query: who is the person who types in court

pos: Court reporter Court reporter A court reporter or court stenographer, also called stenotype operator, shorthand reporter, or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings. Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits. The court reporter in some states is required to be a notary public who is authorized to administer oaths to witnesses, and who certifies that his or

neg: Criminal procedure in South Africa of those types of person whom private persons may arrest without a warrant: As to the question of whether a person who is otherwise entitled to arrest without warrant is obliged to consider whether a less invasive method would suffice to secure the attendance of the accused before court, previously the Appellate Division held that such a person could do so even if there was available a satisfactory but less invasive method of securing attendance. In "S v Tsotsi", the court held that such an arrest is unlawful if its objective is to frighten and harass the arrested person to

neg: South African criminal law appreciate the wrongfulness of certain conduct, and to act in accordance with that appreciation. Intoxication may affect There are four types of intoxication: In "R v Bourke", the accused was charged with rape; he was acquitted as a result of intoxication. The court noted three broad propositions in Roman-Dutch law: The court held that absolute drunkenness is not equivalent to insanity. The essential difference is that the drunk person, as a rule, voluntarily induces his condition, whereas the mentally ill person is the victim of a disease: “It is therefore not unreasonable to consider that the person who voluntarily becomes

neg: Loan modification in the United States that is usually better than continued litigation. Mediation is successful in all types of disputes including personal injury cases, contract disputes and even divorces. However, in these cases, circuit court judges will readily punish a party who fails to attend mediation or who attends but fails to comply with the mediation order. In 2009, the Florida Supreme Court forced every Florida Circuit Court (the courts in which Foreclosure Lawsuits are heard), to implement a mediation program for homeowners facing Foreclosure. This program was called the “Residential Mortgage Foreclosure Mediation” (RMFM) Program. The idea was for lenders to provide an in-person

neg: Jewish history as paradigms for the decline of Jewish tradition and as agents of the sea changes in Jewish culture that led to the collapse of the ghetto. The first of these two social types is the Court Jew who is portrayed as a forerunner of the modern Jew, having achieved integration with and participation in the proto-capitalist economy and court society of central European states such as the Habsburg Empire. In contrast to the cosmopolitan Court Jew, the second social type presented by historians of modern Jewry is the "maskil", (learned person), a proponent of the Haskalah (Enlightenment). This narrative sees

neg: Abuse of process acquire jurisdiction over a person or specific property that is issued under the official seal of a court. Typically, the person who abuses process is interested only in accomplishing some improper purpose that is collateral to the proper object of the process and that offends justice, such as an unjustified arrest or an unfounded criminal prosecution. Subpoenas to testify, attachments of property, executions on property, garnishments, and other provisional remedies are among the types of "process" considered to be capable of abuse. The principles which led to a finding of an abuse of process in the UK were stated in

neg: Cook v. Gates sexual activity that are beyond the reach of that opinion" and that the "Act includes such other types of sexual activity. The Act provides for the separation of a service person who engages in a public homosexual act or who coerces another person to engage in a homosexual act", which are "expressly excluded from the liberty interest recognized by "Lawrence"." Turning to the plaintiffs' as-applied challenges, the Court recognized that the "Act, for example, could cover homosexual conduct occurring off base between two consenting adults in the privacy of their home." They also recognized that they were "reviewing an exercise

neg: BC3 BC3 BC3 is a Paralympic boccia classification. The class is open to people with several different types of disabilities, including cerebral palsy. BC3 players have events open to them in boccia on the Paralympic Games program. In 2008, "BBC Sport" defined this classification was "BC3: For players with a very severe physical disability. Players use an assistive device and may be assisted by a person, who will remain in the player's box but who must keep his/her back to the court and eyes averted from play" In 2008, the "Australian Broadcasting Corporation" defined this classification was "BC3: This category is

neg: Japanese honorifics types of written business correspondence, as well as on certificates and awards, and in written correspondence in tea ceremonies. It is also used to indicate that the person referred to has the same (high) rank as the referrer, yet commands respect from the speaker. is another suffix coming from Japanese history. It was used to denominate Lords and Ladies in the Court, especially during the Heian period. The most famous example is the Prince Hikaru Genji, protagonist of "The Tale of Genji" who was called . Nowadays, this suffix can be used as a metaphor for someone who behaves like

neg: Desk appearance ticket Desk appearance ticket In New York City, a desk appearance ticket (DAT) is an order to appear in the New York City Criminal Court for an arraignment. A person who receives a DAT has been arrested. The DAT is simply one of two alternative means by which a person who is arrested appears for arraignment, or first appearance. A person who receives a DAT is permitted to appear in court on their own on the date indicated on the DAT document. A person who does not receive a DAT is processed through the arrest to arraignment system and is supposed

neg: Litigant in person Tommy Sheridan. An appellant in person is someone who by their own choice, or because their former counsel is criticised and has withdrawn, is conducting their own appeal at a Crown Court or at the Court of Appeal Criminal Division. The number of appellants who choose to do this are exceptionally small, mainly due to the inherent risks involved, appellants who serve a custodial sentence can have part of that sentence ordered to be served again if the court is of the view that the application is without merit. They must also understand highly complex court procedures, prepare detailed legal

neg: Wickedness type of wickedness is moral wickedness. This type of wickedness is types of evil that are acted out by humans and can arguably be preventable. What causes the separation between the two is the response to both types of wickedness. During a natural disaster people tend to be sympathetic to the victims of the destruction. It’s this sympathy to the victims that classifies a natural disaster as a form of wickedness. In contrast, to moral wickedness where people will be sympathetic to the victim of the person who committed the wicked behavior. This distinguishes the person who committed the act

