query: who initiated movement to form indian national congress

pos: History of the Indian National Congress History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, until the time India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, as well as the central and defining influence of the long Indian Independence Movement. After India became independent, Mahatma Gandhi asked the leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress, and to form a new organisation to govern the nation. Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer Allan Octavian Hume founded the Indian National Congress

neg: Sheel Bhadra Yajee Sheel Bhadra Yajee Sheel Bhadra Yajee (1906–1996) was an activist from Bihar who was associated with the non-violent and the violent form of the Indian independence movement. Yajee's participation in the freedom movement began in 1928 when, as a student, he attended the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. He joined the Congress Socialist Party four years later and became involved in the Kisan movement. Later, he came in close touch with Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi. In 1939, he joined Bose to found the All India Forward Bloc. He was actively associated with the INA movement. Yajee

neg: Perin Captain a number of councils of the Indian National Congress. She was the first woman president of Bombay Provincial Congress Committee, when she got elected to the post in 1930. She participated in the Civil disobedience movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi and was incarcerated, the first of the several imprisonments she endured during the Indian freedom movement. When Gandhi Seva Sena was reconstituted in the 1930s, she was made its honorary General Secretary, a post she held till her death in 1958. When the Government of India introduced the Padma civilian award system in 1954, Perin Captain was included in the

neg: Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni Committee of Bombay. He took a stand against the Shuddhi movement, which was initiated by Hindu Arya Samajis to reconvert Indian Muslims to Hinduism. Abdul Hamid left the Indian National Congress and joined "Markazi Tableeg al-Islam" to oppose the Shuddhi Movement and actively worked to prevent the reversion of Muslims to Hinduism with Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi, Abdul Hafiz Qadri, Syed Peer Jamaat Ali Shah and Syed Abu al-Hasanat Qadri. He was a member of the All India Muslim League Council beginning in 1937. He neutralized the influence of Pro-Congress Deobandi Scholar Hussain Ahmad Madni in Silhat and Bengal in favor of

neg: Sheel Bhadra Yajee India issued a commemorative stamp on him on 28 January 2001. Sheel Bhadra Yajee Sheel Bhadra Yajee (1906–1996) was an activist from Bihar who was associated with the non-violent and the violent form of the Indian independence movement. Yajee's participation in the freedom movement began in 1928 when, as a student, he attended the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. He joined the Congress Socialist Party four years later and became involved in the Kisan movement. Later, he came in close touch with Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi. In 1939, he joined Bose to found the All India

neg: V. O. Chidambaram Pillai pleader in 1895. In Chennai, Chidambaram met Ramakrishnananthar, a saint who belonged to Swami Vivekananda Ashram (monastery), who advised him to "do something for the nation". Here he met the Tamil poet Bharathiyaar who shared his political ideology. The two men became close friends. In the 1890s and 1900s India's independence movement and the Swadeshi movement, initiated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai of Indian National Congress (INC), were at their peak. From 1892 Chidambaram was influenced by Tilak Maharaj, and became his disciple. Along with Subramanya Siva and Subramanya Bharathi, he became a prominent spokesperson for the

neg: Kizhoor, Puducherry and also gave tremendous support to India’s independence struggle against the British. The post-independence government initiated discussions to integrate the French-Indian territories with the country. The National Youth Congress began a Satyagraha. Pro-merger processions were organized by freedom fighters who were often lathi-charged, their flags seized and torn by the French-Indian police. A momentous event in Pondicherry’s freedom movement occurred on 18 October 1954 when all elected members of the Representative Assembly and the Municipal Councils met to consider the joint proposals of the French and Indian Governments for a final settlement through a Referendum. This is known as Kizhoor

neg: National Students' Union of India National Students' Union of India The National Students' Union of India (NSUI) is the student wing of the Indian National Congress, established on 9 April 1971. The organisation was founded by Indira Gandhi after merging Kerala Students Union and West Bengal State Chhatra Parishad to form a national students' organisation. Student movement reached its apex during the struggle for independence due to strong participation of students from all sections of the society. Prior to 1950, the student activism of the Indian National Congress were carried out by the youth wing of the AICC. The student movement in Kerala and West

neg: Flag of India 1907. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists. Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and eight oil lamps for the border, with the "Vande Mataram" caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906. Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement. In 1909, Lord Ampthill, former Governor

neg: South African potato boycott leaders. The movement turned to boycotts as a method of resistance. Representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the South African Congress of Trade Unions, South African Indian Congress (SAIC), South African Coloured Peoples Organisation/SACPO and the Congress of Democrats created a combined body called the Congress Alliance. The Congress Alliance aimed to initiate a boycott strategy in the struggle for equality in South Africa. Consumer boycotts were popular as there was less victimisation compared to other forms of resistance. Other boycotts included the 1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Beer Hall Boycott as well as 'Dipping tanks' which was initiated by

neg: Samaikyandhra Movement that a decision will be taken by the Congress Working Committee. The East godavari dist Students will gather At SKVT Degree College Rajahmundry and Form theGodavari Vidyardhi Samakya Form For The movement of samaikyandhra Dr P.V.B Sanjeecvarao is the Convinor OF this Federation who works as Telugu lecturer In SKVT college Was Elected.and Sheik HAZARATH VALI BASHA,KANDI KARTHIK,RAJA SIDDARTHA AND So many students are linked in this fdaration. On 30 July, Indian National Congress party working committee unanimously passed a party resolution for the creation of a Telangana state. It was formally announced that the party would request the Central

neg: National Congress (Pakistan, Bangladesh) and opposed the Pakistan movement led by the Muslim League. However, ensuing communal conflict led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan from Muslim-majority provinces. The religious violence and mass migration as a result of partition significantly reduced the Hindu, Sikh and non-Muslim population of Pakistan. The leaders and activists of the Indian National Congress who continued to live in Pakistan joined with the representatives of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Christian communities to form a new political party, the Pakistan National Congress. Although most of them had opposed partition, the members of the new party accepted the

neg: Satish Sardar Satish Sardar Satish Sardar or Satish Chandra Sardar (1902 - 19 June 1932) was a Bengali revolutionary and martyr of Civil disobedience movement in Bengal. Satish Sardar was born in British India at Chanderghat village presently in Tehatta subdivision, Nadia. His father was Brajaraj Sardar. The No-Tax movement was started as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932 and was first initiated in Chanderghat village on 13 April 1932. Sardar joined the movement. On 19 June 1932, the District committee conference of the Indian National Congress was called in Tehatta and the police declared a curfew in this area.

