query: when was the first standing army created in the united states

pos: History of the United States Army History of the United States Army The history of the United States Army began in 1775. From its formation, the United States Army has been the primary land based part of the United States Armed Forces. The Army's main responsibility has been in fighting land battles and military occupation. The Corps of Engineers also has a major role in controlling rivers inside the United States. The Continental Army was founded in response to a need for professional soldiers in the American Revolutionary War to fight the invading British Army. Until the 1940s, the Army was relatively small in peacetime. In

neg: Provisional Army of the United States Provisional Army of the United States The Provisional Army of the United States was a rump military force maintained by the United States of America between May 1798 and June 1800. The Provisional Army of the United States was created as a second, standing army to exist simultaneously with the United States Army, due to political concerns about increasing the size of the latter force. Raised following the outbreak of war between the United States and France, unlike the United States Army the term of enlistment of personnel to the Provisional Army was only for the duration of the "existing

neg: Provisional Army of the United States on his ability to remain in secluded retirement at Mount Vernon until actually needed. The Provisional Army's other officers included Major General Alexander Hamilton (Inspector General), Brigadier General William North (Adjutant General), and Dr. James Craik (Physician General). On paper, the Provisional Army was organized into one cavalry regiment and twelve infantry regiments. Provisional Army of the United States The Provisional Army of the United States was a rump military force maintained by the United States of America between May 1798 and June 1800. The Provisional Army of the United States was created as a second, standing army to exist

neg: First United States Army Group Axis intelligence. First United States Army Group First United States Army Group (often abbreviated FUSAG) was a fictitious (paper command) Allied Army Group in World War II prior to D-Day, part of Operation Quicksilver, created to deceive the Germans about where the Allies would land in France. To attract Axis attention, prominent US general George S. Patton was placed in command of the fabricated formation. First U.S. Army Group was activated in London in 1943 as the planning formation for the Allied invasion of France under General Omar Bradley. When Twelfth United States Army Group was activated on 1 August

neg: First United States Army Group First United States Army Group First United States Army Group (often abbreviated FUSAG) was a fictitious (paper command) Allied Army Group in World War II prior to D-Day, part of Operation Quicksilver, created to deceive the Germans about where the Allies would land in France. To attract Axis attention, prominent US general George S. Patton was placed in command of the fabricated formation. First U.S. Army Group was activated in London in 1943 as the planning formation for the Allied invasion of France under General Omar Bradley. When Twelfth United States Army Group was activated on 1 August 1944, Bradley

neg: Second Amendment to the United States Constitution right which the people have reserved to themselves, confirmed by the Bill of Rights, to keep arms for their own defence.” The armed forces that won the American Revolution consisted of the standing Continental Army created by the Continental Congress, together with regular French army and naval forces and various state and regional militia units. In opposition, the British forces consisted of a mixture of the standing British Army, Loyalist militia and Hessian mercenaries. Following the Revolution, the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation. Federalists argued that this government had an unworkable division of power between Congress

neg: Military Information Division (United States) of the attaché system; supervising mapping, and maintaining a reference collection. "For the moment, the intelligence function had achieved equal standing with other staff missions." Military Information Division (United States) The Military Information Division (MID) was the first military intelligence branch of the United States Army and the United States Department of War, operating from 1885 to 1903. The MID was established by Brigadier General Richard C. Drum, the then Adjutant General of the United States Army in October 1885 under his office in Washington, DC. Thus becoming the de facto first standing military intelligence agency of the United States.

neg: United States House Committee on Small Business United States House Committee on Small Business The United States House Committee on Small Business is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. On December 4, 1941, the U. S. House of Representatives created the first House Select Committee on Small Business in response to a growing number of small business activists and organizations advocating for more protections and better government policies for America’s small businesses. While it had no legislative authority, the select committee became popular with House members and was reauthorized every following Congress until January 5, 1975, when it was made a permanent standing

neg: United States Army North United States Army North The United States Army North is a formation of the United States Army Service Component Command of United States Northern Command. As the joint force land component command, it is responsible for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities. It is garrisoned at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. From early January 1943, when it was first created during World War II, under the command of Lieutenant General Mark Wayne Clark, until 2004, it was previously designated as the United States Fifth Army. The United States Fifth Army was one of the principal formations of the U.S.

neg: First United States Army Army Group. In Operation Lumberjack, First Army closed up to the lower Rhine by 5 March, and the higher parts of the river five days later. On 7 March, in a stroke of luck, Company A, 27th Armored Infantry Battalion, part of Combat Command B, found the Ludendorff Bridge across the Rhine at Remagen still standing. It quickly captured the bridge and established a secure bridgehead. in the next 15 days, over 25,000 troops and their equipment crossed the river. By 4 April, an enormous pocket had been created by First Army and Ninth Army, which contained the German Army

neg: Standing army of Assyria (ruled 745–727 BC) created Assyria's first standing army. The first known standing armies in Europe were in ancient Greece. The male citizen body of ancient Sparta functioned as a standing army, unlike all other city-states (Poleis), whose armies were citizen militias. The existence of an enslaved population of helots liberated the Spartiates from the need to work for a living, enabling them to focus their time and energy on martial training. Philip II of Macedon instituted the first professional army, with soldiers and cavalrymen paid for their service year-round, rather than a militia of men who mostly farmed

neg: Army part of the Americans' distrust of standing armies, and irregular state militias became the sole ground army of the United States, with the exception of one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. Then First American Regiment was established in 1784. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The first of these, the Legion of the United States, was established in 1791. Until 1733 the common soldiers of Prussian Army consisted largely of peasantry recruited or impressed from Brandenburg–Prussia, leading many to flee to neighboring

