query: high altitude warfare school of indian army is located

pos: High Altitude Warfare School High Altitude Warfare School The High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is a training and research establishment of the Indian Army. In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High Altitude Warfare School of the Indian army specialising in snow–craft and winter warfare. It is one of the most famous warfare academies of the world. Selected soldiers from the US, UK, Germany and other countries visit regularly for specialist training. The school was established in December 1948 by General Kodendera Subayya Thimayya, then holding the rank of Brigadier. It was initially known as the "19

pos: High Altitude Warfare School the Siachen Glacier and to other high altitude forward posts on the Himalayan borders go through the courses. HAWS is the nodal instructional facility for specialized training and dissemination of approved doctrines in mountain, high altitude and snow warfare. The training programs at HAWS are open to personnel of the armed forces of friendly countries. High Altitude Warfare School The High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is a training and research establishment of the Indian Army. In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High Altitude Warfare School of the Indian army specialising in snow–craft

pos: Mountain warfare loaded pack at night. For more specialized training, the Army operates the Parvat Ghatak School (Hindi: पर्वत घातक, "Mountain Strike" or "Mountain Warrior") at Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh. This high-altitude commando school is the highest of its kind at 15,000 feet, with the mercury dipping to minus 20 degrees, providing a freezing tougher terrain to impart training in conditions similar to Siachen. Another school, the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is located near Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir. Set up in 1948 as the 19 Infantry Division Ski School, HAWS has over the years become the Indian Army's nodal center for "specialised

pos: Indian Army to train its personnel. Pre-commission training of Gentlemen Cadets is carried out at the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun and the Officers Training Academy at Chennai. There are also specialised training institutions like the Army War College, at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS), at Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, the Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJW), in Vairengte, Mizoram, and the College of Military Engineering (CME), in Pune. There is an Army Training Command (ARTRAC) at Shimla, whose main aim is to maximise the effectiveness of the training of personnel. The Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI)

pos: Mountain warfare of India and Nepal (such as Gurkha, Kumaon, Garhwal and Dogras), Indian Mountain Warfare Units are considered among the best in the world . Numerous army units across the world are now implementing training modules modeled after Indian Mountain Warfare training systems. These include forces from UK, US, Russia, Israel, etc. In 2004, US special forces teams were sent to India to learn from Indian Army experiences of the Kargil War prior to their deployment for operations in Afghanistan. Russian troops also trained at the High Altitude Warfare School in Gulmarg for operations in Chechnya. They also visited Siachen and

pos: Bana Singh was a farmer and his uncles were soldiers in the Indian Army. He enrolled in the Indian Army on 6 January 1969 into the 8th Battalion of the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry (JAK LI). He was trained at the High Altitude Warfare School in Gulmarg and also at another school at Sonamarg. In 1987, the strategically important Siachen area had been infiltrated by the Pakistani forces. The Pakistanis had captured an important position, which they called "Quaid post" (from Quaid-e-Azam, the title of Muhammad Ali Jinnah). The post was located at a height of 6500 metres on the highest

pos: Gulmarg Sikh Regiment, which had been airlifted to Srinagar only after the Dogra ruler of the state Maharaja Hari Singh had signed an Instrument of Accession with India on 26 October 1947, successfully defended the outskirts of Srinagar. Thereafter, Indian counterattacks pushed the tribesmen back and many towns including Gulmarg were recaptured. In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High Altitude Warfare School of the Indian army specializing in snow–craft and winter warfare. On 1 January 1949, the war ended under UN supervision and a Ceasefire line (CFL), which was rechristened the Line of

pos: Indian Armed Forces medical staff to the Armed Forces by giving them in-service training. Officer recruitment is through many military-related academies. Besides the tri-service National Defence Academy, Pune, the three services have their own training institutes for this purpose. These include: the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, Air Force Academy, Hyderabad, Officers Training Academy at Chennai and Gaya. Other notable institutions are the Army War College, at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS), at Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, the Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJW), in Vairengte, Mizoram, and the College of Military Engineering (CME), in

pos: High Altitude Warfare School Infantry Division Ski School". During the winter of 1949-50, the school was redesignated as a Command Establishment and renamed as the "Winter Warfare School". On 8 April 1962, it was upgraded to a Category A Training Establishment and adopted its current name. HAWS offers two training programmes, the "Mountain Warfare course" and the "Winter Warfare course". The Mountain Warfare course is conducted in Sonamarg between May and October each year. The Winter Warfare course is conducted in Gulmarg between January and April. The two courses train personnel in High Altitude warfare, counter intelligence and survival skills. Army personnel deployed to

pos: Jagdish Singh (skier) a former winter Olympian, as his coach. Jagdish Singh (skier) Jagdish Singh (born 1 July 1991) is an Olympian, representing India at 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang. He competed in men's 15 km freestyle cross-country skiing. He qualified in the Olympics for the first time. Singh joined Indian Army in 2011. He receives his training from Indian Army’s High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) in Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir. He qualified in the 2018 Winter Olympics by securing just one point above the qualification mark, during an event in Finland. There was a bit controversy in appointing his coach, however, just

pos: Jagdish Singh (skier) Jagdish Singh (skier) Jagdish Singh (born 1 July 1991) is an Olympian, representing India at 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang. He competed in men's 15 km freestyle cross-country skiing. He qualified in the Olympics for the first time. Singh joined Indian Army in 2011. He receives his training from Indian Army’s High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) in Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir. He qualified in the 2018 Winter Olympics by securing just one point above the qualification mark, during an event in Finland. There was a bit controversy in appointing his coach, however, just before the event, HAWS recommended Nadeem Iqbal,

pos: Mountain warfare training and dissemination of doctrines" in high-altitude, mountain and snow warfare. HAWS Mountain warfare courses are conducted in the Sonamarg area, and snow-craft & winter warfare training in the Gulmarg area. HAWS played an important role during the Kargil War by conducting crash courses for troops prior to their deployment. Given the experience of the Indian Army in mountain warfare, troops from other nations regularly train and conduct joint exercises at these schools. Because of its experience in fighting wars in mountain regions for over 50 years, as well as its history of recruitment of natives from the Himalayan regions

pos: Burton Silver Burton Silver Burton Silver is a cartoonist, parodist, writer, art critic and inventor. He lives in South Wairarapa, New Zealand. Silver was born in 1945 and attended Wellington College, later completing a B.A. at Victoria University of Wellington in psychology and sociology and Asian Studies. He worked initially as a boilermaker's assistant on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia and later as safari guide based in Darwin. Returning to NZ he developed and sold short skis, the Fiessen Resin 120 before travelling in Asia where he worked briefly as an advisor to the Indian High Altitude Warfare school in Gulmarg. At

