query: accommodation and aqueous production are a function of the

pos: Ciliary body travel through the ciliary ganglion. Postsynaptic fibers from the ciliary ganglion form the short ciliary nerves. Parasympathetic activation of the M3 muscarinic receptors causes ciliary muscle contraction, the effect of contraction is to decrease the diameter of the ring of ciliary muscle. The parasympathetic tone is dominant when a higher degree of accommodation of the lens is required, such as reading a book. The ciliary body is also known to receive sympathetic innervation via long ciliary nerves. When test subjects are startled, their eyes automatically adjust for distance vision. The ciliary body has three functions: accommodation, aqueous humor production and

pos: Pars plicata Pars plicata The pars plicata (Latin: folded portion) is the folded and most anterior portion of the ciliary body of an eye. The ciliary body is a part of the uvea, one of the three layers that comprise the eye. The pars plicata is located anterior to the pars plana portion of the ciliary body, and posterior to the iris. The lens zonules that are used to control accommodation are attached to the pars plicata. The pars plicata is the portion of the ciliary body that is responsible for producing aqueous humor, the fluid of the anterior chamber. The production

pos: Aqueous humour = 304 Aqueous humour is secreted into the posterior chamber by the ciliary body, specifically the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body (pars plicata). 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol, an enzyme inhibited by 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, may be involved in production of aqueous humour. Aqueous humour is continually produced by the ciliary processes and this rate of production must be balanced by an equal rate of aqueous humour drainage. Small variations in the production or outflow of aqueous humour will have a large influence on the intraocular pressure. The drainage route for aqueous humour flow is first through the posterior chamber, then the

pos: Uvea of the uveal tract as a unit are: In addition some uveal regions have special functions of great importance, including secretion of the aqueous humour by the ciliary processes, control of accommodation (focus) by the ciliary body, and optimisation of retinal illumination by the iris's control over the pupil. Many of these functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The pupil provides a visible example of the neural feedback control in the body. This is subserved by a balance between the antagonistic sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Informal pharmacological experiments have been performed

pos: Pars plicata of too much aqueous humor, or reabsorption that occurs too slowly, can lead to increases in the pressure within the eye. Pars plicata The pars plicata (Latin: folded portion) is the folded and most anterior portion of the ciliary body of an eye. The ciliary body is a part of the uvea, one of the three layers that comprise the eye. The pars plicata is located anterior to the pars plana portion of the ciliary body, and posterior to the iris. The lens zonules that are used to control accommodation are attached to the pars plicata. The pars plicata is

pos: Canine glaucoma medically, although sometimes surgery is required. As the cause of primary glaucoma is often unknown, medical treatment is usually aimed at reducing the main sign of glaucoma (raised intraocular pressure) rather than at treating the cause of the disease. The aim of surgery in dogs with glaucoma is to reduce intraocular pressure. This is achieved by reducing aqueous humor production, or by improving drainage of aqueous humor from the eye. Laser surgery is often performed to selectively destroy the tissue, ciliary body, in an effort to reduce aqueous fluid production. Laser surgery can also be combined with placement of a

neg: Electrodialysis dilute ED cell outlet concentration, mol/L formula_8 = number of cell pairs formula_9 = current, Amps. Current efficiency is generally a function of feed concentration. In application, electrodialysis systems can be operated as continuous production or batch production processes. In a continuous process, feed is passed through a sufficient number of stacks placed in series to produce the final desired product quality. In batch processes, the diluate and/or concentrate streams are re-circulated through the electrodialysis systems until the final product or concentrate quality is achieved. Electrodialysis is usually applied to deionization of aqueous solutions. However, desalting of sparingly conductive aqueous

neg: Ciliary body resorption, and maintenance of the lens zonules for the purpose of anchoring the lens in place. Accommodation essentially means that when the ciliary muscle contracts, the lens becomes more convex, generally improving the focus for closer objects. When it relaxes, it flattens the lens, generally improving the focus for farther objects. The ciliary epithelium of the ciliary processes produces aqueous humor, which is responsible for providing oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste removal to the lens and the cornea, which do not have their own blood supply. Eighty percent of aqueous humor production is carried out through active secretion mechanisms (the

neg: Glaucoma "closed-angle glaucoma", "primary angle-closure glaucoma", "acute glaucoma") the iris bows forward and causes physical contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork, which blocks the outflow of aqueous humor from within the eye. This contact may gradually damage the draining function of the meshwork until it fails to keep pace with aqueous production, and the intraocular pressure rises. The onset of symptoms is sudden and causes pain and other symptoms that are noticeable; it is treated as a medical emergency. Unlike open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma is a result of the angle between the iris and cornea closing. This tends to occur

neg: Cryoprotectant a solution or of a material. In this way, the cryoprotectant prevents actual freezing, and the solution maintains some flexibility in a glassy phase. Many cryoprotectants also function by forming hydrogen bonds with biological molecules as water molecules are displaced. Hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions is important for proper protein and DNA function. Thus, as the cryoprotectant replaces the water molecules, the biological material retains its native physiological structure and function, although they are no longer immersed in an aqueous environment. This preservation strategy is most often utilized in anhydrobiosis. Mixtures of cryoprotectants have less toxicity and are more effective

neg: Aqueous homogeneous reactor them is lower than the allowable limits by 2–4 orders of magnitude. Among the radioactive medical isotopes, Mo-99 and Sr-89 are widespread. The first one is a raw material for production of technetium-99m, a radiopharmaceutical preparation for diagnostics of oncological, cardiological, and urological, and other diseases. More than 6 million people are examined with this isotope each year in Europe. The ability to extract medical isotopes directly from in-line fuel has sparked renewed interest in aqueous homogeneous reactors based on this design. Babcock & Wilcox has proposed an aqueous homogeneous reactor for Tc-99m production. The use of an aqueous homogeneous

neg: Bioenergetics major triumphs of bioenergetics is Peter D. Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory of how protons in aqueous solution function in the production of ATP in cell organelles such as mitochondria. This work earned Mitchell the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Other cellular sources of ATP such as glycolysis were understood first, but such processes for direct coupling of enzyme activity to ATP production are not the major source of useful chemical energy in most cells. Chemiosmotic coupling is the major energy producing process in most cells, being utilized in chloroplasts and several single celled organisms in addition to mitochondria. Energy homeostasis is

