query: who was known for a policy of blood and iron

pos: Blood and Iron (speech) decided—that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by iron and blood ("Eisen und Blut")." This phrase, relying on a patriotic poem written by Max von Schenkendorf during the Napoleonic Wars, was popularized as the more euphonious "Blut und Eisen" ("Blood and Iron"), and became symbolic of Bismarckian "Machtpolitik" ("Power politics"). Although Bismarck was an outstanding diplomat, the phrase "blood and iron" has become a popular description of his foreign policy partly because he did on occasion resort to war to further the unification of Germany and the expansion of its continental power. Therefore he became known as "the

pos: Blood and Iron (speech) iron chancellor." Blood and Iron (speech) Blood and Iron (German: "Blut und Eisen") is the name given to a speech made by Otto von Bismarck given on 30 September 1862, at the time when he was Minister President of Prussia, about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations. In September 1862, when the Prussian House of Representatives was refusing to approve an increase in military spending desired by King Wilhelm I, the monarch appointed Bismarck Minister

pos: Frederick III, German Emperor Roon appointed Otto von Bismarck, who had offered to push through the military reform even against the majority of the Diet, as Minister-President. The appointment of Bismarck, an authoritarian who would often ignore or overrule the Diet, set Frederick on a collision course with his father and led to his exclusion from affairs of state for the rest of William's reign. Frederick insisted on bloodless "moral conquests", unifying Germany by liberal and peaceful means, but it was Bismarck's policy of blood and iron that prevailed. His protests against William's rule peaked at Danzig on 4 June 1863, where at an

pos: Blood and Iron (speech) Blood and Iron (speech) Blood and Iron (German: "Blut und Eisen") is the name given to a speech made by Otto von Bismarck given on 30 September 1862, at the time when he was Minister President of Prussia, about the unification of the German territories. It is also a transposed phrase that Bismarck uttered near the end of the speech that has become one of his most widely known quotations. In September 1862, when the Prussian House of Representatives was refusing to approve an increase in military spending desired by King Wilhelm I, the monarch appointed Bismarck Minister President and

pos: Unification of Germany speeches and majority decisions—that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by iron and blood." Bismarck's words, "iron and blood" (or "blood and iron", as often attributed), have often been misappropriated as evidence of a German lust for blood and power. First, the phrase from his speech "the great questions of time will not be resolved by speeches and majority decisions" is often interpreted as a repudiation of the political process—a repudiation Bismarck did not himself advocate. Second, his emphasis on blood and iron did not imply simply the unrivaled military might of the Prussian army but rather two

pos: German Empire world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [devoting] himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers". This was a departure from his adventurous foreign policy for Prussia, where he favored strength and expansion, punctuating this by saying "The great question of the age are not settled by speeches and majority votes - this was the error of 1848-49 - but by iron and blood." Bismarck's chief concern was that France would plot revenge after its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. As the French lacked the strength to defeat Germany by

pos: Hellboy: Blood and Iron Hellboy: Blood and Iron Hellboy: Blood and Iron is the second in the Hellboy Animated series (the first being ""), written by Tad Stones and Mike Mignola. It first aired on March 17, 2007 on Cartoon Network, and aired again on July 19, 2008 to promote the release of "", and was released on DVD by Anchor Bay Entertainment on March 10, 2007. The film's storyline is based in part upon the "" storyline from the original comics. The title is a reference to Otto von Bismarck's famous "Blood and Iron speech." Also included on the DVD is the short

neg: Iron deficiency result. A lack of sufficient iron levels in the blood is a reason that some people cannot donate blood. Though genetic defects causing iron deficiency have been studied in rodents, there are no known genetic disorders of human iron metabolism that directly cause iron deficiency. Possible reasons that athletics may contribute to lower iron levels includes mechanical hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells from physical impact), loss of iron through sweat and urine, gastrointestinal blood loss, and haematuria (presence of blood in urine). Although small amounts of iron are excreted in sweat and urine, these losses can generally be seen

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia long-term and irreversible cognitive problems in the baby. Babies are at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia due to their rapid growth. Their need for iron is greater than they are getting in their diet. Babies are born with iron stores; however, these iron stores typically run out by 4-6 months of age. In addition, infants who are given cow's milk too early can develop anemia due to gastrointestinal blood loss. Children who are at risk for iron-deficiency anemia include: Frequent blood donors are also at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. When whole blood is donated, approximately 200mg

neg: Blood transfusion as chest pain or shortness of breath. In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety. Other blood products are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies. Before a blood transfusion is given, there are many steps taken to ensure quality of the blood products, compatibility, and safety to the recipient. In 2012, a national blood policy was in place in 70% of countries and 62% of countries had specific legislation that covers the safety and quality of blood transfusion. Blood transfusions typically use

neg: Clement Finch research on how iron metabolizes in the blood helped with blood disorders characterized by either an excess or inadequate supply of iron in the blood stream, such as anemia and hemochromatosis, and also focused his work on further understanding Erythropoiesis, a process by which red blood cells are produced. During a period in which little was known about iron-deficiency anemia, how often it occurred or the principles of iron metabolism, Finch made significant findings in his research at the University of Washington throughout his 60-year tenure using radioisotopes to measure the body's production of red cells and their life span.

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia more severe, if the anemia does not respond to oral treatments, or if the treated person does not tolerate oral iron supplementation, then other measures may become necessary. Two options are intravenous iron injections and blood transfusion. Intravenous can be for people who do not tolerate oral iron or who require iron on a long term basis. For example, people receiving dialysis treatment who are also getting erythropoietin or another erythropoiesis-stimulating agent are given parenteral iron, which helps the body respond to the erythropoietin agents to produce red blood cells. Intravenous iron can induce an allergic response that can be

neg: Chicken and duck blood soup Chicken and duck blood soup Chicken and duck blood soup () is a Shanghainese soup-based blood dish, using the blood of chicken and duck as a principal ingredient. Created by Xu Fuquan, a hawker from Shanghai, and described to be sour and spicy in taste, the dish is viewed as a healthy food with medicinal value in Shanghai. Chicken and duck blood soup was invented by little-known Shanghainese hawker Xu Fuquan, who made the dish by mixing hot chicken and duck blood with the head and feet of a chicken, before boiling it in an iron pot, which he dubbed

