query: what european country was first introduced to the potato

pos: History of the potato the Grand Canaries and Antwerp." Europeans in South America were aware of the potato by the mid-16th century, but refused to eat the plant. In 1553, in the book "Crónica del Peru", Pedro Cieza de León mentions he saw it in Quito, Popayán and Pasto in 1538. Basque fishermen from Spain used potatoes as ships' stores for their voyages across the Atlantic in the 16th century, and introduced the tuber to western Ireland, where they landed to dry their cod. The English privateer Sir Francis Drake, returning from his circumnavigation, or Sir Walter Raleigh's employee Thomas Harriot are commonly credited

pos: History of the potato carried ashore and planted: "We think that the potato arrived some years before the end of the 16th century, by two different ports of entry: the first, logically, in Spain around 1570, and the second via the British Isles between 1588 and 1593 ... we find traces of the transport of potatoes travelling from the Canaries to Antwerp in 1567 ... we can say that the potato was introduced there [the Canary islands] from South America around 1562 ... the first written mention of the potato [is] ... a receipt for delivery dated 28 November 1567 between Las Palmas in

pos: French fries common form, involving larger irregular cuts, is "patatas bravas". The potatoes are cut into big chunks, partially boiled and then fried. They are usually seasoned with a spicy tomato sauce, and the dish is one of the most preferred tapas by Spaniards. Fries may have been invented in Spain, the first European country in which the potato appeared from the New World colonies, and assume fries' first appearance to have been as an accompaniment to fish dishes in Galicia, from which it spread to the rest of the country and then further away, to the "Spanish Netherlands", which became Belgium

pos: Antoine-Augustin Parmentier was captured by the Prussians, and in prison in Prussia was faced with eating potatoes, known to the French only as hog feed. The potato had been introduced from South America to Europe by the Spaniards at the beginning of the 16th century. It was introduced to the rest of Europe by 1640, but (outside Spain and Ireland) was usually used only for animal feed. King Frederick II of Prussia had required peasants to cultivate the plants under severe penalties and had provided them cuttings. In 1748 the French Parliament had actually forbidden the cultivation of the potato (on the

neg: Potato the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number

neg: European Cultivated Potato Database European Cultivated Potato Database The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions. The information that it contains can be searched by variety name, or by selecting one or more required characteristics. The data is indexed by variety, character, country of origin, and contributor. There is a facility to select a variety and to find similar varieties based upon botanical characteristics. ECPD is the result of collaboration between participants in eight European Union countries and five East European countries. It is intended to be a source of information on varieties maintained by them. More

neg: Potato production in North Korea Potato production in North Korea In North Korea, the cultivation of potatoes is important to the livelihood of the country's people. The crop was introduced into the country in the early 1800s. Since the famine of the 1990s, a potato revolution has taken place. Over ten years, the area of potato cultivation in North Korea quadrupled to 200,000 hectares and per capita consumption increased from per year. The cultivation of potatoes in North Korea is an early 19th-century development (probably introduced from China) which until the 1990s was affected by crop diseases, severe weather conditions, poor storage facilities, and lack

neg: Potato production in North Korea in Whopperland", in which the protagonists travel to North Korea, which is being ruled by "bloody despot" Kim Jong-il, believing that the country is no threat to them for it bans the dish and has no oil. Potato production in North Korea In North Korea, the cultivation of potatoes is important to the livelihood of the country's people. The crop was introduced into the country in the early 1800s. Since the famine of the 1990s, a potato revolution has taken place. Over ten years, the area of potato cultivation in North Korea quadrupled to 200,000 hectares and per capita consumption

neg: Hutspot distinctive flavour ordinary carrots cannot match. The first European record of the potato is as late as 1537, by the Spanish conquistador Juan de Castellanos, and it spread quite slowly throughout Europe from thereon. So the original legend likely refers to what the Dutch call a 'sweet potato' or "pastinaak" which is a parsnip; this vegetable played a similar role in Dutch cuisine prior to the use of the potato as a staple food. The term "hutspot" (which can be roughly translated as "shaken pot") is similar to the English term "hotchpot" and Middle French "hochepot", both of which used

neg: Potato production in China Potato production in China China is the world's largest producer of potatoes, generating more than 22 percent of global potato production. The potato is the only crop that can be grown in all regions of China, although cultivation predominantly takes place in the northern and southern regions of the country. Potato production in China had already been on the rise in the 1960s and early 1970s, following the Great Chinese Famine. A dramatic surge in the production of potatoes in 1993 against a slump in European output propelled China to the forefront of the international potato production scene. The tremendous

neg: Agriculture in Indonesia established their presence in the archipelago by the early 16th century. The Portuguese, through Spanish intermediaries, introduced the New World's products such as chili pepper, maize, papaya, peanuts, potato, tomato, rubber and tobacco into the archipelago's soil. The surge of the global spice trade was what led European traders reach the Indonesian archipelago who were in search for direct sources of valuable spices, at the same time, cut through middlemen in Asia (Arabs and Indian merchants) and in Europe (Italian merchants). By the early 17th century, Dutch East India Company (VOC) began to establish its influence within the archipelago, by

neg: History of the potato Rwandan genocide, consumption was as high as 153 to 200 kg per year – higher than in any Western European country. Recently farmers have developed the potato as a cash crop after introducing several new varieties brought back by migrant laborers from Uganda and other varieties from Kenya. The potato diffused widely after 1600, becoming a major food resource in Europe and East Asia. Following its introduction into China toward the end of the Ming dynasty, the potato immediately became a delicacy of the imperial family. After the middle period of the Qianlong era (1735–96) in the Qing dynasty, population

neg: Gnocchi Middle Eastern origin since Roman times. It was introduced by the Roman legions during the expansion of the empire into the countries of the European continent. In Roman times, gnocchi were made from a semolina porridge-like dough mixed with eggs, and are still found in similar forms today, particularly the oven-baked "gnocchi alla romana" and Sardinia's "malloreddus" which do not contain eggs. The use of potato is a relatively recent innovation, occurring after the introduction of the potato to Europe in the 16th century. Potato gnocchi are particularly popular in Abruzzo, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, and Lazio. As with other mashed

