query: according to hofstede 's framework a culture with large power distance tends to be characterized by

pos: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (task orientation versus person-orientation). Independent research in Hong Kong led Hofstede to add a fifth dimension, long-term orientation, to cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm. In 2010, Hofstede added a sixth dimension, indulgence versus self-restraint. Hofstede's work established a major research tradition in cross-cultural psychology and has also been drawn upon by researchers and consultants in many fields relating to international business and communication. The theory has been widely used in several fields as a paradigm for research, particularly in cross-cultural psychology, international management, and cross-cultural communication. It continues to be a

pos: Geert Hofstede research at the CNRS (Centre national de la recherché scientifique) in Paris expressed concern that "a theory of culture that considers culture to be ‘shared meaning’ does not allow for representation of the forms of unity and continuity." Part of d'Iribarne's objections have been with the weaknesses of Hofstede's terminology in general and category names specifically (e.g., power distance as a culture as whole versus a culture's acceptance of hierarchy only within organizational settings). More pointedly, d'Iribarne questions the generalized conclusions that Hofstede draws from the data, imposing Hofstede's own value system on what the data show. For instance, d'Iribarne

pos: Philippe d'Iribarne objections have been with the weaknesses of Hofstede's terminology in general and category names specifically (e.g., power distance as a culture as whole versus a culture's acceptance of hierarchy only within organizational settings). More pointedly, d'Iribarne questions the generalized conclusions that Hofstede draws from the data, imposing Hofstede's own value system on what the data show. For instance, d'Iribarne questioned Hofstede's conclusions from the uncertainty avoidance statistics, arguing that Hofstede superimposes his own view that data. For d'Iribarne, Hostede simply presumes that showing high stress at work correlates with weak uncertainty avoidance, while d'Iribarne asserts that the presence of high

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication, developed by Geert Hofstede. It describes the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. Hofstede developed his original model as a result of using factor analysis to examine the results of a worldwide survey of employee values by IBM between 1967 and 1973. It has been refined since. The original theory proposed four dimensions along which cultural values could be analyzed: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of

neg: Face negotiation theory power distance culture, while Japan embodies a large power distance culture. Drawing on research of Geert Hofstede, face-negotiation theory notes that while individualism and power distance are two separate dimensions, they are correlated. Highly individualistic cultures tend to be low in power distance, and vice versa. Face movement refers to the options that a negotiator faces in choosing whether to maintain, defend and/or upgrade self-face versus other-face in a conflict episode. There are four opportunities a mediator has in regards to their concern for self-face, your personal image and other-face, the counterpart's image of themselves that define face movements: Ting-Toomey

neg: Power distance Hofstede, the famous business anthropologist, developed the cultural dimensions theory, used widely as a crucial framework for cross-cultural communication. It is the earliest theory that could be quantified and used to explain perceived differences between cultures and has been applied extensively in many fields, especially in cross-cultural psychology, international business, and cross-cultural communication. It was driven by the statistical procedure (also called 'factor analysis') to make the development, based on the result of a global survey of the values of IBM employees conducted from 1967 and 1973. Hofstede's theory identified six dimensions of culture, which are power distance, individualism vs

neg: Camp (style) cultural meaning through a juxtaposition of an outmoded past alongside that which is technologically, stylistically, and sartorially contemporary. Often characterized by the reappropriation of a "throwaway Pop aesthetic", camp works to intermingle the categories of "high" and "low" culture. Objects may become camp objects because of their historical association with a power now in decline. As opposed to kitsch, camp reappropriates culture in an ironic fashion, whereas kitsch is indelibly sincere. Additionally, kitsch may be seen as a quality of an object, while camp, "tends to refer to a subjective process." Those who identify objects as “camp” commemorate the distance

neg: Impact of culture on aviation safety the controllers to ask the pilots if they were declaring an emergency and assist the pilots in landing the aircraft. The crashes have been blamed on aspects of the national cultures of the crews. Geert Hofstede classified national cultures into four dimensions, two of which can be applied to the flight deck: power distance, which defines the "nature of relations between subordinates and superiors", or "how often subordinates are afraid to express disagreement"; and whether the culture is collectivist or individualist in nature. Western cultures are individualistic and have a low power distance, whereas most Asian and Latin cultures are

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory people from different countries. Instead of the convergence phenomena we expected with information technologies availability (the "global village culture"), cultural differences are still significant today and diversity tends to increase. So, in order to be able to have respectful cross-cultural relations, we have to be aware of these cultural differences. With this model, Geert Hofstede shed light on these differences. The tool can be used to give a general overview and an approximate understanding of other cultures, what to expect from them and how to behave towards groups from other countries. Geert Hofstede is perhaps the best known sociologist of

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory to be the most successful economically, while the successful 'feminine' societies (Scandinavia, Costa Rica, France, Thailand) had smaller populations, less economic scale, and/or strong collective or welfare philosophies. Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication, developed by Geert Hofstede. It describes the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. Hofstede developed his original model as a result of using factor analysis to examine the results of a worldwide survey of employee values by IBM between

neg: Cross-cultural psychology that cultures differ on four dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, and individualism-collectivism. Later, after The Chinese Culture Connection extended his research using indigenous Chinese materials, he added a fifth dimension - long-term orientation (originally called Confucian dynamism) - which can be found in other cultures besides China. Still later, after work with Michael Minkov using data from the World Values Survey, he added a sixth dimension - indulgence versus restraint. Despite its popularity, Hofstede's work has been seriously questioned by McSweeney (2002). Furthermore, Berry et al. challenge some of the work of Hofstede, proposing alternative measures to assess individualism

neg: Geert Hofstede To avoid this fallacy and resulting confusion Brewer and Venaik recommend avoiding the use of the Hofstede dimension scores in management research and training. The same authors compare the Hofstede culture dimension scores with equivalent dimension scores from the GLOBE culture model and show severe problems in face, discriminant and convergent validity across the two models. In a re-analysis of the cross-national value data, based on Hofstede, Shalom Schwartz and Ronald Inglehart and his own factor analysis of recent World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch Corvinus University Budapest found however a large-scale confirmation of Hofstede's value scales with other value

neg: Power distance bridge. Following Hofstede, the GLOBE project defined "power distance" as “the degree to which members of an organization or society expect and agree that power should be shared unequally.” Power distance was then further analyzed as one of the nine cultural dimensions explained in the “Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness” (GLOBE) Research Program, which was conceived in 1990 by Robert J. House of the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. Given the major premise that leader effectiveness is contextual, the research was conducted by believing that the social and organizational values, norms and beliefs of those who are

neg: Geert Hofstede of 88. Hofstede is a researcher in the fields of organizational studies and more concretely organizational culture, also cultural economics and management. He is a well-known pioneer in his research of cross-cultural groups and organizations and played a major role in developing a systematic framework for assessing and differentiating national cultures and organizational cultures. His studies demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groups that influence the behavior of societies and organizations. When World War II ended, Geert Hofstede was seventeen and had always lived in the Netherlands under rather difficult circumstances, so he decided that it was time