neg: Hajj committing the act enters the Ihram—the holy garb worn during Hajj—they must acknowledge the person who they are representing. Also, when the Ihram is dawned, the Hajj can only be for the single person who they represent and not for themselves. Another qualifications is that the present person must be Muslim and in good standing with the Islamic community. Because there are multiple distinct types of Hajj, the person performing the ceremony in another's place must attend the type which is desired by the unable. Lastly, if the person is still alive, then the performer of the Hajj Badal must

neg: Metzora (parsha) our Rabbis said: for despising the words of the Torah. It was taught in a Baraita that four types of people are accounted as though they were dead: a poor person, a person affected by skin disease (, "metzora"), a blind person, and one who is childless. A poor person is accounted as dead, for says, "for all the men are dead who sought your life" (and the Gemara interpreted this to mean that they had been stricken with poverty). A person affected by skin disease (, "metzora") is accounted as dead, for says, "And Aaron looked upon Miriam, and

neg: Vayetze It was taught in a Baraita that four types of people are accounted as though they were dead: a poor person, a person affected by skin disease (, "metzora"), a blind person, and one who is childless. A poor person is accounted as dead, for says, "for all the men are dead who sought your life" (and the Gemara interpreted this to mean that they had been stricken with poverty). A person affected by skin disease (, "metzora") is accounted as dead, for says, "And Aaron looked upon Miriam, and behold, she was leprous (, "metzora'at"). And Aaron said to

neg: Institutions of the European Union Every three years one of them is elected as the president of the court, who is currently Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira. There are a number of types of legislation which can be passed. The strongest is a regulation, an act or law which is directly applicable in its entirety. Then there are directives which bind members to certain goals which they must achieve. They do this through their own laws and hence have room to manoeuvre in deciding upon them. A decision is an instrument which is focused at a particular person/group and is directly applicable. Institutions may also

neg: Magistrates' Court of Victoria in person and is used for when witnesses cannot travel or the prisoner is deemed too high-risk to travel to court in person. The Magistrates' Court of Victoria hears many different types of cases, such as: Magistrates are appointed by the Attorney General after receiving expressions of interest from Australian lawyers and are appointed as members of the Victims of Crime Assistance Tribunal (VOCAT), which is a separate and independent statutory entity which determines claims for compensation made by victims of crime and their families. Although the current court was established by the "Magistrates' Court Act 1989" (Victoria), Victoria has

neg: Utthalum a person who never appreciates the kindness of his own father, mother, grandfather or grandmother, and accuses the latter before any sort of court. Section 25. Any person who is "utthalum", that is, a person who never appreciates the kindness of his own father, mother, grandfather or grandmother, and accuses the latter before any sort of court, shall be punished with flagellation, in order that such evil deed will not be followed by others. Also, the case brought by him shall never be taken up." Later in the codification of the Civil and Commercial Code, the drafting committee resolved to

neg: Self-incrimination increase the danger that the person making the statement will be accused, charged or prosecuted – even if the statement is true, and even if the person is innocent of any crime. Thus, even a person who is innocent of any crime who testifies truthfully can be incriminated by that testimony. The United States Supreme Court has stated that the Fifth Amendment privilege The U.S. Supreme Court has also stated: Self-incrimination Self-incrimination is the act of exposing oneself generally, by making a statement, "to an accusation or charge of crime; to involve oneself or another [person] in a criminal prosecution

neg: Model (person) Model (person) A model is a person with a role either to promote, display or advertise commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows), or to serve as a visual aid for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling ("modeling" in American English) is considered to be different from other types of public performance, such as acting or dancing. Although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be "modelling". Types of modelling include: fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art,

neg: Bankruptcy Law in the Republic of Ireland the bankrupt's assets and property in the Official Assignee (OA). Under the supervision of the Court, the OA will realise the bankrupt's assets and distribute the assets according to law among the bankrupt's creditors. The essence of bankruptcy is that the debtor's assets are transferred to an official who administers and realises them for the benefit of all creditors. The purpose is to release the bankrupt from an unsustainable debt burden and to distribute his assets amongst all creditors equally (although certain types of creditor enjoy priorities). The bankrupt person is subject to restrictions and disabilities on trading and on

neg: Manorial court the parish clerk would write the record on the manorial rolls. The three types of manorial court were distinguished by the importance of those who made use of them. The court of honour was for the manor's chief tenants, the court baron for other free tenants, and the court customary was for unfree tenants. The honour court, also known as the "curia ducis" ("duke's court") or "curia militum" ("soldiers' court"), was made up of the most important of a lord's tenants, particularly those who owed him knight service. Unlike the other two types of manorial court its jurisdiction could extend

neg: Traffic ticket charged and also a date to appear in court. The accused can plead guilty by sending a Postal Money order (MO) to the court indicating that he is pleading guilty. Otherwise he/she can appear in person in the court and contest the case. The police officers who prepared the check report and charge sheet would be in the court. The court which handles these cases are the Judicial First Class Magistrate Courts and the trial is a "summary trial" (which means if a person is found guilty, he/she cannot appeal to higher courts). For drivers who drive under the influence

neg: Hearsay in United States law the matter asserted" in the out-of-court statement, the evidence falls within the traditional definition of hearsay. The declarant is the person that makes the out-of-court statement—not the person bringing the action (lawsuit). Note: In "hearsay" law, "witness" means someone who testifies under oath, from the witness stand and "declarant" refers to someone who makes a statement of any kind, whether or not under oath, and whether in or out of court (according to the Federal Rules of Evidence). In "everyday" law, "witness" means someone who sees or observes something and "declarant" means someone who says something under oath. The distinctions

neg: Tazria "metzora", regulated in ), and the goat sent off into the wilderness (the "scapegoat," regulated in ). In regard to these, taught the Sifra, the Torah says simply that God legislated them and we have no right to raise doubts about them. It was taught in a Baraita that four types of people are accounted as though they were dead: a poor person, a person affected by skin disease (, "metzora"), a blind person, and one who is childless. A poor person is accounted as dead, for says, "for all the men are dead who sought your life" (and the