neg: Glaucoma Several theories exist on its exact etiology. However, the major risk factor for most glaucomas and the focus of treatment is increased intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is a function of production of liquid aqueous humor by the ciliary processes of the eye, and its drainage through the trabecular meshwork. Aqueous humor flows from the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber, bounded posteriorly by the lens and the zonules of Zinn, and anteriorly by the iris. It then flows through the pupil of the iris into the anterior chamber, bounded posteriorly by the iris and anteriorly by the cornea. From here,

neg: Cyclospasm Cyclospasm Cyclospasm is the contraction of the ciliary muscle in the eye, in the accommodation of focus for near vision. Cyclospasm may also exert tensions on the trabecular meshwork, opening the pores and facilitating outflow of the aqueous humour into the canal of Schlemm. The increase in aqueous humour outflow is desirable for patients with glaucoma. Symptoms are the same as in the case of Myopia. Some of the most common symptoms are: tiredness of the eyes while looking at close objects, eye ache, headache. Primary reasons is eye fatigue as a result of excessive pressure on the eyes because

neg: Glaucoma given to sex, race, history of drug use, refraction, inheritance and family history. Glaucoma has been classified into specific types: Primary glaucoma (H40.1-H40.2) Variants of primary glaucoma Primary angle closure glaucoma is caused by contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork, which in turn obstructs outflow of the aqueous humor from the eye. This contact between iris and trabecular meshwork (TM) may gradually damage the function of the meshwork until it fails to keep pace with aqueous production, and the pressure rises. In over half of all cases, prolonged contact between iris and TM causes the formation of synechiae (effectively

neg: Alpha-adrenergic agonist neurons, are used in the treatment of glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous fluid by the ciliary bodies of the eye and also by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Medications such as clonidine target pre-synaptic auto receptors, therefore leading to an overall of decrease in norepinephrine. Alpha-adrenergic agonist Adrenergic alpha-agonists (or alpha-adrenergic agonists) are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses α and α. Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. α Adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and

neg: Aqueous homogeneous reactor nuclear fission reactor for the simultaneous hydrogen production by water radiolysis and process heat production was examined at the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor in 1975. Several small research projects continue this line of inquiry in Europe. Atomics International designed and built a range of low power (5 to 50,000 watts thermal) nuclear reactors for research, training, and isotope production purposes. One reactor model, the L-54, was purchased and installed by a number of United States universities and foreign research institutions, including Japan. Aqueous homogeneous reactor Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHR) are a type of nuclear reactor in which soluble

neg: Ionic partition diagram Ionic partition diagram Similar to Pourbaix's diagram for the speciation of redox species as a function of the redox potential and the pH, ionic partition diagrams indicate in which an acid or a base are predominantly present in a biphasic system as a function of the Galvani potential difference between the two phases and the pH of the aqueous solution Ionic partition diagram of an hydrophilic acid AH in a biphasic water/organic solvent system. At a high aqueous pH, the acid is in the anionic form and can exist in both phases according to the Galvani potential difference. The Nernst

neg: Microbial enhanced oil recovery local equilibrium, breakdown of filtration theory and physical straining. Such models are so far simplistic and they were developed based on: (A) Fundamental conservation laws, cellular growth, retention kinetics of biomass, and biomass in oil and aqueous phases. The main aim was to predict porosity retention as a function of distance and time. (B) Filtration model to express bacterial transport as a function of pore size; and relate permeability with the rate of microbial penetration by applying Darcy’s law. Chemical kinetics is fundamental for coupling bioproduct formation to fluxes of aqueous species and suspended microbes. Fully numerical approaches have also

neg: Electrophoretic deposition any electrically conductive surface. The materials which are being deposited are the major determining factor in the actual processing conditions and equipment which may be used. Due to the wide utilization of electrophoretic painting processes in many industries, aqueous EPD is the most common commercially used EPD process. However, non-aqueous electrophoretic deposition applications are known. Applications of non-aqueous EPD are currently being explored for use in the fabrication of electronic components and the production of ceramic coatings. Non-aqueous processes have the advantage of avoiding the electrolysis of water and the oxygen evolution which accompanies electrolysis. This process is industrially used

neg: Aqueous lithium-ion battery cycles to 500 to 1000 cycles, allowing them to feasibly compete against other types of batteries that have a higher energy density. In addition, issues relating to the manufacturing of the protective HFE coating would need to be resolved before the batteries can be scaled up in production for commercial use. Aqueous lithium-ion battery An aqueous lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a lithium-ion battery that uses a concentrated saline solution as an electrolyte to facilitate the transfer of lithium ions between electrodes and induce an electrical current. In contrast to non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries, aqueous Li-ion batteries are nonflammable and do not

neg: Aqueous two-phase system crude cell extracts or other mixtures. Most often, this technique is employed in enzyme technology during industrial or laboratory production of enzymes. Specificity may be further increased by tagging ligands specific to the desired enzyme, onto the polymer. This results in a preferential binding of the enzyme to the polymer, increasing the effectiveness of the extraction. One major disadvantage, however, is the cost of materials involved, namely high-purity dextrans employed for the purpose. However, other low-cost alternatives such as less refined dextrans, hydroxypropyl starch derivatives and high-salt solutions are also available. Aqueous two-phase system Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous

neg: Aqueous homogeneous reactor isotope production are being developed at the Kurchatov Institute in Russia, on the base of the ARGUS reactor – an aqueous homogeneous minireactor. This reactor, with 20 kW thermal output power, has been in operation since 1981 and has shown high indices of efficiency and safety. A feasibility study to develop techniques for strontium-89 and molybdenum-99 production in this reactor are currently underway. An analysis of the isotopes produced, performed at the National Institute of Radioactive Elements in Belgium, has shown that the Mo-99 samples produced at ARGUS are characterized by an extreme radiochemical purity, i.e. the impurity content in

neg: Emulsion thin-layer spills of flammable liquids (class B fires). Such agents encapsulate the fuel in a fuel-water emulsion, thereby trapping the flammable vapors in the water phase. This emulsion is achieved by applying an aqueous surfactant solution to the fuel through a high-pressure nozzle. Emulsifiers are not effective at extinguishing large fires involving bulk/deep liquid fuels, because the amount of emulsifier agent needed for extinguishment is a function of the volume of the fuel, whereas other agents such as aqueous film-forming foam need cover only the surface of the fuel to achieve vapor mitigation. Emulsions are used to manufacture polymer dispersions

