query: what is the primary language in south africa

pos: Languages of South Africa taking power in the 1994 election, the ANC has promoted English as the main language of government, even if South Africans often take pride in using indigenous languages for any purpose. Afrikaans also features prominently in commerce together with English, as the languages with the highest number of fluent speakers are Afrikaans and English. In terms of linguistic classification, the official languages include two West Germanic languages (English and Afrikaans) and nine Southern Bantu languages. Four of these are Nguni languages (Zulu, Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele) and three are Sotho–Tswana languages (Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, and Tswana). Tsonga is a

pos: Postcolonial literature Chapman raises the question: [W]hose language, culture, or story can be said to have authority in South Africa when the end of apartheid has raised challenging questions as to what it is to be a South African, what it is to live in a new South Africa, whether South Africa is a nation, and, if so, what its mythos is, what requires to be forgotten and what remembered as we scour the past in order to understand the present and seek a path forward into an unknown future. South Africa has 11 national languages: Afrikaans, English, Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, Pedi,

pos: Languages of Lesotho obtaining employment within Lesotho and abroad. Although "efforts are made to ensure that Basotho children" learn to read, speak and write English, many Basotho complete only "basic primary education [and] remain monolingual in Sesotho". A minority of Basotho, estimated to number 248,000 , speak Zulu, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. Phuthi, a Nguni language closely related to Swazi, an official language of South Africa and Swaziland, is spoken by 43,000 Basotho (). Xhosa, another Nguni language and official language of South Africa, is spoken by 18,000 people in Lesotho. Speakers of these minority languages typically also

pos: Demographics of South Africa Telugu. Although many South Africans are of Huguenot (French) origin, South African French is spoken by fewer than 10,000 individuals country-wide. Congolese French is also spoken in South Africa by migrants. The primary sign language of Deaf South Africans is South African Sign Language. Other sign languages among indigenous peoples are also used. In 2011, the first language was Zulu for 28.1% of Black residents, Xhosa for 19.8%, Northern Sotho for 11.2%, Tswana for 9.7%, Sesotho for 9.3%, Tsonga for 5.5%, Swati for 3.1%, Venda for 2.9%, English for 2.8%, Southern Ndebele for 2.6%, Afrikaans for 1.5%, while 3.4% had

pos: Zulu language is a table with a number of words constructed from the roots -"Zulu" and "-ntu" (the root for "person/s", "people"): The following is a list of phrases that can be used when one visits a region whose primary language is Zulu: The following is from the preamble to the Constitution of South Africa: Translation: South African English has absorbed many words from the Zulu language. Others, such as the names of local animals ("impala" and "mamba" are both Zulu names) have made their way into standard English. A few examples of Zulu words used in South African English: Zulu language

pos: Xhosa language education has been governed by legislation, beginning with the Bantu Education Act, 1953. At present, Xhosa is used as the main language of instruction in many primary schools and some secondary schools, but is largely replaced by English after the early primary grades, even in schools mainly serving Xhosa-speaking communities. The language is also studied as a subject. The language of instruction at universities in South Africa is English or Afrikaans, and Xhosa is taught as a subject, both for native and for non-native speakers. Literary works, including prose and poetry, are available in Xhosa, as are newspapers and magazines.

pos: Culture of Tanzania primary education. Although the many non-official languages in Tanzania are not actively suppressed, they do not enjoy the same linguistic rights as Swahili and English. They also face language extinction, with one, the Kw'adza language, having no remaining speakers. Some writers include: The Tanzanian national anthem is "Mungu Ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa), composed by South Africa's composer Enoch Sontonga. The song is also the national anthem of South Africa (with another tune), Zambia. The music industry in Tanzania has seen many changes in the past ten years. With a fusion of local and foreign music traditions, Tanzanian musicians have

pos: Afrikaans Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century. Hence, it is a daughter language of Dutch, and was previously referred to as "Cape Dutch" (a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers) or "kitchen Dutch" (a derogatory term used to refer to Afrikaans in

pos: Khalipha spoken as there is a larger Kacchi speaking community. Gujarati is the written language and the language of status and education hence some families choosing to speak the language. Also the language spoken by ancestors in India was carried to the new homeland. The younger generation understands but is not fluent. English is the primary language in South Africa. There is an indication that their ancestors come from the Sindh. There is even a story of a migration to the subcontinent with or the conversion at the hands of a certain Shah Jalal. The male ancestors apparently married Indian women.

pos: Rondebosch East "White". 84.4% spoke English as their first language, 8.1% spoke Afrikaans and 2.6% spoke Xhosa. Kromboom Road is the main road through Rondebosch East, connecting it to Rondebosch and Crawford, and to the M5 freeway at exit 13. Crawford railway station on the Cape Flats Line is located on the eastern edge of the suburb. Rondebosch East Primary School previously Alpha Primary is located centrally in Rondebosch East; Windsor High School is located just outside the suburb in Lansdowne. Rondebosch East Rondebosch East is a residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, about south-west of the city centre. As the

pos: D. F. Malherbe and the Israelites of the Old Testament, yet today they are lightly regarded. Malherbe was also active in the promotion of Afrikaans. The D.F. Malherbe High School in 14th Avenue, Walmer, Port Elizabeth, South Africa is named after him as well as the D.F. Malherbe Primary School in Vanderbijlpark, South Africa. Lindenberg, E., et al. "Inleiding tot die Afrikaanse Letterkunde". Pretoria and Cape Town: Fifth edition, 1980. D. F. Malherbe Daniël Francois Malherbe or (as he is generally known) D.F. Malherbe (28 May 1881 – 12 April 1969), was an Afrikaans-language novelist, poet, dramatist, and scholar. He was born in

pos: Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal change policies surrounding both environmental and social issues, as in the Wentworth area in particular those issues are so connected. In South Africa, the curriculum for all public primary and secondary schools is standardized. For primary and secondary schools, the curriculum includes, mathematics, natural science, social science, as well as English, Zulu, and Afrikaans language courses. Primary school encompasses grades R (the equivalent of kindergarten) to grade 7, and secondary school includes grades 8 to "matric". In Wentworth itself, there are many primary and secondary schools that children from both Wentworth and the surrounding areas attend. Facilities at the school