neg: Ontario Substitute Decisions Act of these types of decisions are the most fundamentally personal and private decisions that a person will ever make. There is a conflict of interest in that the community's reasons for wanting a course of action to be imposed on a person are not necessarily the same as that person's, yet he/she is the one who will be required to make the change. Ontario Substitute Decisions Act The Substitute Decisions Act establishes the legal criteria determining when a person has the ability to make decisions that are fundamental to his/her well-being. The ability to make these types of decisions is

neg: Patent infringement in Canadian law any person "claiming under" the patentee to sue for damages: The question of who qualifies as a person "claiming under" a patentee has been analyzed numerous times by Canadian courts. In particular, the Supreme Court of Canada has confirmed that a non-exclusive licensee may sue for patent infringement. In another leading case, the Federal Court of Appeal broadened the pool of persons "claiming under" the patentee: [...] a person “claiming under” the patentee is a person who derives his rights to use the patented invention, at whatever degree, from the patentee. The right to use an invention is one the

neg: Mental health in Russia be hidden from the hospitalized person and his representative. The hospitalized person may learn that he is in court at the time when the court session is underway or ready to start presently, when nothing can be done to ensure self-defence. It also happens that the person is not given an opportunity to contact his representative (lawyer), who could defend his interests in court, or with relatives (confidential agents, acquaintances, human rights organizations) so that they find and get a defence attorney to court. Or the defence attorney is not given an opportunity to meet with the hospitalized person; all

neg: LGBT rights in Poland of "the closest person" gives the right of refusal to testify against the partner. The term "partner" is not explicitly defined. A resolution of the Supreme Court from 28 November 2012 ("III CZP 65/12") on the interpretation of the term "a person who has lived actually in cohabitation with the tenant" was issued with regard to the case of a gay man who was the partner of a deceased person, the main tenant of the apartment. The Court interpreted the law in a way that recognised the surviving partner as authorised to take over the right to tenancy. The Court

neg: Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 otherwise and such property would be the exclusive property of the transferee and the senior citizen had no right in such property. But after the enactment of this Act, a senior citizen can reclaim his property from the transferee. The concerned police personnel will also ensure priority in dealing with these types of cases. Representation by lawyers are prohibited under section 17 of this Act. However the Hon'ble Kerala High Court held that legal practitioners also could represent cases under this Act. Abandoning a senior citizen in any place by a person who is having the care or protection of

neg: Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 established if the offence is committed by a person who is not a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe against a person who belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe. For speedy trial, Section 14 of the Act provides for a Court of Session to be a Special Court to try offences under this Act in each district. Rule 13(i) mandates that the judge in a special court be sensitive with right aptitude and understanding of the problems of the SCs and STs. However, that is seldom the case. Most states have declared a court

neg: Stansbury v. California whether the person is in custody." Stansbury v. California Stansbury v. California, 511 U.S. 318 (1994), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court considered whether a police officer's subjective and undisclosed opinion whether a person who had been questioned was a suspect was relevant in determining whether that person had been in custody and thus entitled to the Miranda warnings.<ref name="http://supreme.justia.com">.</ref> In a 9-0 ruling, the Court reversed and remanded the case. In a "per curiam" decision, the Court held that "an officer's subjective and undisclosed view concerning whether the person being interrogated is a suspect

neg: Death in Singapore if he or she had been alive, the burden of proving that the person is alive shifts to the person who affirms this. Any married person who alleges that reasonable grounds exist for supposing that the other party to the marriage is dead may apply to court to have it presumed that the other party is dead and to have the marriage dissolved. If the court is satisfied that such reasonable grounds exist, it may make an interim judgment of presumption of death and of divorce. In such proceedings, the fact that for seven years or more the other party

neg: United Kingdom constitutional law review, because every public body, whose decisions affect people's lives, is created and bound by law. A person who has a "sufficient interest" can apply to the High Court, within three months of the grounds of the cause of action becoming known. Any public body, or private bodies exercising public functions, can be the target of judicial review. A claimant can argue that a decision was unlawful in five main types of case: (1) it exceeded the lawful power of the body or used its power for an improper purpose, (2) violated a human right, or a legitimate expectation, (3)

neg: Children Act 1989 date to review the case. A person is committing an offence if they knowingly take a child, who is in care, away from the responsible person as ordered by the court. It is also an offence to encourage or assist a child to run away from the responsible person this can be punishable by imprisonment up to 6 months or a fine. A recovery order can be made by the court to retrieve a child who is believed to have been abducted. All local authorities must ensure they have ‘community homes’ available to utilise for children looked after. This may

neg: Abstention doctrine is less permissive to the federal courts, barring them from hearing civil rights tort claims brought by a person who is currently being prosecuted for a matter arising from that claim in state court. For example, if an individual who was charged with drug possession under a state law believes that the search was illegal, and in violation of their Fourth Amendment rights, that person may have a cause of action to sue the state for illegally searching him. However, a federal court will not hear the case until the person is convicted of the crime. The doctrine has been

neg: Sterilization law in the United States recent Supreme Court history. In 2007 the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit heard Doe ex. rel. Tarlow v. District of Columbia. The Court upheld a 2003 District of Columbia statute that stated the conditions for authorizing a non-emergency surgical procedure on a mentally incompetent person. Under the Appellate Court's interpretation of the statute, a court located in the District of Columbia, must apply the "best interest of the patient" standard to a person who was never competent, and the court must apply the "known wishes of the patient" standard to a person who was

neg: Doe ex. rel. Tarlow v. District of Columbia her consent and another patient who was subjected to an eye surgery without the patient's consent. Under the Appellate Court's interpretation of the statute, a court located in the District of Columbia, must apply the "best interest of the patient" standard to a person who was never competent, and the court must apply the "known wishes of the patient" standard to a person who was once competent. The appellate decision was remanded back to the District Court. The following is the background of the case according to the Notes in the 2002 Memorandum Opinion and Order. The Notes were citing

