query: texans won their independence as a result of what battle

pos: Battle of San Jacinto Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of San Jacinto (), fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston, the Texian Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican army in a fight that lasted just 18 minutes. A detailed, first-hand account of the battle was written by General Houston from Headquarters of the Texian Army, San Jacinto, on April 25, 1836. Numerous secondary analyses and interpretations have followed, several of which are cited and discussed throughout this entry. General Santa Anna, the

pos: Francisco Mejia (general) Francisco Mejia (general) Gen. Francisco Mejia started his military career at the age of 15 in the Spanish colonial army. His first major battle was in Mexico's war of Independence in 1821 and he also fought when Spain invaded Mexico in 1829. The Battle of San Jacinto occurred in 1836 and was won by the Texans, allowing them to become an independent nation until they became part of the United States in 1845. Mejia was serving as a commander and was told to kill 200 Texans after they were defeated at Ciudad Mier in December 1842. He refused as he

pos: Militia was the Texas Revolution in 1836. Texans declared independence from Mexico while they were defeated during the Battle of the Alamo, in March 1836. On April 21, 1836, led by Sam Houston, the Militia attacked the Mexican Army at their camp, in the Battle of San Jacinto near the present city of Houston. Following the war, some militia units reorganized into what was later to be known as the Texas Rangers, which was a private, volunteer effort for several years before becoming an official organization. After Texas joined the Union of the United States in 1845, Texas militia units participated

pos: Texas annexation petitions for redress of grievances to overturn the restrictions, with limited success. In 1835, an army under Mexican President Santa Anna entered its territory of Texas and abolished self-government. Texans responded by declaring their independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836. On April 20–21, rebel forces under Texas General Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army at the Battle of San Jacinto. In June 1836, Santa Anna agreed to Texas independence, but the Mexican government refused to honor Santa Anna's pledge. Texans, now "de facto" independent, recognized that their security and prosperity could never be achieved while Mexico denied the legitimacy

pos: Francisco Mejia (general) led troops in the Battle of Buena Vista from February 21 and 22, 1847 and in Battle of Contreras August 19 through the 20th, in 1847. Francisco Mejia (general) Gen. Francisco Mejia started his military career at the age of 15 in the Spanish colonial army. His first major battle was in Mexico's war of Independence in 1821 and he also fought when Spain invaded Mexico in 1829. The Battle of San Jacinto occurred in 1836 and was won by the Texans, allowing them to become an independent nation until they became part of the United States in 1845. Mejia

pos: Sam Houston the Treaty of Velasco, granting Texas its independence. Houston stayed on briefly for negotiations, then returned to the United States for treatment of his ankle wound. Victory in the Battle of San Jacinto made Houston a hero to many Texans, and he won the 1836 Texas presidential election, defeating Stephen F. Austin and former governor Henry Smith. Houston took office on October 22, 1836, after interim president David G. Burnet resigned. During the presidential election, the voters of Texas overwhelmingly indicated their desire for Texas to be annexed by the United States. Houston, meanwhile, faced the challenge of assembling a

pos: Lynchburg Ferry Ferry. The ferry was used by the Republic of Texas troops fighting Mexican forces in the Battle of San Jacinto April 1836. In what was later referred to as the Runaway Scrape, as many as 5,000 Texans fled eastward to escape the advancing army of Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna utilizing the ferry. In the following days, Sam Houston's army defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto, which resulted in Texas independence. By 1837 the Harris County Commissioners Court would set formal ferry rates only to eliminate them in 1890, and the ferry service has been free ever since.

pos: Charles Edward Hawkins Matagorda, Texas, Hawkins was promoted to the rank of Commodore and placed in command of the entire Texas Navy. After the Texans' defeats at the Battle of the Alamo and Battle of Goliad, the Navy had to move its operations further up the coast to Galveston. After the Texans' victory at the Battle of San Jacinto, Hawkins ordered the fleet south again to blockade the port of Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Eventually the poor state of the Texan ships forced them all into port with the "Independence" going to New Orleans for retrofitting in September 1837. There, in February 1837, Hawkins died

pos: Texan schooner Independence after the Texans' defeats at the siege of the Battle of the Alamo and Battle of Goliad, Hawkins was forced to move his ship up the Texas coast from Matagorda to Galveston. With the rebel government in disarray during the Runaway Scrape, "Independence"s mission was to defend Galveston from invasion and block resupply of Santa Anna's nearby army. Thereafter, "Independence" was involved in two important diplomatic missions, first in May 1836 carrying San Jacinto President David G. Burnet, with his cabinet, and Santa Anna to sign the Treaty of Velasco after the Battle of San Jacinto and then, in June,

pos: Centralist Republic of Mexico Antonio López de Santa Anna, began the siege of the Alamo. Most of the soldiers involved in the siege had been recruited against their will. Nonetheless, The Alamo fell two weeks later on March 6, resulting in the deaths of all but two of the Texans defending the mission. On 21 April, the Battle of San Jacinto (also known as "La Siesta del San Jacinto") took place, where the Mexican army was attacked while sleeping and was totally defeated. Santa Anna was captured days after the battle and signed under duress the Treaties of Velasco, which recognized the independence of

pos: Texas–Indian wars the close of the Texas Revolution and Texan victory at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. Most Texans were busy trying to return to what was left of their former homes, and dealing with their own losses, as well as skirmishes with the retreating Mexican army. The Republic of Texas era with the Indians can be divided into three phases: the diplomacy of Houston during his first term, the hostility of Lamar, and the resumed diplomatic efforts of Houston's second term. Sam Houston led the Republic to negotiate with the Comanche. They said they would stop raiding

pos: First Texas Navy First Texas Navy The First Texas Navy carried out operations, as part of the Texas Navy before and after the Texas Revolution, from 1835 to 1837. Over the course of two years the Texans launched several operations in the Gulf of Mexico which helped supply General Sam Houston's army. Though General Houston defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto in April 1836, armed conflict at sea continued into August 1837 when the Texans lost their last two warships. During the naval campaign of the Texas Revolution, the Texans had three objectives. The first was to defend their

pos: Action of April 17, 1837 barred away in Matamoros, all of the prisoners eventually escaped or were released by the Mexican government. That same day, Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante, in his inaugural address, pledges to reorganize his military to ""preserve the rights of the nation,"" which includes the reconquest of Texas. After the capture of the "Independence", the Mexican seamen found a long lost 8-pounder gun, which had been captured by the Texans at the Battle of San Jacinto a year earlier. "Independence" was commissioned into the Mexican Navy's Veracruz Squadron under the name "La Independencia" and continued to serve in the Gulf of Mexico

