query: where does a baker 's cyst come from

pos: Baker's cyst a Baker's cyst may also cause bruising below the medial malleolus of the ankle (Crescent sign). In adults, Baker's cysts usually arise from almost any form of knee arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or cartilage (particularly a meniscus) tear. Baker's cysts in children do not point to underlying joint disease. Baker's cysts arise between the tendons of the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus muscles. They are posterior to the medial femoral condyle. The synovial sac of the knee joint can, under certain circumstances, produce a posterior bulge, into the popliteal space, the space behind the knee. When this

neg: Molar pregnancy watery contents of the cysts, and "mole" (from Latin "mola" = millstone/false conception). The term, however, comes from the similar appearance of the cyst to a hydatid cyst in an Echinococcosis. Molar pregnancy Molar pregnancy is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus and will fail to come to term. A molar pregnancy is a gestational trophoblastic disease which grows into a mass in the uterus that has swollen chorionic villi. These villi grow in clusters that resemble grapes. A molar pregnancy can develop when a fertilized egg does not contain an

neg: Iris cyst not hurt or cause any pressure. A veterinarian however prefers to check the cyst from time to time to make sure that the cyst does not grow and doesn’t cause any problems or pain. If the cyst is growing, causing pain or some issues over time, then the cyst will need another treatment. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is, as discussed earlier, also a diagnosis method but can also be used as a treatment. With FNA a very fine needle is inserted in the eye in the cyst. The purpose of the needle is to penetrate the membrane of the cyst, so

neg: Rathke's cleft cyst Rathke's cleft cyst A Rathke's cleft cyst is a benign growth found on the pituitary gland in the brain, specifically a mucin-filled cyst in the posterior portion of the anterior pituitary gland. It occurs when the Rathke's pouch does not develop properly and ranges in size from 2 to 40mm in diameter. Asymptomatic cysts are commonly detected during autopsies in 2 to 26 percent of individuals who have died of unrelated causes. Females are twice as likely as males to develop a cyst. If a cyst adds pressure to the optic chiasm, it may cause visual disturbances, pituitary dysfunction, and

neg: Breast cyst these two. Excessive sugar consumption as well as undetected food allergies, such as to gluten or lactose, may also contribute to cyst development. Breast cysts do not require treatment unless a cyst is large and painful or otherwise uncomfortable. In that case, draining the fluid from a breast cyst can ease symptoms. Typical treatment involves a Needle aspiration biopsy. Aspirated cysts often recur (come back); definitive treatment may require surgery. Draining the fluid and then waiting for the cyst to resolve is the main treatment applied in these cases. Moreover, if cysts are aspirated and the fluid looks normal, they

neg: Central nervous system cyst fluid (reabsorption of fluid does not cause any harm). This type of surgical treatment is often performed to relieve pressure on the brain from a cyst within the cerebral cortex. A neurosurgeon performs a craniotomy as a means of entry to access the cyst. The cyst is then opened to release its contents, which are reabsorbed by the brain. This is commonly used with inflammatory cysts located in the ventricles, and can result in increased ventricular fluid flow within the brain. A neurosurgeon performs a same day surgery to insert an endoscope, which drains the cyst internally. Cysts derived from

neg: William Morrant Baker William Morrant Baker William Morrant Baker (20 October 1839, Andover, Hampshire, England – 3 October 1896, Pulborough, Sussex) was an English physician and surgeon. He first described the condition now known as Baker's cyst. William Morrant Baker was the son of a solicitor in the Hampshire town of Andover. He was apprenticed to the local surgeon, Mr. Payne. In 1858 he entered St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School in London and qualified in 1861. Baker became Sir James Paget's assistant for many years. From 1869 until 1885, he was lecturer in general anatomy and physiology at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He was

neg: Scrotal ultrasound echotexture and shadowing calcification can also be detected in malignant testicular tumors. The onion peel pattern of epidermoid cyst [Fig. 10] correlates well with the pathologic finding of multiple layers of keratin debris produced by the lining of the epidermoid cyst. This sonographic appearance should be considered characteristic of an epidermoid cyst and corresponds to the natural evolution of the cyst. Absence of vascular flow is another important feature that is helpful in differentiation of epidermoid cyst from other solid intratesticular lesions. Although most of the extratesticular lesions are benign, malignancy does occur; the most common malignant tumors in infants

neg: Baker's cyst bursa, resulting in its expansion. The diagnosis may be confirmed with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment is initially with supportive care. If this is not effective aspiration and steroid injection or surgical removal may be carried out. Around 20% of people have a Baker's cyst. They occur most commonly in those 35 to 70 years old. It is named after the surgeon who first described it, William Morrant Baker (1838–1896). Symptoms may include swelling behind the knee, stiffness, and pain. If the cyst breaks open, pain may increase, and there may be swelling of the calf. Rupture of

neg: Branchial cleft cyst Branchial cleft cyst A branchial cleft cyst is a cyst as a swelling in the upper part of neck anterior to sternocleidomastoid . It can, but does not necessarily, have an opening to the skin surface, called a fistula. The cause is usually a developmental abnormality arising in the early prenatal period, typically failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft, i.e. failure of fusion of the second and third branchial arches. Branchial cleft cysts account for almost 20% of neck masses in children. Less commonly, the cysts can develop from the first, third, or fourth clefts, and their location

neg: Unicameral bone cyst Unicameral bone cyst A unicameral bone cyst, also known as a simple bone cyst, is a cavity filled with a yellow-colored fluid. It is considered to be benign since it does not spread beyond the bone. Unicameral bone cysts can be classified into two categories: active and latent. An active cyst is adjacent to the epiphyseal plate and tends to grow until it fills the entire diaphysis, the shaft, of the bone; depending on the invasiveness of the cyst, it can cause a pathological fracture or even destroy the epiphyseal plate leading to the permanent shortening of the bone. A

neg: Bone cyst first recognised as a distinct entity in 1910. Jaffe and Lichtenstein provided a detailed discussion of simple bone cysts in 1942. The traumatic bone cyst, also referred to as a simple bone cyst or hemorrhagic cyst, is a pseudocyst that most commonly affects the mandible of young individuals. It is a benign empty or fluid-containing cavity within the mandible body that does not have evidence of a true epithelial lining. This type of bone cyst is a condition found in the long bones and jaws. There is no definitive cause, though it relates to trauma in the oral region. The

neg: Branchial cleft cyst the cyst will pass near important structures, such as the internal jugular vein, carotid artery, or facial nerve, making complete excision impractical due to the high risk of complications. Branchial cleft cyst A branchial cleft cyst is a cyst as a swelling in the upper part of neck anterior to sternocleidomastoid . It can, but does not necessarily, have an opening to the skin surface, called a fistula. The cause is usually a developmental abnormality arising in the early prenatal period, typically failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft, i.e. failure of fusion of the second and third branchial