neg: Hammett acidity function Hammett acidity function The Hammett acidity function (H) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful. In highly concentrated solutions, simple approximations such as the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation are no longer valid due to the variations of the activity coefficients. The Hammett acidity function is used in fields such as physical organic chemistry for the

neg: Glaucoma the trabecular meshwork drains aqueous humor via the scleral venous sinus (Schlemm's canal) into scleral plexuses and general blood circulation. In open/wide-angle glaucoma, flow is reduced through the trabecular meshwork, due to the degeneration and obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, whose original function is to absorb the aqueous humor. Loss of aqueous humor absorption leads to increased resistance and thus a chronic, painless buildup of pressure in the eye. In close/narrow-angle, the iridocorneal angle is completely closed because of forward displacement of the final roll and root of the iris against the cornea, resulting in the inability of the aqueous

neg: Annot water chute is 46 m high and drives a turbine of 820 kW. Production is currently halted from July to October. The plant is equipped with a fish slide. At the end of 2010 the tertiary sector (trades and services) had 80 establishments with 57 employees plus another 24 administrative establishments employing 83 people. According to Departmental Observatory of Tourism, the tourist function is important for the town, with between 1 and 5 tourists welcomed per year per inhabitant. Most of the accommodation capacity is non-market. Several tourist accommodation structures exist in the commune: Overall, second homes add a significant

neg: Protein crystallization or biotechnological purposes. Proteins are biological macromolecules and function in an aqueous environment, so protein crystallization is predominantly carried out in water. Protein crystallization is generally considered challenging due to the restrictions of the aqueous environment, difficulties in obtaining high-quality protein samples, as well as sensitivity of protein samples to temperature, pH, ionic strength, and other factors. Proteins vary greatly in their physicochemical characteristics, and so crystallization of a particular protein is rarely predictable. Determination of appropriate crystallization conditions for a given protein often requires empirical testing of many conditions before a successful crystallization condition is found. Crystallization of protein

neg: Heather C. Allen fundamental interfacial phenomena, the molecular organization and orientation at interfaces between gases and liquids, gases and solids, and liquids and solids. She is particularly interested in understanding the activities of ions and molecules in aqueous surface structures. Understanding molecular organization is essential to understanding the ways in which surfaces will react. Her studies of chemical reaction mechanisms have examined water, lipids, and fatty acids, among others. Her work has relevance to a wide variety of fields, from medicine to climate change. Medically, aqueous surface structures are particularly relevant in the understanding of cell membranes and skin surfaces, which function as

neg: Corneal endothelium total perimeter, of packing the posterior corneal surface with cells of a given area. The corneal endothelium is attached to the rest of the cornea through Descemet's membrane, which is an acellular layer composed mostly of collagen. The principal physiological function of the corneal endothelium is to allow leakage of solutes and nutrients from the aqueous humor to the more superficial layers of the cornea while at the same time pumping water in the opposite direction, from the stroma to the aqueous. This dual function of the corneal endothelium is described by the "pump-leak hypothesis." Since the cornea is avascular,

neg: Soy molasses Soy molasses Soy molasses is brown viscous syrup with a typical bittersweet flavor. A by-product of aqueous alcohol soy protein concentrate production, soy molasses is a concentrated, desolventized, aqueous alcohol extract of defatted soybean flakes. The term "soy molasses" was coined by Daniel Chajuss, the founder of Hayes Ashdod Ltd., which first commercially produced and marketed soy molasses in the early 1960s. The name was intended to distinguish the product from “soybean whey” or “condensed soybean solubles”, the by-products available at the time from soy protein isolate and acid washed soy protein concentrate production. The alcohols are removed from the

neg: Myocilin precise function of myocilin is unknown, but it is normally secreted into the aqueous humor of the eye. MYOC mutations, which cause myocilin to accumulate in the cells of the trabecular meshwork are a common cause of glaucoma. Most MYOC mutations identified in glaucoma patients are heterozygous and are confined to the olfactomedin domain, which is encoded by exon 3. Myocilin is believed to have a role in cytoskeletal function. MYOC is expressed in many ocular tissues, including the trabecular meshwork, and was revealed to be the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid-inducible response protein (TIGR). The trabecular meshwork is a specialized eye

neg: Shewanella oneidensis while flagella is the organelle which has locomotive function. Mutant strains lacking flagella can still form pellicle, albeit much less rapidly. "S. oneidensis" MR-1 can change the oxidation state of metals. These microbial processes allow exploration of novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials. In contrast to chemical and physical methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be achieved in aqueous phase under gentle and environmentally benign conditions. Many organisms can be utilized to synthesize metal nanomaterials. "S. oneidensis" is able to reduce a diverse range of metal ions extracellularly and this extracellular production greatly facilitates the extraction

neg: Acid dissociation constant much weaker base than water. Compare this reaction with what happens when acetic acid is dissolved in the more acidic solvent pure sulfuric acid The unlikely geminal diol species is stable in these environments. For aqueous solutions the pH scale is the most convenient acidity function. Other acidity functions have been proposed for non-aqueous media, the most notable being the Hammett acidity function, "H", for superacid media and its modified version "H" for superbasic media. In aprotic solvents, oligomers, such as the well-known acetic acid dimer, may be formed by hydrogen bonding. An acid may also form hydrogen bonds to

neg: Electrolytic capacitor longer had an electrical function. This type of electrolytic capacitor combined with an liquid or gel-like electrolyte of a non-aqueous nature, which is therefore dry in the sense of having a very low water content, became known as the "dry" type of electrolytic capacitor. With Ruben's invention, together with the invention of wound foils separated with a paper spacer 1927 by A. Eckel of Hydra-Werke (Germany), the actual development of e-caps began. William Dubilier, whose first patent for electrolytic capacitors was filed in 1928, industrialized the new ideas for electrolytic capacitors and started the first large commercial production in 1931

neg: Lake Innes House Ruins and stables and other associated sites which supported the function of the main household. Evidence of brick manufacture, food production and servants' accommodation are all evident on the site. Apart from some illegal digging by fossickers and past researchers on the site, the archeological resource is substantially intact in many areas as demonstrated by the first excavations in 1999. Lake Innes House ruins and environs is a major historical monument to the pre 1850 period of settlement of Australia. Its key role in the early development of a region in NSW is made poignant by the evocative ruined remains of

