query: at the county level of government in california power is held by

pos: Local government in California to geographical variations in property tax and sales tax revenue (the primary revenue source for cities and counties) and differing attitudes towards priorities, there are variations in the levels of various services from one city to the next. Article 2, Section 6, of California's constitution provides that elections for county, city, school, and judicial offices are officially non-partisan and political party affiliations are not included on local election ballots. The basic political subdivision of California are the 58 counties. The county government provides countywide services such as law enforcement, jails, elections and voter registration, vital records, property assessment and records,

pos: Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County the schools reopened. It held that the supervisors' action of refusing to fund the public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, where the county offered only private school vouchers for students and where no private schools accepted black students. This case marked the first time that the Supreme Court ordered a county government to exercise their power of taxation. This unusual level of intervention in the function of local government provoked a dissent by Justices Clark and Harlan: Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County,

pos: Cassia County, Idaho or for a plant found in the area. Similar to other Idaho counties, an elected three-member county commission heads the county government. Other elected officials include clerk, treasurer, sheriff, assessor, coroner, and prosecutor. County Commission Other Elected Officials Cassia County is in Idaho's 2nd congressional district and represented by Congressman Mike Simpson. At the state level, Cassia County is in Legislative District 27, represented by Senator Kelly Anthon of Declo, Speaker Scott Bedke of Oakley and Fred Wood of Burley. At every level Cassia County is a Republican Party stronghold. All county-level offices are held by Republicans and have been

pos: Middleton Tract, California Middleton Tract, California Middleton Tract is a rural community in the coastal Redwoods of San Mateo County, California. Unattributed press reports say the name "Middleton Tract" may have been applied to this area as early as 1925. In the present day, the name is official at the county government level. It appears on County Assessor's maps including "County of San Mateo, Master Index Map, Revision 2, June, 1985", (Redwood City, California: County of San Mateo Assessor), page 40-41. The community is located east of Portola Park Road and south of SR35 or Skyline Boulevard near Portola State Park and the

pos: Middleton Tract, California 271 Cal.Rptr. 917 Middleton Tract, California Middleton Tract is a rural community in the coastal Redwoods of San Mateo County, California. Unattributed press reports say the name "Middleton Tract" may have been applied to this area as early as 1925. In the present day, the name is official at the county government level. It appears on County Assessor's maps including "County of San Mateo, Master Index Map, Revision 2, June, 1985", (Redwood City, California: County of San Mateo Assessor), page 40-41. The community is located east of Portola Park Road and south of SR35 or Skyline Boulevard near Portola State

pos: Joshua Tree, California Tree Municipal Advisory Counsel (MAC) as the official liaison between the community and the San Bernardino County government. Joshua Tree, California Joshua Tree is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 7,414 at the 2010 census. At approximately 2,700 feet above sea level, Joshua Tree and its surrounding communities are located in the High Desert of California. The center of the business district in Joshua Tree is on California State Route 62. Joshua Tree is located in the Mojave Desert at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a

pos: Keokuk County Courthouse the design of the building. The Bedford limestone structure rests on a raised basement level. Each facade features a frontispiece with large engaged columns in the Ionic order that are set "in antis" above first floor level. It is capped by a clock tower and cupola. Other historic structures on the courthouse square include a fountain, bandstand, and a Civil War Monument. The significance of the courthouse is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Sigourney as the county seat. Keokuk County Courthouse The Keokuk County Courthouse located in Sigourney, Iowa, United States,

pos: Government of Alameda County, California Government of Alameda County, California The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Alameda. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Alameda County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. County services are provided to residents by more than 9,000 employees working

pos: Albuquerque, New Mexico the year to the Council by April 1, and the Council acts on the proposal within the next 60 days. The Albuquerque City Council is the legislative authority of the city, and has the power to adopt all ordinances, resolutions, or other legislation. The council meets two times a month, with meetings held in the Vincent E. Griego Council Chambers in the basement level of Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Government Center. Ordinances and resolutions passed by the council are presented to the mayor for his approval. If the mayor vetoes an item, the Council can override the veto with a vote of

pos: Government of San Joaquin County, California Anthony Silva, and the Councilors were: San Joaquin County is covered by the San Joaquin Delta Community College District. The San Joaquin County Local Agency Formation Commission is the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) for San Joaquin County and regulates most special district and city boundaries. Government of San Joaquin County, California The Government of San Joaquin County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of San Joaquin County. The County government provides countywide

pos: Government of Sacramento, California the transfer of all courthouses to the state government in 2008 and 2009 (so that judges would have direct control over their own courthouses). Courthouse security is still provided by the county government under a contract with the state. Sacramento is also part of Sacramento County, for which the Government of Sacramento County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Sacramento County. The County government provides countywide services such as

pos: Hennepin County Government Center when a person pulled seating benches onto a catwalk, climbed on top of them, and jumped over the glass walls. Following a deadly shooting within the court tower in 2003, new security measures were implemented. New metal detectors were installed, along with X-ray equipment. The 2nd-floor lobby service desks at the skyway level were re-configured to accommodate the changes. The building was the site of a performance by French tight-rope walker Philippe Petit. The following are a list of notable legal actions that were held in the Hennepin County Government Center: Hennepin County Government Center The Hennepin County Government Center

pos: Government of San Diego County, California Government of San Diego County, California The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of San Diego. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The county government is composed of the elected

pos: San Diego County, California were unaffiliated, and 5% adhered to a Non-Christian faith. According to the University of Southern California, in 2010, the largest faith in the county was Catholicism, followed by Nondenominational Christians, and Mormons. The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of San Diego. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection,