pos: Mobile Literacy in South Africa published stories in English and isiXhosa. Puku Children's Literature Foundation: is a reading promotion and book curation organisation that aims to ensure that all children have access to quality, culturally relevant literature in all South African languages. One of Puku’s primary vehicles for promoting this, is the creation of an engaging and innovative digital encyclopedia that houses and reviews literature and bodies of work for what will be South Africa’s first comprehensive database of children’s literature (Pukupedia) and which promotes the buying and reading of books that affirm the African child. Creative Commons South Africa: Creative Commons provides a pool

pos: National Convention (South Africa) been predominantly English among its white inhabitants and being the most fervent supporter of federalism, specifically feared that a Dutch culture and language culture would be forced upon it. The Cape sought to protect the qualified franchise it had adopted which allowed black and coloureds to stand for elections and vote. Jan Smuts was the primary sponsor of the idea that South Africa should be a unitary state. He criticized the American federal model as "ineffective for the essential purpose of civilized government" because individual states could make their own law, and South Africa had by that time already experienced

pos: Xhosa people pipes that are decorated by ‘ukurhaswa’. The traditional smoking pipes are called ‘umbheka phesheya’. Xhosa people currently make up approximately 18% of the South African population. The Xhosa are the second largest cultural group in South Africa, after the Zulu-speaking nation. Under apartheid, adult literacy rates were as low as 30%, and studies estimated the literacy level of first-language Xhosa speakers at approximately 50%. There have been advances since then, however. Education in primary-schools serving Xhosa-speaking communities is conducted in isiXhosa, but this is replaced by English after the early primary grades. Xhosa is still considered as a studied subject,

pos: BCVO are selected at the end of the games. Teams are selected to participate in the Bokkieweek. BCVO The Beweging vir Christelik-Volkseie Onderwys (BCVO; ) is an educational organisation in South Africa, committed to providing primary and secondary education (grade 1 through 12) in the Calvinist tradition and Afrikaans language. There are currently 41 directly affiliated schools throughout South Africa—mainly in the areas of the former "Boer Republics" of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, educating approximately 2100 children. The schools affiliated with the BCVO are committed to the following principles: The BCVO had an examination body, the Examination Board

pos: BCVO BCVO The Beweging vir Christelik-Volkseie Onderwys (BCVO; ) is an educational organisation in South Africa, committed to providing primary and secondary education (grade 1 through 12) in the Calvinist tradition and Afrikaans language. There are currently 41 directly affiliated schools throughout South Africa—mainly in the areas of the former "Boer Republics" of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, educating approximately 2100 children. The schools affiliated with the BCVO are committed to the following principles: The BCVO had an examination body, the Examination Board for Christian Education (acronym: ERCO - Afrikaans: "EksamenRaad vir Christelike Onderwys") (formerly called the "Onafhanklike Afrikaanse

pos: Dutch language Dutch language lies in South Africa, which attracted large numbers of Dutch, Flemish and other northwest European farmer (in Dutch, "boer") settlers, all of whom were quickly assimilated. The long isolation from the rest of the Dutch-speaking world made the Dutch as spoken in Southern Africa evolve into what is now Afrikaans. In 1876, the first Afrikaans newspaper called "Die Afrikaanse Patriot" was published in the Cape Colony. European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section

pos: Languages of Africa (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century. Most Afrikaans speakers live in South Africa. In Namibia it is the lingua franca and in Botswana and Zimbabwe it is a minority language of roughly several ten thousand people. Overall 15 to 20 million people are estimated to speak Afrikaans. Since the colonial era, Indo-European languages such as Afrikaans, English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish have held official status in many countries, and are widely spoken, generally as lingua francas.

pos: Manually coded language in South Africa Manually coded language in South Africa In South Africa, manually coded language is used in education, as a bridge between South African Sign Language (SASL) and the eleven official oral languages of the country. These codes apply the signs of SASL to the grammar of the oral languages, resulting in Signed English, Signed Afrikaans, Signed Xhosa, Signed Zulu, etc. They are not a natural form of communication among deaf people. Manually coded language is commonly used instead of SASL for simultaneous translation from an oral language into sign, for example at the Deaf Forum that is held annually at different

pos: Manually coded language in South Africa in fact there is only one. A very different form of manually coded language is cued speech, an aid to lipreading which has been developed for Afrikaans, South African English, and Setswana. Manually coded language in South Africa In South Africa, manually coded language is used in education, as a bridge between South African Sign Language (SASL) and the eleven official oral languages of the country. These codes apply the signs of SASL to the grammar of the oral languages, resulting in Signed English, Signed Afrikaans, Signed Xhosa, Signed Zulu, etc. They are not a natural form of communication among

pos: Teboho MacDonald Mashinini Teboho MacDonald Mashinini Teboho "Tsietsi" MacDonald Mashinini (born 27 January 1957 - 1990) in Central Western Jabavu, Soweto, South Africa, died summer, 1990 in Conakry, Guinea), buried Avalon Cemetery, was the primary student leader of the Soweto Uprising that began in Soweto and spread across South Africa in June, 1976. Mashinini was born in 1957. He was a bright, popular and successful student at Morris Isaacson High School in Soweto where he was the head of the debate team and president of the Methodist Wesley Guild . A move by South Africa's apartheid government to make the language Afrikaans an

pos: Languages of South Africa Tswa–Ronga language. South African Sign Language is understood across the country, though sometimes sign-language interpreters use manually coded language. The most common language spoken as a first language by South Africans is Zulu (23 percent), followed by Xhosa (16 percent), and Afrikaans (14 percent). English is the fourth most common first language in the country (9.6%), but is understood in most urban areas and is the dominant language in government and the media. The majority of South Africans speak a language from one of the two principal branches of the Bantu languages represented in South Africa: the Sotho–Tswana branch (Sesotho,

pos: German language in Namibia (s.) Werft (w.) Winkel (m.) wundern (v.) wüst (adv.) zu (adv.) zünden (v.) German language in Namibia Namibia is a multilingual country wherein German is recognised as a national language (a form of minority language). While English is the sole official language of the country since 1990, in many areas of the country German enjoys official status at a community level. German is especially widely used in central and southern Namibia and was until 1990 one of three official languages in what was then South West Africa, alongside Afrikaans and English. German is the main or mother tongue of about

pos: German language in Namibia German language in Namibia Namibia is a multilingual country wherein German is recognised as a national language (a form of minority language). While English is the sole official language of the country since 1990, in many areas of the country German enjoys official status at a community level. German is especially widely used in central and southern Namibia and was until 1990 one of three official languages in what was then South West Africa, alongside Afrikaans and English. German is the main or mother tongue of about 30,000 Namibians, a number composed roughly equally of German Namibians as well as