pos: Military history of Mexico war on France. The French withdrew in 1839. The Texan struggle for independence marked the beginning of a conflict with the modern U.S. state of Texas, and its independence from Mexico and the state of Coahuila y Tejas. Battles associated with the conflict with Texas include the Alamo, where federal troops led by Antonio López de Santa Anna defeated the Texans, and the Battle of San Jacinto, which allowed secession to take place. Revolts erupted throughout several states after Santa Anna's rise to power. The revolution in Texas began in Gonzales, Texas, when Santa Anna ordered troops to go there

pos: History of Mexico Coahuila y Tejas. Both areas sought independence from the central government. Negotiations and the presence of Santa Anna's army caused Yucatán to recognize Mexican sovereignty. Then Santa Anna's army turned to the northern rebellion. The inhabitants of Tejas declared the Republic of Texas independent from Mexico on 2 March 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos. They called themselves Texans and were led mainly by recent English-speaking settlers. At the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, Texan militias defeated the Mexican army and captured General Santa Anna. The Mexican government refused to recognize the independence of Texas. The northern states grew increasingly

pos: John M. Allen (soldier) John M. Allen (soldier) John M. Allen (? – 12 February 1847) was a soldier and the first mayor of Galveston. John M. Allen was born in Kentucky. He fought in support of the Greek independence from Turkey as a volunteer in the United States Navy. Lord Byron died in Missolonghi in Allen’s presence. He volunteered with the Texans, first with the Tampico Expedition in 1835, and with the Texas Army after he returned from Mexico late in the year. He received a commission as captain of an infantry unit and participated in the Battle of San Jacinto. He assumed

neg: History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute territorial situation between Ecuador and Peru when the two nations obtained their independence from Spain. The Republic of Gran Colombia was founded in 1819, with Simón Bolívar as President. On August 7 of that year, the independence of what is now Colombia was won in the Battle of Boyacá. The independence of Venezuela was won on June 24, 1821 in the Battle of Carabobo. One of Bolivar's generals, Venezuelan-born General Antonio José de Sucre won the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822 and freed the territory that was then Ecuador. Gran Colombia comprised what is now Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela

neg: Houston Texans Chiefs' owner Lamar Hunt to use the Texans nickname for his new team. Along with the team name, McNair also unveiled the team logo, an abstract depiction of a bull's head, split in such a way to resemble the flag of Texas and the state of Texas, including a lone star to stand for the eye, the five points of which representing pride, courage, strength, tradition and independence. McNair described the colors as "Deep Steel Blue", "Battle Red" and "Liberty White". A year later the Texans unveiled their uniforms during another downtown rally. The Texans' helmet is dark blue with

neg: Greater Austin as the Camino Real de los Tejas, which ran from Mexico, though San Antonio and San Marcos, to Natchitoches. During the 1830s others, such as Martín Veramendi and Thomas G. McGehee, were issued land grants by the Mexican government to encourage settlement in the region. A string of forts was established east of modern Austin in what was then the western frontier. In 1835 Texans fought for independence in what was known as the Texas Revolution and won. Following independence other settlements were gradually established including Waterloo and Brushy Creek (modern Round Rock). In 1839 a commission appointed by Texas

neg: Hank Stram 1962, the Texans won the AFL Western Division and the AFL championship. The Texans won the championship against the Houston Oilers 20-17 in what was the longest professional football championship game ever played. Tommy Brooker kicked a field goal at 17:54 of overtime to win the game for the Texans and stop the Oilers from winning their third straight title. The Dallas Texans became the Kansas City Chiefs in 1963 and continued their success. In 1966, they won the AFL title again on the back of one of the best defensive teams in the history of professional football featuring three

neg: Republic of Texas–United States relations settlers even though the 1824 Mexican constitution declared the process illegal; in 1831 the Mexican government began to combat slavery in Texas, intensifying the desire of the Texans to seek independence. By 1835, Sam Houston and other Texans initiated the battle for independence. The United States decided to support the revolution by providing arms and supplies to the Texas rebels, eventually leading to the independence and creation of the Republic of Texas. The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1836, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas. Diplomatic relations began when the

neg: Long rifle of life, further reinforced by the performance of riflemen in the American Revolution, especially Morgan's Riflemen, who were pivotal in both the Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Cowpens, as well as the War of 1812. In that war, the longrifle gained its more infamous nickname the Kentucky Rifle, after a popular song "The Hunters of Kentucky," about Andrew Jackson and his victory at the Battle of New Orleans. The American longrifle also was used by the Texans in their War for Independence from Mexico. The reason for the American longrifle's characteristic long barrel is a matter of adaptation

neg: Action of April 17, 1837 against the Texans. Action of April 17, 1837 The Battle of the Brazos River was an engagement fought in the Brazos River on April 17, 1837, between the Mexican Navy and the Texas Navy. Despite Houston's victory over Santa Anna's army at San Jacinto, Texans continued to fight a naval war in hopes of persuading the Mexican Government to agree to the independence of Texas. In May 1837, Texas Navy ship "Independence" prepared for another cruise to take United States diplomat William H. Wharton to Texas from New Orleans. "Independence" had smooth sailing for about seven days when on April

neg: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World the delegates believed that Travis exaggerated the difficulties he faced. Many Texas residents disagreed with the convention's perception. As the message spread across Texas, settlers left their homes and assembled in Gonzales, where Colonel James Fannin was due to arrive with the remaining Texan Army troops. On February 27 one group of reinforcements impatiently set out on their own; as a result 32 additional Texans entered the Alamo. Research by historian Thomas Ricks Lindley indicates that an additional 50 or 60 men reinforced the Alamo on March 4. Almost all of the Texans were killed at the Battle of the

neg: Battle of Plum Creek under Mathew Caldwell and from Bastrop under Ed Burleson gathered to intercept the Comanches. Joined by Ranger companies and armed settlers hastily assembled as militia from central and east Texas, they confronted the Indians at Good's Crossing on Plum Creek, near the modern town of Lockhart (about 27 miles south of Austin). Texas history says the Texans won this battle, although the Indians got away with most of their plunder and a great many of the stolen horses and mules. "Several hundred head of horses and mules were recaptured, as were also immense quantities of dry goods." The Texans reported

neg: Republic of Yucatán republic. An important case set a precedent for the independence of the Yucatán and the formation of a new republic. As Mexico had won its independence from Spain, several provinces on the periphery of New Spain had been subsumed into the new Mexican empire and its successor state, the Republic of Mexico, or the United States of Mexico. One of its northernmost territories, Texas, had been populated mostly by settlers from the United States. Mexican centralization conflicted with the ideas of the Anglo-Texans, who decided to seek US volunteers for their own independence. With that support, Texas attained independence and

