query: who is associated with agrarian unrest of 1907 in the punjab

pos: 1907 Punjab unrest any heed to these documents. This agitation was followed by a protest at Lyallpur. These agitations led to the formation of secret societies like "Anjuman-i- Muhibhan-i- Watan", the founder of which was Ajit Singh, a Jat Sikh who was believed to have the backing of Lajpat Rai. This period saw mass agitations which finally ended in the deportation of both Rai and Ajit Singh In 1907, around the time of Partition of Bengal (1905), the soldiers of Jat paltan revolted and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover the government treasurery. Their revolt was crushed by British colonists and several Jat

pos: 1907 Punjab unrest 1907 Punjab unrest The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, principally around the Colonisation bill that was implemented in the province in 1906. This timeline has often been called the beginning of the freedom movement in Punjab. Important leaders of this movement include Lala Lajpat Rai, Het Thakkar, among others. The Colonisation Bill was passed in 1906. The Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 had already caused a feeling of discontent among the elite urban classes, and the Colonisation Bill provided for transfer of property of a person after his death to

pos: 1907 Punjab unrest soldiers had to suffer long imprisonment sentences. 1907 Punjab unrest The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, principally around the Colonisation bill that was implemented in the province in 1906. This timeline has often been called the beginning of the freedom movement in Punjab. Important leaders of this movement include Lala Lajpat Rai, Het Thakkar, among others. The Colonisation Bill was passed in 1906. The Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 had already caused a feeling of discontent among the elite urban classes, and the Colonisation Bill provided for transfer of property

pos: 1907 Punjab unrest any heed to these documents. This agitation was followed by a protest at Lyallpur. These agitations led to the formation of secret societies like "Anjuman-i- Muhibhan-i- Watan", the founder of which was Ajit Singh, a Jat Sikh who was believed to have the backing of Lajpat Rai. This period saw mass agitations which finally ended in the deportation of both Rai and Ajit Singh In 1907, around the time of Partition of Bengal (1905), the soldiers of Jat paltan revolted and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover the government treasurery. Their revolt was crushed by British colonists and several Jat

pos: Sufi Amba Prasad unsparing criticisms of the Punjab government policies. He was incarcerated twice in 1897. In 1900, Prasad became involved in the agrarian movement that was emerging in Punjab. His associates at the time included Sardar Ajit Singh (uncle of Bhagat Singh), Mahasha Ghaseeta Ram, Kartar Singh and Lala Lajpat Rai. In 1906, Prasad was one of the key founding members of the Bharat Mata Society. A crackdown later forced him to flee India for Nepal in 1907, where he was granted asylum by Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. Prasad later fled India for Persia. Around 1910, Indian nationalists groups, especially pan-Islamic

pos: 1907 Punjab unrest the government if he had no heirs. The Government could sell the property to any public or private developer.This was completely against the social conditions prevailing in the region and hence it was rejected by all the sides. The agitation against these measures of the Government was led by Lala Lajpat Rai, he called for "extreme measures". The first of the protests was organised in the Chenab Colony, which was supposed to be the most affected by this bill. The first protest saw various organisations submitting memoranda to the government to redress their grievances, but the government failed to pay

pos: Punjab movement, many Punjabis played a significant role, including Madan Lal Dhingra, Sukhdev Thapar, Ajit Singh Sandhu, Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Bhai Parmanand, Muhammad Iqbal, Chaudhary Rehmat Ali, and Lala Lajpat Rai. At the time of partition in 1947, the province was split into East and West Punjab. East Punjab (48%) became part of India, while West Punjab (52%) became part of Pakistan. The Punjab bore the brunt of the civil unrest following the end of the British Raj, with casualties estimated to be in the millions. Ethnic ancestries of modern Punjabis include a mixture of Indo-Aryan and

pos: Sardar Ajit Singh Sardar Ajit Singh Sardar Ajit Singh (23 February 1881 – 15 August 1947) was a revolutionary, an Indian dissident, and a nationalist during the time of British rule in India. With compatriots, he organised agitation by Punjabi peasants against anti-farmer laws known as the Punjab Colonisation Act (Amendment) 1906 and administrative orders increasing water rate charges. He was an early protester in the Punjab region of India who challenged British rule, and openly criticized the Indian colonial government. In May 1907, With Lala Lajpat Rai, he was exiled to Mandalay in Burma. Due to great public pressure and apprehension of

neg: Punjab Province (British India) over one million Punjabis in the new areas. A number of towns were created or saw significant development in the colonies, such as Lyallpur, Sargodha and Montgomery. Colonisation led to the canal irrigated area of the Punjab increasing from three to fourteen million acres in the period from 1885 to 1947. The beginning of the twentieth century saw increasing unrest in the Punjab. Conditions in the Chenab colony, together with land reforms such as the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900 and the Colonisation Bill, 1906 contributed to the 1907 Punjab unrest. The unrest was unlike any previous agitation in the

neg: Sufi Amba Prasad Sufi Amba Prasad Amba Prasad, (1858–21 Jan 1917) also known as "Sufi" Amba Prasad, was an Indian nationalist and pan-Islamist leader notable for his involvement in the agrarian unrest in Punjab in 1907 and subsequently in the Revolutionary movement for Indian independence. Prasad was born in 1858 in the north Indian city of Moradabad, then in the United Provinces. Prasad was born without his right hand. He later worked as a journalist in Moradabad when he became involved in the emerging nationalist movement. He was at this time the editor of the "Peshwa". His editorials were noted for sarcastic and

neg: John Dillon to accommodate the landlord class, he never shedded his mistrust of dialogue with Unionists. His theory was that agrarian unrest better favoured achieving Home Rule by putting relentless pressure on landlords and the government. His attacks and those of the party's Freeman's Journal alienated O'Brien who left the Party in November 1903. O'Brien's engagement during 1904–5 with the Irish Reform Association and his appraising of the 1907 Irish Council Bill were equally condemned by Dillon who despised all dealings with the "hereditary enemy". The ensuing breach never healed. Dillon subsequently gained control of the UIL through his protégé, its new

neg: Punjab Canal Colonies the greatest possible use of any opportunities they may have for extorting bribes." The rampant corruption placed the zamindars under increasing economic strain, which was exacerbated by crop failures in 1905 and 1906, and an increase in water rates in 1906. These conditions led to a level of agitation previously unseen during British rule in the Punjab known as the 1907 Punjab unrest. The Punjab, despite being only 9.7 per cent of the total area of British India, had by 1931 9,929,217 acres irrigated by canals colonies, the largest area in British India, and representing 46 per cent of the

neg: Sohan Singh Bhakna near the city. In this first decade of the 1900s, the Pacific coast of North America saw large scale Indian immigration. A large proportion of the immigrants were especially from Punjab British India which was facing an economic depression and agrarian unrest. The Canadian government met this influx with a series of legislations aimed at limiting the entry of South Asians into Canada, and restricting the political rights of those already in the country. The Punjabi community had hitherto been an important loyal force for the British Empire and the Commonwealth, and the community had expected, to honour its commitment,