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory to save time and money. The variety of application of Hofstede's abstract theory is so wide that it has even been translated in the field of web designing in which you have to adapt to national preferences according to cultures' values. Even though Hofstede's model is generally accepted as the most comprehensive framework of national cultures values by those studying business culture, its validity and its limitations have been extensively criticized. The most cited critique is McSweeney. Hofstede replied to that critique and McSweeney responded. Also Ailon deconstructed Hofstede's book "Culture's Consequences" by mirroring it against its own assumptions and

neg: Geert Hofstede Geert Hofstede Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (born 2 October 1928) is a Dutch social psychologist, former IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations. His most notable work has been in developing cultural dimensions theory. Here he describes national cultures along six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. restraint. He is known for his books "Culture's Consequences" and "Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind", co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. The

neg: Global Leadership development of cross-cultural competence in military and civilian personnel. Hofstede has performed research for several decades that continues to impact research in global and international arenas of global leadership. Hofstede’s research is primarily focused on how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. According to him, all behaviors are determined by culture. In his definition; culture is ‘the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others.’ To conduct his research, he analyzed a large database of employee value scores collected within IBM between years 1967 and 1973. There is over

neg: Power distance collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, short-term vs long-term orientation, and indulgence vs self-restraint. The Power Distance Index is designed to measure 'the extent to which power differs within the society, organization and institutions (like the family) are accepted by the less powerful members'. It indicates the level of power distance and dependent relationships in a country by assigning a score to each country. The PDI also represents society's level of inequality that is defined from below rather than from above. As Hofstede stressed, there is no absolute value and PDI is useful only as a method to compare countries.

neg: Geert Hofstede the impact of cultural differences. Hofstede authored and co-authored numerous publications in the field of social psychology and sociocultural anthropology. Geert Hofstede Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (born 2 October 1928) is a Dutch social psychologist, former IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations. His most notable work has been in developing cultural dimensions theory. Here he describes national cultures along six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. restraint. He is known for

neg: Dual inheritance theory framework for culture. Cultural evolution does not possess the algorithmic structure of a process that can be modeled in a Darwinian framework as characterized by John von Neumann and used by John Holland to design the genetic algorithm. Forcing culture into a Darwinian framework gives a distorted picture of the process for several reasons. First, Darwinian selection only works as an explanatory framework when variation is randomly generated. To the extent that transmission biases are operative in culture, they mitigate the effect of Darwinian change, i.e. change in the distribution of variants over generations of exposure to selective pressures. Second,

neg: Organizational behavior large number of cultures and identified six dimensions of national cultures that influence the behavior of individuals in organizations. These dimensions include power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, long-term orientation vs. short term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint. Organizational citizenship behavior is behavior that goes beyond assigned tasks and contributes to the well-being of organizations. Organizational culture reflects the values and behaviors that are commonly observed in an organization. Investigators who pursue this line of research assume that organizations can be characterized by cultural dimensions such as beliefs, values, rituals, symbols, and so forth. Researchers have

neg: Jeffrey C. Alexander culture itself. Alexander strongly distinguishes this sociological perspective from the then-dominant Bourdieusian sociological framework, which tends to see cultural processes as embedded in power struggles, and ultimately in material inequality. Two of his earlier articles can be seen as precursors to his more direct engagement with the topic of trauma. In one, he demonstrates that the Holocaust was not immediately perceived as universally signifying universal evil for Western societies. Rather than that, it was constructed as such by way of a long process of narration and signification. In the second, he shows that the Watergate Crisis was originally not perceived

neg: Geert Hofstede latter book deals with organizational culture, which is a different structure from national culture, but also has measurable dimensions, and the same research methodology is used for both. Born to Gerrit and Evertine G. (Veenhoven) Hofstede, Geert Hofstede attended schools in The Hague and Apeldoorn, and received his high school diploma (Gymnasium Beta) in 1945. In 1953, Hofstede graduated from Delft Technical University with an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering. After working in the industry for ten years, Hofstede entered part-time doctoral study at Groningen University in The Netherlands, and received his PhD in social psychology cum laude in 1967. His

neg: Lukovo Pole hydro power project this project is estimated to be US$83 million, of which US$70 million will be provided by a loan from the World Bank. The Mavrovo National Park is an area which contains diverse fauna and flora and a relatively untouched landscape. The area around the project site has been identified as a potential World Heritage site by an international delegation of expects: it is characterized by the richest and most beautiful parts of the national park, with a large amount of plant biodiversity which makes it a valuable site for researchers specialising in Europe´s plant species. According to PlantLife, this project

neg: Culture in strategic decisions Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. The research included six different dimensions of national culture are based on extensive research done by Professor Geert Hofstede, Gert Jan Hofstede, Michael Minkov and their research teams, the dimension are based on cultural factors and through these dimensions Hoftsede intention is to explain the values of individuals and the way they interact among others. The six dimension include: Fons Trompenaars presented as well his model of national cultural differences, he developed this model with the help of Charles Hampden- Turner,

neg: Geert Hofstede survey research results. Especially the dimensions Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Long-Term Orientation and Indulgence versus Restraint are closely correlated with value dimensions reported by Inglehart, Schwartz and the current data from the World Values Survey. Hofstede's books have appeared in 23 languages. World Wide Web’s citation indexes between 1981 and 2011 listed more than 9,000 articles in peer-reviewed journals citing one or more of Geert’s publications. This makes him the currently most cited European social scientist. He has received much recognition for his work in cross-cultural analysis. In 2004, the Hanze University Groningen, the Netherlands established the Geert Hofstede

