query: when was the first £ 1 coin made

pos: One pound (British coin) One pound (British coin) The British one pound (£1) coin is a denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse bears the Latin engraving ELIZABETH II D G REG “Dei Gratia Regina” meaning, “Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen” and F D meaning "Fidei defensor", Defender of the Faith. It has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the original coin's introduction on 21 April 1983. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The design on the reverse side of the current, 12-sided coin features

neg: Shilling the British coin, which continued to be used in Northern Ireland. The coin featured a bull on the reverse side. The first minting, from 1928 until 1941, contained 75% silver, more than the equivalent British coin. The original Irish shilling coin (retained after decimalisation)) was withdrawn from circulation on 1 January 1993, when a smaller five pence coin was introduced. Australian shillings, twenty of which made up one Australian pound, were first issued in 1910, with the Australian coat of arms on the reverse and King Edward VII on the face. The coat of arms design was retained through the

neg: 1 yen coin 1 yen coin The is the smallest denomination of the Japanese yen currency. The first Japanese one-yen coin was minted in 1871, and was made out of silver. Eventually gold coins were also produced causing co-circulation among the two. Silver one-yen coins ceased production in 1914. Brass one-yen coins were made in the late 1940s, but the current design was first minted in 1955. The current design is made up of an aluminium alloy which has remained unchanged since the coin was first minted. In the early 2010s increasing usage of electronic money led to a lack of demand, and

neg: 1 euro coin 1 euro coin The 1-euro coin (€1) is a euro coin with a value of one euro (€1). It is made of two alloys: the inner part of cupronickel, the outer part of nickel brass. All coins have a common reverse side and country-specific national sides. The coin has been used since 2002, with the present common side design dating from 2007. As of July 2015, there were approximately 6.7 billion one-euro coins in circulation, constituting 26.4% of all circulated euro coins by value and 5.9% by quantity. The coin dates from 2002, when euro coins and banknotes were introduced

neg: 1 kroon coin (1934) of only 16 mm and on the front the inscription "Eesti" instead of "Eesti Vabariik". These coins are both made of gold as well as silver. Another re-issued version of the coin is about its original size, but the quality of the parts is much worse. In 2012, the 1934 one-kroon coin was voted "the prettiest coin ever to be in circulation in Estonia". 1 kroon coin (1934) The 1 kroon coin was put in circulation from 1 August 1934 to 25 March 1941, during the first independence period of Estonia. The exact number of coins minted is not known,

neg: Large cent Large cent The United States large cent was a coin with a face value of 1/100 of a United States dollar. Its nominal diameter was 1 inch (28.57 mm). The first official mintage of the large cent was in 1793, and its production continued until 1857, when it was officially replaced by the modern-size one-cent coin (commonly called the penny). Large cents were made of nearly pure copper, or copper as pure as it emerged from smelting, without any deliberate addition of other metals (such as occurs in bronze). First struck in 1793, the large cent was coined every year

neg: Coins of the Hungarian forint 20 Forint coin. The 200 Forint coin was made of .500 fine silver. From 1994, mass minting of the 200 Forint coin was stopped, since the price of the metal was getting higher than the face value of the coin. However, small issues for collector purposes were minted until 1998, when both the 1992 type 100 Forint and the 200 Forint coins were withdrawn from circulation. The 1 and 2 Forint coins were withdrawn from circulation on March 1, 2008. This was announced by the Hungarian National Bank in September 2007, pointing out that the cost of minting them is

neg: New Zealand one-dollar coin on 10 July 1967. The reason for replacing the note was due to inflation making the note more expensive to produce, and notes had to be replaced regularly due to wear and tear. The $1 coins, and $2 coins, were first minted in 1990 but circulated in 1991. The $1 notes were withdrawn later that year. The new $1 coin was made of aluminium bronze, and was 23.0 mm in diameter, 2.74 mm thick, and 8.0 g in weight. The edge of the coin consisted of eight sections, alternating between milling and plain sections. The reverse of the coin was

neg: New Zealand ten-cent coin coin replacement. The new 10-cent coin had the same reverse as the 1967 to 2006 minted coins and the same obverse as the 1999-onward coins, but the coins were reduced in size. The new 10-cent coins are made of steel, plated with copper. The new coins are 20.5 mm in diameter and 3.30 grams in weight. They have unmilled edges. The old 10-cent coins were demonetised on 1 November 2006. New Zealand ten-cent coin The New Zealand ten-cent coin is the lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 10-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced

neg: Philippine five centavo coin Philippine five centavo coin The Philippine five-centavo coin (5¢) coin is the second-lowest denomination coin of the Philippine peso after the one centavo. No coin worth 1/20 of a peso circulated during the Spanish rule of the Philippines, when the 10 "centimo" coin was the lowest denomination of the Philippine peso fuerte. The first five "centavo" was minted in 1903, the first year of minting during the American rule of the country, gained after the Spanish–American War. The coin's images were identical to those of the half-centavo and one centavo coin. The obverse featured a native by a volcano, with

neg: Spanish peseta At least 1252–1284 there was a "1 obolo" brass coin – plated with silver – stamped. Colnect shows even a first "1 Maravedí"-coin made of copper having been edited since 1454. The bigger silver coin "1 Real" came out 1786. The latter two currency units were used until the Peseta came in 1868. In 1869 and 1870, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 céntimos, and 1, 2 and 5 pesetas. The lowest four denominations were struck in copper (replaced by bronze from 1877), with the 20, 50 céntimos, 1 and 2 pesetas struck

neg: Guernsey pound than the modern version and the diameter also measured slightly less. The 1-pound coin ceased to be legal tender on 15 October 2017 to coincide with the withdrawal of the circular £1 coin in the UK. The UK's new twelve-sided £1 coin will be the only £1 coin that is legal tender on the island. The first decimal issues continued with the same obverse as the last pre-decimal issues until 1985, when Raphael Maklouf's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was added. Ian Rank-Broadley's portrait of the Queen has appeared since 1998. Designs on the reverses of Guernsey's decimal coins are:

neg: Presidential $1 Coin Program well as the words "The United States of America", "E Pluribus Unum", "$10", "1/2 oz.", and ".9999 Fine Gold". When a President served without a First Spouse, as Thomas Jefferson did, a gold coin was issued bearing an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era, and bearing a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President. One exception is the coin depicting suffragist Alice Paul which represents the era of the Chester A. Arthur presidency, as Arthur was a widower. The act, as written, explicitly states that the First Spouse coins are to