pos: Mbabane and golf courses tending to tourists. Mbabane's closest border crossing to South Africa is Ngwenya-Oshoek, and though Swazi is the primary language, English is widespread. Mbabane, and Eswatini itself, depend on tourism and sugar exports. It is also a commercial hub for the surrounding region, while tin and iron were mined nearby. The city has two sites for light industries. Mbabane is the home of the Waterford-Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa, as well as one of the three campuses of the University of Swaziland. Limkokwing University of Creative Technology is a private international university that lies by the

pos: Languages of Eswatini also used in mass media. English is the medium of instruction, and is taught in all state and private schools. Competency in English is a prerequisite for admission into most post-secondary institutions. A minority of Swazi, estimated to number 76,000 , speak Zulu, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. Tsonga, a Tswa–Ronga language and also an official language of South Africa, is spoken by 19,000 Swazis (). Afrikaans, another official language of South Africa and descended from Dutch, is spoken by 13,000 people in Eswatini. Chewa (or Nyanja), the national language of Malawi, and Sotho (Sesotho or

pos: Namibia country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to

pos: Swazi language Swazi language The Swazi, Swati or siSwati language () (pronounced ) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in the Kingdom of eSwatini and South Africa by the Swazi people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 12 million. The language is taught in eSwatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Swazi is an official language of eSwatini (along with English), and is also one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. Although the preferred term is "siSwati" among native speakers, in English it is generally referred

pos: Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool school took over the Hogere Oosteindschool, a Dutch-medium instruction school, suggestive of the demise of Dutch as a language in South Africa and the assumption of Afrikaans as the primary instruction medium. By 1929 this building had also run out of space and the decision was made to split the boys and girls into separate schools, thus creating the first separate Afrikaans boys' and girls' schools in South Africa. These two schools are now situated across each other in Lynnwood Road. The items in the school's coat of arms: The school has an Astro-Turf, mini-Astro, gymnasium and library. The school

pos: Swazi language with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." Swazi language The Swazi, Swati or siSwati language () (pronounced ) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in the Kingdom of eSwatini and South Africa by the Swazi people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 12 million. The language is taught in eSwatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Swazi is an official language of eSwatini (along with English), and is also one of the eleven official languages of South Africa.

pos: National language English and a "mother tongue" corresponding to the student's ethnicity. Malay is only offered to non-Malay students as an optional third language in secondary schools. As a result, English has displaced Bazaar Malay as the common language among Singaporeans. Therefore, despite the status of Malay as the national language, the majority doesn't speak it. The Slovene language is the national language of Slovenia. There are 6 minority languages. South Africa has 11 official languages, namely Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. South African Sign Language and Dutch are distinct in South Africa though

pos: Sosatie Sosatie Sosatie (pl sosaties) is a traditional South African dish of meat (usually lamb or mutton) cooked on skewers. The term derives from "sate" ("skewered meat") and "saus" (spicy sauce). It is of Cape Malay origin, used in Afrikaans, the primary language of the Cape Malays, and the word has gained greater circulation in South Africa. Marinated, cubed meat (usually lamb) is skewered and braaied (barbecued) shish-kebab style. Sosatie recipes vary, but commonly the ingredients can include cubes of lamb, beef, chicken, dried apricots, red onions and mixed peppers. To prepare, mutton chunks are marinated overnight in fried onions, chillies,

pos: Zulu language Zulu language Zulu () or isiZulu ( "isiZulu") is the language of the Zulu people, with about 10 million speakers, the vast majority (over 95%) of whom live in South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 11 official languages in 1994. According to Ethnologue, it is the second most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Shona. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet. In South African English, the

pos: Dutch people higher. Dutch is currently an official language of the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, Aruba, Sint Maarten, Curaçao, the European Union and the Union of South American Nations (due to Suriname being a member). In South Africa, Afrikaans is spoken, a daughter language of Dutch, which itself was an official language of South Africa until 1983. The Dutch, Flemish and Surinamese governments coordinate their language activities in the "Nederlandse Taalunie" (Dutch Language Union), an institution also responsible for governing the Dutch Standard language, for example in matters of orthography. The origins of the word "Dutch" go back to Proto-Germanic, the ancestor of

pos: Languages of South Africa Afrikaans was considered to include Dutch, and Dutch was dropped in 1984, so between 1984 and 1994, South Africa had two official languages: English and Afrikaans. English being the second language of many South Africans is most likely the most commonly spoken language of the nation. Many countries from around the world have turned to South Africa for their supply of low cost English and other educators. Different government departments and official bodies use different terms to denote Northern Sotho. In South Africa, Southern Ndebele is known simply as "Ndebele", as most speakers of Northern Ndebele live in Zimbabwe. Since

pos: Paarl Gimnasium Paarl Gimnasium Paarl Gimnasium is a high school in Paarl, Western Cape, South Africa. Rev. van Lingen founded the school in the centre of town in 1858. The school has produced some of South Africa's top rugby players, including Schalk Burger, Jean De Villiers, Marius Joubert, Handré Pollard and De Wet Barry. Other alumni include the theologian Stephanus Jacobus du Toit. The primary school section of Gimnasium was founded in 1858 as a Dutch Christian school for boys, with the high school being founded much later. In the mid-1930s the school's language of education shifted to Afrikaans. After the high

pos: White Africans of European ancestry declined as many have adapted to Afrikaans or English at home. The Greek language has long existed on the continent since antiquity. In South Africa the population estimates vary with the Greek government reporting that roughly 50,000 Greeks lived in the country in 2012. The South African constitution and Pan South African Language Board seeks to promote and respect the language. Zimbabwe also once held a large Greek-speaking community and there still is a Greek school As is the case in South Africa. The language also was commonly spoken among Greeks in Egypt in both the ancient era and more

neg: South African Sign Language South African Sign Language South African Sign Language (SASL) is the primary sign language spoken by Deaf in South Africa. It is an official language of South Africa. The South African government added a National Language Unit for South African Sign Language in 2001. SASL is not the only manual language spoken in South Africa, but it is the language that is being promoted as the language to be used by all Deaf in South Africa, although Deaf peoples in South Africa historically do not form a single group. In 1995, the previous South African National Council for the Deaf

