query: who founded the boy scout movement in 1908

pos: Scouting Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), primarily for girls-only organizations but also accepting co-educational organizations. The year 2007 marked the centenary of Scouting worldwide, and member organizations planned events to celebrate the occasion. Scouting virtually started itself, but the trigger that set it going was the 1908 publication of "Scouting for Boys" written by Robert Baden-Powell. At Charterhouse, one of England's most famous public schools, Baden-Powell had an interest in the outdoors. Later, as a military officer, Baden-Powell was stationed in British India in the 1880s where he took an interest in military scouting and in 1884 he published "Reconnaissance

pos: Scout (Scouting) programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, outdoor high adventure, Scouting bands, and rider Scouts. Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts as an organization in 1908, a few months after the first scout encampment at Brownsea Island Scout camp in 1907. Baden-Powell got the idea from his experiences with the British Army in South Africa. To advance his ideas, Baden-Powell wrote "Scouting for Boys" for boy readership, which describes the Scout method of outdoor activities aiming at developing character, citizenship, and personal fitness qualities among youth. Many boys joined Scouting activities, resulting in the movement growing rapidly to become the

pos: Narragansett Council at Camp Greenough on Cape Cod. The Narragansett Council, Boy Scouts of America is part of a worldwide Scouting movement with over 15 million members in one hundred countries. Boy Scouting began in England in 1907 when the British military hero, Lord Robert Baden-Powell, organized the first Boy Scout camp. In 1908, he published Scouting for Boys and formed what would become the British Boy Scout Association. As a result of a "good turn" performed by an English Scout in London for Chicago publisher William D. Boyce, Scouting came to America. The Boy Scouts of America was incorporated in 1910

pos: Scouting and Guiding in New Zealand Scouting and Guiding in New Zealand The Scout and Guide movement in New Zealand is served by Scouting in New Zealand began in 1908 and spread rapidly throughout the country. The first group of Boy Scouts was formed in Kaiapoi, Canterbury. Another group of Boy Scouts, in Parnell, also claims this honour but the Parnell Scouts' documentation has been lost. Major (later Lieutenant-Colonel) David Cossgrove centrally organised Boy Scouts in 1908 and formed the Dominion Boy Scouts. The Dominion Boy Scouts and Robert Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts Association affiliated in 1913 in an uneasy relationship. Cossgrove's Dominion Boy Scouts introduced a

pos: Baden-Powell Scouts' Association Dring, a scouter and President of the B-PSA, and scouts from Laubach. The WFIS is an international body that recognises independent scouts associations in countries around the world that teach traditional Baden-Powell scouting values. Their aim is to improve the standard of future citizens with the object of using their efficiency for service for their fellows. "For the origins and history of the scout movement generally see: Scouting" Following the origin of the Boy Scout Movement and, in 1908, the publication of Robert Baden-Powell's book, "Scouting for Boys", the Boy Scouts Association was formed in 1910 and, until 1967, it

pos: Ernest Stafford Carlos Party in some of their election material. Soon after the launch of Robert Baden-Powell's Boy Scout scheme in 1908, Carlos founded the 107th London Scout Troop, now the 21st Camberwell (Trinity) Scout Group. He painted a number of pictures of Scouts between 1910 and 1915, which helped to bring the ethos of Scouting to a wider public. Titles included "A Ripping Yarn" (1910), "If I Were a Boy Again" (1911) and "Good Service Work in a London Slum" (1913). Perhaps the best known is "The Pathfinder" (1913) which shows a young Scout with the hand of Jesus Christ on his

pos: American Boy Scouts represented by Charles Evans Hughes, former Governor of New York and former U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Testimony included an affidavit from Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the international Scout Movement, on the origins of the Scout Movement. In 1919, the New York Supreme Court, a trial court, granted the BSA an injunction and the USBS was barred from using the terms "Boy Scout", "Scout", "Scouting", or any variation thereof. The organization changed its name and carried on for a few more years as the American Cadets and the U.S. Junior Military Forces before finally dissolving. American Boy Scouts The American Boy

pos: Scouts (The Scout Association) troops to be formed. Sea Scouts and Air Scouts are examples of specialist programme troops. The Boy Scout section was the first element of Scouting devised by Robert Baden-Powell, which he tested at an experimental camp on Brownsea Island in Dorset in 1907 and which was launched with the publication of "Scouting for Boys" in 1908. Initially, boys formed themselves into Boy Scout Patrols and then sought adult leadership, resulting in the formation of local Boy Scout Troops, each of several Patrols. Contained in the pages of "Scouting for Boys" was Baden-Powell's Scout training scheme, a series of tests intended

pos: GirlGuiding New Zealand New Zealand as long as they are able to understand, and are willing to make the promise. Pippins do not make the promise. Lieutenant Colonel Cossgrove served in the Second Boer War with Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scout and Guide movement. Following Baden-Powell's ideas Cossgrove established Boy Scout troops in New Zealand in 1908. His daughter Muriel wanted an organisation for girls so, after correspondence with Baden-Powell, Cossgrove started the Girl Peace Scouts and, on Baden-Powell's suggestion, wrote the programme in the book "Peace Scouting for Girls", which was published in 1910. By the time the book was published,

neg: History of Sea Scouting (Scouting Ireland) a Sea Scout programme to all their youth members, in all age ranges. History of Sea Scouting (Scouting Ireland) Sea Scouting () has existed in Scouting Ireland and its predecessor associations since 1912. Sea Scout Groups are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) through their membership of Scouting Ireland. Sea Scouting provides Scout training with and through water-borne activities. After Baden-Powell’s book "Scouting for Boys" appeared in 1908, Scout Groups started spontaneously throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Some Groups, including 1st Dublin Troop, Boy Scouts (founded in February 1908) included boating in their programmes from the

neg: Voortrekkers (youth organisation) In some ways the Voortrekker organisation represents an Afrikaans-language alternative to the largely English-speaking Boy Scout movement, with its British heritage. Dr. C.F. Visser formulated the original concept of a youth movement amongst Afrikaners in 1913 in Bloemfontein. Dr. Visser appealed to the directors of the Boy Scout movement (founded in 1907 and spreading to South Africa from 1908) to allow the incorporation of the Voortrekkers into the "broader church" under one umbrella, but this venture failed. The Scouts were in the main speakers of English, and differences about the role of language lead to difficulties. There were further complications