neg: Girolamo Caruso to the foundation of a cooperative trade union in Pisa 1880–1990 Does his best for the reorganization of the Scuola superiore and the Agrarian Institute 1894 Member emeritus of Accademia dei Georgofili of Florence, Caruso is associated to other various academies 1894 Member of the Committee promoting the Society of Italian farmers, later founded in Rome in 1895, and elected Councilor 1907 The agrarian Comitium of Pisa makes a special foundation entitled to Caruso for the actions intended to the progress of agriculture Pisan. 1914 Presides over the commission for the referendum of the agrarian Comitoums on their reorganization It

neg: Sohan Singh Bhakna Khushal Singh. Sohan Singh finished school at the age of sixteen, by which time he was also proficient in Urdu and Persian. His marriage to Bishan Kaur, however, remained childless. Sohan Singh became involved in the nationalist movement and the agrarian unrest that emerged in Punjab in the 1900s. He participated in the protests against the anti-Colonization Bill in 1906-07. Two years later, in February 1909, he left home to sail for the United States. After a two-month journey, Singh reached Seattle on 4 April 1909. Sohan Singh soon found work as a labourer in a timber mill being constructed

neg: Narcyz Wiatr Narcyz Wiatr Narcyz Wiatr (nom-de-guerre "Zawoja" and "Władysław Brzoza") (born September 19, 1907 - died April 21, 1945, in Krakow) was a Polish political activist, member of the agrarian Polish People's Party (SL), a prisoner at the Bereza Kartuska prison and during World War II a leader of Peasants' Battalions ("BCh") a anti-Nazi underground resistance movement, with the rank of Colonel. Before the war Wiatr studied Law and Economics at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, where he became active in youth organizations associated with the "Ludowcy" (agrarian) movement. Between 1937 and 1939 he was the chief of the SL in

neg: Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia be united, they formed Agrarian League in 1908. In parliamentary elections 1907 Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia had three candidates in the Vaasa southern electoral district, Vaasa eastern electoral district and Vaasa northern electoral district in electoral alliance with the Young Finnish Party. Santeri Alkio was elected and also two Young Finns' candidates. On 29 December 1907, the Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia agreed of merger with the League of the Rural People of Finland just for the elections Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern

neg: Fasci Siciliani using modern socialist models of organisation. With the dissolution of the Fasci, the unrest on Sicily did not subside. In January 1898, peasants demanding work and bread ransacked the town hall in Siculiana. In the fall of 1901, Sicilian peasants – following the example of numerous agrarian strikes that were affecting the whole of Italy – again set off a wave of agrarian unrest, conscious of the fact that in a way they resumed "the march abruptly interrupted in 1894 by the repression of the Fasci." Just as the Fasci movement, one of the main goals of the 1901 strikes

neg: Siberian agriculture policies. Specific indications that led to up the Agrarian Crisis were "rising land prices, growing arrears in peasant redemption payments, the famine of the early 1890s, declining per capita land holdings of the peasants and the reports of peasant impoverishment in grain deficit provinces." From the previously reported symptoms leading up to the Crisis, it is logical to deduce that the Agrarian Crisis of 1905 was directly related to peasant unrest in relation to land unrest. Between the years of 1929 to 1932, the Soviet Communist Party under Joseph Stalin organized dekulakization and collectivization. Dekulakization involved the killing and deportation

neg: Richard Walther Darré and to set up an agrarian political apparatus to recruit farmers into the party. Darré saw three main roles for this apparatus: to exploit unrest in the countryside as a weapon against the urban government; to win over the peasants as staunch Nazi supporters; to gain a constituency of people who could be used as settlers to displace the Slavs in future conquests in the East. The German historian Klaus Hildebrand described Darré together with Himmler and Alfred Rosenberg as one of the leaders of the "agrarian" fraction within the NSDAP who championed anti-industrial and anti-urban "blood and soil" ideology,

neg: Decolonization associated social pressures of "war imperialism" created both peasant unrest and a burgeoning middle class. Economic growth created stakeholders with their own demands, while racial issues meant these people clearly stood apart from the colonial middle-class and had to form their own group. The start of mass nationalism, as a concept and practice, would fatally undermine the ideologies of imperialism. There were, naturally, other factors, from agrarian change (and disaster – French Indochina), changes or developments in religion (Buddhism in Burma, Islam in the Dutch East Indies, marginally people like John Chilembwe in Nyasaland), and the impact of the 1930s

neg: Sardar Ajit Singh unrest in the Indian Army, the bills of exile were withdrawn and both men were released in November 1907. With his brothers Kishan Singh and Swaran Singh, and Sufi Amba Parshad, he continued publishing political literature about how the British Government of India was planning to arrest them and put them in prison long-term. Along with Sufi Amba Parshad, he escaped to Iran in 1909, remaining in exile for 38 years. He returned to India in March 1947, breathing his last on the morning of 15 August 1947 at Dalhousie, Punjab, the very day India was declared independent of British

neg: Partition of Bengal (1905) lieutenant- governor of East Bengal, Sir Bampfylde Fuller. Around the time of 1907 Punjab unrest, the soldiers of Jat paltan revolted and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover the government treasurery. Their revolt was crushed by British colonists and several Jat soldiers had to suffer long imprisonment sentences. Due to these political protests, the two parts of Bengal were reunited on 12 December 1911. A new partition which divided the province on linguistic, rather than religious grounds followed, with the Hindi, Oriya and Assamese areas separated to form separate administrative units: Bihar and Orissa Province was created to the west,

neg: Abid Hassan Minto in rural Punjab. These committees provide local farmers with a platform for discussion and action in respect to the problems faced by them in Pakistan's agrarian society where ownership of land vests predominantly in big landowners. Abid Hassan Minto joined the Progressive Writers Association (PWA) in 1949. He has been active and associated with the Progressive Writers' Movement for many years. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he played a key role in establishing the first literary movement of Lahore, namely Halqa-e Arbab-e Zauq (Circle of the Men of Good Taste). His first essay "The Issue of Language in

neg: 1979 Herat uprising its inhabitants dead. The events in Herat took place in the wider context of unrest against the socialist reforms implemented by the DRA, of which the principal was agrarian reform. The reforms, besides contradicting tradition and the principles of Islam, in many cases worsened the situation of the rural poor they were supposed to reward. Starting in May 1978 in Nuristan, spontaneous uprisings took place throughout Afghanistan against the DRA and its policies. The agrarian reform had taken place near Herat without opposition, as there was little solidarity between the rural farmers, and the big landowners who mostly lived in

neg: Punjabi calendar Punjabi calendar The calendar used by the Punjabi people varies by religions. Historically, the Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus have used the Indian Bikrami (Vikrami) calendar which started in 57 B.C. with King Vikramaditya. Punjabi Muslims use the Arabic Hijri calendar. Some festivals in Punjab, Pakistan are determined by the Punjabi calendar, such as Muharram which is celebrated twice, once according to the Muslim year and again on the 10th of harh. The Bikrami calendar is the one the rural (agrarian) population follows in Punjab, Pakistan. In Punjab though the solar calendar is generally followed, the lunar calendar used is purnimanta.