neg: Linnville, Calhoun County, Texas In revenge, the Comanche conducted the raid on Victoria and Linnville in August 1840. The Battle of Plum Creek, near Lockhart Texas, shortly after the raid on Linnville, was Texans' retaliation against Comanches in their retreat from Linnville. And finally, an expedition commanded by Colonel John Henry Moore against a Comanche village in October 1840, was revenge by Texans for the raid on Victoria and Linnville by striking Penateka Comanches in their homeland near what is now Colorado City. Linnville, Calhoun County, Texas Linnville, Texas was a town in the Republic of Texas, in what is now Calhoun County. It

neg: First Battle of Independence First Battle of Independence The First Battle of Independence was a minor engagement of the American Civil War, occurring on August 11, 1862, in the city of Independence, located in Jackson County, Missouri. Its result was a Confederate victory, continuing the Southern domination of the Jackson County area for a few days while the recruiters completed their work. This battle should not be confused with the Second Battle of Independence, which was fought in 1864. That battle also resulted in a Confederate victory. During the summer of 1862, many Confederate and Missouri State Guard recruiters were dispatched northward from Arkansas

neg: History of Texas a centralist state provided an excuse for the Texan colonists to revolt. The vague unrest erupted into armed conflict on October 2, 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales, when Texans repelled a Mexican attempt to retake a small cannon. This launched the Texas Revolution, and over the next three months, the Texian Army successfully defeated all Mexican troops in the region. On March 2, 1836, Texans signed the Texas Declaration of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos, effectively creating the Republic of Texas. The revolt was justified as necessary to protect basic rights and because Mexico had annulled the federal pact. The majority

neg: Battle of Stone Houses lost the trail. Captain Eastland then began quarreling with Lieutenant A. B. Van Benthusen, and as a result the company separated. Van Benthusen took seventeen men north with him, and located the Indians' trail on November 1. They then continued north to the Brazos River. On November 3, near what was to become Fort Belknap, the Rangers found a band of Cherokee and Delawares being led by a Kichai guide, who was immediately killed. The others were spared when they claimed to be friends to all Texans and enemies of the Comanches. On November 10, the Rangers encountered the Kichais,

neg: 2008 Houston Texans season field goal. The Browns responded with kicker Phil Dawson getting a pair of 32-yard field goals. Houston ended the half with Brown making a 31-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Texans continued their dominance as Brown nailed a 36-yard field goal. From there on out, Houston's defense kept Cleveland's offense in check. With the win, not only did the Texans improve to 4–7, but they finally got their first road win of the season. Coming off their road win over the Browns, the Texans went home, donned their "Battle Red" uniforms, and played in their very first Monday

neg: Battle Red Day red and fans are also strongly encouraged to come dressed in red as well. There are one or two battle red days scheduled a year. Since 2010 there has been only one scheduled. Battle red days are usually scheduled towards the latter half of the season or in the middle of the season. Sometimes they are designated for games where they play divisional rivals. The Texans have experienced great success during battle red day games, having won the majority of the contests since the creation of the day. On Thursday, December 13, 2007, they wore their red jersey with red

neg: Comanche–Mexico Wars Antonio in March 1840 set off a series of bloody reprisals and battles. Hundreds of Comanches descended upon and destroyed the towns of Victoria and Linnville in 1840 (see Great Raid of 1840). Although the Texans demonstrated they could punish the Comanche (See Battle of Plum Creek) military campaigns emptied their treasury and Texas became more accommodating. (See Texas-Indian Wars) In 1844, the Texans and the Comanches came to an agreement which recognized Comanche lands and left Comancheria intact. What the agreements with the United States and neighboring tribes and a hiatus in the struggle with Texas accomplished was to

neg: 2008 Houston Texans season Slaton's 2-yard touchdown run. The Bears tried to come back as Orton got a 1-yard touchdown run, but Houston's defense stiffened for the victory. With the win, the Texans closed out their season at 8–8. 2008 Houston Texans season The 2008 Houston Texans season was the seventh season for the team in the National Football League. Though the Texans lost their first four games of the season, they rallied and won five of their last six games, to finish with an 8–8 record for the second consecutive year. The 2008 season also marked the Texans' first appearance on Monday Night

neg: 2016 Houston Texans season the win. With the loss, the Texans fell to 4–3. The Texans rebounded from their dismal Monday Night performance and never trailed in their first matchup against the Detroit Lions since Houston's Thanksgiving 2012 win in OT. With the win, the Texans entered the Week 9 bye at 5-3. The Texans got their first road win of the season and their first winning streak since Weeks 1–2, improving to 6–3. NFL International Series Following their first road win of the season the previous week, the Texans traveled to Mexico City to face the Oakland Raiders in what would be a

neg: Battle of Covadonga the Arabs in their own histories called Pelagius and his men "thirty Infidels left, what can they do", they never again seriously challenged the independence of the Kingdom of Asturias. The battle is commemorated at the shrine of Our Lady of Covadonga. Battle of Covadonga The Battle of Covadonga was the first victory won by Christian military forces in Iberia after the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 711–718. It was fought at Covadonga, either in 718 or 722. The battle was central to the creation of an independent Christian principality in the mountains of the northwestern region of the Iberian

neg: Come and take it skirmish known as the Battle of Gonzales—the first battle of the Texas Revolution against Mexico—a small group of Texans successfully resisted the Mexican forces who had orders from Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea to seize their cannon. As a symbol of defiance, the Texans had fashioned a flag containing the phrase "come and take it" along with a black star and an image of the cannon that they had received four years earlier from Mexican officials. This was the same message that was sent to the Mexican government when they told the Texans to return the cannon; lack of compliance with

neg: 2014 Houston Texans season on the next 2 plays to end the game. With the win, the Texans went to 4-4, snapped their three-game losing streak and held onto 2nd place in the AFC South. This would be the first time since 2003 that the Texans would wear their Battle Red uniforms against an NFC team. After falling to the Eagles, the Texans entered their bye 4-5. It was later announced that starting quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick would be benched in favor of Ryan Mallet. Coming off of their bye week, the Texans faced the Cleveland Browns on the road in Ryan Mallet's first career

