query: when did free primary education start in kenya

pos: Education in Kenya years and by the time of independence in 1963, 840,000 African children were attending elementary school. Kenya began a campaign for free primary education after independence in 1963. Since then, the system of education has undergone transformation twice. Before independence elementary education was based on the colonial system of education. In 1967, Kenya, with Uganda and Tanzania, formed the East African Community. The three countries adopted a single system of education, the 7–4–2–3, which consisted of 7 years of primary education, 4 years of secondary education, 2 years of high school and 3–5 years of university education. Under the system,

pos: Jomo Kenyatta the public sector grew faster than the private sector. The growth in the public sector contributed to the significant expansion of the indigenous middle class in Kenyatta's Kenya. The government oversaw a massive expansion in education facilities. In June 1963, Kenyatta ordered the Ominda Commission to determine a framework for meeting Kenya's educational needs, with their report being released eight months later. The report set out the long-term goal of universal free primary education in Kenya but also argued that the government's emphasis should be on secondary and higher education to facilitate the training of indigenous African personnel to take

neg: Education in Kenya though they fail their examinations. Most primary schools are day schools with pupils living at home. Fewer schools at primary level are boarding schools compared to secondary schools. All public primary school pupils sit for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination at the end of the school year in Standard eight. In primary school, students are taught English, Kiswahili and Indigenous language activities. In January 2003 President Mwai Kibaki re-introduced free primary education which previously existed before the mid 80s when the government adopted cost sharing measures that led to a minor level of school fees charged by primary

neg: Education in Kenya schools for text books, PTA, and extra curricular activities. Since 2003, education in public schools became free and compulsory ( Kenya Constitution,Article 53, 2010). On learning that primary education had once again become free in Kenya, Kimani Maruge, an uneducated farmer and the world's oldest person to enroll in primary school joined Kapkenduiywo primary school in Eldoret at the age of 84. He was elected head boy at the age of 86 in 2005. Secondary schools in Kenya fall into three categories – government funded, harambee and private. Government funded schools are divided into national, provincial and district levels. Harambee

neg: Compit Educational Centre and policies from Kenya Education System and Compit has been part of this process from the start. Primary education certificate or standard/grade 1-8 or KCPE and secondary education which is grade 9 or form II- to form IV or KCSE are granted at Compit Educational Centre graduates. Both KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) and KCSE (Kenya Certificate for Secondary Education) are being debated about their validity according to a new education commission. Compit is registered with a host of institutions and governmental agencies such as the Kenya Ministry of Education and Computer Society of https://web.archive.org/web/20110623100404/http://www.cskonline.org/training.html. Leaving graduation certificates such

neg: Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Kenya Certificate of Primary Education The Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) is a certificate awarded to students after completing the approved eight-year course in primary education in Kenyans. The examination is supervised by the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), an examining body in Kenya under the Ministry of Education. The same body also conducts and regulates the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), a certificate awarded to students after completing secondary education. KCPE and KCSE were both started in 1985 when the 8-4-4 system of education was introduced in Kenya. The subjects examined are Maths, English, Swahili, Social Studies,

neg: Kimani Maruge Kimani Maruge Kimani Ng'ang'a Maruge (c. 1920 – August 14, 2009) holds the Guinness World Record for being the oldest person to start primary school—he enrolled in the first grade on January 12, 2004, aged 84. Although he had no papers to prove his age, Maruge believed he was born in 1920. Maruge attended Kapkenduiywo Primary School in Eldoret, Kenya; he said that the government's announcement of universal and free elementary education in 2003 prompted him to enroll. In 2005 Maruge, who was a model student, was elected head boy of his school. In September 2005, Maruge boarded a plane

neg: Jomo Kenyatta over the civil service and other jobs requiring such an education. Between 1964 and 1966, the number of primary schools in Kenya grew by 11.6%, and the number of secondary schools by 80%. By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya's first universities—the University of Nairobi and Kenyatta University—had been established. Although Kenyatta died without having attained the goal of free, universal primary education in Kenya, the country had made significant advances in that direction, with 85% of Kenyan children in primary education, and within a decade of independence had trained sufficient numbers of indigenous Africans to take over the civil

neg: Mwai Kibaki total, the Kibaki Presidency did not do nearly enough to address the problem of tribalism in Kenya. Lawyer George Kegoro, in an article published in the "Daily Nation" newspaper on April 12, 2013 summarized the Kibaki Political Legacy thus:- "Kibaki was, by far, a better manager of the economy than Moi before him. He brought order to the management of public affairs, a departure from the rather informal style that characterised the Moi regime. Kibaki's push for free primary education remains an important achievement, as will the revival of key economic institutions such as the Kenya Meat Commission and the

neg: Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Minister for Education some three or four days after Christmas day. Efforts are ongoing to scrap the KCPE exam.. Kenya Certificate of Primary Education The Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) is a certificate awarded to students after completing the approved eight-year course in primary education in Kenyans. The examination is supervised by the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), an examining body in Kenya under the Ministry of Education. The same body also conducts and regulates the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), a certificate awarded to students after completing secondary education. KCPE and KCSE were both started in 1985

neg: Poverty in Kenya economic recovery in Kenya. The annual GDP growth rate had continued to go up during the period from 2003 to 2007. Owing to the success of Economic Recovery Strategy developed by the new government, children had free access to the primary education. To some extent, improved education level and economic boom had eased the poverty in Kenya. Kenya has kept the leading economic position in the East African region with the gross domestic product at 74.84 billion US dollars in 2017. The Kenya's economy mainly relies on agriculture, livestock keeping and tourism. Although only less than 20% of lands are

neg: Education in Kenya Moi, introduced the 8–4–4 system of education, which adopted 8 years of primary education, 4 years of secondary education and 4 years of university education. With the introduction of the 8–4–4 system CPE became KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) while KCE became the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). Since 1985, public education in Kenya has been based on an 8–4–4 system, with eight years of primary education followed by four years of secondary school and four years of college or university. To date, there has been steady growth in the advancement of education in the country. the country

neg: Tracking (education) ability, both low track students in the United States and poor children in Kenya can be at disadvantages in their educational advancement. For those in the United States, they acquire vocational skills at the sacrifice of reaching their full academic potential and the job security of a college education. The prospects for poor children in Kenya are even worse, having acquired few job skills in their primary school education. Poor children in Kenya did have the opportunity to gain admission to secondary schools through merit scholarships, which required that students attained satisfactory scores on entrance examinations. There were indeed opportunities