neg: Acidity function Acidity function An acidity function is a measure of the acidity of a medium or solvent system, usually expressed in terms of its ability to donate protons to (or accept protons from) a solute (Brønsted acidity). The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function, "H", for superacid media and its modified version "H" for superbasic media. The term acidity function is also used for measurements made on basic systems, and the term basicity function

neg: Production function a linear function: where formula_11 are parameters that are determined empirically. Another is as a Cobb–Douglas production function: The Leontief production function applies to situations in which inputs must be used in fixed proportions; starting from those proportions, if usage of one input is increased without another being increased, output will not change. This production function is given by Other forms include the constant elasticity of substitution production function (CES), which is a generalized form of the Cobb–Douglas function, and the quadratic production function. The best form of the equation to use and the values of the parameters (formula_11) vary

neg: UNSW Residential Communities day during session. The older style facility has shared bathrooms and limited twin rooms, making it the most basic and affordable accommodation among the UNSW Colleges. UNSW Apartments offer independent, self-catered and shared accommodation. Contracts are taken on a yearly basis and function similarly to a commercial tenancy agreement, except that maintenance and utilities are included. UNSW also manages the placement of students, ensuring a balance of male and female occupants is maintained in each premises. UNSW Residential Communities UNSW Residential Communities (UNSWRC) manages the student accommodation portfolio at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Kensington, Sydney, Australia,

neg: Aqueous humour leads to visual field loss and ultimately blindness. Uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour can be increased with prostaglandin agonists, while trabecular outflow is increased by M3 agonists. Fluid production can be decreased by beta blockers, alpha2-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aqueous humour The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the ciliary epithelium, a structure supporting the lens. It fills both the anterior and the posterior chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the vitreous humour, which is located in the space between the

neg: Leontief production function "a" and "b" are technologically determined constants. Suppose that the intermediate goods "tires" and "steering wheels" are used in the production of automobiles (for simplicity of the example, to the exclusion of anything else). Then in the above formula "q" refers to the number of automobiles produced, "z" refers to the number of tires used, and "z" refers to the number of steering wheels used. Assuming each car is produced with 4 tires and 1 steering wheel, the Leontief production function is Leontief production function In economics, the Leontief production function or fixed proportions production function is a production function

neg: Alkaline fuel cell producing water and releasing electrons. The electrons flow through an external circuit and return to the cathode, reducing oxygen in the reaction: formula_2 producing hydroxide ions. The net reaction consumes one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules in the production of two water molecules. Electricity and heat are formed as by-products of this reaction. The two electrodes are separated by a porous matrix saturated with an aqueous alkaline solution, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH). Aqueous alkaline solutions do not reject carbon dioxide (CO) so the fuel cell can become "poisoned" through the conversion of KOH to potassium carbonate (KCO). Because

neg: Gravity (alcoholic beverage) a beer with apparent extract formula_4 as where formula_15 is a function that converts SG to °P (see Plato) and formula_16 (see Plato) its inverse and formula_17 is the density of an aqueous ethanol solution of strength formula_18by weight at 20 °C. Inserting this into the alcohol formula the result, after rearrangement, is Which can be solved, albeit iteratively, for formula_18 as a function of OE and AE. It is again possible to come up with a relationship of the form De Clerk also tabulates values for formula_22. Most brewers and consumers are used to having alcohol content reported by

neg: Bullous keratopathy Bullous keratopathy Bullous keratopathy is a pathological condition in which small vesicles, or "bullae", are formed in the cornea due to endothelial dysfunction. In a healthy cornea, endothelial cells keeps the tissue from excess fluid absorption, pumping it back into the aqueous humor. When affected by some reason, such as Fuchs' dystrophy or a trauma during cataract removal, endothelial cells suffer mortality or damage. The corneal endothelial cells normally do not undergo mitotic cell division, and cell loss results in permanent loss of function. When endothelial cell counts drop too low, the pump starts failing to function and fluid moves

neg: Glaucoma surgery a laser. Cyclodiathermy uses heat generated from a high frequency alternating electric current passed through the tissue, while cycloelectrolysis uses the chemical action caused by a direct current. Glaucoma surgery Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP). There are many glaucoma surgeries, and variations or combinations of those surgeries, that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and a few that lower IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous. A trabeculoplasty is a modification of the

neg: Glaucoma surgery Glaucoma surgery Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP). There are many glaucoma surgeries, and variations or combinations of those surgeries, that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and a few that lower IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous. A trabeculoplasty is a modification of the trabecular meshwork. Laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) is the application of a laser beam to burn areas of the trabecular meshwork, located near the base of the iris, to increase

neg: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery to achieve lowering of IOP by either increasing aqueous humour outflow, the fluid that is produced by the eye and fills the space between the cornea and the lens, or decreasing the production of aqueous humour. MIGS can be divided in procedures that lower IOP by using micro-stents and minimally invasive procedures. The iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent, or simply iStent, is the smallest implantable medical device, designed to lower intraocular pressure by facilitating trabecular outflow of aqueous fluid. The trabecular outflow is one of the major outflow pathways for aqueous humor in the eye and has been the target of

neg: Hammett acidity function HSO (18.4 M) has a "H" value of −12, and pyrosulfuric acid has "H" ~ −15. Take note that the Hammett acidity function clearly avoids water in its equation. It is a generalization of the pH scale—in a dilute aqueous solution (where B is HO), pH is very nearly equal to "H". By using a solvent-independent quantitative measure of acidity, the implications of the leveling effect are eliminated, and it becomes possible to directly compare the acidities of different substances (e.g. using p"K", HF is weaker than HCl or HSO in water but stronger than HCl in glacial acetic acid.)

neg: Acidity function is uncommon. Hammett-type acidity functions are defined in terms of a buffered medium containing a weak base B and its conjugate acid BH: where p"K" is the dissociation constant of BH. They were originally measured by using nitroanilines as weak bases or acid-base indicators and by measuring the concentrations of the protonated and unprotonated forms with UV-visible spectroscopy. Other spectroscopic methods, such as NMR, may also be used. The function "H" is defined similarly for strong bases: Here BH is a weak acid used as an acid-base indicator, and B is its conjugate base. In dilute aqueous solution, the predominant

neg: Eye surgery extraction is the most common eye surgery. Rest after surgery is recommended. Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP). There are many types of glaucoma surgery, and variations or combinations of those types, that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and a few that lower IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. Canaloplasty is an advanced, nonpenetrating procedure designed to enhance drainage through the eye’s natural drainage system to provide sustained reduction of IOP.