neg: Power distance Hofstede derived the power distance scores for three regions and fifty countries from the answers given by IBM employees in the same type of positions to the same questions. The detailed steps to calculate the PDI is as follows: 1. Prepare three survey questions: 2. Pre-code the answers so that they are represented by a number (e.g. 1,2,3,4...) 3. Compute the mean score for the answers of equal sample of people from each country or percentage for choosing particular answers 4. Sort the questions into groups which are called clusters or factors by using a statistical procedure 5. Add or

neg: Individualistic culture power-distance culture and having a low-context communication style. Highly individualistic cultures include the U.S., Australia, Great Britain, Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. Power distance is defined to be the degree to which unequal distribution of power is accepted in a culture. Low power distance cultures challenge authority, encourage a reduction of power differences between management and employees, and encourage the use of power legitimately. Low power distance is more likely to occur in an individualistic culture, because in a collectivist culture, people protect the well being of the group and established order so they would be less likely to

neg: Geert Hofstede This book also introduced the topic of organizational cultures as a separate and different phenomenon. Despite the popularity of Hofstede's model, some critics have argued that his conceptualization of culture and its impact on people's behavior might be incorrect. The most cited criticism of his work is by Professor Brendan McSweeney (Royal Holloway, University of London and Stockholm University), who argues that Hofstede's claims about the role of national culture indicates too much determinism that might be linked to fundamental flaws in his methodology. Hofstede replied to this critique, arguing that the second edition of his book had responded to

neg: Noocracy the European Commission Community Research publication, "Art & Scientific Research are Free: Towards a Culture of Life", it states several commentaries by Hans Jonas and especially Ladislav Kovác about Noocracy. If Plato called his conception of governments a "sophocracy," then a political system characterized by social experimentation with a scientific institutionalized base could be called a "noocracy." Noocracy would not be the reign of the philosopher-king as seen in Plato. Nor would it be governed by science or the scientists. Power, a power acquired and maintained according to the laws of competition, would remain in the hands of the political

neg: Organizational culture Hofstede relates culture to ethnic and regional groups, but also organizations, professional, family, social and subcultural groups, national political systems and legislation, etc. Hofstede suggests the need for changing "mental programs" with changing behavior first, which will lead to value change. Though certain groups like Jews and Gypsies have maintained their identity through centuries, their values show adaptation to the dominant cultural environment. Hofstede demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior of organizations and identified four dimensions of culture (later five) in his study of national cultures: These dimensions refer to the effect of

neg: Natural Sciences (Cambridge) their degrees are colloquially known in University slang as "'NatSci"s (pronounced "Nat-Ski"'s), being broadly nicknamed physical science ('phys') or biological science ('bio') NatScis, according to their course choices. (Of course, many students choose both physical and biological options in first year.) The split tends to be about 50:50 between the physical and biological sciences. In 2007, 2112 students applied and 639 were admitted to the Natural Sciences Tripos. Natural Sciences (Cambridge) The Natural Sciences Tripos (NST) is the framework within which most of the science at the University of Cambridge is taught. The tripos includes a wide range of Natural

neg: Transformer design tends to, as a general rule, be more economical, and therefore more prevalent, than shell form design for high voltage power transformer applications at the lower end of their voltage and power rating ranges (less than or equal to, nominally, 230 kV or 75 MVA). At higher voltage and power ratings, shell form transformers tend to be more prevalent. Shell form design tends to be preferred for extra-high voltage and higher MVA applications because, though more labor-intensive to manufacture, shell form transformers are characterized as having inherently better kVA-to-weight ratio, better short-circuit strength characteristics and higher immunity to transit

neg: Correlation dimension a distance between them that is less than distance "ε" (a graphical representation of such close pairs is the recurrence plot). As the number of points tends to infinity, and the distance between them tends to zero, the correlation integral, for small values of "ε", will take the form: If the number of points is sufficiently large, and evenly distributed, a log-log graph of the correlation integral versus "ε" will yield an estimate of "ν". This idea can be qualitatively understood by realizing that for higher-dimensional objects, there will be more ways for points to be close to each other,

neg: Lévy flight any distribution for which the survival function has a power-like tail for some "k" satisfying 1 < "k" < 3. (Here the notation "O" is the Big O notation.) Such distributions have an infinite variance. Typical examples are the symmetric stable distributions. Lévy flights are, by construction, Markov processes. For general distributions of the step-size, satisfying the power-like condition, the distance from the origin of the random walk tends, after a large number of steps, to a stable distribution due to the generalized central limit theorem, enabling many processes to be modeled using Lévy flights. The probability densities for particles

neg: Parnassius smintheus multiradiata, Senecio canus," and "S. lanceolatum". Immigration and emigration into different meadows increases when there is greater connectivity of the meadows. There is greater immigration to larger populations in general, while emigration from large populations tends to be low. This trend is probably related to mating opportunity, as the males search vigorously for young females.<ref name="immigration/emigration"></ref> The species tends to avoid forest edges and shows lower migration rates into different meadows in a forest habitat. They also tend to fly less often and at lower rates in forests than in meadows, due to lower light levels. The total distance moved

neg: Culture-bound syndrome framework of ICD-10 () are the "culture-specific disorders" defined in Annex 2 of the "Diagnostic criteria for research". More broadly, an epidemic that can be attributed to cultural behavior patterns or suggestion is sometimes referred to as a behavioral epidemic. As in the cases of drug or alcohol abuse or smoking, transmission can be determined by communal reinforcement as well as by person-to-person interactions. On etiological grounds, it can be difficult to distinguish the causal contribution of culture in disease from other environmental factors such as toxicity. A culture-specific syndrome is characterized by: Some culture-specific syndromes involve somatic symptoms (pain

neg: Individualistic culture challenge authority or people in power. Even though individualistic cultures are more likely to be low power distance, these cultures don't expect to completely eliminate power difference. People within this low power distance culture, however, are more likely to respond to such imbalances in power with more negative emotional responses than in the alternative, high power distance cultures. Low power distance cultures include Austria, Israel, Denmark, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, and Sweden. The U.S. ranks 38th on the scale. Individualistic cultures are also more likely to have a low-context communication style. This means that communication is precise, direct,

neg: Xanthoma body, especially the hands, buttocks, and the extensor surfaces of the extremities. It tends to be associated with elevated triglycerides Xanthoma planum (ILDS D76.370), also known as plane xanthoma, is clinically characterized by macules and plaques spread diffusely over large areas of the body. Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers. Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They