neg: Bill O'Brien (American football) head coach on January 2, 2014. In his first season as the Texans coach, he finished with a 9–7 record, narrowly missing the playoffs. In his second season, the Texans again finished with a 9–7 record and won the AFC South title. In the Wild Card round, the Texans were blown out 30-0 to the Kansas City Chiefs. In his third season, the Texans finished with a 9–7 record and won their second consecutive AFC South title. The Texans defeated the Oakland Raiders 27-14 but they lost 34-16 to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the New England Patriots. O'Brien's fourth

neg: Convention of 1836 than rush to aid the soldiers. After the Alamo fell, Santa Anna's army marched towards Washington-on-the-Brazos, prompting the new government to flee. The Texas Revolution began October 31, 1835 with the Battle of Gonzales. The following month, previously elected delegates convened in a body known as the Consultation. These delegates served as a temporary governing body for Texas, as they struggled with the question of whether Texans were fighting for independence from Mexico or the reimplementation of the Mexican Constitution of 1824, which offered greater freedoms than the current dictatorship. Many Consultation members wished to defer independence until the United

neg: Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence Rhodesian election. But intimidation by ZAPU of prospective black voters impeded the UFP's efforts to win their support, and much of the white community saw Whitehead as too radical, and soft on what they saw as black extremism. In the December 1962 Southern Rhodesian election, the UFP was defeated by the Rhodesian Front (RF), a newly formed alliance of conservative voices headed by Winston Field and Ian Smith, in what was widely considered a shock result. Field became Prime Minister, with Smith as his deputy. Meanwhile, secessionist black Rhodesian parties won electoral victories in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and Harold

neg: 2012 Houston Texans season bye week. It was the first time the Texans had ever defeated the Ravens in their franchise history (they had lost the previous six meetings, including the playoff matchup). Reliant Stadium set a new Texans home attendance record of 71,708 fans during the regular season. Likewise, the Ravens and Texans were the only 2 teams in the AFC who were above .500 at the point of this game. However, the Texans surprisingly won it as the team went into their bye week at 6–1 and also went 1–6 all-time against the Ravens. The Texans punted to the Ravens who kicked

neg: 2009 Houston Texans season In the fourth quarter, Houston would take the lead as Brown nailed a 23-yard field goal. Afterwards, the defense prevented Tennessee from rallying. With the win, the Texans improved to 1–1. It was the first road win against Tennessee since 2004. Coming off their hard-fought road win over the Titans, the Texans went home, donned their Battle Red uniforms, and prepared for a Week 3 AFC South showdown with the Jacksonville Jaguars. Even though the Jaguars got the first points of the game with kicker Josh Scobee's 52-yard field goal, Texans quarterback Matt Schaub got his team the lead with

neg: 1962 Dallas Texans season Texans a 20–17 victory at Houston (12/23). Spanning an elapsed time of 77:54, the game still stands as the second-longest contest in pro football history as the franchise claimed its first of three AFL titles. The game is the longest in the history of the American Football League. "*: Special pre-season game site" 1962 Dallas Texans season The 1962 Dallas Texans season was the third and final season of Lamar Hunt's American Football League franchise before its relocation to Kansas City from Dallas. The Texans won their first AFL championship (and only title in Dallas) when they defeated their intrastate

neg: 2008 Houston Texans season 2008 Houston Texans season The 2008 Houston Texans season was the seventh season for the team in the National Football League. Though the Texans lost their first four games of the season, they rallied and won five of their last six games, to finish with an 8–8 record for the second consecutive year. The 2008 season also marked the Texans' first appearance on Monday Night Football. Head coach Gary Kubiak entered his third year with the Texans. Alex Gibbs, who implemented his successful zone blocking scheme with the Denver Broncos and the Atlanta Falcons joined the staff as the assistant

neg: Proposed second Scottish independence referendum seats than they won in the 2015 general election and its popular vote in Scotland reduced from 50% in 2015 to 37% in 2017. The Conservatives, who oppose independence, saw their best election in Scotland since 1983, winning 29% of the vote and increasing their seat total to thirteen, compared to one in the previous parliament. Nicola Sturgeon made the statement "Undoubtedly the issue of an independence referendum was a factor in this election result, but I think there were other factors in this election result as well," in light of the election result. Opposition to a second referendum is

neg: 2002 Houston Texans season 2002 Houston Texans season The 2002 Houston Texans season was the franchise's inaugural season and the city of Houston's first NFL season since the Houston Oilers left in 1997 to move to Tennessee to become the Titans. The Divisional Realignment also placed the Texans and Titans in the same division. The Texans won their first-ever season game against the Dallas Cowboys 19–10 on Sunday Night Football. They were the first to do this since the 1961 Minnesota Vikings won 37–13 in their inaugural game. Head coach Dom Capers, who previously coached the expansion Carolina Panthers when they debuted in 1995,

neg: Action of April 17, 1837 Action of April 17, 1837 The Battle of the Brazos River was an engagement fought in the Brazos River on April 17, 1837, between the Mexican Navy and the Texas Navy. Despite Houston's victory over Santa Anna's army at San Jacinto, Texans continued to fight a naval war in hopes of persuading the Mexican Government to agree to the independence of Texas. In May 1837, Texas Navy ship "Independence" prepared for another cruise to take United States diplomat William H. Wharton to Texas from New Orleans. "Independence" had smooth sailing for about seven days when on April 17 she encountered

neg: Houston Texans were as a result of winning the AFC South division championship. The Texans have a 3-1 record all-time in Wild Card Round games but have lost all three games they have played in the Divisional Round. In 2016 this trend continued as the Texans defeated the Oakland Raiders 27-14 in a Wild Card game at home, but then were eliminated by the eventual Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 34-16 in the Divisional Round the following weekend. As members of the AFC South, the Texans play 6 of their 16 regular season games against other AFC South teams. As

neg: Battle of Velasco Battle of Velasco The Battle of Velasco, fought June 25-26, 1832, was the first true military conflict between Mexico and settlers in what became Texas. It began when Texan insurgents attacked Fort Velasco, located in what was then Velasco and what is now the city of Surfside Beach. The Mexican commander during the conflict, Domingo de Ugartechea, tried to stop the Texans, under John Austin, from transporting a cannon up the Brazos River to attack the city of Anahuac. The Texian militia eventually prevailed over the Mexicans. Ugartechea surrendered after a two-day battle, once he realized he would not be

neg: Battle of Nacogdoches paroled and sent to the Mexican interior. The Texans suffered three killed and four wounded, one mortally. Battle of Nacogdoches The Battle of Nacogdoches culminated on August 2, 1832, after a group of Texan colonists resisted an order issued in July by the commander of the Mexican Army at Nacogdoches, Texas to surrender their arms. The situation soon escalated into a major battle. Numerous communities advocated support for the Mexican federalists, who were revolting against the central government. The Texans thought they had found their champion when Antonio López de Santa Anna declared against the Centralist regime in 1832. The