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia women of childbearing age, heavy menstrual periods can be a source of blood loss causing iron-deficiency anemia. People who do not consume much iron in their diet, such as vegans or vegetarians, are also at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. The leading cause of iron-deficiency anemia worldwide is a parasitic disease known as a helminthiasis caused by infestation with parasitic worms (helminths); specifically, hookworms. The hookworms most commonly responsible for causing iron-deficiency anemia include "Ancylostoma duodenale", "Ancylostoma ceylanicum", and "Necator americanus". The World Health Organization estimates that approximately two billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths worldwide. Parasitic

neg: Red blood cell (the remaining oxygen is carried dissolved in the blood plasma). The red blood cells of an average adult human male store collectively about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the total iron contained in the body. Red blood cells in mammals "anucleate" when mature, meaning that they lack a cell nucleus. In comparison, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the only known exceptions are salamanders of the genus "Batrachoseps" and fish of the genus "Maurolicus". The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as an explanation for the subsequent accumulation

neg: Children of Blood and Bone messages and tasks(Ramos). She is the goddess of wind, and in her "Children of Blood and Bone" origin story, she was said to have taken the air from the breath of Sky Mother. "Winders:" Winders have not been introduced to Tomi Adeyemi's world in great detail yet. There are no known Winders in the first book. This clan of maji is associated with Ógún"." He is an Orïsha that rules over iron and all things that consist of iron. He is known for welding and creating civilization. He is a deity known to be fair and grounded in his perception

neg: J. G. Jolly J. G. Jolly Dr. Jai Gopal Jolly, famously known as Dr. J. G. Jolly (born 1 October 1926) is an Indian physician and Emeritus Professor of the Department of Transfusion Medicine at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. He is an internationally known expert in the field of blood transfusion, who pioneered the voluntary blood donation movement in India, and is regarded as the "Father of Transfusion Medicine in India". He spearheaded the campaign to prohibit sale and purchase of blood from professional donors in India, which was later incorporated into the National Blood Policy

neg: Ahnenpass not use the phrase "of German blood", but instead used the terminology "German or racially related blood". Those Poles, Czechs and others from German minorities who held citizenship of other countries were also known as Volksdeutsche. Ethnic(non-German) Poles, Czechs and other Slavs weren't considered Aryans by Nazi Germany A definition of Aryan that included all non-Jewish Europeans was deemed unacceptable by Nazis, and Expert Advisor for Population and Racial Policy included a definition defining Aryan as someone who is "tribally" related to "German blood" The implementing decree followed the pre-Nazi trend found in the Aryan Paragraph and read in pertinent

neg: Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft is a 3D fighting game released for PC and PlayStation. "Iron & Blood" is based on Ravenloft, a campaign setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy roleplaying game. Players choose a hero or villain to control. The following table lists them close to the way they appear on the character selection screen: "Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft" was developed by Take-Two Interactive. Creator/producer Rick Hall stated, "There are a lot of big guns out there and we noticed everyone's games are martial arts-based, but there weren't any

neg: Cam Pipes Cam Pipes Cam Pipes is a Canadian heavy metal musician, who performed as the lead vocalist and bassist in the Canadian heavy metal band 3 Inches of Blood. He performs a falsetto vocal style reminiscent of Udo Dirkschneider and King Diamond. Pipes was the only member of 3 Inches of Blood to have been featured on all of their albums, although he was not a founding member of the band. Pipes' influences include Iron Maiden, Twisted Sister, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Accept and classical music. Pipes formerly played bass for black metal band Allfather. Pipes was also known for playing

neg: Shoshenq I conquered territories from an old Pharaoh's conquest list. As an addendum to his foreign policy, Shoshenq I carved a report of campaigns in Nubia and Israel, with a detailed list of conquests in Israel. This is the first military action outside Egypt formally commemorated for several centuries. This report of conquests is the only surviving late Iron Age text concerning Canaan. Libyan concepts of rule allowed for the parallel existence of leaders who were related by marriage and blood. Shoshenq and his immediate successors used that practice to consolidate their grasp on all of Egypt. Shoshenq terminated the hereditary succession

neg: Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft laughably anachronistic against the medieval visuals." Scary Larry remarked in "GamePro" that "There's no strategy (we beat the game using a single button) ... Fighters get hit, then end up with their backs to an opponent; you hit a walled ring that can hurt you more than the enemy; and the moves are basic." According to GameSpy, "A bargain-bin game from the day it was released, "Iron & Blood" is best forgotten." Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft is a 3D fighting game released for PC and PlayStation. "Iron & Blood" is based on

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia the small intestine, iron travels through blood, bound to transferrin, and eventually ends up in the bone marrow, where it is involved in red blood cell formation. When red blood cells are degraded, the iron is recycled by the body and stored. When the amount of iron needed by the body exceeds the amount of iron that is readily available, the body can use iron stores (ferritin) for a period of time, and red blood cell formation continues normally. However, as these stores continue to be used, iron is eventually depleted to the point that red blood cell formation is

neg: Kalevala (synopses) stop his blood flowing, however nobody is capable, until he finds an old man in a small dwelling who says he is capable. Runo IX. – The Origin of Iron. The old man greets Väinämöinen and asks him, in amazement of the enormous loss of blood, who he is. He informs Väinämöinen that he can heal him, but he cannot quite remember the origin of iron, if he knew then the wound could be closed and the flow of blood stopped. Väinämöinen proceeds to tell of the origin of Iron, of the great daughters of creation and the breast milk

neg: Eastern Iron Brigade upon the altar of our country, and have been consecrated in the blood of fallen comrades. You have gained a name and a reputation of incalculable value, and should be enshrined in the memory of a grateful commonwealth."" There were and are other Iron Brigades, known to some extent, by the same moniker: Shelby's Iron Brigade was a Confederate cavalry brigade also known as the "Missouri Iron Brigade". The Confederate Iron Brigade was part of the division, commanded by Brig. Gen. Joseph O. "Jo" Shelby, in the Army of Arkansas and fought in Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's Missouri Expedition, in

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia as serious as anaphylaxis, although different formulations have decreased the likelihood of this adverse effect. In certain cases intravenous iron is both safer and more effective than the oral route. For patients with severe anemia such as from blood loss, or who have severe symptoms such as cardiovascular instability, a blood transfusion may be considered. A moderate degree of iron-deficiency anemia affects approximately 610 million people worldwide or 8.8% of the population. It is slightly more common in females (9.9%) than males (7.8%). Up to 15% of children ages 1-3 years have iron deficiency anemia. Mild iron deficiency anemia affects