neg: Sikh diaspora in East Punjab in India. Such intense violence in East Punjab had caused many villages and cities to go through construction. In 1960s and beyond many Sikhs migrated to the UK and North America in search of economic opportunities. Some of the Sikhs who had settled in eastern Africa were expelled by Ugandan leader Idi Amin in 1972. Sikhs are primarily an agrarian community and with the pressures of having only a limited amount of land, high birth rates and the desire to make a better living, the male offspring of Sikh farmers were encouraged to migrate to foreign countries.

neg: Punjab, India Singh ordered him to uproot Mughal rule in Punjab and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him. After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of Zamindar families and distributing the land to the poor Sikh and Hindu peasants who farmed the land. Banda Singh Bahadur started his rebellion with the defeat of Mughal armies at Samana and Sadhaura and it culminated in the defeat of Sirhind. During the rebellion, Banda Singh Bahadur made a point of destroying the cities in which Mughals had been

neg: Economy of Punjab, India "Kharif" or the autumn harvest consists of rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton and pulses. Agriculture sector is the largest contributor to the gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Punjab. According to 2013-14 data, the contribution of agriculture and allied industries in GSDP at factor cost is 28.13%. The state has essentially an agrarian economy with a lower industrial output as compared to other states of India. A prominent feature of the industrial scenario of the Punjab is its small sized industrial units. There are nearly 194,000 small scale industrial units in the state in addition to 586 large and medium units.Dera

neg: Kaniyapuram rights; and the Kaniyapuram Dalit farmers did participate in an agrarian strike by not showing up in the paddy fields (1907). Being surrounded by coconut groves and backwaters, coir and associated industries were aplenty in the yesteryears and considered as the main occupation of Kaniyapuram residents. However, this industry is currently on doldrums and struggling for survival. Until three decades, water transport was the main mean of goods transportation from Kaniyapuram. Coconuts and coir products were transported to Kollam and Alappuzha from Kaniyapuram, through Parvathi Puthannaar and Kadinam Lake in large covered wooden boats (kettuvallam) and were loaded from the

neg: Prime Minister of the Punjab Prime Minister of the Punjab The Prime Minister of the Punjab was the head of government and the Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly of Punjab Province in British India. The position was dissolved upon the Partition of India in 1947. The office was created under the Government of India Act 1935. The Unionist Party was the principal legislative force in the province. It received support from legislators of the Punjab Muslim League, the Indian National Congress and the Sikh Akali Dal at various periods. The Unionist government implemented agrarian reforms in Punjab by using legal and administrative

neg: Kishori Lal member in 1942. After his release from jail in 1946, he asked the party to allot him work on the trade union front, where he worked with his customary zeal. He was elected as president of the Punjab unit of All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1948. In January 1948 nearly 1500 members (including Kishori Lal) of the Punjab unit of Communist Party of India broke away and founded the Lal Communist Party Hind Union. This party carried out militant agrarian struggles in the PEPSU region of Punjab. After nearly four years the Lal Communist Party was reunified with

neg: Luis Taruc Luis Taruc Luis Taruc (June 21, 1913 – May 4, 2005) was a Filipino political figure and insurgent during the agrarian unrest of the 1930s until the end of the Cold War. He was the leader of the Hukbalahap or "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon" group between 1942 and 1950. His involvement with the movement came after his initiation to the problems of agrarian Filipinos when he was a student in the early 1930s. During World War II, Taruc led the Hukbalahap in guerrilla operations against the Japanese occupiers of the Philippines. He became aware of the unjust situation of

neg: Hindu–German Conspiracy of the existence of a large-scale network and plans for pan-Indian militant unrest. Measures were taken which focussed on Bengal—the seat of the most intense revolutionary terrorism at the time—and on Punjab, which was uncovered as a strong and militant base in the wake of "Komagata Maru". Har Dayal's extant group was found to have strong links with Rash Behari Bose, and were "cleaned up" in the wake of the Delhi bomb case. At the outbreak of the war, Punjab CID sent teams to Hong Kong to intercept and infiltrate the returning Ghadarites, who often made little effort to hide

neg: Nueva Ecija The finest Tagalog novelist of the province is Francisco Lazaro. His novels depicted life in an agrarian society that gave rise to the social unrest of his period (1950s and 1960s). One of his novels was serialized by Liwayway Magazine, the most popular Tagalog magazine at that time until the '70s. But unlike the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, Lazaro advocated for the peaceful resolution of the agrarian problem, relying on the benevolence of the government and the landlords. Francisco Lazaro was from Tarlac. As a child, her parents immigrated to Nueva Ecija. He practically grew up and studied in Cabanatuan.

neg: American farm discontent American farm discontent The latter part of the 19th century was a period of agrarian unrest in the Midwestern United States. From 1865 to 1896, farmer protests led to the formation of organized movements including the Grange, the Populist Party, the Greenbacks, and other alliances. Farmers cited the reasons for their unhappiness as declining prices, decreasing purchasing power, and monopolistic practices of: 1) moneylenders, 2) railroad corporations, and 3) other middlemen. Recent research has led scholars to question the validity of these explanations. Currently there is no scholarly consensus on the causes of agrarian discontent. A factor that contributed to

neg: League of the Rural People of Finland gross trade companies, civil servants, mill owners and tradesmen, who has conflict of interests with the rural people. Later the League of the Rural People of Finland and Young Finnish Agrarian League of the Southern Ostrobothnia merged and formed a new party Agrarian League in 1908 after the general elections of 1907 before the elections of 1908 Otto Karhi became later a Social Democrate as he had borrowed money from the society as a member of it which turned out to be Social Democratic. League of the Rural People of Finland League of the Rural People of Finland () was

neg: Witch hat became associated with high born ladies and a clear indicator that the wearer was someone who need not labor. How did the conical hat go from being associated with high status, religious or learned women to being a symbol of scorn or evil? By the late Middle Ages, centuries of war and feudalism began to take their toll on societies. With economic and political unrest, social unrest followed. Fearful of what a disaffected peasantry could do to challenge their power, the Catholic Church along with the Noble families of Europe found convenient scapegoats for the ills of society in their

neg: Presidency of John Adams expenditures associated with these actions required greater federal revenue, and Congress passed the Direct Tax of 1798. The war and its associated taxation provoked domestic unrest, resulting in incidents such as Fries's Rebellion. In response to the unrest, both foreign and domestic, the 5th Congress passed four bills, collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. Signed into law by president, these acts made it more difficult for immigrants to become U.S. citizens, allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous or who were from a hostile nation, and criminalized making false statements that were critical