neg: South African literature raises the question: [W]hose language, culture, or story can be said to have authority in South Africa when the end of apartheid has raised challenging questions as to what it is to be a South African, what it is to live in, whether South Africa is mlg, and, if so, what its mythos is, what requires to be forgotten and what remembered as we scour the past in order to understand the present and seek a path forward into an unknown future. South Africa has 11 national languages: , . Any definitive literary history of South Africa should, it could

neg: South African Sign Language started to settle near Durban. In 1884, Sister Stephanie Hanshuber, from Germany, introduced the "oral method" in South Africa. In 1888 "King William's Town Convent School for the Education of the Deaf" was formally opened. ""Since there is little historical evidence, it is presumed that South African Sign Language has a mixture of the Irish influence from the Dominican Irish nuns, and British influence as well as the American influence. (Sign Language is the natural language of the Deaf.)"" General information: Organisations: Learning: Research resources: South African Sign Language South African Sign Language (SASL) is the primary sign language spoken

neg: Membathisi Mdladlana Membathisi Mdladlana Membathisi Mdladlana (born 12 May 1952 in Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape) is a South African politician. He is the South African ambassador to Canada as at November 2012. He was the Minister of Labour of South Africa since appointment by Nelson Mandela in 1998 till 2010. A teacher by training, Mdladlana earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of South Africa in 1997 in education and the IsiXhosa language. From 1972-1981, Mdladlana was a teacher at Vukukhanye Primary School in Gugulethu, a township outside of Cape Town. From 1982-1994, he was the principal of Andile Primary School in

neg: Nomaza Nongqunga Coupez learn the French language and to immerse herself in the culture. Nomaza Nongqunga Coupez then expands her activities by creating her company Undiscover canvass whose primary goal is to promote African artists in France but also to work with the film and wine industry in South Africa. She joins the Presidential Council for Africa an organisation created by Emmanuel Macron the French president to put a new face to the relationship between Africa and France. Nomaza Nongqunga Coupez Nomaza Nongqunga Coupez was born in South Africa, in 1981. She is the founder of the company Undiscover Canvass which promotes African

neg: South African Sign Language of sign language in South Africa. In addition to South African sign languages, American Sign Language (ASL) is also used by some Deaf people in South Africa. Most local sign languages in South Africa show the influence of American sign language. SASL is the sign language that is used during television news casts in South Africa. Sign language is also used in the South African parliament, but different sign language interpreters are known to use different signs for the same concepts. There are around 40 schools for the Deaf in South Africa, most using a variety of SASL. Sign language

neg: Nǁng language Nǁng language Nǁng or Nǁŋǃke, commonly known by its primary dialect Nǀuu (Nǀhuki), is a moribund Tuu (Khoisan) language once spoken in South Africa. It is no longer spoken on a daily basis, as the speakers live in different villages. The dialect name ǂKhomani is used for the entire people by the South African government, but the descendents of ǂKhomani-dialect speakers now speak Khoikhoi. As of January 2013, only three speakers of the Nǀuu dialect and two of the ǁ’Au dialect remain. Nǁng belongs to the Tuu (Taa–ǃKwi) language family, with extinct ǀXam being its closest relative and Taa its

neg: Sesotho language one of the eleven official languages of South Africa, and one of the two official languages of Lesotho. Sesotho is one of the many languages from which the pseudo-language Tsotsitaal is derived. Tsotsitaal is not a proper language, as it is primarily a unique vocabulary and a set of idioms but used with the grammar and inflexion rules of another language (usually Sesotho or Zulu). It is a part of the youth culture in most Southern Gauteng "townships" and is the primary language used in Kwaito music. The sound system of Sesotho is unusual in many respects. It has ejective

neg: Bube language Bube language Bube, Bohobé or Bube–Benga (Bobe, Bubi), is a Bantu or Bantoid language spoken by the Bubi, a Bantu people native to, and once the primary inhabitants of, Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea. The language was brought to Bioko from continental Africa more than three thousand years ago when the Bubi began arriving on the island. It has around 50,000 speakers, with three variants: North, South and Central-East. It is noted for its tonal character and the divergence of words by gender. The language is also spoken by Bubi native to Gabon and Cameroon. The Bube language is divided

neg: Pan South African Language Board Pan South African Language Board The Pan South African Language Board (, abbreviated PanSALB) is an organization in South Africa established to promote multilingualism, to develop the 11 official languages, and to protect language rights in South Africa. The Board was established in Act 59 of 1995 by the Parliament of South Africa. In addition to the 11 official languages of South Africa, PanSALB also strives for the development of the Khoe, San, and South African Sign Language. PanSALB structures include: Provincial Language Committees, the National Language Bodies and the National Lexicography Units. In January 2016, South African Minister of

neg: AmaBhungane AmaBhungane AmaBhungane is an investigative journalism organization focusing primarily on exposing political corruption in South Africa and neighboring countries. The founder say that their name means “dung beetle” in isiZulu, the primary indigenous language of South Africa. They claim they are “digging dung, fertilizing democracy.” Their “#GuptaLeaks” investigations have produced many stories over the years that exposed substantive political corruption in the South African government, recognized by several prestigious awards for investigative journalism. These reports suggested that the Gupta family had ”captured the state” through their friendship with then-President Zuma and seem to have contributed to 2016 electoral defeats by

neg: Swazi language the variety of the language spoken is significantly influenced by isiZulu. Many Swazis (plural "emaSwati," singular "liSwati"), including those in the south who speak this variety, do not regard it as 'proper' Swazi. This is what may be referred to as the second dialect in the country. The sizeable number of Swazi speakers in South Africa (mainly in the Mpumalanga province, and in Soweto) are considered by Swaziland Swazi speakers to speak a non-standard form of the language. Unlike the variant in the south of Swaziland, the Mpumalanga variety appears to be less influenced by Zulu, and is thus considered

neg: Bantu languages In addition, "Kintu" is a figure in some Bantu mythologies. The term "Kintu" apparently still saw occasional use in the 1990s in South Africa. The Bantu languages descend from a common Proto-Bantu language, which is believed to have been spoken in what is now Cameroon in Central Africa. An estimated 2,500–3,000 years ago (1000 BC to 500 BC), although other sources put the start of the Bantu Expansion closer to 3000 BC, speakers of the Proto-Bantu language began a series of migrations eastward and southward, carrying agriculture with them. This Bantu expansion came to dominate Sub-Saharan Africa east of Cameroon,