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia of iron is also lost from the body. The blood bank screens people for anemia before drawing blood for donation. If the patient has anemia, blood is not drawn. Less iron is lost if the person is donating platelets or white blood cells. Anemia can result from significant iron deficiency. When the body has sufficient iron to meet its needs (functional iron), the remainder is stored for later use in cells, mostly in the bone marrow and liver. These stores are called ferritin complexes and are part of the human (and other animals) iron metabolism systems. Men store about 3.5g

neg: Iron supplement dose limit. This formulation has the benefit of giving a full iron correction in a single visit. Follow-up is needed to ensure compliance and to detect adequate response to therapy. The interval of follow up can widely depend on both the method of administration, and the underlying pathology. For parenteral irons it is recommended that there be a period of 4 weeks before repeating blood test to allow the body to utilise the iron. For oral iron, this can take considerably longer, so waiting 3 months may be appropriate. Iron supplement Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron

neg: Known Unknowns conference). While arguing about this, House has an epiphany about Jordan's condition. It turns out that Jordan has vibrio vulnificus caused by the vibrio in the oysters Jordan had the previous night. She has hemochromatosis, which gave her a unique susceptibility to vibrio, which was what caused her swollen joints. However, this got attributed to bulimia so she got supplements that had iron in them. The iron stressed her liver, causing the bleeding. This led to more blood transfusions, giving her more blood, causing even more bleeding. The team starts Jordan on high-dose ceftazidime for the vibrio and chelate for

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia of iron in their body, and women store about 2.5g. Iron is a mineral that is important in the formation of red blood cells in the body, particularly as a critical component of hemoglobin. About 70% of the iron found in the body is bound to hemoglobin. Iron is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, in particular the duodenum and jejunum. Certain factors increase or decrease absorption of iron. For example, taking Vitamin C with a source of iron is known to increase absorption. Some medications such as tetracyclines and antacids can decrease absorption of iron. After being absorbed in

neg: South African National Blood Service from high risk groups. Health minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang raised concerns that the policy was racist. SANBS changed the policy later that week. Dr. Loyiso Mpuntsha, a black woman who was once rejected as a blood donor, was the SANBS CEO until March 2015. Previously, the SANBS also excluded homosexual males who have had sex with another male within five years, as the SANBS saw them as high risk carriers of HIV/AIDS. After an outcry, this ruling was changed in 2006 to allow homosexual men to donate, provided that they have been celibate for at least six months. This policy was

neg: Blading (professional wrestling) blade themselves. In most cases, any blood coming from the wrestlers is unintentional. To maintain their TV-PG rating, WWE television programs shift to black-and-white if a wrestler bleeds in front of the camera. Impact Wrestling, formerly known as Total Nonstop Action (TNA) Wrestling used blading frequently until adopting a new no blood policy in 2014. Wrestlers Abyss and Raven were famed for the matches involving the most blood in TNA before the new policy in 2014. Perhaps the most famous such incident was a bladejob performed by Japanese wrestler The Great Muta in a 1992 match with Hiroshi Hase; the

neg: Hypochromic anemia acquired form of anemia is also known as Faber's syndrome. It may also occur from severe stomach or intestinal bleeding caused by ulcers or medications such as aspirin or bleeding from hemorrhoids. Hypochromic anemia occurs in patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload. The condition is autosomal recessive and is caused by mutations in the SLC11A2 gene. The condition prevents red blood cells from accessing iron in the blood, which causes anemia that is apparent at birth. It can lead to pallor, fatigue, and slow growth. The iron overload aspect of the disorder means that the iron accumulates in

neg: Superficial siderosis presented. Patients with superficial siderosis are often treated with deferiprone, a lipid-soluble iron chelator, as this medication has been demonstrated to chelate iron in the central nervous system. While on this drug you will need a frequent blood test (weekly) to keep an eye on the blood levels as this drug is known to lower certain blood levels such as the neutrophils and WBC (white blood count) and etc. While it is ok if these levels go low in the average person, if they go low while taking Deferiprone Ferriprox it can cause life-threatening infections that can result in death.

neg: American Red Cross bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) advocacy organizations for prohibiting men who have sex with men (MSM) from donating blood. This policy was an FDA requirement for all blood collection companies and organizations in the United States. Specifically, the FDA instructs blood collection organizations to "defer for 12 months from the most recent sexual contact, a man who has had sex with another man during the past 12 months". Consequently, ARC was legally unable to collect blood from such men. In 2006, along with the AABB and America's Blood Centers, ARC petitioned the FDA to remove the requirement from blood donations, citing

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy man who has had sex with another man to donate blood openly in the Republic of Ireland since the lifetime deferral policy was first introduced in the 1980s. However he also criticised the new 12 month deferral policy on MSM and called on Ireland's Health Minister to initiate a review of the IBTS and replace the 12 month deferral period for MSM with no deferral or a 3 month deferral on all donors following sexual intercourse. A similar policy exists in the rest of the European Union and is the prevailing interpretation of the European Union Directive 2004/33/EC article 2.1

neg: Iron deficiency foods in heme and non-heme iron. In both tables, food serving sizes may differ from the usual 100g quantity for relevancy reasons. Arbitrarily, the guideline is set at 18 mg, which is the USDA Recommended Dietary Allowance for women aged between 19 and 50. Iron deficiency can have serious health consequences that diet may not be able to quickly correct; hence, an iron supplement is often necessary if the iron deficiency has become symptomatic. Blood transfusion is sometimes used to treat iron deficiency with hemodynamic instability. Sometimes transfusions are considered for people who have chronic iron deficiency or who will

neg: Blood donation in England for a few days, regular and frequent donors are in great demand and that is why platelet donors are asked to attend at least 8 - 10 times per year. The service had come under criticism for a long implemented policy of banning men who have sex with men (MSM) from ever being blood donors. University students in both England and Scotland protested against the ban, and University of Birmingham's Guild of Students banned the National Blood Service from setting up a recruitment stall during Freshers' week. The policy was changed in 2011 to prevent MSMs from donating for 12