neg: Founder effect behaviors are no longer compatible with the original population. Serial founder effects have occurred when populations migrate over long distances. Such long-distance migrations typically involve relatively rapid movements followed by periods of settlement. The populations in each migration carry only a subset of the genetic diversity carried from previous migrations. As a result, genetic differentiation tends to increase with geographic distance as described by the "isolation by distance" model. The migration of humans out of Africa is characterized by serial founder effects. Africa has the highest degree of genetic diversity of any continent, which is consistent with an African origin

neg: Board of directors and thus there is no real division of power. In large public companies, the board tends to exercise more of a supervisory role, and individual responsibility and management tends to be delegated downward to individual professional executives (such as a finance director or a marketing director) who deal with particular areas of the company's affairs. Another feature of boards of directors in large public companies is that the board tends to have more "de facto" power. Many shareholders grant proxies to the directors to vote their shares at general meetings and accept all recommendations of the board rather than try

neg: Robert R. McCrae individual. The group as a whole tends to change in these ways throughout the lifetime. As he studied personality trends and stability in cultures, McCrae found that countries high in neuroticism and low in agreeableness form dimensions of uncertainty avoidance. Countries that are low in extraversion and high in conscientiousness tend to be high in power distance. Cultures high in extraversion predict a high rate of individualism. And, high levels of neuroticism and openness to experience indicate dimensions of masculinity within the culture. Robert R. McCrae Robert R. McCrae is a personality psychologist at the National Institute of Aging. He

neg: Quality television It has large ensemble cast which allows for multiple plot lines. It has memory, referring back to previous episodes and seasons in the development of plot. It defies genre classification. It tends to be literary. It contains sharp social and cultural criticisms with cultural references and allusions to popular culture. It tends toward the controversial. It aspires toward realism. Finally, it is recognized and appreciated by critics, with awards and critical acclaim. Paul Buhle’s review of "Quality Popular Television" states that “high-culture critics almost uniformly considered films to be dreck until television—when they enshrined the cinema auteur. At the next

neg: Geert Hofstede Together, they have four sons: Gert-Jan Hofstede, who is a population biologist and social scientist in information management; Rokus Hofstede, who works as a translator; Bart Hofstede, who is a Cultural Counselor of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Berlin, and Gideon Hofstede, who works as an international marketeer. He also has ten grandchildren. Gert-Jan has worked extensively with his father and co-authored several works in the realm of culture study. In 2014, a movie was released about Geert Hofstede's life and work titled "An Engineer's Odyssey". In 2016, he received his 9th honorary doctorate in Prague, at the age

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory to 50 countries and 3 regions, "at that time probably the largest matched-sample cross-national database available anywhere." The theory was one of the first quantifiable theories that could be used to explain observed differences between cultures. This initial analysis identified systematic differences in national cultures on four primary dimensions: power distance (PDI), individualism (IDV), uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and masculinity (MAS), which are described below. As Hofstede explains on his academic website, these dimensions regard "four anthropological problem areas that different national societies handle differently: ways of coping with inequality, ways of coping with uncertainty, the relationship of the individual with

neg: Linear energy transfer electronic collisions while traversing a distance formula_3, "excluding" all secondary electrons with kinetic energies larger than Δ. If Δ tends toward infinity, then there are no electrons with larger energy, and the linear energy transfer becomes the unrestricted linear energy transfer which is identical to the linear electronic "stopping power". Here, the use of the term "infinity" is not to be taken literally; it simply means that no energy transfers, however large, are excluded. During his investigations of radioactivity, Ernest Rutherford coined the terms alpha rays, beta rays and gamma rays for the three types of emissions that occur during

neg: Face negotiation theory Face negotiation theory Face-Negotiation Theory was a theory first proposed by Brown and Levinson (1978) to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. The theory posits "face", or self-image, as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures. In conflicts, one's face is threatened; and thus the person tends to save or restore his or her face. This set of communicative behaviors, according to the theory, is called "facework". Since people frame the situated meaning of "face" and enact "facework" differently from one culture to the next, the theory poses a cultural-general framework to examine facework negotiation. Face-negotiation

neg: Weeping beech Weeping beech The weeping beech, "Fagus sylvatica" 'Pendula', is a cultivar of the deciduous European beech. The weeping beech is characterized by its shape with sweeping, pendulous branches. The trunk of the tree may not be visible from a distance due to the presence of the covering "weeping" branches. Branches may reach the ground and start new roots again. Smaller than the common beech, the tree can reach a height of up to and tends to be wider than high. Leaves of the weeping beech are broad, flat, simple and not lobed. They have smooth margins and alternate. They typically

neg: Power: A New Social Analysis positive and private forms of morality. Positive morality tends to be associated with traditional power and following ancient principles with a narrow focus; for example, the norms and taboos of marital law. Personal morality is associated with revolutionary power and the following of one's own conscience. (Russell 1938:186–206) The dominant social system will have some impact on the reigning positive moral codes of the population. In a system where filial piety is dominant, there will be greater emphasis in a culture upon the wisdom of the elderly. (Russell 1938:188–189) In a monarchy, the culture will be encouraged to believe in

neg: Cross-cultural leadership leader. Since people across cultures tend to hold different implicit beliefs, schemas and stereotypes, it would seem only natural that their underlying beliefs in what makes a good leader differ across cultures. One of the most prominent and influential studies to date regarding leadership in a globalized world is the Hofstede dimensions of culture. The study reveals similarities as well as differences across cultures and emphasizes the need to be open-minded to understand the differences in other cultures. Hofstede utilizes six dimensions of culture to compare cultures to give leaders an understanding of how to adjust their leadership styles accordingly.