neg: History of the halfpenny its name from the coin. In a 1967 episode of the television series "The Avengers", entitled "You Have Just Been Murdered", John Steed assembles 999, 999 halfpennies before being made a 'halfpenny millionaire' courtesy of Mrs Peel. The sequence also shows a close up of a 1947 halfpenny reverse. History of the halfpenny The British halfpenny coin was worth 1/480th of a pound sterling. At first in its 700-year history it was made from silver but as the value of silver increased, the coin was made from base metals. It was finally abandoned in 1969 as part of the process

neg: Hong Kong five-cent coin This coin was issued in 1949-50, 1958, 1960, 1963-65, 1967, 1971–72, and 1977–80, with a non-circulating coin issued in 1988. On 1 January 1989, the coin ceased to be used as currency. Mintmarks Hong Kong five-cent coin The five-cent coin was first issued as a silver coin of .800 fineness in 1866. It had a diameter of 15 mm, thickness of 0.80 mm, weighed 1.34 grams, and had a reeded edge. This coin was minted in silver until 1935, when its composition was changed to copper-nickel. It had an extensive mintage between 1866 and 1933, with some issued in 1932-33

neg: Twenty-five øre (Danish coin) Twenty-five øre (Danish coin) The twenty-five øre coin was a coin of the Danish krone. It was the lowest-denomination coin in the country when it was demonetised on 1 October 2008. The denomination was first introduced on the decimalisation of the currency in 1874 as a 0.600 silver coin. It measured 17mm in diameter and 1.3mm in thickness, weighing 2.42g. Its obverse featured the portrait of King Christian IX of Denmark and the script "KONGE AF DANMARK" (King of Denmark). The reverse featured the denomination and two dolphins. The last minting of this coin was 1905. The second silver twenty-five

neg: Penny (Australian coin) Penny (Australian coin) The Australian penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in 1966. It was worth one-twelfth of an Australian shilling and 1/240 of an Australian pound. The coin was equivalent in its dimensions, composition and value to the British penny, as the two currencies were fixed at par. The coin was first introduced in 1911, and stopped being minted in 1965, with the introduction of decimalisation. When decimalisation happened on 14 February 1966, the coin value was equal to 0.8333¢. The obverse of the coin featured the reigning

neg: History of the halfpenny History of the halfpenny The British halfpenny coin was worth 1/480th of a pound sterling. At first in its 700-year history it was made from silver but as the value of silver increased, the coin was made from base metals. It was finally abandoned in 1969 as part of the process of decimalising the British currency. "Halfpenny", colloquially written "ha'penny," was pronounced ; "1 ½d" was spoken as "a penny ha'penny" or "three ha'pence" . It was long considered that the first halfpenny coins were produced in the reign of King Edward I (1272–1307), with earlier requirements for small change

neg: Two pounds (British coin) coin in common circulation in the UK. The coin consists of an outer yellow metal nickel-brass ring made from 76% copper, 20% zinc, and 4% nickel, and an inner steel-coloured cupro-nickel disc made from 75% copper, 25% nickel. The coin weighs and is in diameter. The design itself was first tried out in 1994 when the Royal Mint produced a short run of demonstration pieces to the new bi-metal standard. These pieces were not for circulation and were simply intended to test the manufacturing process. The coin was technically similar to the version which eventually entered circulation with the Maklouf

neg: 50 sen coin 50 sen coin The was a Japanese coin worth half of a Japanese yen, as 100 "sen" equalled 1 yen. These coins circulated from the late 19th century to the early 1950s, when Japan adopted a single currency unit and this coin was demonetized. Fifty sen coins were first minted in 1870 during the reign of the Meiji emperor. The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen (1, 圓), sen (1⁄100, 銭), and rin (1⁄1000, 厘), with the coins being round and manufactured using Western machinery. Although mintages numbered in the hundreds

neg: Halfpenny (Irish decimal coin) Halfpenny (Irish decimal coin) The decimal halfpenny (p) () coin was the smallest denomination of the Irish pound. It was first issued when the Irish currency was decimalised on Decimal Day, 15 February 1971. It was one of three new designs introduced all in bronze and featuring ornamental birds on the reverse. The coin value was weakened by inflation and very few were produced beyond the initial run for 1971. It was removed from circulation and demonetised on 1 January 1987. The main reason that halfpennies were issued was that when shillings were decimalised they were worth five new pence,

neg: Coin Act 1696 the offence. This time limit was later amended to 6 months for offences under sections 1 and 3 (by "1 Anne c.9" (1701/2) and by "7 Anne c.25" (1708)). The Act was originally a temporary one which was due to expire, but it was made perpetual by "1 Anne c.9". Coin Act 1696 The Coin Act 1696 (8&9 Will.3 c.26) was an Act of the Parliament of England which made it high treason to make or possess equipment useful for counterfeiting coins. Its title was "An Act for the better preventing the counterfeiting the current Coin of this Kingdom." It

neg: Halfpenny (Irish pre-decimal coin) Halfpenny (Irish pre-decimal coin) The halfpenny (d) () coin was the second smallest denomination of the pre-decimal Irish pound, worth of a pound or of a shilling. First issued in 1928 it ceased to be legal tender on 1 August 1969. The coin measured in diameter and weighed 5.66990 grams. The bronze coin was made up of 95.5% copper, 3% tin and 1.5% zinc. This was identical to the British halfpenny as both countries' pounds were pegged until 1979. The reverse design was by Percy Metcalfe, an English artist. The artist was given the choice of a boar, a sow

neg: 5 rin coin 5 rin coin The was a Japanese coin worth one two-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 5 "rin" equalled sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. This series was short lived, and succeeded the half sen coins which stopped being produced in 1888. Five rin coins were made from a copper alloy, and at 18.78mm are smaller than their predecessor. These coins were eventually taken out of circulation at the end of 1953 when a new law that established one form of currency (yen) was enacted. Taishō The following are circulation figures for the "five rin coin", all of which

neg: 1 yen coin in 1950. The obverse features a numeral "1" with "State of Japan" above, and the date below, while the reverse reads "One Yen" with a floral pattern below it. The current design was introduced in 1955, when the first aluminium one-yen coin was minted, throughout its minting history the coin was fully halted (none released in mint sets) only once in 1968 due to excessive production. In 1989 a national consumption tax was put into place that calculated prices down to single-yen units. In 2011 the increasing usage of electronic money led to a lack of demand for the coin;

