query: sheets of colored glass joined together with strips of lead is called

pos: Stained glass glass that has been coloured by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The coloured glass is crafted into "stained glass windows" in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the design. The term "stained glass" is also applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln. Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to

pos: Stained glass glass that has been coloured by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The coloured glass is crafted into "stained glass windows" in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the design. The term "stained glass" is also applied to windows in which the colours have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln. Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to

pos: Red Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red colored habitus. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Saint Denis Basilica outside Paris in the early 12th century, he added stained glass windows colored blue cobalt glass and red glass tinted with copper. Together they flooded the basilica with a mystical light. Soon stained glass windows were being added to cathedrals all across France, England and Germany. In medieval painting red was used to attract attention to the most

pos: Leadlight windows that were made of thin sheets of alabaster set in armatures of wood or wrought iron. With the employment of small pieces of glass as the translucent material (rather than alabaster), lead "cames" of H-section were used to hold the glass in place, with the iron armatures being retained as support for larger windows. By the late Middle Ages the profession of domestic leadlighter was common across Europe. Until World War II most towns had a commercial shop producing domestic leadlight. These craftsmen did not refer to their product as "stained glass". The provision of decorative stained glass windows

pos: Willet Hauser Architectural Glass under the name "Laminated Glass". Henry Willet created the first sculptured gold window between 1948-49. When first devised, the sculptured gold overlay was based on leaded stained glass windows. Later, faceted glass set in epoxy resin was used. These glasses, about an inch in thickness, but possibly up to two inches for special effects, contribute great brilliance of color under transmitted daylight. The sheet lead overlay is formed in relief by "repousse" (literally "beaten up from the underside") to give a sculptured effect, and is also incised with slits of varying widths to let the richly colored glass background shine

neg: Gemmail Gemmail Gemmail (French, plural "gemmaux") describes a type of stained glass art developed during the 1930s by French painter Jean Crotti. Translated from French, the word literally means “enamel gem.” It differs from traditional stained glass techniques in that the individual pieces of colored glass are not joined by lead came, but overlapped and glued together with a clear substance. Pablo Picasso is said to have hailed gemmail as a new art form. Inside the Basilica of St. Pius X of Lourdes Bernadette Soubirous's Way of Light, based on sketches by René Margotton, depicts the eighteen apparitions together with scenes

neg: Came glasswork is generally done in zinc came, primarily because of its ability to manage the weight of heavy plate glass; whereas beveled glass works made of lead came are much more likely to buckle or sag over time. Copper foil is an easy, versatile alternative to came and is particularly useful for small projects. Using copper foil, the edges of the glass pieces are wrapped with adhesive copper tape and soldered together along the adjacent copper strips. The copper foil technique (commonly called "Tiffany" stained glass, even though there is a debate about whether John La Farge or Louis Comfort Tiffany

neg: Came cut came strips that are left over. They can be used temporarily in the glasswork process to hold together two pieces of glass to estimate the spacing of the finished project. Came A came is a divider bar used between small pieces of glass to make a larger glazing panel. There are two kinds of came: the H-shaped sections that hold two pieces together and the U-shaped sections that are used for the borders. Cames are mostly made of lead, zinc, copper, brass or brass-capped lead. Of the metal strips, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to

neg: Comic strip as large as 25 inches wide by six inches high. Over decades, the size of daily strips became smaller and smaller, until by 2000, four standard daily strips could fit in an area once occupied by a single daily strip. As strips have become smaller, the number of panels have been reduced. Proof sheets were the means by which syndicates provided newspapers with black-and-white line art for the reproduction of strips (which they arranged to have colored in the case of Sunday strips). Michigan State University Comic Art Collection librarian Randy Scott describes these as "large sheets of paper on

neg: Polyvinyl butyral interlayer becomes optically clear and binds the two panes of glass together. Once sealed together, the glass "sandwich" (i.e., laminate) behaves as a single unit and looks like normal glass. The polymer interlayer of PVB is tough and ductile, so brittle cracks will not pass from one side of the laminate to the other. PVB interlayer can be purchased in colored sheets, such as for the blue or green "shade band" at the top edge of many automobile windshields. PVB interlayers can also be purchased in different colors for architectural laminated glass manufacture ranging from Bronze, Gray, Green, Brown, White

neg: Gemmail from her life. Gemmail Gemmail (French, plural "gemmaux") describes a type of stained glass art developed during the 1930s by French painter Jean Crotti. Translated from French, the word literally means “enamel gem.” It differs from traditional stained glass techniques in that the individual pieces of colored glass are not joined by lead came, but overlapped and glued together with a clear substance. Pablo Picasso is said to have hailed gemmail as a new art form. Inside the Basilica of St. Pius X of Lourdes Bernadette Soubirous's Way of Light, based on sketches by René Margotton, depicts the eighteen apparitions

neg: Kremlin stars only the red rays with a wavelength of no more than .The thickness of the glass in the stars is . The area of a star covered with glass equals . The special three-layered glass sheets (milky white, crystal clear, and ruby) were manufactured by the Gus-Khrustalny glass factory. The ruby layer of the sheets is actually colored by adding colloidal gold to the glass. Machinery that services the Kremlin stars are located inside the towers. Special lifting devices allow for periodic cleaning of the stars inside and out, removing dust and soot. The machines can replace burnt-out lamps within

neg: Gandingan sheets. Recently, galvanized steel sheets have been used by Maguindanaon instrument manufacturers where different parts of the gong (the knob, body and rim) would be made from separate sheets and welded together, then ground out to produce a finished product. Comparatively, these newer gongs have a higher pitch and are smaller in size than those made in older times. The gandingan is usually played while standing behind the instrument with the gandingan player holding two wooden mallets. The mallets, called balu, are wrapped tightly with strips of rubber at one end and are considered lighter and smaller than those balu

neg: Dielectric wall accelerator from sheets of fused silica, only 250 µm thick. After polishing, the sheets are coated with 0.5 µm of chromium and 2.5 µm of gold. About 80 layers of the sheets are stacked together, and then heated in a brazing furnace, where they fuse together. The stacked assembly is then machined into a hollow cylinder. Fused silica is pure transparent quartz glass, a dielectric, which is why the machine is called a "dielectric wall accelerator." A sketch of one of the assembled modules of the accelerator is shown in the patent sketch. The module is about 3 cm long, and