neg: Education in Kenya sitting for the East African Advanced Certificate of Education (EAACE). With the collapse of the East African community in 1977, Kenya continued with the same system of education but changed the examination names from their regional identity to a national identity. The East African Certificate of Primary Education became the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE), the first time the C.P.E was marked by a computer system, the East African Certificate of Education became the Kenya Certificate of Education (KCE) and the East African Advanced Certificate of Education became the Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education (KACE). In 1985 President Daniel arap

neg: Lord Kenya Kenya. He began his primary education at Central International School and had his Secondary education at Anglican Senior High School, Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. He then did his sixth form at the Mpraeso Secondary School in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Abraham desired to become a professional musician began at age 17, although he was familiarized with music right after birth. Lord Kenya was nominated as the Artist of the Year while the title track of his second album Sika Baa also nominated as Rap Music of the Year at the first Ghana Music Awards. Winner of

neg: Education in Kenya which had been offering degrees long before the establishment of the Commission for Higher Education; and universities authorised to operate with Letters of Interim Authority (LIA). In 2003 the Kenyan government promised free primary education to its citizens. In the early 70s primary school fees were abolished but in the mid 80s cost-sharing measures between the government and its citizens led to the re-introduction of minor fee charges by primary schools. As the trend continued with schools requiring parents to pay fees such as PTA, harambee, textbooks, uniforms, caution fees, exam fees and extracurricular activity fees, most parents became overburdened

neg: HIV/AIDS in Kenya The following observations and conclusions were outlined: ART was introduced to Kenya in the late 90s when the treatment was initially being rolled out. However, they did not start receiving low cost drugs until around 2003. Costs continued to decline, and with enough donor money, more than a million patients receive ART for free through the government. Recently, Kenyans with HIV got access to a high end drug for cheap due to an international deal. The cost per year for this drug treatment is US$75 and is a big improvement as it combines some drugs together to make the treatment

neg: Ketan J. Patel Ketan J. Patel Ketan Jayakrishna Patel is a scientist and tenured principal investigator at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB). Patel is of Gujarati Indian origin and was born in Nairobi, Kenya. His early education took place in his home country at Hospital Hill Primary School and Banda Preparatory School. In 1976, Patel left Kenya to continue his secondary education at Marlborough College in Wiltshire. He subsequently went to medical school at the Royal Free Hospital and the University of London (1980–1985) where he qualified as a doctor with distinctions in Medicine and Surgery. Patel originally

neg: Terry Hirst a comic for girls later published in 11 African countries, Human and Peoples' Rights, a widely distributed documentary comic during the UN’s Decade for Human Rights Education 1995-2005, and Introducing the Constitution of Kenya, a comic book published in 1998 as part of a long-running campaign on constitutional reform in Kenya which continued with posters, wall charts and pamphlets. These titles were often distributed free of charge to primary and secondary schools, colleges and universities in Kenya, East Africa and Africa. One of Hirst's more notable achievements in the field of "development communications" was a 54-page documentary comic book called

neg: Future Leaders Academy, Kenya school offers the Kenyan official primary school curriculum leading to the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) and also the official secondary school curriculum leading to the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), both of which are administered by the Kenya National Examination Council. The school is located south of Karatina town. Future Leaders Academy, Kenya The Future Leaders Academy is a Kenyan private, mixed, day and boarding school established in 2000 in Nyeri County near Mt. Kenya. It is owned by Evanson Mundia and Martha Nyarurii Mundia who are both retired teachers. The Future Leaders Academy is a not-for-profit

neg: Beatrice Elachi Beatrice Elachi Beatrice Elachi is a Kenyan politician who has been Speaker of the Nairobi County Assembly, since 6 September 2017. She replaced "Alex Ole Magelo", who did not contest his seat. Immediately prior to her election, she was the Majority Whip in the Kenya Senate. She was born in Kakamega in a family with four children. She attended "St. Teresa’s Primary School" for her elementary education. She then transferred to "Moi Girls Vokoli High School", in Vihiga County, for he secondary education. She was then admitted to Africa Nazarene University in Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya.

neg: Compit Educational Centre as Primary Education and Secondary Education are obtained from the Kenya Ministry of Education. Students sit on annual leaving exams of primary and secondary education which are available across Kenya. For 2010 School year, Compit Educational Centre is still renting classrooms and offices from ordinary looking business places such as Sunrise Shopping Center on 2nd Avenue in Eastleigh. The original 6th street location which opened in 2011 is still being used as offices as well as classrooms. Compit Educational Centre Compit Educational Centre or Compit for short, is a privately operated school system located in Easleigh, Nairobi, Kenya. Compit was

neg: Deaf education in Kenya Deaf education in Kenya Deaf Education in Kenya is a constantly changing section of the Kenyan education system that is focused on educating deaf, hard-of-hearing, and hearing-impaired Kenyan students. There are many organizations in Kenya made to protect the rights of Deaf Kenyans and promote progress in deaf education. The state of Kenyan deaf education is constantly changing and improving. Kenyan Sign Language (KSL) is the used by the deaf community of Kenya, the population of which is estimated to be 600,000. With a population of around 340,000 speakers (based on a 2007 consensus), KSL acts as the primary mode

neg: Education in Kenya to send their children to universities outside the country. This is largely because Kenyan public universities are not as flexible with admission requirements as some foreign universities. Another factor that has been pointed out is that youth with disabilities are facing major obstacles to progress in higher education, and measures as affirmative action or measures tailored to the needs of particular profiles of students could play a relevant role in this. 14. List of Primary Schools in Kenya Kenyan State-institutions Data & reports from external institution Education in Kenya Education in Kenya refers to the education system in Kenya. The

neg: Education in Bulgaria Education in Bulgaria Education in Bulgaria is overseen by the Ministry of Education and Science. Since 2012, compulsory education includes two years of preschool education (usually starting at age 5), before children start primary school. Education is compulsory until age of 16. Education at state-owned schools is free of charge, except for the higher education schools, colleges and universities. In 1998 enrollment in the primary grades was 93 percent of eligible students, and enrollment in the secondary grades was 81 percent of eligible students. The ratio of females to males in primary schools was 0.97, and the ratio in secondary