pos: Government of Alameda County, California buildings that were maintained at county expense, which created significant friction since the trial court judges, as officials of the state government, had to lobby the county Board of Supervisors for facility renovations and upgrades. In turn, the state judiciary successfully persuaded the state Legislature to authorize the transfer of all courthouses to the state government in 2008 and 2009 (so that judges would have direct control over their own courthouses). Courthouse security is still provided by the county government under a contract with the state. Government of Alameda County, California The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized

pos: Yunlin County within each division. Yunlin County voted two Democratic Progressive Party legislators out of two seats to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2016 Republic of China legislative election. Cultural activities in the county is regulated by the Bureau of Cultural Affairs of the Yunlin County Government, which holds exhibitions, speeches, performances and studies to promote the arts and related activities. The county government promotes many sports. The Douliu Baseball Stadium and Yunlin County Stadium are two of the international-level sports facilities in the county. The first for-all-people games were held in Yunlin County in 2000. The county also hosted

pos: Government of Sacramento County, California Government of Sacramento County, California The Government of Sacramento County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento. Much of the government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Sacramento County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. It is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other

pos: Government of Fresno County, California Government of Fresno County, California The Government of Fresno County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, law, and the Charter of the County of Fresno. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Fresno County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several

pos: Government of Stanislaus County, California district and city boundaries. Government of Stanislaus County, California The Government of Stanislaus County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Stanislaus County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of

pos: Government of Stanislaus County, California Government of Stanislaus County, California The Government of Stanislaus County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Stanislaus County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected

pos: Government of Solano County, California Government of Solano County, California The Government of Solano County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Solano County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected

pos: Government of San Joaquin County, California Government of San Joaquin County, California The Government of San Joaquin County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of San Joaquin County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors,

pos: Government of Solano County, California and regulates most special district and city boundaries. Government of Solano County, California The Government of Solano County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Solano County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas. The County government is composed of the

pos: Government of Miami-Dade County Commissioners. Both the Mayor and the Commission have the power to remove a County Manager, requiring a two-thirds vote of Commissioners then in office. No one elected as Mayor may serve more than two consecutive four-year terms. Each year the Mayor delivers a state of the county report (usually in January) and a budget address (usually in July). The post of mayor is currently held by Carlos A. Giménez. The Miami-Dade County Attorney’s Office provides legal representation to all aspects of Miami-Dade County government, including the Mayor and the 13-member Board of County Commissioners, the Property Appraiser, 25 county departments

neg: Bend, Oregon Power since 1926 and still produces electricity that supplies approximately 200 Bend households. In 1916, Deschutes County, Oregon was formed from the western half of Crook County and Bend was designated as the county seat. In 1929, Bend amended the charter and adopted the council-manager form of government. Bend sits on the boundary of the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills, a Level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and California, and the Deschutes River Valley, a Level IV ecoregion within the Blue Mountains Level III ecoregion. The Deschutes

neg: Local government in California California also uses grand juries, with at least one per county. These county-level grand juries are often called "civil grand juries" because their primary focus is on oversight of government institutions at the county level and lower. They meet at least once per year. On January 4, 1850, the California constitutional committee recommended the formation of 18 counties. They were Benicia, Butte, Fremont, Los Angeles, Mariposa, Monterey, Mount Diablo, Oro, Redding, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Jose, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Sonoma, and Sutter. On April 22, the counties of Branciforte, Calaveras, Coloma, Colusi, Marin, Mendocino,

neg: Government of Kenya The government was formed in 1963. However, Kenya didn't become a republic until 1964. Initially, the head of government was the Prime Minister who was Jomo Kenyatta. He later on became the President of Kenya. The current structure of government allows power to be held on two levels: the national level and the county level. This allows the Counties of Kenya a form of autonomy. Before the 2013 elections Kenya was under a central government with 8 provinces. The country is a representative democracy legislatively, and a direct democracy in the election of its president, who is leader of the

neg: Rockingham County, New Hampshire 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over. Historically, Rockingham County has had the distinction of being a Republican stronghold, with only two Democratic presidential nominees having captured the county since 1964. However, in recent years, it has become more competitive. Republicans have typically remained dominant at the local level, but communities like Portsmouth and Exeter have been known for their liberal voting patterns. The executive power of Rockingham County's government is held by three county commissioners, each representing one of the three commissioner

neg: Centerville, Butte County, California first postmaster, and operated from 1880 to 1913. Centerville Cemetery is located less than a mile northeast at (NAD27). Centerville Power Plant is a small hydroelectric power plant in the community. When the plant is in operation, the volume of water in the creek goes up. Signs downstream along Butte Creek warn that the water level can rise suddenly without warning. The facility was built about 1900 and generates electricity using water facilities that once supplied a hydraulic mine during California's Gold Rush. Centerville, Butte County, California Centerville is an unincorporated community in Butte County, California along Butte Creek. It

neg: Robert Hertzberg data and make the inventories publicly available under the California Public Records Act. Specifically, SB 272 requires California local government agencies at the city and county level to inventory the information they collect and make the inventories accessible to the public. These inventories include who maintains the information and how often that data is collected. The goal for SB 272 is to better harness the power of locally generated data to help spur economic growth, tackle major infrastructure issues and set millions of Californians on a path toward upward mobility. Properly gathered and clearly understood, data could also help empower