neg: Byzantine enamel Byzantine enamel The craft of cloisonné enameling is a metal and glass-working tradition practiced in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 12th century. The Byzantines perfected an intricate form of vitreous enameling, allowing the illustration of small, detailed, iconographic portraits. The development of the Byzantine enamel art occurred between the 6th and 12th centuries. The Byzantines perfected a form of enameling called cloisonné, where gold strips are soldered to a metal base plate making the outline of an image. The recessed spaces between the gold filigreed wire are then filled with a colored glass paste, or flux, that

neg: Louis Comfort Tiffany foil and soldering the whole together to create his windows and lamps, made possible a level of detail previously unknown. This can be contrasted with the method of painting in enamels or glass paint on colorless glass, and then setting the glass pieces in lead channels, that had been the dominant method of creating stained glass for hundreds of years in Europe. The First Presbyterian Church building of 1905 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is said to be unique in that it uses Tiffany windows that partially make use of painted glass. Use of the colored glass itself to create stained glass

neg: Lampworking neon signs, and many US lampworkers used it in making blown work. Some colored glass tubing that was also used in the neon industry was used to make small colored blown work, and colored glass rod, of compatible lead and soda-lime glasses, was used to ornament both clear and colored tubing. The use of soft glass tubing has been fading due, somewhat, to environmental concerns and health risks, but mainly due to the adoption of borosilicate glass by most lampworkers, especially since colored glasses compatible with clear borosilicate were developed. Soft glass is sometimes useful because it melts at lower

neg: Gothic architecture windows of churches in the late Gothic period, such as Sainte Chapelle in Paris, filled the entire wall between the ribs of stone. Enormous windows were also an important element of York Minster and Gloucester Cathedral. The main threat to cathedral windows was the wind; frames had to be extremely strong. The early windows were fit into openings cut into the stone. The small pieces of colored glass were joined together with pieces of lead, and then their surfaces were painted with faces and other details. and then the windows were mounted in the stone frames. Thin vertical and horizontal

neg: Resistive touchscreen Resistive touchscreen In electrical engineering, a resistive touchscreen is a touch-sensitive computer display composed of two flexible sheets coated with a resistive material and separated by an air gap or microdots. There are two different types of metallic layers. The first type is called "matrix", in which striped electrodes on substrates such as glass or plastic face each other. The second type is called "analogue" which consists of transparent electrodes without any patterning facing each other. As of 2011 analogue offered lowered production costs. When contact is made to the surface of the touchscreen, the two sheets are pressed together.

neg: Casement window Casement window A casement is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows, and ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers. In the United Kingdom, casement windows were common before the sash window was introduced, and usually metal with leaded glass—glass panes held in place with strips of lead (called

neg: Doberan Minster in the 13th century. During the glass making process various pigments from natural resources, for example earths, salts or metal-oxides were added to the colourless heated glass to achieve unique colour schemes. The coloured glass sections were then held together with strips of lead. Then the ornamental motives were painted. Despite early Cistercian rules stressing simplicity, the entire abbey church was completely fitted with coloured windows during the 14th century. Depicted are John the Baptist, Virgin Mary with the Christ child in Bethlehem, John the Evangelist and beneath him Duchess Anastasia von Mecklenburg (died 1317), who sponsored a window for

neg: Paste-up pair Paste-up pair The production of the first coil stamps, dating in the United States from 1908, began with the flat-plate-press printing of normal stamp sheets which contained the standard 400 images. The sheets were then gummed, perforated in one direction only, and cut in the other direction into twenty strips consisting of twenty stamps apiece. Strips would subsequently be pasted together to produce coils of 500 or 1000 stamps. At each join, the paper from the end of one strip would overlap the beginning of the next (the overlap is termed a "paste-up tab"). A pair of stamps that straddles

neg: Preciosa (corporation) has a range of colored glass and leadless crystalline glass. Preciosa is the main shareholder of the Czech football club FC Slovan Liberec. Preciosa was an official national partner of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 and designed and made crystal trophies received by winners together with medals. Preciosa (corporation) Preciosa is the luxury brand name for the range of precision-cut lead crystal glass and related products produced by Preciosa a.s. of Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic. The history of glassmaking in Jablonec region has been written since the 14th century. In 1711 the Fisher brothers brought the secrets

neg: York Minster on the architectural recording of the building from the 1970s. York as a whole, and particularly the minster, have a long tradition of creating beautiful stained glass. Some of the stained glass in York Minster dates back to the 12th century. The Minster's records show that much of the glass (white or coloured) came from Germany. Upon arrival at York, it was intricately painted, fired, then glazed together with lead strips (came) into the windows. The tall and wide Great East Window was created by John Thornton in the early 15th century; he was paid £66 for the work. This

neg: Came Came A came is a divider bar used between small pieces of glass to make a larger glazing panel. There are two kinds of came: the H-shaped sections that hold two pieces together and the U-shaped sections that are used for the borders. Cames are mostly made of lead, zinc, copper, brass or brass-capped lead. Of the metal strips, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to cut and bend. The harder metals are used to work with slightly curved lines and pieces that require greater structural support. They can also be used as border came, once again

neg:
Hermann von Münster French: CI DEVANT GIST
 MAISTRE HARMAN LI VALRIER
 DE MUNSTERE AN WAILTEFALLE,
 ET FIST LE GRANT OZ DE CEANS,
 QUI MORUT LE JOR DE LA NOSTRE DAME
 EN MARS M.CCC.IIIIXX et XII.
 The only information known about Herman von Münster concerns of the cathedral of Metz, in particular the large western window of the nave of Metz. To assemble the window, pieces of colored and painted glass were first laid out on the design board, with the edges of each piece fitted into H-shaped strips of lead. Then, these cames were soldered to one another. When a panel was completed,

neg: Lee Ufan takes Lee about a month to finish a painting, on canvases that typically measure about 60 by 90 inches, although they can vary in size from a few inches to 10 feet per side. He completes no more than 25 works a year. Lee's sculptures, presenting dispersed arrangements of stones together with industrial materials like steel plates, rubber sheets, and glass panes, recast the discrete object as a network of relations based on parity between the viewer, materials, and site. In his sculptural series "Relatum", each work consists of one or more light-colored round stones and dark, rectangular iron plates.