neg: History of Sea Scouting (Scouting Ireland) History of Sea Scouting (Scouting Ireland) Sea Scouting () has existed in Scouting Ireland and its predecessor associations since 1912. Sea Scout Groups are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) through their membership of Scouting Ireland. Sea Scouting provides Scout training with and through water-borne activities. After Baden-Powell’s book "Scouting for Boys" appeared in 1908, Scout Groups started spontaneously throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Some Groups, including 1st Dublin Troop, Boy Scouts (founded in February 1908) included boating in their programmes from the beginning, and B-P soon recognised that this was an excellent variation of the

neg: Scouts Canada few Scouting groups started up in Canada in 1907". In his 1981 book, "75 Years of Scouting in Canada" Robert Milks, the late Scouts Canada archivist, indicated that the first Scout groups in Canada were founded in 1908. St. Catharines and Merrickville are mentioned as among the locations of the first troops. Boy Scouts and the Scout Movement were well established in Canada before Scouts Canada or its parent organization, The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom were formed. The Boy Scouts Association was formed in the United Kingdom in 1910 and incorporated in 1912. It has been claimed

neg: Svenska Scoutrådet Svenska Scoutrådet Svenska Scoutrådet ("The Swedish Guide and Scout Council", SSR) was until 2012 the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Sweden. The council was dissolved in September 2013, after a restructuring process creating the new single national Scout association, Scouterna ("The Guides and Scouts of Sweden"). Scouting in Sweden was founded in 1908, Guiding followed in 1910. The Swedish Boy Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, the Girl Guides were among the founders of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928. The members of the

neg: Svenska Scoutrådet an "ideological district" within Svenska Scoutförbundet. Svenska Scoutrådet Svenska Scoutrådet ("The Swedish Guide and Scout Council", SSR) was until 2012 the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Sweden. The council was dissolved in September 2013, after a restructuring process creating the new single national Scout association, Scouterna ("The Guides and Scouts of Sweden"). Scouting in Sweden was founded in 1908, Guiding followed in 1910. The Swedish Boy Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, the Girl Guides were among the founders of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

neg: Scouting and Guiding in New Zealand of the United Kingdom formed a branch in New Zealand, which is now The Scout Association of New Zealand. Scouting and Guiding in New Zealand The Scout and Guide movement in New Zealand is served by Scouting in New Zealand began in 1908 and spread rapidly throughout the country. The first group of Boy Scouts was formed in Kaiapoi, Canterbury. Another group of Boy Scouts, in Parnell, also claims this honour but the Parnell Scouts' documentation has been lost. Major (later Lieutenant-Colonel) David Cossgrove centrally organised Boy Scouts in 1908 and formed the Dominion Boy Scouts. The Dominion Boy Scouts

neg: Humshaugh attended by any invested members of Scouting, since there was no movement at the time. The Humshaugh camp saw 30 invested Boy Scouts from around the United Kingdom who were members of recognised Scout Troops who followed the Scout Method and Scout Law as developed by Baden-Powell and published in his "Scouting for Boys". The camp was advertised in the first issue of "The Scout" magazine in April 1908. The magazine asked the question "Who of you would want to spend a fortnight under canvas with a Troop of other boys, and under the care of General Baden-Powell?", which was

neg: Scouting wrote about, boys spontaneously formed Scout patrols and flooded Baden-Powell with requests for assistance. He encouraged them, and the Scouting movement developed momentum. In 1910 Baden-Powell formed The Boy Scouts Association in the United Kingdom. As the movement grew, Sea Scouts, Air Scouts, and other specialized units were added to the program. The Boy Scout Movement swiftly established itself throughout the British Empire soon after the publication of "Scouting for Boys". By 1908, Scouting was established in Gibraltar, Malta, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In 1909 Chile was the first country outside the British dominions to have a

neg: Protestant Irish nationalists (IRB) in 1909. From 1928 the main prize for Irish football awarded by the Gaelic Athletic Association has been the Sam Maguire Cup. In 1908 Bulmer Hobson and Constance Markievicz founded the Fianna Éireann, intended as a nationalist Boy Scout movement. The Irish Volunteers were a paramilitary organisation established in 1913 by Irish Nationalists and separatists including Roger Casement, Bulmer Hobson and Erskine Childers, all Protestant Irish nationalists (although Casement, who had been secretly baptised a Catholic by his mother, officially converted to Catholicism just before he was hanged in 1916). The Irish Volunteers were formed in response to the

neg: Boy Scouts of Liberia Boy Scouts of Liberia The Boy Scouts of Liberia, the national Scouting organization of Liberia, was founded in 1922, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1965. The boys only Boy Scouts of Liberia had 2,418 members as of 2004. In 1975, Emmett Harmon (1913-?), a prominent Liberian, was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. The program emphasis is on the dignity of labor and on guiding boys to self-discovery. Liberia Annual Scout

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Malaysia Scouting and Guiding in Malaysia The Scout and Guide Movement in Malaysia consists of In addition, there is an international troop of Scouts in Kuala Lumpur, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Scouting in Malaya (now Malaysia) was first introduced in Penang in 1908 as an experimental troop in YMCA before spreading throughout the entire peninsula. Some local Scout troops registered with [[The Scout Association|The Boy Scouts Association} of the United Kingdom which established a local branch, The Boy Scouts Association Malaya & Straits Settlement Branch which became

neg: Kuwait Boy Scouts Association to do towards Allah, then my country, then my Amir. And to help people in all circumstances and to obey the Scout Law. Kuwait Boy Scouts Association The Kuwait Boy Scouts Association ("KBSA", ) is the national Scouting organization of Kuwait. Scouting in Kuwait started in 1935, the KBSA was founded in 1952 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955. It has 6,061 members (as of 2008). In 1981, Hassan Al-Ali was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee

neg: Boy Scouts of Liberia Week is celebrated in late May. Boy Scouts of Liberia The Boy Scouts of Liberia, the national Scouting organization of Liberia, was founded in 1922, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1965. The boys only Boy Scouts of Liberia had 2,418 members as of 2004. In 1975, Emmett Harmon (1913-?), a prominent Liberian, was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. The program emphasis is on the dignity of labor and on guiding

neg: Scouting Ireland former traces its roots to 1908, and the latter was founded in 1927 – both trace their legacy to Lord Baden-Powell's Scout Movement. By 1908, the influence of Baden-Powell's Scout Movement had spread from Great Britain to Ireland. The first recorded meeting of Scouts in Ireland took place at the home of Richard P. Fortune, a Royal Naval Volunteer Reservist, at 3 Dame Street, Dublin on 15 February 1908 where four boys were enrolled in the Wolf Patrol of the 1st Dublin Troop. The earliest known Scouting event in Ireland took place in the Phoenix Park in 1908 with members