neg: Texas in the American Civil War marshal for the Hill Country, executed two Unionists, prompting flight. In August 1862, Confederate soldiers under Lt. Colin D. McRae tracked down a band of German Texans headed out of state and attacked their camp in a bend of the Nueces River. After a pitched battle that resulted in the deaths of two Confederates and the wounding of McRae and eighteen of his men, the Unionists were routed. Approximately 19 Unionists were killed in the fighting. After the battle 9 to 11 of the wounded Unionists were murdered with shots to the head in what became known as the Nueces

neg: Colorado and California and to seize ports on the Pacific Ocean for the Confederacy. A hastily organized force of Colorado volunteers force-marched from Denver City, Colorado Territory, to Glorieta Pass, New Mexico Territory, in an attempt to block the Texans. On March 28, the Coloradans and local New Mexico volunteers stopped the Texans at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, destroyed their cannon and supply wagons, and dispersed 500 of their horses and mules. The Texans were forced to retreat to Santa Fe. Having lost the supplies for their campaign and finding little support in New Mexico, the Texans abandoned Santa Fe

neg: Politics of Texas formed their own governments: the Republic of the Rio Grande, the Republic of Yucatan, and the Republic of Texas. Only the Texans defeated Santa Anna and retained their independence. Some Texans believe that because it joined the United States as a country, the Texas state constitution includes the right to secede. However, neither the ordinance of The Texas Annexation of 1845 nor "The Annexation of Texas Joint Resolution of Congress March 1, 1845" included provisions giving Texas the right to secede. Texas did originally retain the right to divide into as many as five independent States, and as part of

neg: 2014 Houston Texans season the Texans, as they now trailed 28-33. The Houston defense held off the Indianapolis offense, who were forced to punt the ball back. The Texans could not manage a comeback as they fumbled the ball on each of their next 2 possessions. The Texans fell to the Colts, 28-33, dropped to 2nd place in the AFC South and dropped to 3-3. The 24 point deficit at the end of the 1st quarter is one of the largest in Texans history. This is the fourth time in a row that the Colts have won against the Texans. After falling to the

neg: Battle of Lake Maracaibo the culminating battle for Venezuelan independence. However, some historians point out that if the Battle of Lake Maracaibo had been a victory for the Royalist forces, the Spanish Crown might have been able to establish a new front in Western Venezuela from which to attack the Republican forces stationed in Venezuela. As a result of the defeat, the Spanish did not send any reinforcing regiments to Venezuela, and finally accepted Venezuelan independence as a result of this second decisive Republican victory, although it did not formally recognise the new nation's independence for more than a decade afterward. The 24th July

neg: Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition as their leader, instigated discord, slowing Álvarez de Toledo's advance against the Spanish. The Republican leader, Toledo was not able to make his move upon the Royalists until August 15. This situation would end up badly for the Texans. Even though they had decisively won at the battle of Alazán and now had a large force, (composed of 1,400 Americans, Tejanos, Spanish, Indians, and blacks), they would suffer a crushing defeat on August 18, 1813, at the Battle of Medina. Toledo had planned on surprising the Spanish, but when he moved upon them it turned into an unintentional ambush. Toledo

neg: 2012 Houston Texans season 2012 Houston Texans season The 2012 Houston Texans season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League and the 7th under head coach Gary Kubiak. The Texans improved on their 10–6 record from 2011, in which the team earned its first playoff berth and division title in franchise history. The Texans won their second consecutive AFC South division title, and defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in the Wild Card round of the playoffs for a second consecutive season, but were defeated by the New England Patriots in the divisional round. Notes (2012 Miami Dolphins season)The Houston Texans began their

neg: Troutman flag The original flag was lost/destroyed at battle. Troutman flag The Troutman Flag was designed by Joanna Troutman. Joanna designed the flag when she was 18 years old and living in Georgia. The flag was white silk, with a five pointed blue star on it, with the words "Liberty or Death" beneath the star. Some sources say the words read "Texas and Liberty", although the majority seem to favor "Liberty or Death". Joanna sent the flag with a Georgian Battalion who was headed to help the Texans in their fight for independence from Mexico. The flag was unfurled over the American

neg: Yankee Autumn In Acadiana Federals did not make it to Texas but by November 17 were marching back into New Iberia, having gotten no farther than Opelousas. They found their march harassed by swarms of Texas and Louisiana cavalrymen belonging to Major General Richard Taylor's Army of Western Louisiana. The two armies engaged in numerous skirmishes, most of them inconclusive, along the way and fought one real battle. Texans under Brigadier General Tom Green won the Battle of Bayou Bourbeux and almost destroyed an enemy brigade. "Yankee Autumn in Acadiana" won the 1980 Louisiana Literary Award of the Louisiana Library Association. David C. Edmonds

neg: Battle of São Mamede to achieve the independence of the county. Nobles participating in the battle with Afonso Henriques: The counts that dominated the counties of Portugal and Coimbra kept the idea of independence, and their merger strengthened their positions. Alfonso VI of León, knowing the wishes of the Portuguese, united all Galicia under a single rule of one lord, which he chose from one of his close relatives. Teresa, mother of Afonso Henriques, came to Guimarães to govern the Portuguese county. The Portuguese did not accept this, and the battle started. Afonso won the battle and Portugal started its journey towards independence. In

neg: 2014 Houston Texans season another pass, this time for 49 yards, to get up to the Houston 5. Richardson rushed for a touchdown to give the Colts a 10-0 lead over the Texans. On their next 2 possessions, Houston was forced into a 3 and out, with Indianapolis scoring on their next possessions. Following a difficult 1st quarter, the Texans trailed 0-24. The 2nd quarter seemed to hold more good fortunes for the Texans, as they got a 1st down following a penalty against the Colts on what would have been a field goal attempt. Houston finally scored with a touchdown to trail 7-24

neg: Mexican Texas 21, 1836, with the birth of the Republic of Texas. Santa Anna was taken prisoner, and the Mexican troops were forced to withdraw south of the Rio Grande. It is remarkable that Sam Houston was able to keep the Texans from killing Santa Anna since he had slaughtered the men of the Alamo and Goliad. In the ensuing Treaties of Velasco, Santa Anna promised he would convince the Mexican government to recognize Texan independence. He did not keep this promise, but the Texans did keep their promise to return him to Mexico. The Mexican Congress did not recognize Texan independence.