neg: Death notification Death notification A death notification is the delivery of the news of a death to someone. A death notice describes the moment a person receives the news of someone's death. There are many roles that contribute to the death notification process. The notifier is the person who delivers the death notice. They can be volunteers, medical personnel, or law enforcement. The receiver is the designated person receiving the information about the deceased. Typically, the receiver is a family member or friend of the one who has died. Death education is provided for multiple types of jobs to deliver the news

neg: Cantor of a choir or congregation. More specific types of cantor include: Cantor A cantor is a person who leads people in singing, or sometimes in prayer. In formal Christian worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds. In Judaism, a cantor is one who sings and leads people in prayer in a Jewish religious service, and may be called hazzan. "Cantor" is used as a translation of equivalent terms in other languages, such as for the leader of singing on a traditional Kerala snake boat, a Chundan Vallam. A

neg: Pacatnamu the culture in Pacatnamu, the black vulture and llamas show up frequently in the textiles. They obviously not only had an important impact on everyday life, with labor and food, but they both hold significant religious properties. Usually in textiles that are depicting a religious ceremony there is one person who appears to be more refined, the one who is probably in charge of the ceremony, but there is no indication about who this person actually is. Hyer details the differences between the many different types of weave that could be used to weave a particular textile. Some designated a

neg: Winny v. Whitesides such person may be permitted to sue as a poor person, and stating the grounds on which the claim to freedom is founded..." "2. The court to whom application is thus made, may direct an action of assault and battery, and false imprisonment, to be instituted in the name of the person claiming freedom against the person who claims the petitioner as a slave..." "3. If the court, or any judge thereof in vacation shall have reason to believe that the above order has been or is about to be violated, in such case the said court, or any judge

neg: Bail (Canada) must exist for the presumption not to apply: If the youth would normally be detained by the court after an adult bail hearing, the court must then inquire as to whether there is a responsible person who can exercise control over the young person (and that the young person is willing to be placed in that person's care). If so, both the responsible person and the young person enter into an undertaking with conditions. It is a criminal offence for the young person to not comply with the undertaking. Unlike a surety, the responsible person faces no financial penalty. Instead,

neg: Family law in British Columbia child support and spousal support under the "Family Law Act", this court can also deal with: This chart shows which court can deal with which problem: To get to court, you must start a court proceeding and tell the court what you want. In the Provincial Court, proceedings are started with a court form called an Application to Obtain an Order. In the Supreme Court, the court form is called a Notice of Family Claim. In the Provincial Court, the person who starts a court proceeding is called the "applicant"; in the Supreme Court, this person is the "claimant". Once

neg: Court of Protection the power to adjudicate on deprivations of liberty, which includes depriving a person of liberty who is over 16, lacks capacity, and can be living at home. The Court of Protection has the power to appoint "Deputies", who can make decisions on behalf of the person who is deemed to lack capacity. The power to appoint Deputies is granted by Sections 15 to 21 of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Cardiff University noted that Deputies are most commonly appointed to deal with matters of property and finances, although the Mental Capacity Act 2005 allows for Deputies to make decisions on

neg: Flash (Barry Allen) the Renegades, who realize that this was all a setup by Top to frame the Flash for his own personal gains. Barry is transported to a 25th-century court, while Top confronts Iris. The story concludes with Barry escaping the 25th century court and going after Top. Top reveals that the reason for all of his crimes is because Barry reopened a previously closed case. Barry felt that the person convicted was actually innocent. The person who is actually guilty of the crime is one of Top's ancestors. Top reveals that they do not allow anyone in the Renegades who has

neg: North Carolina Jury Selection Policies for service. Any person summoned as a juror who is 72 years or older and who wishes to be excused, deferred, or exempted may make the request without appearing in person by filing a signed statement on the ground of the request with the chief district court judge pursuant to G.S. 9-6(b), at any time five business days before the date upon which the person is summoned to appear. Anyone who is summoned as a juror who has a disability that could interfere with that person's ability to serve as a juror and who wishes to be excused, deferred, or

neg: Mary Yu was appointed by Washington Governor Jay Inslee to the Washington Supreme Court, making her the first openly LGBTQ member of the court, in addition to the first Latina-American and Asian-American. She is the 11th woman to serve on the Washington Supreme Court (and one of six currently serving), the first person of Asian descent, the third person of Hispanic descent, and the first Hispanic woman. Yu, who is openly gay, is also the first LGBT person to hold this position. Yu is one of twelve LGBT state supreme court justices currently serving in the United States. She was sworn in

neg: Contempt of court can be punished immediately. Punishment can range from the person being imprisoned for a period of less than five years or until the person complies with the order or fine. Under Tax Court of Canada Rules of "Tax Court of Canada Act", a person who is found to be in contempt may be imprisoned for a period of less than two years or fined. Similar procedures for serving an order first is also used at the Tax Court. Different procedures exist for different provincial courts. For example, in British Columbia, a justice of the peace can only issue a summons

neg: Mental Health Act 1983 Court or Magistrates' Court on the recommendation of two approved doctors. However, the court is able to exercise discretion in this regard and can impose a prison sentence despite medical recommendations for Section 37. A person detained under Section 37 can appeal to the Mental Health Review Tribunal after a period of six months; if he or she is no longer suffering from symptoms of mental disorder, the person can be discharged by the Tribunal, even if there is a strong possibility that the person might relapse and re-offend. Furthermore, a person on Section 37 alone, who may have been

neg: Stansbury v. California Stansbury v. California Stansbury v. California, 511 U.S. 318 (1994), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court considered whether a police officer's subjective and undisclosed opinion whether a person who had been questioned was a suspect was relevant in determining whether that person had been in custody and thus entitled to the Miranda warnings.<ref name="http://supreme.justia.com">.</ref> In a 9-0 ruling, the Court reversed and remanded the case. In a "per curiam" decision, the Court held that "an officer's subjective and undisclosed view concerning whether the person being interrogated is a suspect is irrelevant to the assessment [of]