neg: Lulu Haangala in a family of four. Lulu did two years of her primary education in Zambia the rest of it, including secondary education, was done in Zimbabwe. She was educated at Baraton University in Kenya where she did her first year of University. This, however, did not work well and she instead relocated to Cape Town, South Africa, where she studied for 4 years and has a B.A. in Communications and a Minor in Business degree in 2005 and also has a certificate in Diplomatic Practice and Protocol through the Zambian Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies in 2008. Straight out

neg: Port Loko The club currently plays in the Sierra Leone National First Division, the second highest football league in Sierra Leone. Like the rest of Sierra Leone, Port Loko has an education system with six years of primary school (Class 1–6), and six years of secondary school (Form 1–6); secondary schools are further divided into Junior secondary school (Form 1–3) and Senior secondary school (Form 4–6). Primary schools usually start from ages 6 to 12, and secondary schools usually start from ages 13 to 18. Primary Education is free and compulsory in government-sponsored public schools. The Port Loko Teacher's College, one of

neg: Kenya combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its constitution. A few of these promises have been met. There is free primary education. In 2007, the government issued a statement declaring that from 2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidised, with the government footing all tuition fees. Under the new constitution and with President Kibaki prohibited by term limits from running for a third term, Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta ran for office. He won with 50.51% of the vote in March 2013. In December 2014, President Uhuru Kenyatta signed a Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was

neg: Education in Bulgaria and in 2012 this was extended to two mandatory years of preschool education. Education in Bulgaria Education in Bulgaria is overseen by the Ministry of Education and Science. Since 2012, compulsory education includes two years of preschool education (usually starting at age 5), before children start primary school. Education is compulsory until age of 16. Education at state-owned schools is free of charge, except for the higher education schools, colleges and universities. In 1998 enrollment in the primary grades was 93 percent of eligible students, and enrollment in the secondary grades was 81 percent of eligible students. The ratio of

neg: Uduak Amimo her primary education at Lavington Primary School in Nairobi before spending three years at Roosevelt Elementary School in Iowa in the United States. She then returned to St George’s Primary school in Nairobi before moving to the Navy Primary and Secondary schools in Nigeria. She completed her secondary education in Kenya at the Bunyore Girls High School, where she was a prefect. Amimo holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in International Relations from the United States International University in Nairobi, Kenya. She was part of the team that launched the university's newspaper and soon became its editor. She also holds

neg: Daisy Nyongesa Daisy Nyongesa Daisy Kanainza Nyongesa (born 23 January 1989), is a nominated senator in the Senate of Kenya, representing the youth on an Orange Democratic Movement party (ODM) ticket. Daisy Kanainza Nyongesa was born on 23 January 1989 in Vinyenya village, Likuyani constituency western Kenya. She went to Patrice Primary School then Silver Bells Academy where she sat her Kenya Certificate for Primary Education (KCPE) exams and proceeded to Moi Girl’s Nangili. She then joined Masinde Muliro University where she graduated with a Bachelor of Education (Arts) degree in English and Literature. She holds a master's degree in Diplomacy and

neg: Isaac Lenaola the "Kenya Magistrates and Judges Association" and a member of the "World Council of the International Association of Refugee Law Judges". He is also currently a member of the board of directors at the "Kenya Judicial Training Institute". Isaac Lenaola Isaac Lenaola is a Kenyan lawyer and judge, who has served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Kenya, since 28 October 2016. He was born in present-day Samburu County, on 21 December 1967. He began his education at St. Mary’s Nursery School in Maralal, in 1973. He continued his education at "Maralal D.E.B. Primary School" and "Baragoi Primary

neg: Alvan Ikoku of three representatives of the Eastern Region. Ikoku fostered considerable government interest in the Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT), becoming instrumental in the Legislative Council's acceptance of 44 NUT proposals amending various educational ordinances. He did encounter resistance through much of the 1950s, when the Colonial Government repeatedly rejected his NUT recommendations to introduce uniform education in Nigeria. After national independence, Ikoku and his union were vindicated, when these recommendations became the basis for education policy in the new nation. In 1962, he called for an 'Education Bill of Rights' for primary school education to be free for six years

neg: Education in Kenya boasts of a great number of public and private universities as well as middle-level colleges. Some private schools, however, offer a system of education similar to the British system of education with ordinary level exams, "O-levels" taken at the end of 4 years of secondary school and advanced levels "A-levels", taken after two years of high school. Out of all children in Kenya about 85 percent attend primary school. 75 percent of those who complete primary education proceed to secondary schools and 60 percent of those who complete secondary school proceed to higher institutions of education which include business and

neg: Education in Uganda present system of education, known as Universal Primary Education (UPE), has existed since 1997, and its introduction was the result of democratisation and open elections, as there was great popular support for free education. Despite its promising boosts in enrolment, issues with funding and organisation have continued to plague the UPE. In 1999 there were six million pupils receiving primary education, compared to only two million in 1986. Numbers received a boost in 1997 when free primary education was made available to four children per family. Only some of primary school graduates go on to take any form of secondary

neg: Kenya Province, the lowest, at 8.0 per cent. Preschool, which targets children from age three to five, is an integral component of the education system and is a key requirement for admission to Standard One (First Grade). At the end of primary education, pupils sit the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), which determines those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training. The result of this examination is needed for placement at secondary school. Primary school is for students aged 6/7-13/14 years. For those who proceed to the secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form

neg: Aiducation WIR tun" (in German: the article uses the organization to exemplify useful approaches in modern development aid) Aiducation Aiducation International (AI, commonly known as Aiducation), founded in 2007, is an international "for impact" non-profit organization (NPO) in the field of education. It sources scholarships from private persons in developed countries (the donors are called "AiduMakers") and awards these scholarships on a merit basis to needy students in developing countries. Its focus is on Kenya and on the Philippines. While the Kenyan population has access to free-of-charge primary education, few families can afford secondary school education for their kids. Every year,

neg: Aiducation Aiducation Aiducation International (AI, commonly known as Aiducation), founded in 2007, is an international "for impact" non-profit organization (NPO) in the field of education. It sources scholarships from private persons in developed countries (the donors are called "AiduMakers") and awards these scholarships on a merit basis to needy students in developing countries. Its focus is on Kenya and on the Philippines. While the Kenyan population has access to free-of-charge primary education, few families can afford secondary school education for their kids. Every year, this forces thousands of students to drop out of school. Consequently, talent, creativity, motivation and drive are