neg: Southport State High School Buildings (former locker room). The interior masonry walls are rendered and the flat-sheeted ceilings have cover strips. The first floor contains five classrooms and a staff room (former temporary Principal's office), separated by fixed partitions; doors at the southern end connect the three eastern classrooms. The walls and ceilings are lined with flat aluminium sheets, with metal cover strips. Block B retains some early framed, ledged glass-topped doors, with louvred fanlights, along the ground floor verandah. Wall returns at the eastern verandah ends indicate the locations of former hat rooms. Block E is a Hawksley "type F amended", and the upper

neg: GreenSun Energy GreenSun Energy GreenSun Energy is a Jerusalem-based Israeli company that has developed a new process for producing electricity from solar energy. As The Economist points out, solar energy is a logical development since "Israel is a country with plenty of sunshine, lots of sand and quite a few clever physicists and chemists." Traditional photovoltaic cells are made from thin sheets of silicon covered by glass plates. In the GreenSun process, it is only the outer edges of the glass plates that are covered by thin strips of silicon. The physicists and chemists at GreenSun, led by Renata Reisfeld, coat the

neg: Magic lantern were mounted in wood frames with a round or square opening for the picture. After 1820 the manufacturing of hand colored printed slides started, often making use of decalcomania transfers. Many manufactured slides were produced on strips of glass with several pictures on them and rimmed with a strip of glued paper. The first photographic lantern slides, called "Hyalotypes", were invented by the German-born brothers Ernst Wilhelm (William) and Friedrich (Frederick) Langenheim in 1848 in Philadelphia and patented in 1850. Apart from sunlight, the only light sources available at the time of invention in the 17th century were candles and

neg: GreenSun Energy or walls of buildings into electricity-generating photovoltaic panels. GreenSun Energy GreenSun Energy is a Jerusalem-based Israeli company that has developed a new process for producing electricity from solar energy. As The Economist points out, solar energy is a logical development since "Israel is a country with plenty of sunshine, lots of sand and quite a few clever physicists and chemists." Traditional photovoltaic cells are made from thin sheets of silicon covered by glass plates. In the GreenSun process, it is only the outer edges of the glass plates that are covered by thin strips of silicon. The physicists and chemists

neg: Coil stamp were prone to tearing and jamming, and soon the companies began to request imperforate sheets from the post office, cutting those into strips and punching holes of various shapes between each stamp. A variety of these "private coils" is known, some quite rare. The first US government-produced coils appeared in 1908, produced by pasting together enough imperforate sheets to make rolls of 500 or 1,000 stamps, cutting them into strips and perforating between. The 1-cent, 2-cent and 5-cent values in the Series of 1902 (Second Bureau Issue) were produced in coil versions, but relatively few copies exist because in late

neg: Leadlight of the traditional technical skills, an awareness of design trends and original creative artistry. A commercially produced product, often referred to as "stained glass" or "leadlight", is made of single sheets of glass with self-adhesive lead placed on both sides to replicate lead cames, and either a film or stain placed on the surface to replicate coloured glass. This product has wide domestic application and may be mistaken for genuine stained glass or leadlight. Another method now available is the use of coloured resins that are floated onto the glass, with the different colours divided by a line of resin

neg: Munich-style stained glass Munich-style stained glass Munich-style stained glass was produced in the Royal Bavarian Stained Glass Manufactory, Munich, in the mid-19th century. King Ludwig I, opened the glassworks in 1827 which continued production of high quality glass until the early 20th century. Franz Xaver Zettler headed the operation for much of this time. Together with his major competitor, Franz Mayer of the Royal Art Institute, these stained-glass artists developed the so-called "Munich style" of expert painting on relatively large glass panels (as opposed to the medieval technique of smaller pieces of colored glass held in a leaded framework, later adapted and modified

neg: Beehive of the coil of straw was controlled using a ring of leather or piece of cows horn called a "girth" and the coils of straw could be sewn together using strips of briar. Likenesses of skeps can be found in paintings, carvings and old manuscripts. The skep is often used on signs as an indication of industry ("the busy bee"). In the late 18th century, more complex skeps appeared with wooden tops with holes in them over which glass jars were placed. The comb was built in the glass jars, making the designs commercially attractive. In the eastern United States,

neg: Moss agate glass about its manufacture: "A gather of soda glass was cased in lead glass, coated in powdered colored glass and again cased in lead glass, which was injected with water to cause the soda glass to crack. After the water was emptied out it was reheated to leave a crackled network." Moss agate glass Moss Agate glass is a rare type of art glass developed in 1888 at the noted glasshouse Stevens & Williams by glassmaker John Northwood, with the assistance of Will Bridges, then manager of the firm. It was the most sophisticated type of a variety of glass often

neg: Glass be used for the production of green bottles. Sulfur, together with carbon and iron salts, is used to form iron polysulfides and produce amber glass ranging from yellowish to almost black. A glass melt can also acquire an amber color from a reducing combustion atmosphere. Manganese dioxide can be added in small amounts to remove the green tint given by iron(II) oxide. Art glass and studio glass pieces are colored using closely guarded recipes that involve specific combinations of metal oxides, melting temperatures and "cook" times. Most colored glass used in the art market is manufactured in volume by vendors

neg: Neon sign into individual custom designed and fabricated lamps. Tubing in external diameters ranging from about 8–15 mm with a 1 mm wall thickness is most commonly used, although 6 mm tubing is now commercially available in colored glass tubes. The tube is heated in sections using several types of burners that are selected according to the amount of glass to be heated for each bend. These burners include ribbon, cannon, or crossfires, as well as a variety of gas torches. Ribbon burners are strips of fire that make the gradual bends, while crossfires are used to make sharp bends. The interior

neg: Rice paper like a thicker version of a cricket bat. The fibres are beaten for about half an hour, or until all the fibres have been separated and no longer resemble strips of bark. The prepared fibre can now be made into sheets of paper. A viscous substance called formation aid is added to the vat with the fibre and water. Formation aid is polyethylene oxide, and it helps slow the flow of water, which gives the paper-maker more time to form sheets. Sheets are formed with multiple thin layers of fibre, one on top of another. Edible rice paper is used

neg: Lead glass glass, the former when struck absorbs more energy. This causes the lead crystal to oscillate, thereby producing its characteristic sound. Lead also increases the solubility of tin, copper, and antimony, leading to its use in colored enamels and glazes. The low viscosity of lead glass melt is the reason for typically high lead oxide content in the glass solders. The presence of lead is used in glasses absorbing gamma radiation and X-rays, used in radiation shielding (e.g. in cathode ray tubes, where lowering the exposure of the viewer to soft X-rays is of concern). The high ionic radius of the