neg: Grand juries in the United States a single state. The California constitution requires each county to have at least one grand jury impaneled at all times. Grand juries are governed by Title 4 and Title 5 of the California Penal Code, as well as Government Code 3060 and other more general provisions. In addition, grand juries are not subject to the Brown Act. Most county grand juries in California do not consider criminal matters. A decision to present criminal cases to the grand jury may be made by the county District Attorney, but it is neither a constitutional nor a statutory requirement. These county-level grand juries

neg: California Valley, California largest solar power contracts for Pacific Gas & Electric Company, which is under state mandate to increase its supply of renewable electricity to 33 percent by 2020. California Valley, California California Valley is an unincorporated community located in the eastern part of San Luis Obispo County, California, in the northern portion of the Carrizo Plain. Located (all mileage is driving distances) California Valley is located at approximately 35.32° North, 120.01° West. The zoned area of the valley is 24,083 acres (97.5 square kilometers) and it is approximately 1,970 feet (600m) above sea level. The valley is very nearly flat, bordered

neg: Sub-prefectural city Sub-prefectural city A sub-prefectural municipality (), sub-prefectural city, or vice-prefectural municipality, is an unofficial designation for a type of administrative division of China. A sub-prefectural city is officially considered to be a county-level city, but it has more power "de facto" because the cadres assigned to its government are one half-level higher in rank than those of an "ordinary" county-level city—though still lower than those of a prefecture-level city. While county-level cities are under the administrative jurisdiction of prefecture-level divisions, sub-prefectural cities are often (but not always) administered directly by the provincial government, with no intervening prefecture level administration. Examples

neg: Old Lake County Courthouse (Lakeport, California) Old Lake County Courthouse (Lakeport, California) The Old Lake County Courthouse, also known as Lake County Courthouse, in Lakeport, California is a building built in 1870. It served Lake County as a seat of government from 1871 until 1968. Precedent-setting trials on water rights were held here, along with the "White Cap" murder trial, a notorious episode in vigilantism held here in 1890. This brick courthouse, constructed by A.P. Pettit in 1870–71, was one of the few buildings in the vicinity to survive the 1906 San Francisco earthquake with only minor damage. It is now California Historical Landmark #897 and

neg: Political divisions of the United States functions of counties in other states. In California, by contrast, the pertinent statutes of the Government Code clarify that "town" is simply another word for "city", especially a general law city as distinct from a charter city. Also, in some states, large areas have no general-purpose local government below the county level. Some townships or other minor civil divisions have governments and political power; others are simply geographic designations. Townships in many states are generally the product of the Public Land Survey System. For more information, see survey township and civil township. There are approximately 30,000 incorporated cities in the

neg: Consolidated city-county (GRTA) is a true government agency of the state of Georgia, and does control some state transportation monies to the cities and counties, but otherwise has very little authority beyond this small power of the purse. The case of New York City is unique, in that the city consists of five boroughs, each of which is co-extensive with a county. Each borough, being coterminous with a county, has its own district attorney; however, county-level government is essentially non-existent as all executive and legislative power is exercised by the city government throughout the five boroughs. The city, as currently constituted, was

neg: Ningxia in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Ningxia. However, in the Autonomous Region's dual party-government governing system, the Chairman has less power than the Communist Party of China Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Ningxia CPC Party Chief". Ningxia has a friendship agreement with Sogn og Fjordane county of Norway. Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities: The five prefecture-level divisions of Ningxia are subdivided into 22 county-level divisions (9 districts, 2 county-level cities, and 11

neg: Regional ethnic autonomy system of China like Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965 and the latest Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in 2003. Ethnic Autonomy Region were generally established in areas where more than 20% of the population is ethnic minority people. The autonomous government body are People's Congress and People's Government. As other Chinese political power structure. The real governmental power lies flexibly between Party's Commission and People's Government. The administrative level of autonomous government body is principally decided by the population and area of the region. Autonomous regions is the highest level of administrative body in China, with the same status of a province, followed by

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 (Local Initiative Power) the requirement applicable to statewide statutory initiatives. The specific maximum signature requirement under Proposition 218 is five percent (5%) of the votes cast for all candidates for Governor at the last gubernatorial election within the territory of the local government. Data needed to compute the applicable signature requirement for a local government with respect to the exercise of the local initiative power under Proposition 218 (total number of gubernatorial election votes) is generally available from local county registrars of voters. The Supplement to the Statement of Vote published by the California Secretary of State also contains data needed to calculate

neg: Superior Court of California County of Sacramento probate cases Small claims, traffic, and unlawful detainer cases Juvenile cases Criminal cases Pursuant to California Government Code § 68070 and the Judicial Council California Rules of Court § 10.613, the Sacramento County Superior Court has adopted Local Rules for its government and the government of its officers. There are several officers of the court, including judges, jurors, commissioners, prosecutors, defense attorneys, clerks, bailiffs, and court reporters. The current judges are: A commissioner is a subordinate judicial officer elected by the judges of the Court and given the power to hear and make decisions in certain kinds of legal matters,

neg: High Desert State Prison (California) High Desert State Prison (California) High Desert State Prison (HDSP) is a high-security state prison that houses level IV inmates located in Susanville, Lassen County, California. Opened in 1995, it has a capacity of 2,324 persons; in May 2017 it held 3,788 inmates. Also located in Susanville is the state California Correctional Center, a minimum-security prison. A third prison facility, the Federal Correctional Institution, Herlong, is also located within Lassen County, California. Half the adult population of Susanville works at these prisons. The prisons and their effects on the community, including as a source of much needed jobs, were explored