neg: History of Kenya ability to provide a living from the land dwindled. Kenya became a focus of resettlement of young, upper class British officers after the war, giving a strong aristocratic tone to the white settlers. If they had £1,000 in assets they could get a free ; the goal of the government was to speed up modernisation and economic growth. They set up coffee plantations, which required expensive machinery, a stable labour force, and four years to start growing crops. The veterans did escape democracy and taxation in Britain, but they failed in their efforts to gain control of the colony. The

neg: PACEMaker International Education Bridge Pitch competition and was featured as finalists in the annual Transform Kenya Awards. In 2016, 127 volunteers donated 100,000 hours of volunteer service. "We envision a Kenya where access to a high quality education is the norm for all children and where young people are empowered, and then engaged to lead change in their local communities." "To create equitable learning opportunities for students in rural and slum areas of Kenya." PACE recruits gap year students after they complete the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education(KCSE). PACE trains them to become Teaching Assistants in underprivileged primary schools. The youth engage

neg: Education in Lesotho for men (83%). When free primary education was introduced, the government of Lesotho decided to phase it in gradually, with fee elimination beginning for the youngest children in the year 2000. In 2010, with primary school enrollment rates standing at 82%, an Education Act was introduced to make primary education not only free, but also compulsory. While Lesotho does allocate over 23.3% of its budget on education, study in 2015 determined their were many challenges facing the educational sector. One such challenge includes poor retention rates at both primary and secondary levels. Other challenges included in the report are low

neg: Sport in Kenya is the governing body for Colleges and Universities Sports in Kenya. Kenya Primary Schools Sports Association (KPSSA) and Kenya Secondary Schools Sports Association are the governing bodies for sports in primary schools (1st to 8th grade) and secondary schools (9th to 12th grades) The raise of youth sports organizations in Kenya followed the failure physical education in schools. The first youth sport program, Mathare Youth Sports Association was formed in 1987. Since then, government agencies, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and multilateral groups such as the UN, have continued to establish youth sport programs in densely populated urban areas giving the

neg: Ronald Osumba down in Mr Kenneth's favour and gave him a free hand to choose a running mate. Ronald Osumba Ronald Osumba is a Kenyan who vied for Deputy President in the March 2013 Kenyan Presidential election on a Kenya National Congress ticket. He was the running mate to Peter Kenneth. Osumba who was born and raised in Kibera completed his primary school education at Olympic Primary School and was later educated through charity at the Starehe Boys' Centre and School. He holds a degree in Business Management from Moi University, a diploma in Biblical Studies and is certified with the Association

neg: Kenya they are five years old. This lasts one to three years (KG1, KG2 and KG3) and is financed privately because there has been no government policy regarding it until recently. Basic formal education starts at age six years and lasts 12 years consisting of eight years in primary school and four years in high school or secondary school. Primary school is free in public schools and those attending can join a vocational youth/village polytechnic or make their own arrangements for an apprenticeship program and learn a trade such as tailoring, carpentry, motor vehicle repair, brick-laying and masonry for about two

neg: Kenya Television Network moneys owed him and for compensation for his losses. When the Kenya Television Network (KTN) opened in 1990, it caused a major shift in the role of electronic media in Africa. The station caused a stir when it broadcast news bulletins that did not start with reports about a Head of State as was common throughout Africa at that time. KTN became so popular that there was a massive spike in television sales in Kenya. KTN was watched closely by other governments in Africa to see how it would impact the public and the politics. The government of Uganda sent

neg: PACEMaker International places of residence and receive a regular stipend. They are expected to offer service for at least 15 hours per week. Community engagement is limited to Primary education, apart from Longewan Baptist Secondary School Baringo The youth join a Fellowship,and are called Fellows. They undergo training every fortnight to strengthen their leadership skills. The launch of PACE Alumni Board during the August 2016 graduation seeks to: PACEMaker International Pacemaker International is a registered Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that works to improve education in Kenya., majoring with the junior levels. Plans to start Pacemaker International were laid between March and September 2012.Peggy

neg: Charlie Karumi finally White Cottage Primary in Gachie where he sat his Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) exams in 2005. He then proceeded to Alliance High School in Kikuyu for his secondary education sitting his Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) exams in 2008. It was while at Alliance High that he discovered his love for the stage, joining the school's drama club 'The Dramatics Society' and landing roles in 2 of the club's national award-winning plays. In 2009, he joined Strathmore University, Nairobi, and pursued a bachelor's degree in Business Information Technology (BBIT) graduating in April 2013. Karumi's professional career

neg: Sarah Junior School 1 to 8 in accordance with the Kenyan Education system. By the year 2020 Sarah Junior School will provide kindergarten and primary education to children aged 3 to 15 years old living in extreme poverty in Kibera, with a capacity for at least 30 pupils in each academic year. For all children in Kenya to have access to education and for the eradication of all barriers that prevent children in Kenya from completing kindergarten, primary and secondary school. The charity operates by the principle that Western charities should act in an enabling, not prescriptive, manner. The school is run and

neg: John Michuki ended, Michuki had relocated to Nyeri where he worked in the same job near the old police station, earning 1 Kenya shilling per day. While in Nairobi, he also cooked for the close and distant relatives quarantined by the colonial government as a result suffering from a smallpox epidemic. While here, Michuki enrolled at Kiangunyi Primary School where he sat for and passed his Kenya African Primary Education (KAPE) in 1945. In 1947 Michuki was admitted to Nyeri High School for his Secondary education, proceeding to Mang'u High School for his Advance Level education. It was while a student at

neg: Cinema of Kenya about a girl who dates a man in the social media only to realize it is her high school teacher. The category of the screen dance which is akin to music video was still an uphill task and the films presented were weak in production skills. The documentary was also very weak with few skilled productions. In 2015 the quality of primary school production was very low. Due to the government policy of free primary education many public schools were not funded by the parents and therefore lacked funds to produce video/films or even effectively participate in the annual drama

neg: Discovery New School in 2010 before the school opened. Philip Bujak, chief executive of the MSA, said: "We were ignored completely." Martin Bradley, chairman of the MSA, said: "The Montessori Schools Association has had limited contact with the school from the start of the scheme. We suggested that they seek accreditation, but they did not." While not formally affiliated with any religious organisation, Discovery New School followed an Anglican ethos and was one of four "faith schools" in the first batch of free schools approved by the education secretary, Michael Gove, along with a Hindu school in Leicester, a Christian primary school in