neg: Jake Ellenberger Jake Ellenberger Jacob Steven "Jake" Ellenberger (born March 28, 1985) is a retired American mixed martial artist and former United States Marine who was known for competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional competitor since 2005, Ellenberger has formerly competed for the Quad Cities Silverbacks of the IFL, Bodog Fight, and King of the Cage. Jake Ellenberger was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Jake's father was an iron worker, and Jake has a twin brother named Joe who is also an MMA fighter. After starting his career with a 10-0 record, Joe was diagnosed with an extremely rare blood

neg: Blood Brothers (comics) Blood Brothers (comics) The Blood Brothers are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Blood Brothers first appeared in "Iron Man" #55 (Feb. 1973) and were created by Jim Starlin. Following their debut, the Blood Brothers returned in a Starlin/Friedrich story in "Marvel Feature" #12 (Nov. 1973), again fighting the superhero Iron Man, here teamed with Fantastic Four member The Thing. The Blood Brothers continued as Iron Man antagonists in "Iron Man" #88-89 (Aug.-Oct. 1976), then disappeared from publication for several years before resurfacing to battle the titular superhero team in "The Avengers" #252-253 (Feb.

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia requires further investigation into its cause. It can be caused by increased iron demand, increased iron loss, or decreased iron intake. Increased iron demand often occurs during periods of growth, such as in children and pregnant women. For example, during stages of rapid growth, babies and adolescents may outpace their dietary intake of iron which can result in deficiency in the absence of disease or a grossly abnormal diet. Iron loss is typically from blood loss. One example of blood loss is by chronic gastrointestinal blood loss, which could be linked to a possible malignancy. In

neg: Blood Falls Blood Falls Blood Falls is an outflow of an iron oxide-tainted plume of saltwater, flowing from the tongue of Taylor Glacier onto the ice-covered surface of West Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Victoria Land, East Antarctica. Iron-rich hypersaline water sporadically emerges from small fissures in the ice cascades. The saltwater source is a subglacial pool of unknown size overlain by about of ice several kilometers from its tiny outlet at Blood Falls. The reddish deposit was found in 1911 by the Australian geologist Griffith Taylor, who first explored the valley that bears his

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia known as pagophagia, has been suggested to be the most specific for iron deficiency anemia. Other possible symptoms and signs of iron-deficiency anemia include: Iron-deficiency anemia is associated with poor neurological development, including decreased learning ability and altered motor functions. This is because iron deficiency impacts the development of the cells of the brain called neurons. When the body is low on iron, the red blood cells get priority on iron and it is shifted away from the neurons of the brain. Exact causation has not been established, but there is a possible long-term impact from these neurological issues. A

neg: Iron poisoning since 1998. No known cases of iron poisoning have been identified that are associated with iron mining. The first indication of iron poisoning by ingestion is stomach pain, as iron is corrosive to the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach. Nausea and vomiting are also common symptoms and bloody vomiting may occur. The pain then abates for 24 hours as the iron passes deeper into the body, resulting in metabolic acidosis, which in turn damages internal organs, particularly the brain and the liver. Iron poisoning can cause hypovolemic shock due to iron's potent ability to dilate the blood

neg: Yu-Ti of a sacrifice to Master Khan. Nu-An stated to Iron Fist that Master Khan was the god that was worshipped by the people of K'un-L'un who provided him with blood sacrifices. Nu-An mentioned that Shou-Lao had been the vessel for the sacrifices until Iron Fist had slayed him. As Nu-An raises the sacrificial blade in preparation for Iron Fist's sacrifice, Power Man and Lei Kung arrived to rescue Iron Fist. Power Man managed to shatter the sacrificial blade, knock aside Nu-An, and free Iron Fist. When Nu-An called for Master Khan for help, Master Khan summoned a ninja while Nu-An

neg: Iron triangle (US politics) Iron triangle (US politics) In United States politics, the iron triangle comprises the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, and interest groups. The earlier known mention of ‘iron triangle’ was in a 1956 Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report as “Iron triangle: Clout, background, and outlook” and as “Chinks in the Iron Triangle?” Central to the concept of an iron triangle is the assumption that bureaucratic agencies, as political entities, seek to create and consolidate their own power base. In this view an agency's power is determined by its constituency, not by its consumers. (For these purposes, "constituents" are politically

neg: Cunninghamella bertholletiae as low pH decreases affinity of transferrin for iron, freeing iron from its usual sequestration in blood and making if more available for fungal exploitation. Because a primary factor in patient susceptibility to "C. bertholletiae" is increased iron availability, any condition that increases blood iron availability creates an increased risk of infection. Patients undergoing iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine are also at risk of infection, because this treatment also increases accessible iron for "C. bertholletiae". Furthermore, "C. bertholletiae" was identified as the causative agent of a fatal case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a patient with hemochromatosis, expanding the recognized risk

neg: Red blood cell Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek "erythros" for "red" and "kytos" for "hollow vessel", with "-cyte" translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can

neg: Hellboy: Blood and Iron film "Iron Shoes", which is based on the . The Iron Shoes demon is voiced by Dan Castellaneta. In a series of flashbacks played in reverse chronological order it is related that in 1939, Professor Trevor Bruttenholm investigated a series of murders in Eastern Europe. Erzebet Ondrushko, a vampire who bathed in the blood of innocents to stay young, was responsible. She had sold her soul to the Queen of Witches, the goddess Hecate, and had just kidnapped the fiancée of one of the townsmen. When the search party confronted Erzebet in her castle, all members of the party were

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy the same policy used for any sexual partner of someone in a high risk group. The argument used to follow these policies is that blood should be collected from a population that is at low risk for disease, since the tests are not perfect and human error may lead to infected units not being properly discarded, and these population groups would be considered a high risk. The policy was first put in place in 1983 by the FDA, which regulates blood donations to profit and non-profit organizations. Donors of what the FDA calls "HCT/P's", a category that includes transplants (other