neg: Bhethai Amatayakul Bhethai Amatayakul Bhethai Amatayakul (, , 10 February 1916 – 25 October 1991) was a Thai educator who was influential in the country's Scouting movement and social welfare work. He founded the Santirat Commercial College (now the Santirat Institute of Business Administration) and the Bangkok Boy Scout Club, served as President of the National Council on Social Welfare of Thailand, and was a member of the Asia-Pacific Scout Committee, representing the National Scout Organization of Thailand. In 1984, Bhethai was awarded the 173rd "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World

neg: Scouts New Zealand Scouts New Zealand Scouts New Zealand, officially "The Scout Association of New Zealand" is the national Scouting association in New Zealand and an affiliate of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) since 1953. The Scout Association of New Zealand uses the name SCOUTS New Zealand. Scouts New Zealand has 15,476 members, with 4,740 volunteers. The movement actively participates in many Asia-Pacific Region and World Scout camps and Jamborees. For the history of Scouting in New Zealand generally, from 1908 see Scouting in New Zealand. In 1923, The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom formed a branch in

neg: Kuwait Boy Scouts Association Kuwait Boy Scouts Association The Kuwait Boy Scouts Association ("KBSA", ) is the national Scouting organization of Kuwait. Scouting in Kuwait started in 1935, the KBSA was founded in 1952 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955. It has 6,061 members (as of 2008). In 1981, Hassan Al-Ali was awarded the "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Kuwait Scouting features out-of-school education in character development, skills and traditions and clean living. Community service projects

neg: Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides which supports units around the world. Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides The Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides () is the national Scouting and Guiding organization of Jordan. Scouting was founded in Jordan in 1954 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955. Guiding started in 1938 and became a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1978. It serves 15,521 Scouts (as of 2011) and 9,480 Guides (as of 2003). The Scout slogan is, "the Scout movement participates in development and works to

neg: Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides The Jordanian Association for Boy Scouts and Girl Guides () is the national Scouting and Guiding organization of Jordan. Scouting was founded in Jordan in 1954 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955. Guiding started in 1938 and became a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1978. It serves 15,521 Scouts (as of 2011) and 9,480 Guides (as of 2003). The Scout slogan is, "the Scout movement participates in development and works to serve society." Scouts and Guides participate

neg: Boy Scouts of Bahrain a section for handicapped Scouts. The Scout Motto is "Kun Musta'idan" or كن مستعداً, translating as "Be Prepared" in Arabic. The noun for a single Scout is Kashaf or كشاف in Arabic. Boy Scouts of Bahrain The Boy Scouts of Bahrain () is the national Scouting organization of Bahrain. It was founded in 1953, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1970. The Boy Scouts of Bahrain has 2,301 members as of 2011. The small Bahraini Scout organization often participates in cooperative events with neighboring Kuwait and Qatar. Scouts are involved in community service

neg: Chums (paper) publication then fell silent on the 'Chum' Scouts. In October 1908, a recurring character, Waggles, made fun of boy scouts. The silence, then the turnabout to being negative may have stemmed from C. Arthur Pearson Limited launching "The Scout" paper which was denoted as 'Founded by" Baden-Powell and the "Official Journal" of Baden-Powell's own Boy Scout organization. In June 1909, "Chums" started including boy scout stories. In the 30 June issue, the editor's column indicated that the Chum scouts patrols were still going "strong" and that a union of the various patrols was being considered. "Chums" announced the launch of

neg: The Bharat Scouts and Guides Scouts Association at their headquarters in London, but his dream of allowance of local boys into the program had been fulfilled. In 1938, a number of members left the Boy Scouts Association in India after a wave of nationalism. They formed – together with the Seva Samiti Scout Association and the newly founded "India National Scout Association" – the Hindustan Scout Association, the first coeducational Scouting and Guiding organisation in India. In the same year, the Boy Scouts Association in India became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. The first Girl Guides company was founded in

neg: Scouting and Guiding in mainland China were also two Shanghai Telephone Company Rover Crews, a Wool Manufacturing Company Cub pack and several Independent Groups. Among the British Scout Groups in Shanghai was also the 5th Shanghai (Jewish) Boy Scout Troop, that was under the leadership of Scoutmaster Noel Jacobs. Jacobs and Scouts from the 5th Boy Scout Troop founded together with members from the Jewish youth movement Betar a Jewish unit in the Shanghai Volunteer Corps. The European refugees were mostly Austrians and many others who had escaped the Holocaust. They were the latest Scouts to find safe haven in Shanghai but became restricted to a

neg: Scout Promise Scout Promise Since the publication of "Scouting for Boys" in 1908, all Scouts and Girl Guides around the world have taken a Scout (or Guide) promise or oath to live up to ideals of the movement, and subscribed to a Scout Law. The wording of the Scout Promise (or Oath) and Scout Law have varied slightly over time and from country to country. Some national organization promises are given below. Although most Scouting and Guiding organizations use the word "promise", a few such as the Boy Scouts of America tend to use "oath" instead. Typically, Scouts and Guides will make

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Belgium Scouting and Guiding in Belgium The Scouting and Guiding movement in Belgium consists of 15 to 20 separate organizations serving about 160,000 members. Nearly all organizations are grouped by languages and confessions. The Crown Scout rank is the highest a Boy Scout can achieve. The first Scout Troop was founded in Brussels in 1909. Englishman Harold Parfitt founded the first Scout Troop for British boys, belonging to the British colony in that city. Belgians (notably Henri, son of Antoine Depage) observing the troop's activities also took an interest in Scouting and soon Belgian Scouting began. Boy Scouts of Belgium (BSB)

neg: British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association The British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association (BBS & BGS Association; also known as The Brotherhood of British Scouts) is an early scouting organisation, having begun as the Battersea Boy Scouts in 1908. The organisation was renamed as the British Boy Scouts and launched as a national organisation on 24 May 1909. In association with other Scout organisations, the BBS formed the National Peace Scouts in 1910. The BBS instigated the first international Scouting organisation, the Order of World Scouts in 1911. The British Boy Scouts was founded in 1908

neg: National Eagle Scout Association Scout and Distinguished Eagle Scout recognition events and Scouting Alumni outreach. National Eagle Scout Association The National Eagle Scout Association (NESA, pronounced "nee sah") is an organization of individuals who have earned the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. NESA's stated objective is "to serve Eagle Scouts and, through them, the entire movement of Scouting." The Knights of Dunamis was an honor society of Eagle Scouts founded in San Francisco on April 19, 1925 by Scout Executive Raymond O. Hanson. The Knights of Dunamis, named after the Greek "power" or "spirit". served as a service organization