neg: Army Air Defense Command (United States) Army Air Defense Command (United States) Army Anti-Aircraft Command, previously Army Anti-Aircraft Command, was a major command of the United States Army, which existed from 1957 to 1974. The previous ARAACOM was created in 1950 and was redesignated ARADCOM in 1957. The Army formed it to command the Army units allocated to the air defense of the Continental United States. ARAACOM was also charged with becoming the Army component of a joint continental defense force, if and when the joint force was designated. Army Anti-Aircraft Command (ARAACOM) was created on 29 June 1950. Eastern and Western Army Antiaircraft Commands were

neg: Military Information Division (United States) Military Information Division (United States) The Military Information Division (MID) was the first military intelligence branch of the United States Army and the United States Department of War, operating from 1885 to 1903. The MID was established by Brigadier General Richard C. Drum, the then Adjutant General of the United States Army in October 1885 under his office in Washington, DC. Thus becoming the de facto first standing military intelligence agency of the United States. While the Union Army had a Bureau of Military Information, it reported to the Commanding General for less than a year prior to being disbanded

neg: United States Army North known as Task Force-51, which is responsible for responding to all hazards incidents that require DOD assistance. TF-51 can be employed as an all-hazards task force or a Joint Task Force (JTF) with joint augmentation. United States Army North The United States Army North is a formation of the United States Army Service Component Command of United States Northern Command. As the joint force land component command, it is responsible for homeland defense and defense support of civil authorities. It is garrisoned at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. From early January 1943, when it was first created during World War II,

neg: Continental Army Regiment slowly organized and achieved permanent status as an infantry regiment of the new Regular Army. The lineage of the First American Regiment is carried on by the 3rd United States Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard). However the United States military realized it needed a well-trained standing army following St. Clair's Defeat on November 4, 1791, when a force led by General Arthur St. Clair was almost entirely wiped out by the Western Confederacy near Fort Recovery, Ohio. The plans, which were supported by U.S. President George Washington and Henry Knox, Secretary of War, led to the disbandment of the

neg: United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures The United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was one of the original standing committees created in the Senate in 1816, but it only lasted nine years, when it was split into the Committee on Commerce and the Committee on Manufactures. It functions are now under the jurisdiction of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. The Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was established as one of the original standing committees, following adoption of a resolution proposed by James Barbour of Virginia on December 10, 1816. The committee`s

neg: United States Congress Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills United States Congress Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills The Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills was a joint committee of the United States Congress operating from 1789 to 1876. It was one of the first standing committees established by Congress, having been created July 27, 1789 during the 1st Congress. The enrollment process dates to the first years of Congress, with procedures to ensure its integrity initially laid out in "Jefferson's Manual": "When a bill has passed both Houses of Congress, the House last acting on it notifies its passage to the other, and delivers the bill to the Joint Committee

neg: United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship Small Business was created with approval of Senate Resolution 58 during the 81st Congress. That first committee had just nine members. It was the first select committee created by the Senate that still operates today. The select committee was terminated on March 25, 1981, when it became the Committee on Small Business, a standing committee. On June 29, 2001, Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.) changed the name of the committee to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. The committee's jurisdiction has been changed several times since it was first created, through additional powers or by changing the manner in

neg: United States Senate Committee on Indian Depredations Indians. Many committee petitioners requested that claims for crimes committed during wartime be eligible for compensation, because the act limited claims to depredations committed in times of peace with the Indians. The committee was terminated April 18, 1921, when the Senate eliminated this and several other obsolete standing and select committees. United States Senate Committee on Indian Depredations The Committee on Indian Depredations was a standing committee of the United States Senate from 1893 to 1921. It was superseded by a select committee which operated from 1889 to 1895. The Committee on Indian Depredations was created by a Senate resolution

neg: William E. Potts Treaty Organization (NATO) Military Committee and Standing Group in July 1962. In May 1965, Potts was selected as the first Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, for the United States Army, Vietnam. In February 1966 Potts was assigned as Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and Administration and as Special Assistant to the Commanding General, United States Army, Vietnam. Colonel Potts returned to the United States in August 1966 and assigned as the Chief of Staff, United States Army Security Agency and after promotion to Brigadier General, assumed the duties of Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, for the Commander in Chief,

neg: Jerauld Wright from November 1950 to February 1952. The Standing Group was the standing planning organization under NATO's Military Committee, composed of military representatives from the United States, Great Britain, and France. At the time of Wright's tour of duty, SG membership was General of the Army Omar Bradley, United States Army, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Tedder, Royal Air Force and Lieutenant General Paul Ely, French Army. The Standing Group was charged with providing policy guidance and military-related information to NATO's various regional planning groups, including General Dwight D. Eisenhower at SHAPE headquarters. The Standing Group undertook short-term (STDP),

neg: Mason Patrick Mason Patrick Mason Mathews Patrick (December 13, 1863 – January 29, 1942) was a general officer in the United States Army who led the United States Army Air Service during and after World War I and became the first Chief of the Army Air Corps when it was created on July 2, 1926. He was born and educated in Lewisburg, West Virginia and at age 18 entered U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he finished second in his class behind classmate John J. Pershing. Early in his career, he served as Chief Engineer for the Army of Cuban Pacification

neg: United States National Guard the authority of the Continental Congress, assumed command of the Army of Observation and the new organization became the Continental Army from which the United States Army traces its origins. Throughout the war, militia units were mobilized when British forces entered their geographic areas and participated in most of the battles fought during the war. The early United States distrusted a standing army, and kept the number of professional soldiers small. During the Northwest Indian War, the majority of soldiers were provided by state militias. There are nineteen Army National Guard units with campaign credit for the War of 1812.