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia worms cause both inflammation and chronic blood loss by binding to a human's small-intestinal mucosa, and through their means of feeding and degradation, they can ultimately cause iron-deficiency anemia. Red blood cells contain iron, so blood loss also leads to a loss of iron. There are several causes of blood loss including menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach ulcers, and bleeding disorders. The bleeding may occur quickly or slowly. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body — such as from a peptic ulcer, angiodysplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, a colon polyp or gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., colon cancer)— can cause iron-deficiency anemia. Menstrual

neg: Beef entrails formed in the first trimester of pregnancy. Vitamin B-6 helps produce serotonin to regulate moods and sleep cycle, and vitamin B-12 is essential for nerves and red blood cells. Also, beef liver is well known as a source of iron. A 3-ounce serving supplies 31 percent of women's and 70 percent of men's recommended daily allowance. Iron is used in producing red blood cells and thus intake more can prevent anemia. Unfortunately, beef liver is very high in cholesterol. In fact, the American Heart Association suggests people to limit their intake of cholesterol to 300 milligrams or less per day,

neg: God Save the Queen (comics) Faerie and explains how cold iron kills fairy. He also tells her that the hot iron in human blood is poison too, but a changelings blood takes the edge of it and mixing it with charmed heroin is what gives it the kick. Linda makes love to Verian, who later on tries to make a hit using her father's christening spoon which he drops, as it is made of iron. The Puck then comes to Verian's room with a bag of heroin and tells Linda that he saw Death go in the corridor and she was with Linda's friend. Linda

neg: Erythroferrone iron-deficiency anemia has been suggested. Erythroferrone levels in blood have been shown by immunoassay to be higher after blood loss or erythropoetin administration. Patients with beta-thalassemia have very high levels, and these decrease after blood transfusion. In children with iron-deficiency anemia, serum erythroferrone levels were raised. Inverse associations were shown between erythroferrone concentrations and hemoglobin, iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. Erythroferrone Erythroferrone is a protein hormone, abbreviated as ERFE, encoded in humans by the "FAM132B" gene. Erythroferrone is produced by erythroblasts, inhibits the action of hepcidin, and so increases the amount of iron available for hemoglobin synthesis. It was

neg: Iron polymaltose ferritin concentration, low transferrin saturation). The drug has been on the market since 1978 and is approved in over 85 countries. In many countries it is known with brand name Maltofer(R). The drug is absorbed in the small intestine, primarily in the duodenum and jejunum. Absorption occurs via a controlled, active mechanism. No passive diffusion takes place, which ensures that practically no unbound (to transferrin) iron reaches the blood. The absorbed iron is primarily stored in the liver as ferritin (protein used for iron storage) and subsequently made available to the body for various functions, primarily for incorporation into the

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia bleeding is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia in women of child bearing age. Women with menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods) are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because they are at higher-than-normal risk of losing a larger amount blood during menstruation than is replaced in their diet. Most women lose about 40 mL of blood per cycle. Iron is lost with the blood. Some birth control methods, such as pills and IUDs, may decrease the amount of blood, therefore iron lost during a menstrual cycle. The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and post-menopausal women is gastrointestinal

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom claims that they will "push for consultation on reducing the 12-month blood donation deferral period for men who have sex with men, based on individual risk assessment where the donor is identified to be not at risk of passing infections into the blood supply" in their General Election Manifesto and LGBTIQ Manifesto. The Liberal Democrats' first opposition day motion in the 2015 Parliament called for the government to end the 'gay blood ban'. Since November 2017, a new blood donation policy within Scotland, England and Wales went into full effect. Men who have sex with men can now give blood

neg: Irish Blood Transfusion Service the first man who has had sex with another man to donate blood openly in the Republic of Ireland since the lifetime deferral policy was first introduced in the 1980s. However he also criticised the new 12 month deferral policy on MSM and called on Ireland's Health Minister to initiate a review of the IBTS and replace the 12 month deferral period for MSM with no deferral or a 3 month deferral on all donors following sexual intercourse. Previously in August 2013 Heneghan had alleged the Irish Blood Transfusion Service had discriminated against him despite his assertion that he had

neg: Blood management this question can be found in the journal, "Transfusion". Information technology can be useful in implementing a patient blood management policy, this includes: Blood management Patient Blood Management (PBM) is a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach to optimizing the care of patients who might need a blood transfusion. Patient blood management represents an international initiative in best practice for transfusion medicine that is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Establishing a patient blood management strategy requires leadership and support from national and regional government policymakers and managers, healthcare professionals, and patients. Patients are an essential part of planning, implementing and evaluating

neg: Beta thalassemia in Europe in 2018. Iron overload is an unavoidable consequence of chronic transfusion therapy, necessary for patients with beta thalassemia. Iron chelation is a medical therapy that avoids the complications of iron overload. The iron overload can be removed by Deferasirox, an oral iron chelator, which has a dose- dependent effect on iron burden. Every unit of transfused blood contains 200–250 mg of iron and the body has no natural mechanism to remove excess iron. Deferasirox is a vital part in the patients health after blood transfusions.During normal iron homeostasis the circulating iron is bound to transferrin, but with an

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy Ireland, which still has a 12 month deferral period in place. The Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs recommended the policy change after a study concluded that a total ban may breach equality legislation and that the risk of HIV reaching the blood supply would only increase by approximately 2%. In Ireland, men who have sex with men (MSM) may donate blood if they have not engaged in oral or anal sex with another man at least 12 months prior to a donation. This policy came into effect from 16 January 2017. On 27 July 2015,

neg: Gadadhar Singha Singha retook Guwahati from the Mughals for good, and established a strong rule of 'blood and iron'. He came into conflict with the Vaishnava "sattra" and made way for Rudra Singha, his son and succeeding king, to take the kingdom to its zenith. Gadadhar Singha shifted the kingdom's capital to Barkola close to Garhgaon. Gadadhar Singha, known as Langi Gadapani, was the son of Gobar Gohain who was made the king by Debera Borbarua in 1675. Gobar Raja was the king for only 20 days and was executed after the fall of Debera Borbarua at the hands of the forces