neg: Primary production Primary production In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are known as "primary producers" or autotrophs, and form the base of the food chain. In terrestrial ecoregions, these are mainly plants, while in aquatic ecoregions algae

neg: Economies of scale A production function has "constant" returns to scale if increasing all inputs by some proportion results in output increasing by that same proportion. Returns are "decreasing" if, say, doubling inputs results in less than double the output, and "increasing" if more than double the output. If a mathematical function is used to represent the production function, and if that production function is homogeneous, returns to scale are represented by the degree of homogeneity of the function. Homogeneous production functions with constant returns to scale are first degree homogeneous, increasing returns to scale are represented by degrees of homogeneity greater than

neg: Intraocular pressure damage. Intraocular pressure Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Intraocular pressure is mainly determined by the coupling of the production of aqueous humor and the drainage of aqueous humor mainly through the trabecular meshwork located in the anterior chamber angle. The reason for this is because the vitreous humour in the posterior segment has a relatively fixed volume and

neg: Intraocular pressure Intraocular pressure Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Intraocular pressure is mainly determined by the coupling of the production of aqueous humor and the drainage of aqueous humor mainly through the trabecular meshwork located in the anterior chamber angle. The reason for this is because the vitreous humour in the posterior segment has a relatively fixed volume and thus

neg: Acidity function aqueous solution of pH 0. The actual reactive species are different in the two cases, but both can be considered to be sources of H, i.e. Brønsted acids. <br>The hydrogen ion H "never" exists on its own in a condensed phase, it is always solvated to a certain extent. The high negative value of "H" in SbF/HSOF mixtures indicates that the solvation of the hydrogen ion is much weaker in this solvent system than in water. Other way of expressing the same phenomenon is to say that SbF·FSOH is a much stronger proton donor than HO. Acidity function An acidity

neg: Leontief production function Leontief production function In economics, the Leontief production function or fixed proportions production function is a production function that implies the factors of production will be used in fixed (technologically pre-determined) proportions, as there is no substitutability between factors. It was named after Wassily Leontief and represents a limiting case of the constant elasticity of substitution production function. For the simple case of a good that is produced with two inputs, the function is of the form where "q" is the quantity of output produced, "z" and "z" are the utilised quantities of input 1 and input 2 respectively, and

neg: United Service Club Premises the billiard room and accommodation facilities. Many of the accommodation rooms are fitted with ensuites, although original bathroom facilities remain on the western side of this level. A large patio area to the rear of this level overlooks Spring Hill to the north-west. Level three of Montpelier consists of function rooms to the front of the building, a reading lounge, and accommodation throughout the remainder of the floor. There is also a patio of the same dimensions and location as that on the level below. The basement in Montpelier is brick. Arches extend along the length of part of the

neg: Acrylic fiber (DMF) or aqueous sodium thiocyanate, metering it through a multi-hole spinnerette and coagulating the resultant filaments in an aqueous solution of the same solvent (wet spinning) or evaporating the solvent in a stream of heated inert gas (dry spinning). Washing, stretching, drying and crimping complete the processing. Acrylic fibers are produced in a range of deniers, usually from 0.9 to 15, as cut staple or as a 500,000 to 1 million filament tow. End uses include sweaters, hats, hand-knitting yarns, socks, rugs, awnings, boat covers, and upholstery; the fiber is also used as "PAN" precursor for carbon fiber. Production of

neg: Dorzolamide/timolol Dorzolamide/timolol Dorzolamide/timolol eye drops (trade name Cosopt) are used to lower intraocular pressure in the eye to normal pressure and as a treatment for glaucoma. This medication is a combination of two active ingredients: dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. Both compounds work by decreasing the production of aqueous humor, which works to lower intraocular pressure. It gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in April 1998, and is supplied by Merck. Dorzolamide is a human carboanydrase II inhibitor. Inhibition of carboanhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion supposedly by decreasing the formation rate of bicarbonate

neg: Hammett acidity function H for some concentrated acids: For mixtures (e.g., partly diluted acids in water), the acidity function depends on the composition of the mixture and has to be determined empirically. Graphs of H vs mole fraction can be found in the literature for many acids. Hammett acidity function The Hammett acidity function (H) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for

neg: Glaucoma agonists work by opening uveoscleral passageways. Beta-blockers, such as timolol, work by decreasing aqueous formation. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease bicarbonate formation from ciliary processes in the eye, thus decreasing the formation of Aqueous humor. Parasympathetic analogs are drugs that work on the trabecular outflow by opening up the passageway and constricting the pupil. Alpha 2 agonists (brimonidine, apraclonidine) both decrease fluid production (via. inhibition of AC) and increase drainage. Developmental glaucoma (Q15.0) Secondary glaucoma (H40.3-H40.6) Neovascular glaucoma, an uncommon type of glaucoma, is difficult or nearly impossible to treat, and is often caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or central

neg: Barrême tourism function is important for the town, with between one and five tourists accommodated per capita. Most of the accommodation capacity is non-market. There are several accommodation facilities for tourists in the commune: Second homes provide an important adjunct to capacity with 119 with a capacity of 594 beds. The commune has several religious buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments: The churches and chapels contain a very large number of items that are registered as historical objects. For a complete list including links to descriptions (in French) and some photos click here. Barrême Barrême is a commune

neg: Production function are stocks. Classically, the primary factors of production were land, labour and capital. Primary factors do not become part of the output product, nor are the primary factors, themselves, transformed in the production process. The production function, as a theoretical construct, may be abstracting away from the secondary factors and intermediate products consumed in a production process. The production function is not a full model of the production process: it deliberately abstracts from inherent aspects of physical production processes that some would argue are essential, including error, entropy or waste, and the consumption of energy or the co-production of pollution.