neg: Petrolia, California located "off the grid" and relies on solar or alternative forms of power, or none at all. The George Lindley Bridge in Petrolia was named after a county supervisor of the 1950s who was a longtime foreman of the county road crew in the Mattole. Mr. Lindley was a big believer in local government, and his favorite expression was reputed to be "Mattole Against the World!" In the state legislature, Petrolia is in , and . Federally, Petrolia is in . Petrolia, California Petrolia (formerly, New Jerusalem and Petrolea) is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California, southeast of Cape

neg: 2018 Orange County, California District Attorney election 2018 Orange County, California District Attorney election The 2018 Orange, County, California District Attorney election took place on June 5, 2018, to elect the Orange County, California District Attorney. County-level elections in California are officially nonpartisan. Because no candidate received a majority, a runoff will be held on November 6, 2018. Incumbent District Attorney Tony Rackauckas is running for a sixth term. Rackauckas was re-elected in 2014 with 73% of the vote in 2014. In July 2017, Orange County Supervisor Todd Spitzer declared that he will challenge Rackauckas due to scandals within the Orange County District Attorney's office. In May

neg: Economy of California of California is in practice the responsibility of city, county and school governments. All these different governments have their own sources of tax revenue and fees; making a complicated mix of taxes, fees, transfers and responsibilities. Most taxes are collected by the state and then redistributed to the different government branches. Many fees are collected at the city and county level. According to the U.S. Census, the federal Internal Revenue Service collected in California in 2012 $292.563 billion. This included federal income & payroll ($193.489 bn), excise ($3.227 bn), corporate income ($37.181 bn), gift ($0.288 bn), estate ($2.590 bn), unemployment

neg: Town-level city Town-level city Town-level city () is a proposed pilot designation for a type of administrative division of China. A town-level city is officially considered to be a town, but it has more power "de facto" because the cadres assigned to its government are one half-level higher in rank than those of an "ordinary" town—though still lower than those of a county-level city. In order to be designated as a town-level city a town must have the minimum population of 100 thousand (except for Western China and Northeast China) and cannot be a county-level division administrative seat of government also cannot

neg: County where strong government at the town level has historically existed since the area was settled, the township is generally subordinate to the county, which is generally subordinate to the state. In Virginia, however, all cities are independent and report directly to the commonwealth government; but notwithstanding they are not part of the county, they might operate as a county seat (e.g. the Independent City of Fairfax is the seat of Fairfax County, though it is not legally within Fairfax County). California has abolished its townships, though many general law cities continue to use the word "Town" as part of their

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 the November 1996 election, a high level official from the California State Association of Counties wrote that Proposition 218 "profoundly changes the way California is governed" and "may prove to be the most revolutionary act in the history of California." The author of an article in a League of California Cities publication wrote the following about the passage of Proposition 218: "Voters now hold the power to direct or withdraw monetary resources for government functions. Motivated by distrust, the voters' objective was to replace reliance on elected representatives with direct voter control over local government finances." Joel Fox, president of

neg: State Board of Equalization (California) the 1930s, California's state government was almost completely supported by property taxes, which were and still are assessed at the county level by elected tax assessors. Assessors were tempted to boost their popularity with county voters by undervaluing voters' property (and thereby lowering their taxes). This presented the risk of counties with honest assessors paying more than their fair share of the burden of operating the state government, so the Board of Equalization was created to equalize the burden. The California Franchise Tax Board and the Employment Development Department are separately also responsible for collecting taxes. Some have criticized this

neg: Los Angeles County, California Los Angeles County, California Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles (), is the most populous county in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California in the United States, with more than 10 million inhabitants . As such, it is the largest non-state level government entity in the United States. Its population is larger than that of 41 individual U.S. states. It is the third-largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a Nominal GDP of over $700 billion — larger than the GDPs of Belgium, Saudi Arabia, Norway and Taiwan. It has 88 incorporated

neg: Big Creek, California Big Creek, California Big Creek (Big Creek Flats in the 1870s; Manzanita Park in 1902; until 1926, Cascada) is a small census-designated place in Fresno County, California, located in the Sierra Nevada on the north bank of Big Creek. It lies at an elevation of above sea level. Its population is 175. The ZIP code is 93605, and the community is inside area code 559. Big Creek was built at the site of the first dam and power plant of Southern California Edison's Big Creek Hydroelectric Project, one of the most extensive in the world. Other than the private helipad

neg: Big Creek, California the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 128 people (73.1%) lived in rental housing units. Big Creek, California Big Creek (Big Creek Flats in the 1870s; Manzanita Park in 1902; until 1926, Cascada) is a small census-designated place in Fresno County, California, located in the Sierra Nevada on the north bank of Big Creek. It lies at an elevation of above sea level. Its population is 175. The ZIP code is 93605, and the community is inside area code 559. Big Creek was built at the site of the first dam and power plant of Southern California Edison's Big

neg: Kings Mountain, California lunch, food and drinks are served at the Fair, also to fund the fire department and the school. There are free shuttles up and down Skyline Blvd. to ease the parking problems. The first Kings Mountain Art Fair was held in 1963, and the Fair is organized and run entirely by volunteers from the Kings Mountain community. The fair is consistently ranked among the best in California. The community is encircled by government reservations. The San Francisco Peninsula Watershed, owned by the City and County of San Francisco, is north. East of the community is Huddart County Park and the