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom The MSM blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom refers to the deferral policy of men who have had sex with men (MSM) in the United Kingdom who wish to donate their blood to the National Blood Service (NBS). In 1980, MSM were placed under a lifetime ban in terms of blood donation due to the HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s. However, in September 2011 this lifetime ban was lifted in all parts of the UK (excluding Northern Ireland until September 2016), and a 1-year ban was

neg: Chris Cosentino Chris Cosentino Chris Cosentino is an American celebrity chef and reality television personality known as the winner of "Top Chef Masters", a competitor on "The Next Iron Chef" and for his appearances on "Iron Chef America". He is known for his haute cuisine offal dishes, and was chef-partner at "Incanto" in San Francisco. "Forbes Traveler" called "Incanto" "perhaps America’s most adventurous nose-to-tail restaurant … On offer are lamb’s necks, pig trotters and a five-course nose-to-tail tasting menu perhaps including venison kidneys and chocolate-blood panna cotta." Incanto closed on March 24, 2014. In December 2014, he opened Cockscomb, a restaurant centered

neg: Chris Cosentino Cosentino announced that he would open Jackrabbit, his first restaurant outside of California, in Portland, Oregon. Chris Cosentino Chris Cosentino is an American celebrity chef and reality television personality known as the winner of "Top Chef Masters", a competitor on "The Next Iron Chef" and for his appearances on "Iron Chef America". He is known for his haute cuisine offal dishes, and was chef-partner at "Incanto" in San Francisco. "Forbes Traveler" called "Incanto" "perhaps America’s most adventurous nose-to-tail restaurant … On offer are lamb’s necks, pig trotters and a five-course nose-to-tail tasting menu perhaps including venison kidneys and chocolate-blood panna

neg: Anemia in pregnancy risk for peripartum blood product transfusion, and increased risk for maternal mortality. Symptoms may be mild such as fatigue and pallor or more severe, such as fainting or difficulty breathing. In the simplest of terms, anemia results from impaired production of red blood cells, increased destruction of red blood cells or blood loss. Anemia can be congenital (ie, conditions such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia) or acquired (ie, conditions such as iron deficiency anemia or anemia as a result of an infection). The most frequent cause of anemia in pregnancy worldwide is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron is needed

neg: Iron overload Iron overload Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) indicates accumulation of iron in the body from any cause. The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC), a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusions. Organs most commonly affected by haemochromatosis are the liver, heart, and endocrine glands. Haemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes: Diabetes in people with iron overload occurs as a result of selective iron deposition in islet beta cells in the pancreas leading to functional failure and cell death. Arthritis, from calcium pyrophosphate deposition in joints leading to

neg: Vincent Castiglia by Vincent Castiglia as its movie poster. The painting depicts the three murderers in the film. Castiglia's use of only blood and water on paper as well the technique by which it is applied to his canvases achieves more tonal range and textural possibilities than the rusty sepia one associates with blood stains. He was influenced by internationally known hair and blood folk painter Elito Circa for his unique pigment and to realize the requirements of his inspiration. His skillful handling of this iron rich pigment is a significant component, as is his personal vision and disciplined rendering of his

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy are also screened out during blood donor interviews. In December 2013, the Finnish Red Cross blood service announced it was lifting the ban and introducing a one-year deferral instead. Since 10 July 2016, France implemented a 1-year deferral period policy on all gay and bisexual men donating blood. Since 2009, the New Zealand Blood Service (NZBS) had deferred males who have had oral or anal intercourse, with or without protection, with another male for five years. From the formation of the NZBS in 1998 to 2009, the deferral period had been ten years, but reduced to five years following an

neg: HFE hereditary haemochromatosis At that time when dietary iron may have been scarcer than today, the presence of the mutant allele may have provided an evolutionary or natural selection reproductive advantage by maintaining higher iron levels in the blood. The term "haemochromatosis" is used by different sources in many different ways. It is often used to imply an association with the HFE gene. For many years, HFE was the only known gene associated with haemochromatosis, and the term "hereditary haemochromatosis" was used to describe haemochromatosis type 1. However, it is now known that there are many different genetic associations with this condition. The

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia the cause and severity of the condition. If the iron-deficiency anemia is a result of blood loss or another underlying cause, treatment is geared toward addressing the underlying cause. Most cases of iron deficiency anemia are treated with oral iron supplements. In severe acute cases, treatment measures are taken for immediate management in the interim, such as blood transfusions or intravenous iron. For less severe cases, treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes dietary changes to incorporate iron-rich foods into regular oral intake and oral iron supplementation. Foods rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can also be beneficial, since ascorbic acid enhances

neg: Iron & Blood: Warriors of Ravenloft created by motion capture filming several members of the Society for Creative Anachronism. According to Take 2, "Iron & Blood" sold above 150,000 units by the end of October 1996 and accounted for 32.0% of its revenue during that fiscal year, the total of which was $12.5 million. The company's total income in that period was $349,074. "Iron & Blood" received mostly negative reviews. Covering the PlayStation version, "Electronic Gaming Monthly"s four-man review team praised the large lineup of fighters and said the ability to earn new magic abilities in fights is innovative, but heavily criticized the fighting engine, citing

neg: Canadian Blood Services Canadian Blood Services announced that the deferral period as prescribed and enforced by Health Canada for men who have had sex with men (MSM) would be decreased from a ban for "even once since 1977" to "five years from last MSM [sexual] activity" by the summer of 2013. The new policy came into effect on July 22, 2013. In June 2016, Canadian Blood services announced that Health Canada had approved its request to shorten the MSM ban from five years to one year, with this policy change to take effect on August 15, 2016. As of August 2016 Canada's policies

neg: Iron free iron in the blood. High blood levels of free ferrous iron react with peroxides to produce highly reactive free radicals that can damage DNA, proteins, lipids, and other cellular components. Iron toxicity occurs when the cell contains free iron, which generally occurs when iron levels exceed the availability of transferrin to bind the iron. Damage to the cells of the gastrointestinal tract can also prevent them from regulating iron absorption, leading to further increases in blood levels. Iron typically damages cells in the heart, liver and elsewhere, causing adverse effects that include coma, metabolic acidosis, shock, liver failure, coagulopathy,

neg: Human iron metabolism enterocytes synthesize more Dcytb, DMT1 and ferroportin in response to iron deficiency anemia. Iron absorption from diet is enhanced in the presence of vitamin C and diminished by excess calcium, zinc, or manganese. The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. The body also absorbs less iron during times of inflammation, in order to deprive bacteria of iron. Recent discoveries demonstrate

neg: History of wound care that is caused by a deficiency of iron, where an individual doesn't contain enough red-blood cells to transport sufficient oxygen to the exterior body organs, otherwise known as tissues. Thus, with the surplus of iron in additives such as, tablets, pills, and vegetables, the effects of such a disease can be hindered or even prevented. Furthermore, in relation to wounds, it is often recommended by many doctors and surgeons that patients are encouraged to intake food and medicine that are high in iron to accelerate wound healing. Honey was utilized for its antibacterial properties that helped heal infected wounds. Moreover,