neg: Arachnoid cyst treatment. Where complications are present, leaving arachnoid cysts untreated may cause permanent severe neurological damage due to the progressive expansion of the cyst(s) or hemorrhage (bleeding). However, with treatment most individuals with symptomatic arachnoid cysts do well. More specific prognoses are listed below: Arachnoid cysts are seen in up to 1.1% of the population with a gender distribution of 2:1 male:female. Only 20% of these have symptoms, usually from secondary hydrocephalus. A study that looked at 2,536 healthy young males found a prevalence of 1.7% (95% CI 1.2 to 2.3%). Only a small percentage of the detected abnormalities require urgent

neg: Iris cyst an iris cyst. Depending on the kind of cyst, the clinician will choose either antimitotic agents or AS-OCT, if laser is has failed or if laser is not possible. It is unlike that FNA will be used due to it’s low potential or removing the cyst. Surgery is the most invasive method and the one with the highest change at complications. That’s why surgery is the last resort. Iris cyst Iris cysts are hollow cavities in the eye filled with secretion. They come in various sizes, numbers, shapes, pigments and can be free-floating, attached to the pupillary margin or within

neg: Unicameral bone cyst induce bony growth. Furthermore, the cavity is completely filled with bone graft substitute, such as calcium sulfate. Finally, one cannulated screw is placed into the aperture. Unicameral bone cyst A unicameral bone cyst, also known as a simple bone cyst, is a cavity filled with a yellow-colored fluid. It is considered to be benign since it does not spread beyond the bone. Unicameral bone cysts can be classified into two categories: active and latent. An active cyst is adjacent to the epiphyseal plate and tends to grow until it fills the entire diaphysis, the shaft, of the bone; depending on

neg: Tarlov cyst fluid and decrease compression of the spine and spinal nerves has been successful in a number of patients. The cysts are carefully separated enough from surrounding tissue to be wrapped with fatty tissue or pericardial biomaterial to excise the fluid from the cyst. If the cyst does not drain spontaneously, then it is drained and patched using a biosynthetic dural patch. The use of this technique is done in the U.S. and is spreading in Europe but recovery is generally extensive. Microfenestration alone has been done with some success in Asia. A biopolymer plate is also being used experimentally to

neg: William Morrant Baker him, as are Baker's cannula, a flexible tracheal cannula and Baker's disease a defect of the periarticular ligaments. Baker's other major contribution was his original description in 1873 of a kind of infective dermatitis known today as erysipeloid. William Morrant Baker William Morrant Baker (20 October 1839, Andover, Hampshire, England – 3 October 1896, Pulborough, Sussex) was an English physician and surgeon. He first described the condition now known as Baker's cyst. William Morrant Baker was the son of a solicitor in the Hampshire town of Andover. He was apprenticed to the local surgeon, Mr. Payne. In 1858 he entered

neg: Naegleria fowleri fowleri" is a thermophilic (heat-loving), free-living amoeba. It is found in warm and hot freshwater ponds, lakes and rivers, and in the very warm water of hot springs. As the water temperature rises, its numbers increase. The amoeba was identified in the 1960s in Australia but appears to have evolved in the United States. "N. fowleri" occurs in three forms – as a cyst, a trophozoite (ameboid), and a biflagellate (it has two flagella). It does not form a cyst in human tissue, where only the amoeboid trophozoite stage exists. The flagellate form can exist in the cerebrospinal fluid. The

neg: Corpus luteum cyst from a follicle. The follicle then becomes a secretory gland that is known as the corpus luteum. The ruptured follicle begins producing large quantities of estrogen and progesterone in preparation for conception. If a pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum usually breaks down and disappears. It may, however, fill with fluid or blood, causing the corpus luteum to expand into a cyst, and stay in the ovary. Usually, this cyst is on only one side, and does not produce any symptoms. In women of reproductive age cysts with a diameter of less than 5 cm are common, clinically inconsequential, and

neg: Balantidiasis diameter of around 40 to 60 µm. Unlike the trophozoite, whose surface is covered only with cilia, the cyst form has a tough wall made of one or more layers. The cyst form also differs from the trophozoite form because it is non-motile and does not undergo reproduction. Instead, the cyst is the form that the parasite takes when it causes infection. The diagnosis of balantidiasis can be an intricate process, partly because the related symptoms may or may not be present. However, the diagnosis of balantidiasis can be considered when a patient has diarrhea combined with a probable history

neg: Iris cyst the body has been established as an iris cyst, it must be categorized as primary or secondary. It is necessary to differentiate secondary cysts even further. Clinical examination can achieve this differentiation with the use of multimodal imaging techniques like UBM, ultrasound B-scan (USB), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (as-OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Primary cyst come in various sizes and number but are usually fluid-filled, with regular borders and a smooth surface. The iris could be slightly displaced anteriorly because of a primary cyst, but normally no problems occur with primary cysts. Secondary cysts cause most of the times

neg: Cyst larger than usual or compared to others, may be called a macrocyst. The aneurysmal bone cyst is a neoplastic cyst, more specifically, an aggressive lesion with radiographic cystic appearance. Despite being described in 1938 as the microscopic appearance of cysts in the pancreas, cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disorder whose name is related to fibrosis of the cystic duct (which serves the gallbladder) and does not involve cysts. This is just one example of how the Greek root "cyst-", which simply means a fluid-filled sac, also is found in medical terms that relate to the urinary bladder

neg: Periapical cyst surrounding the cyst to remain open. The cyst then drains its contents and heal without being prematurely closed. The end result is the same as the cystostomy, bone regeneration. For both a cystostomy and marsupialization, root resectioning may also be required in cases where root resorption has occurred. Periapical cyst The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst or inflammatory cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth" and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium, having fluid or gaseous content that is not created

neg: Renal ultrasonography encompassing anechoic fluid. The incidence increases with age, as at least 50% of people above the age of 50 have a simple cyst in one of the kidneys. Cysts cause posterior enhancement as a consequence of reduced attenuation of the ultrasound within the cyst fluid (Figure 5). The simple cyst is a benign lesion, which does not require further evaluation. Complex cysts can have membranes dividing the fluid-filled center with internal echoes, calcifications or irregular thickened walls. The complex cyst can be further evaluated with Doppler US, and for Bosniak classification and follow-up of complex cysts, either contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)

neg: Cinderella II: Dreams Come True her for someone else and does not see the other lady's lover as she runs off in tears. When Lucifer and Pom Pom get together, Pom Pom goads Lucifer into breaking his promise and helping her catch the mice. In the ensuing chaos, a jug of water pours on Pom Pom and she leaves Lucifer. The baker goes after Anastasia but gives up and sits near a fountain (which is bigger than the one shown earlier), where Anastasia is. A goat appears and eats up most of his garland, reducing it to only a few flowers. The baker hears Anastasia