neg: MARCOS Majority of the training is conducted at INS Abhimanyu which is also the home base of MARCOS. All MARCOS personnel are freefall qualified (HALO/HAHO). A few also qualify to operate the Cosmos CE-2F/X100 two-man subs. MARCOS train along with the Special Forces officers of the Indian Army like the Para Commandos at the Indian Special Forces Training School, Nahan and Army's other schools for Unconventional warfare These include the Junior Leaders' Commando Training Camp in Belgaum, Karnataka, the Parvat Ghatak School (for high altitude mountain warfare) in Tawang Arunachal Pradesh, Desert warfare school in Rajasthan, the High Altitude Warfare School

neg: Siachen conflict 1984 neither India nor Pakistan had any permanent presence in the area. Having become aware of the US military maps and the permit incidents, Colonel Narendra Kumar, then commanding officer of the Indian Army's High Altitude Warfare School, mounted an Army expedition to the Siachen area as a counter-exercise. In 1978 this expedition climbed Teram Kangri II, claiming it as a first ascent in a typical 'oropolitical' riposte. Unusually for the normally secretive Indian Army, the news and photographs of this expedition were published in The Illustrated Weekly of India, a widely circulated popular magazine. The first public acknowledgment of

neg: Para (Special Forces) Arunachal Pradesh, the desert warfare school in Rajasthan, the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) in Sonamarg, Kashmir, the Counterinsurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) in Vairengte, Mizoram, and the Indian special forces training school in Nahan, Himachal Pradesh. These schools are among the finest of their kind anywhere, and routinely host students from other countries. Members of USSOCOM (United States Special Operations Command) and UKSF (United Kingdom Special Forces) have conducted joint training exercises with the Indian Paras. SOF members from the three nations routinely train at each other's facilities to improve military cooperation and tactical skills. This allows the

neg: Narendra Kumar (mountaineer) one full batch of students(40 climbers and 30 porters) from the High Altitude Warfare School in 1978, saying that he is taking them for practical training.It was the first Indian expedition into the remote glacier. The team started at the snout of the glacier and reached glacier's halfway point, braving temperatures that dipped to −50 degrees Celsius, and navigating tricky crevasses, peaks and passes—bound to each other with thick ropes.From there, a summit team of three completed an ascent of 24,631-foot Teram Kangri II,located on the southern edge of Shaksgam Valley.The Indian Air Force provided valuable support to this expedition

neg: India at the 2010 Winter Olympics India at the 2010 Winter Olympics Three athletes represented India at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They did not win any medals. Typically for the Summer Olympics, Indian Olympic athletes are supported indirectly (through jobs for athletes at the Ministry of Railways), augmented by private support from various sources, including (this year) support and uniforms provided by Indo-Canadians. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, two skiers, both Ladakh Scouts and graduates of the High Altitude Warfare School, are supported indirectly by the Indian Army, while the third athlete has cobbled together late-arriving Ministry of Sports support, augmented

neg: India at the 2010 Winter Olympics 2009 was the first time he received any government support. India at the 2010 Winter Olympics Three athletes represented India at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They did not win any medals. Typically for the Summer Olympics, Indian Olympic athletes are supported indirectly (through jobs for athletes at the Ministry of Railways), augmented by private support from various sources, including (this year) support and uniforms provided by Indo-Canadians. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, two skiers, both Ladakh Scouts and graduates of the High Altitude Warfare School, are supported indirectly by the Indian Army, while the third

neg: Ladakh Scouts Ladakh Scouts The Ladakh Scouts is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, nicknamed the "Snow Warriors" or "Snow Tigers". Specializing in mountain warfare, the regiment's primary role is to guard India's borders in the high altitude areas of the Ladakh region, as well as Jammu & Kashmir in general. Raised by Colonel S.P. Salunke, the Ladakh Scouts were converted into an Army regiment in 2000. The Ladakh Scouts recruits mainly from India's Ladakhi and Tibetan communities and is among the Indian Army's most decorated units. Its soldiers have been honored with over 300 gallantry awards and citations including one

neg: Sickle Moon Peak a team of Indian High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) led by Lt. Col. D. N. Tankha made the first ascent of this Peak. The massif is accessed by 145 kilometers by road from Srinagar up to Kishtwar town and then 50 kilometers alpine track leads to the base of the summit. Sickle Moon Peak Sickle Moon Peak or Bharanzar Peak () is located in the Kishtwar Himalaya and is the highest summit of the range. It lies in the eastern Himalayan range, and is north of Brammah massis in Kishtwar, 55 kilometers east of Kishtwar town and 195 kilometers east

neg: Mountain leader Mountain leader A mountain leader is a military professional specialising in delivering training for, or leading, operations in high altitude or extremely low temperature environments. The conduct of warfare in high altitude or arctic environments in the British Armed Forces is the province of 3 Commando Brigade, a formation of the Royal Marines with a number of attached army elements. The brigade conducts annual training in the northern regions of Norway and has been deployed for high altitude operations globally. Associated with the tasking as the lead force for mountain and Arctic warfare is the existence of the trade specialisation

neg: Mountain warfare numerous skirmishes in this most inhospitable of mountain territories, at altitudes over and at temperatures as low as . Due to the instability in the region and the need for permanent deployments in the mountainous regions, India's mountain warfare units were expanded after the 1962 war, with the creation of six mountain divisions. The Indian Army presently has ten divisions dedicated to mountain warfare (eight mountain divisions and two mountain strike divisions) and another infantry division earmarked for high altitude operations. Each division has a personnel strength of 10,000–13,000 troops and consists of three brigades with 3,000 to 4,500 men

neg: Army Mountain Warfare School the course during the summer as they are in school, and training during the school season. Other ROTC summer schools include: Airborne School, Air Assault School, Combat Diver Qualification Course, Drill Cadet Leadership Training, and Northern Warfare. Official ANWS website Vermont National Guard Army Mountain Warfare School The Army Mountain Warfare School (AMWS) is a United States Army school located at the Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Jericho, Vermont to train soldiers in mountain warfare, the specialized skills required for operating in mountainous terrain. It is home to the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. The school is located in Vermont's

neg: Army Mountain Warfare School Army Mountain Warfare School The Army Mountain Warfare School (AMWS) is a United States Army school located at the Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Jericho, Vermont to train soldiers in mountain warfare, the specialized skills required for operating in mountainous terrain. It is home to the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. The school is located in Vermont's Green Mountains. The school teaches a number of courses to train soldiers of the army (including the Army Reserve, Army National Guard, and ROTC Cadets) in military operations in mountainous areas. Graduates of the Basic Military Mountaineer Course (BMMC) receive the special qualification