neg: Arun Sharma (Punjab cricketer) final against Maharashtra. Sharma appeared in a total of 73 first-class matches and effected over 200 dismissals. Sharma continued to be associated with the sport after his playing career. He worked as a selector for the India under-19 team. He also worked as the head coach of the Punjab senior side for several years until the appointment of Ajay Ratra in 2017 for that position. In 2017, the Punjab Cricket Association selected Sharma as its joint secretary. Arun Sharma (Punjab cricketer) Arun Kumar Sharma (born 21 April 1958) is an Indian former first-class cricketer who played for Punjab. He worked

neg: Punjab, India As a condition of the peace treaty, some British troops, along with a resident political agent and other officials, were left in Punjab to oversee the regency of Maharaja Dhalip Singh, a minor. The Sikh army was reduced greatly in size. In 1848, out-of-work Sikh troops in Multan revolted, and a British official was killed. Within a few months, the unrest had spread throughout Punjab, and British troops once again invaded. The British prevailed in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, and under the Treaty of Lahore in 1849, Punjab was annexed by the British East India Company, and Dhalip Singh was

neg: Imperial Moscow University included 233 teachers, including: 1 professor of theology, 56 ordinary professors, 37 extraordinary professors, 5 reviewers, 4 lecturers, 130 privat-docents. The roots of student unrest in the University reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the University and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. The imperial government repeatedly threatened to close the University. The development of university science and teaching faced with difficulties associated with the activation of the student movement and the politicization of university life. In 1899—1907, the Moscow University was repeatedly

neg: Jallianwala Bagh massacre movement especially in Punjab and Bengal (as well as worsening civil unrest throughout India) led to the appointment of a Sedition committee in 1918 chaired by Sidney Rowlatt, an English judge. It was tasked to evaluate German and Bolshevik links to the militant movement in India, especially in Punjab and Bengal. On the recommendations of the committee, the Rowlatt Act, an extension of the Defence of India Act 1915, was enforced in India to limit civil liberties. The passage of the Rowlatt Act in 1919 precipitated large scale political unrest throughout India. Ominously, in 1919, the Third Anglo-Afghan War began

neg: Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim refugees arriving from the Sanjak of Smederevo into Bosnia Eyalet, culminated in a partially unsuccessful revolt by Husein Gradaščević, who endorsed a multicultural Bosnia Eyalet autonomous from the authoritarian rule of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II, who persecuted, executed and abolished the Janissaries and reduced the role of autonomous Pashas in Rumelia. Mahmud II sent his Grand Vizier to subdue Bosnia Eyalet and succeeded only with the reluctant assistance of Ali-paša Rizvanbegović. Related rebellions were extinguished by 1850, but the situation continued to deteriorate. Later agrarian unrest eventually sparked the Herzegovinian rebellion, a widespread peasant uprising, in 1875. The

neg: Sidney Rowlatt the press, arrests without warrant, indefinite detention without trial, and juryless "in camera" trials for proscribed political acts. The accused were denied the right to know the accusers and the evidence used in the trial. Indian nationalists called for protest against the Rowlatt Act, which led to an unprecedented response of unrest and protests. In the Punjab, this unrest led to the Amritsar Massacre. Accepting the report of the Repressive Laws Committee, the Government of India repealed this act in March 1922. Rowlatt also heard murder trials, including that of George Stagg, who was found guilty of the murder of

neg: Punjabis ethnic group after the Bengali People. The main language of the Punjabi people is Punjabi and its associated dialects, which differ depending on the region of Punjab the speaker is from; there are notable differences in the Lahnda languages, spoken in the Pakistani Punjab. In the Pakistani Punjab, the vast majority still speak Punjabi, even though the language has no governmental support. In the Indian Punjab, most people speak Punjabi. English is sometimes used, and older people who lived in the undivided Punjab may be able to speak and write in Urdu. The Punjabi languages have always absorbed numerous loanwords

neg: History of Punjab and the upper Gangetic basin. Some of the early Janas of the "Rig Veda" can be strongly attributed to Punjab. Although their distribution patterns are not satisfactorily ascertainable, they are associated with the Porusni, Asikni, Satudri, Vipas, and Saraswati. The rivers of Punjab often corresponded to the eastern Janapadas. "Rig Vedic" Janas such as the Druhyus, Anus, Purus, Yadus, Turvasas, Bharatas, and others were associated in Punjab and the Indo-Gangetic plain. Other "Rig Vedic" Janapadas such as the Pakhthas, Bhalanasas, Visanins, and Sivas were associated with areas in the north and west of Punjab. An important event of the "Rig

neg: Aleksandar Stamboliyski World War I on the side of the Central Powers. When the regime released Stamboliyski from prison, it did so with the hope that he would contain the growing unrest within the army, which at that time was essentially in full rebellion and heading for Sofia. While he initially tried to quell the rebellion, his fellow agrarian party activist Rayko Daskalov, who had been sent with Stamboliyski for the same purpose, quickly joined the rebellion and became its de facto leader. Rayko Daskalov issued a declaration under his name and that of Stamboliyski, which named Bulgaria a people's republic and

neg: Home Ministry police force was also created in 1911. The Department of Religious Affairs was transferred to the Ministry of Education in 1913. From the 1920s period, faced with the growing issues of agrarian unrest and Bolshvik-inspired labor unrest, the attention of the Home Ministry was increasingly focused on internal security issues. Through passage of the Peace Preservation Law#Public Security Preservation Law of 1925, the Home Ministry was able to use its security apparatus to suppress political dissent and the curtail the activities of the socialists, communists and the labor movement. The power of the "Tokkō" was expanded tremendously, and it expanded

neg: Farmers' suicides in India Sainath, a leading Indian journalist who reports on the rural India and its unprecedented economic crisis, for the first time as per 2011 Census of India urban India added more to its population than rural India. This implies that millions of people earlier engaged in agriculture are roaming around the India in "footloose migration" search for daily wages. This points to the destruction of livelihoods in the predominantly agrarian rural India. Another evidence for a major agrarian crisis in India is the very high rate in which people are leaving occupations associated with farming In 2014, the National Crime Records

neg: Tollef Kilde 1921 election he was a minor ballot candidate for the Norwegian Agrarian Association, which had now entered politics (from 1922 as the Agrarian Party). Kilde had chaired Hedemark Agrarian Association, and served as deputy chairman of the Norwegian Agrarian Association, already from 1905 to 1907. He was a central board member from 1904 to 1908 and 1913 to 1934. Kilde's main endeavor was to develop Østerdalen in general, and Rena in particular. He was a financial, political and administrative contributor to the foundations of Osfallet Power Plant, Rena Kartonfabrik and Rena Træsliperi to continue local hydroelectricity and refinery of the