neg: History of the potato fields after 1750. The potato thus became an important staple crop in northern Europe. Famines in the early 1770s contributed to its acceptance, as did government policies in several European countries and climate change during the Little Ice Age, when traditional crops in this region did not produce as reliably as before. At times and places when and where most other crops failed, potatoes could still typically be relied upon to contribute adequately to food supplies during colder years. In France, at the end of the 16th century, the potato had been introduced to the Franche-Comté, the Vosges of Lorraine

neg: Early modern European cuisine the country depended almost exclusively on potato, the potato blight, a fungus that rotted the edible tubers of the potato plant while still in the ground, caused a massive famine that killed over a million people and forced another two million to emigrate. In regions of Europe such as Scotland, Scandinavia and northern Russia, the climate and soil types were less suited for wheat cultivation, and rye and barley were far more important. Rye was used to bake the dense, dark bread that is still common in countries like Sweden, Russia and Finland. Barley was more common in the north,

neg: Potato Corner Kong, Cambodia, Singapore, Vietnam and Kuwait. Potato Corner garnered a number of accolades through the years. Potato Corner bagged the Best Franchisee of the Year for three consecutive years from PFA and DTI. Awarded by the same organizations, Potato Corner also received the Franchisee Excellence Hall of Fame Award in 2003 and the Global Filipino Franchise Award in 2017. Potato Corner’s official mascot, Spudster, was introduced by the brand in 2009, and can be seen in all of its stores and buckets. Potato Corner Potato Corner is a global food franchise known for its flavored French fries. Potato Corner’s first

neg: Medieval cuisine Medieval cuisine Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century. During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine. Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption. Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor. Wheat was

neg: Potato Potatoes are represented anthropomorphically as well as naturally. Invented in 1949 and marketed and sold commercially by Hasbro in 1952, Mr. Potato Head is an American toy that consists of a plastic potato and attachable plastic parts such as ears and eyes to make a face. It was the first toy ever advertised on television. Potato The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade "Solanum tuberosum". In many contexts, "potato" refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to

neg: European Cultivated Potato Database than twenty-three scientific organisations are contributing to this information source. The database is maintained and updated by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR), which is organised by Bioversity International. The European Cultivated Potato Database was created to advance the conservation and use of genetic diversity for the well-being of present and future generations. European Cultivated Potato Database The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions. The information that it contains can be searched by variety name, or by selecting one

neg: Food biodiversity jeopardize food production systems. This is illustrated by the Great Irish Potato Famine. Potatoes were introduced into Ireland from the New World in about 1600 and they became the major food source of most Irish people. The wind-borne Potato blight fungus spread throughout the country In 1845-1847 and caused almost complete failure of the potato crop. It is estimated that 1 million people died of starvation, cholera and typhoid. A wide range of biologically diverse populations in natural ecosystems and in / near agricultural ecosystems maintain essential ecological functions that are critical for the production of food. Such populations contribute

neg: Amflora Amflora Amflora (also known as EH92-527-1) is a genetically modified potato cultivar developed by BASF Plant Science. "Amflora" potato plants produce pure amylopectin starch that is processed to waxy potato starch. It was approved for industrial applications in the European Union on 2 March 2010 by the European Commission. In January 2012, the potato was withdrawn from the market in the EU. Originally registered on , Amflora was developed by geneticist Lennart Erjefält and agronomist Jüri Känno of Svalöf Weibull AB. After the European Commission's approval of the potato, BASF announced it was going to produce Amflora seed starting in

neg: John Buttencourt Avila by Christopher Columbus. From Avila's original European Azore plantings of his sweet potato crop there grew a major commercial industry in the area of Atwater and Buhach, California. Avila promoted the spread of sweet potato cultivation in the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley in California. The sweet potatoes that Avila introduced became popular in San Francisco eating establishments, restaurants, and hotels. In 1905, Avila lived on his forty acre ranch, located northwest of the town of Merced. Ten acres were devoted to growing sweet potatoes. The remaining acreage was used for farm produce such as fruit and alfalfa for

neg: Magdalena River Valley first recorded European contact with the potato was in 1537 in the Magdalena Valley. The Spanish invaders became familiar with the crop and it was probably around 1570 when a Spanish ship first introduced potatoes to Europe. The Magdalena River Valley is home to a species of butterfly, Magdalena Valley ringlet or "Splendeuptychia ackeryi", first identified in 2009. There are many endangered mammals and birds found in the region, including the brown spider monkey and the endemic blue-billed curassow and white-mantled barbet. These species are threatened by habitat loss, among other factors. Magdalena River Valley The Magdalena River Valley ()

neg: Maris Piper Maris Piper Maris Piper is the most widely grown potato variety in the United Kingdom accounting for 16 % of the planted area in 2014. Introduced in 1966 it was one of the first potato varieties bred to be resistant to a form of potato cyst nematode, a major pest of potato production in the UK. It has been the most widely grown variety in the UK since 1980 and is suitable for a range of uses including chips, roast potatoes and mashed potatoes. Attempts to find resistance to the potato cyst nematode "Globodera rostochiensis" in wild potatoes began in

neg: Potato production in Cambodia Potato production in Cambodia Potato production in Cambodia has traditionally been negligible. With rising levels of potato consumption in the country, however, the government has begun to encourage farmers to produce more potatoes; in September 2016, the first potato research center in Cambodia was opened. Potato production in Cambodia has been historically negligible, due to the fact that the plant was not found in Asia until imported from its native region of the Andes of South America in the 1700s. In a September 2016 speech delivered at the opening ceremony for the US$200,000 potato research center just outside the university

neg: Potato production in Cambodia as a staple food, and potato consumption is generally more common in urban areas where there are foreigners. Potato production in Cambodia Potato production in Cambodia has traditionally been negligible. With rising levels of potato consumption in the country, however, the government has begun to encourage farmers to produce more potatoes; in September 2016, the first potato research center in Cambodia was opened. Potato production in Cambodia has been historically negligible, due to the fact that the plant was not found in Asia until imported from its native region of the Andes of South America in the 1700s. In a

neg: John Sullivan (British governor) enterprise. He was the first to introduce horticulture in the Nilgiris. Potato, barley and other "English" agricultural products are some of the crops he introduced. In 1822, John Sullivan, began construction of his residence, called the 'Stonehouse', on property he had purchased from the Todas. His wife, who had the distinction of being the first European woman in the Nilgiris, moved into the house in 1823 along with his infant son and others who made Ooty their abode was Sir Thomas Munro, the governor of Madras, who stayed at Ootacamund. The Ooty Lake was created between 1823 and 1825 by