neg: Joseph Ole Lenku to three other elementary schools, including Ilbisel Primary School (1980–1981), Nkama Primary School (1982–1983) and D.E.B. Loitokitok (1984–1986), where he excelled in his Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) exams. In 1987, Ole Lenku proceeded to the Nakuru High School, where he attained his Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education in 1990. After high school, Ole Lenku was admitted to study at Kenyatta University. However, he proceeded to the Kenya Utalii College where he attained a diploma in hotel management in 1995. He then proceeded to the University of Nairobi where he graduated in 2006 with a Bachelor of Commerce in marketing

neg: Women in Kenya time due to Kenya's independence and the development of easier accessible public primary schools throughout Kenya. The Kenyan government has put a larger focus on educating the youth because they believe that it will lead to an overall more prosperous country. According to the Republic of Kenya Embassy's website, they concluded, "...it has been established that by providing primary education to women, a society is able to hasten its development." The situation for Kenyan girls in secondary school is slightly different than how it was for primary school. At the time of Independence, about 32% of enrollment in Kenyan secondary

neg: Deaf education in Kenya are mentioned in the 2009 Constitution, Article 7, in which it is stated that the State will protect these two Kenyan languages along with Kenya’s indigenous languages. The government of Kenya uses Kenya Signed English, which is parallel to American Signed Exact English, in which the sign language does not have its own grammar and follows English grammar. Kenya Signed English is also used in all schools under the Kenya Institute of Education. KSL, on the other hand, is backed by the University of Nairobi. It is used at Nyangoma and Mumias, both of which are primary schools for the

neg: Gakaara wa Wanjaũ Gakaara wa Wanjaũ Gakaara wa Wanjaũ (1921–30 March 2001) was a prolific Gĩkũyu author, historian, editor and publisher from Kenya. He was born in Nyeri District, Kenya, in 1921 and attended a local primary school in colonial Kenya. He never finished high school and never received tertiary education. Nonetheless, he began a career as a writer in the mid-forties when he started documenting events in his life, albeit discreetly. Later, his books after having been banned and causing him to be arrested, were passed to be included as part of various syllabi for Gĩkũyu language instruction in the lower grades

neg: Gakaara wa Wanjaũ was sourced from the Yale University Library microfilm collection of the Gakaara wa Wanjaũ papers. Gakaara wa Wanjaũ Gakaara wa Wanjaũ (1921–30 March 2001) was a prolific Gĩkũyu author, historian, editor and publisher from Kenya. He was born in Nyeri District, Kenya, in 1921 and attended a local primary school in colonial Kenya. He never finished high school and never received tertiary education. Nonetheless, he began a career as a writer in the mid-forties when he started documenting events in his life, albeit discreetly. Later, his books after having been banned and causing him to be arrested, were passed to

neg: Esau Khamati Oriedo he provided bursaries and other kinds of financial support to help promote the welfare of those in need. He campaigned for a comprehensive free and compulsory education in post-independence Kenya. In 1964 he founded “Oriedo Self Help Society” (registered on 3 June 1964); a non-governmental charitable foundation whose primary objective was to further socioeconomic welfare of communities in Bunyore and beyond, via self-driven and outcome-based sustainable development initiatives aimed at establishing socioeconomic self-sufficiency in the region. He was an advocate and promoter of literacy and higher education, which became his lifelong pursuit—as District Representative in Native Local Council of North

neg: George Saitoti Uhuru Kenyatta, Saitoti was appointed to the Ministry of Education. He was the man in charge of implementing NARC's flagship and globally acclaimed free primary education in Kenya. After 2004, as the NARC consensus crumbled, Saitoti left the agitating LDP camp and threw his lot behind President Kibaki. He canvassed for the government-sponsored draft Constitution, which lost to a combined KANU-LDP campaign during the November 2005 referendum. During the 2007 elections, Saitoti defended his Kajiado North parliamentary seat on the Party of National Unity (PNU) ticket, Kibaki's re-election vehicle, launched three months to the election on 16 September 2007. The

neg: Bridge International Academies International (EI), a global group of teachers’ unions, has criticised Bridge for its for-profit model being “morally wrong.” The World Bank was criticised by more than 100 organisations for funding Bridge International Academies. A statement addressed to Jim Yong Kim, president of the World Bank, expressed deep concern over the global financial institution’s investment in a chain of private primary schools targeting poor families in Kenya and Uganda and called on the institution to support free universal education instead. Concerns have been raised over the quality and standards of education provided to children at Bridge academies, due to the way

neg: Tung Lin Kok Yuen Lady Clara herself did not have much education and she did not want the future generation to follow her footsteps. She believed that education for women is essential for advancement of social stability. She founded the Po Kok First Free school in Hong Kong in 1930 and soon after Po Kok Second Free school was started in Macau too. The primary purpose of these schools was to provide practical education to women in the society so as to promote greater independence. Lady Clara Lin-Kok wholly dedicated the latter part of her life to promoting Buddhist education at Tung Lin Kok

neg: Free education Free education Free education is education funded through taxation or charitable organizations rather than tuition funding. Many models of free higher education have been proposed. Primary school and other comprehensive or compulsory education is free in many countries, for example, and all education is mostly free (often not including books (from primary) and a number of administrative and sundry fees in university) including post-graduate studies in the Nordic countries. The Article 13 of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ensures the right to free education at primary education and progressive introduction of it at secondary and higher education

neg: Kakamega Primary and Secondary education Majority of primary and secondary schools in Kakamega are government owned. Kakamega primary is the major primary school and is located in the city centre. Private schools renowned nationally located in the town include: Kakamega Hill School and St Joseph primary school. The town also hosts one national secondary school, Kakamega High School and many other secondary schools. Library services The town hosts one library set up by the Kenya National Library Service. Kakamega Kakamega is a town in western Kenya lying about 30 km north of the Equator. It is the headquarters of Kakamega County.