neg: Solar Euromed 80’s, spurred by federal and state tax incentives and mandatory long-term power purchase contracts. A drop in fossil fuel prices then led the federal and state governments to dismantle the policy framework that had supported the advancement of CSP. In 2006, the market re-emerged in Spain and the United States, supported by changes in governmental policies favorable to renewable energies – and solar in particular. CSP uses renewable solar resource to generate electricity while producing no GHG emissions (SO, CO) with large scale power capacities. CSP plants can be combined with thermal storage capacity so as to avoid intermittency due

neg: Impact of culture on aviation safety assertiveness can be helpful in developing a low power-distance cockpit, while the Eastern interdependence brings cooperation, interdependence, and communication to create a safer flying environment. Ideally, "CRM represents low power distance (free exchange of information among the crew) and collectivism (recognition and acceptance of crew interdependence), a rare cultural combination." Impact of culture on aviation safety Culture can affect aviation safety through its effect on how the flight crew deals with difficult situations; cultures with lower power distances and higher levels of individuality can result in better aviation safety outcomes. In higher power cultures subordinates are less likely to question

neg: Stefan–Boltzmann law with a radius of "a", the distance between the Earth and the Sun, and the irradiance (received power per unit area) is given by The Earth has a radius of "R", and therefore has a cross-section of formula_19. The radiant flux (i.e. solar power) absorbed by the Earth is thus given by: Because the Stefan–Boltzmann law uses a fourth power, it has stabilizing effect on the exchange and the flux emitted by Earth tends to be equal the flux absorbed, close to the steady state where: "T" can then be found: where "T" is the temperature of the Sun, "R"

neg: Reputation if customers do not associate the competences relevant to the new market/category/product line with the existing company or brand. A company's reputation is furthermore influenced by culture, as nationalities differ with regard to how valued specific aspects of the company's brand identity are in the respective national culture (e.g. environmental concerns or work ethics) as well as with regard to popular cultural dimensions (e.g. Hofstede). Subsequently, these differences impact the success of reputation transfer significantly. Reputation can be viewed in many ways and seems to be effected by different surroundings. The reputation of an individual can be based on how

neg: Hard and soft light distance. For a light source of infinite area, intensity does not decrease at all. Generally, a soft light source does not drop in intensity as quickly as a point light source would (as distance increases). Certain lensed lighting instruments (e.g. ellipsoidal reflector spotlights) have a good deal of "throw" and do not lose much intensity as distance increases. These light sources tend to be more effective at large distances than soft light sources. At large distances, an effective soft light source would have to be very large. The (mostly) parallel rays of such instruments tends to cast hard shadows, unlike

neg: Erving Goffman instances men are shown separate from the rest of the family, in a protective manner. The father tends to maintain distance between him and his family members. This act shows protectiveness according to Goffman. The father is the security for the family who is the protector and provider. 6. Ritualization of Subordination: Ritualization of Subordination serves to Demonstrate power and superiority, or lack of, through body positioning techniques such as head cant, body cant, feminine touch, licensed withdrawal, bashful knee bend, lying down, and more. Power and superiority is typically associated with masculinity while vulnerability and objectification is usually associated

neg: Paraiyar finds this etymology unsatisfactory, arguing that beating of drums could not have been an occupation of a large number of people. Some other writers, such as Gustav Solomon Oppert, derive the name from "poraian", the name of a regional subdivision mentioned by ancient Tamil grammarians. The Sangam literature ( 300 BCE–300 CE) contains references to the caste system of Tamil culture, which contained certain "low-born" groups referred to as "Pulaiyar". They were believed to be associated with magical power and kept at a distance, made to live in separate hamlets outside villages. However, their magical power was believed to sustain

neg: Uncertainty avoidance Hofstede concluded that people in high uncertainty avoidance societies may avoid changing jobs. Whereas, people in low uncertainty avoidance societies may feel more at ease with changing jobs. In politics, cultures with high uncertainty avoidance citizens tend to have low interest in politics and citizen protests are repressed. This is because political unrest would bring about changes which the majority would not be comfortable with. There also tends to be many laws with laws being more specific as to avoid any uncertainty in the interpretation and to guide which behavior is acceptable. On the other side of the spectrum in

neg: Mantle convection expansion coefficients, temperature differences driving convection, and distance convection occurs over, all of which give stresses around a fraction of 3-30MPa. Due to the large grain sizes (at low stresses as high as several mm), it is unlikely that Nabarro-Herring (NH) creep truly dominates. Given the large grain sizes, dislocation creep tends to dominate. 14 MPa is the stress below which diffusional creep dominates and above which power law creep dominates at 0.5Tm of olivine. Thus, even for relatively low temperatures, the stress diffusional creep would operate at is too low for realistic conditions. Though the power law creep rate

neg: Traditional education included: the use of corporal punishment to maintain classroom discipline or punish errors; inculcating the dominant religion and language; separating students according to gender, race, and social class , as well as teaching different subjects to girls and boys. In terms of curriculum there was and still is a high level of attention paid to time-honoured academic knowledge. In the present it varies enormously from culture to culture, but still tends to be characterised by a much higher level of coercion than alternative education. Traditional schooling in Britain and its possessions and former colonies tends to follow the English Public

neg: Homestar Runner with its positive critical response, has led to the website receiving widespread coverage. "Homestar Runner" has been featured in "Wired", "National Review", "Entertainment Weekly", "Total Gamer", G4, and NPR's "All Things Considered". A review published in "National Review" characterized the site's humor as having "the innocence of slapstick with sharp satire of American popular culture"—humor that "tends to be cultural, not political." The site-generated music has enjoyed surprising popularity, such that two songs, "Trogdor" by the character Strong Bad and "Because, It's Midnite" by Limozeen, have been included in the successful "Guitar Hero II" and "" video games, respectively. Their

neg: Vaporwave Vaporwave Vaporwave is a microgenre of electronic music and an Internet meme that emerged in the early 2010s. The style is defined by its appropriation of 1980s and 1990s mood music styles such as smooth jazz, elevator music, R&B, and lounge music, typically sampling or manipulating tracks via chopped and screwed techniques and other effects. Its surrounding subculture is sometimes associated with an ambiguous or satirical take on consumer capitalism and popular culture, and tends to be characterized by a nostalgic or surrealist engagement with the popular entertainment, technology and advertising of previous decades. It also incorporates early Internet imagery,

neg: Fiber-optic communication available, the bandwidth of a fiber can be divided into as many as 160 channels to support a combined bit rate in the range of 1.6 Tbit/s. Because the effect of dispersion increases with the length of the fiber, a fiber transmission system is often characterized by its "bandwidth–distance product", usually expressed in units of MHz·km. This value is a product of bandwidth and distance because there is a trade-off between the bandwidth of the signal and the distance over which it can be carried. For example, a common multi-mode fiber with bandwidth–distance product of 500 MHz·km could carry a

