query: who is called the father of scientific management

pos: Frederick Winslow Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era (1890s-1920s). Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his 1911 book "The Principles of Scientific Management" which, in 2001, Fellows of the Academy of Management voted the most influential management book of the twentieth century. His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to the work

pos: Quality management proponent in the US for this approach was Eli Whitney who proposed (interchangeable) parts manufacture for muskets, hence producing the identical components and creating a musket assembly line. The next step forward was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is sometimes called "the father of scientific management." He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and part of his approach laid a further foundation for quality management, including aspects like standardization and adopting improved practices. Henry Ford was also important in bringing process and quality

pos: Lean manufacturing major influence on his own business practices, which included Just-in-time manufacturing. The accumulation of waste and energy within the work environment was noticed by motion efficiency expert Frank Gilbreth, who witnessed the inefficient practices of masons who often bend over to gather bricks from the ground. The introduction of a non-stooping scaffold, which delivered the bricks at waist level, allowed masons to work about three times as quickly, and with the least amount of effort. Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of scientific management, introduced what are now called standardization and best practice deployment. In "Principles of Scientific Management", (1911), Taylor

pos: Fayolism has been regarded by many as the father of the modern operational management theory, and his ideas have become a fundamental part of modern management concepts. Fayol is often compared to Frederick Winslow Taylor who developed Scientific Management. Taylor's Scientific Management deals with the efficient organization of production in the context of a competitive enterprise that is concerned with controlling its production costs. Taylor's system of scientific management is the cornerstone of classical theory. Fayol was also a classical theorist, and referred to Taylor in his writing and considered him a visionary and pioneer in the management of organizations. However,

pos: Henri Fayol Henri Fayol Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 – 19 November 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management but roughly contemporaneously. Like his contemporary, Frederick Winslow Taylor, he is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern management method. Fayol was born in 1841 in a suburb of Constantinople (current Istanbul). His father (an engineer) was in the military at the time and was appointed superintendent of works to build Galata Bridge, which

pos: Karol Adamiecki known article describing his diagram, which he called the "harmonogram" or "harmonograf". Adamiecki had, however, published his works in Polish and Russian, languages little known in the English-speaking world. By this time, a similar method had been popularized in the West by Henry Gantt (who had published articles on it in 1910 and 1915). With minor modifications, Adamiecki's chart is now more commonly referred to in English as the Gantt chart. Adamiecki published his first papers in management in 1898, before Frederick Winslow Taylor had popularized scientific management. In 1925 Adamiecki founded the Polish Institute of Scientific Management. He did

pos: Scientific management Scientific management Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labour productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Scientific management is sometimes known as Taylorism after its founder, Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor began the theory's development in the United States during the 1880s and '90s within manufacturing industries, especially steel. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; Taylor died in 1915 and by the 1920s, scientific management was still influential but had entered into competition

pos: The Principles of Scientific Management The Principles of Scientific Management The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) is a monograph published by Frederick Winslow Taylor. This laid out Taylor's views on principles of scientific management, or industrial era organization and decision theory. Taylor was an American manufacturing manager, mechanical engineer, and then a management consultant in his later years. The term "scientific management" refers to coordinating the enterprise for everyone's benefit including increased wages for laborers although the approach is "directly antagonistic to the old idea that each workman can best regulate his own way of doing the work." His approach is also often referred to

pos: The Principles of Scientific Management task through a time and motion study, to train the worker in this method, and keep individual records for incentive based pay. Taylor devotes most of the remainder of the work to providing case studies to support his case, including: Taylor warned about attempting to implement parts of scientific management without accepting the whole philosophy, stating that too fast of a change was often met with trouble, strikes, and failure. The Principles of Scientific Management The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) is a monograph published by Frederick Winslow Taylor. This laid out Taylor's views on principles of scientific management, or

pos: Edward Filene ousted from store management by his fellow stockholders who were "troubled by his liberal management policies", but retained an office and the title of President. His ouster allowed him to dedicate more time to his passions of travel, civic organizations, and philanthropy. He wrote numerous speeches, pamphlets and several books. Edward Filene drew inspiration from the scientific management ideas of Frederick Winslow Taylor and adapted these ideas for use in the retail environment. While Taylor is best known for the use of scientific methods to increase workplace efficiency, he was also interested in how to improve the quality of work

pos: Diagnostic Enterprise Method Diagnostic Enterprise Method The diagnostic enterprise method is a management theory whose methods were created based on Frederick Winslow Taylor's principles to develop new ways in which companies can change their internal structure without outside help. Some of the techniques bring the managers the advantage to find opportunity areas in the company to correct them without affecting the enterprise development. This methods can be applied without big costs in money, time and training. This method can be applied to almost any enterprise. Frederick Winslow Taylor is considered the father of scientific management. Taylor evolved from a simple floor worker to