neg: American Horse West and a supporter of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. "His record as a councillor of his people and his policy in the new situation that confronted them was manly and consistent and he was known for his eloquence." American Horse was first known as Manishnee (Cannot Walk, or Played Out)" and his nickname was Spider. When he was born, his old grandfather said: 'Put him out in the sun! Let him ask his great-grandfather, the Sun, for the warm blood of a warrior!' And he had warm blood." His father Sitting-Bear, the leader of the True Oglalas, was killed

neg: Hereditary spherocytosis seen in non-hereditary spherocytosis, but they are typically more pronounced in hereditary spherocytosis. The number of immature red blood cells (reticulocyte count) will be elevated. An increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is also consistent with hereditary spherocytosis. Other protein deficiencies cause hereditary elliptocytosis, pyropoikilocytosis or stomatocytosis. In longstanding cases and in patients who have taken iron supplementation or received numerous blood transfusions, iron overload may be a significant problem. This is a potential cause of heart muscle damage and liver disease. Measuring iron stores is therefore considered part of the diagnostic approach to hereditary spherocytosis. An osmotic fragility

neg: Iron Cross (Marvel Comics) Deathloks. She thanks Namor for absolving her father of any war crimes during the Nuremberg Trials. She later battles Neo-Nazis in Germany and requests help from the All-New Invaders. They are interrupted by the Inhuman Lash, who is attempting to recruit Iron Cross, Toro, and the Neo-Nazis leader, who had no idea he was an Nuhuman. Medusa and the Inhuman Royal Court appear, so Lash leaves with the Neo-Nazi, who abandons the Nazi cause since he doesn't have pure Aryan blood. The Invaders later disband and Iron Cross returns to Germany to protect it from evil. Helmut Gruler wears an

neg: Human iron metabolism energy as ATP from a multi-step process known as cellular respiration, more specifically from oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial cristae. Iron is present in the iron-sulfur clusters and heme groups of the electron transport chain proteins that generate a proton gradient that allows ATP synthase to synthesize ATP (chemiosmosis). Heme groups are part of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that serves to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Heme groups are also present in myoglobin to store and diffuse oxygen in muscle cells. The human body needs iron for oxygen transport. Oxygen (O) is required

neg: Staphylococcus epidermidis aureus", the cell walls of "S. epidermidis" have a transferrin-binding protein that helps the organism obtain iron from transferrin. The tetramers of a surface exposed protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are believed to bind to transferrin and remove its iron. Subsequent steps include iron being transferred to surface lipoproteins, then to transport proteins which carry the iron into the cell. The ability to form biofilms on plastic devices is a major virulence factor for "S. epidermidis". One probable cause is surface proteins that bind blood and extracellular matrix proteins. It produces an extracellular material known as polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), which is

neg: Kathryn B. H. Clancy Kathryn B. H. Clancy Kathryn Bridges Harley Clancy (also known as Kate Clancy) is an American biological anthropologist who specialises in reproductive health. She is Associate Professor at the University of Illinois, in the Department of Anthropology. Her additional research and policy advocacy work focuses on sexual harassment in science and academia. Clancy's fertility research focuses on menstruation and variability in endometrial function. Clancy's early published research demonstrated that, contrary to previous belief, menstruation does not increase risk for iron-deficiency anemia. Instead, Clancy and colleagues show that a thicker endometrium is associated with greater iron reserves amongst healthy women. Clancy's

neg: Serum iron in other molecules in cells throughout the body. None of this iron is directly accessible by testing the serum. However, some iron is circulating in the serum. Transferrin is a molecule produced by the liver that binds one or two iron(III) ions, i.e. ferric iron, Fe; transferrin is essential if stored iron is to be moved and used. Most of the time, about 30% of the available sites on the transferrin molecule are filled. The test for serum iron uses blood drawn from veins to measure the iron molecules that are bound to transferrin, and circulating in the blood. The

neg: Iron-deficiency anemia abnormal. Ultimately, anemia ensues, which by definition is a hemoglobin lab value below normal limits. Conventionally, a definitive diagnosis requires a demonstration of depleted body iron stores obtained by bone marrow aspiration, with the marrow stained for iron. However, with the availability of reliable blood tests that can be more readily collected for iron-deficiency anemia diagnosis, a bone marrow aspiration is usually not obtained. Furthermore, a study published April 2009 questions the value of stainable bone marrow iron following parenteral iron therapy. Once iron deficiency anemia is confirmed, gastrointestinal blood loss is presumed to be the cause until proven otherwise

neg: Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom put in place for MSM who are sexually active, regardless of whether safe sex practises were undertaken. The NBS argues that this policy is necessary in order to protect public health and minimise the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV. The policy has been adopted based on the scientific advice of the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs and has been kept under regular review. However, the policy has been criticised as being discriminatory towards gay men, and the deferral is opposed by groups such as the LGBT campaign of the NUS and

neg: Iron deficiency Iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia, a common type of anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by inadequate red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient amounts of iron, resulting in reduced production of the protein hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, thus enabling red blood cells to supply oxygenated blood throughout the body. Children, pre-menopausal women (women of child-bearing age) and people with poor diet are most susceptible to the disease. Most cases of iron deficiency anemia are mild, but if not treated can cause problems like

neg: Australian Red Cross Blood Service CSL products, although it has not been shown that any of these products caused infection in the recipients. The service has a policy of barring men who have had sex with men (MSM) during the previous twelve months from donating blood (an earlier policy had excluded any men who had had sex with other men since 1980, regardless of time elapsed). This has been the source of ongoing controversy, with a case (in 2008) referred to the Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Commission. People who have engaged in heterosexual or female-to-female sex during the past 12 months are allowed to give blood. Female-to-female

neg: Iron Invader that, with blood, they can trick Iron into exploding. Jake and Amanda get gasoline and cover the tank with Amanda's vein blood. They plan to shoot it when Iron is close enough. With the blood, Iron is still worried about Claire. So Amanda unwraps her arm, releasing her scent of blood, attracting Iron. Max then escapes out of the car. In the inn, the infected metal ax blade puts itself into Tony's leg, killing him. Harry and Earl go through different anti-bacterial things but to no avail. But when Earl goes outside to check on Max and Amanda reenters the