neg: Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory very high uncertainty avoidance, relatively high power distance, moderate masculinity and relatively low individualism, whereas predominantly atheist countries have low uncertainty avoidance, very high power distance, moderate masculinity, and very low individualism. Coelho (2011) found inverse correlations between rates of specific kinds of innovation in manufacturing companies and the percentage of large companies per country as well as the employment of a specific kind of manufacturing strategy. The national culture measure of power distance is positively correlated with the ratio of companies with process innovation only over the companies with any of the three types of innovation considered in the

neg: Collectivism relationships among people. Hofstede (1980) was highly influential in ushering in an era of cross-cultural research making comparisons along the dimension of collectivism versus individualism. Hofstede conceptualized collectivism and individualism as part of a single continuum, with each cultural construct representing an opposite pole. The author characterized individuals that endorsed a high degree of collectivism as being embedded in their social contexts and prioritizing communal goals over individual goals. The notion that collectivism-individualism is unidimensional has been challenged by contemporary theorists. Collectivism was an important part of Marxist–Leninist ideology in the Soviet Union, where it played a key part in

neg: Cordobés Spanish the vowel(s) of the stressed syllable in Proparoxytone three-syllable words The Cordobés also tends to elongate the sound of the last syllable in a word. According to Donni de Mirande (1991) and Vidal de Battini (1964), Córdobes Spanish can be heard throughout not only most the Province of Córdoba, but also in most of the Province of San Luis, given its location and the influence of Cordoba's media and culture. Cordobés Spanish Cordobés Spanish is a regional accent of the Spanish language spoken by the inhabitants of the city of Córdoba, Argentina, and its adjacent territories. Known as "Cordobés" or

neg: Germans was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as "German". The Empire itself was not entirely

neg: The Black Legend the Empire´s life or after its dissolution. Said black legend tends to fade once the next great power is stablished or that enough time has gone by. According to this view, the formation of The Spanish Black Legend would not be an exceptional event, but its abnormal persistence through time, its continuous expansion even after the Empire in question has been dissolved, as well as its racialized component, would be. The causes of this durability, not seen previously, would be: The Black Legend is said to affect most of Europe, especially Protestant and Anglican Europe, and France, as well as

neg: Ronald Reid's Three Topoi belong and identify to it, they are likely to think their culture is superior to other cultures. Ordinary ethnocentricity tends to lead those of a culture to ignore "outsiders." The Ethnocentric Appeal concentrates on creating an ‘Us vs. Them’ mentality. According to ethnocentricity, individuals often see their culture as superior to others. Therefore, when an orator is able to “establish a ‘realistic’ image of the enemy's savagery,” he “eliminate[s] peace as a viable alternative to war." For example, during the American Revolution, the government told the people "God's plan of history called for progress, and the Revolution was an integral

neg: Sacred waters Sacred waters As opposed to holy water, water elevated with the sacramental blessing of a cleric (Altman 2002:131), sacred waters are characterized by tangible topographical land formations such as rivers, lakes, springs, and oceans. These organic bodies of water have attained religious significance not from the modern alteration or blessing, but were sanctified through mythological or historical figures. Sacred waters have been exploited for cleansing, healing, initiations, and death rites (Altman 2002:6). Ubiquitous and perpetual fixations with water occur across religious traditions. It tends to be a central element in the creations accounts of almost every culture with mythological, cosmological,

neg: Underwater vision clear water distance is underestimated, in accordance with magnification due to refraction through the flat lens of the mask, but at greater distances - greater than arm's reach, the distance tends to be overestimated to a degree influenced by turbidity. Both relative and absolute depth perception are reduced underwater. Loss of contrast results in overestimation, and magnification effects account for underestimation at short range. Divers can to a large extent adapt to these effects over time and with practice. Light rays bend when they travel from one medium to another; the amount of bending is determined by the refractive indices

neg: Ideal chain there are microscopic states compatible with a large end-to-end distance. Thus, for an ideal chain, maximizing its entropy means reducing the distance between its two free ends. Consequently, a force that tends to collapse the chain is exerted by the ideal chain between its two free ends. In this section, the mean of this force will be derived. The generality of the expression obtained at the thermodynamic limit will then be discussed. The case of an ideal chain whose two ends are attached to fixed points will be considered in this sub-section. The vector formula_2 joining these two points characterizes

neg: Belt (mechanical) high power at high speeds (500 hp at 10,000 ft/min, or 373 kW at 51 m/s), in cases of wide belts and large pulleys. But these wide-belt-large-pulley drives are bulky, consuming lots of space while requiring high tension, leading to high loads, and are poorly suited to close-centers applications, so V-belts have mainly replaced flat belts for short-distance power transmission; and longer-distance power transmission is typically no longer done with belts at all. For example, factory machines now tend to have individual electric motors. Because flat belts tend to climb towards the higher side of the pulley, pulleys were made

neg: 12923 Zephyr observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in April 1955, almost 44 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa. This near-Earth asteroid has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of , which corresponds to 8.2 lunar distances. This short distance as well as its sufficiently large size makes it a potentially hazardous asteroid. On September 2010, the asteroid approached Earth at ; it will make close encounters with Earth again in 2021, 2032 and 2043. In the SMASS classification, "Zephyr" is a common S-type asteroid. The body is also characterized as a stony asteroid

neg: View of Haarlem with Bleaching Fields View of Haarlem with Bleaching Fields " View of Haarlem with Bleaching Fields (c. 1670–1675) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is now in the collection of the Kunsthaus Zürich. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1911, who wrote; "92. The Haarlem Bleaching-Grounds. In the left foreground is a marshy pool surrounded with trees. A road leads from it up a hill towards the right background. In the middle distance is part of the bleaching-grounds ; large pieces of linen

neg: Research Excellence Framework effect on, change or benefit to the economy, society, culture, public policy or services, health, the environment or quality of life, beyond academia". Submissions are assessed according to the following criteria: Two publishers, "The Guardian" and "Times Higher Education", produce overall rankings of multidisciplinary universities based on power and quality(GPA). Power rankings aim to show universities with a breadth of quality, while Quality rankings aim to show the depth of quality. "The Guardian" Power rankings only consider rankings graded at Four and Three star, while "Times Higher Education" Power rankings consider rankings across all gradings. An additional Quality ranking is

neg: Achuar area but still in a relatively close distance of each other. Each of these groupings tends to be uxorilocal. Marriages are typically polygynous, with partners somewhat related, or in some instances women are taken from nearby groups during raids. Co-wives are often sisters (see sororal polygyny). The standard Achuar home is settled near a river or lake, but within a distance from major waterways because of mosquitoes and to protect the household against raids by canoe. It is shaped as a large oval, commonly without outer walls to allow ventilation, with a high roof with straight sides. The roof is