pos: Curriculum theory one that prepares definitely and adequately for these specific activities." From this idea, he suggested that curriculum was a series of experiences that children have in order to meet "objectives," or abilities and habits that people need for particular activities. Other famous theorists of this movement included Edward L. Thorndyke (1874-1949), the father of experimental psychology in education, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), with his theory of scientific management, David Snedden, an educational sociologist who promoted social efficiency and vocational education, and W.W. Charters (1875-1952), a teacher educator who felt that "curriculum was those methods by which objectives are determined". By

pos: Collaboration enriched uranium bomb code-named "Little Boy" on August 6 over Hiroshima, Japan; and a second plutonium bomb, code-named "Fat Man" on August 9 over Nagasaki, Japan. As a discipline, Project Management developed from different fields including construction, engineering and defense. In the United States, the forefather of project management is Henry Gantt, who is known for his use of the "bar" chart as a project management tool, for being an associate of Frederick Winslow Taylor's theories of scientific management and for his study of the management of Navy ship building. His work is the forerunner to many modern project management

neg: Organizational analysis Frederick W. Taylor's (1911) Structural Perspective. Taylor was the father of time-and-motion studies and founded an approach he called "scientific management." It was Taylor's stance that organisations should be as mechanistic and efficient as possible. These Scientific Management principles served a valuable purpose for the Ford Motor Company, where the first American, mass-produced automobiles were being created. The rational model views organizations as a mechanism that is made up of various parts that can be modified in order to create an output in the shortest amount of time and without deviation. The natural system model is in many ways the

neg: Frederick Winslow Taylor eventually became a professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. In early spring of 1915 Taylor caught pneumonia and died, one day after his fifty-ninth birthday, on March 21, 1915. He was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Taylor was a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. Taylor is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants and director of a famous firm. In Peter Drucker's description, Taylor's scientific management consisted of four principles: Future US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis coined the term

neg: Charles D. Wrege Frederick W. Taylor's. The pig-iron experiments on the loading of pig-iron were conducted by Taylor in 1899. Wrege and Perroni (1974) found out that They even concluded: In 1991 Wrege and a colleague management historian Ron Greenwood (d. 1995) published a more general work on the myth and reality of Frederick W. Taylor as father of scientific management. During his historical studies of scientific management, Wrege developed a growing interest in the graphic history of Scientific Management, which he dated from 1856 to 1929. The year of 1856 apparently signified the origin, and this is the same year in which

neg: Scientific management so-called "scientific management"/Taylorism as pseudoscience. Scientific management was one of the first attempts to systematically treat management and process improvement as a scientific problem. It may have been the first to do so in a "bottom-up" way and found a lineage of successors that have many elements in common. With the advancement of statistical methods, quality assurance and quality control began in the 1920s and 1930s. During the 1940s and 1950s, the body of knowledge for doing scientific management evolved into operations management, operations research, and management cybernetics. In the 1980s total quality management became widely popular, and in the

neg: Scientific management Although the typical application of scientific management was manufacturing, Taylor himself advocated scientific management for all sorts of work, including the management of universities and government. For example, Taylor believed scientific management could be extended to "the work of our salesmen". Shortly after his death, his acolyte Harlow S. Person began to lecture corporate audiences on the possibility of using Taylorism for "sales engineering" (Person was talking about what is now called sales process engineering—engineering the processes that salespeople use—not about what we call sales engineering today.) This was a watershed insight in the history of corporate marketing. Google's methods

neg: Scientific Revolution a "tabula rasa", a "blank tablet," upon which sensory impressions were recorded and built up knowledge through a process of reflection. The philosophical underpinnings of the Scientific Revolution were laid out by Francis Bacon, who has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the "Baconian method", or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. Bacon proposed a great reformation

neg: British philosophy of the scientific method and pioneer in the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularized deductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the "Baconian method" or simply, the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, so bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments. Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was an

neg: Dietrich Brandis "Indian Trees" (1906). He is considered the father of tropical forestry and has also been described as the father of scientific forestry. In addition to his work in India, he also had a significant influence on forest management in the United States. A member of the patrician Brandis family, Dietrich Brandis was born in Bonn, and was the son of the prominent philosopher Christian August Brandis, who was tutor to the young King Otho of Greece and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Bonn. His grandfather Joachim Dietrich Brandis was personal physician to Queen Marie of Denmark and Norway

neg: The Principles of Scientific Management the whole system, in contrast to scientific management. Taylor's scientific management consisted of four principles: Under the management of "initiative and incentive", the first three elements often exist in some form, but their importance is minor. However, under scientific management, they "form the very essence of the whole system". Taylor's summary of the fourth point is "Under the management of "initiative and incentive" practically the whole problem is "up to the workman", while under scientific management fully one-half of the problem is "up to the management"." It is up to the management to determine the best method to complete each