neg: Contempt of court of court and contempt of Parliament are the only remaining common law offences in Canada. Contempt of court includes the following behaviors: "This section applies only to Federal Court of Appeal and Federal Court." Under Federal Court Rules, Rules 466, and Rule 467 a person who is accused of Contempt needs to be first served with a contempt order and then appear in court to answer the charges. Convictions can only be made when proof beyond a reasonable doubt is achieved. If it is a matter of urgency or the contempt was done in front of a judge, that person

neg: Supreme Court of Israel are qualified to be appointed Judge of the Supreme Court: a person who has held office as a judge of a District Court for a period of five years, or a person who is inscribed, or entitled to be inscribed, in the roll of advocates, and has for not less than ten years –continuously or intermittently, and of which five years at least in Israel – been engaged in the profession of an advocate, served in a judicial capacity or other legal function in the service of the State of Israel or other service as designated in regulations in this

neg: King v Jones King v Jones King v Jones was an Australian court case decided in the High Court of Australia on 1 September 1972. It concerned section 41 of the Australian Constitution, and whether that section gave a person who had the right to vote in elections in South Australia the right to vote in elections at a federal level. The main issue in the case was the meaning of the words "adult person" in section 41. The court decided that those words only applied to people who had attained the age of 21. A more significant issue, whether section 41 is

neg: Irarutu language begins with "t, ɪ, b, m, or s. There are three different types of prefixes relating the person who is creating the action. “a-“ refers to 1st person, “m-“ for 2nd and “n-“ for 3rd. “a-“ is used for 1st person cases but holds many rules along with it. “m-“ is seen in almost all cases for a 2nd person sentence and is sometimes accompanied by an inflection. “n-“ is present with a verb root in 3rd person and also tends to use inflection in the prefix. Adjectives can be used to alter nouns or clauses and in most cases

neg: Special Commitment Center a probable cause hearing. If the judge finds probable cause, the SCC confines the person indefinitely. Otherwise, he or she is released. After civil commitment, a person has the right to an annual progress review by the court. A conditional release is granted only if the court finds it to be in the best interests of the person--and if conditions can be imposed to adequately protect the community. To be released, a person must be put under the care of a treatment provider who will provide regular updates to the court--and be placed in housing that will notify authorities if

neg: Epiphany (holiday) flake pastry and often filled with frangipane, fruit, or chocolate. In the south, in Provence, and in the south-west, a crown-shaped cake or brioche filled with fruit called a "gâteau des Rois" is eaten. In Romandie, both types can be found though the latter is more common. Both types of cake contain a charm, usually a porcelain or plastic figurine, called a "fève" ("broad bean" in French). The cake is cut by the youngest (and therefore most innocent) person at the table to assure that the recipient of the bean is random. The person who gets the piece of cake

neg: Civil procedure in South Africa consented to jurisdiction. Note, however, that there may be some exceptions, and that such a defendant may only consent to jurisdiction over his person and cannot consent where the court lacks jurisdiction in any event. Any person who owns immoveable property situated within the area of jurisdiction of the court, where such action is in respect of that property or a mortgage bond over that property, is subject to the jurisdiction of the court. Section 30"bis" deals with court orders for the attachment of property or person to found jurisdiction. This usually occurs where the defendant resides outside the Republic

neg: Constitutional Court of Mongolia The Chairman of the Constitutional Court co-ordinates its activities. Nine members of the Tsets propose from among themselves the name of a person who is to be elected Chairperson and elect the person who receives the majority of votes as the Chairperson. The Chairperson of the Tsets is elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected only once. The State Great Hural determines and adopts the funds for the budget of the Tsets, the salary fund for the Tsets, and the salaries of members of Tsets upon the proposal of the Chairperson. The Constitutional Court has its

neg: Arrest warrant issue an arrest warrant when it is not achievable to summon or bring in for questioning a charged person and at the same time there is a reason for detention (i.e. concern that the charged person would either flee, interfere with the proceedings or continue criminal activity, see Remand in the Czech Republic). The arrest warrant includes: The arrest is conducted by the police. Following the arrest, the police must within 24 hours either hand the arrested person over to the nearest court or release the person. The court must immediately interview the arrested person, who has the right to

neg: North Carolina Jury Selection Policies exempted may make the request without appearing in person. The person must file a signed statement of the ground of the request, and this statement must include a brief explanation of the disability that interferes with the person's ability to serve as a juror. The statement must be filed with the chief district court judge of that district or the district court judge or trial court administrator who is designated by the chief district court judge pursuant to G.S. 9-6(b), and this must be done five business days before the date on which the person is summoned to appear. It

neg: Sexual consent make consent impossible varies according to circumstances, which include how intoxicated the person is and whether they voluntarily consumed the alcohol or drugs. The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that a person drunk to the point of unconsciousness cannot consent to sex; the court ruled that once a person loses consciousness, they cannot consent. There was public outrage after a Canadian judge ruled that an intoxicated person can consent; however, a legal expert interviewed by CBC stated that "a drunken consent is still a consent" under Canadian law. In Canada, a person who is asleep or unconscious cannot consent

neg: Immigration to Germany percent of all Turkish refugees in Germany while the rest of the refugees are former Turkish military officers, teachers, and other types of public servants who fled the authoritarian government following the coup attempt in July 2016. Among Iraqi refugees in Germany, about 50 percent are Kurds. There are approximately 1.2 million Kurds in Germany. A person who has immigrated to Germany may choose to become a German citizen. A right to become a German citizen ("Anspruchseinbürgerung") arises when a person: A person who does not have a right to naturalisation may nonetheless acquire German nationality by discretionary naturalisation ("Ermessenseinbürgerung").