neg: Aqueous homogeneous reactor Energy Experiments. In the late 1940s, control rods were loaded on springs and then flung out of the reactor in milliseconds. Reactor power shot up from ~100 watts to over ~1,000,000 watts with no problems observed. Aqueous homogeneous reactors were sometimes called "water boilers" (not to be confused with boiling water reactors), as the water inside appears to boil, though the bubbling is actually due to the production of hydrogen and oxygen as radiation and fission particles dissociate the water into its constituent gases, a process called radiolysis. AHRs were widely used as research reactors as they are self-controlling, have

neg: Aqueous humour therefore corroborated. Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy where retinal ganglion cells and their axons die causing a corresponding visual field defect. An important risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (pressure within the eye) either through increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humour. Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humour may occur due to an abnormal trabecular mesh work or to obliteration of the meshwork due to injury or disease of the iris. However, increased interocular pressure is neither sufficient nor necessary for development of primary open angle glaucoma, although it is a major risk factor. Uncontrolled glaucoma typically

neg: Aqueous lithium-ion battery Aqueous lithium-ion battery An aqueous lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a lithium-ion battery that uses a concentrated saline solution as an electrolyte to facilitate the transfer of lithium ions between electrodes and induce an electrical current. In contrast to non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries, aqueous Li-ion batteries are nonflammable and do not pose any significant risks of explosion, because of the water-based nature of their electrolyte. They also lack the poisonous chemicals and environmental risks associated with their non-aqueous counterparts. Aqueous Li-ion batteries are currently severely limited in use due to their narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V). When built using conventional methods,

neg: Performic acid it being synthesised. Performic acid is synthesized by the reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by the following equilibrium reaction: Synthesis of pure performic acid has not been reported, but aqueous solutions up to about 48% can be formed by simply mixing equimolar amounts of concentrated aqueous reactant solutions. Using an excess of either reactant shifts the equilibrium towards the product side. The aqueous product solution can be distilled to increase the concentration of performic acid to about 90%. This reaction is reversible and can be used for large scale industrial production if accelerated with a catalyst; however, its

neg: Liquid–liquid extraction aqueous phase). Another method is to simply use dilute nitric acid as a stripping agent for the plutonium. This PUREX chemistry is a classic example of a solvation extraction. Here in this case D = k TBPNO Another extraction mechanism is known as the ion exchange mechanism. Here, when an ion is transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, another ion is transferred in the other direction to maintain the charge balance. This additional ion is often a hydrogen ion; for ion exchange mechanisms, the distribution ratio is often a function of pH. An example of an ion

neg: Methyl acetate in the presence of strong aqueous bases or aqueous acids. Methyl acetate is not considered as a VOC. Methyl acetate is produced industrially via the carbonylation of methanol as a byproduct of the production of acetic acid. Methyl acetate also arises by esterification of acetic acid with methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid; this production process is famous because of Eastman Kodak's intensified process using a reactive distillation. In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and

neg: Cell membrane animals. In plants, which lack cholesterol, related compounds called sterols perform the same function as cholesterol. Lipid vesicles or liposomes are circular pockets that are enclosed by a lipid bilayer. These structures are used in laboratories to study the effects of chemicals in cells by delivering these chemicals directly to the cell, as well as getting more insight into cell membrane permeability. Lipid vesicles and liposomes are formed by first suspending a lipid in an aqueous solution then agitating the mixture through sonication, resulting in a vesicle. By measuring the rate of efflux from that of the inside of the

neg: Union Jack Club Union Jack Club The Union Jack Club is an Armed Forces Club in central London for members and veterans of the British Armed Services (and their families), including serving members of the Volunteer Reserve Forces, below commissioned rank. Located near Waterloo station, the club has over 290 rooms for accommodation (single, twin, double and flats), a restaurant, bar, small library and function rooms. The club's main entrance is now in Sandell Street off Waterloo Road, opposite Waterloo station. There are views of London from the upper floors, where many of the accommodation rooms are located. The idea in creating the

neg: Production (economics) The rules of interpretations are the following: The production is on the part of “increasing returns” on the production function, when The production is on the part of “diminishing returns” on the production function, when In the basic example the combination of volume growth (+17.00) and productivity growth (+41.12) reports explicitly that the production is on the part of “increasing returns” on the production function (Saari 2006 a, 138–144). Another production model (Production Model Saari 1989) also gives details of the income distribution (Saari 2011,14). Because the accounting techniques of the two models are different, they give differing, although complementary,

neg: Aqueous normal-phase chromatography or greater with the exact point of increased retention depending on the solute and the organic component of the mobile phase. A true ANP stationary phase will be able to function in both the reversed phase and normal phase modes with only the amount of water in the eluent varying. Thus a continuum of solvents can be used from 100% aqueous to pure organic. ANP retention has been demonstrated for a variety of polar compounds on the hydride based stationary phases. Recent investigations have demonstrated that silica hydride materials have a very thin water layer (about 0.5 monolayer) in comparison

neg: Soy molasses source of phytochemicals and soy sugars. Soy molasses Soy molasses is brown viscous syrup with a typical bittersweet flavor. A by-product of aqueous alcohol soy protein concentrate production, soy molasses is a concentrated, desolventized, aqueous alcohol extract of defatted soybean flakes. The term "soy molasses" was coined by Daniel Chajuss, the founder of Hayes Ashdod Ltd., which first commercially produced and marketed soy molasses in the early 1960s. The name was intended to distinguish the product from “soybean whey” or “condensed soybean solubles”, the by-products available at the time from soy protein isolate and acid washed soy protein concentrate production.

neg: Allemagne-en-Provence 18 different establishments, employing a total of 18 people. In 2009, there were 30 establishments in the tertiary sector (trades and services), with 9 employees plus four administrative and public service institutions employing 16 people. According to the Department of Tourism Observatory, tourism is an important function for the commune with between 1 and 5 tourists visiting per resident per year despite a limited capacity for accommodation. Several accommodation facilities for tourism purposes exist in the commune: There is no camping or collective accommodation, according to the Atlas of accommodation. Second homes by contrast provide a large capacity of accommodation

neg: 5α-Reductase inhibitor by the substrate. Beyond being a catalyst in the rate-limiting step in testosterone reduction, 5α-reductase isoforms I and II reduce progesterone to 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP) and deoxycorticosterone to dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (DHDOC). In vitro and animal models suggest subsequent 3α-reduction of DHT, 5α-DHP and DHDOC lead to neurosteroid metabolites with effect on cerebral function. These neurosteroids, which include allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and 3α-androstanediol, act as potent positive allosteric modulators of GABA receptors, and have antidepressant, anxiolytic, prosexual, and anticonvulsant effects. 5α-Dihydrocortisol is present in the aqueous humor of the eye, is synthesized in the lens, and might help make the aqueous humor itself.