neg: James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey studies at what is now known as Columbia University, where he studied sociology, psychology and the Japanese language. In 1920 Paul Monroe, a member of the Phelps Stokes Fund offered Aggrey the opportunity to attend a research expedition to Africa to determine which measures were necessary for the improvement of education in Africa. Aggrey accepted and visited what are now ten different countries in Africa, where he collected and analyzed education data. In 1920 he visited Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Gold Coast, Cameroon and Nigeria. In 1921 he visited the Belgian Congo, Angola and South Africa. During this journey Aggrey

neg: Grove Primary School (South Africa) Grove Primary School (South Africa) The Grove Primary school is a school from pre-primary to Grade 7 in Claremont, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. There are about 720 pupils at the Grove and the school Head is Sally Shield. The Grove is one of the oldest schools in South Africa and was founded in 1885 as the Feldhausen School, named after Feldhausen Estate, which was a farm prior to the founding of the school. To this day the school is still adjacent to Feldhausen Road. The premises contain the Sir John Frederick William Herschel obelisk, dedicated to the famous

neg: Languages of Africa for animal/meat is particularly widespread in otherwise widely divergent African languages. The following is a table displaying the number of speakers of given languages within Africa: Below is a list of the major languages of Africa by region, family and total number of primary language speakers in millions. Languages of Africa The languages of Africa are divided into six major language families: There are several other small families and language isolates, as well as languages that have yet to be classified. In addition, Africa has a wide variety of sign languages, many of which are language isolates (see below). The

neg: Grove Primary School (South Africa) swimming pool, tennis courts, netball courts, a playing field, basketball court, cricket nets, a library and a computer room. Summer sports include: mini-sport, mini-cricket, cricket, swimming and tennis. Winter sports include: soccer, hockey, netball and cross-country. Grove Primary School (South Africa) The Grove Primary school is a school from pre-primary to Grade 7 in Claremont, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. There are about 720 pupils at the Grove and the school Head is Sally Shield. The Grove is one of the oldest schools in South Africa and was founded in 1885 as the Feldhausen School, named after Feldhausen Estate,

neg: Lala language (South Africa) Lala language (South Africa) Lala is a Bantu language of South Africa, claimed to be extinct in some sources. As of 1999, however, there were still a number of communities of speakers in the coastal regions of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Although it is a Tekela Nguni language, for sociological reasons it is often considered a dialect of Zulu (a Zunda Nguni language), whereas it differs quite markedly in phonology and to a degree in morphology, and with a large portion of its lexicon derived from Xhosa (because of Xhosa-medium schooling in the old Natal South Coast) and

neg: Lala language (South Africa) the "IsiZansi" Tekela variety of the lower South Coast. Lala language (South Africa) Lala is a Bantu language of South Africa, claimed to be extinct in some sources. As of 1999, however, there were still a number of communities of speakers in the coastal regions of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Although it is a Tekela Nguni language, for sociological reasons it is often considered a dialect of Zulu (a Zunda Nguni language), whereas it differs quite markedly in phonology and to a degree in morphology, and with a large portion of its lexicon derived from Xhosa (because of

neg: Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures studied Atlantic and Indian Ocean creoles, but also less well known pidgins and creoles from Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia, including some extinct varieties. The Atlas does not make any classification into what is and what is not a pidgin/creole/mixed language. It is up to the readers and users of the database to make these classifications. This is a very important point, as it is inappropriate to refer to all languages in the APiCS as creoles. Each language is the responsibility of a single author or a team of authors, which were requested to fill out a

neg: Click consonant and data by other field researchers, Miller (2011) posits 21 types of clicks that contrast in manner or airstream. The homorganic and heterorganic affricated ejective clicks do not contrast in any known language, but are judged dissimilar enough to keep separate. Miller's conclusions differ from those of the primary researcher of a language; see the individual languages for details. (all spoken primarily in South Africa, Namibia and Botswana; Khoekhoe is like Korana except it has lost ejective ) (Zulu is like Xhosa apart from not having ) Each language below is illustrated with alveolar clicks, apart from Dahalo, which only

neg: Venda language Venda language Venda or Tshivenda, also known as "Tshivenḓa" or "Luvenḓa", is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa. It is mainly spoken by the Venda people in the northern part of South Africa's Limpopo Province, as well as by some Lemba people in Zimbabwe. The Venda language is related to Kalanga (Western Shona, different from Shona, official language of Zimbabwe) which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe. During the Apartheid era of South Africa, the bantustan of Venda was set up to cover the Venda speakers of South Africa. According to the 2011 census, Venda speakers

neg: Tsonga language Pulana (Xipulana, Sepulane). What is commonly referred to as "Shangana/Changana" is not a recognized language in South Africa and is not a dialect that falls within the Xitsonga language group because its point of reference stems mainly from the use of the Nguni language and grammar. A dialect is when words all come from the same language group but are pronounced differently in speech and writing and therefore Nguni words cannot be used to impose an obscure view of dialects within the Xitsonga language group. Therefore, any reference to a Shangaan form of speech should be classified as a dialect

neg: Koidu inhabited by significant numbers of many of Sierra Leone's ethnic groups, with no single ethnic group forming a majority. Most of the foreign diamond workers in Kono District reside in the city. The Krio language is by far the most widely spoken language in Koidu Town and is the primary language of communication in the city. In 1995 the government of Sierra Leone signed an agreement with the South African company Branch Energy Limited, a subsidiary of Executive Outcomes (EO), a business that supplied mercenaries to governments across Africa. The agreement, negotiated under the Mines and Minerals Act of 1994,

neg: Proto-Bantu language Proto-Bantu language Proto-Bantu is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Bantu languages, a subgroup of the Benue-Congo family. It is thought to have originally been spoken in West/Central Africa in the area of what is now Cameroon. Approximately 3000–4000 years ago, it split off from other Bantoid languages when the Bantu expansion began to the south and east. Two theories have been put forward about the way the languages expanded: one is that the Bantu-speaking people moved first to the Congo region and then a branch split off and moved to East Africa; the other (more likely) is that the

neg: Proto-Bantu language a publicly searchable database of all the Bantu vocabulary items which have been established or proposed so far is maintained by the Royal Museum for Central Africa at Tervuren in Belgium (see External links). Proto-Bantu language Proto-Bantu is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Bantu languages, a subgroup of the Benue-Congo family. It is thought to have originally been spoken in West/Central Africa in the area of what is now Cameroon. Approximately 3000–4000 years ago, it split off from other Bantoid languages when the Bantu expansion began to the south and east. Two theories have been put forward about the