neg: Solar power in California number of "world's largest" solar facilities, many of which are located in the Mojave Desert. In 1991, the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems plant (located in San Bernardino County, California) held the title until being bested by the 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System, a solar thermal plant located in San Bernardino County near the Nevada border. The early to mid 2010s saw the sharpest increase in solar development. By the end of 2013, California had 490 MW of concentrated solar power and 5,183 MW of photovoltaics capacity in operation. In 2014, the 550 MW Topaz Solar Farm

neg:
City of Industry, California Luis Obispo,
author of “City of Industry: Genealogies of Power In Southern California,”
The Sacramento Bee. July 11, 2015 In the California State Legislature, Industry is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Industry is split between and . The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department operates the Industry Station in Industry. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pomona Health Center in Pomona, serving Industry. City of Industry's City Council members, composed of five members, are elected at large and the elections are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in

neg: Orange County LAFCO California county. The legal authority and mandate for Orange County LAFCO, like all LAFCOs in California, are defined by the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 (Government Code Section 56000 et seq). Orange County LAFCO’s determinations involving the boundaries of cities and special districts can range from simple to complex actions. The power of LAFCOs to regulate local boundaries includes nine types of boundary changes: Orange County LAFCO consists of an 11-member Commission, seven regular members and four alternate members. The regular members of the Commission consist of two members from the Orange County Board of Supervisors representing the

neg: Elections in Taiwan Elections in Taiwan Elections in Taiwan are held on national and local level. On the national level, the head of state, the President, and members of the national legislature, the Legislative Yuan, are elected directly by citizens of Taiwan. National elections are held every four years. Local self-government bodies including special municipalities, counties, cities, townships, county-administered cities, indigenous districts and villages have their own elections. The heads as well as legislators of the self-government bodies are all directly elected by citizens who have registered their residency in the respective territory. Local elections are held every four years at intervals between

neg: Fossil fuel phase-out is a 550 MW solar power plant under construction in Riverside County, California, that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, being built in San Luis Obispo County, California. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The Agua Caliente Solar Project is a 290 megawatt photovoltaic solar generating facility being built in Yuma County, Arizona. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower

neg: Sky Londa, California Sky Londa, California Sky Londa is an unincorporated mountain community in San Mateo County, California located at the intersection of State Route 84 (La Honda Road) and State Route 35 (Skyline Boulevard). The community is inside area code 650 and ZIP code 94062. Atop the coastal range west of Woodside, the community's official elevation is 1,520 feet (463 m) above mean sea level (AMSL). While "Sky Londa" is the spelling approved by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names, a frequently used state government variant spelling is Skylonda. The variant spelling is used on a Caltrans sign for southbound SR35 north

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 (Local Initiative Power) utility fee increase. The local initiative power under Proposition 218 is designed to address such matters involving prior decisions made by the governing body of the local government relating to the approval of controversial local levies. The California Secretary of State has released a publication on the procedures for recalling local elected officials in California. Even if a recall is not actually pursued, the approval of one or more controversial levies by local elected officials is a matter for which those elected officials can be held politically accountable during subsequent elections for members of the governing body. This is especially

neg: Romania municipality of Bucharest. Each county is administered by a county council, responsible for local affairs, as well as a prefect responsible for the administration of national affairs at the county level. The prefect is appointed by the central government but cannot be a member of any political party. Each county is further subdivided into cities and communes, which have their own mayor and local council. There are a total of 320 cities and 2,861 communes in Romania. A total of 103 of the larger cities have municipality statuses, which gives them greater administrative power over local affairs. The municipality of

neg: Leitrim County Council Leitrim County Council Leitrim County Council () is the authority responsible for local government in County Leitrim, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 18 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (Chairperson). The county administration is headed by a Chief Executive, Lar Power. The county town is Carrick-on-Shannon. After the results of

neg: Government of Sacramento County, California of Directors composed of members of the Sacramento, Elk Grove, Citrus Heights, Rancho Cordova, and Folsom City Councils as well as members of the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors. Electricity for the county is provided by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District. The district is governed by a seven-member Board of Directors, and each member is elected by residents in a "ward" or constituency for four-year terms. Government of Sacramento County, California The Government of Sacramento County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento. Much of the government of California

neg: Brown Act Brown Act The Ralph M. Brown Act, located at California Government Code 54950 "et seq.", is an act of the California State Legislature, authored by Assemblymember Ralph M. Brown and passed in 1953, that guarantees the public's right to attend and participate in meetings of local legislative bodies. The Brown Act, originally a 686 word statute that has grown substantially over the years, was enacted in response to mounting public concerns over informal, undisclosed meetings held by local elected officials. City councils, county boards, and other local government bodies were avoiding public scrutiny by holding secret "workshops" and "study sessions."

neg: Kern County, California hydro-electric power, solar power, and wind power. Kern County is a hub of various power sources. Kern is also noted for its mineral wealth, including gold, borate, and kernite. The largest open pit mine in California, which mines borax, is at Boron in Kern County. As of October 1, 2016, Kern County contains nearly 25% of California's in-state renewable energy production, including 1,785 MW of solar power and 3,310 MW of wind power. Edwards Air Force Base is a facility located in Kern County east of Rosamond. It is the home of the Air Force Test Center, Air Force Test

neg: Government of Los Angeles County charter was proposed by the Los Angeles County Board of Freeholders on , ratified by the electorate on , filed with the California Secretary of State on , and became effective . It was the first local government to be granted Home Rule in the United States since the 1911 Home Rule Amendment was added to the Constitution of California. Government of Los Angeles County The Government of Los Angeles County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Los Angeles. Much of the Government of California is in practice the

neg: Harold Quinton of Management and Organization at the Marshall School of Business of the University of Southern California was named in his honor; it is held by Professor Paul Adler. Harold Quinton Harold Quinton (c. 1899–1969) was an American business executive. He served as the president, chief executive officer and chairman of Southern California Edison in the 1950s and 1960s. During his tenure, he oversaw the construction of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in San Diego County, California, and he planned the construction of the Mohave Power Station in Laughlin, Nevada. Harold Quinton was born in Topeka, Kansas circa 1899. He