neg: Caneworking After cooling, it is broken into sections usually from four to six inches long, which can then be used in making more complex canes or in other glassblowing techniques. The simplest cane, called "vetro a fili " (glass with threads) is clear glass with one or more threads of colored (often white) glass running its length. It is commonly made by heating and shaping a chunk of clear, white, or colored glass on the end of a punty, and then ‘’gathering’’ molten clear glass over the color by dipping the punty in a furnace containing the clear glass. After the

neg: Shuanggudui who looted the tomb in the late second century CE took the bamboo strips out of the lacquered bamboo hamper in which they had been placed and left the strips on the ground of the coffin chamber. The chamber itself later collapsed, breaking the strips, and muddy water covered the strips, eventually turning them into "paper-thin sheets, fused together into clumps by ground pressure." The largest of the three clumps was about long by wide and high. To complicate matters, the 1977 excavation took place under a heavy rainstorm, and the pump that the excavators used to remove mud from

neg: Strozzapreti serve this pasta which had later earned the name "Strozzapreti." The dough (see some regional variations below) is rolled out in thick flat sheets. It is then cut into strips. The strips are lightly rolled or twisted between the palms. The large pasta is separated into 10 cm pieces by pinching. Unlike spaghetti or macaroni, this pasta is not uniform in size or shape. The dough traditionally used for strozzapreti in Romagna is made with wheat flour, water, salt, and (optionally) eggs. In Emilia the dough is made from flour, water, Parmesan cheese, and egg whites, all beaten together. Pici

neg: Glass processing and satisfying corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistance of glass can be increased by dealkalization, removal of the alkali ions from the glass surface by reaction with sulfur or fluorine compounds. Presence of alkaline metal ions has also detrimental effect to the loss tangent of the glass, and to its electrical resistance; glass manufactured for electronics (sealing, vacuum tubes, lamps ...) have to take this in account. Addition of lead(II) oxide lowers melting point, lowers viscosity of the melt, and increases refractive index. Lead oxide also facilitates solubility of other metal oxides and is used in colored glass. The viscosity decrease

neg: Australian Holographics varieties of commercially available oils, and to the surprise of the holographers concerned, none could surpass the efficacy of this product. The function of the oil inside the camera was to act as an agent to cause the camera to flatten the film between the two glass surfaces. As the oil slowly seeped out between the film's surface and the two glass sheets the natural viscosity of the oil maintained an ultra-thin but cohesive layer that had the effect of gradually pulling the two glass sheets together with a level of force sufficient to flatten the film to within the

neg: Bulletproof glass flattens the bullet, and the plastic deforms, with the aim of absorbing the rest of the energy and preventing penetration. The ability of the polycarbonate layer to stop projectiles with varying energy is directly proportional to its thickness, and bulletproof glass of this design may be up to 3.5 inches thick. Laminated glass layers are built from glass sheets bonded together with polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, Sentryglas or ethylene-vinyl acetate. When treated with chemical processes, the glass becomes much stronger. This design has been in regular use on combat vehicles since World War II. It is typically thick and is usually

neg: Bulldog clip Bulldog clip A bulldog clip is a device for temporarily but firmly binding sheets of paper together. It consists of a rectangular sheet of springy steel curved into a cylinder, with two flat steel strips inserted to form combined handles and jaws. The user presses the two handles together, causing the jaws to open against the force of the spring, then inserts a stack of papers and releases the handles. The spring forces the jaws together, gripping the papers firmly. A Bulldog clip combined with a suitable piece of board makes a clipboard. "BULLDOG" is a registered trademark of Brandsley

neg: Metal roof display the raw zinc finish, or it may be used as a base metal under factory-coated colors. Another metal roofing product comes in a rolled form of various widths of so-called standing seam metal. The material is "seamed" together using a special roof seaming machine that is run vertically up the panel to seal the joints and prevent water intrusion. Metal tile sheets can also be employed. These are usually painted or stone-coated steel. Stone coated steel roofing panels are made from zinc/aluminium-coated steel with an acrylic gel coating. The stones are usually a natural product with a colored ceramic

neg: Glass coloring and color marking Glass coloring and color marking Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained by 1) addition of "coloring ions", by 2) precipitation of nanometer sized colloides (so-called "striking glasses" such as "gold ruby" or red "selenium ruby"), 3) by "colored inclusions" (as in milk glass and smoked glass), 4) by "light scattering" (as in phase separated glass), 5) by "dichroic coatings" (see dichroic glass), or 6) by "colored coatings". Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron oxide impurities produce a green tint which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the

neg: Grangehill chamfered timber verandah posts, and a rendered masonry base. The ground floor has an arched boarded timber valance with timber lattice panels above, which have been covered over with weatherboard, and the second floor has a raked ceiling lined with hardboard sheets with timber cover strips. The first floor of the southeast verandah has been enclosed with glass louvres. The central entry projects slightly from the verandah and has paired corner posts, a timber arch to the ground floor, and sandstone steps, and was originally surmounted by a pediment which is no longer extant. The ground floor verandah walls are

neg: Goldbeater's skin the material for the internal gas bags of the "Zeppelin" rigid airships, exhausting the available supply: about 200,000 sheets were used for a typical World War I Zeppelin, while the USS "Shenandoah" needed 750,000 sheets. The sheets were joined together and folded into impermeable layers. Goldbeater's skin (sometimes also called "fish skin" in this context) is sometimes also used to seal oboe reeds to prevent them from leaking air. The goldbeater's skin test is used to assess the tanning properties of a compound. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goldbeater's skin was also used as a material for condoms.. Goldbeater's

neg: Liangfen were formerly also used. The starch is boiled with water and the resulting sheets are then cut into thick strips. "Liangfen" is generally served cold. The "liangfen" strips are tossed with seasonings including soy sauce, vinegar, sesame paste, crushed garlic, julienned carrot, and chili oil. In Lanzhou it is often served stir fried. In Sichuan, a spicy dish called Chuanbei Liangfen is particularly popular (see photo above). Similar foods include the Korean "muk" made with chestnut starch and Japanese konnyaku jelly . "Jidou liangfen", a similar dish from the Yunnan province of southwest China, is made from chick peas rather