neg: Baker's cyst artery aneurysm then aspiration of synovial fluid from the cyst may be undertaken with care. An MRI image can reveal presence of a Baker's cyst. An infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication, which may need to be excluded by blood tests and ultrasonography, is a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Quick assessment of the possibility of DVT may be required where a Baker's cyst has compressed vascular structures, causing leg edema, as this sets up conditions for a DVT to develop. A burst cyst commonly causes calf pain, swelling and redness that may mimic thrombophlebitis. Baker's cysts usually require no treatment unless

neg: Pineal gland cyst memory loss, cognitive decline, muscle fasciculations, nausea, weakness, fatigue, light sensitivity, tinnitus, circadian rhythm dysfunction, or hydrocephalus if the cyst impinged on the superior colliculi or caused obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct. Newer research shows that the size of the cyst does not necessarily correlate to the presence of symptoms. In some cases, it will need to be removed before life-threatening situations occur. The usual size a pineal cyst might start to cause symptoms Varies but usually 7mm and up. Despite the pineal gland being in the center of the brain, due to recent advancements in endoscopic medicine, endoscopic brain

neg: Basal body temperature within a three-day range. If pregnancy does not occur, the disintegration of the corpus luteum causes a drop in BBTs that roughly coincides with the onset of the next menstruation. If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum continues to function (and maintain high BBTs) for the first trimester of the pregnancy. After the first trimester, the woman's body temperature drops to her pre-ovulatory normal as the placenta takes over functions previously performed by the corpus luteum. Very rarely, the corpus luteum may form a cyst. A corpus luteum cyst will cause BBTs to stay elevated and prevent menstruation from occurring

neg: Sappinia that is around 2.3 mm in diameter. "Sappinia" species have two life cycle stages: a trophozoite, and a cyst. The trophozoite is the heterotrophic feeding stage described previously, and the cyst is formed from the fusion of two trophozoites. The cysts are usually round, and between 30–34 mm in diameter. In 1908, Nägler was working on "S. diploidea" and after 2–3 weeks in culture he observed 2 equal size trophozoites encyst together in a double wall. Nägler stated that first the pairs of nuclei in each trophozoite fuse, and then the cells fuse together in the cyst. The amoeba that

neg: Breast biopsy relieve any pain that the cyst caused, or can be used to aspirate a suspicious lesion in conjunction with cytology (cellular analysis). If aspirating the contents of a cyst, the aspirate is usually not sent for cytology unless it is bloody. If the cyst is not detectable by touch, it may be located using ultrasound, MRI, or stereotactic mammography. Recovery time from an outpatient FNA is minimal. Core needle biopsy (CNB) is another percutaneous ("through the skin") method of breast biopsy that became more popular than FNA in the 1990's due to the larger sample of tissue CNB provides. This

neg: Garnet Kearney for some time. He was an early advocate of Medicare, and he did not charge for his services if the patient could not afford them. In 1939, Dr. Kearney operated on a man via radio. Twenty-one-year-old Gordon Stock, in Watson Lake, was suffering from delirium and urgently need brain surgery. Jack Baker, the man's employer, radioed Kearney asking for instructions. Kearney correctly diagnosed Stock as having a cyst on his brain, and informed Baker that surgery to relieve pressure was necessary immediately, as the man would die without it. The remote surgery was a success, and Stock made a full

neg: Iris cyst iris cyst because it is the least invasive method since the eye doesn’t need to be punctured or cut. Two kinds of laser beams can be used for laser therapy: thermal (diode or argon laser) and . Sometimes both methods are combined for a better result since thermal laser can harden the cyst and stop the intracystic fluid production and can perforate the cyst membrane and drain the cyst. Surgery is considered to be the last resort because surgery has the highest chance at complications. The surgical approach depends on where the cyst is located, how big the cyst is

neg: Gondokoro John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant after their two years and five months long journey through Central Africa from Zanzibar. They arrived exhausted on February 13, 1863 and expected to be met by the British consul John Petherick and his rescue party. As Petherick was away, hunting in the countryside the two explorers instead were welcomed by Samuel Baker and his "wife" Florence Baker, who greeted them with a cup of tea. A passage from Alan Moorehead´s "The White Nile" (p. 61) describes it thus: "The sportsman Samuel Baker and his wife had come up the Nile to look

neg: Arachnoid cyst arachnoid cysts is unknown. There are some cases where hereditary disorders have been connected with arachnoid cysts. Some complications of arachnoid cysts can occur when a cyst is damaged because of minor head trauma. Trauma can cause the fluid within a cyst to leak into other areas (e.g., subarachnoid space). Blood vessels on the surface of a cyst may tear and bleed into the cyst (intracystic hemorrhage), increasing its size. If a blood vessel bleeds on the outside of a cyst, a collection of blood (hematoma) may result. In the cases of intracystic hemorrhage and hematoma, the individual may have

neg: Joseph Baker (Royal Navy officer) Joseph Baker (Royal Navy officer) Joseph Baker (1767–1817) was an officer in the Royal Navy, best known for his role in the mapping of the Pacific Northwest Coast of America during the Vancouver Expedition of 1791-1795. Mt. Baker is named after him. Baker is thought to have come from the Welsh border counties. From 1787 he served on where he met then-Lieutenant George Vancouver and then-Midshipman Peter Puget. Vancouver picked Baker as 3rd Lieutenant (and Puget as 2nd Lieutenant) of HMS "Discovery" for a round-the-world survey, focusing on the American Pacific Northwest Coast. Baker proved a highly capable surveyor and

neg: Plasmodium vivax motile. It is now known as ookinete. The pointed ends of ookinete penetrate the stomach wall and come to lie below its outer epithelial layer. Here the zygote becomes spherical and develops a cyst wall around itself. The cyst wall is derived partly from the stomach tissues and partly produced by the zygote itself. At this stage, the zygote is known as an oocyst. The oocyst absorbs nourishment and grows in size. Oocysts protrude from the surface of stomach, giving it a blistered appearance. In a highly infected mosquito, as many as 1000 oocysts may be seen. The oocyst nucleus

neg: Dysentery amoebae. Amoebic dysentery is particularly common in parts of the world where human feces are used as fertilizer. After entering the person's body through the mouth, the cyst travels down into the stomach. The amoebae inside the cyst are protected from the stomach's digestive acid. From the stomach, the cyst travels to the intestines, where it breaks open and releases the amoebae, causing the infection. The amoebae can burrow into the walls of the intestines and cause small abscesses and ulcers to form. The cycle then begins again. Dysentery may also be caused by shigellosis, an infection by bacteria of

neg: Stafne defect Stafne defect The Stafne defect (also termed Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity, Stafne bone cavity, Stafne bone cyst (misnomer), lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, lingual mandibular cortical defect, latent bone cyst, or static bone cyst) is a depression of the mandible on the lingual surface (the side nearest the tongue). The Stafne defect is thought to be a normal anatomical variant, as the depression is created by ectopic salivary gland tissue associated with the submandibular gland and does not represent a pathologic lesion as such. It is a classed as a pseudocyst, since there is no epithelial lining or fluid content.