neg: Afrikaans 7 million native speakers in South Africa, or 13.5% of the population, it is the third-most-spoken language in the country. It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the 11 official languages of South Africa, and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language. It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa—the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape—and the first language of 75.8% of Coloured South Africans (4.8 million people), 60.8% of White South Africans (2.7 million); 4.6% of Asian South Africans (58,000 people), and 1.5% of Black South

neg: Languages of Zimbabwe language is closely related to the Zulu language of South Africa, and developed in Zimbabwe in the 19th century when Zulus migrated to what is now Zimbabwe from the Zulu Kingdom in 1839. Today, Ndebele is spoken by roughly 20% of the population and is one of Zimbabwe's official languages. Chewa is a Bantu language spoken in northeastern Zimbabwe. According to some estimates, it is the third-most widely spoken indigenous language in the country, after Shona and Ndebele." Chewa is one of Zimbabwe's official languages. Chibarwe, also known as Sena, is a Bantu language, mainly found in Malawi and Mozambique,

neg: South African Computer Olympiad South African Computer Olympiad The South African Computing Olympiad (SACO) is an annual computer programming competition for secondary school students (although at least one primary school student has participated) in South Africa. The South African team for the International Olympiad in Informatics is selected through this competition. The competition consists of three rounds. The first round is a pen-and-paper aptitude examination at the entrant's school, testing a combination of general knowledge, knowledge of computers, problem solving and basic programming (entrants are often required to program an imaginary robot in a fictional Logo-like language). Although the first round is not compulsory,

neg: Hansen, Schrader & Co. v De Gasperi Hansen, Schrader & Co. v De Gasperi Hansen, Schrader & Co. v De Gasperi is an important case in South African contract law. It was heard by Solomon J in the Witwatersrand High Court from April 15 to 16, 1903. The case is important primarily for its influence on the interpretation of contracts in South Africa. "The primary purpose of the interpretation of a contract," writes Catherine Maxwell, "is to give effect to the intentions of the parties." The primary rule, therefore, is that effect must be given to the parties' common intention: that is, to what both of them

neg: Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples of Northwest Semitic were the Canaanites (including the Phoenicians and the Hebrews) and the Aramaeans. South Semitic peoples include the speakers of South Arabian and Ethiopic. The region of origin of the reconstructed Proto-Semitic language, ancestral to historical and modern Semitic languages in the Middle East, is still uncertain and much debated. A 2009 Bayesian analysis identified an origin for Semitic languages in the Levant around 3750 BC with a later single introduction of Ge'ez from what is now South Arabia into the Horn of Africa around 800 BC, with a slightly earlier introduction into parts of North Africa and

neg: Western Cape Education Department Western Cape Education Department The Western Cape Education Department (abbreviated WCED) is the department of the Government of the Western Cape responsible for primary and secondary education within the Western Cape province of South Africa. The political leader of the department is the Provincial Minister of Education; this is Donald Grant. During the apartheid era, education in South Africa was segregated according to race, with different government departments administering schools for the different races. What is now the Western Cape was at that time part of the Cape Province, and schools for white students were run by the Education Department

neg: South African contract law assertion that “the rule of interpretation is to ascertain, not what the parties’ intention was, but what the language used in the contract means, i.e. what their intention was as expressed in the contract,” has been treated very circumspectly. The principle tends to obscure the consensual basis of the South Africa law of contract, it is said, and is not inflexible, but subject to qualification. The words employed in a contract cannot be viewed in isolation, divorced from the matrix of facts in which they are set, if the intention of the parties is to be ascertained. While the first

neg: Languages of Denmark of Danes report being able to speak conversational German). The third most widely understood foreign language is Swedish, with 13% of Danes reporting to be able to speak it. Faroese, a North Germanic language like Danish, is the primary language of the Faroe Islands, a self-governing territory of the Kingdom. It is also spoken by some Faroese immigrants to mainland Denmark. Faroese is similar to Icelandic, and also the Old Norse language spoken. German is an officially recognized minority language in the former South Jutland County (part of what is now the Region of Southern Denmark), which was part of

neg: Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe Gaositwe Keagakwa Tibe Chiepe (born 20 October 1922) is a former Botswana politician and diplomat with the Botswana Democratic Party. Chiepe was born in what was then the Bechuanaland Protectorate on 20 October 1922. She attended primary school in Serowe and eventually went to Tiger Kloof Educational Institute, South Africa for secondary education. She then attended Fort Hare University, also in South Africa, where she received a Bachelor of Science as well as a degree in education. In 1958, she graduated from the University of Bristol in the UK with a master's degree. Her thesis was

neg: Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe 1999, she was the minister of education. Chiepe retired from government life in 1999 after nearly 30 years of high level positions. Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe Gaositwe Keagakwa Tibe Chiepe (born 20 October 1922) is a former Botswana politician and diplomat with the Botswana Democratic Party. Chiepe was born in what was then the Bechuanaland Protectorate on 20 October 1922. She attended primary school in Serowe and eventually went to Tiger Kloof Educational Institute, South Africa for secondary education. She then attended Fort Hare University, also in South Africa, where she received a Bachelor of Science as well as a

neg: Bura Sign Language and large sign space characteristic of indigenous West African sign languages. Many of the words are similar or identical to those of Adamorobe Sign Language and Nanabin Sign Language of Ghana, and appear to be based on the gestures common to the hearing population across West Africa. These involve conventionalized metaphors such as 'sweat' for "work" and 'sleep' for "next day". Bura Sign Language Bura Sign Language is a village sign language used by the Bura people around the village of Kukurpu, 40 km (25 miles) south-east of Biu, Nigeria, an area with a high degree of congenital deafness. What

neg: Makary, Cameroon Makary, Cameroon Makary is a town in Logone-et-Chari, Far North Region, Cameroon, West Africa. The town is located on the right (east) bank of a distributary of the Chari River in the delta just before it enters Lake Chad. The people are known as Kotoko, and the local language is Mpade, Fulani (Fulfulde) is the trade language. The primary economic activity was and is fishing. Makary was part of the indigenous Sao civilisation that occupied the land south of Lake Chad from about the Sixth Century A.D. going into decline by at least the Fourteenth Century. With the decline of