neg: World Organization of the Scout Movement first task of the bureau was to co-ordinate the discussions and to prepare a second international conference in Paris in 1922. At the 1922 Paris conference The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement, its committee and BSIB were constituted by the founding member organizations. In 1961 The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement reconstituted the organization introducing the name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement became the WOSM's World Scout Conference, its International Committee became the World Scout Committee and the Boy Scouts International Bureau became the WOSM's World

neg: Pakistan Boy Scouts Association Association Pakistan Boy Scouts Association The Pakistan Boy Scouts Association (PBSA) () is the national Scouting organization of Pakistan and has 526,626 members (as of 2011). Scouting was founded in Pakistan as part of the British Indian branch of The Scout Association. The PBSA was officially founded in 1947, immediately after independence from the British and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in April 1948. On Scouting, Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah said J. S. Wilson, Director of the Boy Scouts International Bureau, visited Karachi in 1952 as guest of J.D. Shuja, the General Secretary

neg: Pakistan Boy Scouts Association Pakistan Boy Scouts Association The Pakistan Boy Scouts Association (PBSA) () is the national Scouting organization of Pakistan and has 526,626 members (as of 2011). Scouting was founded in Pakistan as part of the British Indian branch of The Scout Association. The PBSA was officially founded in 1947, immediately after independence from the British and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in April 1948. On Scouting, Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah said J. S. Wilson, Director of the Boy Scouts International Bureau, visited Karachi in 1952 as guest of J.D. Shuja, the General Secretary of

neg: Boy Scouts of America present. Boy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations and youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to prepare young people to

neg: Boy Scouts of America Boy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations and youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to prepare young people to make

neg: International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone The Boy Scouts of the Panama Canal Zone were founded in 1947, recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955, and had 970 members in 1957. The organization had ties to the Boy Scouts of the United Nations, and existed at least through the 1960s, directly registered to the World Scout Bureau. A delegation from the IBSCZ attended the 14th World Scout Jamboree in Norway in 1975. In 1937 J. S. Wilson met with Gunnar Berg and Ray Wyland of the Boy Scouts of America at Balboa, Panama, on his

neg: National Eagle Scout Association National Eagle Scout Association The National Eagle Scout Association (NESA, pronounced "nee sah") is an organization of individuals who have earned the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. NESA's stated objective is "to serve Eagle Scouts and, through them, the entire movement of Scouting." The Knights of Dunamis was an honor society of Eagle Scouts founded in San Francisco on April 19, 1925 by Scout Executive Raymond O. Hanson. The Knights of Dunamis, named after the Greek "power" or "spirit". served as a service organization for local Scout councils and also hosted occasional social events. To

neg: Swaziland Boy Scouts Association Swaziland Boy Scouts Association The Swaziland Boy Scouts Association is the national Scouting organization of Swaziland. The boys-only organization was founded in 1924, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1968. In 2011, there were 6,850 members. The association is divided into four districts: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini and Shishelweni. The Scout Motto is "Hlala ulungele!" in siSwati. The highest rank is Lion Scout. On my honour, I promise to do my best, To do my duty to God, the King, To help other people at all times And to keep the Scout Law. Ngekwetsembeka

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Bangladesh Scouting and Guiding in Bangladesh The Scout and Guide movement in Bangladesh is served by Bangladesh Scouts, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and Bangladesh Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. In addition, there are American Boy Scouts in Dhaka, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Bangladesh Scouts is the national Scouting organization of Bangladesh.Scouting was founded in Bangladesh as part of the British Indian branch of The Scout Association, and continued as part of the Pakistan

neg: Asociación de Scouts de Nicaragua information. In addition to information, Reverend Harrison received the authorization to start a Boy Scout troop, the "Moravian Uno", which was affiliated to the BSA. In the following years the movement spread through the country; its groups formed a loosely connected network. The first group on the Pacific Coast was founded in 1929 in Granada, Nicaragua by Vital Miranda Whitford with the help of Father Almanza, a Catholic priest. The Roman Catholic Church and especially the Jesuits gave vital support to the arising Scout Movement. In 1942, the Nicaraguan Scout groups formed the "Federación Nacional de Boy Scouts de Nicaragua",

neg: H. Geoffrey Elwes of Scouts Own (known as "Guides Own" by Girl Guides) and introduced at the Crystal Palace Rally in 1909. He was a solicitor, admitted in 1895, and founded a young men's club in 1902 in Colchester before founding a Boy Scout troop there in 1908. He was a member of the Headquarters Committee of Scouting from its establishment in 1909 until his death in 1936. H. Geoffrey Elwes "Uncle" Henry Geoffrey Elwes (1873 – 21 September 1936) was a prominent early member of the Scouting Movement and before that was involved in the Boys Brigade. Founder of the 1st Colchester

neg: Akizuki Satsuo and the ambassador extraordinary to Austria-Hungary, before leaving office in 1914. He worked as a plenipotentiary advisor at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. During his time as ambassador to Belgium, in 1908, he observed a British Boy Scout event. He reported his findings to others, which spread word of the Boy Scout movement to Japan. He was an editorial advisor for (and later president of) the Asahi Shimbun newspaper, worked as the head of the newspaper, and was also deputy leader of the . Together with the politician , he put much effort into the foundation of , "The

neg: Walther von Bonstetten of the "Pfadicorps Patria" in Bern, one of the early Swiss Scout units. From 1918 to 1927, he served as President of the Swiss Boy Scouts. He founded the "Scouts International Home" Association in 1923, later to be known as Kandersteg International Scout Centre. He served as Chief Scout of Switzerland from 1927 to 1934. From 1934 to 1942 he served as President of the Swiss Boy Scouts. He was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1937. He

neg: Scouting in Mississippi it has remained. The Troop has been continuously chartered since 1910 and is as old as the incorporated Boy Scouts of America. In 1912, one year after the Boy Scout movement came from England to the United States, George F. Maynard, Sr. founded the first troop in Tupelo — Troop 1. Scout units were soon founded in other cities such as Picayune, Corinth and Oxford. There are eight Boy Scouts of America local councils in Mississippi. Andrew Jackson Council serves Scouts in the area surrounding the state capital. Chickasaw Council serves Scouts in Tennessee and Arkansas, as well as Mississippi.