neg: History of the United States Air Force 1947. <nowiki>**</nowiki>The Army Air Forces were abolished by Transfer Order 1, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 26 September 1947, implementing the same provisions. Transfer Order 1 was the first of 200 Army-Air Force transfer agreements drawn up in June and July 1947, and ordered the transfer of all military and civilian personnel of the Army Air Forces to the Department of the Air Force and the USAF. The final transfer order was signed 22 June 1949. In 1917, upon the United States' entry into World War I, the first major U.S. aviation combat force was created when an Air

neg: United States House Committee on Accounts House Administration was created by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, which superseded ten standing committees, assuming the jurisdictions and functions of some of the oldest and longest standing committees of the House. Among the merged committees were the House Committee on Accounts, along with the Committees on Enrolled Bills (created in 1789 as Joint Committee), Elections (created in 1794), Printing (created in 1846), Disposition of Executive Papers (created in 1889), Memorials (created in 1929), and some functions of the Joint Committee on the Library (created in 1806 as a Joint Committee). United States House Committee on Accounts The United

neg: Regular Army (United States) the reorganization of the army following the War of 1812. Congress gradually increased the military establishment from 700 men in 1784 to 5,104 in 1793. The United States military realised it needed a well-trained standing army following St. Clair's Defeat on November 4, 1791, when a force led by General Arthur St. Clair was almost entirely wiped out by the Western Confederacy near Fort Recovery, Ohio. The plans, which were supported by U.S. President George Washington and Henry Knox, Secretary of War, would lead to the creation of the Legion of the United States. The command would be based on

neg: Nelson A. Miles 2 hours, 25 minutes. This was the longest horseback ride ever made by a commanding general of the army. Called a "brave peacock" by President Theodore Roosevelt, Miles nevertheless retired from the army in 1903 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64. Upon his retirement, the office of Commanding General of the United States Army was abolished by an Act of Congress and the Army Chief of Staff system was introduced. A year later, standing as presidential candidate at the Democratic National Convention, he received a handful of votes. When the United States entered World War I in 1917,

neg: 1st Cavalry Regiment (United States) of a standing army, so Congress insisted on economy and a minimum standing Army). The "United States Regiment of Dragoons" was organized by an Act of Congress approved on 2 March 1833 after the disbandment of the "Battalion of Mounted Rangers" (formed in 1832 due to a lack of mounted units to patrol the frontier and also in response to the Black Hawk War). The first order announcing appointments in the regiment was dated 5 March 1833, and gave the names of the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, major, four captains and four lieutenants, stating that the organization of the regiment would be

neg: United States Army With a decisive victory at Yorktown and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very

neg: Armed Forces of Liberia The force operates according to slightly modified United States Army practices, and uses U.S. doctrine. "..The first battalion started the United States Army Training and Evaluation Programme, which it will complete in September [2009], while the second battalion will complete the programme in December [2009]. At that time, the United States contractors currently training and equipping the force will hand over to the Ministry of National Defense, which will assume responsibility for training and standing up the new army. The United States has indicated that it plans to assign as many as 60 United States serving military personnel to continue

neg: Mason Patrick was named after Patrick: Mason Patrick Mason Mathews Patrick (December 13, 1863 – January 29, 1942) was a general officer in the United States Army who led the United States Army Air Service during and after World War I and became the first Chief of the Army Air Corps when it was created on July 2, 1926. He was born and educated in Lewisburg, West Virginia and at age 18 entered U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he finished second in his class behind classmate John J. Pershing. Early in his career, he served as Chief Engineer for the

neg: Panamanian Public Forces security forces, and small air and maritime forces. They are tasked with law enforcement and can perform limited military actions. Since 2010 they have reported to the Ministry of Public Security. Panama's first army was formed in 1903, when the commander of a brigade of the Colombian army defected to the pro-independence side during Panama's fight for independence. His brigade became the Panamanian army. In 1904, the army tried to overthrow the government, but failed. The United States persuaded Panama that a standing army could threaten the security of the Panama Canal Zone. Instead, the country set up a "National

neg: Georges Thenault Georges Thenault Lieutenant Colonel Georges Thenault () was the commander of the Lafayette Escadrille – the famed branch of the French air force in World War I composed of American volunteer pilots. The Lafayette Escadrille was created before the United States gave up its neutrality and joined France and Britain in the war against Germany. Once the United States formally entered the war, the Lafayette Escadrille was absorbed into the U.S. Army. Born December 1887, small town of Celle-Lévescault, France (located on main highway between La Rochelle and Tours). Standing 5-ft, 8-in, he was a giant in the eyes of

neg: Ninth United States Army the Germans had created. Many of Ninth Army's units passed to the command of First Army, which was doing the main work of reducing the German salient from the north. In the meantime, the remainder of Ninth Army continued to hold the line along the Roer. When First Army and Third Army had finished reducing the salient, First Army returned to the command of 12th Army Group, but Ninth Army remained under the command of 21st Army Group for the remainder of the Rhineland Campaign. In late February 1945 the Ninth Army launched Operation Grenade, which was the southern prong

neg: 21st Cavalry Division (United States) lifetime. The division did not participate in the First Army maneuvers in 1935, 1939, and 1940. The 21st was inactivated on 1 October 1940 and disbanded on 1 November 1940. 21st Cavalry Division (United States) The 21st Cavalry Division was a division of the United States Army National Guard located in the north eastern United States. The division was composed of personnel from the New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards. The division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units after the First World War. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army

neg: 21st Cavalry Division (United States) 21st Cavalry Division (United States) The 21st Cavalry Division was a division of the United States Army National Guard located in the north eastern United States. The division was composed of personnel from the New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards. The division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units after the First World War. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation. The division was constituted in 1921 and assigned to the First Army. Not all authorized units were active during the division's

neg: History of the Philippine Army assumption that the United States Navy would not idly stand by if the Philippines were attacked. When the war with Japan began, the Philippine Army was six years from its founding in December 1935 and about five years from the 1946 date at which it was to be fully operational. The naval force which was to protect it against a first-rate naval power was in ruins at Pearl Harbor; the Japanese had pilots standing by fueled-and-loaded bombers in Formosa, prepared to strike the Philippines. The Army of the Philippines was initially organized under the National Defense Act of 1935 (Commonwealth