neg: Ahmed Deedat of Tadkeshwar, Surat, Bombay Presidency, British India in 1918. His father had emigrated to South Africa shortly after his birth. At the age of 9, Deedat left India to join his father in what is now known as Kwazulu-Natal. His mother died only a few months after his departure. Arriving in South Africa, Deedat applied himself with diligence to his studies, overcoming the language barrier and excelling in school, even getting promoted until he completed standard 6. However, due to financial circumstances, he had to quit school and start working by the time he was the age of 16. In

neg: Road Logistics Costing in South Africa and diesel grades if the slate balance is negative (cumulative under recovery) by more than R250,0 million. Road Logistics Costing in South Africa Road logistics costing in South Africa amounts to anything between 7.4% and 12.8% of the South African gross domestic product (GDP) depending on the fluctuations in the annual fuel price. Road logistics consist of any road freight transported on South African primary and secondary roads. Most imports and local freight are carried on primary and secondary roads while most freight carried in the agriculture markets are done on non paved roads. Road logistics cost in South Africa

neg: Road Logistics Costing in South Africa Road Logistics Costing in South Africa Road logistics costing in South Africa amounts to anything between 7.4% and 12.8% of the South African gross domestic product (GDP) depending on the fluctuations in the annual fuel price. Road logistics consist of any road freight transported on South African primary and secondary roads. Most imports and local freight are carried on primary and secondary roads while most freight carried in the agriculture markets are done on non paved roads. Road logistics cost in South Africa account for 50.4% of total logistics cost and is very sensitive to the crude oil price as

neg: Fergal Keane Fergal Keane Fergal Patrick Murphy Keane OBE (born 6 January 1961) is an Irish Foreign correspondent with BBC News, and an author. For some time, Keane was the BBC's correspondent in South Africa. He is the nephew of Irish playwright, novelist and essayist John B. Keane. Born in London, Keane grew up in Dublin and later in Cork. His father was the Listowel-born actor, Éamonn Keane. He attended three primary schools in Dublin: Scoil Bhride, a gaelscoil (Irish-language school), St. Mary's College and Terenure College, and, later, one primary school in Cork, St. Joseph's. In a 1999 interview with the

neg: Una Rooi Una Rooi Katriena |Una Kassie Rooi was one of the last eight speakers of Nuu language, also known as N/uu, n/huki, ‡Khomani, South Africa's last original San language. Ouma |Una Rooi, or Kaitjie as she was affectionately known, was born in 1930 at Tweerivieren (≠aka≠nous), in what is now the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park which straddles the boundary between South Africa and Botswana. She died on 3 March 2012. |Una was the fourth child of |Khuka and Ari Kassie. |Una, her San name, refers to the soft powder puff, made from the ear of a bat-eared fox. The |una is used

neg: Softball South Africa Softball South Africa Softball South Africa (SSA) is the national governing body for softball in South Africa. Softball South Africa is responsible for the promotion and development of softball in South Africa. Softball South Africa is affiliated with the world governing body World Baseball Softball Confederation, and is responsible for the administration of the men's and women's national softball teams. SSA is also affiliated with SASCOC. SSA organises competitions such as National Provincial Championships, and is also responsible for developing softball at all levels from primary and secondary schools, universities and to the elite level. Softball as a sport began

neg: Culture of South Africa film depicts a sub-class of alien refugees forced to live in the slums of Johannesburg in what many saw as a creative allegory for apartheid. The film was a critical and commercial success worldwide, and was nominated for Best Picture at the 82nd Academy Awards. Other notable exceptions are the film "Tsotsi", which won the Academy Award for Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards in 2006 as well as "U-Carmen e-Khayelitsha", which won the Golden Bear at the 2005 Berlin International Film Festival. There is great diversity in music from South Africa. Many black musicians who sang in

neg: South African Sign Language communities in South Africa, including languages used for religious purposes, languages which are important for international trade and communication, and South African Sign Language, as well as Alternative and Augmentative Communication". South African Sign Language is accepted as one of the languages of instruction in the education of Deaf learners. The number of deaf people in South Africa (600,000 deaf and 1.4 million people with hearing loss) does not give an accurate depiction of the number of people who communicate in South African Sign Language. There is currently no estimate for the number of people who communicate in South African

neg: History of South Africa State and the Basotho. The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. In 1836, when Boer V"oortrekkers" (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the

neg: Sub-Saharan Africa Nilo-Saharan languages are concentrated in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers of Central Africa and Southeast Africa. They are principally spoken by Nilotic peoples and are also spoken in Sudan among the Fur, Masalit, Nubian and Zaghawa peoples and in West and Central Africa among the Songhai, Zarma and Kanuri. The Old Nubian language is also a member of this family. Major languages of Africa by region, family and number of primary language speakers in millions: A 2017 archaeogenetic study of prehistoric fossils in Sub-Saharan Africa observed a wide-ranging early presence of Khoisan populations in the region.

neg: Auf Achse (TV series) they remain what they are—truckers, even if they are their own bosses. Over the series lifetime, the truckers traveled to most European countries, north Africa, the Republic of South Africa, Turkey, Mexico, and east Asia. Early in the series, when the action was set in a foreign country, the actors spoke their own language and no subtitles were provided, so that the viewer would experience the same communication problems as Franz and Günther. However, the series did not keep up this gimmick, especially not with the Namibia/South Africa episodes and the first two Mexico episodes. As indicated by its long

neg: Mpho Tshivhase black South African woman to receive a PhD in philosophy, Tshivhase was celebrated and the Independent Online described her achievements as "pioneering." Tshivhase's achievement also opened discussions on the sociology of race and ethnic relations in South Africa. A primary question in Tshivase's research is whether uniqueness is an element of personal development that is worth pursuing at the expense of other things. Her overarching research concern aims to delineate what uniqueness amongst persons is and how humans relate to the concept of uniqueness. Mpho Tshivhase Mpho Tshivhase is a South African philosopher who teaches at the University of Pretoria.

