017), following the demand of opposition parties to make it mandatory in the upcoming elections all over India due to allegations on the government of hacking the EVM. For the voters, it is very important to know how the VVPAT works to enable them cross-check whether

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail struggling with DRE maintenance and use and new elections law requirements. In the 2006 primary election in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, a study found that 9.6 percent of the VVPAT tapes were either destroyed, blank, illegible, missing, taped together or otherwise compromised. In one case the thermal paper was loaded into the printer backwards leaving a blank tape, which was not realized by voters who couldn't verify the paper trail. The Cuyahoga Election Review Panel proposed in its final report to remove the opaque doors covering the VVPAT except the ones equipped with equipment for blind voters. In general collecting and

neg: Electronic voting in India out of the machine. Dr. Swamy said that the new system was acceptable to him. The Supreme Court posted the matter for further hearing to 22 January 2013<ref name="Supreme Court hearing in Special Leave to Appeal (Civil) No(s).13735/2012"></ref> and on 8 October 2013, it delivered a verdict, that the Election Commission of India will use VVPAT. Another similar writ petition filed by the Asom Gana Parishad is still pending before the Gauhati High Court. On 8 October 2010 Election Commission appointed an expert technical committee headed by Prof. P. V. Indiresan (former Director of IIT-M) when at an all-party meeting

neg: 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, 2014 was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in five phases from 25 November – 20 December 2014. Voters elected 87 members to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, which ends its six-year term on 19 January 2015. The results were declared on 23 December 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 3 assembly seats out of 87 in Jammu Kashmir elections. Before the election, Indian National Congress broke its alliance with Jammu and Kashmir National Conference and

neg: Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency) Ghaziabad (Assembly constituency) Ghaziabad Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Ghaziabad district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Ghaziabad (Lok Sabha constituency). First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 56. VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P assembly polls. Extant of Ghaziabad Assembly constituency is Ward

neg: Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency) district. Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency) Saharanpur Nagar Assembly constituency () is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Saharanpur district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency). First assembly election in this assembly constituency was conducted in 2012 after the constituency came into existence in the year 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P assembly polls. Extant of Saharanpur Nagar Assembly is Saharanpur Nagar Palika in

neg: Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency) Saharanpur Nagar (Assembly constituency) Saharanpur Nagar Assembly constituency () is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Saharanpur district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency). First assembly election in this assembly constituency was conducted in 2012 after the constituency came into existence in the year 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P assembly polls. Extant of Saharanpur Nagar Assembly is Saharanpur Nagar Palika in Saharanpur

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail barrier to changing or destroying votes. The VVPAT includes a direct recording electronic voting system (DRE), to assure voters that their votes have been recorded as intended. It is intended, and some argue necessary, as a means by which to detect fraud and equipment malfunction. Depending on election laws the paper audit trail may constitute a legal ballot and therefore provide a means by which a manual vote count can be conducted if a recount is necessary. The solution was first demonstrated (New York City, March 2001) and used (Sacramento, CA 2002) by AVANTE International Technology, Inc.. In non-document ballot

neg: 2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election (JD[U]) – contest 12 seats each. AIUDF chief Badruddin Ajmal ran for South Salmara seat, while Gogoi ran for the Titabar seat against BJP MP Kamakhya Prasad Tasa. On 12 February 2016, the Election Commission of India announced that 10 assembly constituencies in Assam will have 2300 voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines attached along with electronic voting machines (EVMs). The dates of the election were announced on 4 March 2016. (In previous elections, all 140 constituencies went to polls on the same day.) The polling was held in two phases, on 4 and 11 April 2016. The counting was