neg: Alexander Knaster it to become a leading global donor to early stage cancer research. Knaster is married to Irina Knaster; they have four children. He lives in New York City, New York. Alexander Knaster Alexander Knaster (born 19 February 1959) is a British businessman. A billionaire, he is founder of Pamplona Capital Management. Knaster was born in Moscow in 1959 to a Jewish family of academics. His father, Mark Knaster, who held several patents relating to metal coatings, batteries and solar cells, worked in a number of respected scientific institutions, including USC. His mother, Tatyana Knaster, is a civil engineer who taught

neg: Scientific management can be seen to have begun in the scientific management era, most notably in the writings of Katherine M. H. Blackford, who was also a proponent of eugenics. Practices descended from scientific management are currently used in offices and in medicine (e.g. managed care) as well. In the 21st century the tendency to overcome Taylorism is very great. The trend is moving away from assembly line work, since people are increasingly being replaced by machines in production plants and sub-processes are automated, so that human labor is not necessary in these cases. The desire for automated workflow in companies is

neg: Alexander Knaster Alexander Knaster Alexander Knaster (born 19 February 1959) is a British businessman. A billionaire, he is founder of Pamplona Capital Management. Knaster was born in Moscow in 1959 to a Jewish family of academics. His father, Mark Knaster, who held several patents relating to metal coatings, batteries and solar cells, worked in a number of respected scientific institutions, including USC. His mother, Tatyana Knaster, is a civil engineer who taught at Pennsylvania Institute of Technology. Knaster immigrated to the United States at the age of 16 with his family. He graduated with a B.S. electric engineering and mathematics from Carnegie

neg: Scientific management formed unions, demanded higher pay, and went on strike to be free of control issues. This ignited class conflict, which Taylorism was initially meant to prevent. Efforts to resolve the conflicts included methods of scientific collectivism, making agreements with unions, and the personnel management movement. In the middle of 1960 some counter-movements to Taylorism arose. Representatives of the so-called Human Relations movement urged humanization and democratization of the working world. The criticism of Taylorism supports the unilateral approach of labor. Strictly speaking, Taylorism is not a scientific theory. All theories of F. W. Taylor are based on experiments. On the

neg: Valeport Limited in a management buyout to the current chairman Charles Quartley. The business remains solely owned by Charles Quartley and his immediate family. Since 2005, Charles Quartley’s son Matthew took over the role of managing director from his father. In 2010 Matthew Quartley was awarded the annual Association of Marine Scientific Industries|Association of Marine Scientific Industries (AMSI) “Businessperson of the Year” award for being an “excellent example of the new generation of business people who are entering this dynamic industry and taking it to new heights”. Valeport has greatly expanded since its founding in 1969: having outgrown its original site in

neg: High-level radioactive waste management create countervailing risks of greater magnitude. Radioactive waste management is an example of policy analysis that requires special attention to ethical concerns, examined in the light of uncertainty and "futurity": consideration of 'the impacts of practices and technologies on future generations'. There is a debate over what should constitute an acceptable scientific and engineering foundation for proceeding with radioactive waste disposal strategies. There are those who have argued, on the basis of complex geochemical simulation models, that relinquishing control over radioactive materials to geohydrologic processes at repository closure is an acceptable risk. They maintain that so-called "natural analogues" inhibit subterranean

neg: Project management Wren (1632–1723), Thomas Telford (1757–1834) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859). In the 1950s organizations started to systematically apply project-management tools and techniques to complex engineering projects. As a discipline, project management developed from several fields of application including civil construction, engineering, and heavy defense activity. Two forefathers of project management are Henry Gantt, called the father of planning and control techniques, who is famous for his use of the Gantt chart as a project management tool (alternatively "Harmonogram" first proposed by Karol Adamiecki); and Henri Fayol for his creation of the five management functions that form the foundation of the

neg: Richard A. Feiss father, producer of men and boy's clothing. The company had just opened a new factory, which was "actively working to eliminate the evils of the "outside" shop system." In 1907 the company adopted the new name and trademark, "Joseph & Feiss." Feiss adopted the new scientific management principles, and "set out to manage the company’s work force in a manner that would maximize productivity but at the same time create a humane work environment that would keep workers healthy and happy." Feiss joined "together Taylor’s principles of scientific management with Progressive era welfare capitalism, establishing a work environment at Joseph

neg: Behavior-based safety feeling, and/or common knowledge. To be successful, the BBS program used must be based on scientific knowledge. Behavior-based safety Behavior-based safety (BBS) is the "application of science of behavior change to real world safety problems". or "A process that creates a safety partnership between management and employees that continually focuses people's attentions and actions on theirs, and others, daily safety behavior." BBS "focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a research-supported intervention strategy to improve what people do". At its very core BBS is based on a larger scientific field called organizational behavior management.