neg: Congress Socialist Party who saw Nehru as unwilling to put his socialist slogans into action. After independence, the CSP broke away from Congress, under the influence of JP, Rambriksh Benipuri, and Lohia to form the Socialist Party of India. Rambriksh Benipuri was a close associate of Jayaprakash Narayan and a leading light of the Congress Socialist Party. He took active part in the agitation against the Rowlatt Act and participated in the Non-cooperation movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. He was an active member of the Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee, a member of the Indian National Congress, one of the founder members

neg: Indian National Congress Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. Congress is a secular party whose socialdemocratic platform is generally considered to

neg: Madras Presidency appointed Chief Minister in his place. The Justice Party eventually lost the 1937 elections to the Indian National Congress, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari became Chief Minister of Madras Presidency. During the 1920s and 1930s, an Anti-Brahmin movement emerged in the Madras Presidency. It was launched by E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker who, unhappy with the principles and policies of the Brahmin leadership of the provincial Congress, left the party to form the Self-Respect Movement. Periyar, as he was alternatively known, criticised Brahmins, Hinduism, and Hindu superstitions in periodicals and newspapers such as "Viduthalai" and "Justice". He also participated in the Vaikom satyagraha,

neg: William Wedderburn Parliamentary Committee. He was considered a great friend of the Indian Progressive Movement and presided at the Indian National Congress, 1889, later Chairman, British Committee of the Indian National Congress. In 1910 he returned to India as Congress president and tried to solve the rift between Hindus and Muslims and attempted to reconcile the differences between those who wished to work constitutionally and those who wanted to use more militant actions. He wrote a biographical memoir of A. O. Hume who died in 1912. He succeeded his brother, Sir David, to the baronetcy on 18 September 1882. He married Mary

neg: Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha campaigns of non-violent civil disobedience. The Mahasabha officially abstained from participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930, which tarnished its image at a national level in India. The Indian National Congress won a massive victory in the Indian provincial elections, 1937, decimating the Hindu Mahasabha. However, in 1939, the Congress ministries resigned in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. This led to the Hindu Mahasabha joining hands with the Muslim League and other parties to form governments, in certain provinces. Such coalition

neg: K. Chengalaraya Reddy it largely highlighted the issues of farmers. The Praja Paksha and Praja Mitra Mandali joined to form the Praja Samyukta Paksha ("Mysore People's Federation") in 1934. Reddy served as its president from 1935 to 1937. Later, the federation merged with the Indian National Congress and participated in the Indian independence movement. Reddy served as the president of Mysore Congress twice, in 1937–38 and 1946–47. He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. After independence of India in 1947, he was in the forefront of the Mysore Chalo movement seeking responsible state government in Mysore State and went

neg: Indian National Congress to resist the worst effects of the global Economic crisis of 2008. Singh's government continued the Golden Quadrilateral, the Indian highway modernisation program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government. At present, Congress endorses a mixed economy in which the private sector and the state both direct the economy, which has characteristics of both market and planned economies. Congress advocates import substitution industrialisation—the replacement of foreign imports with domestic products. Congress believes the Indian economy should be liberalised to increase the pace of development. In 2005, the Congress-led government started the National Rural Health Mission, which employed about 500,000 community health

neg: Shantaram Naik Shantaram Naik Shantaram Laxman Naik (12 April 1946 – 9 June 2018) was an Indian politician from Indian National Congress party and a former Member of the Parliament of India representing Goa in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was the President of the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee and the whip of the Indian National Congress in the Rajya Sabha. Shantaram Naik was born on 12 April 1946 to Laxman and Sita Naik in Cuncolim village in then Portuguese India. He was initiated into politics as a student during the 1967 Assembly elections when he

neg: Kurur Neelakandan Namboodiripad Kurur Neelakandan Namboodiripad Kurur Neelakandan Namboodiripad was a freedom fighter and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. He took part in Quit India Movement, Salt March, Guruvayur Satyagraha, Vaikom Satyagraha and Swadeshi movement. Kurur Neelakandan Namboodiripad was born in Adat Kurur Mana in Thrissur District in 1896. He was one of the first few leaders in Kingdom of Cochin and in Thrissur District to form Indian National Congress. In 1920, he met Mahatma Gandhi in Kozhikode and asked for permission to join the Indian independence movement. When Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi first came to Thrissur, Kurur was the host. Indira Gandhi

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu Legislative Council, the second Indian to be in the council. Chetty was also assisted in his efforts by Madras lawyer and Indophile John Bruce Norton whose own participation in the Indian National movement is significant. The conversion of a Brahmin student of the Madras Christian College in April 1888 sparked severe protests from Hindus in the Madras Presidency. The agitators resolved to start national schools to counter evangelistic activities in missionary-run schools and colleges. Most of the leaders were Indian nationalists who had recently founded the Indian National Congress. Indian nationalists of the 19th century propagated their views and objectives

neg: Bofors scandal be paid by the government for fixing arms deals under the name of "legal fees". CBI has been criticised by experts, social workers, political parties and people at large for the manner in which it has handled this case. Some points to be noted: Bofors scandal The Bofors scandal was a major, weapons-contract political scandal that occurred between India and Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s, initiated by Indian National Congress (Congress party) politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, and several other members of the Indian and Swedish governments who were accused of receiving kickbacks from Bofors

neg:
Bolivian National Congress, 1982–85 Left-One, MNRI-1. ADN – Nationalist Democratic Action. PS-1 – Socialist Party-One. FDR-NA – Democratic Revolutionary Front-New Alternative (Frente Democrático Revolucionario – Nueva Alternativa). Electoral alliance formed by
 Christian Democratic Party, PDC;
 Alliance of the National Left, ALIN;
 Socialist Party-Guillermo Aponte Burela, PS-Aponte;
 Offensive of the Democratic Left, OID;
 Revolutionary Workers Party Trotskyist-Posadist, POR-TP. PRA – Authentic Revolutionary Party. MNRU – United Revolutionary Nationalist Movement. MIN – Movement of the National Left; FSB – Bolivian Socialist Falange. MITKA-1 – Indian Movement Tupaj Katari-One. MITKA – Indian Movement Tupaj Katari. Bolivian National Congress, 1982–85 The Bolivian National Congress 1982–1985 was elected on