neg: S. S. Still S. S. Still Summerfield Saunders Still (1851–1931) was an osteopath and founder of a school of osteopathy. Still and his wife Ella Daugherty married in 1891 and had two children, Persus (Percy) who became a surgeon, and Christina. Still was the son of James Still, a medical doctor trained in Chicago, Illinois, and Rahab Saunders Still. The Still family moved to Kansas, where S. S. Still was educated in Blue Mound, Eudora, and at Baker University at Baldwin. At the age of 15 Summerfield Still enrolled at Baker University, a Methodist college in Baldwin, Kansas where he was studying from

neg: Sheila Singh Paul report of 559 cases." "Ind Pediatr" 1;319:1964 5. Paul SS, Rao PL, Mullick P "Choledochal cyst." "Ind J Radiol" 18;172:1964. 6. Paul SS, Rao PL "Porencephalic cyst." "Ind Pediatr" 2;25:1965. 7. Paul SS, Rao PL "Pyuria in children." "Ind Pediatr" 2;209:1965. 8. Paul SS, Rao PL "Diaphragmatic disorders." "Ind Pediatr" 2;270:1965. 9. Paul SS "Longitudinal anthropomatriome measurements in Indian babies from birth to 2 years." "J Ind Acad Pediatr." 10. Paul SS, Saigal S "Fanoconi's S. Fanconi's Syndrome. The effect of predniosolon and methyl testosterone and a review of the literature." "Ind Pediatr" 3;403:1966 11. Paul SS "Leukaemias in children.

neg: Cock's peculiar tumour Cock's peculiar tumour Cock's peculiar tumour is a sebaceous cyst linked growth that can resemble a squamous cell carcinoma. The name is given after a 19th-century English surgeon Edward Cock. The proliferating cyst is usually solitary, but it often arises from a simple trichilemmal cysts in the hair follicle epithelium and these are multiple in 70% of cases. They are most commonly found on the scalp where the proliferating trichilemmal cyst will grow to a large size and ulcerate. Chronic inflammation can cause the cyst to take the form of a granuloma. This granuloma mimics a squamous-cell carcinoma (both clinically

neg: Central nervous system cyst require active monitoring with periodic scans for future growth. Symptomatic (producing or showing symptoms) cysts may require surgical removal if they are present in areas where brain damage is unavoidable, or if they produce chronic symptoms disruptive to the quality of life of the patient. Some examples of cyst removal procedures include: permanent drainage, fenestration, and endoscopic cyst fenestration. A neurosurgeon may open a portion of the body and insert a shunt into cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) filled cysts to allow drainage into CSF pathways. The fluid from the cyst is then drained into the abdomen, the body reabsorbs the

neg: Choroid plexus cyst Choroid plexus cyst Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are cysts that occur within choroid plexus of the brain. The brain contains pockets or spaces called ventricles with a spongy layer of cells and blood vessels called the choroid plexus. This is in the middle of the fetal brain. The choroid plexus has the important function of producing cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid produced by the cells of the choroid plexus fills the ventricles and then flows around the brain and the spinal cord to provide a cushion of fluid around these structures. CPCs can form within this structure and come from fluid

neg: Hand injury on its own. However, if finger function is compromised, then surgery may be required. Ganglion cysts are soft globular structures that occur on the back of the hand usually near the junction of the wrist joint. These small swellings are usually painless when small but can affect hand motion when they become large. The cysts contain a jelly like substance and usually do disappear on their own. If the ganglion cyst is not bothersome, it should be left alone. Just removing the fluid from the cyst is not curative because fluid will come back in less than a week. Surgery

neg: Baker v. Morton Baker v. Morton Baker v. Morton, 79 U.S. (12 Wall.) 150 (1870), was the first "serious" court case to come out of Omaha, Nebraska Territory, prior to statehood. In the trial a claim jumper fought against local land barons to stake out a homestead in the area that was to become the city of Omaha. The case was important for establishing homesteaders rights and ensuring the future growth of Omaha would benefit everyone, not only wealthy landowners. The case of "Alexander H. Baker v. William S. Morton" was a case of an ill-gotten land claim. Baker was an early settler

neg: Andover, Hampshire Howey was born in Andover in 1973. In 2004 she carried the British flag at the opening ceremony in Athens. Ronnie Bond, Pete Staples and Reg Presley of The Troggs, a rock band who had a number of hits in Britain and the United States such as "Wild Thing" and "Love Is All Around", were all born in Andover. The eminent 19th-century surgeon William Morrant Baker was also born in the town. He was best known for describing the condition Baker's cyst as well as being a lecturer, surgeon and governor at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Sam Baker, novelist and editor

neg: William Morrant Baker elected an assistant surgeon to the hospital in 1871 and a surgeon in 1882. He resigned his post as surgeon in 1892 due to his own locomotor ataxia condition. He was then appointed a governor of the hospital. Baker was also surgeon, later consultant surgeon, to the Evelina Children's Hospital, London and was examinator of general anatomy and physiology at the Royal College of Surgeons. He wrote a number of articles on bone and joint problems. He became regarded as an expert in renal surgery, particularly nephrolithomy. He first described the knee joint problem Baker's cyst which is named after

neg: Matt Baker (presenter) Chapman. In July 2017, Baker co-presented "Wild Alaska Live" on BBC One with Steve Backshall and Liz Bonnin. In May 2018, Baker co-hosted Royal Wedding Watch with Meredith Vieira, PBS's weeklong coverage of the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. In 2010, Baker participated in the eighth series of "Strictly Come Dancing", where he was partnered with professional ballroom dancer Aliona Vilani, finishing in second place to the winners Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev in the final. Baker and Vilani also participated in the 2011 "Strictly Come Dancing" Live Tour. They performed in all thirty-five shows on the tour

neg: Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker Bakersfield, California and owned Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica, where they settled. Colonel Baker had come to California in 1849 during the Gold Rush and worked in the San Francisco mining supplies business, as the company Cooke and Baker. He then worked in the cattle and sheep trade in Northern California, before purchasing Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica from the Sepulveda family for the opportunities in the cattle trade it offered. With this purchase, he moved to Los Angeles, where he met and married de Stearns Baker. Baker's possession, through the marriage, of the Bandini family's holdings of