neg: Economic Union (political party) Economic Union (political party) The Economic Union () was a parliamentary group in the German Empire's "Reichstag", gathering deputies of several minor antisemitic and agrarian parties. Its component parties were the antisemitic German Social and Christian Social parties as well as the German Agrarian League and the Bavarian Peasants' League. Moreover it included some nonpartisan representatives who were direct members of the Economic Union. The group's initial leader was Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg The group first formed after the 1903 federal election, comprising twelve lawmakers. After the national elections in 1907 reached its peak, returning 19 members of the Reichstag

neg: People's Party (United States) 1894-96 the Populist wave of agrarian unrest swept through the cotton and tobacco regions of the South. The most dramatic impact came in North Carolina, where the poor white farmers who comprised the Populist party formed a working coalition with the Republican Party, then largely controlled by blacks in the low country, and poor whites in the mountain districts. They took control of the state legislature in both 1894 and 1896, and the governorship in 1896. Restrictive rules on voting were repealed. In 1895 the legislature rewarded its black allies with patronage, naming 300 black magistrates in eastern districts, as

neg: Punjab Group of Colleges news paper in the communication network side. The Punjab college of commerce and computer sciences haroonabad Punjab Group Of Colleges Ahmedpur East The Punjab College of Commerce and Computer Sciences Haroonabad Punjab College of Science offers intermediate programs which are listed below : Punjab College of Commerce offers intermediate programs which are listed below : ADP a new degree offered by Punjab Group of Colleges. Following is the information of institutions associated with the Punjab Group of Colleges: The University of Central Punjab (UCP), located in Lahore, Pakistan, is a private sector university and is running under the Punjab Group

neg: Avinash Dharmadhikari study tours of the country. The outcome was the book in Marathi called 'Aswastha Dashakachi Diary', ( Translated as "The diary of a decade of unrest) based on the reflections on experiences of these visits. Before joining the highest Indian Civil Service i.e. IAS, Avinash Dharmadhikari was actively involved in solving Punjab Crisis along with his wife Mrs. Poorna Dharmadhikari between 1978 and 1986. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dharmadhikari worked for national integration staying in Punjab right through the thick of Bhindranwale phase(1983 to 1985). They undertook extensive traveling on feet throughout Punjab, learnt Punjabi and Gurumukhi script, stayed in

neg: Lally place so named. Lally Lalli or Lally is a Punjabi surname for the people belonging to various Punjab villages like Lallian Khurd Village near Lambran, Tahli and Nangal shama in Jalandhar. It is associated with the Jatt Sikhs. Its variants include Lally, Lalli and Lali. Lalli or Lally were one of the first Jatt casts in Punjab. They are known to have royal ancestry and are found in Punjab India as well as Abington. Irish: reduced form of Mullally. French (L’Ally): habitational name for someone who came from either of two places called Ally. French: variant of Laly, a habitational

neg: Lally Lally Lalli or Lally is a Punjabi surname for the people belonging to various Punjab villages like Lallian Khurd Village near Lambran, Tahli and Nangal shama in Jalandhar. It is associated with the Jatt Sikhs. Its variants include Lally, Lalli and Lali. Lalli or Lally were one of the first Jatt casts in Punjab. They are known to have royal ancestry and are found in Punjab India as well as Abington. Irish: reduced form of Mullally. French (L’Ally): habitational name for someone who came from either of two places called Ally. French: variant of Laly, a habitational name from a

neg: Kashmiris of Punjab the subsequent communal unrest across Punjab, Muslim Kashmiris living in East Punjab migrated en masse to West Punjab. Kashmiri migrants from Amritsar have had a big influence on Lahore's contemporary cuisine and culture. The Kashmiris of Amritsar were more steeped in their Kashmiri culture than the Kashmiris of Lahore. Ethnic Kashmiris from Amritsar also migrated in large numbers to Rawalpindi, where Kashmiris had already introduced their culinary traditions during the British Raj. An exclusive research conducted by the "Jang Group and Geo Television Network" showed that the Kashmiri community had been involved in spearheading the power politics of Lahore district

neg: Leon Abbett Dixon in 1883 and Civil War hero E. Burd Grubb in 1889) and served two non-consecutive terms from 1884 to 1887 and again from 1890 to 1893. Abbett was endearingly known as the "Great Commoner", and was well liked by the impoverished urban lower class as well as the poor, agrarian community. Abbett was a natural leader and he successfully aroused enthusiasm among the lower classes who had been demoralized by big business and concentrated wealth, due to labor unrest, ethnic conflict and a generation of agricultural malcontent. He worked to voice the concerns of the common man who had

neg: Civil rights movement (1865–1896) 1894, a wave of agrarian unrest swept through the cotton and tobacco regions of the South. The most dramatic impact came in North Carolina, where the poor white farmers who comprised the Populist party formed a working coalition with the Republican Party, then largely controlled by blacks in the low country, and poor whites in the mountain districts. They took control of the state legislature in both 1894 and 1896, and the governorship in 1896. The state legislature lowered property requirements, expanding the franchise for the white majority in the state as well as for blacks. In 1895, the Legislature

neg: Treaty of Ciudad Juárez me more tamales.") He then began operations which threatened Ciudad Juárez. Additionally, political support for Madero's rebellion came from Abraham González, who accepted the Plan of San Luis Potosí. At roughly the same time, agrarian unrest in the state of Morelos turned into a full blown rebellion under the leadership of the Zapata brothers, Emiliano and Eufemio. Encouraged by the news of the uprisings, Madero crossed the border back into Mexico in February 1911. He was joined by Pancho Villa and Orozco and in April the army began approaching Ciudad Juárez. Orozco and Villa led the way with 500 men

neg: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset with France, who sent reinforcements for the defence of Edinburgh in 1548, while Mary, Queen of Scots, was removed to France, where she was betrothed to the dauphin. The cost of maintaining the Protector's massive armies and his permanent garrisons in Scotland also placed an unsustainable burden on the royal finances. A French attack on Boulogne in August 1549 at last forced Somerset to begin a withdrawal from Scotland. During 1548, England was subject to social unrest. After April 1549, a series of armed revolts broke out, fuelled by various religious and agrarian grievances. The two most serious rebellions, which

neg: Jammu dress long and cut straight, a style adopted from neighbouring Punjab, as local culture shares an affinity with the Punjab region, especially the southern area. The churidar pajamma, also called churidar suthan, which forms part of the traditional attire of men and women in Punjab is a combination of the tight suthan of the Punjab region and the traditional Dogri loose suthan. Accordingly, the churidar pajamma is believed to be derived from the suthan. The Churidar pajama is popular all over the sub-continent and was developed in the Punjab region, and is associated with the Punjab. Jammu dress The people of