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 (Local Initiative Power) because federal contract impairment issues may preclude the exercise of the local initiative power. Advice from legal counsel is typically needed in such situations. The California Supreme Court in 2017 held that a local fee on the extraction of groundwater was generally no longer a property-related fee under Proposition 218. A local initiative under Proposition 218 can be used to reduce or repeal a groundwater fee approved by a local government even though such a fee is no longer subject to constitutional protections applicable to property-related fees. When voters approve a local general obligation bond measure in California, the bonds

neg: Glomfjord power plant German-held power plant. Glomfjord power plant Glomfjord power plant is a 6×20 MW hydroelectric power plant in Glomfjord in the municipality of Meløy in Nordland county, Norway. It gets its water from Nedre Navervatn lake which is located about 465 meters above sea level, but there are plans to start taking water from Fykanvatn lake as well. The outlet of the plant is Glomfjorden (the Norwegian Sea). The plant is currently owned by Statkraft. The power plant was built in 1918 to a design by the architect Olaf Nordhagen. In 1942, during the Second World War, an Anglo-Norwegian raid, Operation

neg: California Flats Solar Project California Flats Solar Project The California Flats Solar Project is a 280 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station under construction in the Cholame Hills area of southeastern Monterey County, California, near the San Luis Obispo, Kings, and Fresno County borders in Central California. The project is owned by California Flats Solar LLC, a subsidiary of First Solar. It will use thin-film technology manufactured by First Solar. The project began construction in 2016 and is expected to be online by 2018. The plant has two power purchase agreements; Apple Inc. is buying 130 MW to power its California operations, and Pacific Gas

neg: Local government further divided into 98 municipalities ("kommuner"). Elections for the municipalities are held on the third Tuesday of November every four years. Estonia is divided into fifteen counties (), each led by a county governor ("maavanem"), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the government, and so the regions do not have full self-government. The regions are further divided into 227 municipalities ("omavalitsus"), and each municipality is a unit of self-government with its representative and executive bodies. The most important administrative layer of local government in Finland are the 311 municipalities, which may also call

neg: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic union in 1922 till its dissolution in 1991. All of the political power and authority in the USSR was in the hands of Communist Party authorities, with little real power being concentrated in official government bodies and organs. In such a system, lower-level authorities directly reported to higher level authorities and so on, with the bulk of the power being held at the highest echelons of the Communist Party. Originally, the legislative authority was vested in the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine that for many years was headed by Grigoriy Petrovsky. Soon after publishing the Stalin Constitution, the Central Executive

neg: Alpine County, California population increased to the present level. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of , of which is land and (0.7%) is water. The federal government owns about 96% of Alpine County, the highest percentage in California. The 2010 United States Census reported that Alpine County had a population of 1,175. The racial makeup of Alpine County was 881 (75.0%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 240 (20.4%) Native American, 7 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 19 (1.6%) from other races, and 28 (2.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were

neg: Tillington, West Sussex replacement councillors were co-opted. The next higher level of government is the district council. The parish of Tillington lies within the Petworth ward of Chichester District Council which returns two members to the district council. In parallel with the district is West Sussex County Council, with responsibility for Education, Libraries, Social Services, Civil Registration, Trading Standards and Transport. Elections for the County Council are held every four years. The UK Parliament constituency for Tillington is Arundel and South Downs. The Conservative Nick Herbert is the serving MP. At European level, Tillington is represented by the South-East region, which holds ten

neg: Old Hilltown, California Historical Landmark #560. At the county level, Old Hilltown is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter. In the California State Senate, Old Hilltown is split between , and . In the California State Assembly, it is split between , and . In the United States House of Representatives, Hilltown is in Old Hilltown, California Old Hilltown (formerly, Hill Town) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on the north side of the Salinas River south-southwest of Salinas on California State Route 68, at an elevation of 46 feet (14 m),

neg: Pesticide regulation in the United States the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), which is within the California Environmental Protection Agency. California controls applicator licensing and pesticide registration at the state level. Enforcement and compliance of pesticide regulations occurs at the county level by the County Agricultural Commission (CAC). In 2015, the DPR set regulation of the pesticide chloropicrin higher than the EPA. California farmers are limited to an application of chloropicrin on forty acres per day. The pesticide has caused coughing fits, irritated eyes, and headaches. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation is the state agency that regulates pesticides and is responsible for