neg: John Wesley Warrington the United States Senate, and received his commission. When Warrington assumed senior status on October 6, 1919, he was the first judge to enter this form of semi-retirement, which had recently been created by statute. He continued working in senior status until his death. John Wesley Warrington John Wesley Warrington (July 22, 1844 – May 26, 1921) was a United States federal judge. John Wesley Warrington was, by family records, born on July 22, 1846, which made him but 16 years old when he enlisted in the 110th O.V.I. Born in Clark County, Ohio, Warrington joined the United States Army

neg: Army of the United States term "Army of the United States" or "Armies of the United States" is also the legal name of the collective land forces of the United States, as prescribed by the United States Constitution. In this concept, the term "Army of the United States" has been in use since at least 1841, as in the title "General Regulations for the Army of the United States". The original concept of a non-Regular Army component, existing to augment the standing military, can trace its origins to the United States Volunteers. State volunteer forces were used extensively to augment the Regular Army throughout the

neg: War Powers Resolution than two years. This division matches how the Revolutionary War was fought, by the Continental Army, raised and supported by the Continental Congress, and local Militias and Volunteer Regiments, raised by the separate Colonies. After the war, under the Articles of Confederation, a small standing Army, the First American Regiment was raised and gradually increased in size over time by Congress before, following the Constitution's ratification, being transformed into the Regular Army. The availability of a standing Army, and the President of the United States being authorized as "Commander in Chief", implies his ability as a military commander to employ

neg: Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation have standing where a special tax assessment was levied to pay for an expenditure that promoted religion." In "Randall" the court said that if such a rule was adopted "when expenditures are made from general funds, no one would be able to challenge Establishment Clause violations. We believe taxpayer standing was created to specifically permit the airing of establishment claims." The Foundation also cited "Mehdi and Chankan v. United States Postal Service", 988 F. Supp. 721 (S.D.N.Y. 1997), which "involved a claim that the United States Postal Service violated the Establishment Clause by maintaining sectarian displays with federal tax appropriations.

neg: United States Secretary of the Army United States Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Army (SA, SECARM or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the Department of Defense of the United States with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications, and financial management. The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Secretary is a non-Cabinet level official serving under the Secretary of Defense. This position was created on 18 September 1947, replacing the Secretary of War, when

neg: Distinguished Service Medal (United States Navy) Distinguished Service Medal (United States Navy) The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919. The medal is presented to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility. The award is the Navy and Marine Corps equivalent to the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. The Navy Distinguished Service Medal was originally senior to the Navy Cross, until August 1942 when

neg: Nauvoo Legion within the entire United States Army as of 1845. The Legion was organized into two regiments (called cohorts) of infantry and one regiment of cavalry. A few light cannons were also attached. The Legion tended to be very top-heavy, in that there was a disproportionate number of high-ranking officers to regular soldiers. Supposedly, this was to elevate the social status and official standing of some members of the city. Although the charter authorizing the Nauvoo Legion created an independent militia, it could be used at the disposal of the state governor or the President of the United States as well

neg: South West Pacific Area (command) Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area, on its creation on 18 April 1942. He created five subordinate commands: Allied Land Forces, Allied Air Forces, Allied Naval Forces, United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), and the United States Army Forces in the Philippines. The last command disappeared when Corregidor surrendered on 6 May 1942, while USAFIA became the United States Army Services of Supply, Southwest Pacific Area (USASOS SWPA). In 1943 United States Army Forces in the Far East was reformed and assumed responsibility for administration, leaving USASOS as a purely logistical agency. Both were swept away in a reorganisation in

neg: Chaplain Corps (United States Army) Chaplains of the United States Army is the head of the Army Chaplaincy. The position was created to better organize the corps. The current Chief of Chaplains is Chaplain (Major General) Paul K. Hurley who was sworn in on May 22, 2015. The U.S. Army Chaplain Museum is located at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. It was established on 14 August 1957, at the then–United States Army Chaplain School at Fort Slocum, New York. It was dedicated on 10 February 1958, by Chaplain (MG) Patrick J. Ryan, Chief of Chaplains. When the troop-transport ship was torpedoed during World War II, four

neg: United States Army Center for Initial Military Training United States Army Center for Initial Military Training Basic Training in the United States Army is the initial training for new military personnel typified by intense physical activity, psychological stress and the development of social cohesion. The United States Army Center for Initial Military Training (USACIMT) was created by in 2009 under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command to oversee training related issues. The United States Army Center for Initial Military Training (USACIMT) was created by an act of Congress on September 24, 2009 under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command located at Fort Eustis in Newport News,

neg: Religious symbolism in the United States military officers were drawn from the civilian population, including many retired coast guard and navy officers. Today, when active-duty Navy chaplains serve with the USMM, such as the two stationed at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, they wear standard navy uniforms and insignia On July 28, 1942, Chaplain Charles Carpenter was appointed to the newly created position of air chaplain for the Army Air Force, within the larger United States Army organization. Later, when the United States Air Force was established as a separate service on September 18, 1947, the original plan was that chaplain support would continue to be

neg: Militia (United States) the local militia versus the performance of the Continental Army. The Continental Army was seen as the protector of the States, though it also was viewed as a dominating force over the local communities. Joseph Reed, president of Pennsylvania viewed this jealousy between the militia forces and the standing army as similar to the prior frictions between the militia and the British Regular Army a generation before during the French and Indian War. Tensions came to a head at the end of the war when the Continental Army officers demanded pensions and set up the Society of the Cincinnati to

neg: United States Army Center for Initial Military Training recruit or draftee from a civilian to a military mindset. United States Army Center for Initial Military Training Basic Training in the United States Army is the initial training for new military personnel typified by intense physical activity, psychological stress and the development of social cohesion. The United States Army Center for Initial Military Training (USACIMT) was created by in 2009 under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command to oversee training related issues. The United States Army Center for Initial Military Training (USACIMT) was created by an act of Congress on September 24, 2009 under the U.S. Army Training