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail was used in entire Goa state in the 2017 assembly elections, which was the first time that an entire state in India saw the implementation of VVPAT. When a voter casts a vote on a direct-recording voting machine, the voter "has no knowledge through his senses that he has accomplished a result. The most that can be said, is, "if" the machine worked as intended, then he ... has voted." This observation was made by Horatio Rogers in 1897, and it remains as true with DRE voting machines as it was with the early mechanical voting machines that Rogers spoke

neg: 2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election to be contested, of which 17 constituencies were reserved for Scheduled Castes candidates. Voting was held on 15 October and the result was announced four days later. Voter turnout for the Assembly election set a new state record with 76.54%. A total of 1,351 candidates, of which 116 were women, contested for the 90 seats (an average of 15 candidates per seat). This was the highest number of total and women candidates in Haryana assembly elections since its formation in 1966. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) was used along with EVMs in 6 out of 90 assembly constituencies in Haryana-Thanesar,

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail leaving the role of an audit in question. Because VVPAT is a recent addition to direct record voting systems the authority question remains unclear. Voter-verified paper audit trail Voter verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) or verifiable paper record (VPR) is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballotless voting system. A VVPAT is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic results. It contains the name of the

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail voting machines, the introduction of a new voting system that includes a VVPAT component would have less implementation challenges. Some implementations of the VVPAT place a high cognitive burden on the voter and are extraordinarily error prone. One important question of VVPAT systems is when should an audit be performed? Some have suggested that random audits of direct recording electronic voting machines be performed on Election Day to protect against machine malfunction. However, the partial tallying of votes before the polls have closed could create a problem similar to the occurrence in American national elections where a winner is declared

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail number of precincts had installed paper trails, failure of the printers delayed voters by as much as 12 hours, a figure that would be catastrophic in the U.S. Current implementation of VVPAT systems use thermal printers to print their paper ballot records. Ballot records printed on the thermal paper will fade with time. Also, heat applied to the paper before or after the election can destroy the printing. It can be significantly more difficult to implement a VVPAT as an after-the-fact feature. For jurisdictions currently using direct recording electronic voting machines that lack a VVPAT, implementation can be expensive to

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016 as the number of votes entered in the Form 17C of a polling booth and the total number of votes recorded in the EVM control unit of that booth did not tally. In June 2018, Election Commission of India introduced a built-in-hood on top of the contrast sensor and paper roll that does not soak humidity in all VVPATs to prevent it from excess light and heat. Common VVPAT problems are: Other hurdles in the implementation of paper audit trails include the performance and authority of the audit. Paper audit systems increase the cost

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail Voter-verified paper audit trail Voter verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) or verifiable paper record (VPR) is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballotless voting system. A VVPAT is intended as an independent verification system for voting machines designed to allow voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, to detect possible election fraud or malfunction, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic results. It contains the name of the candidate (for whom vote has been cast) and symbol of the party/individual candidate. The VVPAT offers some fundamental differences as a paper, rather than

neg: 2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election 2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election The Mizoram Legislative Assembly election, 2013 was held on 25 November 2013 in all 40 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram. Results were declared on 9 December. The main contest was between incumbent the Indian National Congress and the Mizo National Front led Mizoram Democratic Alliance. Incumbent Chief Minister Pu Lalthanhawla and his party Indian National Congress won a majority and continued in government. The election for 40 seats legislative assembly was held on 25 November 2013. There were 6.9 lakh eligible voters. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used on

neg: Electronic voting by country Institute, have classified the primary, as a "hybrid between public and private elections... not run by state election officials, but were still subject to some aspects of state and federal election law." And there were some glitches such as that certain Macintosh browsers did not work. Nonetheless, the 2000 Arizona Internet vote was hailed worldwide as a landmark case of using the Internet at a major election. Elections in Venezuela first introduced electronic voting in the 1998 presidential election. The Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004 was the first national election to feature a voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT). This allow the

neg: Erode West Erode West Erode West is a state assembly constituency of Erode City in Erode District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It consists of portions of the Perundurai and Erode taluks. It is included in Erode Parliamentary Constituency. This constituency was newly formed, in the year of 2008, by dividing the integrated Erode Assembly Constituency. Erode West will be one of 17 assembly constituencies to have VVPAT facility with EVMs in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016. It covers the western part of Erode City Corporation to the Perundurai constituency limit on the west and Modakurichi Constituency limit on

neg: 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election in six constituencies of Muzaffarnagar, Budhana, Purkazi, Khatoli, Charthawal and Midanpur to be raised from 1,769 to 1,819 booths. Voter assistance booths would be set up and photo slip of voters in a new design would be sent to them. First time, the Form-2B would contain the photograph of the candidates and their nationality. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines was used along with EVM in 30 assembly constituencies covering 14 districts including Varanasi, Ghaziabad and Bareilly constituency. As per the special summary revision of electoral rolls, there are a total of 14.05 crore voters in Uttar Pradesh as of