neg: Steven Contursi Steven Contursi Steven L. Contursi (born May 21, 1952) is an American businessman and numismatist. He is the founder and president of Rare Coin Wholesalers. In the past 38 years, Steve Contursi has bought and sold over $1 billion worth of rare United States coins. In 2004, Steven sought evidence for his coin to be the first silver dollar made for the United States, a 1794 Flowing Hair Silver Dollar. The coin was sold in May 2010, for a world record $7.85 million, making it the most expensive coin ever sold. In addition to owning the first silver dollar, Steven

neg: Coins of the Philippine peso BSP still circulates coins less than 1 piso. On November 29, 2017, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas announced the release of the first coin in the New Generation Currency Coin series for circulation starting December 2017. As a tribute to the 154th birth anniversary of Andres Bonifacio, the first coin to be released was the new silver-colored 5-peso coin featuring Bonifacio on the obverse, replacing Emilio Aguinaldo. The reverse features the Tayabak plant and the new BSP logo. The rest of the NGC coin series were presented on March 26, 2018. In 1935 when the Commonwealth was established by the

neg: Fair coin Fair coin In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin. In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is often made by referring to an ideal coin. John Edmund Kerrich performed experiments in coin flipping and found that a coin made from a wooden disk about the size of a crown and coated on one side with lead landed heads (wooden side up) 679 times out

neg: Norton's Coin the lead on the run-in and won by two and a half lengths Aughavogue, with the other beaten horses including Beau Ranger, Panto Prince and Golden Freeze. After a break of more than eight months, Norton's Coin returned on 26 December when he was move up sharply in class to contest the King George VI Chase over three miles at Kempton Park Racecourse. Starting a 33/1 outsider, he was ridden for the first time by Graham McCourt who became his regular jockey. He made several jumping errors and began to tire two fences out before finishing last of the six

neg: American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial Coin Act (Public Law 110–277) into law. Although the coin had a face value of $1, it sold for $10 (the standard surcharge), with the entire amount of the surcharge (less costs) going toward construction of the memorial and the creation of the maintenance trust fund. Just 350,000 coins were made. The commemorative coin was released on February 25, 2010, and 190,000 were sold within the first two months. A total of 281,071 coins were sold by the end of 2010. Fundraising improved markedly after passage of the commemorative coin act. As the commemorative coin act legislation was pending, the

neg: American Gold Eagle American Gold Eagle The American Gold Eagle is an official gold bullion coin of the United States. Authorized under the Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, it was first released by the United States Mint in 1986. Because the term "eagle" also is the official United States designation for pre-1933 ten dollars gold coins, the weight of the bullion coin is typically used when describing American Gold Eagles (e.g., "1/2-ounce American Gold Eagle") to avoid confusion. This is particularly true with the 1/4-oz American Gold Eagle, which has a marked face value of ten dollars. Offered in 1/10 oz, 1/4

neg: Ryukyuan mon 6 to 7 times that of a 1 mon coin. Despite this, Satsuma Domain ordered that it would circulate at the value of 124 mon, which made it a profitable coin to manufacture, but this made the coin unpopular in circulation. The 100 mon was first manufactured by the government of Satsuma in Kagoshima City from 1862 for circulation within the Ryukyu Islands as well as in the Satsuma Domain itself, but started to circulate in Japan's other provinces soon after their production. Coins minted in Kagoshima bear the mark of the katakana character "sa" () on the left and

neg: Coin Act 1696 or concealing the same" without lawful authority was also treason. This section differed from section 1 in that "sufficient Excuse" was not a defence. Section 3 made it treason to mark the edges of any coin, whether the coin was current or not, or even a counterfeit coin (except if done by a person working in the Royal Mint). Section 4 made it treason to colour or gild a coin, or anything resembling a coin, so as to make it resemble gold or silver. Section 5 provided for the destruction of coin-producing machinery found in the possession of anyone not

neg: Shilling (British coin) Shilling (British coin) The shilling (1/-) was a coin worth one twentieth of a pound sterling, or twelve pence. It was first minted in the reign of Henry VII as the testoon, and became known as the shilling from the Old English scilling, sometime in the mid-sixteenth century, circulating until 1990. The word "bob" was sometimes used for a monetary value of several shillings, e.g. "ten bob note". Following decimalisation on 15 February 1971 the coin had a value of five new pence. It was made from silver from its introduction in or around 1503 until 1947, and thereafter in

neg: Twenty-five øre (Danish coin) the figure "25" is placed in the centre. Above, the heart of the Royal Mint is embossed. The use of the heart is a century-old tradition, originally indicating the mint master, later the place of minting. Today, the mint mark serves no practical purpose since Danish coins are minted in only one place. Twenty-five øre (Danish coin) The twenty-five øre coin was a coin of the Danish krone. It was the lowest-denomination coin in the country when it was demonetised on 1 October 2008. The denomination was first introduced on the decimalisation of the currency in 1874 as a 0.600

neg: 1 euro coin until 2007; and the famous Monegasque coin from 2007 without mint marks. 1 euro coin The 1-euro coin (€1) is a euro coin with a value of one euro (€1). It is made of two alloys: the inner part of cupronickel, the outer part of nickel brass. All coins have a common reverse side and country-specific national sides. The coin has been used since 2002, with the present common side design dating from 2007. As of July 2015, there were approximately 6.7 billion one-euro coins in circulation, constituting 26.4% of all circulated euro coins by value and 5.9% by quantity.

neg: 50 sen coin and the 23rd year of Emperor Showa's reign. Coins from this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Showa). <nowiki>*</nowiki> = First style (Brass)<br> <nowiki>**</nowiki> = Second style (Brass, reduced size) 50 sen coin The was a Japanese coin worth half of a Japanese yen, as 100 "sen" equalled 1 yen. These coins circulated from the late 19th century to the early 1950s, when Japan adopted a single currency unit and this coin was demonetized. Fifty sen coins were first minted in 1870 during the reign of the Meiji emperor. The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption

neg: Chinese lunar coins of the ounce over the metric gram in line with international bullion standards and China's improving economic conditions and technological advances. From 1981 to 1987 the obverse and reverse of the 8 g gold coin were the same as that of the 15 g silver coin. The exception being in 1985 when the reverse differed. 1987 seems to be special: (1) both the 5 oz. silver lunar coin and the 5 oz. silver panda coin were debuted, (2) the 5 oz. silver lunar coin was the first of the series to be over 99% pure silver, and (3) the 5