neg: John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and education of Special Forces and Psychological Operations personnel. In 1960, the school's responsibilities expanded to counterinsurgency operations. In 1962, the Special Warfare Center established a Special Forces Training Group to train enlisted volunteers for operational assignments within Special Forces units. The Advanced Training Committee was formed to explore and develop methods of infiltration and exfiltration. On 16 May 1969, the school was renamed the U.S. Army Institute for Military Assistance. The curriculum was expanded to provide training in high-altitude, low-opening (HALO) parachuting and SCUBA operations. The institute comprised the SF School, Psychological Operations, Military Assistance Training Advisors School, Counter-Insurgency

neg: Mountain warfare The "Centro Addestramento Alpino" Aosta is the Army's school responsible for the mountain training of its troops. The 6th Regiment is based in Innichen in the province of South Tyrol and directly subordinated to the Alpine Troops Command (COMALP). It functions as a NATO-wide high altitude warfare training centre and administers the Training Areas in the Puster Valley. In the Pakistan Army, mountain training is considered part of overall training and all soldiers and units are expected to be proficient at it. Almost all units of all arms serve tours in Kashmir (Pakistan administrated Kashmir) and Northern Areas, often in

neg: Zahirul Islam Abbasi he was declared "persona non grata" and expelled from India. In April 1984, the Siachen conflict broken out between India and Pakistan, leading to a war-like situation that has lasted since then. Thousands of Pakistani and Indian soldiers have been killed in high-altitude warfare. As a Brigadier, Abbasi was deployed as a unit commander in the Siachen area in 1991. Abbasi opposed the restraint imposed by the army under prime minister Nawaz Sharif, and planned an assault with a group of army officers. Striving to seize key posts. Abbasi and his allies were removed from their posts by the army

neg: Rattu Cantonment cantonment. It also serves as the army base camp to communicate across other northern regions of Pakistan. Rattu Cantonment Rattu Cantonment is a century plus old cantonment located at Rattu in Astore district of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 9000 ft above sea level. During summer, the weather remains pleasant but winters are very cold and temperatures vary between ~20 °C to -35 °C. Rattu receives three to six feet snow during winter. The Army High Altitude School of Pakistan Army is based at Rattu Cantonment. The cantonment is surrounded by two rivers namely Kalapani

neg: Rattu Cantonment Rattu Cantonment Rattu Cantonment is a century plus old cantonment located at Rattu in Astore district of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 9000 ft above sea level. During summer, the weather remains pleasant but winters are very cold and temperatures vary between ~20 °C to -35 °C. Rattu receives three to six feet snow during winter. The Army High Altitude School of Pakistan Army is based at Rattu Cantonment. The cantonment is surrounded by two rivers namely Kalapani and Mir Malik. Mountain craft training sites, river crossing sites and ski slopes are located within the

neg: Indian Army of mountain warfare. The highest peak in the Siachen glacier region, Saltoro Kangri, could be viewed as strategically important for India because of its immense altitude which could enable the Indian forces to monitor some Pakistani or Chinese movements in the immediate area. Maintaining control over Siachen poses several logistical challenges for the Indian Army. Several infrastructure projects were constructed in the region, including a helipad at 21,000 feet (6,400 m) above the sea level. In 2004, the Indian Army was spending an estimated US$2 million a month to support its personnel stationed in the region. Counter-insurgency activities The Indian

neg: Para (Special Forces) ammunition at all times which is a reason for fatal accidents at times leading to death. Night and weapons training and field craft involving treks with loads and live ammunition are conducted. Weekly forced marches with combat loads with distances over to and quarterly night drops with full combat loads are also conducted. In addition to this in-house training, the commandos also attend a number of schools run by the Army that specialise in terrain and environmental warfare. These include the Junior Leaders' Commando Training Camp in Belgaum, Karnataka, the Parvat Ghatak School (for high altitude mountain warfare) in Tawang

neg: Corps of Army Air Defence new anti-aircraft units were raised in the regular army, serving alongside the existing anti-aircraft units which were used for static roles. Separate units were established to tackle the high and low altitude bombers, and anti-aircraft units and formations were systematized on the basis of required gun density, with larger numbers of troops and guns being allocated to the highly vulnerable and sensitive areas compared to less vulnerable areas. In July 1940, the government established training schools for anti-aircraft and coastal defence wings at Karachi. These schools predominantly trained Indian personnel including commissioned, junior commissioned and non-commissioned officers in anti-aircraft warfare.

neg: Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India) Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India) The Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) in Vairengte, Mizoram, India is a training and research establishment of the Indian Army specialising in unconventional warfare, especially counter-insurgency and guerrilla warfare. CIJWS is one of the premier counter-insurgency training institutions in the world. The school's motto is to "fight the guerrilla like a guerrilla". The original plans to set up a counter-insurgency unit to train soldiers came about following the government response to the Mizo militancy in the 1960s. Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, then the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-IN-C) of the Indian Army's Eastern Command,

neg: Mountain warfare active duties on the Line of Control or Siachin. The Army's High-Altitude School, at Rattu in Pakistan administrated Kashmir, is an ideal location on the confluence of the Hindukush, Himalayas, and Karakorum ranges. The school conducts training throughout the year and includes mountain climbing on peaks ranging from 15,000 to 20,000 feet and survival on glaciated terrain and in snowy and icy conditions. The Podhale rifles () is a traditional name of the mountain infantry units of the Polish Army. Formed in 1918 out of volunteers of the region of Podhale, in 1919 the smaller detachments of the Podhale rifles

neg: Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India) US Army and National Guard soldiers trained together in Exercise Yudh Abhyas 04. The two forces focused on reflexive firing, ambush, jungle patrolling, survival in the jungle and a fast roping technique called slithering. France, UK, Israel and Italy are the latest to have sought India's help in training their soldiers in counter-insurgency operations at this elite facility. Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India) The Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) in Vairengte, Mizoram, India is a training and research establishment of the Indian Army specialising in unconventional warfare, especially counter-insurgency and guerrilla warfare. CIJWS is one of the premier

neg: Corps of Army Air Defence January that year equipped with Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns, and the Royal High Altitude Airship ('R' HAA) Regiment, were renamed as 1 Indian Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment IA and 1 Indian High Altitude Airship Regiment IA respectively. By 1942, the air defence branch had grown considerably with eighteen operational anti-aircraft regiments, of which nine were High Altitude Airship regiments and nine were Low Altitude Airship regiments. Besides the four brigades that were exclusively undertaking air defence tasks,one independent High Altitude Airship battery and two independent Low batteries were also in existence, with two training centres established to train the personnel