neg: Glass Pavilion colored glass walls were mosaic. All this had the effect of a large crystal producing a large variety of colors. The frieze of the Glass Pavilion was written with aphoristic poems of glass done by the anarcho-socialist writer Paul Scheerbart. Examples of these were "Colored glass destroys hatred" and "Without a glass palace, life is a conviction". Scheerbart's ideas also inspired the ritualistic composition of the interior. For Scheerbart, bringing in the light of the moon and the stars brought in different positive feelings which led to a whole new culture. Paul Scheerbart in 1914 published a book called "Glasarchitektur"

neg: Larry Bell (artist) which stands for "elipse insert", is one of several series of Bell's vapor drawings. Bell describes the advantages of this process and medium: The mirage pieces, on the other hand, are collages constructed out of pieces of coated materials that are then arranged and laminated. As Bell says, "I colored sheets of various paper materials, strips of PET film, and laminate film. Then I fused them to canvases and stretched them. Tapestries of woven light differentials resulted." Bell was the recipient of the 1990 New Mexico Governor's Awards for Excellence in the Arts. In the early 1990s, Bell was using

neg: Cladophora speciality is dry khai with sesame (kaipen), while Vang Vieng is famous for its roasted kháy sheets. They can be eaten in strips as an appetizer, with a meal or as a snack with Beer Lao. Luang Prabang kháy sheets kaipen are the most readily available form of Mekong weed and are famous throughout the country and in the neighbouring Isaan, though difficult to find beyond Vientiane. Mekong weed can also be eaten raw, in soups, or cooked as in a Lao "amok" preparation called ຫມົກໄຄ . The genus "Cladophora" is cosmopolitan and accordingly infestations cannot often be regarded logically

neg: History of construction roof truss(s) of the Pantheon's portico which was commissioned between 27 BC and 14 AD. The bronze trusses were unique but in 1625 Pope Urban VIII had the trusses replaced with wood and melted the bronze down for other uses. The Romans also made bronze roof tiles Lead was used for roof covering material and water supply and waste pipes. The Latin name for lead is "plumbum" thus "plumbing". Romans also made use of glass in construction with colored glass in mosaics and clear glass for windows. Glass came to be fairly commonly used in windows of public buildings. Central

neg: Lead sheet while the rest of the group improvises an appropriate accompaniment based on the chord progression given in the chord symbols, followed by an improvised solo also based on the chord progression. Similarly, a sufficiently skilled jazz pianist should be able to accompany a singer and perform a song by her or himself using only a lead sheet. Lead sheets are also called fake sheets and collections of lead sheets are called "fakebooks". The melody, lyrics, and harmony define what a song is. In the music industry and entertainment law, a lead sheet is the document used to describe a song

neg: Sabine Hornig elementary school building at Pfeuferstraße 1, in Munich’s Sendling district. The project features silkscreen printed with transparent colors on safety glass. Brightly colored balloons, bookshelves, and seemingly billowing white sheets appear on the façade of the urban school. The silkscreened images are visible from inside the glass façade and outside of it. In certain works that incorporate architectural elements, she simplifies and omits details like door handles and adjusts an item’s scale in order to transform a recognizable object into a sculpture. Windows are another common motif in Hornig’s art, appearing in major installations like her 2003 work at MoMA

neg: Art glass "Blown glass" refers only to individually hand-made items but can include the use of moulds for shaping, ribbing, and spiking to produce decorative bubbles. Glass blown articles must be made of compatible glass or the stress in the piece will cause a failure. Kiln formed glass is usually referred to as warm glass, and can be either made up from a single piece of glass that is slumped into or over a mould or different colours and sheets of glass fused together. The process of hot glass is highly scientific in that the types of glass and temperatures that they

neg: Came glasswork Came glasswork Came glasswork is the process of joining cut pieces of art glass through the use of came strips or foil into picturesque designs in a framework of soldered metal. Final products include a wide range of glasswork, including stained glass and lead light pieces. Came is made of different metals, such as lead, zinc, brass and copper. The metal came selected generally depends upon the size, complexity and weight of the project. As an alternative to came, copper foil may be used, for small, intricate pieces. Came glasswork includes assembling pieces of cut and possibly painted glass using

neg: Lead glass workers. Imitating lead-crystal "à la façon d’Angleterre" presented technical difficulties, as the best results were obtained with covered pots in a coal-fired furnace, a particularly English process requiring specialised cone-furnaces. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, lead-crystal glass was being produced in France, Hungary, Germany, and Norway. By 1800, Irish lead crystal had overtaken lime-potash glasses on the Continent, and traditional glassmaking centres in Bohemia began to focus on colored glasses rather than compete directly against it. The development of lead glass continued through the twentieth century, when in 1932 scientists at the Corning Glassworks, New York State, developed

neg: Color photography and somewhat more economical alternative was the Joly Screen process. This required no special camera or viewer, just a special color-compensating filter for the camera lens and a special holder for the photographic plates. The holder contained the heart of the system: a clear glass plate on which very fine lines of three colors had been ruled in a regular repeating pattern, completely covering its surface. The idea was that instead of taking three separate complete photographs through three colored filters, the filters could be in the form of a large number of very narrow strips (the colored lines) allowing

neg: Holmium(III) oxide Holmium(III) oxide Holmium(III) oxide, or holmium oxide is a chemical compound of a rare-earth element holmium and oxygen with the formula HoO. Together with dysprosium(III) oxide (DyO) holmium oxide is one of the most powerfully paramagnetic substances known. The oxide, also called holmia, occurs as a component of the related erbium oxide mineral called erbia. Typically the oxides of the trivalent lanthanides coexist in nature and separation of these components requires specialized methods. Holmium oxide is used in making specialty colored glasses. Glass containing holmium oxide and holmium oxide solutions have a series of sharp optical absorption peaks in the

neg: Margaret Redmond window, a glass medallion, under Connick's guidance. Redmond later joined Connick's studio, working on her own stained glass commissions from 1917 to 1920. "Redmond painted and fired her glass in a traditional manner, piecing together bright mosaics of glass and lead and eschewing the opalescent plated glass favored by artistans such as La Farge and Whitman. The two methods, which had been described and debated in the art press for many years, were still defined as 'English' and 'American', and Redmond, unlike Whitman, stood staunchly with the English". Redmond selected English glass for all her work, mostly antique and slab