neg: Kedar Pandey Indian National Congress. Kedar Pandey Kedar Pandey (9 December 1920 – 3 July 1982) was an Indian freedom fighter and Indian National Congress politician, who remained the Chief Minister of Bihar from March 1972 to 2 July 1973, and Minister of Railways in the Union Cabinet from 12 November 1980 to 14 January 1982 as a part of the Government of India. Pandey was a part of the famous Young Turks of Bihar Congress during the independence movement along with Bindeshwari Dubey, Bhagwat Jha Azad, Chandrashekhar Singh, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Abdul Ghafoor all future chief ministers and Sitaram Kesri, future

neg: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and the Indian National Congress Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and the Indian National Congress Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (, ) (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), also known as Ramaswami, EVR, Thanthai Periyar, or Periyar, was a Dravidian social reformer and politician from India, who founded the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. In 1919 Periyar Ramaswamy joined the Indian National Congress after quitting his business and resigning from public posts. He was the chairman of Erode Municipality and undertook Constructive Programs spreading the use of Khadi, picketing toddy shops, boycotting shops selling foreign cloth, and eradicating untouchability. In 1921, Periyar was imprisoned for picketing

neg: Fiji Indian National Congress who had taken upon himself the responsibility of improving the status of the Indian community, formed another organisation with the same name. Vishnu Deo wrote to Jawaharlal Nehru, asking for a copy of the constitution on the Indian National Congress, saying that Indians in Fiji wanted to form a similar Congress and Nehru gave his blessing. On 7 October 1929, at a meeting in Lautoka organised by S. B. Patel, the two Congresses agreed to amalgamate and 7 November 1929 the amalgamation was formalised at a meeting in Suva. S. B. Patel wrote: We have a National Congress of Fiji.

neg: History of Thalassery National Congress (Congress) political organization was established in 1885. It became the center point of the Indian Nationalist Movement. In 1908 a district Congress committee was formed in Thalassery. V K Krishna Menon, who studied in Tellicherry, was an active member of the Tellicherry branch (started in 1916) of the All Indian Home Rule Movement founded by Annie Besant. Mahatma Gandhi once had a conversation with locals in Thalassery railway station, along with Shaukat Ali in 1934 en route to Kozhikode to attend Khilafat gathering. Notable local freedom fighters include S L Prabhu, Kamala Prabhu, Mukund Maller, Dr. T V

neg: Bofors scandal Bofors scandal The Bofors scandal was a major, weapons-contract political scandal that occurred between India and Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s, initiated by Indian National Congress (Congress party) politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, and several other members of the Indian and Swedish governments who were accused of receiving kickbacks from Bofors AB, a bank principally financed by the Wallenberg family's Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer. The scandal relates to illegal kickbacks paid in a US$1.4-billion deal between the Swedish arms manufacturer Bofors with the government of

neg: T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar wife, Palaniammal. Avinashlingam was a nephew of Indian National Congress politician and freedom-fighter, T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar. Avinashilingam had his schooling at Tiruppur High school, Tiruppur and London Mission High School, Coimbatore. He graduated from Pachaiyappa's College, Madras in 1923 and studied law at Madras Law College. In 1926, he commenced practice as an assistant to his uncle Ramalingam Chettiar before entering the Indian independence movement. Avinashilingam participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. He joined the Indian National Congress and adopted Gandhi's philosophy. He also served as the President of the Coimbatore District Congress Committee.

neg: History of the Indian National Congress Nehru's favor. Kripalani, C. Rajagopalachari and Tandon were marginalized, and the Congress Party's election fortunes began depending solely on Nehru's leadership and popularity. With the 1952 election sweep, the Congress became India's main political party. Congress Leaders Website History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, until the time India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, as well as the central and defining influence of the long Indian Independence Movement. After

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu by the Raja of Bobbili. However, the economic conditions under the Great Depression combined with anti-incumbency and rising corruption in the Justice Party ranks resulted in its defeat in the 1934 elections. However, Justice Party was returned to power as the Swaraj Party, the single largest party, refused to form the government. However, by 1937, things had changed and a united and rejuvenated Indian National Congress participating in the elections for the first time held under the Government of India Act 1935 registered a famous win and a near-complete rout for the Justice Party. Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu

neg: United Labour Front the People's National Movement. It saw most of its success amongst Indian voters, and despite its intentions to become a multi-racial party, effectively became the successor to the Democratic Labour Party. Having started with a collective leadership, the party eventually coalesced around Basdeo Panday. In the 1981 elections the party joined with the Democratic Action Congress and the Tapia House Movement to form the Trinidad and Tobago National Alliance. However, its vote share fell to 15.2%, falling behind the Organisation for National Reconstruction, and losing two of its ten seats (the DAC won two and the Tapia House Movement none).

neg: Baldev Singh Baldev Singh won an election to the Punjab provincial assembly under the Government of India Act 1935 in 1937, as a candidate of the Panthic Party. He became closely linked with Master Tara Singh and the Shiromani Akali Dal. When the Cripps Mission arrived in India in 1942 to offer Indians some form of self-government, Baldev Singh was chosen to represent the Sikh community in the talks, which also included the chief Indian political party, the Indian National Congress and Muslim League party. The Mission failed to make any progress. While the Congress Party launched the Quit India Movement, Baldev

neg: Kuldeep Bishnoi the Hisar 2011 Lok Sabha by-election, following the death of his father. Ajay Singh Chautala of the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) and Jai Prakash of the governing Congress party were among the numerous candidates who were defeated. Prakash and 38 others lost their deposits. The election gained national attention because it occurred during the 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement. In September 2013, Bishnoi declared his support for the Bharitya Janta Party by backing the party's Prime Ministerial candidate, Narendra Modi with his party (Haryana Janhit Congress BL) support. He also ruled out the possibility of his return to Congress, who

neg: Vasant Sathe Suniti and a son, Subhash who is an industrialist at Gurgaon near Delhi. Vasant Sathe Vasant Purushottam Sathe (born 5 March 1925 – 23 September 2011) was an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress party. He was a lawyer by training and became a parliamentarian in 1972 and a cabinet minister during the 1980s. He was a socialist and came to prominence in the congress after Indira Gandhi split the party for a second time in 1978. He was also known for his tenure as Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting when he initiated the process which led to