neg: HAL Dhruv the Indian Army. India may order up to 12 Dhruvs outfitted with an onboard emergency medical suite, to be used by the Armed Forces Medical Services for MEDEVAC purposes. The Dhruv is capable of flying at high altitudes, as it was an Army requirement for the helicopter to be able operate in the Siachen Glacier and Kashmir regions. In September 2007, the Dhruv Mk.3 was cleared for high-altitude flying in the Siachen Sector after six months of trials. In October 2007, a Dhruv Mk.3 flew to an altitude of ASL in Siachen. An Indian Army report in 2009 criticised the

neg: Attack helicopter 2012 following their upgrade to the Block 1F initial operating standard. The eleventh and final Rooivalk was delivered on 13 March 2013. The Indian Army deploys the Mil Mi-35 (export variant of Mi-24V) and HAL Rudra as of 2014. During the Kargil War in 1999, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army found that there was a need for helicopters that can operate at such high-altitude conditions with ease. Limitations from operating with high payloads and restricted maneuverability of Mil Mi-35 led India to develop the HAL Light Combat Helicopter and HAL Rudra for multi-role high-altitude combat operations. These

neg: 6th Alpini Regiment in Innichen in South Tyrol and directly subordinated to the Alpine Troops Command (COMALP). It functions as a NATO-wide high altitude warfare training centre and administers the military training areas in the Puster Valley. 6th Alpini Regiment The 6th Alpini Regiment () is a light infantry training regiment of the Italian Army, specializing in mountain warfare. The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The 6th Alpini Regiment was formed on November 1, 1882. It consisted of the three battalions: Val d'Orco, Val d'Aosta,

neg: 8th Special Forces Group (United States) designated as a "C" team. The 8th had 2 "C" teams. Each "C" team had 3 "B" teams and each "B" team had 5 "A" teams. The 8th SAF also operated the NCO Academy, Airborne School and Underwater Operations School for the United States Army South (USARSO). They also provided support for the Jungle Warfare School at Fort Sherman, later renamed the Jungle Operations Training Center to be politically correct. Company A of the 8th Group was tasked with developing and maintaining a High Altitude Low Opening (HALO) team, Detachment A-13, that was prepared to make covert free-fall entry to

neg: Parachutist Badge (United States) wreath. Awarded for 65 static line jumps with a minimum of 36 months of cumulative time on jump status. The 65 jumps must include: (1) Four jumps during the hours of darkness; (2) Twenty-five jumps with operational equipment IAW AFI 11-410; (3) Two night jumps performing PJM duties; and (4) Fifteen jumps performing as PJM. Qualified Army and Air Force personnel may go on to earn the Military Freefall Parachutist Badge in special operations training for High Altitude Low Opening (HALO) and High Altitude High Opening (HAHO) jumps. HALO/HAHO training is conducted by Company B, 2nd Battalion, 1st Special Warfare

neg: Mountain warfare a Brazilian Army camouflaged uniform with reinforced seams. Mountain duties in Brazil are coordinated by the 4th Light Infantry Brigade (Mountain), in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais). It covers the 10th Light Mountain Infantry Battalion, 32th Light Mountain Infantry Battalion, 11th Mountain Infantry Battalion, 4th Mountain Artillery Group, 17th Mountain Logistic Battalion, 4th Mountain Cavalry Squad and the 4th Mountain Communications Company. Bulgaria's 101st Alpine Battalion (), based in Smolyan, is currently the only Bulgarian unit specialized in mountain warfare. A unique feature is their armament – Mosin–Nagant rifles, which were selected due to their excellent performance in high-altitude warfare.

neg: Mountain Warfare Training Center Mountain Warfare Training Center The Mountain Warfare Training Center (MWTC) is a United States Marine Corps installation located in Pickel Meadows on California State Route 108 at above sea level in the Toiyabe National Forest, northwest of Bridgeport, California. The training center exists to train units in complex compartmented terrain. The Marine Corps' Mountain Warfare Training Center, as a major subordinate element of Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, and with support from Marine Corps Installations - West, conducts unit and individual training courses to prepare USMC, Joint, and Allied Forces for operations in mountainous, high altitude, and cold

neg: Counter-insurgency Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and state government police. The Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) is located in the northeastern town of Vairengte in the Indian state of Mizoram. Personnel from countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Vietnam have attended this school. High quality graduate level training by a joint staff of highly trained special operators at Camp Taji Phoenix Academy and the Counterinsurgency Centre For Excellence is provided in India as well as many Indian Officers. Portugal's experience in counterinsurgency resulted from the "pacification" campaigns conducted in the Portuguese African

neg: Narendra Kumar (mountaineer) it was Cartographic error. In January 1978, he took his findings to Lieutenant General M. L. Chibber, India's director of military operations. Chibber quickly obtained permission for Kumar to mount a reconnaissance expedition to the Siachen. In 1978,Kumar, as commanding officer of the Indian Army's High Altitude Warfare School, joined two German explorers in an attempt to navigate the upper reaches of the Indus river in Ladakh. Two years later, one of his former co-travellers returned to India and asked Kumar to join him in an expedition to the Nubra Valley, which separates Ladakh from the Karakoram ranges. Kumar took

neg: Military history of India 19th century by taking the erstwhile presidency armies, merging them, and bringing them under the Crown. The British Indian Army fought in both World Wars. The armed forces succeeded the following India's independence in 1947. After World War II, many of the wartime troops were discharged and units disbanded. The reduced armed forces were partitioned between India and Pakistan. The Indian armed forces fought in all three wars against Pakistan and a war with the People's Republic of China. India also fought in the Kargil War with Pakistan in 1999, the highest altitude mountain warfare in history. The Indian Armed

neg: Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre its staff on international courses to learn best practices from allied nations and develop them into specialists and maintains a capability in desert, jungle, and amphibious warfare. A mutual parachute instructor exchange occurs throughout the year with the United States Army Airborne School to foster the relationship between Canadian and US forces. The SkyHawks Parachute Team is a sub-subunit of CAAWC, which conducts parachute demonstration and relative canopy work at airshows and special events worldwide. Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre The Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre (CAAWC, ) is a Canadian Forces training facility located at CFB Trenton, Ontario, Canada.