neg: Magnetoencephalography high-permeability ferromagnetic layer, similar in composition to molybdenum permalloy. The ferromagnetic layer is supplied as 1 mm sheets, while the innermost layer is composed of four sheets in close contact, and the outer two layers are composed of three sheets each. Magnetic continuity is maintained by overlay strips. Insulating washers are used in the screw assemblies to ensure that each main layer is electrically isolated. This helps eliminate radio frequency radiation, which would degrade SQUID performance. Electrical continuity of the aluminium is also maintained by aluminium overlay strips to ensure AC eddy current shielding, which is important at frequencies greater

neg: Paris in the Middle Ages of the French Kings in the Abbey of Saint-Denis. The sculptor Jean de Liège, from Flanders, sculpted images of Charles V and Jeanne de Bourbon for the château of the Louvre, as well as several tombs for members of the royal family at Saint Denis. Stained glass, or "vitrail", the use of small plaques of colored glass joined by lead to depict historic events and figures, was not invented in Paris. It was recorded in texts in other parts of Europe in the late 9th century, but in Paris of the 12th and 13th centuries, it reached new heights of

neg: Jewish wedding hanging sheets of colored, patterned cloth, replete with wall cushions and short-length mattresses for reclining. Their marriage is consummated when they have been left together alone in this room. This ancient practice finds expression in the writings of Isaac ben Abba Mari (c. 1122 – c. 1193), author of "Sefer ha-'Ittur", concerning the Benediction of the Bridegroom: "Now the "chuppah" is when her father delivers her onto her husband, bringing her into that house wherein is some new innovation, such as the sheets… surrounding the walls, etc. For we recite in the Jerusalem Talmud, "Sotah" 46a ("Sotah" 9:15), 'Those bridal

neg: Mercantile Continental Building Forest City developed 180 units and of retail which it opened in early 2013. Because the deal included federal housing loans, 20 percent of the units were set aside for low-income residents. During the building's expansion in 1959 R.L. Thornton, one-time president of Mercantile National Bank (and later Mayor of Dallas) commissioned a -high mosaic sculpture for the building by acclaimed California artist Millard Sheets. The sculpture includes a cowboy, Native Americans, horses and wild animals made of carved stone and brightly colored Italian glass mosaic tiles and 22-karat gold ornamentation. Sheets also designed several mosaics for the Mercantile National

neg: Cobalt glass cobalt oxide together with quartz and potassium carbonate. The result was an intensive blue glass-like substance that was ground and sold to producers of glassware and porcelain. "Smalt", Bruno Mühlethaler and Jean Thissen, "Studies in Conservation", Vol. 14, No. 2 (May, 1969), pp. 47–61, JSTOR Cobalt glass Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue colored glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt. Cobalt is a very intense glass colorant and very little is required to show a noticeable amount of color. Cobalt blue glass is

neg: Wilhelmina Geddes in the "Arts and Crafts Society of Ireland's "fourth exhibition. For this exhinition, Geddes contributed a glowingly colored, illustration of the book "Cinderella Dressing the Ugly Sister" "(Dublin City Gallery)", which she had created. It was at this exhibition that Geddes' work was spotted by Sarah Purser, a well established painter, seeking newly trained students, to introduce to stained glass artistry. Purser, who eventually went on to be Geddes' lifelong mentor, invited the young Geddes to join her in Dublin, working under the established stained glass artist William Orpen. Geddes joined Purser at the acclaimed stained glass workshop called An

neg: Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq in the middle, rising to the top of the façade, crowned with four pillars. On top of the façade has four windows. The lower part of the window is rectangular shaped and topped with a marble frame, filled with iron sheets. The upper part of the window is filled with stucco stained with colored glass. The complex has a sahn (open-courtyard) surrounded by four iwans. Each iwan is dedicated to the each of maddhabs, and contains madrasa which situated around the sahn and the burial place. Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Barquq or Mosque-Madrassa-Khanqah of Az-Zaher Barquq ()

neg: Venetian glass the layering of colored liquid glass, heated to , which is then stretched into long rods called canes. When cooled, these canes are then sliced in cross-sections, which reveals the layered pattern. Ercole Barovier, a descendent of Murano's greatest glassmaker Angelo Barovier, won numerous awards during the 1940s and 1950s for his innovations using the murrine technique. "Sommerso" ("submerged" in Italian), is a form of artistic Murano glass that has layers of contrasting colors (typically two), which are formed by dipping colored glass into another molten glass and then blowing the combination into a desired shape. The outermost layer, or

neg: S. Donald Stookey for Gorilla Glass, used in iPhones and other LCD screens. Stookey also developed photochromic glass. Photochromic glass is a glass that is used to make ophthalmic lenses that darken in bright light. These lenses were first available to consumers in the 1960s as sunglasses made by Corning Glass Works. It was a joint discovery and development of Stookey with William Armistead. Stookey also invented photosensitive glass using gold in which permanent colored photographs can be produced. Stookey retired from Corning Glass Works in 1987 after a career of 47 years. Together he and his wife raised three children named Robert,

neg: Conservation and restoration of film cut after processing into strips or single images. Includes 35 mm, still-camera negatives, 120 and 220 size roll films and slide (transparency) films. Can be nitrate, acetate, or polyester. Found in short rolls and may be cut after processing into strips or single images. Includes 35 mm, still-camera negatives, 120 and 220 size roll films and slide (transparency) films. Can be nitrate, acetate, or polyester. Roll film with a ferromagnetic coating. Seen on rolls or reels and a variety of gauges. Can be acetate or polyester. Sheets or roll film in sizes of 4x5, 8x10, and 10x10; can splice together

neg: Ultra low expansion glass glass. The structure of ULE is completely amorphous; because of this it is a glass, not a ceramic. The amorphous structure of the material comes from there being no crystal phases within the structure, so there is no long range order. The way that ULE is made is very different from the standard way that glass is made. Instead of mixing powdered materials together into a batch, melting that batch and pouring out sheets of glass, ULE, being such a high temperature glass, has to be made in a flame hydrolysis process. In this process high purity precursors are injected

neg: The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist Britain." The blast shattered the glass covering, causing significant damage to the artwork which has since been restored. The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist, sometimes called The Burlington House Cartoon, is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci. The drawing is in charcoal and black and white chalk, on eight sheets of paper glued together. Because of its large size and format the drawing is presumed to be a cartoon for a painting. No painting by Leonardo exists that is based directly on