neg: Chinese yam Chinese yam Chinese yam ("Dioscorea polystachya"), also called cinnamon-vine, is a species of flowering plant in the yam family. This perennial climbing vine native to China now grows throughout East Asia (Japan, Korea, Kuril Islands, Vietnam). It is believed to have been introduced to Japan in the 17th century or earlier. Introduced to the United States as early as the 19th century for culinary and cultural uses, it is now considered an invasive plant species. The plant was introduced to Europe in the 19th century during the European Potato Failure, where cultivation continues to this day for the Asian food

neg: Genetically engineered potato to reject the newly marketed Innate potatoes. McDonald's has announced that they have ruled out using Innate. In 1995, Monsanto introduced the NewLeaf variety of potato which was their first genetically modified crop. It was designed to resist attack from the Colorado potato beetle due to the insertion of Bt toxin producing genes from the bacterium "Bacillus thuringiensis". The insect-resistant potatoes found only a small market, and Monsanto discontinued the sale of seed in 2001. 'Amflora' (also known as EH92-527-1) was a cultivar developed by BASF Plant Science for production of pure amylopectin starch for processing into waxy potato starch.

neg: Sweet potato the sweet potato industry" in North America. Before European contact, the Māori grew the small, yellow-skin, finger-sized "kūmara" known as "taputini", "hutihuti" and "rekamaroa" that they had brought with them from east Polynesia. Modern trials have shown that the "taputini" was capable of producing well, but when American whalers, sealers and trading vessels introduced larger cultivars in the early 19th century, they quickly predominated. In New Zealand, Māori traditionally cooked the "kūmara" in a "hāngi" earth oven. This is still a common practice when there are large gatherings on "marae". Currently there are three main cultivars or groups of cultivar

neg: Food history European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by distrustful European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete "Phytophthora infestans", spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in

neg: Danish cuisine urban farming projects sprouting among citizens in larger cities. Potato recipes are ubiquitous in Danish cooking. The potato was first introduced into Denmark by French immigrant Huguenots in Fredericia in 1720. The potato is considered an essential side dish to every hot meal. Especially prized are the season's early potatoes, such as those from Samsø. Some favorites: Although the potato is the central vegetable in traditional Danish cooking, it is by no means the only vegetable associated with Danish cuisine. Those other vegetables that play an important role often had to be preserved for long periods of time in cold

neg: Better Made Potato Chips as Cross & Peters Company. That same year, Peter and Cross launched their first and only brand of potato chips: Better Made. At the time, there were 31 potato chip companies in the City of Detroit In 1937, workers at the company unionized and pay increased to 40 cents per hour. With sales up, the company moved to its current location on Gratiot Avenue on the east side of Detroit in 1955. New and improved fryers cooked up to 100 pounds of potato chips at a time. In 1955, wavy and rigid potato chips were introduced, and in the 1960s,

neg: Swabian cuisine more epicurean and features a lot more opulent flour dishes. In the Plains of Hohenlohe fish, especially carp is a local favourite and the cuisines of the former Empire cities Ulm, Augsburg, Ravensburg and Biberach are very diverse and the regular contacts to Italy and France is perceptible. In the mid 17th century the potato was introduced, soon gained popularity and was integrated in the local cuisine. Many new recipes were developed such as Schupfnudeln, potato salad and home fries. What is nowadays considered the traditional Swabian cuisine is mainly based on the simple, hearty and uncomplicated "poor-people-dishes" (or peasant

neg: Maris Piper becoming the main potato cyst nematode in the UK. When nematodes feed on the roots, the "H1" gene results in the potato roots dying, preventing the nematodes from feeding and making it likely they die or turn into males. "H1" is thought to encode a protein that specifically detects the product of one nematode gene during feeding, a so-called gene-for-gene relationship. Maris Piper Maris Piper is the most widely grown potato variety in the United Kingdom accounting for 16 % of the planted area in 2014. Introduced in 1966 it was one of the first potato varieties bred to be

neg: Potato spindle tuber viroid the veins of the bottom and middle leaves and the top leaves don’t die but are reduced in size. Fruit ripening is also affected leading to hard, small, dark green tomatoes. Long distance spread of PSTVd usually occurs via infected seeds but transmission via aphids ("Myzus persicae") also occurs but only in the presence of PLRV (potato leaf roll virus). Mechanical transmission also occurs once it has been introduced to an area. PSTVd comprises 359 nucleotides. The nucleotides that are highlighted are found in most other viroids. Potato spindle tuber viroid The Potato spindle tuber viroid ("PSTVd") was the first

neg: European Potato Failure European Potato Failure The European Potato Failure was a food crisis caused by potato blight that struck Northern Europe in the mid-1840s. The time is also known as the Hungry Forties. While the crisis produced excess mortality and suffering across the affected areas, particularly affected were the Scottish Highlands and even more harshly Ireland. Many people starved due to lack of access to other staple food sources. In 2013, researchers analysed biological collections in museums with DNA sequencing techniques to decode DNA from the pathogen in stored samples from 1845 and compare them to modern genetic types. The results indicated

neg: European Potato Failure creation of a substantial Irish diaspora. European Potato Failure The European Potato Failure was a food crisis caused by potato blight that struck Northern Europe in the mid-1840s. The time is also known as the Hungry Forties. While the crisis produced excess mortality and suffering across the affected areas, particularly affected were the Scottish Highlands and even more harshly Ireland. Many people starved due to lack of access to other staple food sources. In 2013, researchers analysed biological collections in museums with DNA sequencing techniques to decode DNA from the pathogen in stored samples from 1845 and compare them to

neg: European Cross Country Championships competition, the top three from a team of up to six are scored. The first edition of the competition featured only senior races and 180 athletes took part. Men's and women's junior (under-20) races were introduced at the third edition in 1996 and under-23 races were added to the programme in 2006. European Cross Country Championships The European Cross Country Championships is an annual international cross country running competition. Organised by the European Athletic Association, it is the area championships for the region and is held in December each year. The championships was inaugurated in 1994 in Alnwick and the