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail vote selling. As such, systems that allow such proof are generally forbidden under the terms of numerous international agreements and domestic laws. Professor Avi Rubin has testified in front of the United States House Committee on House Administration in favor of voting systems that use a paper ballot and disfavoring systems that use retrofitted VVPAT attachments. He has said on his personal blog that "after four years of studying the issue, I now believe that a DRE with a VVPAT is not a reasonable voting system." An auditable system, such as that provided with VVPAT, can be used in randomized

neg: Lucknow West (Assembly constituency) a margin of 13,072 votes. Lucknow West (Assembly constituency) Lucknow West is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Western part of Lucknow in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India and VVPAT facility with EVMs was here in 2017 U. P. assembly polls. Lucknow West is one of five assembly constituencies in the Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency) Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 171 amongst 403 constituencies. Currently this seat belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Suresh Kumar Srivastava who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Lagislative Elections defeating Samajwadi

neg: Lucknow West (Assembly constituency) Lucknow West (Assembly constituency) Lucknow West is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Western part of Lucknow in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India and VVPAT facility with EVMs was here in 2017 U. P. assembly polls. Lucknow West is one of five assembly constituencies in the Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency) Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 171 amongst 403 constituencies. Currently this seat belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Suresh Kumar Srivastava who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Lagislative Elections defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Mohammad Rehan by

neg: Cherlapally station is Charlapalli and Nearest Major Terminus is Secunderabad. There is a proposal to upgrade Charlapalli Railway Station,[3] as a Major Terminus to decongest traffic in Secunderabad Railway Station. Cherlapally Cherlapally is a neighbourhood of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Telangana. As per the delimitation of election wards by the GHMC, it falls under ward no.2 of Kapra circle in the East zone. Cherlapally is home to a vast variety of industrial establishments and is well-known for its small scale and manufacturing industry. Electronics Corporation of India Limited at Cherlapally is being built to manufacture products such as, VVPAT

neg: Cherlapally Cherlapally Cherlapally is a neighbourhood of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Telangana. As per the delimitation of election wards by the GHMC, it falls under ward no.2 of Kapra circle in the East zone. Cherlapally is home to a vast variety of industrial establishments and is well-known for its small scale and manufacturing industry. Electronics Corporation of India Limited at Cherlapally is being built to manufacture products such as, VVPAT units. Cherlapally is one among big Industrial areas(IDA). The Area is well connected by TSRTC to the rest of the City, having Bus Depot at Chengicherla. The nearest Railway

neg: Electronic voting by country legalise elections using Electronic Voting Machines. In 2003, all state elections and by-elections were held using EVMs. The EVMs were also used during the national elections held for the Parliament of India in 2004 and 2009. According to the statistics available through the mainstream media, more than 400 million voters (about 60% of India's eligible voters) exercised their franchise through EVMs in 2009 elections. Tallying such a large number of votes took just a few hours. In India, Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in 2014 Indian general

neg: Election recount a central tabulation system. A manual or "hand" recount involves each individual physical representation of voter intent being reviewed for voter intent by one or more individuals. With DRE voting machines, a voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is examined from each voter. For some DREs that do not generate a VVPAT, images can be printed for each ballot cast and counted individually. Recounts can be mandatory or optional. In some jurisdictions, recounts are mandatory in the event the difference between the top two candidates is less than a percentage of votes cast or of a fixed number. Mandatory recounts are