neg: Army Air Defence College Army Air Defence College The Army Air Defence College, (abbreviated as AADC), is the training academy for the Army Air Defence Corps of Indian Army. The college is located in the Gopalpur Military Station in Gopalpur, Odisha. It spreads over an area of 2700 acres of land. The primary objective of the academy is to impart technical and operational knowledge to the personnel of Indian Army posted to the Corps of Army Air Defence (AAD) about the air defence systems and anti-aircraft warfare. Besides the army personnel, the academy also trains personnel from navy, air force and officers from friendly

neg: Ghatak Force training, the soldiers are evaluated through speed marches in battle gear ranging from 20 to 60 km, carrying their rifles and 20 kg of weight in their rucksacks. Depending on their role and parent unit, the successful individuals often undergo specialized training in demolition, close quarter battle, navigation, rock climbing and heliborne assault. Some operators are sent to High Altitude Warfare School and Counterinsurgency and Jungle Warfare School as well. However, most of them are not parachute qualified. It is mandatory for all infantry officers to pass the Commando Training Course. These units are equipped with the IWI Tavor TAR-21,

neg: Baba Harbhajan Singh Baba Harbhajan Singh Captain "Baba" Harbhajan Singh (30 August 1946 – 4 October 1968) was an Indian army soldier. He is revered as the "Hero of Nathula" by soldiers of the Indian army, who built a shrine in his honour. He was accorded the status of saint by believers who refer to him as the "Baba" (saintly father). Many of his faithful - chiefly Indian army personnel posted in and around the Nathu La and the Sino-Indian border between the state of Sikkim and Chinese Tibet - have come to believe his spirit protects every soldier in the inhospitable high-altitude

neg: Special Service Group by the Naval Special Service Group (SSGN) at Karachi. (Three classes of combat swimmers are recognized: 1st class to those completing an 18-mile swim, 2nd class to those finishing a 15-mile swim, and 3rd class for a 10-mile swim.) Due to the Siachen crisis,a High-Altitude Mountain Warfare School has been established at Khappalu to train the SSG and other Army units for operations on the Siachen Glacier.Other areas of the commando training include internal security, assault and small unit tactics, sniping, demolition, survival, languages, small arms familiarization, Fighting In Built Up Areas (FIBUA), Close Quarter Battle tactics (CQB), Long Range

neg: Indian Army Infantry Division, Hawaii, along with a platoon of Strykers, and a similar sized Indian Army contingent of mechanised infantry. The event is all the more interesting as a number of key surveillance, communications and Improvised Explosive Devices detection and neutralisation technologies, available to both sides have been fielded in the exercise. An Indian-born US Army linguist and translator assigned to the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, explains weapons-range safety procedures to Indian Army soldiers with the 99th Mountain Brigade before they fire American machine guns 4 May 2013, at Fort Bragg, N.C. They are part of Yudh

neg: Mechanised Infantry Regiment affiliation to INS Gharial, of the Indian Navy. The Mechanised Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army has a special distinction of operating even in the high altitude areas of Ladakh and Sikkim. Gen Sundarji was appointed the first Colonel of the Mechanized Infantry Regiment, the post he held till his retirement. Mechanised Infantry Regiment The Mechanised Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, comprising 26 battalions dispersed under various armoured formations throughout India. It is one of the youngest regiments in the army, and though it was formed as a result of lessons learned in the 1965

neg: High Mountain Military School Military School (EMHM), including the three paragliding pilot licenses (Brevet A, B, and C) each having a higher qualification level. Example: The C-card is for all-weather solo flights, all sites, and night flights. High Mountain Military School The École militaire de haute montagne (High Mountain Military School) (ÉMHM) is a training establishment of the French Army, that trains French and allied service personnel in mountain warfare, skiing, mountain leadership, and arctic warfare. The "École de haute montagne" (High Mountain School)was created in Chamonix in 1932, becoming the world's first specialist training school for mountain troop leaders. The aims of the

neg: Gustavo Zubieta-Castillo to death”". This concept has indeed changed the way high altitude diseases are interpreted. On July 9, 1970, Zubieta-Castillo was the founder of the first high altitude clinic in the world located in La Paz, Bolivia High Altitude Pathology Institute. One of his theories is the proposal that man has the extraordinary capability to adapt to live in the hypoxic environment of the highest point on the planet Earth: the summit of Mt. Everest. Gustavo Zubieta-Castillo Professor Dr. Gustavo Zubieta-Castillo MD (May 20, 1926 – September 17, 2015) was a Bolivian physician, high altitude medicine expert, physiologist, army surgeon, writer,

neg: Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps and it focuses on integrating the midshipman into the officer community. Specialty cruises include EOD cruises, SEAL cruises, FOREX cruises (midshipmen are attached to a foreign country's ship), and Navy Nurse Cruises. Marine Option Midshipmen attend the Marine Corps' Mountain Warfare Training Center for the second summer. In recent years they have been attached to Marine units undergoing the summer training package. They learn high altitude survival techniques and undergo high altitude conditioning. It is often jokingly called "OCS prep." Between the junior and senior years, Marine Option midshipmen attend "Bulldog," Marine Officer Candidate School for six weeks. College Program

neg: Ajay Kothiyal considered to be innovative by the Indian Army and is still being taught at the warfare school of the same. Ajay Kothiyal Colonel Ajay Kothiyal, KC, SC, VSM is one of the highly decorated officers of the Indian Army. He is also a renowned mountaineer as well as philanthropist and the Principal of Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarakhand. Kothiyal (then Major) was also part of the first team of the Indian Army that successfully summited the Mount Everest in 2001, under the leadership of Brigadier Krishan Kumar AVSM. In 2013, he started a nonprofit trust called "Youth Foundation" to help

neg: Army Public School, Chennai Army Public School, Chennai The Army Public School, Chennai (APSC) is a public school located at Chennai, India. It is operated under Indian Army supervision under the aegis of Indian Army welfare Education society (AWES). It is the flagship school of the chain of Indian Army Public Schools. It was founded in May 2009 as Golden Palm Army school and inaugurated by Maj. Gen. E J Kochekkan and started with 300 students and 15 teachers. On 1st April 2010 the school got its present name, Army Public School and joined Indian Army Public Schools as its 127th member. From a

neg: High Mountain Military School High Mountain Military School The École militaire de haute montagne (High Mountain Military School) (ÉMHM) is a training establishment of the French Army, that trains French and allied service personnel in mountain warfare, skiing, mountain leadership, and arctic warfare. The "École de haute montagne" (High Mountain School)was created in Chamonix in 1932, becoming the world's first specialist training school for mountain troop leaders. The aims of the school were to teach mountain instructors, and to test and development of technical equipment and armaments. In August 1939 the majority of École de haute montagne's cadres joined the 199th Battalion Chasseurs de

neg: Sonamarg heavy snowfall and avalanches, NH 1D is closed in December every year, the local traffic is permitted only up to Gagangear village, which is the last permanent settlement of this area. Only the Choppers of Indian army lands at Sonmarg during winter carrying essentials for the army camp, and the army personnels are the only people who stay at Sonmarg during these harsh weather conditions. After Kargil war these high altitude meadows have seen heavy deployment of Indian army. The government has given a green signal to dig a 6.5 km long road tunnel, Z-Morh Tunnel, at Gagangear and 14.2