neg: Montana Republican Party all other officers and committees on all legal matters. The General Counsel is licensed to practice law within the state. There can be other types of officers that are appointed by the Chairman. These types are only appointed if needed for a particular purpose. The State Central Committee will appoint a nominee to fill a vacancy for a party candidate and the person who receives the most votes is the nominee. If one or two Congressional Districts for the state need to be filled, a committee appointed by the County Central Committee will make the appointment and the person with

neg: Elections in Hong Kong Bill of Rights and the Sex Discrimination Ordinance whether to approve an elected Village Representative in December 2000. This decision caused Hong Kong Government to set up new arrangements for Village Representative. There are two types of Village Representatives, namely (i) Indigenous Inhabitant Representative representing indigenous inhabitants* of an Indigenous Village; and (ii) Resident Representative representing all residents of an Existing Village (i) a person who was in 1898 a resident of the Village; or (ii) a person who is descended through the male line from a person mentioned in (i). The first new arrangements Village Representative elections was held

neg: Advocate general each state shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed judges in high court. In Pakistan an advocate general of the Province of the Punjab is a constitutional post and is an authority duly appointed under Article 140 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the High Court is appointed as the Advocate General for the province. He is the principal law officer of the Province. The Advocate General and his office defends and protects the interest of the provincial government and gives invaluable legal

neg: Sterilization law in the United States to represent K.M.” The Ashley Treatment occurred in Washington state. West Virginia allows sterilizations on competent non-minors who give informed consent to the procedure. Under section 54.25 of the Wisconsin Statutes, a court may determine that a person who was found incompetent has incapacity to consent to a sterilization procedure. The guardian may not provide substituted consent for the incompetent person, unless the court determines the "individual is competent to exercise the right under some but not all circumstances." In 2001, the Wisconsin Supreme Court, in State v. Oakley, upheld a lower court's decision to impose a probation requirement that

neg: Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland in a durable partnership" (). A resolution of the Supreme Court from 28 November 2012 ("III CZP 65/12") on the interpretation of the term "a person who has lived actually in cohabitation with the tenant" was issued with regard to the case of a gay man who was the partner of a deceased person, the main tenant of the apartment. The Court interpreted the law in a way that recognised the surviving partner as authorised to take over the right to tenancy. The Court stated that the person actually remaining in cohabitation with the tenant - in the meaning of

neg: Prisoner Prisoner A prisoner, (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against his or her will. This can be by confinement, captivity, or by forcible restraint. The term applies particularly to serving a prison sentence in a prison. This term does not apply to defendants who are pre-trial. "Prisoner" is a legal term for a person who is imprisoned. In section 1 of the Prison Security Act 1992, the word "prisoner" means any person for the time being in a prison as a result of any requirement imposed by a court or otherwise

neg: Hate crime laws in the United States 1968 enacted (b)(2), which permits federal prosecution of anyone who "willingly injures, intimidates or interferes with another person, or attempts to do so, by force because of the other person's race, color, religion or national origin" or because of the victim's attempt to engage in one of six types of federally protected activities, such as attending school, patronizing a public place/facility, applying for employment, acting as a juror in a state court or voting. Persons violating this law face a fine or imprisonment of up to one year, or both. If bodily injury results or if such acts of intimidation

neg: Borowski v Canada (AG) who wanted to challenge the abortion provisions under section 251 of the Criminal Code as violations of the "Charter" rights to life, security of person and equality of the foetus (because he felt the types of abortions permitted by the Therapeutic Abortion Committees were too liberal). He had previously been successful in gaining public interest standing to challenge the abortion law in the decision of "Minister of Justice of Canada v. Borowski", [1981] 2 S.C.R. 575. At trial the Court of Queen's Bench found that there was no violation as the foetus was not protected by the "Charter" rights that

neg: Ahimsa in Jainism Ācārya Amṛtacandra has described as to how the consequences of violence (karmas attracted) differ from person to persons for similar and different types of acts. A small violence may bring serious consequences to one person, while to another person grievous violence may bring about lesser consequences. For instance, a person hunting and killing only one small animal suffers severe consequences while a person who is building a temple or hospital suffers milder karmic consequences even though its construction kills many animals. Even when violence is jointly committed by two persons, the same act may result in severe consequence for one

neg: Defamation between the two. A person who has made defamatory remarks will not necessarily be civilly liable for them. The plaintiff must further demonstrate that the person who made the remarks committed a wrongful act. Defamation in Quebec is governed by a reasonableness standard, as opposed to strict liability; a defendant who made a false statement would not be held liable if it was reasonable to believe the statement was true. Regarding defamation on the internet, in 2011 the Supreme Court of Canada held that a person who posts hyperlinks on a website which lead to another site with defamatory content

neg: Traffic court Traffic court Traffic court is a specialized judicial process for handling traffic ticket cases. In the United States, a person who is given a citation by a police officer can either plead guilty and pay the indicated fine directly to the court house, by mail, or on the Internet. If the person wishes to plead not guilty or otherwise contest the charges; he or she is required to appear in court on the predetermined date on the citation, where they may make their case to the judge, or negotiate with the prosecutor before they are called to appear in front

neg: Feeling is used to put away or hide certain unwanted feelings. Emotion work is done by an individual, others upon them, or them upon others. Emotion work is done to achieve a certain feeling that one believes they should feel. Three more specific types of emotion work are cognitive, bodily, and expressive. Cognitive changes images, bodily changes physical aspects, and expressive changes gestures. A person who is sad uses expressive emotion work to lift their spirits by trying to smile. A person who is stressed uses bodily emotion work by trying to breathe slower in order to lower stress levels. Emotion