neg: 2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election government in the state for past 4 years. The term of the legislative assembly of Jharkhand ended on January 3, 2015. The Chief Election Commissioner announced five-phased assembly elections to be held in Jharkhand along with Jammu and Kashmir, beginning from November 25 and ending December 20, counting of votes and results will be announced on December 23, 2014.Voter-verified paper audit trail(VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 7 assembly seats out of 81 in Jharkhand elections- Jamshedpur East, Jamshedpur West, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Ranchi, Kanke and Hatia. The five stages of the elections were held as follows: Raghubar Das was

neg: 2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections, 2013 was held in Indian state of Rajasthan on 1 December 2013. Results were announced on 8 December. The incumbent ruling party Indian National Congress, led by the Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, lost the elections to Vasundhara Raje-led BJP, who was being touted as the next incumbent. Polling was held on 1 December in 199 assembly seats out of 200 seats. Churu constituency polling was postponed to December 13 due to death of BSP candidate Jagdish Meghwal. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 1 assembly seat

neg: Noksen (Vidhan Sabha constituency) M. Chang of Nagaland People's Front by a margin of 83 votes. C. M. Chang of Nagaland People's Front was elected as MLA from Noksen(ST) seat in February 2013. The bye-election to Noksen assembly constituency was necessitated following resignation of Minister for School Education C. M. Chang on 14 March 2013. The by-elections happened on 4 September 2013. The polling percentage was 70.3. Nosken constituency has 12,074 voters, including 6,142 men and 5,832 women, with 21 polling stations spread over 19 villages. 42 VVPAT machines were used during the bye-election. Congress fielded Lima Onen Chang as its candidate for the

neg: Subramanian Swamy dismissed by the Delhi High Court on 17 January 2012. The court refused to give any direction to the Election Commission to bring back paper-ballot system or use of printed receipts. The Commission argued that the use of paper is not feasible due to the huge size of Indian electorate. The court further asked the Election Commission to "immediately begin a process of wider consultations" and the Parliament "to go into this question in depth and decide". On 22 January 2013 the Election Commission informed the Supreme Court that it would include Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system which

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail recounts to detect possible malfunction or fraud. With the VVPAT method, the paper ballot can be treated as the official ballot of record. In this scenario, the ballot is primary and the electronic records are used only for an initial count or, in some cases, if the VVPAT is damaged or otherwise unreadable. In any subsequent recounts or challenges the paper, not the electronic ballot, would be used for tabulation. Whenever a paper record serves as the legal ballot, that system will be subject to the same benefits and concerns of any paper ballot system. Matt Quinn, the developer of

neg: 2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election while on duty. A case was registered against state minister Ranjana Baghel in Dhar district for allegedly bribing voters. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 1 assembly seat in Madhya Pradesh elections. There were over 47 million voters were eligible to exercise their Right to Franchise. Polling for the 230-member assembly began at 0800 hours IST and continued till 1700 hours, baring three Naxal-affected seats of Baihar, Paraswada and Lanjhi in Balaghat district where it ended at 1500 hours. Polling started with a brisk voter turnout reaching only 18% till 1100 hours, however, turnout increased

neg: 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election was 66%. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 1 assembly seat in Delhi elections-New Delhi. Polling stations in Tuglaqabad, Karol Bagh, Trilokpuri and Badarpur reportedly had long waits because EVMs dysfunctioned. In Jungpura, Badli, Krishna Nagar and Kondli constituencies, some voters complained that their names were on the electoral rolls and that they could not vote. After voting party leaders expressed their opinion. Kejriwal said he is confident of a positive result for his party. Vardhan claimed the BJP was "far ahead" of the INC and Aam Aadmi Party. "I can tell you very categorically

neg: 2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election Kolhapur on 16 September with national party President Sharad Pawar, Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar, Maharashtra party President Sunil Tatkare and MP from Kolhapur Dhananjay Mahadik attending the rally. Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke in South Mumbai's Mahalaxmi Racecourse after his return from the U.S. for the sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly. Shiv Sena started its campaign at Mahalaxmi Racecourse in Mumbai on 27 September, where party leader Uddhav Thackeray addressed its supporters. A total of 4,119 candidates contested the election.voter turnout was 64%. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs was used in 13 constituencies:

neg: 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election implementation of VVPAT. The election took place in a single phase on 18 February 2018 with 89.8% voter turnout. The results will be announced on 3 March 2018. 297 candidates registered to contest the election. The other major force in the election was the Indian National Congress, who had taken 36.5% of the popular vote in the region in 2013. They are also, on a wider scale, the largest force in opposing Modi and the BJP in parliament. As such, Rahul Gandhi, in his capacity as the party's leader, campaigned in the region. They were determined to prevent the BJP

neg: 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election alliance and contested 9 and 21 seats respectively. Ruling AINRC, BJP & ADMK will contest separately. The polling booths in three Assembly constituencies in Puducherry (out of total 30 segments) were equipped with Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines along with EVMs. The election was held on 16 May 2016 in a single phase and 84.11% voting was recorded. The votes were counted on 19 May and results were declared on same day. 2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election The legislative assembly election in the Indian union territory of Puducherry was held on 16 May 2016 to elect members of the

neg: 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election 85% while the lowest voter turnout was in the capital of Tamil Nadu, Chennai recording 55%. The ruling ADMK, beating most of the exit polls, was able to retain power with a comfortable majority and became the first party to win consecutive elections since 1984, a feat achieved by MGR. On 3 May, News 7 and Dinamalar released an opinion poll giving an edge for DMK over AIADMK. But some editions of Dinamalar carried a statement on the first page distancing itself from the surveys. In an instance VVPAT was helpful in resolving an issue pertaining to a tally of

neg: Agra Cantonment (Assembly constituency) Agra Cantonment (Assembly constituency) Agra Cantonment Assembly constituency (a.k.a. Agra Cantt.) is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Agra district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Agra (Lok Sabha constituency). First assembly elections in Agra Cantonment assembly constituency were conducted in 1967 and the extant and serial number of this constituency was last defined in "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P assembly polls. Agra Cantt. assembly constituency comprises "Agra CB" and Ward numbers

neg: Elections in India the vote they have given goes to the right candidate. Here is a brief " At the point when the voter presses the button against the name of the applicant of her/his decision on the EVM unit, the VVPAT unit produces a paper slip, additionally called 'ballot slip'. This paper slip contains the name, serial number, and image of the candidate selected by the voter for his vote. " On 27 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India judged that citizens have the right to a negative vote by exercising a "None of the above" (NOTA) option. This was the

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail counting these printed records can be difficult. Records printed on continuous rolls of paper is more difficult than counting standard paper ballots or even punch cards. DRE VVPAT systems that print the ballot records out in the order in which they were cast (often known as reel-to-reel systems) raise privacy issues, if the order of voting can also be recorded. VVPAT printers that cut the paper after each ballot to form individual ballots can avoid this concern. Many jurisdictions also record the order in which voters vote, thus possibly compromising the secrecy of the vote. If there are multiple voting

neg: 2006 Venezuelan presidential election a ""mesa electoral"", or voting "table". In total, 32,331 voting machines were in use country-wide. After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close. Voting session closure at each of the voting stations in a given polling center is determined either by the lack of further voters after the lines have emptied, or by the hour, at the discretion of the president

neg: Elections in Venezuela before narrowly winning the Venezuelan presidential election, 2013). Since 1998 elections in Venezuela have become more automated, and administered by the National Electoral Council, with poll workers drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places are equipped with multiple touch-screen DRE voting machines, one per ""mesa electoral"", or voting "table". After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close. Voting session

neg: 2018 Venezuelan presidential election drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places were equipped with multiple high-tech touch-screen DRE voting machines. After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close. Voting session closure at each of the voting stations in a given polling center is determined either by the lack of further voters after the lines have emptied, or by the hour, at the discretion

neg: 2012 Venezuelan presidential election workers drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places are equipped with multiple high-tech touch-screen DRE voting machines, one to a ""mesa electoral"", or voting "table". After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the voter and deposited in a ballot box belonging to the machine's table. The voting machines perform in a stand-alone fashion, disconnected from any network until the polls close. Voting session closure at each of the voting stations in a given polling center is determined either by the lack of further voters after the lines

neg: 2013 Venezuelan presidential election after 10 January, opponents of Chávez unsuccessfully called for presidential elections to be held after he was unable to be sworn into office due to his illness. Unofficial campaigning had already begun before Chávez's death. Since 1998 elections in Venezuela have been highly automated, and administered by a non-partisan National Electoral Council, with poll workers drafted via a lottery of registered voters. Polling places are equipped with multiple high-tech touch-screen DRE voting machines, one to a ""mesa electoral"", or voting "table". After the vote is cast, each machine prints out a paper ballot, or VVPAT, which is inspected by the