neg: Pseudothrombophlebitis can cause adverse effects in patients with pseudothrombophlebitis. The symptoms of pseudothrombophlebitis include pain, swelling, erythema and tenderness. It most commonly, but not exclusively, affects the legs. The presence of a popliteal cyst makes this diagnosis more likely. However, the presence of a popliteal cyst does not rule out deep vein thrombosis and warrants further investigation. Pseudothrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis are not mutually exclusive conditions, and in rare instances may co-occur. Pseudothrombophlebitis is clinically indistinguishable from a true thrombophlebitis such as deep vein thrombosis; the symptoms and history are similar and these conditions cannot be distinguished by clinical examination

neg: Aliona Vilani "Strictly Come Dancing", partnered with Matt Baker. Vilani and Baker then went on to compete and win the 2011 "Strictly Come Dancing Live Tour." She returned in 2011 for the 9th series of the show, where she and partner Harry Judd of pop-rock band McFly went on to win the competition, beating Chelsee Healey in the public vote and coming top in the final judges leader-board. Vilani and Judd then went on to compete and win the 2012 "Strictly Come Dancing Live Tour." Vilani returned for the 2012 series of "Strictly Come Dancing", where she was paired with television presenter

neg: Coenurosis in humans out small, but as the larvae grow, the cyst can reach the size of an egg. The cysts of "T. multiceps" are usually between 2 and 6 cm in diameter and are most commonly found in the CNS and can contain anywhere from a few to over a hundred worm larvae within them. "T serialis" and "T. glomerata" cysts present in the CNS, muscles, or subcutaneous tissue, and "T. brauni" cysts occupy these same areas but occur in the eye more frequently than the other three species. When the cyst occurs in the brain, as it often does, the infected

neg: Intracranial epidermoid cyst Intracranial epidermoid cyst Review of past cases, patients often do not exhibit many symptoms or obtain a diagnosis until they are around 20 to 40 years old. If the patient does show symptoms, it is most likely due to pressure from growth of the tumor. Depending on which part the epidermoid is pressing against can result in varying symptoms. These tumors arise when epidermal cells become trapped during neural tube closure. This occurs between the 3rd to 5th week of fetal development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) brain scans can be used to identify these tumors. The

neg: Robert S. Baker Robert S. Baker Robert Sidney Baker (17 October 1916 – 30 September 2009) was a British film and television producer, who at times was also a cinematographer and director. Born in London and serving as an artillery man in the British Army, he was posted to North Africa, where he became involved in the army's film and photographic unit, later serving as a combat cameraman in Europe. Despite a prolific film and television career, Baker was principally known for his long-time professional relationship with Monty Berman, where they founded Tempean Films, churning out comedies, thrillers, and mysteries. Some of their

neg: Vocal cord cyst of vocal cysts. Vocal fold cysts cause the properties of the vocal folds to change. When a cyst is present on a vocal fold, the cover of the vocal fold becomes more stiff and increases in mass. The increased mass and stiffness tends to result in hyperkinetic muscular movement during phonation. Hyperkinetic movement is characterized by increased rigidity in the affected vocal fold(s). This hyperkinetic movement results in the voice being perceived as hoarse. (see Signs and Symptoms) Specifically, the presence of a vocal fold cyst leads to an asynchronous mucosal wave of the vocal folds during phonation. There are

neg: Ian Baker (footballer) Ian Baker (footballer) Ian William Baker (born 4 August 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Baker, a half-back, started his VFL career at St Kilda, where he had come to from Redan. He had his best season in 1977 when he played 21 games and earned eight Brownlow Medal votes. After four league seasons at St Kilda, Baker crossed to Richmond and made three home and away appearances for his new club in the 1980 VFL season, a premiership year. He didn't play any more senior

neg: Ian Baker (footballer) football for Richmond and would end up back in the Ballarat Football League. He was the inaugural coach of TAC Cup side the North Ballarat Rebels in 1993. Ian Baker (footballer) Ian William Baker (born 4 August 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Baker, a half-back, started his VFL career at St Kilda, where he had come to from Redan. He had his best season in 1977 when he played 21 games and earned eight Brownlow Medal votes. After four league seasons at St Kilda, Baker

neg: Peace (Chet Baker album) Peace (Chet Baker album) Peace is an album by trumpeter Chet Baker which was recorded in 1982 and released on the German Enja label. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states "This one is a bit unusual since the trumpeter is accompanied by David Friedman (on vibes and marimba), bassist Buster Williams and drummer Joe Chambers. The music is somewhat challenging and it inspires Baker to come up with some lyrical statements. There are many Chet Baker recordings from his final decade and his true fans will want to pick up this one". All compositions by David Friedman except where

neg: Corpus luteum cyst almost always a physiological condition rather than a cancer or other disease condition. In postmenopausal women the threshold for concern is 1 cm. Although ovarian cancer is cystic, it does not arise from benign corpus luteum cysts. Medical specialty professional organizations recommend no follow-up imaging for cysts which are considered clinically inconsequential. Corpus luteum cysts can, however, grow to almost 10 cm (4 inches) in diameter and have the potential to bleed into themselves or twist the ovary, causing pelvic or abdominal pain. If it fills with blood, the cyst may rupture, causing internal bleeding and sharp pain. This pain

neg: Arachnoid cyst by the size and location of the cyst(s), though small cysts usually have no symptoms and are discovered only incidentally. On the other hand, a number of symptoms may result from large cysts: The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane. In some cases, arachnoid cysts occurring in the middle fossa are accompanied by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) or compression of the temporal lobe. The exact role that temporal lobe abnormalities play in the development of middle fossa

neg: Periapical cyst Periapical cyst The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst or inflammatory cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth" and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium, having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus." Most frequently located in the maxillary anterior region, it is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. The cyst has lining that is derived from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez which proliferate to form the cyst. Highly common in

neg: Lena Madesin Phillips society. She was quoted saying, " ...if our motive is right, if we have faith, vision and courage, accomplishment must come." Phillips then made many trips to Europe and from France, Italy, and England from 1928 until the end of her life in 1955. Phillips had a relationship for 36 years with Marjory Lacey-Baker, who she described as "the woman with whom I share my home." She met Lacey Baker, an American playwright who wrote "In the Light" and an actress with the Provincetown Players, in 1919. At that time, Phillips attended a pageant where Lacey-Baker was performing. Lacey-Baker was

neg: Vaginal cysts treatment. In most cases, there are no complications from the cysts themselves. A surgical removal carries a small risk of complication. The risk depends on where the cyst is located. Vaginal cysts Vaginal cysts are uncommon benign cysts that develop in the vaginal wall. The type of epithelial tissue lining a cyst is used to classify these growths. They can be congenital. They can present in childhood and adulthood. The most common type is the squamous inclusion cyst. It develops within vaginal tissue present at the site of an episiotomy or other vaginal surgical sites. In most instances they do