neg: History of agriculture a staple crop throughout Europe by the late 1700s. The potato allowed farmers to produce more food, and initially added variety to the European diet. The increased supply of food reduced disease, increased births and reduced mortality, causing a population boom throughout the British Empire, the US and Europe. The introduction of the potato also brought about the first intensive use of fertilizer, in the form of guano imported to Europe from Peru, and the first artificial pesticide, in the form of an arsenic compound used to fight Colorado potato beetles. Before the adoption of the potato as a major

neg: HOFF Norske Potetindustrier HOFF Norske Potetindustrier HOFF SA is a Norwegian agricultural cooperative processing and distributing potato produce. The company is owned by 4,000 farmers and has plants in Inderøy (Sundnes Brenneri), Gjøvik, Brumunddal, and Klepp. The company processes one third of the potato production in the country. The main products are frozen, fresh and canned potatoes, including french fries, potato starch flour and potato chips. Other products include oil, spice, onion and akvavit. In total the company produces about 100 products. The first industrialized production with potato started in 1848 when private distilling of liquor was banned. In 1879 Brennerienes Forening was

neg: History of Norway do so, vetoed the amendment in three successive parliaments. The 1882 election saw the first two parties, the Liberals and Conservatives, run for election, and subsequently the majority succeeded at impeaching the cabinet. In 1884 the king appointed majority leader Johan Sverdrup as prime minister, thus establishing parliamentarism as the first European country. The Liberal Party introduced a series of legal reforms, such as increasing the voting rights to about half of all men, settling the language conflict by establishing two official written standards, Riksmål and Landsmål, introduced juries, seven years of compulsory education and, as the first European country,

neg: Food history of superfluities,” and was consumed in the morning. The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries. According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by

neg: Irish cuisine made up 75 percent of the population of around nine million by 1840. Potatoes formed the basis of many Irish dishes and were eaten both by the Anglo-Irish gentry and the mass of the people. This was unusual as the potato was shunned in most of Europe for centuries after its introduction, particularly by the elites. The potato was first introduced into Ireland in the second half of the 16th century, initially as a garden crop. It eventually came to be the main food crop of the poor. As a food source, the potato is extremely valuable in terms of

neg: Munchos the point of being slightly transparent and containing air pockets. When first introduced, they were positioned as "a potato snack, thicker than potato chips." Their slightly curved shape and rough texture assist with dipping. Ingredients include dehydrated potatoes, corn and/or sunflower oil, corn meal, potato starch, salt, "sulfate", "niacin", "thiamin mononitrate", "riboflavin", and yeast. In 1969, a 7.25oz., bag which sold for 59 cents retail is now sold——for $2 to $3.29, and .99 for the 4.25 oz., "Big Grab". The original Munchos debuted a few months after Pringles, another brand of product that identified as "potato crisps" (a term Pringles

neg: Potato salad Potato salad Potato salad is a dish made from boiled potatoes and a variety of other ingredients. It is generally considered a side dish, as it usually accompanies the main course. Potato salad is widely believed to have originated in Germany from where it spread widely throughout Europe and later to European colonies. American potato salad most likely originated from recipes brought to the U.S. by way of German and European settlers during the nineteenth century. American-style potato salad is served cold or at room temperature. Ingredients often include mayonnaise or a mayonnaise-like substitute (such as yogurt or sour cream),

neg: History of Worcestershire Worcestershire in the Eckington and Evesham areas. There were 17 growers in 1627, when it was banned after pressure from colonial producers. Tobacco continued to be grown illegally through most of the rest of the century. The potato, on the other hand, while introduced to the country, was not widely cultivated. Hops may also have been introduced to Worcestershire around this period. Flax and hemp, vital to the cloth trade, were grown, as was woad, for dyeing. The county grew extensive fruit crops, especially apples and pears, but also plums, cherries, other soft fruits and vines. Cider and perry production

neg: Māori culture native caterpillars. Early European explorers reported that Māori often ringed a garden with burning vegetation in an attempt to control caterpillars. The introduction of foreign weeds which thrived was a significant issue from the 1820s but offset by the widespread growth of the introduced potato. European farms and the methods they used became a cultural and economic magnet for Māori in the North, in Auckland and later in the Te Awamutu area of the Waikato. Under the tuition of missionaries, Māori learnt to mass-produce food, especially potatoes, far in excess of their own needs for trading into the late 1850s.

neg: Potato synthase. This resulting potato almost exclusively produces amylopectin, and thus is more useful for the starch industry. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made

neg: Apios americana regarded as the first Thanksgiving, although only venison was specifically named as a food item at this meal by a Pilgrim eyewitness account. It is believed that American groundnut may have made it back to Europe as early as 1597, and it was listed as a European garden crop in 1885. It was evaluated as a possible alternative potato crop in Ireland in 1845 during the potato famine. These early introductions to Europe appear to have resulted in little or no assimilation of the new food into the European diet. A primary reason for this lack of assimilation was that

neg: Hongi Hika Māori only occurred after his death. While in Australia Hongi Hika studied European military and agricultural techniques and purchased muskets and ammunition. From 1818 he introduced European agricultural implements and the potato, using slave labour to produce crops for trade. Hongi married Turikatuku, who was an important military advisor for him, although she went blind early in their marriage. He later took her sister Tangiwhare as additional wife. Both bore at least one son and daughter by him. It is uncertain if he had other wives. In 1818 Hongi Hika led one of two Ngāpuhi taua against East Cape and

neg: Linda McCartney Foods the McCartney's band used recipes from the cookbook for the exclusively-vegetarian catered tour, labelled ""rock's first veggie tour"", in 1989. Further products were added in circa 1991/1992 including Spaghetti Bolognese-style, Deep country pies, cauliflower and broccoli potato gratin and vegetable wedges. The Spaghetti Bolognese style was marketed as being the ""...only meat analog version of the product"" available on the market. The range was introduced across Europe and America in 1992. The 12-product range had an annual turnover of 12 million pounds in 1992. The products changed ingredients in circa August 1993, ceasing TVP and switching to wheat protein. This

neg: Solanum chacoense common potato. It was likely introduced to regions outside its usual range when it was imported for study and breeding with the potato. Many of the sites where it has been found are next to plant breeding stations and botanical gardens. This wild species contains leptine glycoalkaloids which make it resistant to the Colorado potato beetle ("Leptinotarsa decemlineata"), a pest of potato crops. It has also shown resistance to verticillium wilt and potato leafroll virus. Solanum chacoense Solanum chacoense is a species of wild potato. It is native to South America, where it can be found in Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina,

neg: Ozette potato marketed independently by a seed vendor in Idaho (Ronniger's Potato Farm) under the name of Ozette. In 1988, the potato of Macahs was introduced to the Potato Introduction Station Collection at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin as the "Swedish Colony", its presumed origin having been attributed to a former Swedish establishment set on Ozette Lake. Since 1990, samples of this potato collected in collaboration with the Makah tribe have been preserved in tissue culture at the United States Department of Agriculture / Agricultural Research Service lab in Prosser. In 2006, a partnership was formed to increase production and promote this potato variety.