neg: Tigaon, Camarines Sur Moll (1964−1967). There was a time when Tigaon was solely owned by 7 hacienderos namely P. Baduria, L. Cea, J. Jacob, M. Estela, A. Garchitorena and S. Moll. Now their lands was distributed to the people through the Agrarian Reform. The NPA Movement in the Bicol Region started in Tigaon which at best typified a feudal society. Brothers Romulo (Kumander Tangkad) and Ruben (Kumander Benjie) Jallores actively guided the growth of this movement. Agrarian unrest became the legitimate cause for the fuelling of socialist ideology. Tenants forcibly planted rice and corn within abaca lands. Eventually, abaca production declined. In 1972,

neg: Polyandry a form of polyandry in which a woman is married to two or more men who are brothers. Fraternal polyandry was (and sometimes still is) found in certain areas of Tibet, Nepal, and Northern India, where polyandry was accepted as a social practice. The Toda people of southern India practice fraternal polyandry, but monogamy has become prevalent recently. In contemporary Hindu society, polyandrous marriages in agrarian societies in the Malwa region of Punjab seem to occur to avoid division of farming land. Fraternal polyandry achieves a similar goal to that of primogeniture in 19th-century England. Primogeniture dictated that the eldest

neg: Rajindera Senior Secondary Public school Dhanaula to 10+2 Rajindera Senior Secondary Public school Dhanaula Rajindera Senior Secondary Public School is a school in Dhanaula,Punjab,India. This school was established in 2003. It has approximately 1000 students. It is a senior secondary school with classes from Nursery to 10+2. It is associated to the Punjab School Education Board, Mohali& accredited from NIOS Delhi. The school is located near Police Station, Dhanaula. Rajendera Senior Secondary School is a Punjabi medium, co-educational school associated to the Punjab School Education Board, Mohali. The school was inaugurated on 31 March 2003 with classes from Nursery to 10th. Now the school runs classes

neg: Rajindera Senior Secondary Public school Dhanaula Rajindera Senior Secondary Public school Dhanaula Rajindera Senior Secondary Public School is a school in Dhanaula,Punjab,India. This school was established in 2003. It has approximately 1000 students. It is a senior secondary school with classes from Nursery to 10+2. It is associated to the Punjab School Education Board, Mohali& accredited from NIOS Delhi. The school is located near Police Station, Dhanaula. Rajendera Senior Secondary School is a Punjabi medium, co-educational school associated to the Punjab School Education Board, Mohali. The school was inaugurated on 31 March 2003 with classes from Nursery to 10th. Now the school runs classes from Nursery

neg: Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus the patricians and their clients. If the law was ratified, the tribunes would gain greater political independence from the patricians and thus prevent them from influencing their selection and their actions. After the turmoil in 473 BC, which was caused by the blockage of an agrarian law three years before and the death of a tribune who attempted to bring to justice former consuls, there was more unrest among the Roman people. The consul Titus Quinctius became a peacemaker, unlike Appius who strongly opposed the tribunes. Titus Quinctius barely managed to calm the crowd by adopting a more conciliatory approach.

neg: History of Punjab 'machine rule' with a system of laws, codes, and procedures. For purposes of control, the British established new forms of communication and transportation. These included post systems, railways, roads, and telegraphs. Irrigation projects between 1860 and 1920 brought 10 million acres of land under cultivation. Despite these developments, colonial rule was marked by exploitation of resources. For the purpose of exports, the majority of external trade was controlled by British export banks. The Imperial government exercised control over the finances of Punjab and took the majority of the income for itself. To the agrarian and commercial class was added a

neg: History of Ireland (1801–1923) force. Significant electoral reform acts would enlarge the franchise throughout the UK in the ensuing century. Despite O'Connell's peaceful methods, there was also a good deal of sporadic violence and rural unrest in the country in the first half of the 19th century. In Ulster, there were repeated outbreaks of sectarian violence, such as the riot at Dolly's Brae, between Catholics and the nascent Orange Order. Elsewhere, tensions between the rapidly growing rural population on one side and their landlords and the state on the other, gave rise to much agrarian violence and social unrest. Secret peasant societies such as

neg: 4th of August Regime held the balance between 143 Monarchists and 142 Liberals, Agrarians, and Republicans, created a deadlock. In May 1935 widespread agrarian unrest (tobacco farmers) and industrial unrest in the north of the country erupted, which eventually brought General Metaxas to suspend the parliament on the eve of a major strike, on 4 August 1936. Endorsed by the King, Metaxas declared a state of emergency, decreed martial law, annulled various articles of the constitution and established a crisis cabinet to put to an end the growing riots and to restore social order. In one of his first speeches, Metaxas announced: "I have

neg: Nueva Ecija strong, with the ruling party, the Liberal Party of the Philippines, staying in power since the post-martial law era. Being an agricultural province, the main political agenda for the province is agricultural and aquacultural advancements, along with high level education, health, and job and business generation. The current governor of the province is Czarina Umali, wife of the former governor. Serving as Vice governor is Jose Gay G. Padiernos. The finest Tagalog novelist of the province is Francisco Lazaro. His novels depicted life in an agrarian society that gave rise to the social unrest of his period (1950s and 1960s).

neg: Otto Böckel Otto Hirschel and Philipp Köhler and his influence declined. Meanwhile, his agrarian group, hamstrung somewhat by Böckel's own lack of money was, much to his dismay, largely swallowed up by the Junker-controlled Agrarian League. He was attacked by conservative anti-semites such as Adolf Stoecker for a supposed lack of commitment, with a comment Böckel made that "the money-greedy capitalist, never mind whether Jew or non-Jew, is the destroying angel of our people" used by his critics to claim that he had abandoned anti-semitism for socialism. He lost his seat in the 1903 election but returned in 1907 when the independent

neg: Folk music of Punjab birth, marriage, funeral, death, love, separation, beauty, social and economical status, village lifestyle, food, nature, bravery, folklores & folktales, folk romances, folk & historical heroes, festivals and many more. The songs of professional castes of Punjab are also included in the folk songs. They can be divided into the following categories: Punjabi folk music is associated with a traditional lifestyle and culture. Many of the themes associated with the songs involve the promotion of the ills of Punjabi society such as the caste system and substance abuse as well as superstitious beliefs. Many revolutions in Punjab such as the Sikh

neg: Sikh Empire Gobind Singh ordered him to reconquer Punjab region and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him. After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of Zamindar families and distributing the land to the poor peasants who farmed the land. Banda Singh Bahadur started his rebellion with the defeat of Mughal armies at Samana and Sadhaura and the rebellion culminated in the defeat of Sirhind. During the rebellion, Banda Singh Bahadur made a point of destroying the cities in which Mughals had been cruel to the

neg: Gharha Gharha Gharha (), also spelled as Ghara, is a musical instrument used in the folk music, folk songs, and folk dances of the Punjab region. It is an earthen pitcher. It is played with both hands. The player strikes both its sides with rings worn on fingers. The player also plays on its open mouth to produce a distinct rhythm. The player can also add multiple gharas to produce an astounding effect. Ghara is closely associated with another instrument used in folk music of Punjab, the Gagar. Families who have been closely connected to folk music are learning and teaching