neg: Epidermoid cyst possible interruption of saliva ducts. Several synonyms exist for epidermoid cysts, including epidermal cyst, infundibular cyst, keratin cyst and epidermal inclusion cyst "Epidermal inclusion cyst" more specifically refers to implantation of epidermal elements into the dermis. The term "infundibular cyst" refers to the site of origin of the cyst: the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. The majority of epidermal inclusion cysts originate from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle, thus explaining the interchangeable, yet inaccurate, use of these two terms. Another similar and easily confused cyst is the sebaceous cyst. Since , it is often mixed up with

neg: Invasion (Harry novel) but are also untested, and the U.S. does not have the resources for both. Baker decides to back the supercruisers. As the likelihood of invasion via the Gulf of Mexico comes, many Americans leave the exposed states. The Joint Chiefs of Staff are not sure if this is another diversion attempt and the Chinese might come from the east or west coasts. The U.S. President orders the military to plan for those eventualities as well. A full war economy along with total mobilization is called up, including all able-bodied women, which includes the U.S. President's daughter. Baker refuses to order

neg: Thyroglossal cyst be seen as a flattened strawberry-like lump at the base of the tongue. An infected thyroglossal duct cyst can occur when it is left untreated for a certain amount of time or simply when a thyroglossal duct cyst hasn't been suspected. The degree of infection can be examined as major rim enhancement has occurred, located inferior to the hyoid bone. Soft tissue swelling occurs, along with airway obstruction and trouble swallowing, due to the rapid enlargement of the cyst. With infections, there can be rare cases where an expression of fluid is projected into the pharynx causing other problems within

neg: Gingival cyst Gingival cyst Gingival cyst (or dental lamina cyst) is a type of cysts of the jaws that originates from the dental lamina and is found in the mouth parts. It is a superficial cyst in the alveolar mucosa. It can be seen inside the mouth as small and whitish bulge. Depending on the ages in which they develop, the cysts are classified into gingival cyst of newborn (or infant) and gingival cyst of adult. Structurally, the cyst is lined by thin epithelium and shows a lumen usually filled with desquamated keratin, occasionally containing inflammatory cells. The nodes are formed as

neg: Nasopalatine duct cyst originally postulated that the cyst formed from trapped epithelial cells during embryonic fusion of the palatal bones, it is now thought that it forms from oronasal ducts present within the incisive canals. As a cyst, the nasopalatine duct cyst requires histological analysis for a definitive diagnosis. Radiographically, the nasopalatine cyst appears as a well-demarcated round, ovoid, or heart-shaped structure presenting in the midline of the maxilla. The nasopalatine cyst is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity, at an estimated occurrence rate of 73%. Nasopalatine duct cysts usually present as asymptomatic palatal swellings, but they may rarely be

neg: Polycystic kidney disease 3 (autosomal dominant) renal disease is mild and very few patients have hypertension, it does not happen regularly. Unlike the liver disease where it develops a wide spectrum of severity; some have no cyst, while others have severe liver involvement polycystic kidney disease. In an analysis of 20 patients from 9 unrelated families develop polycystic kidney disease with heterozygous mutations in the GANAB gene. 5 of the mutations from the GANAB gene were predicted to result in a short protein (frameshift, nonsense, or splicing), and 3 missense mutations. 7 of the families had a diagnosis of PKD, while the other 2 families had

neg: Equine nasal cysts of the cyst and any of the involved lining of the concha – this would normally be tested by a laboratory, since there is a risk that some nasal cysts may be cancerous. In cases where such cancer shows in a removed nasal cyst, treatment can follow two courses. Radiotherapy is one, where the cancerous area is subjected to moderate doses of radiation, over a period of several weeks, with tissue testing being undertaken during the treatment. The other is via the administration of cytotoxic drugs, to travel through the bloodstream and attack the cancer cells. If the cyst is

neg: Kevin Bartlett (Australian rules footballer) in the under 19's and Richmond made the under 19's final series. Bartlett however was injured seconds into the first final against Geelong, which resulted him being taken to the Prince Henry Hospital where it was revealed that a cyst was embedded in his hip. It was while waiting for the ambulance to collect him in the MCG change rooms, that he first met Jack Dyer. Dyer had appeared at the match on advice of Richmond under 19's coach Ray Jordon – and visited Bartlett in the rooms to tell him he will be okay. The following year for Bartlett

neg: Bertrand Russell is no more justified than Mary Baker Eddy's. This does not mean that I am opposed to socialism." In 1943, Russell expressed support for Zionism: "I have come gradually to see that, in a dangerous and largely hostile world, it is essential to Jews to have some country which is theirs, some region where they are not suspected aliens, some state which embodies what is distinctive in their culture". In a speech in 1948, Russell said that if the USSR's aggression continued, it would be morally worse to go to war after the USSR possessed an atomic bomb than before

neg: Lateral periodontal cyst rest cells in the periodontal ligament, although it is unknown whether from the cell rests of Malassez, reduced enamel epithelium or dental lamina remnants, and are generally treated by surgical enucleation. Lateral periodontal cyst The lateral periodontal cyst is a non-inflammatory developmental cyst that arises from the epithelial post-functional dental lamina, which is a remnant from odontogenesis. It is more common in middle-aged males. Usually asymptomatic, it presents as a regular well-corticated radiolucency on the side of a mandibular canine or premolar root. Histologically, the cyst appears similar to the gingival cyst of the adult, having a non-keratinized squamous epithelial

neg: Lateral periodontal cyst Lateral periodontal cyst The lateral periodontal cyst is a non-inflammatory developmental cyst that arises from the epithelial post-functional dental lamina, which is a remnant from odontogenesis. It is more common in middle-aged males. Usually asymptomatic, it presents as a regular well-corticated radiolucency on the side of a mandibular canine or premolar root. Histologically, the cyst appears similar to the gingival cyst of the adult, having a non-keratinized squamous epithelial lining. The involved tooth is usually vital and has no indication for root canal treatment unless the signs of non-vital or necrotic pulpal tissue were confirmed. The cysts arise from epithelial

neg: Russ Baker Political Science. He has a masters degree in Journalism from Columbia Journalism School. He is in his late fifties. Baker has declined to disclose his age, marital status, names of family members, or "anything that would make him more vulnerable to covert surveillance, intimidation, or worse." He also declines to state where he lives or works because he does "sensitive investigative work" and doesn't want people showing up at his door. Russ Baker Russell Warren "Russ" Baker, is an American investigative journalist. He is the author of a 2008 book, "Family of Secrets", that outlines what it claims are connections