neg: Education in Haiti of inadequate numbers of teachers for the primary grades was to focus on secondary education in the Napoleonic approach to education. The first Constitution, promulgated in 1805 by King Christophe, stated that "... education shall be free. Primary education shall be compulsory... State education shall be free at every level." It guaranteed the right for everyone to teach –an "open-door policy" to private initiatives which meant that every person would have the right to form private establishments for the education and instruction of youth. The practice of providing accessible public education for all was established later when the Constitution was

neg: Evans Wadongo its primary focus is environment, education and economic empowerment. Wadongo was the founding chairman. SDFA-Kenya adopted the ‘Use Solar, Save Lives' programme as its main focus program as it combines the three aspects of education, environment, and economic empowerment. SDFA-Kenya is now working in all regions in Kenya. In addition, it is now working in Malawi in partnership with Jacaranda Foundation. To date, SDFA-Kenya under the leadership of Mr. Wadongo has influenced directly hundreds of thousands of people and, indirectly, millions of others. Apart from being the Chairman of the organisation, Wadongo doubled up as a Project Manager from 2006

neg: Education in Kenya of children ages 6–16. The Annual Learning Assessment (ALA) reached villages in 70 out of 158 districts in Kenya and assessed nearly 70,000 children in their homes. The ALA was set at a Standard 2 level, which is the level where students are supposed to achieve basic competency in reading English and Kiswahili and complete simple arithmetic problems. The chart below shows the percent of children who could not read a Standard 2 level paragraph or solve Standard 2 level subtraction problems: Key findings about education in Kenya, based on the results of the Uwezo 2009 assessment: Primary education in

neg: The School Fund fees that make it difficult for families to send their children to school. In 2013 and after many primary school fees had been eliminated, the UN found that enrollment in primary education in developing regions reached 90 percent in 2010, up from 82 percent in 1999. Countries that have abolished school fees at the primary level have seen increases in school attendance, with 42 percent increased enrollment in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2007. When Kenya eliminated primary and reduced secondary fees, attendance went up by 1.3 million students between 2002 and 2004. In countries that have eliminated primary school

neg: James Orengo the Senate of Kenya since 2013 as senator for Siaya County. On 1 September 2017, he won a case at the supreme court that nullified the re-election of President Uhuru Kenyatta. He was born James Aggrey Bob Orengo in 1951 in Ugenya constituency in Siaya County, Kenya to Apolo Stefano Olunga Orengo and Josfina Atieno Olunga Orengo. In 1958, he started attending Ambira Primary School, where he finished his primary education in 1964. He joined the Alliance High School in January 1965, and finished form four education in 1970. In 1971, he joined the University of Nairobi to study law,

neg: Al-Annazah on demand from the two main Syrian operators: MTN and Syriatel. It has a big and completely new primary school which allows pupils in Al-Annaze to take their elementary and preparatory education starting from age 5/6 until age 14/15. Primary education in Syrian law is mandatory for all pupils from age 5/6 to 14/15 and it is totally free. Al-Annaze secondary school accepts good students from different villages around Al-Annaze. The school has a lab, library, computer room, activities room and a wide area for volleyball, basketball and football. Students start their education in the secondary school at age 14/15

neg: Mau Mau Uprising the British Kenya colony. From the start, the land was the primary British interest in Kenya, which had "some of the richest agricultural soils in the world, mostly in districts where the elevation and climate make it possible for Europeans to reside permanently". Though declared a colony in 1920, the formal British colonial presence in Kenya began with a proclamation on 1 July 1895, in which Kenya was claimed as a British protectorate. Even before 1895, however, Britain's presence in Kenya was marked by dispossession and violence. In 1894, British MP Sir Charles Dilke had observed in the House of

neg: Secondary education education means) or quantitative saying when it starts and when it is completed. The term secondary is not defined or mentioned. Together this has enabled countries to terminate free, compulsory, basic education at 11 or only continue education past eleven to boys. Article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) stated that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. Free education should be provided and financial assistance offered in case of need. In 1990, at Jomtien again

neg: Education in Kenya which was similar to the British system of education, children began their elementary (primary) education at the age of 7 and completed at the age of 13 after sitting for a regional examination known as the East African Certificate of Primary Education (EACPE). After primary education those who passed very well proceeded to secondary school which ended four years later with the writing of the East African Certificate of Education examination (EACE). The highest level of education that qualified one to attend university was attained after two years of high school at that time distinct from secondary school with students

neg: Eric Edward Khasakhala aboriginal African Principals of an early education School in the colonial era Kenya; a progression from his illustrious teaching career which he’d embarked on soon after completing his high school education at Maseno High School in 1944. As an educationist, he received commendations for his exemplary performance by the then Colonial Governor Sir Patrick Renisson. Khasakhala was strict disciplinarian who did not tolerate tardiness and an excused absenteeism from his students. He was a teacher and later the headmaster of Ebwali Primary School at Bunyore. Afterwards, he was transferred to Lunza Secondary at Butere in Kisa where he served in

neg: Olympic Primary School to 4125 students. On Thursday, March 24, 2016, we inaugurated 20 new classrooms, bringing us to 45 classrooms. We still stand at almost 100 students per classroom. Our performance on the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examinations in November have improved each year for the last five years. This year, we reached a new record of 420 students sitting the exam, and a new high average score over the past five years of 295.14. Olympic Primary School The Olympic Primary School is a government-run primary school in Kenya. It is located in Kibera, a slum district in the capital

neg: National Council of Churches of Kenya Church in Kenya Free Pentecostal Fellowship of Kenya Full Gospel Churches of Kenya Kenya Assemblies of God Kenya Evangelical Lutheran Church Kenya Mennonite Church Lyahuka Church of East Africa Maranatha Faith Assemblies Methodist Church in Kenya National Independent Church of Africa Overcoming Faith Centre Church of Kenya Pentecostal Evangelistic Fellowship of Africa Presbyterian Church of East Africa Reformed Church of East Africa Salvation Army Scriptural Holiness Mission Zion Harvest Mission Church of God Bible Society of Kenya Christian Churches Education Association Christian Health Association of Kenya Christian Hostels Fellowship Kenya United Independent Churches Kenya Ecumenical Church Loan Fund Christian Students

neg: Yoshioka Yayoi Yoshioka Yayoi Yoshioka was born in what is now part of Kakegawa city, Shizuoka prefecture, where her father, a physician, advocated primary education for the village children. Yayoi grew up in the 19th century when women's education was frowned upon. She graduated from the "Saisei-Gakusha" school of medicine, and received the 27th medical license granted to a woman in Japan. Realizing the difficulty of this career path for women in Japan, she resolved to start her own school of medicine, which she did before she was 30 years old. The graduates of the Tokyo Women's Medical School (renamed the Tokyo