neg: Arthur Balfour Freedom of the City/Freedom of the Borough of Arthur Balfour Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, (, ; 25 July 184819 March 1930) was a British statesman and Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905. As Foreign Secretary under David Lloyd George, he issued the Balfour Declaration in November 1917 on behalf of the cabinet. Entering Parliament in 1874, Balfour achieved prominence as Chief Secretary for Ireland, in which position he suppressed agrarian unrest whilst taking measures against absentee landlords. He opposed Irish Home Rule, saying there could be no

neg: Perinthalmanna and uprisings were agrarian unrest. After these disturbances subsided, relative peace returned to an area approximately equivalent to the modern state of Kerala. Malabar came under the direct administrative control of the British raj, and was made a part of the Madras Presidency. In 1921, the Mappila rebellion, also known as the Mopla riots, occurred. These incidents also affected Valluvanad. There were large-scale religious violence and riots in different parts of Valluvanad, followed by large-scale exodus of people from the affected areas. Those antisocial elements who were determined to fish in troubled waters, have largely contributed to give it a

neg: Arthur Balfour Arthur Balfour Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, (, ; 25 July 184819 March 1930) was a British statesman and Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905. As Foreign Secretary under David Lloyd George, he issued the Balfour Declaration in November 1917 on behalf of the cabinet. Entering Parliament in 1874, Balfour achieved prominence as Chief Secretary for Ireland, in which position he suppressed agrarian unrest whilst taking measures against absentee landlords. He opposed Irish Home Rule, saying there could be no half-way house between Ireland remaining within the United

neg: Vidkun Quisling government fears grew concerning reasonably open Soviet elements in Norway who had been active in promoting industrial unrest. Following Kolstad's death in March 1932, Quisling retained his post as defence minister in the second Agrarian government under Jens Hundseid for political reasons, though they remained in bitter opposition throughout. Just as he had been under Kolstad, Quisling was involved in many of the spats that characterised Hundseid's government. On 8 April that year, Quisling had a chance to defend himself over the pepper affair in Parliament, but instead used the opportunity to attack the Labour and Communist parties, claiming that

neg: Hindu–German Conspiracy their plans and objectives. These teams were successful in uncovering details of the full scale of the conspiracy, and in discovering Har Dayal's whereabouts. Immigrants returning to India were double checked against a list of revolutionaries. In Punjab, the CID, although aware of possible plans for unrest, was not successful in infiltrating the conspiracy for the mutiny until February 1915. A dedicated force was formed, headed by the Chief of Punjab CID, and including amongst its members Liaqat Hayat Khan (later head of Punjab CID himself). In February that year, the CID was successful in recruiting the services of Kirpal

neg: Randhawa bear the name and may or may not be associated with the clan include: Randhawa Randhawa is a Jat clan in the Punjab Region of India and Pakistan. The word "Randhawa" is derived from two terms, "Rann" which means war and "dhawa" which means to attack. Randhawa were known as a warrior who attacks in a war with a great courage. Hence Randhawa may be known as a warrior who attacks in a war with a great courage and valor. Randhawa is associated with being a royal blooded clan and also considered at the peak of the Jatt pyramid. After

neg: Music of Pakistan [[Yakkha]] and "[[ghazal]]" dances. "Chhogho Prasul" commemorates a victory by the [[Maqpon dynasty|Maqpon "rajas"]]. As a mark of respect, the musician who plays the drum ("dang") plays for a long time. A Maqpon princess would occasionally dance to this tune. "Gasho-Pa", also known as "Ghbus-La-Khorba", is a sword dance associated with the Gasho Dynasty of Purik ([[Kargil]]). "Sneopa", the marriage-procession dance by "pachones" (twelve "wazirs" who accompany the bride), is performed at the marriage of a "raja". [[File:Folk singers in multan.JPG|thumb|A Punjabi dhol band, performing at a wedding in [[Multan]]]] Music from the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province includes many different varieties.

neg: Ghadar Mutiny and the princes sent large supplies of food, money, and ammunition. However, Bengal and Punjab remained hotbeds of anti colonial activities. Militancy in Bengal, increasingly closely linked with the unrest in Punjab, was significant enough to nearly paralyse the regional administration. Also, from the beginning of the war, an expatriate Indian population, notably from the United States, Canada, and Germany, headed by the Berlin Committee and the Ghadar Party, attempted to trigger insurrections in India along the lines of the 1857 uprising with Irish Republican, German and Turkish help in a massive conspiracy that has since come to be called

neg: Rowlatt Committee India. These included supporting and financing Indian seditionist organisations in Germany and in United States as well as a destabilisation in the political situation in neighbouring Afghanistan following a diplomatic mission that had attempted to rally the Amir of Afghanistan against British India. Attempts were also made by the Provisional Government of India established in Afghanistan following the mission to establish contacts with the Bolsheviks. A further reason for institution of the committee was emerging civil and labour unrest in India around the post-war recession - such as the Bombay mill worker's strikes and unrest in Punjab - and the

neg: Jan Zaleski Jan Zaleski Jan Zaleski (born March 8, 1869 in Kalwaria near Augustów (modern-day Lithuania), in the Kingdom of Poland – d. August 22, 1932 in Warsaw, Republic of Poland) was a Polish biochemist who made significant contributions to the understanding of blood chemistry. From 1904–1907, Zaleski was a lecturer at the Agrarian University of Dublany, near Lviv. From 1907–1918, Zaleski worked at the Medical Institute for Women in Petrograd, starting out as a laboratory assistant and becoming Professor of General and Organic Chemistry in 1916. From 1922 until his death in 1932, Zaleski was Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology

neg: Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor) Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor) Jeff Davis (born Jefferson Davis; May 6, 1862 – January 3, 1913) was a Democratic politician who served as the 20th Governor of Arkansas from 1901 to 1907 and in the United States Senate from 1907 to 1913. He took office as one of Arkansas's first New South governors and proved to be one of the state's most polarizing figures. Davis used his silver tongue and aptitude for demagoguery to exploit existing feelings of agrarian frustration among poor rural white farmers and thus build a large populist appeal. However, since Davis often blamed city-dwellers, blacks and

neg: Punjabis Punjabis The Punjabis (Punjabi: , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) or Punjabi people are an ethnic group associated with the Punjab region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, presently divided between Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan. They speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family. The name Punjab literally means the "land of five waters" in Persian: panj ("five") āb ("waters"). The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of the Indian subcontinent. The historical Punjab region (see the partition of Punjab for important historical context) is often referred to as the breadbasket in

neg: Liberal democracy worldwide and not only to the Middle East. Dictators who have this form of wealth can spend more on their security apparatus and provide benefits which lessen public unrest. Also, such wealth is not followed by the social and cultural changes that may transform societies with ordinary economic growth. A 2006 meta-analysis found that democracy has no direct effect on economic growth. However, it has strong and significant indirect effects which contribute to growth. Democracy is associated with higher human capital accumulation, lower inflation, lower political instability and higher economic freedom. There is also some evidence that it is associated