neg: Wales Millennium Centre by the Architectural Glass Department at Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Glass is not used in the contemporary British architectural style of the glass curtain. Jonathan Adams said, "The glass veins in the external walls of the Wales Millennium Centre make use of conventional glass in a unique way: the sheets of glass are stacked together and fused in a kiln to form solid blocks." Calligraphy Inscribed on the front of the dome, above the main entrance, are two poetic lines, written by Welsh poet Gwyneth Lewis in the Welsh and English languages. The lettering is formed by windows in

neg: LAMILUX Heinrich Strunz Group a production line for glass-fibre reinforced plastics. Rudolf Strunz extended the timber construction business Heinrich Strunz GmbH to a company which is also belonging to the plastic sector and is producing corrugated sheets and roof light domes made of glass fibre reinforced plastics in numerous variations. Lamilux became a nationwide supplier for the building industry. In 1985 Heinrich Strunz became acting partner in the third generation of the family-operated business. The production line for corrugated sheets was converted to a production line for a new composite material called “LAMILUXplan”. In 1990 Lamilux started with the development and construction of continuous

neg: Flashed glass finished piece of flashed glass appears translucent. Flashed glass Flashed glass also known as flash glass is a type of glass. It is created by coating a colorless gather of glass with one or more thin layers of colored glass. This is done by placing a piece of melted glass of one color into another piece of melted glass of a different color and then blowing the glass. The colored glass can be partly or completely etched away (through exposing the piece in acid or sandblasting), resulting in colorless spots where the colored glass is removed. Flashed glass can be

neg: Flashed glass Flashed glass Flashed glass also known as flash glass is a type of glass. It is created by coating a colorless gather of glass with one or more thin layers of colored glass. This is done by placing a piece of melted glass of one color into another piece of melted glass of a different color and then blowing the glass. The colored glass can be partly or completely etched away (through exposing the piece in acid or sandblasting), resulting in colorless spots where the colored glass is removed. Flashed glass can be made from various colors of glass. A

neg: Paul Joseph Stankard into making glass art. In the early 1960s, paperweights made by other Americans showcased brightly colored "crafty" type flowers that were not botanically accurate. Stankard labored to make his glass floral designs look more natural and botanically lifelike. His glass flowers were so real looking that many people mistakenly thought that he had found a way to encase actual flowers in glass. Soon thereafter, paperweight makers (mostly American) were following Stankard's lead. Stankard, who is now an internationally acclaimed artist, is largely credited with changing the status of glass paperweights from that of "craft" to that of "fine art". Among

neg: Glassblowing types of shears, straight shears and diamond shears. Straight shears are essentially bulky scissors, used for making linear cuts. Diamond shears have blades that form a diamond shape when partially open. These are used for cutting off masses of glass. There are many ways to apply patterns and color to blown glass, including rolling molten glass in powdered color or larger pieces of colored glass called frit. Complex patterns with great detail can be created through the use of cane (rods of colored glass) and murrine (rods cut in cross-sections to reveal patterns). These pieces of color can be arranged

neg: Glass mullion system and demolished. Glass mullion system Glass mullion system or glass fin system is a glazing system in which sheets of tempered glass are suspended from special clamps, stabilized by perpendicular stiffeners of tempered glass, and joined by a structural silicone sealant or by metal patch plates. Buildings employing this system include the Rose Center for Earth and Space, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, NASDAQ Marketsite in New York and the Brooklyn Museum of Art. I.M.Pei's National Airlines Sundrome at Terminal 6 of JFK Airport for its use of glass mullions, unprecedented at the time. The airline terminal has since

neg: Glass mullion system Glass mullion system Glass mullion system or glass fin system is a glazing system in which sheets of tempered glass are suspended from special clamps, stabilized by perpendicular stiffeners of tempered glass, and joined by a structural silicone sealant or by metal patch plates. Buildings employing this system include the Rose Center for Earth and Space, Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, NASDAQ Marketsite in New York and the Brooklyn Museum of Art. I.M.Pei's National Airlines Sundrome at Terminal 6 of JFK Airport for its use of glass mullions, unprecedented at the time. The airline terminal has since been closed

neg: Paperweight in the mid-twentieth century. Decorative glass paperweights have a flat or slightly concave base, usually polished but sometimes frosted, cut in one of several variations (e.g. star-cut bases have a multi-pointed star, while a diamond cut base has grooves cut in a criss-cross pattern), although a footed weight has a flange in the base. The ground on which the inner parts rest may be clear or colored, made of unfused sand, or resemble lace (latticinio). The domed top is usually faceted or cut and made of lead glass and may be coated with one or more thin layers of colored

neg: Conservation and restoration of stained glass (Pye 2001, 80). In addition to the most obvious component, glass, all windows will typically involve some sort paint or stain as decoration, metal strips, or 'cames' used to join the pieces of glass together, waterproofing materials, and fixing systems or frameworks used for additional support (Brown et al. 2002; Vogel et al. 2007). The condition of each component is important for the overall preservation of the window, as deterioration within one material can affect the others with varying degrees of severity. The vast majority of stained glass was originally created to function as part of the building envelope, separating

neg: Glass cutter glass cutting. Large sheets of glass are usually cut with a computer-assisted CNC semi-automatic glass cutting table. These sheets are then broken out by hand into the individual sheets of glass (also known as "lites" in the glass industry). Glass cutters are manufactured with wheels of varying diameters. One of the most popular has a diameter of 5.5 mm ( in). The ratio between the arc of the wheel and the pressure applied with the tool has an important bearing on the degree of penetration. Average hand pressure with this size wheel often gives good results. For a duller wheel

neg: United States Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel are filled by triangular aluminum panels, while the tetrahedrons between the spires are filled with a mosaic of colored glass in aluminum frame. The Cadet Chapel itself is high, long, and wide. The front façade, on the south, has a wide granite stairway with steel railings capped by aluminum handrails leading up one story to a landing. At the landing is a band of gold anodized aluminum doors, and gold anodized aluminum sheets apparently covering original windows. The shell of the chapel and surrounding grounds cost $3.5 million to build. Various furnishings, pipe organs, liturgical fittings and adornments of the

neg: Weaponry in Anglo-Saxon England a single blade. To accomplish this, the pieces would either be beaten into thin sheets that were then hammered together as a laminated blade or placed together as thin rods and then welded together. Additionally, some of these blades were constructed using pattern welding. With this method, the iron was beaten into strips, which were twisted together and then forge welded. The twisting removed much surface slag, which could cause weaknesses in the finished blade. Pattern welding also produced patterns in the finished blade, most commonly a herringbone pattern. Such patterns are often referenced in Anglo-Saxon literature—they are described using