neg: Ti Lung is also perhaps more known for his collaborations with the most revered of Shaw Stuido directors - Chang Cheh - who turned him into a star along with fellow actor and frequent co-star David Chiang in over 20 films: Dead End (1969), Have Sword, Will Travel (1969), Vengeance (1970), The Heroic Ones (1970), The Duel (1971), Duel of Fists (1971), The Deadly Duo (1971), Angry Guest (1972), Four Riders (1972), The Blood Brothers (1973), and The Pirate (1973). Due to their successes, the trio eventually became known as "The Iron Triangle." During the early 1970s, one of Ti Lung's most

neg: Temple of Blood Temple of Blood Temple of Blood is an American Christian metal band. Musically, they are influenced by the thrash metal music of bands like Annihilator and Megadeth and the traditional heavy metal music by bands such as Iron Maiden and Judas Priest. They released their first album "Prepare for the Judgement of Mankind" in 2005 which was received with much critical acclaim. The final track on the debut album is a cover of the Deadly Blessing song "Deliver Us From Evil". The song features a special guest, Ski, who himself was the singer for Deadly Blessing and has formed his

neg: Blood on the Bricks (Iron City Houserockers album) on the Bricks" would be praised by critics but largely ignored by the public. Before their next album the band would change their name to simply The Houserockers in an attempt to achieve success outside of their native region. The album has never been issued on CD but is currently available for download from iTunes in 256kbit/s mp3 format. Blood on the Bricks (Iron City Houserockers album) Blood on the Bricks is a studio album by the Iron City Houserockers. A more restrained album than their previous two efforts, the album was produced by Steve Cropper (of Booker T. and

neg: James Harrison (blood donor) James Harrison (blood donor) James Christopher Harrison (born 27 December 1936), OAM, also known as the Man with the Golden Arm, is a blood plasma donor from Australia whose unusual plasma composition has been used to make a treatment for Rhesus disease. He has made over 1000 donations throughout his lifetime, and these donations are estimated to have saved over 2.4 million unborn babies from the condition. On 11 May 2018 he made his 1173rd donationhis last, as Australian policy prohibits blood donations from those past age 81. James Harrison was born on 27 December 1936. At the age of

neg: Beta thalassemia to the underproduction of HbA. Reductions in HbA available overall to fill the red blood cells in turn leads to microcytic anemia. Microcytic anemia ultimately develops in respect to inadequate HBB protein for sufficient red blood cell functioning. Due to this factor, the patient may require blood transfusions to make up for the blockage in the beta-chains. Repeated blood transfusions can lead to build-up of iron overload, ultimately resulting in iron toxicity. This iron toxicity can cause various problems, including myocardial siderosis and heart failure leading to the patient’s death. Three main forms have been described: thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia,

neg: Red pulp parallel arrangement of the sinus endothelial cells forces the blood in the red pulp through slits that are formed by the stress fibres. However, this passage can become difficult for ageing red blood cells due to their less flexible membranes and therefore they get stuck in the cords and they will be subsequently phagocytosed by the red pulp macrophages. This process is known as erythrophagocytosis, which is important for the turnover of red blood cells and the recycling of iron, which is a major function of the red pulp macrophages and is made possible by this special structure of the

neg: Iron polymaltose red blood cells' hemoglobin, thereby transporting oxygen in the blood. The utilization and absorption by the erythrocytes of the iron administered orally in the form of iron polymaltose complex is correlated with the absorption in the intestines, whereby the relative absorption decreases with increased dosage and the more severe the iron deficiency, the greater the Absorption. As with all oral iron preparations, only about 10-15% of the iron is absorbed. A dose of 100 mg of iron is thus necessary in order for 10 mg to be absorbed. After administration, the maximum absorption capacity is reached already after 30 minutes

neg: Iron overload The drug deferoxamine binds with iron in the bloodstream and enhances its elimination in urine and faeces. Typical treatment for chronic iron overload requires subcutaneous injection over a period of 8–12 hours daily. Two newer iron chelating drugs that are licensed for use in patients receiving regular blood transfusions to treat thalassaemia (and, thus, who develop iron overload as a result) are deferasirox and deferiprone. In general, provided there has been no liver damage, patients should expect a normal life expectancy if adequately treated by venesection. If the serum ferritin is greater than 1000 ug/L at diagnosis there is a

neg: Lucky iron fish conducted from September 2008 to February 2009 increased blood iron levels in individuals for at least three months, but continued use was found to have negligible long-term effects on blood iron levels. The research spanned the late monsoon season and a dry season that began in December. The villagers relied on harvested monsoon water during the former period, and tube well water during the latter. In the study area, tube well water has high concentrations of arsenic and manganese ions, which act as complexing agents in the presence of iron. This may have resulted in the sequestration of the iron

neg: Philip III of Spain in a crucial part of the Spanish Empire. The second, the Anglo–Spanish War was a newer, and less critical conflict with Protestant England, marked by a Spanish failure to successfully bring its huge military resources to bear on the smaller English military. Philip's own foreign policy can be divided into three phases. For the first nine years of his reign, he pursued a highly aggressive set of policies, aiming to deliver a 'great victory'. His instructions to Lerma to wage a war of 'blood and iron' on his rebellious subjects in the Netherlands reflects this. After 1609, when it became

neg: Chichimeca War policy of a war of fire and blood had failed. The royal treasury was being emptied by the demands of the war. Churchmen and others who had initially supported the war of fire and blood now questioned the policy. Mistreatment and enslavement of Chichimeca women, children, and men by Spaniards increasingly came to be seen as the cause of the war. In 1574, the Dominicans, contrary to the Augustinians and Franciscans, declared that the Chichimeca War was unjust and caused by Spanish aggression. Thus, to end the conflict, the Spanish began to change public policy to purchase peace from the

neg: Hemosiderin to iron deficiency anaemia). Hemosiderin may deposit in diseases associated with iron overload. These diseases are typically diseases in which chronic blood loss requires frequent blood transfusions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Hemosiderin Hemosiderin or haemosiderin is an iron-storage complex. It is only found within cells (as opposed to circulating in blood) and appears to be a complex of ferritin, denatured ferritin and other material. The iron within deposits of hemosiderin is very poorly available to supply iron when needed. Hemosiderin can be identified histologically with "Perls' Prussian-blue stain"; iron in hemosiderin turns blue to black when exposed