neg: Potato doughnut Potato doughnut The potato doughnut, sometimes called a Spudnut, is a doughnut, typically sweet, made with either mashed potatoes or potato starch instead of flour, the most common ingredient used for doughnut dough. Potato doughnuts were introduced in the mid-1900s, and a recipe was published in 1938. Potato doughnuts tend to be lighter than flour doughnuts, and are prepared in a similar method to other doughnuts. A chain of Spudnut Shops was established across the United States in the 1950s before declining to a few dozen more recently. Fried ube dough is also eaten in East Asia. Much like flour

neg: Blenheim, New Zealand excavated before the arrival of European settlers. Māori in the Marlborough Region also cultivated crops, including kumara (sweet potato). The area is also home to the first serious clash of arms between Māori and the British settlers after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The Wairau Affray which occurred in what is now the village of Tuamarina. The settlement was originally known to Europeans as "The Beaver" or "Beaverton" due to its frequent flooding. Although the early history of Marlborough was closely associated with the Nelson settlement, the people of Marlborough desired independence from Nelson. In 1859, nineteen years

neg: New Zealand maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb, salmon, kōura (crayfish), dredge oysters, whitebait, pāua (abalone), mussels, scallops, pipis and tuatua (both are types of New Zealand shellfish), kūmara (sweet potato), kiwifruit, tamarillo and pavlova (considered a national dish). A hāngi is a traditional Māori method of cooking food using heated rocks buried in a pit oven. After European colonisation, Māori began cooking with pots and ovens and the hāngi was used less frequently, although it is still used for formal occasions such as tangihanga. New Zealand New Zealand (

neg: Potato potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped. The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions that is updated and maintained by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR)—which is run by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Dozens of potato cultivars have been selectively bred specifically for their skin or, more commonly, flesh color, including gold, red, and blue

neg: Spanish missions in New Mexico missions also aimed to pacify resistance to the European invasion of the tribes' Pre-Columbian homelands and loss of traditions. The missions introduced European livestock, fruits, vegetables, and small-scale industry into the Southwest region. They also introduced European diseases that the native people had no immunity against. Fray Marcos de Niza, sent by Coronado, first saw the area now known as New Mexico in 1539. The first permanent settlement was Mission San Gabriel, founded in 1598 by Juan de Oñate near what is now known as the San Juan Pueblo. (est. 1598 as San Pedro y San Pablo; destroyed 1680; rededicated

neg: The Smith's Snackfood Company Smith's Potato Crisps sold its early crisps in three penny packets, 24 to a tin. "Twist of salt" sachets were included before pre-salting had been introduced. In March 1932, Smith's Potato Crisps Ltd. went into voluntary liquidation as a result of the Great Depression. However, three months later, George Ensor tendered for the business put up for sale by the liquidators, and on 13 May 1932, Smith's Potato Crisps (Australia) was formed with the UK Smith's Company holding a majority interest over minor shareholders. Growth after World War II was rapid, so a continuous cooker process was introduced to replace

neg: Papapapá pseudo television broadcast named “Inca Television” to discuss the colonial history of the potato. This film highlights the widespread acceptance of the white potato in European and American culture. When the potato traveled from the Americas around the 1622, the brown colored potato was excluded. This idealism is still demonstrated within the potato chip industry. Tri-Sum potato chips say that the consumerism of this snack food is strongly competitive. Therefore, they try to offer the best potato chips possible, done by excluding the brown-colored chips. In modern times, there have been various representations of exclusion to the colored idealism. As

neg: Industrial Revolution in Scotland of rye grass and clover. Turnips and cabbages were introduced, lands enclosed and marshes drained, lime was put down, roads built and woods planted. Drilling and sowing and crop rotation were introduced. The introduction of the potato to Scotland in 1739 greatly improved the diet of the peasantry. Enclosures began to displace the runrig system and free pasture. There was increasing specialisation, with the Lothians became a major centre of grain, Ayrshire of cattle breading and the borders of sheep. Although some estate holders improved the quality of life of their displaced workers, the Agricultural Revolution led directly to what

neg: Mr. Potato Head separate plastic parts to be stuck into a real potato or other vegetable, a plastic potato was added to the kit in 1964. In the 1960s, government regulations forced the Potato Head parts to be less sharp, leaving them unable to puncture vegetables easily. By 1964, the company was therefore forced to include a plastic potato "body" in its kit. Small children were also choking on the small pieces and cutting themselves with the sharp pieces. About this time, Hasbro introduced Oscar the Orange and Pete the Pepper, a plastic orange and green pepper with attachable face parts similar to

neg: Potato production in North Korea was 8,732,961 ha (as against 36,000 ha in 1960) and the production was with an average yield level of 10 tons/ha. North Korea was in the 10th position in Asia in potato production in 2007. As part of the "Potato farming revolution", a low-input potato-rice cropping system (inter-cropping) was also introduced on account of its advantage with a short growing season; this resulted in a yield of 32 tonnes of potatoes and rice per hectare. Potato grows better than rice in North Korea, particularly in the mountainous regions. Grown in more than 125 countries including North Korea, potato is a

neg: Odet Philippe 1787 Died at this Site 1869 As the first European settler in Pinellas County he established St. Helena Plantation, now Philippe Park Philippe was the first to cultivate grapefruit in Florida and introduced cigar-making to Tampa His descendants populated this frontier. He was said to be a doctor and of noble birth Odet Philippe Odet Philippe was the first permanent, non-native settler on the Pinellas County peninsula in what is now the state of Florida, acquiring of land in what is today Safety Harbor in 1842. He was a successful businessman who introduced cigar making and citrus to the Tampa

neg: 2016 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl belong in FBS, period. That's what I believe, that's what everyone believes. We know we can compete, we belong here. No matter what anyone thinks, even our tone-deaf president. Maybe he doesn't think we belong here, but I think we belong here. 2016 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl The 2016 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on Thursday, December 22, at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho. The twentieth annual edition of the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was one of the 2016–17 bowl games that concluded the 2016 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Idaho

neg: Papapapá potatoes to his father's journey in migrating to the United States. The potato, a vegetable first cultivated by the Incas in Peru, has undergone transformation since the Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world in the 16th century. The director mirrors the migration of the potato to that of his father; he asserts that in the process of migration, his father has also been culturally transformed like the potato. Using home footage and satirical undertones, Rivera acknowledges the challenges his father faces in trying to acquire a better life for himself and his family in the United States.