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Bangladesh Boy Scouts Association until the country's divided sections split in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Scouting and Guiding in Bangladesh The Scout and Guide movement in Bangladesh is served by Bangladesh Scouts, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and Bangladesh Girl Guides Association, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. In addition, there are American Boy Scouts in Dhaka, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Bangladesh Scouts is the national Scouting organization of Bangladesh.Scouting was founded in Bangladesh as part

neg: Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation The Israel Boy and Girl Scouts Federation (, "Hit'ahdut HaTzofim VeHaTzofot BeYisrael") is Israel's federation of the five Scouting organizations in Israel. Some 90,000 boys and girls belong to organizations in the federation. The first Scout and Guide groups were founded in 1919. The federation was created in 1954 under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education. The Israeli Scouts movement became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1951, after the establishment of the State of Israel and became a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and

neg: Bhethai Amatayakul Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Bhethai Amatayakul Bhethai Amatayakul (, , 10 February 1916 – 25 October 1991) was a Thai educator who was influential in the country's Scouting movement and social welfare work. He founded the Santirat Commercial College (now the Santirat Institute of Business Administration) and the Bangkok Boy Scout Club, served as President of the National Council on Social Welfare of Thailand, and was a member of the Asia-Pacific Scout Committee, representing the National Scout Organization of Thailand. In 1984, Bhethai was awarded the 173rd "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization

neg: Norwegian Guide and Scout Association Norwegian Guide and Scout Association The Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (, NSF) is a Norwegian Scouting and Guiding association founded in its present form in 1978, when the "Norwegian Boy Scout Organization" (founded in 1911 and among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922) and the "Norwegian Girl Guide Organization" (founded in 1921 and an early member of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts) merged. NSF is a member of Speidernes Fellesorganisasjon, the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Norway. NSF is also a member of WOSM and WAGGGS. Scouting was

neg: Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell about twelve public school boys, mostly sons of his friends. Baden-Powell was also influenced by Ernest Thompson Seton, who founded the Woodcraft Indians. Seton gave Baden-Powell a copy of his book "The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians" and they met in 1906. The first book on the Scout Movement, Baden-Powell's "Scouting for Boys" was published in six instalments in 1908, and has sold approximately 150 million copies as the fourth best-selling book of the 20th century. Boys and girls spontaneously formed Scout troops and the Scouting Movement had inadvertently started, first as a national, and soon an international

neg: Bangladesh Scouts Bangladesh Scouts The Bangladesh Scouts () is the national Scouting organization of Bangladesh. Scouting was founded in 1914 in East Bengal now Bangladesh as part of the British Indian branch of The Scout Association, and continued as part of the Pakistan Boy Scouts Association until the country's divided sections split in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Following its independence, in 1972, the Bangladesh Boy Scout Association was officially formed as successor of the Pakistan Boy Scouts Association. Bangladesh became an independent member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1974. The organization changed its name to "Bangladesh

neg: Association des Scouts du Canada Association des Scouts du Canada L'Association des Scouts du Canada (ASC) is a Canadian Scouting organization. ASC is a World Organization of the Scout Movement "affiliated organization" through affiliation with Scouts Canada. Scouts du Canada primarily serves French speaking Scouting in Canada. The first Canadian Scouting unit was founded in 1908. In 1925, Longueuil teacher Georges-Henri Sainte-Marie started his own unit in the Saint-Antoine de Longueuil parish and decided not to affiliate with the Canadian branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom. In 1928 a group of five troops located in Montreal created a separate association, the

neg: British boys' magazines to 1927. Another magazine with a comparatively long life was "Chums", which started in 1892 and survived until 1934. It had stories about animals and sports as well as many about young people. In 1908 "Chums" sought to gain Baden Powell's support, and create its own brand of Scouts supporting the "Chums" paper. Baden-Powell was committed by contract to support the Pearson periodical "The Scout", and gave no support to "Chums", which became derisive about the Boy Scouts. In 1909 however it became the official journal for the British Boy Scouts, a break-away group from Baden Powell's Scout movement. As

neg: Italian Scout Federation Italian Scout Federation The Italian Scout Federation (FIS, "Federazione Italiana dello Scautismo") is the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Italy. Scouting and Guiding in Italy started in 1910, the Boy Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922, the Girl Guides joined the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1948. The federation serves 102,778 Scouts (as of 2011) and 84,303 Guides (as of 2008). The FIS was founded in 1986 after the merger of "Federazione Esploratori Italiani" (Boy Scouts branch, established in 1944 and WOSM affiliated) and "Federazione

neg: Swaziland Boy Scouts Association kwami, Ngiyetsembisa kutsi ngitawenta konkhe lokusemandleni ami, kusebentela Nkulunkulu, neNkhosi yakaNgwane, kusita bantfu ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi, nekugcina umtsetfo weMavulandlela. Swaziland Boy Scouts Association The Swaziland Boy Scouts Association is the national Scouting organization of Swaziland. The boys-only organization was founded in 1924, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1968. In 2011, there were 6,850 members. The association is divided into four districts: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini and Shishelweni. The Scout Motto is "Hlala ulungele!" in siSwati. The highest rank is Lion Scout. On my honour, I promise to do my best, To do my

neg: Slovenian Catholic Girl Guides and Boy Scouts Association Ljubljana. By the Saint George festival in 1989, 12 boys and girls made the Scout Promise, and by 1990, there were 21 Girl Guides and 18 Boy Scouts. The Catholic Scout Movement began to spread all over Slovenia. On March 31, 1990, the Združenje slovenskih katoliških skavtinj in skavtov (ZSKSS) was founded. The first legal Scout Promises were made by 29 Girl Guides and Boy Scouts, in a suburb of Ljubljana on May 20 of that year. Officially the ZSKSS was registered on Sunday, October 22, 1992. In 1996 ZSKSS was accepted as an associate member of WAGGGS. ZSKSS received

neg: Bandalag íslenskra skáta Bandalag íslenskra skáta Bandalag íslenskra skáta (BIS, "Icelandic Boy and Girl Scout Association") is the national Scouting and Guiding organization of Iceland. Scouting was founded in Iceland in 1912 and was among the earlier members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1924. Guiding in Iceland was founded in 1922 and among the founding members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. The organization serves 1,741 Scouts (as of 2011) and 2,002 Guides (as of 2003) in 35 troops. Scouting was introduced in Iceland as early as 1911, when Ingvar Ólafsson, who had entered the

neg: Frank Fellows Gray visiting Scottish relatives in 1907 he visited B-P at the first Scout training camp at Brownsea Island Scout camp and returned in 1908 as a participant. He is believed to have started the first Scout Troop in Glasgow, Scotland in 1908. Frank was the founder of one of the first Boy Scout Troops in the United States based on the Baden-Powell system of Scouting, Montclair, New Jersey, March 9, 1909 later to become Troop 4. Ernest Thompson Seton, Chief Scout, visited Montclair to address the Scouts, December 9, 1910. Frank is believed to have organized the first real Boy Scout