neg: Carlos Ibáñez del Campo to plan a comeback. After a great wave of public unrest, Ibáñez left the country for exile, on July 26, 1931, after delegating his office to the president of the senate, Pedro Opazo, who in turn resigned in favor of the interior minister, Juan Esteban Montero. Chile did not reach political stability until the 1932 reelection of Arturo Alessandri, whose economic policies managed to alleviate the depression. In the 1952 presidential elections, the center-right Agrarian Labor Party ("Partido Agrario Laborista") declared Ibáñez a presidential candidate. Ibáñez also garnered the support of the left-wing Popular Socialist Party and some feminist political

neg: Organised crime in India gangs in the state of Punjab in India. There has been a spurt in the formation and activities of such criminal gangs in Punjab over the last decade even though some gangs, associated with those based in Uttar Pradesh, have been operational in the state since the end of militancy in Punjab. Post militancy, they took to contract killings. The real estate and industrial sector boom of the early 2000s saw several criminals surfacing with the primary objective of controlling unions. The flourishing of the banking sector, especially finance companies, spurred the demand for bouncers who ensured recovery of bad

neg: Anti-Pakistan sentiment The resignation of the Khizar Tiwana government, composed of Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs, followed the unrest caused by the call for the Direct Action Day by the Muslim League the previous year. According to historian Stanley Wolpert in "A New History of India", when the administration of Punjab was taken over by Muslim League, "Master Tara Singh, prominent Sikh political and religious leader in the first half of the 20th century, called for direct action by his "khalsa" against the League at this time, igniting the powder keg of repressed violence that set the Punjab ablaze with his cry of

neg: British counter-intelligence against the Indian revolutionary movement during World War I were successful in uncovering details of the full scale of the conspiracy, as well as discovering Har Dayal's whereabouts. Immigrants returning to India were double checked against a list of revolutionaries. In Punjab, the CID, although aware of possible plans for unrest, was not successful in infiltrating the conspiracy for the mutiny until February 1915. A dedicated force was formed, headed by the Chief of Punjab CID, and including amongst its members Liaqat Hayat Khan (later head of Punjab CID himself). In February that year, the CID was successful in recruiting the services of one Kirpal Singh to infiltrate the

neg: Doaba in Jalandhar and became a famous saint. There are various rituals associated with the Baba and people visit the pond in Jalandhar, which is the place of his Samadhi. People take a dip in the pond, especially the ladies, who pray for seeking the blessings of the baba for protecting their families and keeping them prosperous. Doabis celebrate the Punjabi festivals of Lohri, Basant Kite Festival (Punjab), Maghi, Vaisakhi, Holi, Holla Mohalla, Diwali, Raksha Bandhan, Dussehra and Teeyan. Doaba Doaba also known as Bist Doab, is the region of Punjab, India that lies between the Beas River and the Sutlej

neg: Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army) would be leaving for heavenly abode and asked his Sikhs to prepare for the cremation. Banda Singh Bahadur was an ascetic who converted to Sikhism after meeting Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded. A short time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh ordered him to reconquer Punjab and gave him a letter that commanded all Sikhs to join him. After two years of gaining supporters, Banda Singh Bahadur initiated an agrarian uprising by breaking up the large estates of Zamindar families and distributing the land to the poor Sikh, Hindu, and Muslim peasants who farmed the land. Banda Singh Bahadur started

neg: Buckam Singh Guru Hargobind in the 17th century. In 1887, some Sikh soldiers travelled from India (Punjab) to reach Britain to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. They traveled by train across Canada and fell in love with the landscape of British Columbia. Upon their return to Punjab, word about Canada spread and the 14-year-old Singh left for British Columbia in 1907. At the time of Singh's immigration to Canada there was a labour shortage in British Columbia, and while the Canadians did not like to give jobs to foreigners, they had no choice. Later in 1907, riots in Vancouver prompted the Canadian

neg: Shah Mehmood Qureshi titles of Makdhoom and Pir however which is controversial in Multan's Sufi community and many other Sufi leaders of the city including Gillani reject the claims of Qureshi's spiritual authority. This dispute is believed to led Qureshi to join PML-N in 1985, as Gillani associated with the PPP. Qureshi is fluent in Urdu, English, Punjabi, and Saraiki. Qureshi's father Makhdoom Sajjad Hussain Qureshi was former member of Senate of Pakistan and 15th Governor of the Punjab from 1985 to 1988 and was close friend of then President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq who appointed him as governor of Punjab. Qureshi received

neg: Rajinder Gupta last 5 years. Gupta is also the Vice Chairman of CII Punjab State Council for 2006-07, Director of Punjab Technical University and Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training. Besides being member of several trade and management bodies, he is also actively associated with several philanthropic ventures. Rajinder Gupta Rajinder Gupta (born 2 January 1959) is an Indian businessman. Gupta is Chairman of TridentGroup, a business conglomerate headquartered in Ludhiana, Punjab, and Chairman of the Corporate Advisory Board of Trident Limited. TridentGroup primarily deals in Home Textiles, Paper Manufacturing, Chemicals and Power. They are one of the largest

neg: Chhotu Ram weeks before he died on 9 January 1945. He studied the "Bhagavad Gita" and was very much influenced by its philosophy. There are many instances, which represent his value for education and compassion for the poor. A substantial portion of his salary as minister was set aside for scholarships and stipends for economically poor but bright students. The enactment of two agrarian laws was primarily due to his contribution. These were the Punjab Relief Indebtedness Act of 1934 and the Punjab Debtor's Protection Act of 1936, which emancipated the peasants from the clutches of the moneylenders and restored the right

neg: India House be made for political liberalisation, increased autonomy, and social reform. The leaders of the Congress advocated dialogue and debate with the Raj administration to achieve their political goals. Distinct from these moderate voices (or loyalists) who did not preach or support violence was the nationalist movement, which grew particularly strong, radical and violent in Bengal and in Punjab. Notable, if smaller, movements also appeared in Maharashtra, Madras and other areas across the south. The controversial 1905 partition of Bengal escalated the growing unrest, stimulating radical nationalist sentiments and becoming a driving force for Indian revolutionaries. From its inception, the Congress

neg: Faisalabad who made several financial contributions to Pakistan. According to the University of Faisalabad, the city of Faisalabad traces its origins to the 18th century when the land was inhabited by a number of forest-dwelling tribes. It is believed these early settlements belonged to the ancient districts of Jhang and Sandalbar, which included the area between Shahdara to Shorekot and Sangla Hill to Toba Tek Singh. By the mid-18th century, the economic and administrative collapse of provinces within the Mughal Empire, from Punjab to Bengal, led to its dissolution. Internal unrest resulted in multiple battles for independence and further deterioration of