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 be obtained directly from the local government itself. In some instances, it may be necessary to make a written request for performance data under the California Public Records Act. It is generally preferable to obtain the performance data in electronic format to facilitate further study and analysis. The California Secretary of State also provides a tool (known as Power Search) for searching campaign contribution data reported to the Secretary of State under the California Political Reform Act. Only electronically reported, state-level campaign data are generally provided. However, some contributions in local government elections, including tax elections under Proposition 218, are

neg: Palmiro Togliatti communist party in Europe. Although permanently in the opposition at the national level during Togliatti's lifetime, the party ran many municipalities and held great power at the local and regional level in certain areas. In 1953, he fought against the so-called "cheat or swindle law", an electoral legislation passed by the Christian Democracy-led majority of the time, which aimed at using first past the post to augment the center-right's power. Ultimately, the law was to prove of no use for the government in the elections of that year, where Togliatti's PCI won 22.6% of the vote. It was repealed in

neg: East Whittier, California in the CDP was $51,440, and the median income for a family was $59,063. Males had a median income of $46,395 versus $31,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,613. About 4.3% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over. In the California State Legislature, East Whittier is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, East Whittier is in . The community is represented at the local government level by county Board

neg: Corral de Tierra, California Corral de Tierra, California Corral de Tierra is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located in the Corral de Tierra Valley, on the former land grant of Corral de Tierra, at an elevation of 404 feet (123 m). At the county level, Corral de Tierra is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Mary Adams. In the California State Senate, Corral de Tierra is in . In the California State Assembly, it is split between , and . In the United States House of Representatives, Corral de Tierra is in The community of Corral

neg: Energy in California emission laws, only one coal-fired power plant still operates in California, the 63 MW Argus Cogeneration plant in San Bernardino County. California leads the nation in electricity generation from non-hydroelectric renewable energy sources, including geothermal power, wind power, and solar power. California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States. The state is required to obtain at least 33% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2020, and 50% by 2030, excluding large hydro. Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built

neg: Dallington, East Sussex They also provide a voice into the district council meetings. The parish council comprises five councillors with elections being held every four years. Rother District council provides the next level of government with services such as refuse collection, planning consent, leisure amenities and council tax collection. Dallington lies within the Darwell ward, which provides two councillors. East Sussex county council is the third tier of government, providing education, libraries and highway maintenance. Brightling falls within the Rother North West ward. The UK Parliament constituency for Dallington is Bexhill and Battle. At European level, Dallington is represented by the South-East region,

neg: Community Choice Aggregation the opt out choices. On the political level, local government can be opposed by groups and organizations. An example of this is when the IOU Pacific Gas and Electric Company opposed the creation of CCA by supporting California Proposition 16 in 2010, which would had made it difficult for California to implement CCAs across the state. Another utility provider who took action was San Diego Gas & Electric who attempted to stop local government from implementing Community choice aggregation programs. SDG&E created a separate entity, that would allow them to lobby against CCAs in San Diego County. Other issues that

neg: Tassajara Hot Springs, California drying". At the county level, Tassajara Hot Springs is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter. In the California State Legislature, Tassajara Hot Springs is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Tassajara Hot Springs is in Tassajara Hot Springs, California Tassajara Hot Springs (formerly, Tassajara) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, located east-northeast of Partington Point, at an elevation of 1637 feet (499 m). The Tassajara post office operated from 1892 to 1894 followed by the Tassajara Hot Springs Post Office, which was open from 1912 until

neg: California State Prison, Corcoran significant controversy, as inmate advocates reported that fellow prisoners had heard Sell asking for medical attention for several days before his eventual suicide. His suicide triggered reviews of the circumstances behind his death at the local, state, and federal level; with Amnesty International calling for an independent inquiry into his death, one without ties to the government. The prison's most infamous inmates include: California State Prison, Corcoran California State Prison, Corcoran (COR) is a male-only state prison located in the city of Corcoran, in Kings County, California. It is also known as Corcoran State Prison, CSP-C, CSP-COR, CSP-Corcoran, and Corcoran

neg: Lhasa River which they responded promptly. The site was often visited by members of the Tibetan government, who would give out silk scarves, and rewards were distributed to the workers. The total hydropower potential of the river basin is 2,560,000 kW. 83 medium and small hydroelectric plants had been built by 1989, delivering a total of 26,124 kW. Construction of the Zhikong Hydro Power Station in Maizhokunggar County began in May 2003. The reservoir is at an elevation of above sea level. The project cost 1.37 billion yuan. The dam impounds of water. The 100 MW power station came into operation in

neg: Renewable energy in the United States will have 800 MW of capacity upon completion. Solar Star is a 579 megawatt (MW) farm near Rosamond, California. Completed in June 2015, it uses 1.7 million solar panels, spread over . The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is a 550 MW solar power plant in Riverside County, California, that uses thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, in San Luis Obispo County, California. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 485 MW photovoltaic station planned for Riverside County, California. Many schools and businesses have building-integrated photovoltaic solar panels

neg: California Aqueduct conveying water to Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County; and the East Branch, connecting Silverwood Lake in San Bernardino County. The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct, including one pumped-storage hydroelectric plant, Gianelli Power Plant. Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms San Luis Reservoir, the largest offstream reservoir in the United States. The Castaic Power Plant, while similar and which is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, is located on the northern end of Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the

neg: Lake City, Nevada County, California of the world's first long-distance telephone line. By 1880, the population had dropped to 100. Lake City, Nevada County, California Lake City (originally Painesville) is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California, United States, east of North Columbia, California and west of North Bloomfield, California Lake City, near the South Yuba River, is located at 39.35861N, -120.94056W, and the elevation is above sea level. The town was settled in 1853 as a result of the California Gold Rush and subsequent hydraulic mining at Malakoff Diggins. Within four years, more than 300 people lived in town. A hotel was built in