neg: Dam (Nepali coin) Dam (Nepali coin) In the Nepali currency system,Dam was a small coin either silver, gold or copper first minted during between c. CE1098 and 1126 replacing old Lichhavi Coinage First introduced by King Sivadeva/Simhadeva during his between c. CE1098 and 1126 replacing old Lichhavi Coinage. In the new system Gold Sivaka, Silver Dam and later Nava-Dam-Sivaka and copper Dam were introduced as a new denomination. Originally Nepali Dam, were made of 1 g pure silver or copper, but Later minting of copper Dam was discontinued in the Malla period and dam started getting smaller and smaller up-to 0.04 g. Copper

neg: History of statistics curve on November 12, 1733. de Moivre was studying the number of heads that occurred when a 'fair' coin was tossed. In 1761 Thomas Bayes proved Bayes' theorem and in 1765 Joseph Priestley invented the first timeline charts. Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1765 book "Anlage zur Architectonic" proposed the semicircle as a distribution of errors: with -1 < "x" < 1. Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774) made the first attempt to deduce a rule for the combination of observations from the principles of the theory of probabilities. He represented the law of probability of errors by a curve and deduced a

neg: Credibility theory coin divided by the initial probability of heads on the first flip, or .5 * 1 / .75 = 2/3. The probability that it came from a fair coin given that the first flip was heads is the probability of selecting a fair coin times the probability of heads for that coin divided by the initial probability of heads on the first flip, or .5 * .5 / .75 = 1/3. Finally, The conditional probability of heads on the next flip given that the first flip was heads is the conditional probability of a heads-only coin times the probability of

neg: Victoriatus indicates that the coin circulated in southern Italy and later Gaul, indicating that the coin was intended as a replacement for the drachma or half-nomos instead of as part of the normal Roman coin system. When first issued the victoriatus had a value of about 3/4 of a denarius, however when the quinarius was reintroduced in 101 BC with a similar type, it was valued at 1/2 a denarius. This indicates that victoriati that were still in circulation at this time were worn and considered to be worth only half a denarius. The reintroduced quinarius was produced mainly for Cisalpine

neg: Debasement the intrinsic value of the coinage and so more coins can be made with the same quantity of precious metal. If done too frequently, debasement may lead to a new coin being adopted as a standard currency, as when the Ottoman Akçe was replaced by the kuruş (1 kuru = 120 akçe), with the para (1/40 kuruş) as a subunit. The kuruş in turn later became a subdivision of the lira. Debasement Debasement is the practice of lowering the value of currency. It is particularly used in connection with commodity money such as gold or silver coins. A coin is

neg: Spanish peseta was made, followed by the introduction of a holed version of the 25 céntimos in 1927. In 1934, the Second Spanish Republic issued its first coins in the denomination of 25 and 50 céntimos and 1 peseta. The 25 céntimos and silver 1 peseta were the same size and composition as the earlier Royal issues, whilst the 50 céntimos was struck in copper. In 1937 a 5-céntimo coin was struck in iron and a new 1 peseta in brass. An iron 10-céntimo coin was also produced in 1938 but never issued into circulation, unknown whether due to its close resemblance

neg: 1 euro cent coin 1 euro cent coin The 1 euro cent coin (€0.01) has a value of one hundredth of a euro and is composed of copper-covered steel. The coins of every Euro country have a common reverse and each has a country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as was the case with the higher-value coins. The coin dates from 2002, when euro coins and banknotes were introduced in the 12-member eurozone and its related territories. The common side was designed by Luc Luycx, a Belgian artist who won a Europe-wide competition to

neg: 2007 Miami Dolphins season Redskins won the coin toss to begin overtime and promptly mounted a 10-play, 62-yard drive that included just two passes. Suisham made his third field goal of the game, this time from 39 yards out, to win the game 16–13 and hand Miami their first loss of the season as they started out 0–1 and 0–1 against NFC Opponents. Attempting to rebound from their overtime road loss to the Redskins in Week 1, the Dolphins hosted the Dallas Cowboys in Week 2. In the first quarter, Miami got the first points of the game when kicker Jay Feely converted a

neg: American Gold Eagle the uncirculated version. When production resumed in 2011, without the fractional denominations which were discontinued in 2008, it was met with a weak collector response. American Gold Eagle The American Gold Eagle is an official gold bullion coin of the United States. Authorized under the Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, it was first released by the United States Mint in 1986. Because the term "eagle" also is the official United States designation for pre-1933 ten dollars gold coins, the weight of the bullion coin is typically used when describing American Gold Eagles (e.g., "1/2-ounce American Gold Eagle") to avoid

neg: Coins of the Italian lira Coins of the Italian lira Italian lira coins were the coins of the Italian lira that served as Italy's currency from 1861 until 2001 when it was replaced by the Euro. From 1980 until 2001, 1 and 2 lira coins were struck solely for collectors due to their low value, and in 1998 the 5 lira was also sold for collectors only. 10 and 20 lira coins dated 2000 or 2001 were struck in sets only. The 500 lire coin was the first bimetallic circulating coin, and was also the first coin to feature Braille numerals (a Braille "500" is

neg: Central Bank of Armenia base-alloy silver; and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble in silver. Copper coins of the smallest nominal value of half kopeck were minted in 1925 - 1928. In 1923, the first Soviet gold coin (1 chervonets in nominal value) was minted. This conformed in all its features to the gold coin worth of 10 rubles of Russian Empire. It almost never appeared in circulation and was only used in foreign trade transactions. Starting from 1926, coins in nominal value 1, 2, 3 and 5 were made of bronze; starting from 1931, coins in nominal value 10, 15 and 20 kopecks were

neg: Nickel (Canadian coin) not include taxes) in a Heritage auction in January 2010. It was then sold by the Canadian Numismatic Company for $160,000 (this does not include taxes) to a private collector in early 2012. The only rarer Canadian circulation coin is the 1921 fifty-cent coin, with a population of approximately 75. The 1911 dollar coin is rarer still, with only three examples known (2 are made of silver and 1 is made of lead), but it is a pattern coin that was never released for circulation. One in silver and one in lead are in the Ottawa currency museum. The other

neg: 10 sen coin 10 sen coin The was a Japanese coin worth one tenth of a Japanese yen, as 100 "sen" equalled 1 yen. These coins were minted from the late 19th century up until the end of World War II. Ten sen coins were first minted in 1870, and like the other sen coins were made for international convenience. The Japanese government bought a mint in Hong Kong, and the machinery was established in Osaka. In "The British Almanac" from 1873, author John Crowdy notes that the Japanese put a lot more thought into convenience than the German Empire. These coins were