neg: Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement There were not many political parties at the time of Bengali Language Movement. There was Muslim League, who were at the treasury bench. The movement was mainly supported by Awami League, National Congress and East Pakistan Communist Party. National Congress was the only team at the opposition side of the house during the movement. In both Legislative Assembly and in Constituent Assembly they exposed of the logical position of the language demand. In doing so some of the members were called Indian agents and were harassed by the government. Some leaders were

neg: Malaysian Indian Congress Gandhi's ideology and determined for fight for Indian independence. He was actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement when he returned to Malaya. He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (MIC only officially became known as Malaysian Indian Congress, after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946. The word 'Congress' in the name of Malaysian Indian Congress is taken from the Indian National Congress, the party that Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence. After India gained independence in 1947, Malaysian Indian Congress changed its ideology and started to fight for Malaysian Independence. John Thivy

neg: Indian National Congress Munnetra Kazhagam respectively. The party during the post-independence era has governed most of the States and union territories of India. A majority of non-Congress prime ministers of India had been members of the Congress party earlier in their careers. Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became

neg: Vishwajit Pratapsingh Rane 2012 Goa Legislative Assembly elections at the insistence of Vishwajit Rane lost the elections. Vishwajit Rane retained his Valpoi constituency as a candidate of the Indian National Congress in the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly elections. But after the Indian National Congress could not form the government despite securing 17 seats in the 40-member Goa Legislative Assembly, Vishwajit Rane blamed the party leadership. He also wrote to Rahul Gandhi, the Vice President of the Indian National Congress, complaining about the indecisiveness pf the party leaders like Digvijaya Singh (who was the Goa desk in-charge of the party) and threatening to resign

neg: Indira Anant Maydeo Indira Anant Maydeo Indira Anant Maydeo was an Indian parliamentarian who represented Pune South in the 1st Lok Sabha as a member of the Indian National Congress. Born on 7 September 1903, Maydeo attended the Fergusson College, from where she received her B.Sc. degree. Maydeo was actively involved in the Indian independence movement and was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC). In 1933, she joined the Maharashtra division of Harijan Sevak Sangh. She was the most prominent women member of the party in Pune (then in Bombay State) and when the first general elections of independent India were

neg: Christmas Day Plot "Indian" identity. The refinement of this perspective fed a rising tide of nationalism in India in the last decades of the 19th century. Its speed was abetted by the creation of the Indian National Congress in India in 1885 by A. O. Hume. The Congress developed into a major platform for the demands of political liberalisation, increased autonomy and social reform. However, the nationalist movement became particularly strong, radical and violent in Bengal and, later, in Punjab. Notable, if smaller, movements also appeared in Maharashtra, Madras and other areas in the South. Political terrorism began taking an organised form in

neg: 2014 Indian National Congress campaign for Indian general election events and information related to campaigning. The war room was located at 15, Rakabganj Road and kept track of 160 Lok Sabha constituencies where the party needed to boost its preparations. The Congress party initiated its election campaign in January 2014. It gave extra focus to the new middle class of India which was above the poverty line but not enough rich to be in middle class. This new economic class comprises 700 million people out of the country's total population of 1.2 billion. This class includes railway coolies, servants, rickshaw-pullers, labourers, fishermen, guards and other people who earn their

neg: Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee is the wing of Indian National Congress serving in Mizoram. The Elected Office Bearers of Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee are: For about 300 years till 1952, the Mizo people were ruled by the autocratic and hereditary Chiefs. This system was upheld by the British Administration with supervision by the British officers. From 1920’s there have been pent up desire for a political change and for representative form of government. But any signs of Democratic movement were promptly suppressed by the British rulers. For the first time the administration allowed Political organization in

neg: Yashpal Kapur Yashpal Kapur Yash Pal Kapoor / Kapur (1929–1993) was a leader of Indian National Congress and a close aide of Indira Gandhi. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh from 1972 to 1978. Indira gandhi's election was declared null and void as well as she was banned from contesting any election for an additional six years availing the services of a government officer, Yashpal Kapoor, during the elections before he had resigned from his position. In young age while in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, the Gandhian call for Swadeshi Movement was the first activity that initiated the freedom

neg: Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition Pillai was killed in 1934. At the invitation of the Soviet leadership, Ubaidullah proceeded to Soviet Russia, where he spent seven months as a guest of the state. During his stay, he studied the ideology of socialism and was impressed by Communist ideals. He left for Turkey, where he initiated the third phase of the Waliullah Movement in 1924. He issued the charter for the independence of India from Istanbul. Ubaidullah travelled through the holy lands of Islam before permission for his return was requested by the Indian National Congress. After he was allowed back in 1936, he undertook considerable

neg: Indian National Congress (U) and Chidambaram Subramaniam joined Congress (Indira); and A.K. Antony split from Congress (U) to form Congress (A) in Kerala. When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to Indian Congress (Socialist). Indian National Congress (U) The Indian National Congress (U) was a breakaway faction of the Indira Gandhi-led Congress (I), formed in July 1979 by D. Devaraj Urs, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka. Urs' explanation of the split was the return of Indira's son Sanjay Gandhi into the party fold. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala,

neg: C. Rajagopalachari individuals against contesting elections for the Imperial Legislative Council and other provincial legislative councils, in opposition to the "Pro-changers" who advocated council entry. When the motion was put to the vote, the "No-changers" won by 1,748 to 890 votes resulting in the resignation of important Congress leaders including Pandit Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das, the President of the Indian National Congress. When the Indian National Congress split in 1923, Rajagopalachari was a member of the Civil Disobedience Enquiry Committee. He was also involved in the Vaikom Satyagraha movement against untouchability during 1924–25. In the early 1930s, Rajagopalachari emerged as

neg: Pakistanism Pakistanism Pakistanism, or Pakistanisation, is a neologism that refers to the continual division of any society along religious lines. Some West Africans were inspired by the Indian independence movement. In 1920, educated West Africans formed the National Congress of British West Africa, which modeled its name on the Indian National Congress. According to Ali Mazrui, the facet of the Indian independence movement West Africans found most admirable was the Indian peoples' unity during the struggle. In 1936, H. O. Davies said, "Africans should follow India – the only way is for Africans to co-operate and make sacrifices in the struggle

neg: Mohammad Ali Jauhar movement in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura incident. In this incident, on 4 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement clashed with police, who opened fire and killed three protesters. In retaliation, the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing 23 policemen. The Indian National Congress suspended the non-cooperation movement on the national level as a direct result of this incident. He restarted his daily "Hamdard", and left the Congress Party. He opposed the Nehru Report, which was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status of an independent

neg: Nittoor Srinivasa Rau Commission of India in February 1964 to check corruption, he chose Nittoor Srinivasa Rau as the first Central Vigilance Commissioner of India. When he turned 18, Nittoor Srinivasa Rau joined the Indian National Congress. In the 1930s and 1940s, he participated in the Indian independence movement. He worked for the Mysore state unit of the Congress and actively participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement. In 1932, he also ran the Congress state unit office in Dharwad. During the Quit India Movement of 1942, he provided shelter to Congress leaders such as Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, R. R. Diwakar, and U. S. Mallya.