neg: 2009 Houston Texans season Jones' 38-yard touchdown run. With the loss, Houston began its season at 0–1. Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Jets, the Texans flew to LP Field for a Week 2 divisional battle with the Tennessee Titans. Houston would trail early in the first quarter as Titans running back Chris Johnson got a 57-yard touchdown run. The Texans would respond with quarterback Matt Schaub completing a 19-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Andre Johnson, but Tennessee replied with quarterback Kerry Collins completing a 69-yard touchdown to Johnson. The Titans would add onto their lead in the second quarter as

neg: Battle Red Day Battle Red Day Battle Red Day is an annual tradition of the Houston Texans franchise of the National Football League that was started in 2003. In 2003, the Texans unveiled a red alternate jersey that the team could wear up to twice a year at home games, as per the NFL's rule on alternate uniform use. The team decided to designate these games where the team would wear the red jerseys as "battle red days" in order to drum up extra fan support and interest. The Texans Cheerleaders, Toro the mascot and the Bull Pen Pep Band all dress in

neg: The Alamo (2004 film) Texans are awakened by his first shot and begin rushing to their posts. The Texans also hear the battle cry of the Mexican soldiers: "Viva Santa-Anna!" After a long, brutal battle the Mexicans, despite taking heavy casualties, breach the north wall of the mission where Travis is killed, shot in the head by a young Mexican soldier. A small group of Mexican engineers, armed with axes and crowbars, assault and break down the boarded-up doors and windows of the west wall, while another small group storms the southwest wall. The few surviving Texans fall back to the buildings, where they

neg: 2014 Houston Texans season in the 4th to put it away, winning the game 23-17. This was the first time Texans quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick faced his former team since being cut in 2013. With the win, the Texans went 3-1 and surpassed their win total from the previous season. Looking to keep up their win streak, the Texans traveled to Dallas for the battle for the Governor's Cup against the Dallas Cowboys. The only score of the first half came from a 33-yard Dan Bailey field goal with 0:16 left in the 2nd quarter. Houston scored with 8:56 left in the 3rd on an

neg: 2018 Houston Texans season during the game and is expected to be out for 6 to 9 months. With the close win, the Texans improved to 6-3. They are the first team since the 1970 Giants to win 6 in a row after starting 0-3. With another close win, the Texans improved to 7–3, their best start since 2012. They also tied their longest win streak in franchise history at 7 straight, which they previously accomplished in 2011. This is the second straight game that the Texans have won thanks to a missed last second field goal. The Texans successfully avenged their Week 2

neg: 2009 NFL season winning five of them, tied for second with the San Francisco 49ers and the New England Patriots, behind only the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ironically, the Texans' franchise, which left Dallas to become the Kansas City Chiefs, won Super Bowl IV, two years before the Cowboys won their first. Though there was never an actual game between the Dallas Texans and the Cowboys, the 2009 "throwback" game played against Kansas City (Dallas Texans) and the Dallas Cowboys was played as "The Game that Never Was". The [Dallas] Cowboys won the game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, 26–20 in overtime. Strangely,

neg: 1962 Dallas Texans season 1962 Dallas Texans season The 1962 Dallas Texans season was the third and final season of Lamar Hunt's American Football League franchise before its relocation to Kansas City from Dallas. The Texans won their first AFL championship (and only title in Dallas) when they defeated their intrastate rivals, the two-time defending champion Houston Oilers, 20–17 in double overtime—a game which now stands as the second longest game in pro football history and the longest in AFL history. Coach Hank Stram was named the AFL Coach of the Year and RB Curtis McClinton (Kansas) was named AFL Rookie of the Year.

neg: Tommy Brooker Blanda late in the first overtime of professional football's longest championship game. Hull's interception allowed the Texans to start the second overtime with two runs by Jack Spikes to move the ball to the Oilers' 25-yard line, and Brooker kicked a field goal to give the Texans the win, 20– 17. The field goal saved Texans star running back Abner Haynes from what could have been a costly error: at the start of the overtime, Haynes won the coin toss and stated that his team would "kick to the clock", which not only gave the Oilers first possession, but put

neg: Battle Red Day and the Texans Cheerleaders and encouraged participants to wear red and participate in either a 5K Race, 5K Run/Walk, or Toro’s Kids K. All-time Battle Red Day record: 11–9 Battle Red Day Battle Red Day is an annual tradition of the Houston Texans franchise of the National Football League that was started in 2003. In 2003, the Texans unveiled a red alternate jersey that the team could wear up to twice a year at home games, as per the NFL's rule on alternate uniform use. The team decided to designate these games where the team would wear the red jerseys

neg: Texans–Titans rivalry Houston hosted Tennessee; the Titans had to win to keep their playoff hopes alive. The Titans won on a botched two-point conversion try by the Texans, who were trying for the win. Due to the playoff scenarios, the Titans missed the playoffs. If Tennessee had qualified to play in the NFL playoffs, they would have played the Texans in the AFC Wild-Card round. Texans–Titans rivalry The Texans–Titans rivalry is a professional American football rivalry in the National Football League (NFL) between the Houston Texans and Tennessee Titans. The Texans–Titans rivalry is an intense rivalry, pitting the Tennessee Titans (formerly based

neg: 2012 Houston Texans season and WR Wes Welker. 2012 Houston Texans season The 2012 Houston Texans season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League and the 7th under head coach Gary Kubiak. The Texans improved on their 10–6 record from 2011, in which the team earned its first playoff berth and division title in franchise history. The Texans won their second consecutive AFC South division title, and defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in the Wild Card round of the playoffs for a second consecutive season, but were defeated by the New England Patriots in the divisional round. Notes (2012 Miami Dolphins season)The

neg: 2013 Houston Texans season a franchise-best 12–4 record just the year before, the Texans tie a league record with the Houston Oilers (who, coincidentally, also went 12–4 in 1993 and 2–14 in 1994) for the biggest season-to-season decline in win total. On January 3, 2014, claiming that "I'm ready to kick 2013 the hell out the door", Texans owner Robert McNair announced that former Penn State head coach Bill O'Brien would be the Texans' third head coach. Draft trades The Texans won their fourth straight regular season opener and picked up their first franchise victory against the San Diego Chargers, improving to 1–4 against

neg: 2009 Houston Texans season wide left. In what was another close game resulting in a tough loss, the Texans went into their bye week at 5–4. Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Colts, the Texans went home for an AFC South rivalry match against the Tennessee Titans. In the first quarter Houston got on the board first as QB Matt Schaub got a 3-yard touchdown pass to RB Steve Slaton. In the second quarter the Titans replied with QB Vince Young completing a 13-yard touchdown pass to WR Kenny Britt. Then Houston tried to pull away as Schaub hooked up with WR