neg: New Zealand dollar same British-derived sizes, which led to coins from other currencies, particularly older coins, being accepted by vending machines and many retailers. On 23 March 2015, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued its first commemorative circulating coin to mark the centenary of the Gallipoli landings. The coin was also New Zealand's first colour circulating coin. 1 million coins, with a denomination of 50c, were minted. On 1 October 2018 the Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued its second commemorative circulating coin to mark the centenary of Armistice day. The coin was also New Zealand's second colour circulating coin. 2 million

neg: Norm O'Neill with four wickets in hand. After rectifying a technical fault, O'Neill made 67 in the second innings of the Fourth Test at Old Trafford with the series tied at 1–1, helping Australia take a narrow victory to retain the Ashes. Heading into the final Test, O'Neill had a consistent run, scoring three fifties in four innings. He made his first century against England in the Fifth Test at The Oval with 117 as Australia drew the match to take the series. He did so after being given a "lucky coin" by a spectator and being dropped at second slip when

neg: Coins of the Canadian dollar Canada's currency museum, while the other is in a private collection. The rarity stems from the fact the federal government chose not to proceed with producing a "silver dollar" in 1911. The 1911 coin sets were originally planned to include the $1, but the sets came with an empty gap where the $1 coin was supposed to be. Canada wouldn't issue a $1 circulation coin until the 1935, when it issued a circulating dollar commemorating George V Silver Jubilee. Among numismatists, the 1921 50-cent coin is considered the rarest Canadian circulation coin and is known as The King of Canadian

neg: Julie Coin Dellacqua 7–6(6), 7–6(4). Coin then rose to prominence and made worldwide headlines when she defeated World No. 1 and top-seeded Ana Ivanovic in the second round 6–3, 4–6, 6–3. ESPN and Sports Illustrated both called the win one of the greatest upsets in tennis history. Unfortunately, her parents only got to watch highlights of the match since Amélie Mauresmo, who was playing at the same time, was the one shown on French television. Prior to Coin's upset victory, it had been 41 years since the top-seed had lost so early at the US Open, the previous time being when Maria

neg: Julie Coin She also holds numerous Clemson Women's Tennis records. Coin graduated from Clemson with a degree in mathematics. Coin and her doubles partner, Violette Huck, made it to the second round of the 2008 French Open women's doubles tournament. Coin's breakthrough came at the 2008 US Open when she was ranked 188th in the world. She entered the main draw as a qualifier after defeating Amanda McDowell, Sesil Karatantcheva, and Elena Baltacha in the qualification rounds. This was the first time she had entered the main draw in singles at a WTA tournament. In the first round, she defeated Australian Casey

neg: Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf market price of the material they are made from. The Canadian Maple Leaf series began in 1979, when the Royal Canadian Mint (RCM) introduced the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf coin. It consisted of 1 troy ounce of .999 pure gold – later refined to .9999 pure in 1984 – and contained no alloys within it; a rarity at the time. Due to the widespread success of the coin on the international bullion market – which saw the Gold Maple Leaf secure "the top sales spot" to become "the world's most successful gold coin" – the Mint decided to introduce silver

neg: Fifty pence (British coin) too many sides, which would make a shape visually difficult to differentiate from a circle. The shape was drawn out by Dave Brown and samples made from stainless steel by the Model Shop, together with a section of perspex channel with a bend to demonstrate that the "coin" would roll around corners and drop through gauging slots. The legend "50" was photo-etched (from a master drawn by Ray Gooding) on the faces of the samples since it had already been decided that the new coin would be the first coin of the new Decimal series. When the Decimal Currency Board

neg: Shield nickel Shield nickel The Shield nickel was the first United States five-cent piece to be made out of copper-nickel, the same alloy of which American nickels are struck today. Designed by James B. Longacre, the coin was issued from 1866 until 1883, when it was replaced by the Liberty Head nickel. The coin takes its name from the motif on its obverse, and was the first five-cent coin referred to as a "nickel"—silver pieces of that denomination had been known as half dimes. Silver half dimes had been struck from the early days of the United States Mint in the late

neg: Monégasque franc The period for exchange of the coins for euros has expired. The Monégasque franc was legal tender in Monaco, France and Andorra. Monaco's first decimal coins were issued in 1837 and 1838, in denominations of 5 centimes, 1 decime and 5 francs. The 5 centimes and 1 decime were minted in both copper and brass and were the same size as the earlier French coins (France was not minting these denominations at the time) whilst the 5 francs matched the French coin. No further issues were made until 1882, from when gold 100 francs coins were issued until 1904. Between

neg: New Zealand fifty-cent coin New Zealand fifty-cent coin The New Zealand fifty-cent coin is a coin of the New Zealand dollar. It was the largest by denomination, diameter and mass to have been introduced on the decimalisation of the currency on 10 July 1967, replacing the pre-decimal crown coin (five shillings). On 31 July 2006, as part of a revision of New Zealand's coinage, the fifty cent was made smaller, lighter and of a cheaper alloy (nickel-plated steel). On 1 November of that year the previous larger fifty cent coin was demonetised. Both the larger and smaller coin featured on its reverse the ship

neg: Somaliland shilling the 1,000 shilling coin contains an interesting error: instead of depicting the coat of arms of Somaliland, it depicts the coat of arms of Somalia. Somaliland coins are not currently being minted or circulated. There are nominally 100 cents in one Somaliland shilling. The 1/- coin was struck at the Pobjoy Mint in England. The 1/- and 5/- coins are composed of aluminium. The 10/- coin is composed of brass, the 20/- coin is composed of stainless steel, and the 1,000/- coin is composed of .999 fine silver. This was the first coin issued by the Somaliland government. The coin

neg: 1. FC Magdeburg and SC Aufbau managed to hold Galatasaray to a draw – three times (the deciding match in Vienna ended 1–1, as well as the home and away legs), but went out on a coin toss. Legend reports that the coin first stuck upright in the muddy ground, and only the second toss brought about a decision. SC Aufbau finished mid-table again in the 1964–65 season and managed to defend their cup title as the first team in East German football ever, beating FC Carl Zeiss Jena 2–1 in the final in Berlin. However, the 1965–66 season, when SC Aufbau's footballers