neg: John Munyes John Munyes John Kiyonga Munyes is a Kenyan politician born in 1966 in the latter day Turkana County. He attended Lokitaung Primary School for his primary education and he later attended Lodwar High School for his ‘O Level’ and ‘A Level’. He later attended St Francis University for his undergraduate studies. He belonged to the Party of National Unity and was elected to represent the Turkana North Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya in the Kenyan parliamentary election, 2007. He later represented Turkana county as a Senator in the Senate of Kenya as elected in the Kenya Senate elections,

neg: Education in Burundi protocols against child labour. In not practice, the reality of the Burundian education system is often different from its legal structure. The fighting during the Burundian Civil War (1993–2006) did particular damage to the education system. Around 25 percent of all the country's schools were destroyed and many teachers were killed or became internally displaced. Over 6,000 Burundian children also live in refugee camps outside Burundi. Education in Burundi Education is compulsory in Burundi for six years, between the ages of 7 and 13. Theoretically, primary education is free at point of use. Primary education in Burundi spans six grades

neg: Nkubu is the home of South Imenti Tea Farmers Sacco, a bank with the tallest building in East and Central Kenya. The building houses the Nkubu campus of Mount Kenya University. Education institutions in the town include Mount Kenya University, Nkubu High school, Nkubu Primary school, Stella Maris mission day and boarding primary school, Winners Academy, Kenrama Educational Centre, Nkubu Youth Polytechnic, Kanyakine Boys' Boarding school and Kaguru Agricultural Training Centre. The town is involved in commercial banana production. Some of the estates in the town's outskirts include Taita, Kiigene, Kaguru and Muthaiga (Muguru). Nkubu Nkubu is a town located in

neg: Shimoni a Deaf school, "Kichakamkwaju Unit for the Deaf" located about 4 km north from Shimoni village, located in the Kichakamkwaju Primary School compound. Both are administered by the Kenya Ministry of Education. A dormitory building provides eight sewing machines, and are sponsored by Kenya Kesho, Go See Kenya and Charlie Claw's. Starting in the 1750s, Shimoni, along with Malindi, Mombasa and other coastal cities and towns, was a primary, 'slave holding port,' for east Africa's coastal slave trade which reached from South Africa to the Middle East. These slave holding pens were located in the natural cave systems that exist

neg: Russian Enlightenment drawing, and household economy" but also "law, mathematics, languages, geography, history, economy, architecture, science, and ethics." Her Sub-Commission on Education concerned itself not with the subtleties of sciences, but with primary, secondary, and higher education. The idea was to teach children the duties required of those who live in society. The Sub-Commission began its work in May 1768 and used English universities, the Prussian system of national education and "Irish school" as models. The state then established free, co-educational high schools and primary schools in provincial towns in 1786. By 1764, district towns received primary schools however; rural schools did

neg: Audrey Cheng the Savannah Fund pro bono in Chicago, then moved to Kenya in 2014 to continue working with startup companies in Africa, where she was inspired to start her own school. In 2014, when Cheng was 21, she co-founded Moringa School along Ngong Road in Nairobi, Kenya. The school provides digital education with the goal of improving the employability of IT graduates. The first class was in January 2015. The school has expanded to Hong Kong, Pakistan, and Ghana. The school has been recognized for placing 95% of graduates into competitive companies in Africa and in other parts of the world.

neg: Kenema 1-6), and six years of secondary school (Form 6-12); secondary schools are further divided into Junior secondary school (Form 1-3) and Senior secondary school (Form 4-6). Primary schools usually start from ages 6 to 12, and secondary schools usually start from ages 13 to 18. Primary Education is free and compulsory in government-sponsored public schools. Prominent schools in Kenema include the Kenema Government Secondary School (GSSK), The Holy Trinity Secondary School, Ahmadiyya Secondary School, Holy Rosary Secondary School, and Islamic Secondary School. The Eastern Polytechnic situated at the main Combema Road is the highest learning institution in the city, offering

neg: Education in Croatia Education in Croatia Education in Croatia is a right defended by Article 66 of the Constitution which states that everyone is entitled to free compulsory education under equal conditions and in accordance with their aptitudes. Education is mandatory for children aged 6 to 15. The educational system in Croatia begins with preschools-kindergartens. Children start their compulsory eight year long primary education from the age of 6. After finishing elementary school, students can continue their education, based on grades in elementary school, in four year non-compulsory secondary schools that are divided by the curriculum into "gymnasiums", "vocational" (technical, industrial, trade) and

neg: Suas Educational Development - Kolkata, Vikramshila - Kolkata, Gatoto Community Primary School- Nairobi, Maweni Primary Schools- Mombasa and Kongowea Primary Schools- Mombasa. Education for All Programme provides technical and financial support to eight partner and education projects in India and Kenya, promoting high quality education for 14,000 children a year. The money and resources provided by Suas to these partner schools enable the schools to provide holistic education to the community, with a focus not just on formal learning but also on health care, curricular activities, social well-being, future employability and motivation. Since 2002 the Suas Volunteer Programme has facilitated over 600 volunteers

neg: Deaf education in Kenya academic progress. One of the first instances of deaf education that used sign language as opposed to the oral method of the missionary schools starts with the inception of the Kenya Society for Deaf Children (KSDC) in 1958, which went on to build the first two schools made specifically for the deaf- Nyangoma and Mumias. Both primary schools were built in west Kenya by 1961. Secondary schools were built as the number of students attending has drastically increased. According to KSDC’s statistics, 1,710 students attended schools for the deaf in 1982, and by 2001 there were 6,000 students. There were

neg: 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit weeks early when it departed 1 December 2001, in response to Operation Enduring Freedom being conducted in Afghanistan. Aircraft from HMM-165 (Rein) played an integral part in the air war conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom and provided the primary air support during Operation Anaconda in the early months of 2002. In addition to the 13th MEU (SOC)’s role in Operations Enduring Freedom and Anaconda, the MEU conducted humanitarian assistance operations in Kenya. While in Kenya the MEU built bridges, improved and built school structures, dug a well, and improved structures at a maternity hospital. Medical and dental aid and education

neg: Mekaela Academies of its pupils, mostly children from very poor families, to attend the schools. Additionally, all students receive free basic medical coverage. The founders Frank Muether, Micki Wentzel und Stefan Wentzel develop a concept for a private school for the education of children in Kenya. Mekaela Academies is registered as an educational organisation and purchases its first plot. Beginning of construction of the first primary school which is named "Manuel Alexander School" (MAS) to honour the first donor. The construction of the first building is completed in 1996, it has three classroom for approx. 90 pupils, an office and a teachers'