neg: Trichilemmal cyst to be easily identified after the sac is emptied. Small cysts have walls that are thin, and easily fragmented on traction. This increases the likelihood of cyst recurrence. This method often results in only a small scar, and very little if any bleeding. Trichilemmal cyst A trichilemmal cyst, also known as a wen, pilar cyst or isthmus-catagen cyst, is a common cyst that forms from a hair follicle. They are most often found on the scalp. The cysts are smooth, mobile and filled with keratin, a protein component found in hair, nails, skin, and horns. They are, however, clinically and

neg: Trichilemmal cyst Trichilemmal cyst A trichilemmal cyst, also known as a wen, pilar cyst or isthmus-catagen cyst, is a common cyst that forms from a hair follicle. They are most often found on the scalp. The cysts are smooth, mobile and filled with keratin, a protein component found in hair, nails, skin, and horns. They are, however, clinically and histologically distinct from trichilemmal horns, which are much more rare and not limited to the scalp. Trichilemmal cysts may run in families and they may or may not be inflamed and tender, often depending on whether they have ruptured. Rarely, these cysts may

neg: Iris cyst penetrating the eye from outside into the cyst. The injection of the alcohol regresses the cyst or will at least stabilize it. It can take a few weeks before the cyst has disappeared fully. A common side effect of this method is an inflammation in the anterior chamber, but this can easily be treated with topical steroids (cream or gel with anti-inflammatory properties). Antimitotic agents are used mainly when a cyst is resistant to all other treatments apart from surgery, since surgery is the last resort. Antimitotic agents are injected in cyst and left inside for 5 minutes, after 5

neg: Theca lutein cyst resolve after pregnancy. Rarely, when the theca-lutein cysts are stimulated by gonadotropins, massive ascites can result. In most cases however, abdominal symptoms are minimal and restricted to peritoneal irritation from cyst hemorrhage. Surgical intervention may be required to remove ruptured or infarcted tissue. Women who smoke have a twofold increase for functional cysts. Theca lutein cyst Theca lutein cyst is a type of bilateral functional ovarian cyst filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. To be classified a functional cyst, the mass must reach a diameter of at least three centimeters. These cysts result from exaggerated physiological stimulation (hyperreactio luteinalis) and are

neg: S (set theory) and Boolos does not make fully explicit whether the background logic includes identity. S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms. Identity does appear in the axiom schema distinguishing S+ from S, and in the derivation in S of the pairing, null set, and infinity axioms of Z. The symbolic axioms shown below are from Boolos (1998: 91), and govern how sets and stages behave and interact. The natural language versions of the axioms are intended to aid the intuition. The axioms come in two groups of three. The first group consists of

neg: Odontogenic cyst Odontogenic cyst Odontogenic cyst are a group of jaw cysts that are formed from tissues involved in odontogenesis (tooth development). Odontogenic cysts are closed sacs, and have a distinct membrane derived from rests of odontogenic epithelium. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. Intra-bony cysts are most common in the jaws, because the mandible and maxilla are the only bones with epithelial components. That odontogenic epithelium is critical in normal tooth development. However, epithelial rests may be the origin for the cyst lining later. Not all oral cysts are odontogenic cyst. For example, mucous cyst of the oral mucosa

neg: Iris cyst Iris cyst Iris cysts are hollow cavities in the eye filled with secretion. They come in various sizes, numbers, shapes, pigments and can be free-floating, attached to the pupillary margin or within the posterior chamber . Most frequently iris cysts don’t cause any issues, but they can cause problems like: “fly biting” behavior, corneal endothelial pigment, lens capsular pigmentation, altered iris movement, decreased aqueous outflow with subsequent glaucoma or block the vision when grown to big . They can be acquired or innate. Possible causes are inflammation, drug induced, uveitis, a trauma, tumor-induce, parasitic or implantation. Most frequently iris cysts

neg: Virginia S. Baker his surname shortly after arriving in the U.S. He changed it to Baker from Pecinka, a derivative of – Czech for "baker". Her mother, Hattie Baker, was a Baltimore-native of Czech descent. Until Virginia Baker's father died in 1954, her parents ran a confectionery store in East Baltimore on the corner of Monument Street and Belnord Avenue where Baker spent much of her childhood. She also spent a lot of time roller-skating around the streets of Baltimore and coming up with contests, races, and other games to play with kids in the neighborhood. Baker's voice has been described as "quintessentially

neg: Robert S. Baker more popular work included "Jack The Ripper, The Siege of Sidney Street, The Hellfire Club", and "The Secret of Monte Carlo". Later, he was to be involved with nearly every filmed usage of the Leslie Charteris creation, "The Saint". Baker died on 30 September 2009. Robert S. Baker Robert Sidney Baker (17 October 1916 – 30 September 2009) was a British film and television producer, who at times was also a cinematographer and director. Born in London and serving as an artillery man in the British Army, he was posted to North Africa, where he became involved in the army's

neg: Cyst and the gallbladder, neither of which involve cysts. Examples of neoplastic cysts include: Treatment ranges from simple enucleation of the cyst to curettage to resection. There are cysts—e.g., buccal bifurcation cyst—that resolve on their own, in which just close observation may be employed, unless it is infected and symptomatic. A pseudocyst is similar collection without a distinct membrane. A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a cyst. Cyst A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that

neg: Dentigerous cyst deciduous teeth in proximity to the follicles of unerupted permanent successors may be a factor for triggering this type of cyst formation. Histologically a normal dental follicle is lined by enamel epithelium, whereas a dentigerous cyst is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Since the dentigerous cyst develops from follicular epithelium it has more potential for growth, differentiation and degeneration than a radicular cyst. Occasionally the wall of a dentigerous cyst may give rise to a more ominous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Due to the tendency for dentigerous cysts to expand rapidly, they may cause pathological fractures of jaw bones. On fine

neg: Ganglion cyst modern times, the ganglion cyst is unrelated to the neural "ganglion" or "ganglion cell"; its etymology traces back to the ancient Greek "γάγγλιον", a "knot" or "swelling beneath the skin", which extends to the neural masses by analogy. Generally, Hippocrates is credited with the description of these cysts. The term "Bible cyst" (or "Bible bump") is derived from an urban legend or historical effort to hit the cyst with a Bible. Trying to treat the lesion by hitting it with a book is however discouraged. Ganglion cyst A ganglion cyst is a fluid filled lump associated with a joint or

neg: Azotobacter aliphatic chains and aromatic rings. Alkylresorcinols are also found in other bacteria, animals, and plants. A cyst of the genus "Azotobacter" is the resting form of a vegetative cell; however, whereas usual vegetative cells are reproductive, the cyst of "Azotobacter" does not serve this purpose and is necessary for surviving adverse environmental factors. Following the resumption of optimal environmental conditions, which include a certain value of pH, temperature, and source of carbon, the cysts germinate, and the newly formed vegetative cells multiply by a simple division. During the germination, the cysts sustain damage and release a large vegetative cell. Microscopically,