neg: Japanese yen the obverse, except for the present 5-yen coin where the country name is on the reverse. Alongside with the 5-Swiss franc coin and the rarely used 5-Cuban convertible peso coin, the 500-yen coin is one of the highest-valued coin to be used regularly in the world, with value of US$4.5 . Because of this high face value, the 500-yen coin has been a favorite target for counterfeiters; it was counterfeited to such an extent, that in 2000, a new series of coins was issued with various security features, but counterfeiting continued. The 1-yen coin is made out of 100% aluminum

neg: Hong Kong twenty-cent coin Hong Kong twenty-cent coin The twenty-cent coin is a coin of the Hong Kong dollar. It is the second-smallest denomination coin in Hong Kong. There have been two different periods of usage for a twenty-cent coin: the first, round twenty-cent was issued from 1866 to 1905, and the current scallop-shaped coin was introduced in 1975. The first twenty-cent coin was minted from 1866 to 1905 but used until 1942. Before the Second World War the coin was first made of 80% silver, with a weight of 5.40 g, thickness of 1.80 mm and diameter of 22 mm. It contained a

neg: Vending machine an engineer and mathematician in first-century Roman Egypt. His machine accepted a coin and then dispensed holy water. When the coin was deposited, it fell upon a pan attached to a lever. The lever opened a valve which let some water flow out. The pan continued to tilt with the weight of the coin until it fell off, at which point a counterweight snapped the lever up and turned off the valve. Coin-operated machines that dispensed tobacco were being operated as early as 1615 in the taverns of England. The machines were portable and made of brass. An English bookseller,

neg: 1 rin coin 1 rin coin The was a Japanese coin worth one one-thousandth of a Japanese yen, as 1 "rin" equalled sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. While not in circulation any more, one rin coins are bought and sold by numismatics for academic study, and by those with a hobby. One rin coins were minted from 1873 to 1892, but continued to circulate long after the final coins were produced. Author Walter Del Mar wrote in 1904 that at the time the rin was worth of a farthing or of an American penny. All one rin coins are made from

neg: Coin Act 1696 Coin Act 1696 The Coin Act 1696 (8&9 Will.3 c.26) was an Act of the Parliament of England which made it high treason to make or possess equipment useful for counterfeiting coins. Its title was "An Act for the better preventing the counterfeiting the current Coin of this Kingdom." It was extended to cover Scotland by the Treason Act 1708. The Act came into effect on 15 May 1697. Section 1 made it treason to "knowingly make or mend, or begin or proceed to make or mend, or assist in the making or mending of" any stamp, mould or the

neg: Bi-metallic coin dated 2006 (minted at Noida). Since 1996, Canada has also produced bi-metallic $2 coins (nicknamed "toonies"). Great Britain has issued a bi-metallic 2-pound coin since 1997; and Singapore has issued a bi-metallic 1-dollar coin since 2013. The first ever tri-metallic circulating coins were 20-francs coins introduced in France and Monaco in 1992. These were similar to the corresponding bi-metallic 10-francs coins, but had two rings instead of one. As well as circulating coins, where they are generally restricted to high-denomination coins, bi-metallic coins are often used in commemorative issues, often made of precious metals. For example, the only bi-metallic coin

neg: 500 yen coin 500 yen coin The is the largest coin denomination of the Japanese yen. The 500 yen coin was first minted in 1982, with the current design being introduced in 2000. The coin ultimately replaced the 500 yen paper note. The 500 yen coin was first minted in 1982 to replace the 500 yen note, which continued to be used alongside it until April 1, 1994. Soon, it became the victim of counterfeiting, as neighboring South Korea introduced its 500 won coin the same year and could be easily modified to the exact weight of the ¥500 coin. As the ₩500

neg: Norton's Coin professional company by finishing third in a minor handicap chase at Warwick Racecourse in December 1988. Later that month he finished in two hadicaps at Hereford Racecourse and then finished fourth when favourite for a similar event at Chepstow in January. Norton's Coin's form began to improve in spring and he recorded his first success when ridden by Richard Dunwoody to ten length win at Bangor-on-Dee Racecourse on 8 March. He made his first appearance at the Cheltenham Festival eight days later when he started a 25/1 outsider for the two and a half mile Cathcart Challenge Cup. Ridden by

neg: New Zealand five-cent coin at a rate of two dollars to a pound, with six pence in the old pound currency equaling five cents in the new one. The new five cent coin was the same size and composition as the old sixpence coin it replaced to ease the transition. The coin was made of cupronickel, 19.43 mm in diameter, and weighed 2.83 grams. By the early 2000s, the five-cent coin had become of little value due to inflation. The coin was subsequently demonetised effective 1 November 2006. Counting proofs and coins in mint sets, a total of 617,508,200 (618 million) coins of the

neg: Penalty shoot-out (association football) group. They both won 2–1 at home, so they played a third match at a neutral location. When this ended in a 1–1 draw after extra time, Morocco advanced on a coin toss to the next round of qualification. This scenario was repeated in during the qualification process for the 1970 World Cup, when the same two teams were tied after three matches and extra time. Again, Morocco advanced on a coin toss. Tunisia did have better luck with the coin toss in the intervening years; during the 1965 African Cup of Nations, they reached the final at the expense

neg: 1 yen coin production of the coin was confined to mint sets until 2014. Regular production only lasted until 2016 when again one yen coins were confined only to mint sets. Like with the U.S. penny, the Japan Mint has minted one-yen coins at a loss due to the rising cost of the base metal used in the coins. The one-yen coin is the oldest modern denomination coin, the design has remained the same since its introduction in 1955. The obverse of the coin has a figure "1" in a circle that represents one yen, below the digit is the year of issue

neg: Elena Vesnina started strongly in the match with a 3–1 lead but eventually lost to Dementieva. Vesnina participated in the Australian Open but lost in the first round to Julie Coin. At Dubai, where she was a qualifier, Vesnina made it to the quarterfinals defeating Chinese player Li Na in the first round and achieving her first win over a top-10 player by defeating seventh-seeded Svetlana Kuznetsova. In the third round, she defeated 12th-seeded Dominika Cibulková, who retired after Vesnina was leading. In the quarterfinals her series of upsets ended when she lost to 16th-seeded Kaia Kanepi. At her next tournament, the

neg: New Zealand five-cent coin New Zealand five-cent coin The New Zealand five-cent coin was the lowest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from 1990 to 2006. The five-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand sixpence coin. On 31 July 2006 it was eliminated as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, and it was demonetised (no longer legal tender) as of 1 November 2006. The five-cent coin was introduced on 10 July 1967 with the decimalisation of New Zealand currency, where the New Zealand dollar replaced the New Zealand pound