neg: TV dinner 1944, William L. Maxson's frozen dinners were being served on airplanes. Other prepackaged meals were also marketed before Swanson's TV Dinner. In 1948, plain frozen fruits and vegetables were joined by what were then called 'dinner plates' with a main course, potato, and vegetable. In 1952 the first frozen dinners on oven-ready aluminum trays were introduced by Quaker States Foods under the One-Eye Eskimo label. Quaker States Foods was joined by other companies including Frigi-Dinner, which offered such fare as beef stew with corn and peas, veal goulash with peas and potatoes, and chicken chow mein with egg rolls and

neg: Volvo V60 of the Year. The car won Car of The Year at the 2011 Middle East Motor Awards. The "V60 Cross Country" is the raised variant of the Volvo V60 first introduced in 2015. It is sold in both North American and European markets, and comes standard with all-wheel drive in North America. New VEA engines are available, offering what is claimed to be a more efficient drive. The V60 uses automatic braking and detection systems to assist the driver in avoiding potential collisions, it can recognize pedestrians, cyclists, and large animals. In the US, the V60 will launch as a

neg: Almond potato Almond potato The almond potato (Norwegian: "Mandelpotet", Swedish: "Mandelpotatis", Finnish: "puikulaperuna"), also called Mandel potato or Swedish peanut fingerling, is a potato known since the 19th century. Almond potatoes are yellow or white; in rare cases a variety called blue almond (Blå mandel in swedish) can be found which has yellow-white flesh with blue skin. Its shape is oval and somewhat resembles an almond, hence the name. Blue almond is an old variety which was grown in the northern regions of Sweden before the yellow-peeled almond potato was introduced. It is considered a delicacy in Norway and in Sweden, where

neg: War against the potato beetle War against the potato beetle The war against the potato beetle was a campaign launched in Warsaw Pact countries during the Cold War to eradicate the Colorado potato beetle ("Leptinotarsa decemlineata"). It was also a propaganda operation that alleged that the insect was introduced into East Germany, the People's Republic of Poland and Czechoslovakia by the United States as a form of entomological warfare. Communist propaganda of the time claimed that the insect was being dropped from parachutes and balloons, with the intent of immiserating the populations of these countries, causing famines, and facilitating an economic crisis. The Colorado potato

neg: Kerr's Pink grow with many tubers and can catch potato blight very easily. 'Kerr's Pinks' have a slightly low resistance to common scab and tend to have a low resistance to potato cyst nematode (pallida) and potato cyst nematode (rostochiensis). The variety has an average resistance to powdery scab and blackleg. It has a very high resistance to slugs and a relatively high resistance to splitting. Kerr's Pink Kerr's Pink is a potato cultivar in wide production in Ireland and the United Kingdom and many other countries. Although often quoted as an "Irish potato" (where it was introduced in 1917), the cultivar

neg: Coffee substitute malted barley, beechnut, beetroot, carrot, chicory root, corn, soybeans, cottonseed, dandelion root (see dandelion coffee), fig, roasted garbanzo beans, lupinus, boiled-down molasses, okra seed, pea, persimmon seed, potato peel, rye, sassafras pits, sweet potato, wheat bran. The Native American tribes of what is now the Southeastern United States brewed a ceremonial drink containing caffeine, "asi", or the "black drink", from the roasted leaves and stems of Ilex vomitoria ("Yaupon holly"). European colonists adopted this beverage as a coffee-substitute, which they called "cassina". The drink brewed from ground roasted chicory root has no caffeine, but is dark and tastes much like

neg: Idaho Potato Commission campaign; the truck would make stops at sporting events and other public events across the country, and was also featured in the IPC's television advertising. In June 2018, after five years, the IPC unveiled a second iteration of the potato with a more durable construction. In 2017, the Commission revealed that Lamb Weston would market a line of "Grown in Idaho"-brand frozen food products. In January 2014, Peggy Grover was the first woman to be appointed to the board of the Idaho Potato Commission. In September 2017, Mary Hasenoehrl was the second woman to be appointed member of the board,

neg: Idaho Potato Commission Idaho Potato Commission The Idaho Potato Commission (IPC) is a marketing board that represents the potato growers of the U.S. state of Idaho. The group's main initiative is "Grown in Idaho" — a collective trade mark program for marketing Idaho-grown potatoes, and accompanying advertising campaigns. The IPC owns the trademark "Idaho" in the United States in connection to any potato-based product. The Idaho Potato Commission was established in 1937 as the Idaho Fruit and Vegetable Advertising Commission, primarily responsible to promote the potatoes, onions, apples and prunes produced in Idaho. Maine was the biggest potato producer of the country back

neg: Ukrainian cuisine often tumultuous history with it. The majority of Ukrainian dishes descend from ancient peasant dishes based on plentiful grain resources such as rye as well as staple vegetables such as potato, cabbages, mushrooms and beetroots. Ukrainian dishes incorporate both traditional slavic techniques as well as other European techniques, a by product of years of foreign jurisdiction and influence. The Ukrainian cuisine incorporates a variety of different food branches (carbohydrates, fats, protein, fruits and vegetables) due to the large size of the country and the plentiful edible resources. Traditional Ukrainian dishes often experience a complex heating process - "at first they