neg: Unicameral bone cyst the acromion to the midpoint of the cyst are measured by a digital radiograph or MRI scan. A small, longitudinal skin incision, about 1 cm long, is made at the center of the cyst. Next, by using a trephine or drill bit, a small aperture is made inside the incision. Fluids contained in the cyst are drained and curved, metal impactors are used to break any septa, or membranes, within the cyst. Curettes are then used to remove the entire cyst from the diaphysis. After the removal of the cystic membrane, a 95% ethanol solution is injected into the cavity

neg: Naegleria organism spends the most time in, and also the reproductive phase. Reproduction occurs here by binary fission and it can reproduce every 1.6 hours on a bacterial diet. Reproductive division involves promitosis, or intranuclear mitosis, which does not occur with nuclear envelope breakdown. Sexual reproduction has not been observed in this genus but the genes for meiosis do exist in the genome. The cyst stage is a double walled spherical stage. The double wall consists of a thick endocyst and a thin endocyst. The cyst contains usually 2-8 pores (often depending on the species) and is formed when conditions become

neg: Gartner's duct cyst small association between Gartner's duct cysts and metanephric urinary anomalies, such as ectopic ureter & ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. Symptoms of a Gartner's duct cyst include: infections, bladder dysfunction, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and urinary incontinence. Gartner's duct cyst A Gartner's duct cyst (sometimes incorrectly referred to as "vaginal inclusion cyst") is a benign vaginal cyst that originates from the Gartner's duct, which is a vestigial remnant of the mesonephric duct (wolffian duct) in females. They are typically small asymptomatic cysts that occur along the lateral walls of the vagina, following the course of the duct. They can present in adolescence

neg: Sebaceous cyst Sebaceous cyst A sebaceous cyst is a term commonly used to refer to either: Both of the above types of cyst contain keratin, not sebum, and neither originates from sebaceous glands. Epidermoid cysts originate in the epidermis and pilar cysts originate from hair follicles. Therefore, technically speaking they are not sebaceous cysts. "True" sebaceous cysts, cysts which originate from sebaceous glands and which contain sebum, are relatively rare and are known as steatocystoma simplex or, if multiple, as steatocystoma multiplex. Medical professionals have suggested that the term "sebaceous cyst" be avoided since it can be misleading. In practice, however, the

neg: Vaginal cysts cyst comprises 23% of all vaginal cysts and is the second most common. This cyst originates from epithelium tissue that has been 'trapped' from surgery, episiotomy, or other trauma. It is most often found on the lower posterior vaginal wall. An epidermoid cyst is one type of vaginal cyst. Inclusion cysts are small and located on the posterior, lower end of the vagina. Small pieces of vaginal epithelium are trapped beneath the surface due to perineal lacerations and imperfect surgical repair after an episiotomy. A Gartner's duct cyst develops from a small tissue remnant of the mesonephric duct. Symptoms include:

neg: Odontogenic cyst and nasolabial duct cyst are not of odontogenic origin. In addition, there are several conditions with so-called (radiographic) 'pseudocystic appearance' in jaws; ranging from anatomic variants such as Stafne static bone cyst, to the aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst. Most cysts in the body are benign (dysfunctional) tumors, the result of plugged ducts or other natural body outlets for secretions. However, sometimes these masses are considered neoplasm: Treatment ranges from simple enucleation of the cyst to curettage to resection. For example, small radicular cyst may resolved after successful endodontic ("root-canal") treatment. Because of high recurrence potential and aggressive behaviour, curettage is

neg: Streptocephalus sirindhornae grasp the female during mating. Furthermore, the female shrimp has a brood pouch attached to the base of the tail and last set of swimming appendages, which is used to hold the eggs (cysts) before and during fertilization, as well as throughout egg development. Once substantially developed, the eggs are then birthed from the brood pouch. Like other fairy shrimp, "S. sirnindhornae" share the universal ability to enter diapause, a state of biological dormancy where growth and metabolism are arrested, as an egg (commonly called a cyst). This trait assists in both species dispersal and in overcoming adverse environmental conditions

neg: Dysentery leave the body, they group together and form a shell that surrounds and protects them. This group of amoebae is known as a cyst, which is then passed out of the person's body in the feces and can survive outside the body. If hygiene standards are poor — for example, if the person does not dispose of the feces hygienically — then it can contaminate the surroundings, such as nearby food and water. If another person then eats or drinks food or water that has been contaminated with feces containing the cyst, that person will also become infected with the

neg: Breast cyst in order to avoid the formation of the cysts include practicing good health and avoiding certain medications, eating a balanced diet, taking necessary vitamins and supplements, getting exercise, and avoiding stress. Although caffeine consumption does not have a scientifically proved connection with the process of cyst development, many women claim that their symptoms are relieved if avoiding it. Some doctors recommend reducing the amount of caffeine in one's diet in terms of both beverages and foods (such as chocolate). Also reducing salt intake may help in alleviating the symptoms of breast cysts, although, again, there is no scientific linkage between

neg: Gynecomastia adrenal, or other tumors such as urinary 17-ketosteroid or serum dehydroepiandrosterone may also be checked if there is evidence of hormonal imbalance on physical examination. If high levels of If this evaluation does not reveal the cause of gynecomastia, then it is considered to be idiopathic gynecomastia (of unclear cause). Other causes of male breast enlargement such as mastitis, breast cancer, pseudogynecomastia, lipoma, sebaceous cyst, dermoid cyst, hematoma, metastasis, ductal ectasia, fat necrosis, or a hamartoma are typically excluded before making the diagnosis. Another condition that may be confused with gynecomastia is enlargement of the pectoralis muscles. Mammography is the

neg: Dentigerous cyst done. Dentigerous cyst A dentigerous cyst or follicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst – thought to be of developmental origin – associated with the crown of an unerupted (or partially erupted) tooth. The cyst cavity is lined by epithelial cells derived from the reduced enamel epithelium of the tooth forming organ. Regarding its pathogenesis, it has been suggested that the pressure exerted by an erupting tooth on the follicle may obstruct venous flow inducing accumulation of exudate between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown. In addition to the developmental origin, some authors have suggested that periapical inflammation of

neg: Dentigerous cyst Dentigerous cyst A dentigerous cyst or follicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst – thought to be of developmental origin – associated with the crown of an unerupted (or partially erupted) tooth. The cyst cavity is lined by epithelial cells derived from the reduced enamel epithelium of the tooth forming organ. Regarding its pathogenesis, it has been suggested that the pressure exerted by an erupting tooth on the follicle may obstruct venous flow inducing accumulation of exudate between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown. In addition to the developmental origin, some authors have suggested that periapical inflammation of non-vital