neg: Ten bani of "ROMANA". In 1955 4.1 million were minted and the following year 18.4 million. In the Socialist Republic of Romania (proclaimed 1965) ten-bani coins were replaced with fifteen-bani coins. Following the return of democracy to Romania in 1990, hyperinflation took place which made bani coins obsolete. However, on 1 July 2005, Romania redenominated its currency at 10,000 old lei to 1 new leu. The 1,000 lei coin, in use since 2000, was replaced by the new ten-bani. Early issues of the coin, from its first year 2005, have a diameter 0.1mm narrower than the official measurements. Ten bani The ten-bani

neg: Coins of the Canadian dollar quickly accepted by the public, owing largely to the fact that the Bank of Canada and the government forced the switch by removing the $1 and $2 bills from circulation. Between 1997 and 2001, the $1 loon coin was not issued for general circulation. Due to the high demand for the $2 polar bear coin (mintages between 1997 and 2001 were as high as 29 million in 2000 alone), the $1 coin was only produced for the standard collector sets that were made available on an annual basis, such as the Uncirculated, O Canada, Specimen and Proof sets. On March

neg: Presidential $1 Coin Program the inscription "United States of America". Inscribed along the edge of the coin is the year of minting or issuance of the coin, the mint mark, 13 stars, and also the legend in the following arrangement: ; before 2009, "In God We Trust" was also part of the edge lettering. The legend "Liberty" is absent from the coin altogether, since the decision was made that the image of the Statue of Liberty on the reverse of the coin was sufficient to convey the message of liberty. The text of the act does not specify the color of the coins, but

neg: Irish pound The number of pence in the Irish pound was redefined from 240 to 100, with the penny symbol changing from "d" to "p". The pound itself was not revalued by this act and therefore pound banknotes were unaffected, although the 10 shilling note was replaced by the 50p coin. The new 5 pence coin correlated with the old 1 shilling coin, and the new 10 pence coin correlated with the old 2 shilling coin. New coins were issued of the same dimensions and materials as the corresponding new British coins. The Decimal Currency Act, 1970 made additional provisions for the

neg: New Zealand ten-cent coin New Zealand ten-cent coin The New Zealand ten-cent coin is the lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 10-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand shilling coin. In 2006 its size was reduced as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, which also saw its alloy become copper-plated steel. Due to inflation, the purchasing power of the ten-cent coin continues to decrease. As of 1 April 2018, it represents 0.61% country's minimum hourly wage for workers age 16 or over. On 10 July 1967, New Zealand's

neg: Presidential $1 Coin Program per the U.S. Mint "the specifications will be identical to those used for the current Golden dollar". The George Washington $1 coin was first available to the public on February 15, 2007, in honor of Presidents' Day, which was observed on February 19. This marked the first time since the St. Gaudens Double Eagle (1907–33) that the United States had issued a coin with edge lettering for circulation. Edge-lettered coins date back to the 1790s. The process was started to discourage the shaving of gold coin edges, a practice which was used to cheat payees. In December 2007, Congress passed

neg: Coins of the rupiah = 50 sen, rupiah was a value equal to the 1 guilder of Hindia-Belanda, the Netherlands Indies, kupang = 1/2 ringgit = 1 1/4 rupiah, benggol = seringgit = 1 ringgit = 2 1/2 rupiah = 2 1/2 Netherlands Indies guilder. The uang although it means money in Indonesian was merely a value of 1/3 tali = 8 1/3 sen but no coin was ever issued in this value. The Kupang gave its name to an Indonesian city in southwest of Timor. The coin was made of gold, circulated in Aceh, Sulawesi and Malayan states in some forms, for centuries.

neg: Geocoin Geocoin A geocoin is a metal or wooden token minted in similar fashion to a medallion, token coin, military challenge coin or wooden nickel, for use in geocaching, specifically as form of a calling card. The first geocoins were developed by Jon Stanley (aka moun10bike) as a signature item to be placed in caches. Many of these are made to be trackable on various websites to be able to show the movement around the world and visitors to be able to leave comments when they find the coin. Each coin has a unique tracking ID, which can also be used

neg: Bi-metallic coin size of the penny and halfpenny until decimalization. In recent times, the first circulating bi-metallic coin was the Italian 500 lire, first issued in 1982. Morocco, with its 5-dirhams coin in 1987; France, with a 10-francs coin in 1992; Monaco, with a 10 francs; Thailand, with a 10 baht, in 1988; and Hong Kong, with a $10 coin, in 1993, Hungary, with a 100-forint coin in 1996, and Brazil with the 1 real coin issued bi-metallic coins for circulation all based on the minting process of the Italian 500 lire coin. India introduced 10-rupee bi-metallic coins in 2009 that are

neg: Sheldon coin grading scale grades without defining their terms. At the same time, there appears to be at least some consensus in the numismatic community for the following definitions. However, bear in mind that if a coin dealer advertises a coin as "Gem Uncirculated", it does not necessarily mean that a third-party coin grading company would assign an MS-65 or MS-66 grade to the coin. Like circulated grades, proof coins are graded on the Sheldon scale from 1 to 70. Proof coins graded 60 to 70 are mirrored to those of Uncirculated grades with the difference that the coin was not made for circulation.

neg: Libertad (coin) additional 1000 3 piece sets with Reverse Proofs were made for the 90th anniversary of the Banco de Mexico and sold internally to bank employees. The following table indicates the number of coins minted at the various weights in each year: Libertad (coin) Libertad coins are gold and silver Mexican bullion coins. They are sold in 1/20, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 troy ounce (ozt) weights for both gold and silver coins; and 2, 5 ozt and 1 kilogram weights for silver coins. The coins are .999 fine silver or fine gold. On one side of the libertad coin series

neg: Royal Canadian Mint ice hockey coins Royal Canadian Mint ice hockey coins The Royal Canadian Mint has made coins with various themes. Most recently, ice hockey has been used for many numismatic releases. The first known ice hockey coin was for the 1988 Winter Olympics. Issued on February 25, 1986, the coin featured a goalie on the coin. Edge lettering was also used for the coin, the first time that it was used on silver coins. In the 1990s, the theme would be used more frequently. The first issue was in 1991 and was on a coin with a denomination of $200. The coin was titled