neg: Stephen Snyder-Hill "reprehensible", and in a speech at the Human Rights Campaign, President Barack Obama, who would face one of the Republican candidates in the upcoming election, sharply criticized them for remaining silent, saying "You want to be commander-in-chief? You can start by standing up for the men and women who wear the uniform of the United States, even when it's not politically convenient." A few months later, first Biden and then Obama endorsed marriage equality. The booing incident at the debate was dramatized in the HBO television series "The Newsroom". While a captain in the United States Army Reserve, Stephen Hill

neg: Camp William Penn flag while exhorting a freedman dressed as a soldier to do his duty." He also designed the flag of the 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. The regiment's flag shows an image depicting an African American soldier, representing the 45th United States Colored Troops, standing next to bust statue of George Washington. Camp William Penn Camp William Penn was a Union Army training camp located in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania from 1863 to 1865, notable for being the first training ground dedicated to African American troops who enlisted in the United States Army during the American Civil War. Some 11,000 free

neg: 1st Bombardment Wing January 1944. Returned to the United States in August 1945. Inactivated On 7 November 1945. 1st Bombardment Wing The 1st Bombardment Wing is a disbanded United States Army Air Force unit. It was initially formed in France in 1918 during World War I as a command and control organization for the Pursuit Groups of the First Army Air Service. Demobilized after the Armistice in France, it was re-established in the United States as the first wing formed in the reorganized United States Army Air Service, created in August 1919 to control three groups patrolling the border with Mexico after revolution

neg: Culture of the United States national unity and identity was forged out of the victorious First Barbary War, Second Barbary War, and the War of 1812. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the onset of the Cold War, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949),

neg: Seal and emblem of the United States Department of the Army Seal and emblem of the United States Department of the Army The Department of the Army Seal and the Department of the Army Emblem are, respectively, the official seal and emblem of the United States Department of the Army (formerly, of the War Department). The "War Office Seal" was created in 1778 and the Emblem was developed out of the seal and approved in 1947. The Army Seal was used originally during the American Revolution to authenticate documents. It displayed the designation "War Office", which was synonymous with Headquarters of the Army, and the Roman date MDCCLXXVIII (1778) the first

neg: Gisela Kahn Gresser Gisela Kahn Gresser Gisela Kahn Gresser (February 8, 1906 Detroit, Michigan – December 4, 2000) was an American chess player. She dominated women’s chess for more than three decades. She won nine national titles from 1944 and 1969. She was the first American woman to gain the standing of master. She was (with Mona May Karff) one of the first two female chess players in the United States, and one of the first seventeen players in the world, to be awarded the title of Woman International Master in 1950 when FIDE created official titles. She was also the first American

neg: Northwest African Air Forces Northwest African Air Forces Northwest African Air Forces (NAAF) was a component of the Allied Mediterranean Air Command (MAC) during February–December 1943. It was responsible primarily for air operations during the Tunisian Campaign and bombing of Italy. Its commander was Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz of the United States Army Air Force. NAAF was created following a reorganization of the command structure of Allied air forces in the Mediterranean Theatre. The other components of MAC were Middle East Command (MEC), AHQ Malta, RAF Gibraltar and 216 Group. When the first units of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) arrived in

neg: 9th Airborne Division (United States) 9th Airborne Division (United States) The 9th Airborne Division of the United States Army was a military deception created in 1944 as part of Fortitude South II The division was initially depicted as being under the direct command of Fourteenth United States Army with its headquarters located in Leicester, Leicestershire in June 1944. In the Pas de Calais landings it and the notional '21st Airborne Division' were to be dropped behind the US XXXVII Corps beachheads. In August 1944 it was notionally transferred to the direct command of First United States Army Group. In the aftermath of Fortitude South, the

neg: Seventh United States Army Seventh United States Army The Seventh Army was a United States army created during World War II that evolved into the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) during the 1950s and 1960s. It served in North Africa and Italy in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations and France and Germany in the European theater between 1942 and 1945. Originally the I Armored Corps under command of Lieutenant General George S. Patton, it made landfall at Morocco during Operation Torch as the Western Task Force, the first all-U.S. force to enter the European war. Following successful defeat of the Wehrmacht under General Erwin

neg: General of the Army (United States) leadership requirements of World War II escalated after the June 1944 Normandy Landings, the United States government created a new version of General of the Army. The five-star rank and authority of General of the Army and equivalent naval fleet admiral was created by an Act of Congress on a temporary basis when was passed on 14 December 1944, as a temporary rank, subject to reversion to permanent rank six months after the end of the war. The temporary rank was then declared permanent 23 March 1946 by , which also awarded full pay and allowances in the grade to

neg: Sam's Army Sam's Army Sam's Army, now defunct, was an unofficial supporters' group for the United States men's national soccer team. The name of the group derives from Uncle Sam, a national personification of the United States, and the Scottish supporters' group the Tartan Army. Sam's Army debuted at a 1995 U.S. Cup game following the 1994 FIFA World Cup. In 2010 there were more than 14,000 members of Sam's Army, and the organization reported having members around the world. Sam's Army was known for wearing all red and usually standing behind a goal during United States national team matches. George Vecsey

neg: Service number (United States Army) Service number (United States Army) Service numbers were used by the United States Army from 1918 until 1969. Prior to this time, the Army relied on muster rolls as a means of indexing enlisted service members while officers were usually listed on yearly rolls maintained by the United States War Department. In the nineteenth century, the Army also used pay records as a primary means of identifying service members after discharge. Service numbers (SNs) were first created in 1918 as a result of the United States Army becoming involved in World War I and the need for a record tracking