neg: Plural society European political system is characterized by a fragmentation of political culture due to plural societies within European countries. According to Gabriel Almond, Separation of power doctrine is also concerned with political stability. He extends the idea of “separation of power” from three formal branches of government, executives and legislature, to informal political subcultures like parties, interest groups and the media of communication. He much more emphasizes on input structures than the output structures. Duverger and Neumann argue that there is a close relationship between the number of parties and democratic stability, but a two party system not only seems to

neg: AP Columbae be a large proper motion, which tends to correlate with proximity. Photometry and spectra taken during that work gave an estimate for the intrinsic brightness of the star, which let to a distance estimate of about 6.1 pc. A later work confirmed that the star was nearby, and determined that it was very young. It is at a distance of 27 light years (8.4 pc), a figure calculated by accurate observations of the star's relative movement with respect to the background stars during the course of an Earth year. For many years, scientists were of the opinion that such young

neg: Uncertainty avoidance developed the Hofstede model of cultural dimensions to quantify cultural differences across international lines and better understand why some ideas and business practices work better in some countries than in others. According to Geert Hofstede, "The fundamental issue here is how a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: Should we try to control it or just let it happen?" The uncertainty avoidance dimension relates to the degree to which individuals of a specific society are comfortable with uncertainty and the unknown. Countries displaying strong uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) believe and behave in a strict

neg: Mosuo categorize Mosuo culture within traditional Western definitions. They have aspects of a matriarchal culture: women are often the head of the house, inheritance is through the female line, and women make business decisions. However, unlike a matriarchy, the political power tends to be in the hands of males. Nevertheless, anthropologists like Peggy Reeves Sanday determine societies like Mosuo are in fact matriarchies. Further, scholars have argued that while matrilineal arrangements are the normative pattern, domestic arrangements still vary geographically and by family circumstance. Mosuo culture is primarily agrarian, with work based on farming tasks such as raising livestock (yak, water

neg: Symmetric difference set "S" and the counting measure on subsets given by their size. Now consider two subsets of "S" and set their distance apart as the size of their symmetric difference. This distance is in fact a metric so that the power set on "S" is a metric space. If "S" has "n" elements, then the distance from the empty set to "S" is "n", and this is the maximum distance for any pair of subsets. Using the ideas of measure theory, the separation of measurable sets can be defined to be the measure of their symmetric difference. If μ is

neg: Soft power wield than hard power for two reasons: many of its critical resources are outside the control of governments, and soft power tends to "work indirectly by shaping the environment for policy, and sometimes takes years to produce the desired outcomes." The book identifies three broad categories of soft power: "culture", "political values", and "policies." In "The Future of Power" (2011), Nye reiterates that soft power is a descriptive, rather than a normative, concept. Therefore, soft power can be wielded for nefarious purposes. "Hitler, Stalin, and Mao all possessed a great deal of soft power in the eyes of their acolytes,

neg: Cultural communication collectivist cultures have high power distance. Examples of countries with high power distance include Malaysia, Russia, and Romania while countries with low power distance include Austria, Israel, and Denmark. Individualism–collectivism (the Me–We dimension):The individualism-collectivism dimension is thought to be the most important of all value dimensions that distinguish cultures. The individualist culture has a “me” consciousness. Individuals are loosely linked to each other, but largely independent of group identification. Emphasis is placed on the self; they are motivated by their own preferences, needs, and goals, and personal achievement and initiative are stressed. Words such as “independence,” “self,” “privacy,” and “rights”

neg: Indeterminacy (philosophy) the sane and the insane does have observable and very real effects on millions of people daily and can be characterized in terms of those effects, but it can also serve to illustrate a particular effect of the indeterminacy of definition: i.e., that insofar as the general public tends not to characterize or define insanity in very precise terms, it tends, according to Foucault, unnecessarily and arbitrarily to confine some of its members on an irrational basis. The less-precisely such states as "insanity" and "criminality" are defined in a society, the more likely that society is to fail to continue

neg: Hookup culture history of engaging in hookup sex. Journals and letters from the 1800's demonstrate that wealthy young white male college students hooked up with prostitutes, poor women, and enslaved African American women. Today, according to one study the vast majority, more than 90% of American college students say their campus is characterized by a hookup culture, and students believe that about 85% of their classmates have hooked up. Studies show that most students (most recent data suggest between 60% and 80%) do have some sort of casual sex experience. Of those students who have hooked up, between 30% and 50% report

neg: Owensville, Indiana passed to the south of the town, destroying or heavily damaging several structures along Indiana 65. The highway was closed for several days as power crews replaced several large power poles. On April 8, 2024, Owensville, along with most of the rest of Southwestern Indiana will view a total solar eclipse, lasting approximately 3 minutes and 55 seconds. Owensville is located at (38.271769, -87.690652). According to the 2010 census, Owensville has a total area of , all land. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate

neg: Concentrated solar power Energy Electricity Act 2000, large scale solar thermal electricity generation from accredited RET power stations may be entitled to create large-scale generation certificates (LGCs). These certificates can then be sold and transferred to liable entities (usually electricity retailers) to meet their obligations under this tradeable certificates scheme. However, as this legislation is technology neutral in its operation, it tends to favour more established RE technologies with a lower levelised cost of generation, such as large scale onshore wind, rather than solar thermal and CSP. At State level, renewable energy feed-in laws typically are capped by maximum generation capacity in kWp,

neg: UBIFS of free space calculation. UBIFS tends to perform better than JFFS2 for large NAND FLASH devices. This is a consequence of the UBIFS design goals: faster mounting, quicker access to large files, and improved write speeds. UBIFS also preserves or improves upon JFFS2's on-the-fly compression, recoverability and power fail tolerance. UBIFS's on-the-fly data compression allows zlib (deflate algorithm) or LZO. UBIFS stores indexes in flash whereas JFFS2 stores filesystem indexes in memory. This directly impacts the scalability of JFFS2 as the tables must be rebuilt every time the volume is mounted. Also, the JFFS2 tables may consume enough system RAM