neg: Colocasia esculenta and never deemed to be an "inhame". Definitions of what constitutes an "inhame" and a "cará" vary regionally, but the common understanding in Brazil is that "carás" are potato-like in shape, while "inhames" are more oblong. In the "broad" lower class Brazilian Portuguese of the hotter and drier Northeastern region, both "inhames" and "carás" are called "batata" (literally, "potato"). For differentiation, potatoes are called "batata-inglesa" (literally, "English potato"), a name used in other regions and sociolects to differentiate it from the "batata-doce", "sweet potato", ironic names since both were first cultivated by the indigenous peoples of South America, their native

neg: 1917 Potato riots was prevented, as well as an impending revolution. 1917 Potato riots The Potato riots in June-July 1917 was a popular uprising in the Dutch capital city Amsterdam that was caused by the food shortage in the Netherlands during World War I. In the beginning of the 20th century food was more within the reach of the workers. The First World War changed this. The Netherlands was a neutral country, but experienced discomfort and hard circumstances. Imports and exports of goods stagnated. Bread and other food was rationed and soup kitchens sprang up. A bread ration was established in January 1917.

neg: 1917 Potato riots 1917 Potato riots The Potato riots in June-July 1917 was a popular uprising in the Dutch capital city Amsterdam that was caused by the food shortage in the Netherlands during World War I. In the beginning of the 20th century food was more within the reach of the workers. The First World War changed this. The Netherlands was a neutral country, but experienced discomfort and hard circumstances. Imports and exports of goods stagnated. Bread and other food was rationed and soup kitchens sprang up. A bread ration was established in January 1917. On 28 June 1917, there was a shortage

neg: Bamberg potato its area of origin, the Bamberg can be bought in delicatessen shops, from specialised traders, farmers' markets, and in organic grocery stores. Freshplaza chose it as its "potato of the year" for 2008. Bamberg potato The Bamberg potato () is an old potato variety from Franconia. It takes its name from the town of Bamberg. It is a small, typically long and irregularly shaped potato with a waxy texture. The Bamberg has firm, light yellow flesh with a nutty flavour. It is grown only in Southern Germany and is protected by the European Union as a regional speciality. It was

neg: European Cup (athletics) 46, the winning team received 46 points, the second 45 and so on. The new leagues are: Below is a list of the events that took place at the championships, and what is the European Cup record, who set it, what country they represented and which year. European Cup (athletics) The European Cup is a former athletics competition for European teams that was replaced by the European Team Championships starting in 2009. The European Cup saw most of the major nations of Europe compete. Originally known as the Bruno Zauli Cup, it first took place in 1965 in Stuttgart (men)

neg: Idaho Potato Commission In the early 1990s, the Commission started talks with toy company Hasbro to use Mr. Potato Head as its state's mascot. Before the deal was sealed, the movie "Toy Story" was released and the plan was dropped. In 1983, the Commission had already introduced a mascot, Potato Buddy, a cowboy potato cartoon that became Spuddy Buddy in 1994. In June 2009, the Idaho Fry Company agreed to change its name to the Boise Fry Company due to a complaint by the IPC over infringement of its "Idaho" trademarks. In August 2011, the IPC reached a six-year agreement to become title

neg: 1881 New Zealand general election 1881 New Zealand general election The New Zealand general election of 1881 was held on 8 and 9 December in the Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 95 MPs to the 8th session of the New Zealand Parliament. 1881 was the first time a general election was held under universal male suffrage; all MPs were elected in single-member electorates; and the country quota was introduced, allowing rural electorates to have 25% fewer voters than urban electorates. Beginning with the 1881 election, all elections in European electorates were to be held on the same day, a measure not introduced for

neg: French fries least one source says that "French fries" for deep-fried potato batons was also introduced when American, Canadian, and British soldiers arrived in Belgium during World War I. The Belgians had previously been catering to the British soldiers' love of chips and continued to serve them to the other troops when they took over the western end of the front. The Belgians served them, and since French was the language of the Belgian Army, the name "French" was associated with the food. However, other sources disagree. Since a Frenchman (Parmentier) first made the potato popular, it is not surprising that the

neg: Indonesian cuisine are native to Indonesia, while others were introduced from elsewhere. Yam was introduced from Africa; while potato, sweet potato, cassava and maize were introduced from the Americas through Spanish influence and reached Java in the 17th century. Cassava is usually boiled, steamed, fried or processed as a popular snack "kripik singkong" (cassava crackers). Dried cassava, locally known as "tiwul", is an alternate staple food in arid areas of Java such as Gunung Kidul and Wonogiri, while other roots and tubers are eaten especially in hard times. Maize is eaten in drier regions such as Madura and islands east of the

neg: Bamberg potato Bamberg potato The Bamberg potato () is an old potato variety from Franconia. It takes its name from the town of Bamberg. It is a small, typically long and irregularly shaped potato with a waxy texture. The Bamberg has firm, light yellow flesh with a nutty flavour. It is grown only in Southern Germany and is protected by the European Union as a regional speciality. It was about to become extinct as cultivation is very laborious and the yield is rather low. It is little grown commercially by farmers but people do grow it in gardens for home use. Outside

neg: Ennarea already mentioned in the 14th century and was recorded to be of extraordinarily high quality. Evidently, the Ethiopian emperors were quite keen to keep European travellers away from Ennarea, since they feared for their gold monopoly. Concerning horticulture, the Ennareans, like the other Gonga people, cultivated the ensete, or “false banana plant”. It was not only consumed but also used to make toys and clothes. Beside the ensete all the Gonga people grew various potato species, black yams and teff. Pupmkins? are recorded to have been introduced by the Oromo. It remains unknown when and how Christianity took roots in

neg: International organization membership of the Netherlands Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund. The Netherlands is one of the founding members of what today is the European Union. It was one of the first countries to start European integration, through the Benelux in 1944 and the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952. Being a small country with a history of neutrality it was the host country for the important Maastricht Treaty and Amsterdam Treaty and is the seat of the International Court of Justice. The Netherlands is a member of: International organization membership of the Netherlands As a relatively small country, the Netherlands generally pursues

neg: Macaroon It was introduced to other European Jews and became popular as a year-round sweet. Recipes for macaroons (also spelled "mackaroon", "maccaroon" and "mackaroom") appear in recipe books at least as early as 1725 (Robert Smith's "Court Cookery, or the Complete English Cook"), and use egg whites and almond paste. "Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management" includes a typical traditional recipe. Over time, coconut was added to the ground almonds and, in certain recipes, replaced them. Potato starch is also sometimes included in the recipe, to give the macaroons more body. Macaroons in the Dominican Republic are very dark. Grated coconut