neg: First Army Air Service First Army Air Service The First Army Air Service was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service, First United States Army. The First Army Air Service was the largest and most diverse Air Service combat organization of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, and most American Air Service combat units were assigned to it when assigned to the front. The organization was demobilized in France on 15 April 1919 with the demobilization of the United States First Army. There is no modern United States

neg: Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps The Aviation Section, Signal Corps, was the aerial warfare service of the United States from 1914 to 1918, and a direct statutory ancestor of the United States Air Force. It absorbed and replaced the Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps, and conducted the activities of Army aviation until World War I, when its statutory responsibilities were suspended for the duration of the war. The Aviation Section organized the first squadrons of the aviation arm and conducted the first military operations by United States aviation on foreign soil. The Aviation Section, Signal Corps was created by the 63rd

neg: United States Army deception formations of World War II United States Army deception formations of World War II The United States Army created a large number of notional deception formations that were used in a number of World War II deception operations. The most notable fictional US formation was the First U.S. Army Group (FUSAG); this field army was originally intended as the main invasion force for the Invasion of Normandy, however that was renamed to the 12th Army Group. FUSAG remained in existence on paper and was used during Operation Fortitude South to divert Axis attention to the Pas de Calais area. The imaginary formations ranged in size

neg: Edward Higgins White Sr. a budget and financial officer, first at the Air Materiel Command at Wright Field, Ohio, and then in the Office of the Chief of United States Army Air Forces in Washington, D.C. He transferred to the United States Air Force when it was created in 1947. After service in the Korean War he became chief of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service in New York City. He then served as commander of the 3750th Technical Training Wing at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, until he retired in 1957 with the rank of major general. Edward Higgins White was born

neg: South West Pacific Area (command) that there would be no change to Blamey's status, and that the government would be consulted about any other proposed changes. When Vice Admiral Herbert F. Leary was replaced a few months later, Curtin was consulted, and concurred with the change. MacArthur became the Supreme Commander Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) on 18 April 1942, although he preferred to use the more conventional title of Commander in Chief. MacArthur's first General Order created five subordinate commands: Allied Land Forces, Allied Air Forces, Allied Naval Forces, United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), and the United States Army Forces in the Philippines.

neg: United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency revamp their schedules and drastically censor or even cancel many popular long-standing comic series. United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency The United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency was established by the United States Senate in 1953 to investigate the problem of juvenile delinquency. The subcommittee was a unit of the United States Senate Judiciary Committee and was created by a motion of Senator Robert Hendrickson, a Republican from New Jersey. Its initial budget was $44,000. The first members of the subcommittee consisted of Senator Hendrickson, and Senators Estes Kefauver (Democrat from Tennessee), Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. (Democrat from

neg: Frederick M. Reed soldier for Merrill's Marauders, leading supply trains of pack mules for troops that created roadblocks and other obstacles on the Burma Road to slow the retreating Imperial Japanese Army. After his overseas service, Reed returned to the United States and attended officer candidate school. The end of the war occurred before he could return to combat, and he was discharged in October 1945. After the war, Reed enrolled at the University of Vermont, and the advanced standing he received for credits earned while in the Army enabled him to graduate in three years. He then became a student at Albany

neg: United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center Intelligence Agency. (Sec. I, Department of the Army General Order 12, 19 March 1962) The predecessor agencies had grown out of the intelligence staffs created in the offices of the Chiefs of the Army Technical Services shortly before World War II. FSTC was created to consolidate Army technical intelligence activities when McNamara reorganizations in the early 1960s restructured Army procurement and supply activities and eliminated several of the Army Technical Services. (Department of the Army General Order 47, DA, 26 July 1962) FSTC was made subordinate to the US Army Materiel Command which was created as the main procurement agency

neg: VII Corps Observation Group VII Corps Observation Group The VII Corps Observation Group was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the First Army Air Service. It was later transferred to the Third Army Air Service as part of the United States Occupation of the Rhineland after the 1918 Armistice with Germany. The group was demobilized in Germany on 12 May 1919 and its members returned to the United States. There is no modern United States Air Force unit that shares its lineage and history. Created on 1 August 1918 (?)

neg: Eastern Division (United States Army) Eastern Division (United States Army) Eastern Division of the United States Army was one of its superior administrative organizations that existed during the mid-19th century and for a short time in the early 20th century. Eastern Division of the U. S. Army was first created 1837, as the Army reorganized its administration. It had a subordinate 7th Military Department until 1841, and it was eliminated in 1842. The Eastern Division was restored in 1844 with subordinate 5th Military Department until 1848 and the 8th Military Department until 1846. From 1848 to 1853 the Eastern Division had 4 subordinate departments. In

neg: General officers in the United States however. When George Washington died, he was listed as a lieutenant general on the rolls of the United States Army. After the Revolutionary War, the tiny United States Army at first had no active duty General Officers. When General Officers were appointed again, the highest rank in the Army was Major General, with the senior Major General on the Army rolls known as the Commanding General of the United States Army. The position was abolished at the start of the 20th century and replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the United States Army. The rank of lieutenant general

neg: Virginia Army National Guard United States military awards. The Virginia Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the commonwealth of Virginia. The Virginia Army National Guard is the oldest and the official start of the Army National Guard. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. When the first English colonists arrived in America they brought with them an existing militia system developed over centuries. Britain, being an island nation, never had a need to have large standing armies like the countries of mainland Europe. The only threats

neg: Army Staff Identification Badge badge. General Douglas MacArthur first proposed an Army General Staff Badge in 1931, but it was not until 1933 that the United States War Department authorized it. The badge has remained unchanged in appearance since it was first created, but the name was changed in 1982 from the "Army General Staff Identification Badge" to the "Army Staff Identification Badge", and the eligibility criteria have evolved. On a United States Army uniform, the Army Staff Identification Badge is worn centered on the right breast pocket; however, per ALARACT 203/2010 wear of the Army Staff Identification Badge is authorized on the left