neg: Battle of Ayacucho with their regiment commanders, went to Lima to join the independentists. The unit was then reorganized by General Mariano Necochea. In the midst of these events, the minister of Colombia, Joaquín Mosquera "fearing the ruin of our army" asked Bolivar "and what do you plan to do now?". Bolívar, in a decided manner, answered: "Triumph!". The events at El Callao extended the war until 1826, and had the immediate result that Lima was occupied by Canterac. It is said that had there been military action against Bolívar on 26 May, it "would have given the final blow to independence in

neg: History of the Kansas City Chiefs History of the Kansas City Chiefs The following is a detailed history of the Kansas City Chiefs, a professional American football franchise that began play in 1960 as the Dallas Texans. The team was a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and now is currently part of the National Football League (NFL) (they are not associated with an earlier Dallas Texans NFL team that only played for one season in 1952). The Texans won the AFL Championship in 1962, and the team relocated to Kansas City, Missouri the following year. In 1966, the Chiefs won their second AFL

neg: Feminism in Mexico service to the country did not result in political rights until the middle of the twentieth century. Women distinguished themselves in battle and command during the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), and also were employed as spies, provocateurs, and seductresses. Newspapers in 1812 harangued women to take part in the independence effort as they owed their countrymen a debt for submitting to conquest and subordinating Mexico to Spanish rule. Mexican women did have some rights, including greater property rights, than their counterparts elsewhere in North America. Spanish colonial law, and Mexican law after independence, recognized the separate individual property of

neg: Battle of Yellow House Canyon R. Cook, managed to repel a flanking movement from the natives; even so, the outnumbered Texans were forced to withdraw down the canyon. The Comanche then set a grass fire to use it as a smoke screen. At midafternoon, a retreat was ordered, and the hunters set out towards Buffalo Springs. The natives trailed them briefly before breaking off. The Texans used a bonfire as a decoy before pulling out altogether during the night; they set fires behind them to obscure their tracks. They finally returned to Rath City on March 27. Although the battle itself was a failure, it

neg: 2007 Houston Texans season the Buccaneers, the Texans stayed at home, donned their battle red alternates, and played a Thursday night intraconference duel with the Denver Broncos. In the first quarter, Houston drew first blood as QB Sage Rosenfels got a 5-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Broncos got on the board with kicker Jason Elam getting a 41-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Texans responded with kicker Kris Brown getting a 41-yard field goal. Denver ended the half as Elam nailed a 47-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Houston replied with RB Ron Dayne

neg: Sando (official) group of princes and lamas. They composed a joint memorial to the Khutukhtu asking what Mongolia should do in lieu of the provincial uprisings. He advised that Mongolians form a state of their own. On December 1, 1911, a delegation of nobles and lamas visited Sando's office, and informed him of their decision to declare independence and to install the Khutuktu as emperor. Sando pleaded with the delegation. He admitted that what had come to pass was the result of his own folly, and he promised to recommend full autonomy for Mongolia, but not independence. The delegation curtly replied that

neg: Venezuela independence on 5 July 1811. This began the Venezuelan War of Independence. A devastating earthquake that struck Caracas in 1812, together with the rebellion of the Venezuelan "llaneros", helped bring down the first Venezuelan republic. A second Venezuelan republic, proclaimed on August 7, 1813, lasted several months before being crushed, as well. Sovereignty was only attained after Simón Bolívar, aided by José Antonio Páez and Antonio José de Sucre, won the Battle of Carabobo on 24 June 1821. On 24 July 1823, José Prudencio Padilla and Rafael Urdaneta helped seal Venezuelan independence with their victory in the Battle of Lake

neg: Brandon Weeden as the main backup. Weeden was claimed off waivers by the Houston Texans on November 18. He debuted with the team in a game against the Indianapolis Colts on December 20, leading the Texans to their first-ever victory in Indianapolis after starting quarterback T. J. Yates was injured. On December 27, Weeden made his first start with the Texans against the Tennessee Titans. He was 15-24 for 200 yards and 2 touchdowns, while also rushing for 11 yards and another score as the Texans won by a score of 34-6. The next week he returned to a backup role after

neg: 2008 Chicago Bears season Brown blocked a Crosby field goal attempt to force overtime, Chicago would seal the victory as Gould nailed the game-winning 38-yard field goal. With the win, the Bears kept their playoff hopes alive at 9–6. Week 17: at Houston Texans Needing a win to stay alive in the playoff picture, the Bears flew to Reliant Stadium for a crucial Week 17 interconference battle with the Houston Texans. Chicago got off to a fast first-quarter start as quarterback Kyle Orton completed a 4-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Brandon Lloyd, followed by kicker Robbie Gould's 37-yard field goal. The Texans responded

neg: Fort Worth Texans Fort Worth Texans The Fort Worth Texans were a professional ice hockey team based in Fort Worth, Texas. They started play in 1967 as the Fort Worth Wings, a minor league affiliate for the Detroit Red Wings. They were part of the Central Hockey League and played their home games at Will Rogers Coliseum. The team won their only Adams Cup Championship, in 1978 by defeating their arch rival Dallas Black Hawks 5–4 in overtime of game seven of the finals. Beginning play in 1967, the Fort Worth Wings were a force to be reckoned with. The newest team in

neg: 2012 Houston Texans season a relatively stress free 24–10 victory. With the win, the Texans set a new team record for wins in a season, while improving to 11–1 and also clinched the franchise's second straight trip to the playoffs and swept the Titans for the first time since 2004. (2012 New England Patriots)The Texans were thoroughly outplayed in what would turn out to be a preview of the Divisional Round rematch between both teams. The Texans dropped to 11–2 with the loss. (2012 Indianapolis Colts season)With their victory over the Colts, the Texans improved to 12–2 on the season and 5–0 against division

neg: 2014 Houston Texans season offsetting penalties gave the Raiders another chance. On the second attempt, the Texans recovered the ball to win the game 30-14. With the win, the Texans started a season 2–0 for the fifth year in a row and matched their win total from the 2013 season. This was the only game of the 2014 season where the Texans scored in the 1st quarter until week 7 against the Steelers. In what would become typical for the Texans' 2014 season, the offense was relatively quiet, not scoring at all in the first half. The Giants would lead 14-0 at the end