neg: Addison, Illinois the population and 7.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.2% of those under the age of 18 and 7.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Addison is home to Addison Trail High School and to Indian Trail Junior High School. The Elementary schools are: Wesley Elementary, Lake Park Elementary, Fullerton Elementary, Army Trail Elementary, Lincoln Elementary and Stone Elementary. St. Philip the Apostle, a private Catholic school and parish, is located in Addison and serves students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Driscoll Catholic High School was located in

neg: Corps of Army Air Defence in anti-aircraft warfare. By the end of 1944, this had reached a total of thirty three air defence artillery units. However, after actively taking part in the second world war on behalf of the British Empire, many of these were disbanded. After the partition during independence in 1947, the units of the British Indian Army were divided between the newly independent nations. Out of the air defence artillery units that had remained in the aftermath of the Second World War only two units, the 26 and 27 Low Altitude Airship Regiments, were transferred India. The two oldest units, I Training

neg: Army School Mumbai Army School Mumbai Army Public School, Mumbai is a public school located in Colaba, Mumbai, India. It is run under Indian Army supervision and is part of the Army Public School network. Army Schools are located in Indian communities in and around Army installations. The school's current principal is Mrs. Vipanjot Sehdeva. The school also a student council , which is elected every year through a three tier process of elections and is responsible for maintaining discipline in the school. These include English Week, Hindi Week and the celebration of important festivals. Inter-house activities include recitation, slogan-writing, essay writing, poster-making,

neg: Indian Hills High School (New Jersey) Indian Hills High School (New Jersey) Indian Hills High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades, located in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The school is a part of the Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District, serving students from Franklin Lakes, Oakland and Wyckoff. The high school is located in Oakland. Ramapo High School is the other high school in the district. Students from the three feeder districts may make the choice in eighth grade of which high school to attend. As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had

neg: United States Air Force Special Operations School other agencies like the USAF Air Education and Training Command and Other USSOCOM Service component training schools including Naval Special Warfare Command's Naval Special Warfare Center and U.S. Army Special Operations Command's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. The U.S. Air Force Special Air Warfare School was activated at Hurlburt Field in April 1967 under the Special Air Warfare Center, then located at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The school was redesignated the U.S. Air Force Special Operations School in 1968. The School’s initial course was the Special Air Warfare Indoctrination Course designed to prepare Air Force personnel

neg: Garud Commando Force Agra to complete the basic airborne phase. Trainees are trained along with paratroopers of the Indian Army. The remainder of the phases concentrates on niche fields like jungle and snow survival, demolition, etc. Garuds also train at the diving school of the Indian Navy and the Army's Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS). The final phase of training is active operations on being attached to Special Force Units of the Indian Army, which helps the Garuds in gaining operational experience. After induction, the commandos also undergo advanced training, including anti-hijack and counter insurgency training, jungle and snow survival techniques,

neg: Boeing P-8 Poseidon (two naval flight officers plus three enlisted Aviation Warfare Operators/naval aircrewman) are mounted in a sideways row, along the port side of the cabin. None of the crew stations have windows; a single observer window is located on each side of the forward cabin. A short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores opens behind the wing. The P-8 is to be equipped with the High Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon Capability (HAAWC) Air Launch Accessory (ALA), turning a Mark 54 torpedo into a glide bomb for deploying from up to . The P-8 features the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search

neg: Indian Army Corps of Signals the Samyukta Electronic Warfare System, a mobile integrated electronic warfare system, developed along with Bharat Electronics Limited. The Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE), Mhow is a premiere training institute of the Corps of Signals, while its war museum is situated at Jabalpur, where 1 Signal Regiment is based. Indian Army Corps of Signals Indian Army Corps of Signals is a corps and an arm of the Indian Army, which handles its military communications. It was formed on 15 February 1911 as a separate entity under Lieutenant Colonel S H Powell, and went on to make important contributions to World

neg: Ashok Leyland Stallion Kits. Ashok Leyland Stallion The Stallion range of trucks is produced by Ashok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS) for the Indian Armed Forces. The Stallion is a medium-duty defence vehicle of the Indian Army with multiple logistical and tactical applications. The Stallion 4x4 and Stallion 6x6 are operational on varied terrains, from coastal operations to high-altitude bases, from deserts to snow-covered mountainous regions, at altitudes up to 5500 metres and temperatures ranging from −35 °C to 55 °C. The Stallion forms the logistical backbone of the Indian Armed Forces, with over 60,000 Stallions used by the Indian Army. Stallions in a

neg: Ashok Leyland Stallion Ashok Leyland Stallion The Stallion range of trucks is produced by Ashok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS) for the Indian Armed Forces. The Stallion is a medium-duty defence vehicle of the Indian Army with multiple logistical and tactical applications. The Stallion 4x4 and Stallion 6x6 are operational on varied terrains, from coastal operations to high-altitude bases, from deserts to snow-covered mountainous regions, at altitudes up to 5500 metres and temperatures ranging from −35 °C to 55 °C. The Stallion forms the logistical backbone of the Indian Armed Forces, with over 60,000 Stallions used by the Indian Army. Stallions in a wide

neg: Army School Mumbai calligraphy, drawing and quiz competitions. Inter-house competitions in games like football, cricket, basketball, and kho-kho are held. Mass P.T, drill marching and training for outdoor and indoor games is provided. Students have participated in interscholastic contests like cross-country race, interscholastic football competition, and athletic meets. Army School Mumbai Army Public School, Mumbai is a public school located in Colaba, Mumbai, India. It is run under Indian Army supervision and is part of the Army Public School network. Army Schools are located in Indian communities in and around Army installations. The school's current principal is Mrs. Vipanjot Sehdeva. The school also

neg: Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite of the satellite is expected to be around ₹ 100 crore (around US$25 million). ISRO will contribute towards the satellite's design and development and the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL) will be responsible for manufacturing the payload. According to DLRL Director G Boopathy, the CCI-Sat is an essential component of the initiative taken by the Government of India to further develop the electronic warfare capabilities of the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force, According to Bhoopathy, the CCI-Sat would orbit Earth at an altitude of 500 km and provide surveillance and monitoring regions in promitiy to India and passing on

neg: INS Venduruthy personnel and naval units based in Kochi as well as at Ezhimala, Wellington, Bangalore and the Lakshadweep Islands besides the naval NCC units. It also hosts the Diving School, Navigation & Direction (ND) School, Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) School, Signal School, Centre for Leadership and Behavioural Studies (CLABS) and NIETT. INS Venduruthy INS Venduruthy is an Indian Navy base located on Willingdon Island in Kochi, Kerala. It serves as the Headquarters of the Southern Naval Command. It is the largest training establishment of the Indian Navy. INS Garuda is a naval air station located adjacent to INS Venduruthy. Commodore G Prakash