neg: The 50% Rule describing it as "stubborn" and a missed opportunity for evangelism. When St Richard Reynolds Catholic High School and Primary School were established in the London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames in 2013, campaign groups accused the local authority of helping the Catholic church to avoid the 50% Rule, by providing financial and political support for them to be set up as Voluntary Aided schools rather than Free Schools, and setting a legal precedent for interpretation of 2011 Education Act. The Education Secretary suggested that the school should "voluntarily" adhere to the 50% rule. In the end, the diocesan authorities did

neg: Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule Spain only in 1857. This did not exist in any other colony of any European power in Asia. The concept of mass education was relatively new, an offshoot of the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. France was the first country in the world to create a system of mass, public education in 1833. Free access to modern public education by all Filipinos was made possible through the enactment of the Education Decree of December 20, 1863 by Queen Isabella II. Primary instruction was made free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. This was ten years before Japan had a

neg: Dolphy grade. For his primary education, he studied at the Florentino Torres High School until his sophomore year. He was an average student, although his grades fluctuated from time to time. Quizon sold peanuts and watermelon seeds at movie theaters as a boy, which enabled him to watch movies for free. He was about thirteen when World War II started. He did odd jobs including shining shoes; attaching buttons at a pants factory; sorting bottles by size; working as a stevedore at the pier; trading; and driving calesas. In his free time he regularly watched stage shows at the Life Theater

neg: Education in Bulgaria of mandatory pre-school education may be attended either at kindergarten or in preparatory groups at primary schools. During the school year 2007/2008, 74.8% of children aged 3–6 years were enrolled in kindergartens. Elementary education (grades 1 - 7) includes primary school (grades 1 - 4) and junior high school/ middle school (grades 5 - 7). Children usually start primary education at age 7, but may be start from age 6 upon their parents' request. Certificate for Primary Education and Certificate for Elementary Education are obtained upon successful completion of grade 4 and 7 respectively. High schools use grades from the

neg: Education in Kenya Kenya begins at the age of 5 to 7 after completion of a year of kindergarten commonly known as Nursery School or pre-unit. The first class or year of primary school is known as Standard 1, the final year as Standard 8 and primary school children are known as pupils. The school year at both primary and secondary levels, begins in January and ends in November. Students get 3 school vacations in April, August and December. At the end of the school year students advance to the next grade.Since repetition was banned students still progress to the next grade even

neg: Education in Turkey by listening-comprehension and speaking, while introduction to writing will join these skills in fourth grade and after fifth grade students will start learning the language in all its four basic skills. Education in Turkey Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with the Atatürk Reforms after the Turkish War of Independence. It is a state-supervised system designed to produce a skillful professional class for the social and economic institutes of the nation. Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools,

neg: Samuel Mpasu a prominent historian and writer in Malawi, wrote in the "Nation" on October 13, 2009: "In its 1994 manifesto, UDF pledged to introduce free primary education in Malawi. When he won the presidency, Bakili Muluzi appointed Sam Mpasu as Minister of Education. The Minister of Education was more anxious than most people that exercise books and pencils be made available in time, otherwise the free primary schooling programme was going to fail." Mpasu was released from jail in 2010 instead of 2014 due to good behaviour. Mpasu was found dead in his house on 15 February 2018. Samuel Mpasu Sam

neg: Campaigning in the 2008 Austrian legislative election for antedating compulsory education instead, introducing a compulsory year of pre-school before primary school and abolishing the compulsory ninth year of education; his proposal did not meet with much approval, however, and experts stated that the European trend was going in the other direction (lengthening compulsory education to keep teenagers in the education system for a longer time). Styria had decided in late July 2008 to subsidise kindergartens in Styria, making them completely cost-free. The Greens called for mirroring this in all of Austria, providing free child care for children aged one year or older; the costs of €400 million

neg: Erica Frank Starting with a focus in the health sciences, NextGenU.org’s accredited courses span from college-level pre-health sciences and community health worker trainings, through fully developed Graduate Medical Education and the first globally free degree, a Master's in Public Health. She has tested and published on this model in North American medical, public health, and undergraduate students, and in community health workers and primary care physicians in Kenya and in India, and has a $16 million endowment for this work. Frank was the health reporter from 1985 to 1987 for the central Georgia ABC-TV affiliate], Editor of the student component of JAMA

neg: Mwai Kibaki 2003, Kibaki introduced a free primary education initiative, which brought over 1 million children who would not have been able to afford school the chance to attend. The initiative received positive attention, including praise from Bill Clinton, who would travel to Kenya to meet Kibaki. The 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum was held on 21 November 2005. The main issue of contention in the Constitution review process was how much power should be vested in the Kenyan Presidency. In previous drafts, those who feared a concentration of power in the president added provisions for European-style power-sharing between a ceremonial President elected

neg: Primary education abolition of primary school fees in Burundi where there was an increase in primary-school enrollment which reached 99 percent as of 2008. Also, Tanzania experienced a similar outcome. The country doubled its enrollment ratio over the same period. Moreover, other regions in Latin America such as Guatemala and Nicaragua, and Zambia in Southern Africa "broke through the 90 percent towards greater access to primary education." In Somalia, pupils start primary school when they are 7 and finish it at the age of 11 starting from form 1 to form 4. Pupils must firstly have attended casual school known as "dugsi"

neg: Primary education Algkool is the only school available and students enter primary school in bigger towns. 9 years of primary school (Peruskoulu) are compulsory. In France, primary schools provide education from the age of 6 to 11. The students start in CP (cours préparatoire) then past in CE1, CE2 (cours élémentaires), CM1 and finally CM2 (cours moyens). Before 1941 primary schools had upper sections called "ecoles primaires supérieures," which spanned on four years and enabled students to enter normal schools or clerking professions; such sections were turned into Lycées but "cours complementaires" remained until 1959, when such courses were turned into "collèges

neg: Alliance High School (Kenya) Inland Mission and the Methodist Church. Dr. Arthur pushed the British government to open education to Kenyans and all Africans in all colonies. He believed that Kenyans should be given access to primary, secondary and tertiary level education as a matter of right. His efforts bore fruit when the Devonshire White Paper was written in 1923. This meant that Africans were also entitled to a quality education. Dr. Arthur realised the need to have new institutions set up. He worked tirelessly, without the government's backing to establish a high school for Africans in Kikuyu. The school was finally established on