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail security concern is that a VVPAT could print while no voter is observing the paper trail, a form of ballot stuffing. Even if additional votes were discovered through matching to the voters list, it would be impossible to identify legitimate ballots from fraudulent ballots. Alternatively the printer could invalidate the printed record after the voter leaves and print a new fraudulent ballot. These ballots would be undetectable as invalidated ballots are quite common during elections. Also, VVPAT systems that are technically able to reverse the paper feed could be open to manipulated software overwriting or altering the VVPAT after the

neg: Smartmatic co-founder. The aim of SGO, according to its CEO was "to continue to make investments in its core business (election technology), but it is also set to roll out a series of new ventures based on biometrics, online identity verification, internet voting and citizen participation, e-governance and pollution control.” Smartmatic offers an electronic voting system that includes hardware (SAES voting machines), election management software, and canvassing software for a central location's servers. The hardware includes voting machine models with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT). This offering includes products including as Public Safety Platforms, Public Transport Systems, Emergency Management Solutions and

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail ballot, which is critical to "verifying" the vote. While the option to look at the paper may provide comfort to an individual voter, the VVPAT does not serve as an effective check on malfunction or fraud unless a statistically relevant number of voters participate. Current VVPAT systems are not usable by some disabled voters. Senator Christopher Dodd (D-CT) testified before the United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration at a June 2005 hearing on Voter Verification in Federal Elections "The blind cannot verify their choices by means of a piece of paper alone in a manner that is either

neg: Electronic voting chain of custody is required. The solution was first demonstrated (New York City, March 2001) and used (Sacramento, California 2002) by AVANTE International Technology, Inc.. In 2004 Nevada was the first state to successfully implement a DRE voting system that printed an electronic record. The $9.3 million voting system provided by Sequoia Voting Systems included more than 2,600 AVC EDGE touchscreen DREs equipped with the VeriVote VVPAT component. Inadequately secured hardware can be subject to physical tampering. Some critics, such as the group "Wij vertrouwen stemcomputers niet" ("We do not trust voting machines"), charge that, for instance, foreign hardware could

neg: Voter-verified paper audit trail electronic recording medium when storing votes. A paper VVPAT is readable by the human eye and voters can directly interpret their vote. Computer memory requires a device and software which potentially is proprietary. Insecure voting machine records could potentially be changed quickly without detection by the voting machine itself. It would be more difficult for voting machines to corrupt records without human intervention. Corrupt or malfunctioning voting machines might store votes other than as intended by the voter unnoticed. A VVPAT allows voters the possibility to verify that their votes are cast as intended and can serve as an additional

neg: 1934 Indian general election 1934 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1934. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party in the Central Legislative Assembly. The total electorate for the 1934 elections was 1,415,892, of which 1,135,899 were in contested constituencies. The total number of votes polled was 608,198. The election marked the first year in which Indian women were eligible to vote in any but a local election. Of the 81,602 enrolled women voters, 62,757 of whom were in contested constituencies, only 14,505 actually used the ballot. Out of the 51 general seats of the general constituencies,

neg: Khagaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Satyadeo Singh of Congress in 1990. Satyadeo Singh of Congress defeated Ram Sharan Yadav of Lok Dal in 1985. Ram Sharan Yaav of Janata Party (SC) defeated Krishna Chandar Verma of Congress (I) in 1980. Ram Sharan Yadav, Independent, defeated Ram Pravesh Prasad of CPI in 1977. Khagaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Khagaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Khagaria district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Khagaria will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008,