neg: Organisation of Bulgarian Scouts Young Scouts (Организацията на българските младежи разузнавачи - ОБМР) was founded in 1923. In the second half of 1924, ОБМР was recognized and admitted as a member of the World Bureau of Boy Scouts, based in London. In 1929 the Boy Scout movement in Bulgaria had in this short period made rapid progress. There were 180 troops in Sofia and the larger towns in the Provinces, with 4040 registered members. Since 1932 there was a totalitarian drift and the Scout Movement suffered the attacks of power to force a merger into a single state youth organization on several occasions, without

neg: Ipindo (founded in 1959), the establishment of a single Scout Movement organization in Indonesia called Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia was officially complete. In May 1961, the then President of Indonesia, Sukarno, signed a presidential regulation making Gerakan Pramuka the official Scout and Guide organization in Indonesia. Ipindo Ikatan Pandu Indonesia (Ipindo) was the World Organization of the Scout Movement-recognized Indonesian national Scouting federation from 1953 to 1961. When Indonesia became an independent country, there were more than 60 separate Boy Scout and Girl Guide organizations. Most were directly affiliated with some certain political parties or social groups. Attempts were made to unify

neg: Green Scouting Lama has had direct involvement with Green Scouting on at least two occasions, when on September 3, 1999 he was made a Patron of the Global Movement of Green Scouts in New Delhi, India. Scouting organizations in Niger include the Association Nigerienne des Scouts de l'Environnement (ANSEN), founded in 2003, which seems to have UN accreditation. The World Organization of the Scout Movement has clearly stated its firm opposition to use of the words "Scout" and "Boy Scout" by Green Scout organizations, and made their position clear to all international governmental and non-governmental organizations involved with the environment, such as

neg: Scouting in Wales the administrative office in Llantwit Major, in addition the Development Team support Scouting volunteers across Wales. Aberystwyth Student Scout and Guide Organisation, Bangor University Guides and Scouts, Cardiff University Scouts and Guide Society, Glamorgan University Guides and Scouts, and Students of Swansea in Guides and Scouts, all affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation (SSAGO), are situated in Wales. The 1st Colwyn Y.M.C.A. Baden Powell Boy Scouts appears to be the oldest Scout Troop in Wales, founded in late April or early May 1908. In 1911, Edward, Prince of Wales accepted the appointment as Chief Scout of the Principality

neg: Birkenhead also broadcasts to the area. As well as Birkenhead Park, other recreational open spaces in Birkenhead include Mersey Park and Victoria Park. Arrowe Park is a large area of parkland at the western edge of the town. In 1929, the 3rd World Scout Jamboree was held there. The first two Boy Scout groups in the world were founded as the 1st and 2nd Birkenhead groups at the YMCA on the same night in 1908. The 2nd Birkenhead Scout Group is still operating and therefore is the longest running scout group in the world. The first known football club on the

neg: Pakistan Boy Scouts Association Sardar Hussain, Scout Camp Chief for Pakistan, Squadron Leader H.V. Bhatty, Scout Provincial Secretary, Nicholas Rozario, Deputy Camp Chief (East Pakistan), and Mir M. Mohsin, Deputy Camp Chief (West Pakistan), who later succeeded Shuja as General Secretary. Scouting continued in East and West Pakistan as part of the "Pakistan Boy Scouts Association" until the country was split in the 1970s. Niaz M. Khan served on the World Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1963 to 1969. In 1969, Mr. Khan was awarded the "Bronze Wolf" of the World Organization of the Scout Movement by the

neg: Boy Scouts of Bahrain Boy Scouts of Bahrain The Boy Scouts of Bahrain () is the national Scouting organization of Bahrain. It was founded in 1953, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1970. The Boy Scouts of Bahrain has 2,301 members as of 2011. The small Bahraini Scout organization often participates in cooperative events with neighboring Kuwait and Qatar. Scouts are involved in community service such as cleaning polluted areas and spraying insecticides, giving blood and helping to organize blood donor services, assistance at sports events and taking charge of first aid at schools. There is also

neg: International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone way to Bogotá, for a conference about mixed-race Scouts in the Panama Canal Zone, who claimed British and not Panamanian nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but in 1947 they were transferred directly under the International Bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone. International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone The Boy Scouts of the Panama Canal Zone were founded in 1947, recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1955, and had 970 members in 1957. The

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Argentina Scouting and Guiding in Argentina The initial language of this article was . The Scouting and Guiding movement in Argentina consists of at least ten independent organizations as well as some international units. Scouting was officially founded in Argentina in 1912, shortly after the publication of "Scouting For Boys" in Spanish, was granted a National Charter in 1917, and was among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. A Scout patrol of Anglo-Argentine students greeted Baden-Powell on his way to visit Argentina, Uruguay and Chile in 1908. At 1937 a Catholic Scout Union (USCA)

neg: FOS Open Scouting FOS Open Scouting FOS Open Scouting or FOS is a pluralistic, internationally oriented, coeducational, Flemish Scout and Guide organisation in Belgium and is a member of the Guidisme et Scoutisme en Belgique/Gidsen- en Scoutsbeweging in België (GSB, Guides and Scouts Movement of Belgium). FOS is a federation of 58 Scout Groups. The first pluralistic Boy Scouts organisation in Belgium was the "Boy-Scouts de Belgique" (B.S.B.) founded in 1910. 1913 was the "Sea Scouts of Belgium" (S.S.B) and in 1914 "Eclaireurs de Belgique" (E.B.) founded. In 1916 the S.S.B and the E.B. merged with the B.S.B.. In the same year was

neg: Boy Scouts van Suriname on July 29, 1924, when the Surinamese district of the Vereeniging de Nederlandsche Padvinders (NPV) was officially founded in the Thalia theatre in Paramaribo. On this occasion, 107 Boy Scouts, many Cub Scouts and some girls made their Scout Promise. In 1938, the Dutch Scout movement was split after a decision of the Roman Catholic episcopate into the interreligious NPV and the "Katholieke Verkenners" (KV). Scouting in Suriname had to follow this despite all protests, so the "Katholieke Verkenners Suriname" (KVS) were founded out of the Catholic members of the groups. The logo of the KVS was the same as