neg: Electrochemical promotion of catalysis theory, rather than the surface work function, which might play a more trivial role in understanding of surface reactions. In contrast to solid electrolyte systems under high temperatures (usually higher than 200 °C), EPOC has rarely been reported in low-temperature aqueous systems (particularly at room temperature). Only a few examples have been demonstrated for the EPOC in an aqueous electrolyte solution at ambient temperature: H oxidation at Pt catalyst surface in alkaline solutions, hydrocarbon isomerization reaction occurring at the nanoparticulate Pt catalyst, hydrazine oxidation operating at the Ni alloy catalyst in alkaline media, and CO2 reduction at the Pd-based gas

neg: Liquid–liquid extraction 'loaded' organic wherein one can precipitate or deposit the metal value. Stripping is the opposite of extraction: Transfer of mass from organic to aqueous phase. LLE is also widely used in the production of fine organic compounds, the processing of perfumes, the production of vegetable oils and biodiesel, and other industries. It is among the most common initial separation techniques, though some difficulties result in extracting out closely related functional groups. Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to the

neg: Production (economics) increase in productivity. The income growth caused by increased production volume is determined by moving along the production function graph. The income growth corresponding to a shift of the production function is generated by the increase in productivity. The change of real income so signifies a move from the point 1 to the point 2 on the production function (above). When we want to maximize the production performance we have to maximize the income generated by the production function. The sources of productivity growth and production volume growth are explained as follows. Productivity growth is seen as the key economic

neg: Group 3 element elements are extremely rare; the production of metallic yttrium is about a few tonnes, and that of scandium is in the order of 10 kg per year; production of lutetium is not calculated, but it is certainly small. The elements, after purification from other rare-earth metals, are isolated as oxides; the oxides are converted to fluorides during reactions with hydrofluoric acid. The resulting fluorides are reduced with alkaline earth metals or alloys of the metals; metallic calcium is used most frequently. For example: Group 3 elements are generally hard metals with low aqueous solubility, and have low availability to the

neg: Copper hydride has acidic behavior for the same reason as normal copper hydride. However, it does not form stable aqueous solutions, due in part to its autopolymerisation, and its tendency to be oxidised by water. Copper hydride reversibly precipitates from pyridine solution, as an amorphous solid. However, repeated dissolution affords the regular crystalline form, which is insoluble. Under standard conditions, molecular copper hydride autopolymerises to form the crystalline form, including under aqueous conditions, hence the aqueous production method devised by Wurtz. Molecular copper hydride can be formed by reducing copper iodide with lithium aluminium hydride in ether and pyridine. 4CuI + LiAlH

neg: Prosafe FSOs. In 2005, Prosafe sold the Drilling Services division. In 2006, the company acquired Consafe Offshore AB, which owned three semi-submersible accommodation/service rigs and one accommodation jack-up. This acquisition cemented Prosafe’s leading position in the market for semi-submersible accommodation/service rigs. In May 2008, Prosafe spun off business division Floating Production. This business division became an independent company, named Prosafe Production Public Limited. On November 25, 2010, BW Offshore completed the 100% acquisition of Prosafe Production Public Ltd., for approximately NOK3,120.92m ($489.88m). Prosafe Prosafe SE is a European and the world's leading owner/operator of semi-submersible accommodation vessels. The company is listed

neg: South Pacific Gyre this reaction are aqueous electrons (e), hydrogen radicals (H·), protons (H), and hydroxyl radicals (OH·). The radicals are highly reactive, therefore short-lived, and recombine to produce hydrogen peroxide (H O), and molecular hydrogen (H). The amount of radiolytic H production in seafloor sediments is dependent on the quantities of radioactive isotopes present, sediment porosity, and grain size. These criteria indicate that certain sediment types, such as abyssal clays and siliceous oozes, may have higher radiolytic H production relative to other seafloor strata. Also, radiolytic H production has been measured in seawater intrusions into subseafloor basement basalts. The microbes best suited

neg: Production function "economic" choice of how much of a factor input to use, or the degree to which one factor may be substituted for another. In the production function itself, the relationship of output to inputs is non-monetary; that is, a production function relates physical inputs to physical outputs, and prices and costs are not reflected in the function. In the decision frame of a firm making economic choices regarding production—how much of each factor input to use to produce how much output—and facing market prices for output and inputs, the production function represents the possibilities afforded by an exogenous technology. Under

neg: Membrane models structure for this bi-layer, with the polar hydrophilic heads facing outwards towards the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards away from the aqueous surroundings on both sides of the membrane. Although they arrived at the right conclusions, some of the experimental data were incorrect such as the miscalculation of the area and pressure of the lipid mono-layer and the incompleteness of lipid extraction. They also failed to describe membrane function, and had false assumptions such as that of plasma membranes consisting of mostly lipids. However, on the whole, this envisioning of the lipid bi-layer structure became the basic

neg: Pyrenoid Pyrenoid Pyrenoids are sub-cellular micro-compartments found in chloroplasts of many algae, and in a single group of land plants, the hornworts. Pyrenoids are associated with the operation of a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Their main function is to act as centres of carbon dioxide (CO) fixation, by generating and maintaining a CO rich environment around the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Pyrenoids therefore seem to have a role analogous to that of carboxysomes in cyanobacteria. Algae are restricted to aqueous environments, even in aquatic habitats, and this has implications for their ability to access CO for photosynthesis. CO diffuses 10,000 times

neg: Cost curve LRMC is the slope of the LR total-cost function. Cost curves can be combined to provide information about firms. In this diagram for example, firms are assumed to be in a perfectly competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market the price that firms are faced with would be the price at which the marginal cost curve cuts the average cost curve. Assuming that factor prices are constant, the production function determines all cost functions. The variable cost curve is the inverted short-run production function or total product curve and its behavior and properties are determined by the production function. Because

neg: Prosafe Prosafe Prosafe SE is a European and the world's leading owner/operator of semi-submersible accommodation vessels. The company is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Prosafe’s operations are related to maintenance and modification of installations on fields already in production, hook-up and commissioning of new fields, tie-backs to existing infrastructure and decommissioning. Prosafe is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange with ticker code PRS. Accommodation vessels offer additional accommodation, engineering, construction or storage capacity offshore. Prosafe’s vessels have accommodation capacity for 306-812 people. They have catering facilities, storage, workshops, offices, medical services, deck cranes and lifesaving and fire fighting equipment aboard.