neg: Xhosa language Xhosa language Xhosa () or isiXhosa ( ) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants ("Xhosa" begins with a click) and is one of the official languages of South Africa. It is also an official language of Zimbabwe. "Xhosa is spoken as a first language by 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province. Total number of users in all countries is 19.2 million (Ethnologue)". Like most other Bantu languages, Xhosa is a tonal language; the same sequence of consonants and vowels can have different meanings, depending on

neg: History of deaf education in Africa History of deaf education in Africa Prior to 1956, the only deaf schools in Africa were in Egypt and South Africa. Andrew Foster brought American Sign Language (ASL), and deaf schools to Africa in 1956. After Andrew Foster's death in 1986, deaf schools have continued to vary and spread across Africa. Deaf education was first introduced by Andrew Foster in 1957, there was no deaf education or organizations prior to that. Andrew Foster introduced Ghanaian Sign Language, a variety of American Sign Language. Ghanaian Sign Language is the national sign language of deaf people in Ghana. However Ghanaian Sign Language

neg: Southeast Africa Southeast Africa Southeast Africa or Southeastern Africa is an African region that is intermediate between East Africa and Southern Africa. It comprises the countries Botswana, Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe in the mainland, with the island-nation of Madagascar also included. People include the San people. The Swahili language is spoken here, both as an official language and "lingua franca" by millions of people. Lake Malawi and Limpopo River are located here. It is considered that approximately 3,000 years ago, Bantu peoples arrived in this area from what is now Western or Central Africa. In

neg: Khoe languages the languages of Botswana. The Khoe languages were the first Khoisan languages known to European colonists and are famous for their clicks, though these are not as extensive as in other Khoisan language families. There are two primary branches of the family, "Khoekhoe" of Namibia and South Africa, and "Tshu–Khwe" of Botswana and Zimbabwe. Except for Nama, they are under pressure from national or regional languages such as Tswana. Tom Güldemann believes agro-pastoralist people speaking the Khoe–Kwadi proto-language entered modern-day Botswana about 2000 years ago from the northeast (that is, from the direction of the modern Sandawe), where they had

neg: Thomas Chauke Thomas Chauke Thomas Hasani "Shinyori" Chauke (4 February 1952) is a South African Xitsonga musician. Chauke was granted an honorary doctorate in African languages for the role his music has played in the development of the Xitsonga language. Chauke was born in Salema(Saselamani) Village in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. He dropped out of school at primary level to work at a flower firm in Heidelberg, Gauteng, in 1969. He then moved to Alexandra in 1971, where he fixed swimming pools and tennis courts in neighbouring Sandton. While there he met his uncle, who was into mbaqanga music and played

neg: Mokhotlong District Mokhotlong District Mokhotlong district (in Sesotho language "the place of the bald ibis") is a district of Lesotho. It includes the highest terrain in the Maloti Mountains and the source of the Senqu River, Lesotho’s primary watershed. Mokhotlong is the capital or camptown, and only town in the district. Mokhotlong borders on the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, with its north point bordering the Free State Province. Domestically, it borders on Butha-Buthe District in northwest, Leribe District in west, and Thaba-Tseka District in the south. As of 2006, the district had a population of 97,713 which was 5.21 per cent

neg: Barabaig people have been returned to local Barabaig communities, although this land is also under risk of alienation again Barabaig people The Barabaig are a nomadic tribe of the Datooga people based in the northern volcanic highlands near Mount Hanang in Manyara Region, Tanzania, speaking the eponymous dialect of the Datooga language. Their population is about 50,000. The Barabaig are one of the Nilotic peoples who migrated south to East Africa from the Nile Valley in North Africa more than a thousand years ago. They form the largest group among the Tatoga-speaking people. Linguists tell us they entered what is now Kenya

neg: Xhosa language newspapers Xhosa language newspapers This article focuses on the history of 19th century Xhosa language newspapers in South Africa. The first Nguni language newspapers in South Africa were founded in the Eastern Cape during the 19th century. The efforts of the Glasgow Missionary Society and the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society were largely responsible for the beginnings of Xhosa language publishing. Christian missionaries were responsible for the beginning of the movement towards vernacular language publishing in South Africa: the first piece of Xhosa writing was a hymn written in the early 19th century by the prophet Ntsikana. The Bible was translated into

neg: South African Sign Language (SANCD) was transformed into the Deaf Federation of South Africa (DeafSA), which resulted in a radical policy change in matters for deaf people in South Africa, such as the development and adoption of a single sign language and the promotion of sign language over oralism. Schools for the deaf have remained largely untransformed, however, and different schools for deaf children in South African still use different sign language systems, and at a number of schools for the deaf the use of any sign language is either discouraged or simply not taught. There are as many as twelve distinctly different dialects

neg: Congaree people of the Carolinas are likely genetic descendants of the Congaree, among others. Congaree people The Congaree (also spelled Conagree) were a group of Native Americans who lived in what is now central South Carolina of the United States, along the Congaree River. They spoke a dialect distinct from, and not intelligible by, Siouan language speakers, the primary language family of the area (but, on the contrary, according to many opinions, more or less strictly related to Catawban Siouan). Early European observers and later American scholars thought the Congaree were likely of the Siouan language family, given their geographic location and

neg: Congaree people Congaree people The Congaree (also spelled Conagree) were a group of Native Americans who lived in what is now central South Carolina of the United States, along the Congaree River. They spoke a dialect distinct from, and not intelligible by, Siouan language speakers, the primary language family of the area (but, on the contrary, according to many opinions, more or less strictly related to Catawban Siouan). Early European observers and later American scholars thought the Congaree were likely of the Siouan language family, given their geographic location and characteristics of neighboring tribes. Since the late 20th century, scholars more widely

neg: Pan South African Language Board Arts and Culture, Nathi Mthethwa dissolved the entire board of PanSALB, after a report that between 2014 and 2015, the board's administrative expenditure had increased from 8 million to 11 million ZAR, while the expenditure on its mandate dropped to 17 million from 23 million ZAR, while its irregular expenditure was 28 million. Pan South African Language Board The Pan South African Language Board (, abbreviated PanSALB) is an organization in South Africa established to promote multilingualism, to develop the 11 official languages, and to protect language rights in South Africa. The Board was established in Act 59 of 1995

neg: Barabaig people Barabaig people The Barabaig are a nomadic tribe of the Datooga people based in the northern volcanic highlands near Mount Hanang in Manyara Region, Tanzania, speaking the eponymous dialect of the Datooga language. Their population is about 50,000. The Barabaig are one of the Nilotic peoples who migrated south to East Africa from the Nile Valley in North Africa more than a thousand years ago. They form the largest group among the Tatoga-speaking people. Linguists tell us they entered what is now Kenya late in the first millennium AD where they congregated around Mount Elgon up until around 250 years