neg: The Scout Association held in Olympia, London in 1920 together with an international conference for leaders which founded the World Organization of the Scout Movement of which The Boy Scouts Association was a founding member. Baden-Powell continued to guide the Scouts and Girl Guides, going on world tours throughout the rest of his life until ill health caused him to retire to Kenya in 1938 where he died on 8 January 1941. "The Boy Scouts Headquarters Gazette" was first published in July 1909, as the official publication of the association for adult Scouters and administrators, alongside "The Scout", a magazine for youth members

neg: History of the Boy Scouts of America History of the Boy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was inspired by and modeled on the Boy Scout Association, established by Baden-Powell in Britain in 1908. In the early 1900s, several youth organizations were active, and many became part of the BSA (see Scouting in the United States). The BSA was founded in 1910 and grew rapidly and became the largest youth organization in the United States. Early issues involved race, the "younger boy problem," and the "older boy problem." Troops initially followed local community policy on race. For younger boys, the Cubbing program arose and

neg: Scout Spirit S. Baden-Powell, and learned about Scouting from the chief Scout himself. On February 8, 1910, Boyce and a group of leaders founded the Boy Scouts of America. From that day forth, Scouts have celebrated February 8 as the birthday of Scouting in the United States. In the British Scout Training Centre at Gilwell Park, England, Scouts from the United States erected a statue of an American Buffalo in honor of this unknown Scout. The statue is inscribed, "To the Unknown Scout Whose Faithfulness in the Performance of the Daily Good turn Brought the Scout Movement to the United States of

neg: Lesotho Scout Association has been in progress since 2010, with Scouting Ireland supporting two Basotho Rover Scouts to attend the 2015 World Scout Jamboree in Japan. On my honour, I promise that I will do my best to do my duty to God, to the king and my country, to help other people at all times and to obey the Scout laws. Lesotho Scout Association Lesotho has 371 Boy Scouts served by the Lesotho Scout Association. Founded in 1936, it became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1971. As Lesotho is a small, mountainous country with difficult communication

neg: Bangladesh Scouts Association" was officially formed as successor of the East Pakistan Boy Scout Association. Peare Ali Nazir was elected as first National commissioner. On 11 September 1972 The Government of The Peoples Republic of Bangladesh approved the Scout Association by the Ordinance No. 111/1972. On 1 June 1974 "Bangladesh Boy Scout Association" became the 105th independent member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Both predecessors, the British Indian branch of The Scout Association as well as the Pakistan Boy Scouts Association were also members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement during their activity in modern Bangladesh. Later

neg: Paul Siple Paul Siple Paul Allman Siple (December 18, 1908 – November 25, 1968) was an American Antarctic explorer and geographer who took part in six Antarctic expeditions, including the two Byrd expeditions of 1928–1930 and 1933–1935, representing the Boy Scouts of America as an Eagle Scout. In addition to being an Eagle Scout, Siple was also a Sea Scout. His first and third books covered these adventures. With Charles F. Passel he developed the wind chill factor, and Siple coined the term. Siple was born in Montpelier, Ohio on December 18, 1908, to Clyde Lavonius Siple and Fannie Hope Allman. His

neg: Bandalag íslenskra skáta are normally triennial. Recent ones are: The Scout Motto is "Ávallt viðbúinn", "Always Prepared". Bandalag íslenskra skáta Bandalag íslenskra skáta (BIS, "Icelandic Boy and Girl Scout Association") is the national Scouting and Guiding organization of Iceland. Scouting was founded in Iceland in 1912 and was among the earlier members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1924. Guiding in Iceland was founded in 1922 and among the founding members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. The organization serves 1,741 Scouts (as of 2011) and 2,002 Guides (as of 2003) in 35 troops. Scouting was

neg: Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association Embassy of India Auditorium, Riyadh on 11 February 2002. Under the Bharat Scouts and Guides overseas unit, most of Indian Schools in Saudi Arabia have the scout units in Dammam, Jubail, Al Hassah, Riyadh, Khamis Mushait, Jeddah, and Tabuk Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association The Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association (SABSA, ) is the national Scouting organization of Saudi Arabia. Scouting was officially founded in Saudi Arabia in 1961, though Scouting was active many years prior to the founding date, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1963. It has 19,269 members (as of

neg: Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association The Saudi Arabian Boy Scouts Association (SABSA, ) is the national Scouting organization of Saudi Arabia. Scouting was officially founded in Saudi Arabia in 1961, though Scouting was active many years prior to the founding date, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1963. It has 19,269 members (as of 2010). The Association seeks to spread Scouting throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the aim of promoting the Scout ideals of courage, self-reliance and brotherhood. The Association participates in most regional and international Scouting activities. They contribute financial

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Sweden Scouting and Guiding in Sweden Scouting and Guiding in Sweden is represented by one organisation Scouterna as a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement and World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It was formed in 2012 as the successor to Svenska Scoutrådet ("The Swedish Guide and Scout Council", SSR) which consisted of five different associations. Scouting in Sweden was founded in 1910 by Ebbe Liberath and Guiding followed in 1910. The Swedish Boy Scouts were among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The Girl Guides were among the

neg: Scouting Gerry Rafferty recorded "I was a Boy Scout" as part of his "Snakes and Ladders" album. Scouting Scouting or the Scout Movement is a movement that aims to support young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society, with a strong focus on the outdoors and survival skills. During the first half of the twentieth century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups for boys (Cub Scout, Boy Scout, Rover Scout) and, in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls (Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout,

neg: Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia ("Indonesian Scout Movement") is the national Scouting organization of Indonesia. Scouting was founded in the Dutch East Indies in 1912, and Indonesia became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1953. It has 17,103,793 members (as of 2011), making it the world's largest Scout association. Each year August 14 is celebrated as Pramuka Day to honor the organization's first public parade. The name "Pramuka" was derived from the acronym of ""Pra"ja "mu"da "ka"rana", Sanskrit meaning "young people willing

neg: Federación de Scouts-Exploradores de España Federación de Scouts-Exploradores de España The Federación de Scouts-Exploradores de España (ASDE, "Federation of Spanish Scouts/Explorers") is a Spanish Scout association. It is one of the members of the Federación de Escultismo en España and thus of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. It serves 31,458 members (as of 2006). The Exploradores de España, of whom ASDE claims to be heir, was founded in 1912 by Teodoro Iradier y Herrero and Arturo Cuyás under the name "Exploradores de España - Boy-scouts españoles" ("Explorers of Spain - Spanish Boy-Scouts"). It was among the founding members of the Boy Scouts' International