neg: Busemann function Busemann functions vanishing at "x" and the space of functions "h"("x") = "d"("x","y") − "d"("x","y") is closed under taking uniform limits on bounded sets. This result can be formalised in the notion of bordification of "X". In this topology, the points "x" tend to a geodesic ray γ starting at "x" if and only if "d"("x","x") tends to ∞ and for "t" > 0 arbitrarily large the sequence obtained by taking the point on each segment ["x","x"] at a distance "t" from "x" tends to γ("t"). If "X" is a metric space, Gromov's bordification can be defined as follows. Fix

neg: MT Framework was said that it, too, will power multiple upcoming Capcom games. However Capcom chose MT Framework to built 2018's "Monster Hunter: World", despite the game targeting PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and modern PCs, as they felt the existence of custom toolsets built into the engine from previous "Monster Hunter" titles, would benefit its development. MT Framework MT Framework is a game engine created by Capcom. "MT" stands for "Multi-Thread", "Meta Tools" and "Multi-Target". While initially MT Framework was intended to power 2006's "Dead Rising" and "" only, Capcom later decided for their internal development divisions to adopt it as their

neg: Virtual reality sickness Virtual reality sickness Virtual reality sickness occurs when exposure to a virtual environment causes symptoms that are similar to motion sickness symptoms. The most common symptoms are general discomfort, headache, stomach awareness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, sweating, fatigue, drowsiness, disorientation, and apathy. Other symptoms include postural instability and retching. Virtual reality sickness is different from motion sickness in that it can be caused by the visually-induced perception of self-motion; real self-motion is not needed. It is also different from simulator sickness; non-virtual reality simulator sickness tends to be characterized by oculomotor disturbances, whereas virtual reality sickness tends to be characterized by

neg: 4chan Due partially to its anonymous nature, board moderation is not always successful—indeed, the site's anti-child pornography rule is a subject of jokes on /b/. Christopher Poole told "The New York Times", in a discussion on the moderation of /b/, that "the power lies in the community to dictate its own standards" and that site staff simply provided a framework. The humor of /b/'s many users, who refer to themselves as "/b/tards", is often incomprehensible to newcomers and outsiders, and is characterized by intricate inside jokes and dark comedy. Users often refer to each other, and much of the outside world,

neg: Jhukar Phase phase is characterized by some circular stamp seals with geometric designs, although lacking the Indus script which characterized the preceding phase of the civilization. Script is rare and confined to potsherd inscriptions. There was also a decline in long-distance trade. Jhukar Phase The Jhukar Phase was a Late Bronze Age culture that existed in the lower Indus Valley, i.e. Sindh, during the 2nd millennium BC. Named after the archaeological type site Jhukar in Sindh, it was a regional form of the Late Harappan Culture, following the mature, urban phase of the civilization. It, in turn, was followed by the Jhangar

neg: Modulus of continuity extended to +∞ outside their domains of finiteness) are a pair of conjugated convex functions, for Since ω("t") = o(1) for "t" → 0, it follows that δ("s") = o(1) for "s" → +∞, that exactly means that "f" is uniformly approximable by Lipschitz functions. Correspondingly, an optimal approximation is given by the functions each function "f" has Lipschitz constant "s" and in fact, it is the greatest "s"-Lipschitz function that realize the distance δ("s"). For example, the α-Hölder real-valued functions on a metric space are characterized as those functions that can be uniformly approximated by "s"-Lipschitz functions with speed

neg: Busemann function sequence in "X" with "h"("x") = "d"("x","x") − "d"("x","x") tending to "h" in "Y", then "h" vanishes at "x", is convex, Lipschitz with Lipschitz constant 1 and has minimum "h"("y") − "r" on any closed ball ("y","r"). Hence "h" is a Busemann function "B" corresponding to a unique geodesic ray γ starting at "x". On the other hand, "h" tends to "B" uniformly on bounded sets if and only if "d"("x","x") tends to ∞ and for "t" > 0 arbitrarily large the sequence obtained by taking the point on each segment ["x","x"] at a distance "t" from "x" tends to

neg: Face negotiation theory asserts that several conditions must be perceived as severe in order for a negotiator to feel his face is threatened; the importance of the culturally approved facework that is violated, feelings of mistrust because of a large distance between cultures, the importance of the conflict topic, the power distance between the two parties, and the perception of the parties as outgroup members are all conditions which must be made salient for face-threatening communication to occur. Whether or not a person engages in a conflict depends on how face-threatening the situation is perceived. In an individualistic culture, the more self-face threatening

neg: Kosterlitz–Thouless transition of each orientation are never energetically favoured. When however formula_49, the second term is equal to formula_50, which is the total potential energy of a two-dimensional Coulomb gas. The scale "L" is an arbitrary scale that renders the argument of the logarithm dimensionless. Assume the case with only vortices of multiplicity formula_51. At low temperatures and large formula_52 the distance between a vortex and antivortex pair tends to be extremely small, essentially of the order formula_33. At large temperatures and small formula_52 this distance increases, and the favoured configuration becomes effectively the one of a gas of free vortices and

neg: Negative feedback this amplifier, or from other noise sources such as power supplies. The difference signal "I"–β"O" at the amplifier input is sometimes called the "error signal". According to the diagram, the error signal is: From this expression, it can be seen that a large 'improvement factor' (or a large loop gain β"A") tends to keep this error signal small. Although the diagram illustrates the principles of the negative feedback amplifier, modeling a real amplifier as a unilateral forward amplification block and a unilateral feedback block has significant limitations. For methods of analysis that do not make these idealizations, see the article

neg: CAGE Distance Framework CAGE framework together with the ADDING Value Scorecard and the AAA Strategies. CAGE Distance Framework The CAGE Distance Framework identifies Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic differences or distances between countries that companies should address when crafting international strategies. It may also be used to understand patterns of trade, capital, information, and people flows. The framework was developed by Pankaj Ghemawat, a professor at the University of Navarra - IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. The impacts of CAGE distances and differences have been demonstrated quantitatively via gravity models. Such models "resemble Newton's law of gravitation in linking interactions between countries

neg: Power distance of power distance was the one that was undertaken by Mauk Mulder. It was based on the premise that as societies become weaker in power distance, the underprivileged will tend to reject their power dependency. Mulder's laboratory experiments in the social and organizational context of the Netherlands, a low power distance culture, concluded that people attempted to seek “power distance reduction”. He found that: From these findings, he concluded that a condition of quasi-equilibrium had arisen. In this condition, power holders have achieved a certain distance from people who lack power, and this distance is hard for the powerless to