neg: 2006 Houston Texans season tied it 24–24 with 2:41 remaining. Carr and the Texans then engineered a six-play, 31-yard drive that ended with Brown's winning kick. Carr was 16-of-23 for 163 yards and a touchdown and was not sacked. "at Reliant Stadium, Houston, Texas" Chris Taylor ran for 99 yards with a touchdown as the Houston Texans defeated the Cleveland Browns, 14–6, at Reliant Stadium. Taylor carried the ball 20 times in the contest and Anthony Maddox returned a fumble 47 yards for a score, as the Texans won three of their last five games of the season to finish 6–10. David Carr managed

neg: 2015 Houston Texans season a total of 6 sacks for the Texans' defense. The game started off as a defensive battle for both teams with the first score of the game coming late in the 1st quarter. The Bengals originally went for a 32-yard field goal, but a holding penalty made it a 42-yard attempt for Mike Nugent. With the kick good, Cincinnati took a 3-0 lead with 1:33 left in the 1st. The Texans responded on their next possession with a 22-yard field goal from Nick Novak early in the 2nd to tie the game 3-3. To close out the first half, a

neg: 2018 Denver Broncos season was successful, giving the Texans a 16–10 lead. The Broncos took their first and only lead of the game, with quarterback Case Keenum throwing a 12-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jeff Heuerman, which was the only scoring play of the third quarter. The Texans reclaimed the lead early in the fourth quarter, with a 37-yard field goal by Fairbairn. The drive was extended as the result of a defensive holding penalty on Broncos' safety Su'a Cravens on a third-down play. Following an exchange of punts, the Broncos, trailing 19–17, had one last offensive possession, and reached the Texans' 33-yard

neg: Pillars of Eternity Eastern Reach contains several nations, including the Free Palatinate of Dyrwood, a former colony of the mighty Aedyr Empire that won its independence through a revolutionary war; the Vailian Republics, a confederation of sovereign city-states; and the Penitential Regency of Readceras, a quasi-theocratic state ruled by priests of the god Eothas. Technologically and socially, most of the civilizations in Eora are in what roughly corresponds to the early stages of the Renaissance. Firearms are still a relatively new invention and are quite cumbersome to use; as a result, their use is not widespread. They have, however, proven quite effective against

neg: Samkon Gado are headed with our football team we got to send a message to our football team about the way we are going to play and what we are going to be about." On October 23, 2007 the Texans released him after promoting Adimchinobi Echemandu to their third-string RB. Gado had rushed for only 46 yards on 18 attempts with 1 TD. Shortly before Gado's release from Houston, the Miami Dolphins lost starting running back Ronnie Brown to a torn ACL. As a result, the Dolphins claimed Gado off waivers. However, he did not see playing time for his first few

neg: 2007 Kansas City Chiefs season the fourth quarter, the Texans controlled the ball and kept the Chiefs' offense off the field. When the Chiefs received their first chance to score in the fourth quarter with just over five minutes remaining, they failed to capitalize on offense. For only the second time in Texans history, the franchise won their opening day game as the Chiefs began their season at 0–1. The Chiefs' Eddie Kennison pulled his hamstring on the team's first possession, and Patrick Surtain injured his shoulder. RB Larry Johnson was limited by the Texans defense to just 43 yards on 10 carries. Following a

neg: Convention of 1833 October Austin wrote a letter encouraging Texans to form their own state government. This letter was forwarded to the Mexican government and Austin was imprisoned in early 1834. During his imprisonment, the federal and state legislatures later passed a series of measures to placate the colonists, including the introduction of trial by jury. Austin acknowledged that "[e]very evil complained of has been remedied." Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821. After the new country's monarchy was overthrown, the Constitution of 1824 established a federalist republic composed of multiple states. Sparsely populated provinces were denied independent statehood and instead merged

neg: 2007 Houston Texans season loss, Houston fell to 2–1. Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Colts, the Texans flew to the Georgia Dome for an interconference battle with the winless Atlanta Falcons, where QB Matt Schaub fought against his former team. In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Falcons kicker Morten Andersen nailed a 28-yard field goal. The Texans managed to take the lead with Schaub completing a 35-yard TD pass to WR André Davis. However, Atlanta regained the lead with QB Joey Harrington completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Michael Jenkins In the second quarter, Houston's current

neg: AFC South since 2010. Again in 2014, the Colts claimed the division title by defeating the Texans in a week 15 matchup, 17-10. The Texans took over as AFC South champions in 2015 following their 30-6 win over Jacksonville in week 16. Houston repeated as division champions in 2016; despite finishing with matching 9-7 records along with Tennessee, the Texans earned the AFC South’s automatic berth into the NFL playoffs based on finishing better against the division (5-1) than the Titans (2-4). In 2017, the Jacksonville Jaguars won their first AFC South title after a Titans loss to the Rams in Week

neg: History of Estonia and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia in 1208. Estonian tribes fiercely resisted the attacks from Riga and occasionally themselves sacked territories controlled by the crusaders. In 1217 the German crusading order the Sword Brethren and their recently converted allies won a major battle in which the Estonian commander Lembitu was killed. The period of the several Northern Crusade battles in Estonia between 1208 and 1227 is also known as the period of the ancient Estonian fight for independence. Northern Estonia was conquered by Danish crusaders led by king Waldemar II, who arrived in

neg: History of the Houston Texans franchise history, during the offseason. In 2014, the Texans won three of their first four games, defeating the Redskins in the season opener, the Raiders, and the Bills, losing to the New York Giants. They lost three of their next four games, losing to the Dallas Cowboys, the Indianapolis Colts, and the Pittsburgh Steelers, respectively. The Texans went on to finish 9–7 in the 2014 season and barely missed the playoffs. In the 2015 season, they were featured on HBO, on the show "Hard Knocks". That year, the Texans started with a 2–5 record. Quarterback Ryan Mallett was released amidst

neg: Battle of Yarmouk reorganised virtually all his cavalry and committed them to a grand manoeuvre that won the battle. George F. Nafziger, in his book "Islam at war", describes the battle as: Battle of Yarmouk The Battle of Yarmouk was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, near the Yarmouk River, along what today are the borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria–Palestine, east of the Sea of Galilee. The result of the battle was a complete Muslim

neg: Battle of Little Robe Creek easy as the first, though Ford's official reports made clear the Texans had every intention of doing to the second encampment what they had done to the first. The mixed force under Ford proceeded on, and attacked a moderately large encampment of approximately 70-100 lodges further upriver. Fortunately for the Comanche, a warrior saw the Texan forces advancing upriver after the original dawn attack on the solitary encampment, and had ridden hastily to warn the second, and larger, group. Thus, the Comanche were able to mount a defensive action, protecting their women and children, at the cost of many warriors'