neg: Scout Association of Hong Kong United Kingdom and the organisation of a Boy Scout Movement in the city. Enthusiasts and organisations, including Queen's College and St. Joseph's College, established Boy Scout troops. On 11 September 1913, St. Joseph's College formed a Boy Scout troop. Baden-Powell sent a letter of congratulation to the St. Joseph's College Boy Scouts on 26 November 1913, which was published in the first issue of the "Scout Gazette", the first Scout publication in Hong Kong. The St. Joseph's College troop was the first affiliated with the Boy Scout Association being registered as the 1st Hong Kong Boy Scout Troop on 1

neg: Singapore Scout Association Singapore Scout Association The Singapore Scout Association (; ; "SSA") is one of the oldest youth movements in Singapore. Scouting was first introduced in Singapore in 1908 but was officially founded on 2 July 1910. A young Scoutmaster named Frank Cooper Sands arrived from Nottingham in September 1910 and spent the next 40 years helping to create the Singapore Scout Association. He is often called the "Father of Malayan Scouting". Starting with a small troop of 30 boys, the movement has grown immensely over the last 90 years, surviving two world wars and producing countless leaders in every sphere of

neg: World Organization of the Scout Movement Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile Russian Scout group as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August 1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on 30 April 1929. The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959. The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with

neg: Girl Guides activities undertaken. They are often adorned with badges indicating a Guide's achievements and responsibilities. In some places, uniforms are manufactured and distributed by approved companies and the local Guiding organisation. In other places, members make uniforms themselves. Girl Guides Girl Guides and Girl Scouts are a Scouting movement found worldwide, originally and still largely designed for girls and women only. These organisations evolved from as early as 1908, with girls wanting or demanding to take part in the then grassroots 'Boy Scout' Movement. In different places around the world, the movement developed in diverse ways. In some places, girls joined

neg: Girl Guides Girl Guides Girl Guides and Girl Scouts are a Scouting movement found worldwide, originally and still largely designed for girls and women only. These organisations evolved from as early as 1908, with girls wanting or demanding to take part in the then grassroots 'Boy Scout' Movement. In different places around the world, the movement developed in diverse ways. In some places, girls joined or attempted to join Scouting organisations. In other places, girls' groups were started independently, some of them later opening up to boys or merging with boys' organisations. In other instances, mixed groups were formed, sometimes to later

neg: Organization of Russian Young Pathfinders (Scouts-in-Exile) his death on October 25, 1973 and was involved in Russian Scouting since 1908/1909. National Organization of Russian Scouts was recognized as a Member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, in exile, from 1922 to 1945. The Headquarters was first in Constantinople, later in Brussels and Belgrade. After World War II Russian Scout and Guide troops were founded in Displaced Persons camps in i.e. in Austria and West Germany. In Monchehof Displaced Persons Camp the Russian Scouts provided postal delivery and issued Scout stamps. So from November 14 to November 15, 1945 a Conference of Russian DP-Scout leaders

neg: Scouting and Guiding in India Delhi, linked to the Direct Service branch of the Boy Scouts of America, which supports units around the world. Scouting and Guiding in India The Scout and Guide movement in India is served by The Indian Scout and Guide Fellowship is a voluntary, non-political, social service organisation of adults in India who were once Scouts or Guides in their young days or those who have been leaders in the active movement or those who wish to support the active movement with their resources or spirit of service. The Fellowship was established in 1959 and is affiliated to the International Scout

neg: The Mauritius Scout Association The Mauritius Scout Association The Mauritius Scout Association is a Scouting organisation in Mauritius. The association was founded in 1971 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1971. The coeducational association had 2,782 members (as of 2010). In 1912, 17 year old Samuel Blunt de Burgh Edwards formed the first patrol of Scouts in Mauritius and later became the first leader. He is regarded as the founder of Scouting in Mauritius. A number of Scout troops developed. In 1913, The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom established its Mauritian Local Association which

neg: Lesotho Scout Association Lesotho Scout Association Lesotho has 371 Boy Scouts served by the Lesotho Scout Association. Founded in 1936, it became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1971. As Lesotho is a small, mountainous country with difficult communication links, Scouting's growth is often difficult. Although the association is small, they have attended several World Jamborees. One Scout participated in the 19th World Jamboree in Chile in 1998. In January 2016, Lesotho Scouts Association signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Scouting Ireland. The countries will participate in a partnership called Lumela-Fáilte, based on intercultural sharing. The partnership

neg: Campaign hat Plains", was sometimes abbreviated to B-P, Baden-Powell's own initials. When Baden-Powell re-wrote his Army handbook "Aids to Scouting" into "Scouting For Boys" in 1908, he included sketches of Boy Scouts wearing the campaign hat. He prescribed a campaign hat as part of the Scout uniform, which he stated was ""very like the uniform worn by my men when I commanded the South African Constabulary"". He continued; ""...The broad brimmed khaki hat is a good protection from sun and rain."" "Scouting for Boys" and the Scout Movement itself quickly spread through the British Empire and then to other countries, such as

neg: Eugene L. Roberts man of such stature, that he was often called "Timpanogos" or "Timp". Roberts was on the BYU faculty and coaching staff from 1910-1928. Around 1912 he was one of the main advocates of the Latter-day Saints adopting the Boy Scouts as an activity organization for the Church and published an article in the "Improvement Era" that argued for the Church supporting the Boy Scout movement and convinced higher leaders of the Church to do so, including B. H. Roberts who had previously opposed adopting the Boy Scout movement. As of 1912 when he began the annual Mount Timponogos hikes he

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Australia were formed in the 1940s. Other exile associations were formed in the 1950s. Groups from the Hellenic Scouts and the Maltese Scouts organizations also formed during the 1950s. Scouting started in Australia with some individual troops in Western Australia and Victoria in 1907. Scouting was established in Australia in 1908, the year the first Boy Scout training handbook "Scouting for Boys" was published in England. CHUMS Scout Patrols started forming in Australia in 1908 due to the circulation of CHUMS publication there. R.C. Packer and the Sunday Times in 1908 supported the formation of the League of Boy Scouts. St.

neg: Helen Storrow territorial disputes, and an unsuccessful attempt by the Girl Guides to convince the Girl Scouts to change their name; the British organization considered the term "Scout" too masculine for a girls' movement. Helen responded to the latter argument by suggesting that, instead, the Girl Guides should refer to themselves as Scouts: In spite of the initial tension between the British and American organizations, the Storrows became close personal friends of Lord Baden-Powell, who founded the Scouting movement, and his wife, Lady Baden-Powell. James Storrow's interest in the Boy Scouts mirrored his wife's interest in the girls' movement; he served as