neg: Production function set of points in say labour-capital space at which the same quantity of output is produced for varying combinations of the inputs) is homogeneous of degree zero. Due to this, along rays coming from the origin, the slopes of the isoquants will be the same. Homothetic functions are of the form formula_26 where formula_27 is a monotonically increasing function (the derivative of formula_27 is positive (formula_29)), and the function formula_30 is a homogeneous function of any degree. In macroeconomics, aggregate production functions for whole nations are sometimes constructed. In theory they are the summation of all the production functions of

neg: Primary production to other species, having a marked impact on biodiversity, flows of carbon, water and energy, and ecosystem services, and scientists have questioned how large this fraction can be before these services begin to break down. Reductions in NPP are also expected in the ocean as a result of ongoing climate change, potentially impacting marine ecosystems and goods and services that the oceans provide Primary production In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also

neg: Cyclopentenone prostaglandins are electrophiles that readily form covalent bonds by acting as acceptors in Michael reactions to form covalent bonds with exposed nucleophile sites, particularly thiol residues, in diverse proteins. The reaction inactivates or reduces the activity of various functionally important target proteins and is one mechanism by which cylopentenone PGs influence cell function. All of the reactions undergone by the above cited PGs occur spontaneously (i.e. are enzyme-independent) in aqueous media. This biochemistry sets very important limitations on the study of the cyclopentenone PGs and to a lesser extent on PGE2, PGE1, and PGD2: a) detection of the cyclopentenone PGs in

neg: Environmental impact of the oil shale industry different types (carbonaceous, inorganic ones) and different sizes. The concentration of air pollutants in flue gas depends primarily on the combustion technology and burning regime, while the emissions of solid particles are determined by the efficiency of fly ash-capturing devices. Open deposition of semi-coke causes distribution of pollutants in addition to aqueous vectors also via air (dust). There are possible links from being in an oil shale area to a higher risk of asthma and lung cancer than other areas. Carbon dioxide emissions from the production of shale oil and shale gas are higher than conventional oil production and a

neg: Production function a profit-maximizing level in stage one, it might, in the long run, choose to reduce its scale of operations (by selling capital equipment). By reducing the amount of fixed capital inputs, the production function will shift down. The beginning of stage 2 shifts from B1 to B2. The (unchanged) profit-maximizing output level will now be in stage 2. There are two special classes of production functions that are often analyzed. The production function formula_16 is said to be homogeneous of degree formula_17, if given any positive constant formula_8, formula_19. If formula_20, the function exhibits increasing returns to scale, and it

neg: Major facilitator superfamily movements may be small in the cases of small substrates, such as the nitrate transporter NarK. The generalized transport reactions catalyzed by MFS porters are: Though initially identified as sugar transporters, a function conserved from prokaryotes to mammals, the MFS family is notable for the great diversity of substrates transported by the superfamily. These range from small oxyanions to large peptide fragments. Other MFS transporters are notable for a lack of selectivity, extruding broad classes of drugs and xenobiotics. This substrate specificity is largely determined by specific side chains which line the aqueous pocket at the center of the membrane.

neg: Adsorption material over in an oxygen-free atmosphere that cannot support combustion. The carbonized particles are then "activated" by exposing them to an oxidizing agent, usually steam or carbon dioxide at high temperature. This agent burns off the pore blocking structures created during the carbonization phase and so, they develop a porous, three-dimensional graphite lattice structure. The size of the pores developed during activation is a function of the time that they spend in this stage. Longer exposure times result in larger pore sizes. The most popular aqueous phase carbons are bituminous based because of their hardness, abrasion resistance, pore size distribution,

neg: Aqueous solution substances that dissolve in water yet maintain their molecular integrity (do not dissociate into ions). Examples include sugar, urea, glycerol, and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). When writing the equations of aqueous reactions, it is essential to determine the precipitate. To determine the precipitate, one must consult a chart of solubility. Soluble compounds are aqueous, while insoluble compounds are the precipitate. There may not always be a precipitate. When performing calculations regarding the reacting of one or more aqueous solutions, in general one must know the concentration, or molarity, of the aqueous solutions. Solution concentration is given in terms of the form of

neg: Dzong architecture Dzong architecture Dzong architecture is a distinctive type of fortress (, ) architecture found mainly in Bhutan and Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of courtyards, temples, administrative offices, and monks' accommodation. Distinctive features include: Dzongs serve as the religious, military, administrative, and social centers of their district. They are often the site of an annual "tsechu" or religious festival. The rooms inside the dzong are typically allocated half to administrative function (such as the office of the "penlop" or governor), and half to religious function, primarily the temple and housing for

neg: Solvent impregnated resin capacity polysulfone capsules. These capsules are basically hollow particles surrounded by a membrane. The interior is completely filled with extractant and thus increases the impregnation capacity as compared to classical SIRs. A completely new approach of using SIRs for the separation or purification of biotechnological products such as proteins is based on the concept of impregnating porous particles with aqueous polymer solutions developed by B. Burghoff. These so-called Tunable Aqueous Polymer-Phase Impregnated Resins (TAPPIR) enhance aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) by applying the SIR technology. During classical aqueous two-phase extraction, biotechnological components such as proteins are extracted from aqueous solutions by

neg: Eye examination feedback on which set of lenses give the best vision. Sometimes, eye care professionals prefer to obtain a cycloplegic refraction, especially when trying to obtain an accurate refraction in young children who may skew refraction measurements by adjusting their eyes with accommodation. Cycloplegic eye drops are applied to the eye to temporarily paralyze the ciliary muscle of the eye. An examination of pupilary function includes inspecting the pupils for equal size (1 mm or less of difference may be normal), regular shape, reactivity to light, and direct and consensual accommodation. These steps can be easily remembered with the mnemonic "PERRLA

neg: Productivity model a variable of the production function. The model lacks the variable of volume, and for this reason, the model can not describe the production function. The American models of REALST (Loggerenberg & Cucchiaro 1982, Pineda 1990) and APQC (Kendrick 1984, Brayton 1983, Genesca & Grifell, 1992, Pineda 1990) belong to this category of models but since they do not apply to describing the production function (Saari 2000) they are not reviewed here more closely. PPPV models measure profitability as a function of productivity, volume and income distribution (unit prices). Such models are The table presents the characteristics of the PPPV