neg: Maintenance actions the tires have enough pressure. Lewin specifically identified ten types of maintenance actions: encourager of participation; harmonizer and compromiser; tension reliever; communication helper; evaluator of emotional climate; process observer; standard setter; active listener; trust builder; and interpersonal problem solver. The most identifiable and popular of the ten types is the tension reliever or the person who relieves the tension within the group by telling jokes and stories, suggesting breaks or fun (as opposed to task) activities. (Later group and leadership writers frequently identify the person taking on this role as the group "clown".) In contrast, often the hardest to identify

neg: Race (human categorization) color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and not one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. That is, race referred preferentially to appearance, not heredity, and appearance is a poor indication of ancestry, because only a few genes are responsible for someone's skin color and traits: a person who is considered white may have more African ancestry than a person who is considered black, and the reverse can be also true about European ancestry. The complexity of racial classifications in Brazil reflects the extent of miscegenation in Brazilian society, a

neg: Socionics is a central theme of the philosophy of socionics study: Augusta often stated her position that a person who is estranged from contact with a dual partner must cope by unnaturally distorting their personality, a phenomenon called "type masking". Relationships with conflictor types are cited as particularly troublesome: it is not uncommon for a person in a close relationship with their conflictor to develop an acute neurotic condition. The duality system is demonstrated in the following diagram, which details function relationships between two duals, an ILE and an SEI: Activation relations occur between two members of the same quadra who

neg: Database with all various aspects of protecting the database content, its owners, and its users. It ranges from protection from intentional unauthorized database uses to unintentional database accesses by unauthorized entities (e.g., a person or a computer program). Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database. The information may comprise specific database objects (e.g., record types, specific records, data structures), certain computations over certain objects (e.g., query types, or specific queries), or using specific access paths to the former (e.g., using specific indexes or other data

neg: Obituary information. Two types of paid advertisements are related to obituaries. One, known as a death notice, omits most biographical details and may be a legally required public notice under some circumstances. The other type, a paid memorial advertisement, is usually written by family members or friends, perhaps with assistance from a funeral home. Both types of paid advertisements are usually run as classified advertisements. A premature obituary is a false reporting of the death of a person who is still alive. It may occur due to unexpected survival of someone who was close to death. Other reasons for such publication

neg: Civil procedure in South Africa a director or an officer of the juristic person may be called upon as a representative of the juristic person, "in his personal capacity", to appear before the court to show cause why he should not be ordered to pay the judgment debt in instalments. It should be noted that, wherever the legislation alludes to a “judgment debtor,” it refers also to the director or officer of the juristic person. For all practical purposes, the juristic person is placed in the same position with regard to section 65 proceedings as a debtor who is a natural person. The court may,

neg: Administrator of an estate referred to as an "administratrix", although this sex-specific term is obsolete under modern presumptions about equality between sexes and may be considered insulting. Administrator of an estate The administrator of an estate is a legal term referring to a person appointed by a court to administer the estate of a deceased person who left no will. Where a person dies intestate, i.e., without a will, the court may appoint a person to settle their debts, pay any necessary taxes and funeral expenses, and distribute the remainder according to the procedure set down at law. Such a person is known as

neg: Legal Services Authorities Legal Services Authorities Legal Services Authorities are statutory bodies constituted in the states of India by the "Legal Services Authorities Act 1987", as enshrined by article 39-A of the Constitution of India, for providing free legal services for the citizens. These authorities give free legal aid to a person if he/she is not capable of bearing the expenditure. This includes appointing a lawyer in case the person is a defendant in a case. These authorities periodically organize 'lok-adalats' (Hindi for "People's Court") for out-of-the-court settlement of the cases (under provision of the law). There are two types of lok adalats

neg: Merrie Monarch Festival Queen Kapiʻolani. Uʻilani says, “the selection committee looks to find two individuals who exemplify maturity, humility, and pride in the Hawaiian culture.” Just like the Hālau’s who enter the competition, those who represent the royal court are carefully selected for the event. The court consists of 22 members total, typically represented by friends and family of the chosen king and queen. The rest of the royal court includes a counselor, kahu (caretaker), ladies-in-waiting, kahili bearers, chanters, and pu kane (conch shell blowers). Each person in the royal court is educated about their roles and Kalākaua’s mission. These people who make

neg: Nigerian nationality law a person who is a citizen of Nigeria by birth or by registration, of his citizenship, if he is satisfied that such a person has, within a period of seven years after becoming naturalized, been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years. (2) The President shall deprive a person, other than a person who is citizen of Nigeria by birth, of his citizenship, if he is satisfied from the records of proceedings of a court of law or other tribunal or after due inquiry in accordance with regulations made by him, that - (a) The

neg: Odinist Community of Spain – Ásatrú whole country. Numbers in Europe beyond Spain are unclear. The organisation is headed by the or President, who is the primary legal executive, social representative, and religious officiating figure in the COE. Below the "Reiki", the Priestly Order "Halirunae" (in Spanish: ) is composed of three types of roles: the "goðar" (singular "goði" 'priest' or "gyðja" 'priestess'); and two types of "seiderkner" (roughly, 'shamans'), the "spaekona" ('seer'), who performs "spae" magic (prophecy and divination), and the "seidkona" (roughly, 'sorcerer'), devoted to "seid" magic (clairvoyance and high magic) as well as leading the ceremonial functions. Any person, male or female, may

neg: Ecclesiastical court the relevant facts of the cases, but only what is absolutely necessary, using standardized Latin pseudonyms. The confidentiality of the person, and the priest's absolute obligation to preserve the secrecy of the Sacrament of Penance, are still in force in such cases. This court, under the authority of the Cardinal Major Penitentiary, who acts in the Pope's name, answers the confessor and empowers him to impose a penance and lift a penalty. For instance, the act of desecrating the Eucharist is one which incurs an automatic excommunication for the person who so acts (an excommunication from the moment of the