neg: Indian Special Forces Training School (SFTS) for the Indian Army. The school at present is located at its intermediate or temporary location. Land acquisition process for the permanent location of the school is in progress. The Army needs 1,500 acres for the permanent location. The school will have its own airfield in its permanent location. Indian Special Forces Training School (SFTS) The Indian Army's Special Forces Training School is the training institution for Indian Army special forces, based at Nahan, a hill town in Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest and most important training institution for special forces in India. The Indian Army conducts joint special

neg: Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India) was the first proponent for the institute. CIJWS was established in 1967 as the "Jungle Training School". It was initially located in Mynkre, near Jowal in Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya. In 1968, the designation was changed to "Eastern Command Counter Insurgency Training School". On 1 May 1970, it was upgraded to a Category A Training Establishment of the Indian Army, given its current name and relocated to Vairengte. Brigadier Mathew Thomas was appointed the school's first Commandant. The crisis in neighbouring East Pakistan and the resulting liberation struggle for Bangladesh prompted a temporary refocus as the Mukti Bahini guerrillas

neg: Malli Mastan Babu endurance and excellence. In June and July 2007, he accomplished through trekking and climbing a high-altitude traverse of the four major Hindu dhams of Uttarakhand. Between 21 October and 3 November of the same year, he executed his plan to run 14 half marathons in 14 days in 14 different states, during which he received support from the Indian Army. Before the end of the year, he had run "8 full Marathons and 3 half marathons in 13 days, spanning 10 Indian states". In 2008, he completed a "75 day High altitude trek from the Mt. Everest region to Kanchenjunga,

neg: Army Mountain Warfare School identifier (SQI) of "E," Military Mountaineer. The school runs 'summer' sessions focusing on rock climbing and high-angle tactical combat, and 'winter' courses that also include winter travel, camping, and survival skills. The basic and advanced courses of instruction trains individual soldiers, not units. These soldiers then return to their units to provide at least some training and experience in mountain warfare throughout the U.S. Army. Unit training, both at the AMWS and at the requesting unit's location, can also be provided. It is very common for Army ROTC cadets to attend AMWS as a specialty school during ROTC. Cadets take

neg: Ashok Leyland Defence Systems is a medium duty defence vehicle with multiple logistical, tactical and special purpose applications. The Stallion 4x4 and Stallion 6x6 are operation across climatic zones such as Alpine, Subtropical, Tropical and Arid zones. The Stallion is used by the Indian Army across the varied climate and terrain of India from coastal operations to high altitude bases, from deserts to snow covered mountainous regions. The Stallion forms the logistical backbone of the Indian Armed Forces with over 60,000 Stallions used by the Indian Army. The Stallion is built for use in harsh environments and for easy maintenance in regions where supporting

neg: Mountain ration altitude and alpine cooking, were known to significantly augment the Mountain ration with a stocked supply of numerous additional ingredients and spices. Mountain ration The Mountain Ration (or "M-Ration") was a United States military ration developed for use by U.S. troops operating in high-altitude or mountainous regions of the European theater of operations (ETO) during World War II. The components of what would become the Mountain ration were developed in 1941-42 by U.S. Army officers in experimental mountain warfare companies, largely consisting of former ski instructors, forest rangers, and other experienced alpine travelers. Based on their recommendations, the Mountain ration

neg: Indian Army three independent armoured brigades. Amphibious assault exercises were also conducted with the Indian Navy. Brasstacks also allegedly incorporated nuclear attack drills. It led to tensions with Pakistan and a subsequent rapprochement in mid-1987. Exercise Ashwamedha Indian Army tested its network centric warfare capabilities in the exercise Ashwamedha. The exercise was held in the Thar desert, in which over 300,000 troops participated. Asymmetric warfare capability was also tested by the Indian Army during the exercise. Yudh Abhyas Exercise Yudh Abhyas is part of an ongoing series of joint exercises between the Indian and United States Armies since 2005, agreed upon under

neg: Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command physical test to ensure they are physically capable of fulfilling their role. This will include 25km runs across mountainous terrain with a 30kg load out under timed conditions as well as daily fitness regimes to weed out physically incapable recruits. Firearms training and weapons handling training will naturally be integrated throughout the 3-month training period. Due to the nature of the Korean warfare tactics, operators will be taught two main methods of infiltration into North Korea: aerial infiltration and naval infiltration which includes, for example, High Altitude Low Opening (HALO) training and SCUBA training. The aim of this part of

neg: Army Public School, Chennai small beginning of 21 children, the number of students in the school has gradually increased from 300 in 1976 to nearly 1175 in the year 2016. Army Public School, Chennai The Army Public School, Chennai (APSC) is a public school located at Chennai, India. It is operated under Indian Army supervision under the aegis of Indian Army welfare Education society (AWES). It is the flagship school of the chain of Indian Army Public Schools. It was founded in May 2009 as Golden Palm Army school and inaugurated by Maj. Gen. E J Kochekkan and started with 300 students and 15

neg: John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School when the U.S. Army developed the Psychological Warfare (PSYWAR) Division of the Army General School at Fort Riley, Kansas. The U.S. Army Psychological Warfare Center and School, which included operational tactical units and a school under the same umbrella, moved to Fort Bragg in 1952. The center was proposed by the Army's then-Psychological Warfare Chief, Robert A. McClure, to provide doctrinal support and training for both psychological and unconventional warfare. In 1956, the PSYWAR Center and School was renamed the U.S. Army Center for Special Warfare/U.S. Army Special Warfare School. The school was tasked with developing the doctrine, techniques, training,

neg: Jim Ned High School Jim Ned Creek, which runs through all three towns. The creek is named after Jim Ned, who was an Indian cavalry scout for the United States Army. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency. Extracurricular activities are offered in the form of performing arts, clubs, and a singular student made newsletter. The Jim Ned Indians compete in cross-country, volleyball, football, basketball, powerlifting, golf, tennis, track, softball, and baseball. Jim Ned High School Jim Ned High School is a public high school located in Tuscola, Texas, United States and is classified as a 3A school

neg: Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan spread where the students share the content about themselves and the teachers. The name "Record" was changed to "Aviral" in 2004. The school publishes a number of newsletters every year and also contributes to newspapers and other magazines in India. The students and alumni of the school are referred to as "Tapsites". Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan The Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan (TAPS) is a public school located at Delhi, India. It is operated under Indian Army supervision under the aegis of Indian Army welfare Education society (AWES). It is the flagship school of the chain of Indian Army

neg: Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan The Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan (TAPS) is a public school located at Delhi, India. It is operated under Indian Army supervision under the aegis of Indian Army welfare Education society (AWES). It is the flagship school of the chain of Indian Army Public Schools. It was called Defense Services Public School and had a strength of 21 children and two teachers. By July 1959, the classes extended up to VIII and July 1961, it was upgraded to class XI with 600 children and 32 faculty members. The school shifted to its present campus on