neg: Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) of BJP defeated Nageswar Na. Shahi, Independent, in 1990. Gauri Shankar Pandey of Congress defeated Ahmad Ali of CPI in 1985, Sheo Shankar Kanodia, Independent, in 1980 and Madan Lal Sinhania of Janata Party in 1977. Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Paschim Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Bettiah will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 8. Bettiah (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of

neg: Bareilly (Assembly constituency) and known around the other places for a great hub for Ladies shopping . VVPAT facility with EVMs will be here in 2017 U.P assembly polls. Extant of Bareilly Assembly constituency is Ward Nos. 3, 4, 7, 12 to 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28 to 32, 36, 37, 39, 41, 461, 55, 56 in Bareilly (M Corp.) & Northern Railway Colony (OG) – Ward No. 61 of Bareilly Tehsil. Bareilly (Assembly constituency) Bareilly Vidhan Sabha Constituency () is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bareilly

neg: Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Prasad Singh Bhikhari of BJP in 1985 and Ram Kripal Singh of BJP in 1980. Manjay Lal of Janata Party defeated Ramdev Sharma of CPI in 1977. Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Muzaffarpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Muzaffarpur will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 94 Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Muzaffarpur municipal corporation and Bhagwanpur, Madhubani, Majhauli Khetal and

neg: Madhepura (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Prasad Mandal of Congress defeated Radha Kant Yadav of LD in 1985. Radha Kant Yadav of Janata Party (Secular – Charan Singh)/ Janata Party defeated Manindra Kumar Yadav of Congress in 1980 and Jai Krishna Yadav of Congress in 1977. Madhepura (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Madhepura (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Madhepura will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 73 Madhepura (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is

neg: Supaul (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Pramod Kumar Singh of Congress defeated Zahiruddin Ahmad of LD in 1985. Uma Shankar Singh of Congress defeated Ramjee Mandal Shastri of Janata Party (Secular – Charan Singh) in 1980. Amarendra Prasad Singh of JP defeated Muhammad Zahiruddin Ahmad, Independent in 1977. Supaul (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Supaul (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Supaul district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Supaul will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 43 Supaul (Vidhan Sabha

neg: Siwan (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Awadhvihari Chaudhry of Congress (U) in 1980. Ghulam Sarwar of JP defeated Serajul Haque of Congress in 1977. Siwan (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Siwan (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Siwan district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Siwan will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 105 Siwan (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Siwan community development block including Siwan Municipal Council; Lakri, Pakri, Aurae, Lakri Dargah, Kailgarh Uttar, Kailgarh Dakhin, Sunderpur

neg: Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Kumar Mahaseth of Janata Party (Secular – Charan Singh) defeated Padma Chaubey of Congress in 1980. Digambar Thakur of JP defeated Lokesh Nath Jha of Congress in 1977. Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is an assembly constituency in Madhubani district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Madhubani will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 36 Madhubani (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Madhubani municipality; Basuara, Bhachhi, Bhavara, Lachhminagar, Sonaur, Maksuda, Khajuri,

neg: Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Ram Swartha Rai of Janata Party (Secular – Charan Singh) in 1980. Ram Sagar Prasad Yadav of Congress defeated Ramswarath Rai of JP in 1977 Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Sitamarhi district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Sitamarhi will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 28. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Dumra community development block. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 5.

neg: Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in 1980 and Raghunath Gupta of Janata Party in 1977. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Purvi Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Motihari will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 19. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Motihari community development block including Motihari nagar parishad and Lautnaha notified area and Piprakothi CD block. Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 3.

neg: Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Araria district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Forbesganj will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No 48 Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Forbesganj community development block. Forbesganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No 9 Araria (Lok Sabha constituency) (SC). In the 2010 state assembly elections, Padam Parag Roy Venu of BJP won the Forbesganj assembly seat defeating

neg: Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) () is an assembly constituency in Sitamarhi district in the Indian state of Bihar. In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Sitamarhi will be one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 28. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Dumra community development block. Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of 5. Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency). In the November 2010, October 2005 and February 2005 state assembly elections, Sunil Kumar of BJP won the 28 Sitamarhi assembly