neg: T. M. Nair them. He presided over the District Congress at Chittoor, North Arcot in 1907. When Nair lost the elections to the Imperial Legislature of India held in 1916 he blamed caste-based prejudices in the Indian National Congress for his loss. Nair felt that the Brahmins were dominating the Indian National Congress. He protested the Home Rule Movement launched by Annie Besant. In 1917 Nair left the Indian National Congress. At a meeting in August 1917 he said: In October 1917, Nair launched the South Indian Liberal Federation, also known as the Justice Party in collaboration with Sir Pitti Theagaroya Chetty. In

neg: Vinod Mishra Secretary of the party at the sixth congress of CPI(ML) Liberation in Varanasi in October 1997. Mishra was the political architect of the process of re-orientation of CPI(ML) Liberation. By 1976 the party had adopted a position that armed struggle would be combined with building a broad anti-Congress democratic front movement. The process further elaborated through an internal rectification process initiated in late 1977. In the early 1980s CPI(ML)Liberation began building an open non-party mass movement (in direct contradiction to the original policy of CPI(ML)), the Indian People's Front (founded in April 1982). The construction of IPF, through which the

neg: Janata Morcha Janata Morcha The Janata Morcha ("People's Front") was a coalition of Indian political parties formed in 1974 to oppose the government of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her Congress (R) party. The coalition was an integral part of the popular movement against the Emergency rule of Indira Gandhi and the direct predecessor of the Janata Party, which defeated the Congress (R) in the Indian general election, 1977 to form the first non-Congress government in independent India. It was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan and Morarji Desai, chief of the main opposition Congress (O) party. For the Indian general election, 1971,

neg: Bali Ram Bhagat Bali Ram Bhagat Bali Ram Bhagat (7 October 19222 January 2011) was an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. He was born in a Yadav Family at Patna, Bihar. Bhagat joined the Indian National Congress in 1939 during the Indian independence movement and participated in the Quit India movement. He received a bachelor's degree from Patna College and obtained a master's degree in Economics from Patna University. After independence, he served as the Member of Parliament from Arrah for six terms including the first five terms. Bhagat lost his seat to Chandradeo Prasad Verma in the 1977

neg: History of Pakistan divisive. After reviewing the report of the Simon Commission, the Indian Congress initiated a massive Civil Disobedience Movement under Gandhi; the Muslim League reserved their opinion on the Simon Report declaring that the report was not final and the matters should decided after consultations with the leaders representing all communities in India. As the leaders of the Indian Congress were jailed and restrained, the Round-table conference was held, but these achieved little, since Gandhi and the League were unable to reach a compromise. Witnessing the events in the Round-table conference, Jinnah had despaired of politics and particularly of getting mainstream

neg: Islam in Panama immigrants from the Indian subcontinent and Lebanon who arrived from 1904 to 1913 and later married local women. The first mosque was built by the Ahmadiyya Muslim movement, in 1930. In 1929 another group came from Bombay, India who went on to form the Sunni Indo-Pakistani Muslim Society. From 1929-1948 this organization (renamed Panama Muslim Mission) initiated construction on a mosque in Panama City. The location was half completed and was used for Eid prayers and classes for new Muslims, who numbered about twenty-five blacks of West Indian descent. There was also another group practicing Islam in Colón led by

neg: Pakistan India. An intellectual movement to counter the Hindu renaissance was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, who helped found the All-India Muslim League in 1901 and envisioned, as well as advocated for, the two-nation theory. In contrast to the Indian National Congress's anti-British efforts, the Muslim League was a pro-British movement whose political program inherited the British values that would shape Pakistan's future civil society. In events during World War I, British Intelligence foiled an anti-English conspiracy involving the nexus of Congress and the German Empire. The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian Congress engaged millions of protesters

neg: Bangkok Conference movement. However, the Indian National Council emphasised solidarity with the Indian National Congress and, at a time when Japan began its successful Malayan Campaign, the council reflected the Congress leadership's reluctance to appear Quisling of the Japanese. The council also had differences with the Indian Independence League, with Puri openly questioning Tokyo's anti-imperialist credibility in light of her actions in Korea and China. Puri was killed in a plane crash, along with Giani Pritam Singh en route to the Conference in Tokyo in 1942 that saw Rash Behari Bose accepted as the leader of the expatriate Indian movement in South-east

neg: Quit India Movement were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the All India Muslim League, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who

neg: National Union Movement Minister Sergio Onofre Jarpa, to form a single right-wing party. Following this, on 8 February proceedings were initiated to form National Renewal (RN), made its definitive legalization concluded on 29 April 1987. National Union Movement The National Union Movement (, MUN) was a Chilean political party that supported the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, founded on 27 November 1983 by Andrés Allamand, Francisco Bulnes Sanfuentes, Pedro Ibáñez Ojeda and other former members and supporters of the National Party, the Radical Democracy and Christian Democrats expelled from the party. Many members of the National Union Movement occupied public offices and

neg: Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai as part of Travancore, Thiruvananthapuram established. Pillai was selected as the first president and G. Ramachandran as the first secretary. Soon before the All India Congress Committee of 1938, the Indian National Congress, which was presided over by Pattabhi Seetharamaiah at Travancore constituency, played an important role. The conference demanded the immediate task of establishing a responsible government in Cochin and Travancore. The three states, Malabar, Cochin, and Travancore agreed to organize the event as a sub federation. In February 1938, the Haripura Conference of the Indian National Congress movement decided that the Indian National Congress committees in the country