neg: Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center percent of all explosives deployed in U.S. weapons were developed by NSWC Indian Head. One of ten divisions of the NAVSEA Warfare Center Enterprise, the main site for NSWC IHD is located at Naval Support Facility Indian Head, a 3,500-acre peninsula along the Potomac River in Southern Maryland. It also maintains operations in McAlester, OK; Colts Neck, NJ; Ogden, UT; Louisville, KY, and Picatinny, New Jersey. Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD) is a United States naval military installation in Charles County, Maryland, that is a NAVSEA Warfare Center (WFC) enterprise

neg: History of aerial warfare from offensive roles. On 30 May, the IAF called into operation the Mirage 2000 which was deemed the best aircraft in the high-altitude conditions. Mirage 2000s not only had better defence equipment compared to the MiGs, but also gave IAF the ability to carry out aerial raids at night. Indian MiG-29s were used extensively during the 1999 Kargil War in Kashmir by the Indian Air Force to provide fighter escort for Mirage 2000s, which were attacking targets with laser-guided bombs. During an aggressive patrol two MiG-29s from the IAF's No. 47 squadron (Black Archers) armed with Beyond visual range missiles

neg: Special Forces Command (Turkey) had an important role at Operation Olive Branch. Volunteers initially face a pass/fail written exam as well as physical and psychological tests. Those who pass the exams become special forces candidates. Adequate linguistic skills in at least one foreign language is a plus for admission. The candidates then have to complete a challenging training period which lasts around 3.5 years. Many drop out during this intense training period. Training encompasses fitness; obstacle courses; a range of martial arts; high-altitude mountain warfare school; close quarters combat (CQC); biological/chemical/nuclear warfare; parachuting; diving; sniping; demolition; counter-terrorism; search and rescue; stealth search and destroy;

neg: Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world and in India, located at an altitude of , in the Indian state of Sikkim. It is considered sacred by Buddhists, Sikhs and Hindus. The lake is named after Guru Padmasambhava—also known as Guru Rinpoche—founder of Tibetan Buddhism, who visited in the 8th century. It is claimed that the lake was blessed in the 15th century by Guru Nanak, the spiritual leader of Sikhism, while he passed through this area. The high altitude lake is located away from Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, and about south

neg: Ramapo High School (New Jersey) Ramapo High School (New Jersey) Ramapo High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in the New York City suburb of Franklin Lakes, in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The school is a part of the Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Franklin Lakes, Oakland and Wyckoff (FLOW). The other high school in the district is Indian Hills High School, located in Oakland. Students in eighth grade in the three sending districts have the opportunity to choose between Ramapo and Indian Hills by February in their graduating year.

neg: Indian Armed Forces the requirement of an attack helicopter specially made for such high-altitude operations. The HAL Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) is a multi-role combat helicopter being developed in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for use by the Indian Air Force and the Indian Army. The LCH is being designed to fit into an anti-infantry and anti-armour role and will be able to operate at high altitudes. LCH will be fitted with indigenous anti-tank missile Helina. India also maintains unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) squadrons (primarily Searcher-II and Heron from Israel) which can be used to carry out ground and aerial surveillance. India

neg: Bajrangarh Fort Bajrangarh Fort Bajrangarh is a village in the taluk of Guna, Guna District, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Bajrangarh Fort is also known as Jharkon. The fort lies at an altitude of around and is in ruins. The fort is about from Guna on Guna to Aron road on the bank of Chapet river around south-west of Guna city. It spreads over 72 bighas of land on a high hill. The Bajrangarh fort has been a symbol of Yadav(Ahir) and Rajput warfare. The fort was built in 16-17th century by Yadav Raja Jai Narayan rulers of Gagron state.

neg: Yenduru Venkata Krishna Mohan Yenduru Venkata Krishna Mohan Lieutenant General Yenduru Venkata Krishna Mohan, SM, VSM is the current Commander, IX Corps of the Indian Army and assumed office on 10 January 2018. He assumed the post from Lt General Satinder Kumar Saini. Mohan was born in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. He is an alumnus of Korukonda Sainik School, Andhra Pradesh; National Defence Academy, Pune; and Defence Services Staff College, Wellington. He has also attended Royal College of Defence Studies, London. He was commissioned into 7th battalion of 11 Gorkha Rifles in 1981. He has served in various high-altitude areas like Sikkim, Ladakh and Siachen

neg: Northgate, Salem, Oregon building a Peace Garden, which will include a community garden and meditation area. The neighborhood is home to the Kroc Center, a multi-use facility built by a donation from the late Mrs. Ray Kroc to the Salvation Army. Schools in Northgate include the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Chemawa Indian School, and the Salem-Keizer School District schools Stephens Middle School, Hallman Elementary School, Hammond Elementary School, and Yoshikai Elementary School. Northgate-area public school students attend McKay High School in the North Lancaster neighborhood. Northgate, Salem, Oregon Northgate is a neighborhood in Salem, Oregon, United States, located in the far north part

neg: Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre The Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre (CAAWC, ) is a Canadian Forces training facility located at CFB Trenton, Ontario, Canada. In June–August 2013 the Advanced Warfare Centre was renamed from Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre (CFLAWC). Before CFLAWC, it was formerly known as the Canadian Parachute Centre (CPC) since 1996, and traces its lineage from the Canadian Airborne Centre (CABC), which was located at Canadian Forces Base Edmonton until 1996. It was renamed and its mandate expanded to become a "centre of excellence" for advanced war-fighting skills for the Canadian Army. CAAWC is designated

neg: Indian Armed Forces Annual operating budget of the DRDO is pegged at $1.6 billion (2011–12). The DRDO's avionics programme has been a success story with its mission computers, radar warning receivers, high accuracy direction finding pods, synthetic aperture radar, Active Phased Array Radar, airborne jammers and flight instrumentation in use across a wide variety of Indian Air Force aircraft and satellites. DRDO labs have developed many electronic warfare systems for IAF and the Indian Army and high-performance Sonar systems for the navy. DRDO also developed other critical military hardware, such as the Arjun Main Battle Tank, and is engaged in the development of

neg: Indian River High School (Delaware) Indian River High School (Delaware) Indian River High School is a part of the Indian River School District, located in Dagsboro, Delaware in southern Sussex County. The school district is one of the largest by land area in the State of Delaware. The district was formed in 1963 by the consolidation of several smaller districts, including those of Selbyville, Frankford, Dagsboro, Lord Baltimore, Millsboro, and Georgetown. Indian River High School is one of two high schools in the district, along with Sussex Central High School in Georgetown. Indian River High School remained an all-white school called John M. Clayton until