neg: Marie-Alain Couturier exhibition changed its name to SAESAM in 1994. Currently it maintains an online presence as a forum for artists to share their work and ideas connected to spirituality. In the art of stained glass a distinction has to be made between the artisan master-glazier and the designer, the "cartoneur", who makes the cardboard maquettes of the artwork. (Special scissors are used on the cardboard that cut away strips corresponding to the "soul" of the leadstrip (H -came) in which the master-glazier assembles the colored glass fragments). Georges Rouault, Henri Matisse, Fernand Léger, Alfred Manessier, Jean Bazaine, Jean Le Moal are

neg: Lampworking sheet or very thick rod now provide rods for lampworking use. Window glass is usually not used, as it is not formulated for flameworking and there is little variation of color available. The most popular glass for lampworking is soda-lime glass, which is available pre-colored. Soda-lime glass is the traditional mix used in blown furnace glass, and lampworking glass rods were originally hand-drawn from the furnace and allowed to cool for use by lampworkers. Today soda-lime, or "soft" glass is manufactured globally, including Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, China and America. In addition to soda lime glass, lampworkers can use lead

neg: Lead–acid battery battery that could be recharged by passing a reverse current through it. Planté's first model consisted of two lead sheets separated by rubber strips and rolled into a spiral. His batteries were first used to power the lights in train carriages while stopped at a station. In 1881, Camille Alphonse Faure invented an improved version that consisted of a lead grid lattice, into which a lead oxide paste was pressed, forming a plate. This design was easier to mass-produce. An early manufacturer (from 1886) of lead–acid batteries was Henri Tudor. This battery uses a gel electrolyte instead of a liquid

neg: Cell casting glass, that have a gasket between them to form a cell to contain the casting liquid; then the resin solidifies, usually through polymerization or crosslinking." - A. Brent Strong Cell casting Cell casting is a method used for creating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets. Liquid monomer is poured between two flat sheets of toughened glass sealed with a rubber gasket and heated for polymerization. Because the glass sheets may contain surface scratches or sag during the process, this traditional method has some disadvantages: among other problems, the PMMA sheets may contain variations in thickness and surface defects. It has since been

neg: Came glasswork for glasswork projects. The traditional method of creating "camework glass" uses lead came, which ages into a dark blue-gray patina. In comparison to other came metal strips, like brass, copper and zinc, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to cut and bend. It's also inexpensive and durable. A downside is that the finished projects may be prone to sagging due to lead's softness. This can be mitigated somewhat by stretching the lead to make it more rigid before it is used. Special precautions should be taken when working with this metal came to avoid to lead contamination.

neg: History of the battery lead anode releases electrons whilst the reaction at the lead dioxide consumes them, thus producing a current. These chemical reactions can be reversed by passing a reverse current through the battery, thereby recharging it. Planté's first model consisted of two lead sheets separated by rubber strips and rolled into a spiral. His batteries were first used to power the lights in train carriages while stopped at a station. In 1881, Camille Alphonse Faure invented an improved version that consisted of a lead grid lattice into which a lead oxide paste was pressed, forming a plate. Multiple plates could be stacked

neg: British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918) generally either large or in multiples so that the light within the building was maximised. The windows were glazed, frequently with coloured glass held in place by strips of lead. Because flat glass could only be manufactured in small pieces, the method of glazing lent itself to patterning. The pictorial representation of biblical characters and narratives was a feature of Christian churches, often taking the form of murals. By the 12th century stained glass was well adapted to serve this purpose. For 500 years the art flourished and adapted to changing architectural styles. The vast majority of English glass was

neg: Flashing (weatherproofing) sprinkle, splash', related to "flask". "Counter-flashing" (or "cover flashing", "cap flashing") is a term used when there are two parallel pieces of flashing employed together such as on a chimney, where the counter-flashing is built into the chimney and overlaps a replaceable piece of "base flashing". Strips of lead used for flashing an edge were sometimes called an "apron", and the term is still used for the piece of flashing below a chimney. The up-hill side of a chimney may have a small gable-like assembly called a cricket with "cricket flashing" or on narrow chimneys with no cricket a "back

neg: Robert Kehlmann to help his understanding: “From the start I felt there was little difference in the experience of reading a poem and that of looking at a painting.” Kehlmann's early “Compositions” are made with traditional lead came and colored glass. Glass forms protrude from the background surface, whimsically frolicking with and redefining underlying blocks of color and lead scribbles. Explaining the absence of transparent glass in these works, he wrote: “I don’t want people looking "through" my windows. What lies behind the compositions, aside from a source of light, has no relevance to my design.” Kehlmann rejected the medium's seductive colors

neg: Don M Stromquist House has the same grid lines reflected in small strips of wood. The house is constructed from salmon colored concrete-blocks, steel beams, glass and Philippine mahogany. Wright drew up plans for the furniture, further unifying the look with a dining room table, the lines of which mirror the grid in the floor, built-in settees, lamp tables and book shelves. Freestanding furniture designed by Wright, included a coffee table and hassocks. Even the fireplace tools, with half-diamond shapes on the handles, were designed by the architect. The main house features three small bedrooms, two granite-clad (an addition Stromquist made after he repurchased

neg: Gaston Planté of two sheets of pure lead, separated by a linen cloth and immersed in a glass jar of sulfuric acid solution. The following year, he presented a nine-cell lead-acid battery to the Academy of Sciences. In 1881, Camille Alphonse Faure would develop a more efficient and reliable model that saw great success in early electric cars. Planté also investigated the differences between static electricity and dynamic electricity (i.e., from batteries). As part of this investigation, Planté invented a mechanical device that he called the Rheostatic Machine. The Rheostatic Machine used a bank of mica capacitors, a clever rotating commutator, and

neg: Klaus Moje as a German folk singer, Moje opened a stained glass studio with Isgard Moje-Wohlgemuth. Moje made his first entry into the glass art world with carved and polished glass sculptures. Although these pieces garnered him quite a bit of attention, he abandoned the cut glass work when he discovered a caché of colourful glass canes that were used to make buttons for the garment industry. Around the year 1975, Moje began cutting the rods into thin wafers or strips and fusing them together in a kiln. The pieces would then be cut again and re-fused to create rhythmic patterns of