neg: Potato Potato The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade "Solanum tuberosum". In many contexts, "potato" refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice. Wild potato species can

neg: Cyrus Pringle his mother's farm in 1857, when, at the age of nineteen, he budded a small seedling apple tree, with a large, striped, sweet summer apple. In 1858 he started his first nursery, containing a small pear orchard, fruit yards, gardens of currants, cherries, grapes, peaches and potatoes. He made a plan for each orchard or garden, giving the name and location of each plant. By crossing, he obtained a new variety of potato seedling "No. 6 (1870)," which was called "Snowflake." This potato was introduced to the public in New York. Robert Fenn, an Englishman much interested in crossing American

neg: History of the potato tubers from the ambassador; he planted them in Vienna, Frankfurt, and Leyden, and is the person who widely introduced the plant to Europe. It was grown for flowers by Rudolph Jakob Camerarius (1588) and others; John Gerard added the first printed picture of the potato to "Herball" (1597), although he thought that the plant was native to Virginia. The Spanish had an empire across Europe, and brought potatoes for their armies. Peasants along the way adopted the crop, which was less often pillaged by marauding armies than above-ground stores of grain. Across most of Northern Europe, where open fields prevailed,

neg: Simba Chips company in the world. The two men struck up a friendship, and Leon travelled on to the United States where he saw a potato chip factory in action. Simba Chips Simba Chips (commonly referred to as Simba) is a popular South African brand of potato crisps. It was first introduced in 1957 by the Greyvensteyn family. "Simba" is the Swahili word for "lion" and the product's mascot is an adult male African Lion. Having successfully marketed Ouma Rusks in the 1940s and 1950s, by 1955 the Greyvensteyn family were looking for ways to diversify their family business. In that year,

neg: Potato cake potato, dipped in batter and deep fried, with no additional flavouring added except salt and vinegar. This type of "potato cake" is also found in New Zealand fish and chip shops, however it is referred to as a potato fritter, not scallop. More commonly in New Zealand, a potato cake is made from either mashed or grated potato and is not covered in batter or deep fried. Hash browns, which are also widely available, are distinctly different. In Scotland what are known as potato cakes in Australia are known as potato fritters and are of the same type as the

neg: Concheros this day, a debate about what is “authentic” and what is not. The change in focus also became evident in regalia, with some groups starting to discard the tunics with attempts to copy Aztec dress as depicted in the codices. The first men to discard shirts for the dance in the 1940s caused great scandal, especially among dance elders. Those who first introduced this regalia began to call the dance “Azteca” and re introduced the use of conch shell trumpets, the huehuetl and teponaztli drums. In some cases, these were mixed with the concha (Spanish inspired lute) and other European

neg: Japchae only at first. In 1939, the recipe that started to be added to the shochu was introduced in the "Shinsen-no-Mori-no-Shinjuku (Cooking Method)", but it was not preferred. Sometimes, local specialties such as sea cucumbers and abalones were added. "Dangmyeon" are pale grey, semi-transparent, chewy and elastic noodles made from sweet potato starch. They are also known as "glass noodles", "cellophane noodles", or "sweet potato vermicelli". The noodles may be soaked in water before cooking. The assortment of vegetables in "japchae" may vary, with typical ingredients including carrots, spinach, onions, and scallions. Commonly used mushrooms are wood ear, shiitake, and oyster

neg: The Politics of Starvation The Politics of Starvation "The Politics of Starvation" is an essay published in 1946 by the English author George Orwell. The essay argues the need to help feed Europeans after the war, and attributes motives to left-wingers who oppose the idea. Rationing in the United Kingdom was introduced at an early stage of World War II, and did not end completely until 1954. It became stricter after the war ended than during the hostilities, with bread rationing beginning in 1946 and potato rationing in 1947. This was largely because of the need to feed the population of European areas coming

neg: Manche Ch'ol beans, chilli, sweet potato and turkey. Plantain and sugar cane were introduced to the Manche after European contact. The Manche Ch'ol used a variation of the Maya calendar, using a 365-day year divided into eighteen 20-day "months" and ending with a 5-day unlucky period. They worshipped a number of nature-based Maya deities, particularly gods of mountains and dangerous mountain passes, gods of rivers and whirlpools, and of crossroads. One named god was Escurruchan or Xcarruchan, a mountain god that was said to inhabit a mountain top close to the Gracias a Díos waterfall on the Sarstoon River. On top of

neg: Sweet potato were poor. Sweet potatoes were later planted in Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune's private garden. It was also introduced to Korea in 1764. The sweet potato arrived in Europe with the Columbian Exchange. It is recorded, for example, in "Elinor Fettiplace's Receipt Book", compiled in England in 1604. The genome of cultivated sweet potatoes contains sequences of DNA from "Agrobacterium", with genes actively expressed by the plants. Transgenes were observed both in the sweet potato's closely related wild relatives, and in more distantly related wild species. This observation makes cultivated sweet potatoes the first known example of a naturally transgenic food crop.

neg: The Tale of the Wonderful Potato The Tale of the Wonderful Potato The Tale of the Wonderful Potato () is a 1985 animated film by Anders Sørensen. Sponsored by the Danish Film Institute, it tells the history of the potato through the ages—with a focus on European history and a twinkle in its eye. "Potato's" humorous and slightly self-deprecating presentation belies the detailed and insightful understanding of human history that carries through from the Incan potato creation myth, to the feisty tuber's heyday in 18th-century "haute cuisine". A mere 24 minutes long, "The Tale of the Wonderful Potato" is a schoolroom favorite in Europe, and has

neg: Murder of Vincent Chin Chin's case was that it was a political "hot potato" that did not get picked up for "political reasons", with respect to the automobile industry. Chin's case has been cited by some Asian Americans to support the idea that they are seen as not fully citizens or "perpetual foreigners" compared to "real" Americans. Lily Chin stated: "What kind of law is this? What kind of justice? This happened because my son is Chinese. If two Chinese killed a white person, they must go to jail, maybe for their whole lives... Something is wrong with this country." Murder of Vincent Chin