neg: K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar (1909 – 14 January 1966) was an Indian politician and activist of the cooperative movement. He served as President of the short-lived Congress Reform Committee from 1957 to 1959. Born in South Arcot, Venkatakrishna Reddiar worked to establish cooperative societies. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the Indian independence movement. Reddiar resigned from the Congress in 1957 when the party ignored him in favour of representatives from its ally, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party (TNT) for the 1957 elections. He formed the Congress Reform Committee along with C. Rajagopalachari and

neg: Armenian National Congress the rift. After the 2012 parliamentary elections Armenian National Congress gained 7 seats in the National Assembly of Armenia. In the 2015 constitutional referendum in Armenia, ANC been in "no" camp. ANC leader Levon Ter-Petrosyan, stated that "the constitutional changes initiated by Serzh Sargsyan, destroying bases of the state". Armenian National Congress The Armenian National Congress () is a political party in Armenia, led by former President Levon Ter-Petrosyan and formed in 2008. Its direct predecessor was the Pan-Armenian National Movement. It is often abbreviated as ՀԱԿ or HAK, in keeping with its Armenian spelling, but it is occasionally referred

neg: History of the Indian National Congress Mohandas Karmchand Gandhi, who later on became more popular as Mahatma Gandhi, had success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda, giving India its first victory in the struggle for freedom. Then Indian National Congress had supported that movement; Indians gained confidence in the working of that organization that the British could be thwarted through that organization, and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership. A whole class of political leaders disagreed with Gandhi. Bipin Chandra Pal, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Bal Gangadhar Tilak all criticized the idea of civil disobedience. But Gandhi

neg: Yashpal Kapur 2. http://raebareli.nic.in/political.htm Yashpal Kapur Yash Pal Kapoor / Kapur (1929–1993) was a leader of Indian National Congress and a close aide of Indira Gandhi. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh from 1972 to 1978. Indira gandhi's election was declared null and void as well as she was banned from contesting any election for an additional six years availing the services of a government officer, Yashpal Kapoor, during the elections before he had resigned from his position. In young age while in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, the Gandhian call for Swadeshi Movement was the first activity that initiated

neg: Saurashtra Khedut Sangh Saurashtra Khedut Sangh Saurashtra Khedut Sangh ('Saurashtra Farmers League') was a farmers' movement in Saurashtra, India. The organisation was founded under the leadership of Ratibhai Ukabhai, a modest social worker and an erstwhile Indian National Congress member. It had strong support amongst the Leua Patidar community. Initially the Khedut Sangh was intended to function as a general farmers' body within the Indian National Congress framework. But the organisation failed to obtain support from the Congress leadership and developed into a separate movement. The Socialist Party leader Jaswant Mehta was amongst the supporters of the Khedut Sangh. In its initial phase

neg: History of the British Raj John F. Riddick, from 9 August 1942 to 21 September 1942, the Quit India movement: The police and Army crushed the resistance in a little more than six weeks; nationalist leaders were imprisoned for the duration. With Congress leaders in jail, attention also turned to Subhas Chandra Bose, who had been ousted from the Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command; Bose now turned to Germany and Japan for help with liberating India by force. With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army, composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had

neg: Indian National Congress (Organisation) of India, Swatantra Party and others to form the Janata Party. Congress (O)'s leader Morarji Desai served as the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979 which was India's first non-Congress government. Indian National Congress (Organisation) The Indian National Congress (Organisation) or Congress (O) was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi. On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress party for violating the party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organization, which came

neg: K. Hanumanthaiah was elected as the Secretary of the Students Union and the Karnataka Sangha. After his graduation, he joined the bar council in the same year. At that time, the independence movement was steadily growing and at the center stage of the movement was the Indian National Congress led by Mahatma Gandhi. Dr. P. Tandon, the then President of Indian National Congress, advised Hanumanthaiah to give up his active practice at the bar and to devote himself to the freedom struggle. With the inspiration of Gandhiji and the persuasion of Tandon, Hanumanthaiah joined the freedom movement and became active in the

neg: Pingali Venkayya Pingali Venkayya Pingali Venkayya (2 August 1876 – 4 July 1963) was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based. He was born at Bhatlapenumarru, near Machilipatnam, in what is now the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Various so-called national flags had been used by members of the Indian independence movement prior to independence being achieved in 1947. Venkayya's version was first designed for the Indian National Congress and subsequently modified in 1947. According to "The Hindu", "Pingali Venkayya was an authority in geology, agriculture and also an educationist who

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu held its first meeting at the Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay between 28 and 31 December 1885. Among the 72 delegates who attended the first session, 22 were from the Madras Presidency. Important public personalities of the Presidency, like Rangaiah Naidu, S. Subramania Iyer, and G. Subramania Iyer, attended the first session of the Indian National Congress. However, some prominent personalities like Eardley Norton, Salem Ramaswami Mudaliar, C. Jambulingam Mudaliar, T. Madhava Rao and R. Raghunatha Rao did not participate in the first session. Nevertheless, the Indian National Congress, with its ideals actively propagated by members of the Theosophical Society grew

neg:
Bolivian National Congress, 1979–80 Castro). PS-1 – Socialist Party-One. APIN – Popular Alliance for National Integration (Alianza Popular de Integración Nacional). Electoral alliance formed by
 Revolutionary Agrarian Movement of the Bolivian Peasantry, MARC;
 Bolivian Socialist Falange, FSB (faction led by Mario Gutiérrez Gutiérrez);
 Christian Democratic Union, UDC. MITKA – Indian Movement Tupaj Katari. PUB – Bolivian Union Party. Bolivian National Congress, 1979–80 The Bolivian National Congress 1979–1980 was elected on 1 July 1979. UDP – Democratic and Popular Union (Unidad Democratica y Popular). Electoral alliance formed by
 Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the Left, MNRI;
 Communist Party of Bolivia, PCB;
 Revolutionary Left Movement, MIR;
 Tupaj

neg: Quit India Movement during the times of anti-British movements started and fought by the Indian National Congress, "speakers urged the Sangh members to keep aloof from the congress movement and these instructions were generally observed". The RSS head (sarsanghchalak) during that time, M.S. Golwalkar later stated that the RSS did not support the Quit India Movement. Such a non-committal attitude during the Indian freedom movement also led to the Sangh being viewed with distrust and anger, both by the general Indian public, as well as certain members of the organization itself. In Golwalkar’s words,“In 1942 also, there was a strong sentiment in the