neg: Cuban Pacification Medal (Army) Cuban Pacification Medal (Army) The Cuban Pacification Medal (Army) is a military award of the United States Army which was created by orders of the United States War Department on May 11, 1909. The medal was created to recognize service during the United States occupation of Cuba from 1906 to 1909. To be awarded the Cuban Pacification Medal (Army), a service member was required to serve in the United States occupation force, garrisoned on the island of Cuba between the dates of October 6, 1906 and April 1, 1909. The medal was also issued to naval personnel who served ashore

neg: 1st Bombardment Wing 1st Bombardment Wing The 1st Bombardment Wing is a disbanded United States Army Air Force unit. It was initially formed in France in 1918 during World War I as a command and control organization for the Pursuit Groups of the First Army Air Service. Demobilized after the Armistice in France, it was re-established in the United States as the first wing formed in the reorganized United States Army Air Service, created in August 1919 to control three groups patrolling the border with Mexico after revolution broke out there. As the 1st Wing, the unit was one of the original wings

neg: Regular Army (United States) used to describe a person's peacetime rank in contrast to the commissions offered to fight in the First World War. The Regular Army, as an actual U.S. Army component, was reorganized by the National Defense Act of 1920 (amending the National Defense Act of 1916), when the large draft force of the National Army was demobilized and disbanded. The remaining Army force was formed into the peacetime Regular Army (which included inactive units in the Regular Army Inactive [RAI]), augmented by the Organized Reserve (created by combining the Officer Reserve Corps (ORC) and the Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC) authorized by

neg: Basic Strategic Arts Program Basic Strategic Arts Program The Basic Strategic Art Program (BSAP) is a specialized academic program taught at the U.S. Army War College. In the late 1990s when the Army created Functional Area 59, the United States Army War College (USAWC) was chosen as the institution to host the program. The first BSAP class was in 2003. FA 59 Officers were used in combat for the first time beginning in 2001 with the onset of the Global War on Terror. Graduates of this program have served in key positions in Iraq, Afghanistan, at all combatant commands, Army Service Component Commands, and

neg: Military history of the United States November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia. Patriots had a strong distrust of a permanent "standing army", so the Continental Army was quickly demobilized, with land grants to veterans. General Washington, who throughout the war deferred to elected officials, averted a potential coup d'état and resigned as commander-in-chief after the war, establishing a tradition of civil control of the U.S. military. Following the American Revolutionary War, the United States faced potential military conflict on the high seas as well as on the

neg: Jim Pagliaroni Although he didn't get much opportunity to play during his first season, he received valuable instruction from former catcher, Mickey Owen. Pagliaroni then joined the United States Army from 1956 to 1958, when he was discharged in time to report to spring training with the Red Sox. Pagliaroni spent the next three seasons playing in the minor leagues before rejoining the Red Sox in August 1960. He was standing in the on deck circle during a game at Fenway Park on September 28, 1960, when Ted Williams hit a home run in his final at bat in the major leagues.

neg: James M. Haworth James M. Haworth James Mahlon Haworth (November 19, 1831 – March 12, 1885) was a United States Army major, an Indian agent, and the first Superintendent of Indian Schools in the United States. Haworth, a Quaker, was born in Wilmington, Ohio, and studied at Earlham School in Richmond, Indiana and Haverford College. He died in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Haworth took over as Indian agent at Fort Gibson in 1873 after Lawrie Tatum resigned. He was a U.S. Indian Inspector from 1879, and was made the first Indian School Superintendent when the 47th U.S. Congress created the position in 1883 (Session

neg: Army of Occupation of Germany Medal Less than three weeks after the medal was first authorized, the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor which led to another full-scale war with Germany, now allied with Japan. Army of Occupation of Germany Medal The Army of Occupation of Germany Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was created by the (55 Stat. 781) act of the United States Congress on November 21, 1941. The medal recognizes those members of the United States military who served in the European occupation force following the close of World War I. The medal is retroactive by design

neg: 38th Infantry Regiment (United States) 38th Infantry Regiment (United States) The 38th Infantry Regiment ("Rock of the Marne") is a United States Army infantry regiment. The first 38th United States Colored Infantry Regiment served from January 23, 1864 to January 25, 1867. The second 38th Infantry was first established on 28 July 1866, as part of the Regular Army, one of six segregated, all-black regiments created following the Civil War. It was organized on 1 October of that year at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, and was stationed in New Mexico Territory and along the transcontinental railroads then under construction. On 15 March 1869, the 38th was

neg: United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics The United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics is a former standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee was established to have jurisdiction over subjects related to the ventilation and acoustics of the Hall of the House of Representatives. The ventilation and acoustics of the House Chamber had been known to be unsatisfactory from 1857 when the chamber was first occupied. Before the establishment of the standing committee, numerous select committees were named to study the problem and suggest solutions. In 1911 the committee was abolished and

neg: United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics the subjects in its jurisdiction were included in the jurisdiction of the Committee on Accounts. United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics The United States House Committee on Ventilation and Acoustics is a former standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee was established to have jurisdiction over subjects related to the ventilation and acoustics of the Hall of the House of Representatives. The ventilation and acoustics of the House Chamber had been known to be unsatisfactory from 1857 when the chamber was first occupied. Before the establishment of the standing committee, numerous select committees were

neg: History of the United States Air Force History of the United States Air Force The United States Air Force became a separate military service on 18 September 1947 with the implementation of the National Security Act of 1947. The Act created the National Military Establishment, later renamed the United States Department of Defense, which was composed of four of the five branches, the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and a newly created Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was divided between the Army for land-based operations and the Navy and Marine Corps for sea-based operations from aircraft carrier and amphibious aircraft. The Army created

neg: United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center The United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center (FSTC) was an intelligence production agency located, for much of its existence, in Charlottesville, Virginia. It began in the 1960s being housed in the Munitions Building (no longer a standing building) on Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC. FSTC produced scientific and technical intelligence concerning ground forces weapons, equipment, and technology of foreign armies. Most of the effort was on enemies and potential enemies of the United States. FSTC provided scientific and technical intelligence in support of military commanders, materiel developers, and of Department