neg: Twenty-five øre (Danish coin) of the current Queen, Margrethe II of Denmark, first appeared on the coin. The half wreath became an oak sprig and the reverse became stylised. The last twenty-five øre coin was first struck in 1990. Its composition changed from cupro-nickel to an alloy of copper, zinc and tin. No portrait or monogram featured, only the crown of Christian V of Denmark on the obverse. Due to the decreasing value of the coin, it was abolished as a legal tender as of 1 October 2008. Its exchange for circulating coins was removed on 1 October 2011. Despite the changes in alloy

neg: Mint-made errors as soft objects such as cloth and grease. Hard objects leave sharp outlines and, on occasion, adhere to the blank producing a coin called a "retained strike-through". A planchet "struck-through" a coin is left with an impression of the coin called brockage (discussed below). When the “strike-through object is a blank planchet the result is a uni-face coin with one struck side and one blank side (see below). When the "struck-through" object is another coin, and that coin adheres to a die(as opposed to the other coin), the adhered coin is called a "die cap" (discussed below). Two coins which

neg: Australian one dollar coin a number of commemorative issued coins since the Australian $1 was released in 1984, some of which were not released into circulation. Australian one dollar coin The Australian one dollar coin is the second-most-valuable circulation denomination coin of the Australian dollar after the two-dollar coin; there are also non-circulating legal-tender coins of higher denominations (five-, ten-, two-hundred-dollar coins and the one-million-dollar coin). It was first issued on 14 May 1984 to replace the one-dollar note which was then in circulation, although plans to introduce a dollar coin had existed since the mid-1970s. The first year of minting saw 186.3 million

neg: Goldline International maintained there was nothing improper about these sponsorships. The company sells over the phone, via Internet, and in person to customers responding to an advertisement. It also calls past customers when new collectibles arrive but does not cold call prospective clients. Purchases are made by check, credit card, cash, or wire transfer. The law does not allow precious metal dealers, such as Goldline, to guarantee a buy-back. The customer will pay a 1% liquidation fee on the bid price of the coin (the price Goldline is willing to buy back the coin before discounting for the fee). For example, if

neg: American Buffalo (coin) only have been issued in a one-ounce version, but in 2008, $5, $10, and $25 face value coins were minted with 1/10 oz, 1/4 oz, and 1/2 oz of gold respectively. After a long wait by both collectors and investors, the "uncirculated" version of the American Buffalo gold piece was made available to coin dealers on June 20, 2006. Collectors who wanted to purchase the "proof" version from the mint were given the opportunity to place their orders with the mint beginning on July 22. The 2006 proof quality coin has a strict mintage limit of 300,000, with an additional

neg: Counterfeiting Coin Act 1741 Counterfeiting Coin Act 1741 The Counterfeiting Coin Act 1741 (15 Geo.2 c.28) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which made it high treason to counterfeit silver, copper or brass coins (counterfeiting brass or copper coins had previously only been a misdemeanor). Its long title was "An act for the more effectual preventing the counterfeiting of the current coin of this kingdom, and the uttering or paying of false or counterfeit coin." It has since been repealed. Section 2 of the Act began with an explanation for why the Act was necessary: Sections 1, 2, 6, 7 and

neg: New Zealand two-dollar coin New Zealand two-dollar coin The New Zealand two-dollar coin is the largest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. It was introduced along with the one-dollar coin in 1990. Both are made from an alloy of aluminium and brass. It is the largest and heaviest coin in circulation, weighing ten grams and measuring 26.5 millimetres in diameter. Its thickness is 2.7 mm, only 0.4 mm thinner than the one-dollar coin, thus it is the second-thickest coin in the country's circulation. A two dollar banknote was used in New Zealand from the start of the dollar in 1967 until 1991 when the

neg: Trade dollar (United States coin) Trade dollar (United States coin) The United States trade dollar was a dollar coin minted by the United States Mint to compete with other large silver trade coins that were already popular in East Asia. The idea first came about in the 1860s, when the price of silver began to decline due to increased mining efforts in the western United States. A bill providing in part for the issuance of the trade dollar was eventually put before Congress, where it was approved and later signed into law as the Coinage Act of 1873. The act made trade dollars legal tender

neg: Coins of the Maltese lira 1975 an octagonal 25 cent coin was introduced to commemorate Malta becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations on 13 December 1974. The new coat of arms appeared on the obverse side, and the 25c coin was the first coin to depict the new republic coat of arms. A new series was issued on 19 May 1986, which consisted of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents and 1 lira, all depicting local flora and fauna on the obverse and the republican coat of arms on the reverse. The 1 lira coin was introduced in this series, replacing a

neg: Manx pound coins in 1976. In 1978 a 1 pound coin 22mm in diameter, 1.45mm thick and weighing 4g was introduced, but was not popular compared to the existing £1 note which remained in use. A 20 pence coin was introduced alongside its UK counterpart in 1982. In 1983, when the UK replaced £1 notes with pound coins, the Isle withdrew the pound coins issued since 1978 and began to issue ones to the UK coin's specification (22.5mm and 9.5g). Similarly, a bimetallic 2 pound coin was introduced alongside the UK version in 1998. The obverse of Manx coins bears the same

neg: Quantum coin flipping which could lead them to cheat in a variety of ways. The essence of coin flipping occurs when the two players issue a sequence of instructions over a communication channel that then eventually results in an output. A basic quantum coin flipping protocol involves two people: Alice and Bob. A more general explanation of the above protocol is as follows: There are a few assumptions that must be made for this protocol to work properly. The first is that Alice can create each state independent of Bob, and with an equal probability. Second, for the first bit that Bob successfully

neg: Lynchburg Sesquicentennial half dollar the coin should bear the portrait of John Lynch, founder of Lynchburg, on the obverse, but no portrait of him was known. Instead, the Lynchburg Sesqui-Centennial Association decided Senator Glass should be on the coin. Despite his opposition, Glass became the third living person to appear on a U.S. coin, and the first to be shown alone. The coins sold well when placed on sale in the late summer of 1936, and sales to out-of-towners were limited. The entire issue sold out, with some placed aside for the sesquicentennial celebrations in October. Issued for $1, the coins have appreciated over

neg: Coins of the Canadian dollar to the $1 and $2 coins as well. The 50¢ piece is regularly minted, but not in large quantities; it is very rare to come across this coin in circulation, although an unsuccessful attempt was made by the Mint to promote the use of the coin when a special edition was released in 2002 marking the 50th anniversary of Elizabeth II ascending the throne. Coins issued in 2002 do not have the usual mint date, which normally appears on the reverse side. Instead, the 2002 coins have a commemorative double-date on the obverse side: "1952-2002", to commemorate the 50th anniversary