neg: Kehar Singh in Punjab. Operation Blue Star was launched by the Indian Army, to eliminate Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers who had been forced to seek cover in the Amritsar Golden Temple Complex by operations of the Indian government. The operation was launched in response to a so-called 'deterioration of law and order in the State of Punjab'. The roots of Operation Blue Star can be traced from the so-called 'Khalistan Movement'. The Khalistan Movement is a political creation of the Indian National Congress Party and labeled as the 'Sikh anti-nationalist movement', that sought to create an "independent state" for Sikh

neg: Krishan Kant when he plunged into the Quit India movement, while he was still a student in Lahore. He took part in the Indian Independence Movement as a youth and continued to be involved in politics, eventually being elected to Parliament of India. He was part of the "Young Turk" brigade of Indian National Congress party during the time of Indira Gandhi. He held important official positions in the parliamentary and organisational wings of the Indian National Congress, the Janata Party and the Janata Dal. For many years, he was a member of the Executive Council of the Institute for Defence Studies

neg: Uma Shankar Mishra Uma Shankar Mishra Uma Shankar Mishra (c. 1923 – 4 July 2016) was an Indian Independence Movement activist, politician, and President-District Congress Committee Raebareli. His political party is Indian National Congress. Mishra has actively participated in National Movement since 1946. He dedicated his life to serve the nation. He started his career as an activist and participated wholeheartedly in the agitations and revolutionary movements along with other freedom fighters. Uma Shankar Mishra actively worked with Feroze Gandhi from 1951 to 1960. During the 1st Indian general election, 1951; Feroze Gandhi contested and won from Raebareli constituency. Uma Shankar Mishra closely

neg: Indian independence movement mass national appeal and participation. Gandhi was sentenced in 1922 to six years in prison, but was released after serving two. On his release from prison, he set up the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, on the banks of river Sabarmati, established the newspaper "Young India", and inaugurated a series of reforms aimed at the socially disadvantaged within Hindu society — the rural poor, and the untouchables. This era saw the emergence of new generation of Indians from within the Congress Party, including C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose and others- who would later on come to form

neg: Fiji Indian National Congress following floods in 1930 caused the non-Hindu members to leave the Congress. Fiji Indian National Congress On the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the first Indians in Fiji, two different organisations called the Fiji Indian National Congress were formed in Fiji. The acting Governor of Fiji, Alfred W. Seymour, despite European opposition, declared 15 May as a public holiday and as a day of rejoicing. Vishnu Deo and his supporters wanted the day to be marked as a day of mourning and on 12 May, at a meeting in Lautoka, it was decided to form the Fiji Indian National

neg: History of Bareilly and the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway (R&K worked). The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was later renamed the Oudh Tirhut Railway and merged with the Assam Railway to form the North Eastern Railway on 14 April 1952. http://indianrailwaynotes.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/north-eastern-railway.pdf Its headquarters was at Gorakhpur. On 14 April 1952, the Oudh and Tirhut Railway was amalgamated with the Assam Railway and the Kanpur-Achnera section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway to form North Eastern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways. The Indian National Congress came into prominence in Bareilly during the khilafat movement when Gandhiji visited this town twice

neg: Gopinath Bordoloi The Assam Association was the only political organisation of Assam in that period. Assam Congress was formed in 1921 as a branch of the Indian National Congress. Gopinath Bordoloi's political life started when he joined the Indian National Congress as a volunteer in that year. He actively participated in the fight for independence. He was arrested in 1922 due to active participation in the Non-co-operation movement and was put in jail for a year. When the movement was called off following the Chauri Chaura incident, he went back to practising law. From 1930 to 1933, he kept himself away from

neg: Ram Subhag Singh led by the Congress party. Lok Sabha Ram Subhag Singh Ram Subhag Singh (7 July 1917 – 16 December 1980) was an Indian politician, a member of the Indian National Congress political party and a member of the 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha. He was elected from Bikramganj and Buxar in Bihar state of India in 1962 and 1967 respectively. After the split in the Congress party in 1969, he stayed with the Indian National Congress (Organisation). He was briefly the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha in 1969. He participated in the Indian independence movement. He was

neg: Indian independence movement Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British Administration from India. The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress

neg: Fiji Indian National Congress Fiji Indian National Congress On the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the first Indians in Fiji, two different organisations called the Fiji Indian National Congress were formed in Fiji. The acting Governor of Fiji, Alfred W. Seymour, despite European opposition, declared 15 May as a public holiday and as a day of rejoicing. Vishnu Deo and his supporters wanted the day to be marked as a day of mourning and on 12 May, at a meeting in Lautoka, it was decided to form the Fiji Indian National Congress. On 14 May, at another meeting in Suva, Dr Hamilton Beattie,

neg: Kedar Pandey Kedar Pandey Kedar Pandey (9 December 1920 – 3 July 1982) was an Indian freedom fighter and Indian National Congress politician, who remained the Chief Minister of Bihar from March 1972 to 2 July 1973, and Minister of Railways in the Union Cabinet from 12 November 1980 to 14 January 1982 as a part of the Government of India. Pandey was a part of the famous Young Turks of Bihar Congress during the independence movement along with Bindeshwari Dubey, Bhagwat Jha Azad, Chandrashekhar Singh, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Abdul Ghafoor all future chief ministers and Sitaram Kesri, future national president of

neg: Madras Presidency The third session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras in December 1887 and was a huge success attended by 362 delegates from the province. Subsequent sessions of the Indian National Congress took place in Madras in 1894, 1898, 1903 1908, 1914 and 1927. Madam Blavatsky and Colonel H. S. Olcott moved the headquarters of the Theosophical Society to Adyar in 1882. The society's most prominent figure was Annie Besant, who founded the Home Rule League in 1916. The Home Rule Movement was organised from Madras and found extensive support in the Province. Nationalistic newspapers such as "The

neg: Sitaram Kesri the formation of the Nationalist Congress Party. Sitaram Kesri Sitaram Kesri (15 November 1919 – 24 October 2000) was an Indian politician and parliamentarian. He became a union minister and served as President of the Indian National Congress from 1996 to 1998. Kesri became politically active at the age of 13, with his involvement in the Indian independence movement. Kesri was arrested for his political activities several times between 1930 and 1942. Kesri was a part of the famous Young Turks of Bihar Congress during the independence movement along with Bindeshwari Dubey, Bhagwat Jha Azad, Chandrashekhar Singh, Satyendra Narayan Sinha,