neg: History of the United States Air Force directly under the United States Secretary of War. An assistant secretary was created to direct the Army Air Service, which had dual responsibilities for development and procurement of aircraft, and raising and training of air units. With the end of the First World War, the AEF's Air Service was dissolved and the Army Air Service in the United States largely demobilized. In 1920, the Air Service became a branch of the Army and in 1926 was renamed the Army Air Corps. During this period, the Air Corps began experimenting with new techniques, including air-to-air refueling and the development of the

neg: Pacific Division (United States Army) Francisco. It was created when the Army abandoned the system of divisions and numbered departments, establishing departments having a descriptive name, and reporting directly to Army Headquarters. The Departments where again organized under new Divisions in 1904, with the Pacific Division having subordiate to it the Department of California and its subordinate District of Hawaii and the Department of the Columbia. The Division echelon was eliminated in 1907, as was the Pacific Division. Pacific Division (United States Army) Pacific Division of the U. S. Army was one of its superior administrative organizations that existed during the early 19th century and

neg: Women's Army Corps Women's Army Corps The Women's Army Corps (WAC) was the women's branch of the United States Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) on 15 May 1942 by Public Law 554, and converted to an active duty status in the Army of the United States as the WAC on 1 July 1943. Its first director was Oveta Culp Hobby, a prominent woman in Texas society. The WAC was disbanded in 1978, and all units were integrated with male units. The WAAC's organization was designed by numerous Army bureaus coordinated by Lt. Col. Gillman

neg: History of the United States Army that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The first of these, the Legion of the United States, was established between June and Nov. 1792 at Fort Lafayette, Pennsylvania, under Major Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne. The newly formed Legion moved in Dec. 1792 to an encampment downriver on the Ohio near Fort McIntosh named Legionville for training. In Sept. 1793, the Legion moved by barge down the Ohio to a camp named Hobson's Choice two miles from Fort Washington (Cincinnati) on the western frontier. There it was joined by units from the Kentucky Militia. Their assignment was to

neg: Combat Recognition Ribbon can be retroactively awarded to soldiers who engaged in combat after September 18, 2001. With the creation of the Combat Action Badge, the proposal for the Combat Recognition Ribbon was dropped by the United States Army and the ribbon is now considered obsolete. The award itself was never actually officially created and a physical ribbon design was never proposed by the Institute of Heraldry. Combat Recognition Ribbon The Combat Recognition Ribbon was a tentative military award of the United States Army which was first proposed in the mid 1980s as an Army equivalent to the United States Navy’s Combat Action

neg: United States Guards United States. United States Guards The United States Guards were a formation of the National Army created to guard strategic installations and areas in order to free infantry regiments for war service in the First World War. During the Civil War Colonel H.P. Montgomery offered to recruit a regiment in New York with the title of "United States Guards" but his offer was not accepted. The Guards were created on 22 December 1917 and were controlled by the Chief of the Militia Bureau. They eventually comprised 48 battalions of men who were either too old or physically unfit for active

neg: First United States Army First United States Army The First Army is the oldest and longest established field army of the United States Army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command. First Army was established on 10 August 1918 as a field army when sufficient American military manpower had arrived in France during World War I. As an element of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in the latter stages of World War I it was the

neg: National Airborne Day National Airborne Day National Airborne Day is a day designated by the United States Congress to honor the nation's airborne forces of the Armed Forces. It was created in 2001 by George W. Bush. August 16, 1940 marked the first official Army parachute jump, validating the innovative concept of inserting United States ground combat forces behind a battle line by parachute. On August 14, 2002 President George W. Bush issued the following proclamation: The history of airborne forces began after World War I, when Brigadier General William Mitchell first conceived the idea of parachuting troops into combat. Eventually, under the

neg: Stuttgart Army Air Field (Arkansas) Stuttgart Army Air Field (Arkansas) Stuttgart Army Airfield is a former World War II military airfield, located 7 miles north of Stuttgart, Arkansas. It operated as an advanced pilot training school for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 until 1945. Stuttgart Municipal Airport dates to 1942 when it was built by the United States Army Air Forces as a training airfield as part of the 70,000 Pilot Training Program. It was one of many air fields created in the country’s interior during the war. The airfield consisted of four main 5'000 ft concrete and asphalt runways, aligned 01/19;

neg: Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States In the United States armed forces, the Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States are the senior service chaplains who lead and represent the Chaplain Corps of the United States Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Navy created the first Office of the Chief of Chaplains in 1917; the Army followed in 1920, and the Air Force established its own in 1948 after it became a separate branch. The three Chiefs of Chaplains and the three active-duty Deputy Chiefs of Chaplains from the Army, Navy, and Air Force comprise the Armed Forces Chaplains

neg: Arthur Crean Regular Army #1. Arthur Crean Arthur B. Crean was a master sergeant in the United States Army during World War I. He was the first United States armed forces member to be issued a service number and thus holds service #1 in the United States Army. When the discontinuation of U.S. Army service numbers were discontinued in 1969, a report in the "Des Moines Tribune" noted that Master Sgt. Crean had been issued the number "ASN 1" on February 28, 1918. Crean enlisted the United States Army in 1899 and by the outbreak of the First World War was part

neg: George P. Scriven consider making significant military appropriations for aviation research. The first major advance in military aeronautics in the United States came on August 1, 1907, when the Chief Signal Officer of the Army announced the creation of an Aeronautical Division within the Army's Signal Corps, which had been created in 1891. Particularly well suited to promote the study of aeronautics, the Division was charged with responsibility for all issues related to "military ballooning, air machines, and all kindred subjects." The Division was the first heavier-than-air military aviation organization in the world and the precursor to the United States Air Force. Led