neg: Accountability partner Accountability partner An accountability partner is a person who coaches another person in terms of helping the other person keep a commitment. The term is a neologism and has gained relatively wide use since the 1990s. The term is often used by Christians where the accountability partner helps a person adhere to a moral commitment, such as refraining from viewing a pornographic internet site. It was originally used in connection with weight loss programs in the 1960s. By 2016 a partner can help with multiple types of physical fitness, starting or improving a business, a business or personal project, or

neg: Party (law) Party (law) A party is a person or group of persons that compose a single entity which can be identified as one for the purposes of the law. Parties include: plaintiff (person filing suit), defendant (person sued or charged with a crime), petitioner (files a petition asking for a court ruling), respondent (usually in opposition to a petition or an appeal), cross-complainant (a defendant who sues someone else in the same lawsuit), or cross-defendant (a person sued by a cross-complainant). A person who only appears in the case as a witness is not considered a party. Courts use various terms

neg: Bri Lee two accounts of indecent treatment of a child. The book’s title is derived from the legal doctrine eggshell skull that states the court must take the victim as they find them. If Person A struck Person B on the head meaning only to punch but instead fatally wounded them because Person B’s skull is as thin and fragile as an eggshell, Person A is responsible for the damage that they have caused. Lee’s title subverts this maxim; the court takes her as a victim who is determined for justice and understands her rights within the complexities of the law. Hot

neg: Freedom of religion in Malaysia "at a whim and fancy". For example, a Muslim who wants to convert to another religion must get an explicit permission from a syariah court. The syariah courts rarely grant such requests, except in cases where a person has actually lived his or her whole adult life as a person of different religion, and only wants to change the official documents to reflect this fact. The Islamic interpretation of the situation is that only the syariah courts can decide who is a Muslim and who is not. A person does not have such freedom, and so cannot have a say

neg: Hellenic Parliament current asset value is attributable to incoming revenue of all types taking into account living expenses of persons who have to submit the statement according to Law 3213/2003 The committee consists of one Member of Parliament from each party or alliance of parties currently represented in Parliament, one member from the Supreme Administrative Court, one member from the Supreme Civil Court and one member from the Court of Audit, who are all appointed by drawing lots in their respective plenaries as are their alternates. The Presidium of the Parliament appoints one of its Deputy Speakers as the committee's chairperson, who

neg: Intellectual and works in a profession, practices an art, or a science. The intellectual person is one who applies critical thinking and reason in either a professional or a personal capacity, and so has authority in the public sphere of their society; the term "intellectual" identifies three types of person, one who: The term "man of letters" derives from the French term "belletrist" or "homme de lettres" but is not synonymous with "an academic". A "man of letters" was a literate man ("able to read and write") as opposed to an illiterate man, in a time when literacy was a rare

neg: Administrator of an estate Administrator of an estate The administrator of an estate is a legal term referring to a person appointed by a court to administer the estate of a deceased person who left no will. Where a person dies intestate, i.e., without a will, the court may appoint a person to settle their debts, pay any necessary taxes and funeral expenses, and distribute the remainder according to the procedure set down at law. Such a person is known as the "administrator of the estate" and will enjoy similar powers to those of an executor under a will. A female administrator may be

neg: Sexual consent argues that people with some types of mental challenges should be able to consent to sex; she says they "...have the right to do so, and unnecessarily broad and moralistic restrictions infringe upon that right". In some jurisdictions, individuals who are intoxicated from alcohol or drugs cannot consent. For example, Michigan Criminal Sexual Conduct Laws states that it is a crime to have sex with a “mentally incapacitated” person who cannot control their conduct or consent. In Canada, intoxication is a factor that affects whether a person can legally consent to sexual activity. However, the level of intoxication that will

neg: Coroners Court of Queensland and the Coroners Court has appellate jurisdiction where the investigating coroner declines a request for an inquest. Queensland has seven full-time coroners, presided over by the state coroner and the deputy state coroner, both based in Brisbane, and additional coroners who are located in Brisbane, Cairns, Mackay, and Southport. Coroners Court of Queensland The Coroners Court of Queensland is a court in the court hierarchy of Queensland, Australia. The Court has exclusive jurisdiction in Queensland over the remains of a person and to make findings about the cause of death of a person. A coroner will investigate a death where

neg: Haram considered "haram". A similar principle is that the sin of "haram" is not limited to the person who engages in the prohibited activity, but the sin also extends to others who support the person in the activity, whether it be material or moral support. The five categories of الأحكام الخمسة (al-ahkam al-khamsah) or the hierarchy of acts from permitted to non-permitted are: The two types of haram are: The religious term "haram", based on the Quran, is applied to: Linguistically, the root of the term haram [compare Ancient Hebrew "herem", meaning 'devoted to God', 'forbidden for profane use'] is used

neg: Civil procedure in South Africa and appoint a curator to his estate (curator "bonis"). There are three main classes or categories of persons who must be assisted by curators "ad litem" in actions or proceedings brought by or against them: Proceedings are initiated by application to court by any person (a relative, for example, or a guardian; in certain circumstances, a friend) who has "locus standi" and an interest in the matter. The State may bring an application for reimbursement of future expenses incurred in the maintenance of a person who is detained in a public asylum. If a person is incapable of managing his

neg: Administrative law in Singapore of the plaintiff's sons had done so. The High Court found that the plaintiff's son was not an authorized occupier of the flat, as the term was defined in section 2(1) of the Act as "a person who is named in an application made to the Board as the person who intends to reside in the flat, house or other living accommodation sold or to be sold by the Board under Part IV or any person who is authorised in writing by the Board to reside therein". However, the plaintiff had not applied to buy the flat as he had,

neg: House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands member. An application to the court may be made by any person who is (a) a registered voter in the relevant district, (b) a person who was a candidate in that district, or (c) the Attorney General. There are no residency or similar restrictions as to who may stand for any particular district seat. Accordingly, a candidate could stand for election in a district where they did not live, and, theoretically, had never been to. A person is disqualified from being elected as a member of the House if: Qualifications to be registered as a voter in the British Virgin