neg: Mohammad Ali Jauhar Ansari and Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi, who then enlisted the support of the Indian National Congress and many thousands of Hindus, who joined the Muslims in a demonstration of unity against the British government. Jouhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national civil resistance movement, and inspired many hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities and imprisoned for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech at the meeting of the Khilafat Conference. Jouhar was, however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of Non-cooperation

neg: Women in Pakistan feminist organisations started by prominent leaders like Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah started to form that worked to eliminate socio-economic injustices against women in the country. Jinnah points out that Muslim women leaders from all classes actively supported the Pakistan movement in the mid-1940s. Their movement was led by wives and other relatives of leading politicians. Women were sometimes organised into large-scale public demonstrations. Before 1947 there was a tendency for the Muslim women in Punjab to vote for the Muslim League while their menfolk supported the Unionist Party. Many Muslim women supported the Indian National Congress Quit India Movement. Some like

neg: Early Nationalists 1886 as both organisations had similar objectives. He presided over two sessions of the Congress in 1895 and 1902. Gopal Krishna Gokhale,known as ""The Political Guru of Gandhi"" as he was the one who guided Mahatma Gandhi to travel around India in order to fight against the British, was one of the social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Servants of India Society. Through the Society as well as the Congress and other legislative bodies he served in,

neg: Shripad Amrit Dange reviving the 'popular front' and working with the ruling Indian National Congress. These differences within the Communist Party of India, up to Palakkad congress was an internal matter of the Party; the international communist movement at that time was united. Ranadive who was earlier shunned for his extremism made a comeback to the Party leadership at the Palakkad congress. After India's independence in 1947, the princely states were integrated into the Indian Union, and the Deccan States including Kolhapur were integrated into Bombay State, which was created from the former Bombay Presidency in 1950. The Government of India had appointed

neg: Chennai first 50 years of the Indian National Congress, the city played host to its conferences seven times in 1887, 1894, 1898, 1903, 1908, 1914 and 1927, becoming one of the strong bases for the Indian independence movement. After independence, the city hosted the Congress in 1955 in its suburb of Avadi. Chennai is also the birthplace of several regional political movements since the British era. South Indian Welfare Association, one of the earliest regional parties, was founded in 1916, which later came to be known as the Justice Party, which was the main opposition party to the Indian National Congress

neg: Goa Forward Party the party and the Indian National Congress failed. Vijai Sardesai blamed the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee's President Luizinho Faleiro for the failure to form an alliance. The party declared its support to the independent candidate Edwin alias Cipru Souza who unsuccessfully contested the 2017 Assembly elections from the Navelim constituency against Luizinho Faleiro. The Indian National Congress accused that the Goa Forward Party was funded by the Bharatiya Janata Party. In the run-up to the 2017 elections, Goa Forward said its "vision" was a "developed Goa, happy Goans". It also spelt out what is said was its mission ("empowered Goans"),

neg: History of education in the Indian subcontinent institutions offering engineering courses. However, with the advent of the Second World War in 1939 the "War Technicians Training Scheme" under Ernest Bevin was initiated, thereby laying the foundation of modern technical education in India. Later, planned development of scientific education under Ardeshir Dalal was initiated in 1944. According to Indian National Congress President C. Sankaran Nair, 1919, Minute of dissent, British government restricted indigenous education: Frykenberg examines the 1784 to 1854 period to argue that education helped integrate the diverse elements Indian society, thereby creating a new common bond from among conflicting loyalties. The native elite demanded modern education.

neg: The Indian Ideology Gandhi’s injection of religion into the national movement was ultimately a disaster for it. Thirdly, that primary responsibility for Partition lay not with the Raj, but Congress. Fourthly, that Nehru’s legacy to Republic was far more ambiguous than his admirers will admit. Lastly, that Indian democracy is not contradicted by caste inequality, but rather enabled by it. Following the essays' original publication, the "LRB" received several letters of praise as well as criticism from scholars in India and abroad. When they were collected in book form as "The Indian Ideology" by Three Essays Collective, a small Gurgaon-based publisher of scholarly

neg: Indian National Army in Singapore means such as boycotting British products and consuming only local products. This movement also strengthened nationalistic feelings amongst the Indian population both in India as well as other parts of the world. As a result of this movement Gandhi was arrested and he spent two years in jail. However, the effects of this movement were far reaching as it spurred the emergence of a newer generation of Indians from the Congress Party such as, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari and Subhas Chandra Bose (who would eventually become the leader of the INA) who would later on actively advocate for India's independence.

neg: Kerala Congress and was the sitting M.P from Muvattupuzha had growing differences with K. M. Mani. This caused a split of a group of leaders from Kerala Congress (M) to form Indian Federal Democratic Party (I.F.D.P). IFDP tried to form a national level alliance but failed. Meanwhile, the parent Kerala Congress under P. J. Joseph also got split when P. C. George formed the Kerala Congress (Secular) splitting away from parent Kerala Congress under P. J. Joseph. Later Indian Federal Democratic Party(I.F.D.P), under P. C. Thomas which split from the Mani group, merged with the Joseph group. A section of the Indian

neg: Indian National Congress traditionalists, and Hindu and Muslim conservatives. Gandhi expelled all the socialist groupings, including the Congress Socialist Party, the Krishak Praja Party, and the Swarajya Party, along with Subhas Chandra Bose, in 1939. Azad Hind, an Indian provisional government, had been established in Singapore in 1943, and was supported by Japan. In 1946, the British tried the Indian soldiers who had fought alongside the Japanese during World War II in the INA trials. In response, Congress helped form the INA Defence Committee, which assembled a legal team to defend the case of the soldiers of the Azad Hind government. The team

neg: K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar was elected as its first President. Reddiar resigned from the Congress Reform Committee (which had been renamed as Indian National Democratic Congress) when Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party in 1959. Reddiar died of heart-attack on 14 January 1966 at the age of 56. K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar (1909 – 14 January 1966) was an Indian politician and activist of the cooperative movement. He served as President of the short-lived Congress Reform Committee from 1957 to 1959. Born in South Arcot, Venkatakrishna Reddiar worked to establish cooperative societies. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in