neg: Attorney General of California four-year term, with a maximum of two terms. The election is held at the same statewide election as the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Controller, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Insurance Commissioner. According to the state Constitution, California Code of Civil Procedure, and the California Government Code, the Attorney General: Although the office of Attorney General dates to the admission of California to the Union, the office in its modern form dates to Proposition 4 of 1934, sponsored by Alameda County District Attorney Earl Warren as one of four initiatives he sponsored to substantially reform law enforcement and

neg: Carmel Highlands, California Many celebrities have homes and vacation homes in this area. The ZIP Code is 93923, and the community is inside area code 831. At the county level, Carmel Highlands is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter. In the California State Legislature, Carmel Highlands is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Carmel Highlands is in Carmel Highlands, California Carmel Highlands is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. It is south of Carmel-by-the-Sea (better known as simply, "Carmel"), at an elevation of 318 feet (97 m). Carmel

neg: 2011 Southwest blackout (afterwards, SDG&E built a second line, but this connects in the Imperial Valley and the Arizona section is still a single line). There is no connection at the 500 kV level between SDG&E and either Southern California Edison (SCE) or the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Rather, they were both connected to the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS). The Imperial Irrigation District (IID) has a 92 kV system connected to both. Five utilities were affected: SDG&E, serving San Diego County and parts of southern Orange County and Riverside County; Imperial Irrigation District, serving the Imperial Valley;

neg: Renewable energy commercialization County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of

neg: Rose Bird career was marked by several firsts: she was the first female law clerk in the Supreme Court of Nevada, the first female deputy public defender in Santa Clara County, the first woman to hold a cabinet-level job in California (as Secretary of Agriculture), the first female Chief Justice of California, and the first Chief Justice to be removed from the Supreme Court of California. In 1966, Bird joined the Santa Clara County Public Defender's Office where, between 1966 and 1974, she held the positions of deputy public defender, senior trial deputy, and chief of the appellate division. In addition to

neg: Lucia, California is loosely based on the Harlan clan that still operates the facilities. At the county level, Lucia is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter. In the California State Legislature, Lucia is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Lucia is in Lucia, California Lucia is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located east of Lopez Point, at an elevation of 354 feet (108 m). Lucia is one of the three small settlements of restaurants, and motels located along State Route 1 on the Big Sur coast.

neg: Local government in Connecticut the state government or to individual towns. By the time county governments were abolished by Public Act 152 in 1960, the only remaining responsibility of the county commissions was to oversee and maintain the county jails; those functions were transitioned to the state Department of Corrections or local police departments after the county commissions were disbanded. The dissolution of county governments in 1960 created an absence of a regionally-oriented governmental level, which created problems when it came to land use and infrastructure planning. Because the power once reserved for county governments was now in the hands of municipal administrations, major

neg: New Monterey, Monterey, California Smith. At the county level, Monterey is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by [Mary Adams (politician)|Supervisor Mary Adams]. In the California State Legislature, New Monterey is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, New Monterey is in . New Monterey, Monterey, California New Monterey is a former unincorporated community incorporated in Monterey in Monterey County, California. It is located north of the Presidio of Monterey, at an elevation of 56 feet (17 m). Monterey's famous Cannery Row is located in New Monterey neighborhood. The New Monterey post office operated from 1909 to

neg: Viljandi County is led by Governor (), who is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Currently the Governor position is held by Kalle Küttis. The county is subdivided into municipalities. There is 1 urban municipalities ( – towns) and 3 rural municipalities ( – parishes) in Viljandi County. Viljandi County Viljandi County () or Viljandimaa; (), is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties. Viljandimaa, under the German name of "Kreis Fellin", was an important centre of commerce and power in the Middle

neg: 1996 California Proposition 218 voter approval requirement. Special purpose districts or agencies, including school districts, have no power to levy general taxes and can only impose special taxes. This restriction is based on prior judicial interpretations of Proposition 13. As a practical matter, only a city or a county has the power to levy a majority vote general tax under Proposition 218. The voter approval requirement under Proposition 218 was unanimously upheld by a California appellate court in 1998. The voter approval requirement for taxes under Proposition 218 is triggered when a local government "imposes," "extends," or "increases" a tax. What constitutes a tax

neg: Highland Hospital (Oakland, California) Highland Hospital (Oakland, California) Highland Hospital is a public hospital in Alameda County, Oakland, California. It is operated by the Alameda Health System. It is the primary trauma center and a county hospital in Alameda County. It has been an adult Level I trauma center since August 3, 2017 and an adult Level II trauma center since 1985 and operates the most trafficked emergency department in the county. Highland Hospital is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and is also home to the UCSF East Bay Surgery Program. Their medical residency programs are among the most competitive

neg: Sefton Council held until the county council's abolition in 1986. Sefton Council was created by the local government reorganisation of 1974, which created a two-tier system of government in the United Kingdom. It was a metropolitan district of the metropolitan county of Merseyside. Until 1986, the five metropolitan borough councils of Merseyside shared power with the central Merseyside County Council, but this was later abolished and its functions devolved solely to its districts. As a result, the borough is effectively a unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Merseyside. Sefton Council is not directly responsible for transport, waste-disposal and emergency services -

neg: Bryson, California Bryson, California Bryson (originally, Sapaque) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located south-southeast of Jolon, at an elevation of 968 feet (295 m). The Bryson post office operated from 1887 to 1937, moving in 1889, 1898, 1899, 1905, and 1906. The place, originally called Sapaque, was renamed in honor of an early settler and store owner. At the county level, Bryson is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter. In the California State Legislature, Bryson is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Bryson is in