neg: CITES from the sea of species covered by the Convention has to be authorized through a licensing system. According to Article IX of the Convention, Management and Scientific Authorities, each Party to the Convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administering that licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities to advise them on the effects of trade on the status of CITES-listed species. Roughly 5,000 species of animals and 29,000 species of plants are protected by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade. Each protected species or population is included in one of three lists, called appendices

neg: Richard Larkins Richard Larkins Richard Graeme Larkins AO is the current Chancellor of La Trobe University. He was the Vice-Chancellor and President of Monash University from 2003 to June 2009. Prior to this, he had a distinguished career in medicine, scientific research and academic management. Larkins is the son of Graeme Larkins and Margaret "Peg" Rosanove. His father was a medical doctor who specialised in geriatric medicine. His mother was a lawyer and Victoria's first female judge on the Family Court of Australia. Larkins attended Melbourne Grammar School, where he was dux. He then entered Trinity College while studying medicine at the

neg: Richard Larkins to compete globally. Richard Larkins Richard Graeme Larkins AO is the current Chancellor of La Trobe University. He was the Vice-Chancellor and President of Monash University from 2003 to June 2009. Prior to this, he had a distinguished career in medicine, scientific research and academic management. Larkins is the son of Graeme Larkins and Margaret "Peg" Rosanove. His father was a medical doctor who specialised in geriatric medicine. His mother was a lawyer and Victoria's first female judge on the Family Court of Australia. Larkins attended Melbourne Grammar School, where he was dux. He then entered Trinity College while studying

neg: Scientific management education leads to better trained workers, but the competitive pressure also rises. The interplay of economic as well as the pressure to innovate also lead to uncertainty among employees. The national diseases in the 21st century have become burn-out phenomena and depressions, often in conjunction with the stress and the increased performance pressure in the work. Scientific management Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labour productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Scientific management

neg: Tamil Nadu Forest Department FRS, CIE, (pictured), efficient assistance in introducing and systematically working forest conservancy in the forests of Bengal. Cleghorn has been called "the father of scientific forestry in India" On 10 January 1865, a public resolution by the Government of India, designated Dr Cleghorn as the founder of Forest Conservancy in India, and added: "His long services from the first organisation of forest management in Madras have without question greatly conduced to the public good in this branch of the administration". Douglas Hamilton was very interested in forest conservation in South India, and often visited his old friend General James Michael

neg: Institute of Cetacean Research basis". The International Whaling Commission's Scientific Committee has repeatedly expressed concern for the objectives and results obtained by the ICR. In a resolution in 2007, the IWC noted that "none of the goals of JARPA 1 had been reached, and that the results of the JARPA 1 [Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic] programme are not required for management under the RMP [Revised Management Procedure]" and called upon the Japanese government "to address the 31 recommendations listed in [the Scientific Committee's JARPA 1 report] to the satisfaction of the Scientific Committee" and "to suspend indefinitely the

neg: Kristina Rungano Kristina Rungano Kristina Masuwa-Morgan (born 28 February 1963) is a Zimbabwean poet and short story writer, better known as Kristina Rungano. She was the first published Zimbabwean woman poet. Rungano was born in 1963 in Harare, Zimbabwe. Her father, who was Roman Catholic, ran a business in Zvimba District. She was educated at Catholic boarding schools near her hometown, before moving to the United Kingdom to study management and computer science. In 1979, having gained a diploma in computer science, she returned to Zimbabwe and worked at the Harare Scientific Computing Centre. Her first poetry collection, "A Storm is Brewing",

neg: Francis Bacon Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (; 22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman, who served as Attorney General, and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are credited with developing the scientific method, and remained influential through the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued this could be achieved by use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. While

neg: Engineering Magazine Magazine Co. in New York also published some important indexes, such as "The Engineering index annual." A 1966 review in "Business Week" summarized, that the "Engineering Magazine" founded by Dunlap in 1891 "had long before become the quality magazine in the field of business management. in the field of business management. If Frederick W. Taylor was the father of scientific management, the Engineering Magazine was most certainly the mother of the entire management movement — the family forum for every pioneer in management 20 years before efficiency became a national fad." Tsoukas & Knudsen (2005) added, that "during the first

neg: Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant and author, known as early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of "Cheaper by the Dozen". Both he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors. Gilbreth was born in Fairfield, Maine on July 7, 1868. He was the third child and only

neg: Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. was written by Frank Jr. alone in 1962. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth wrote in collaboration, but Lillian's name was not included on the title page until after she earned her PhD. Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant and author, known as early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of "Cheaper by the Dozen". Both he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to

neg: Henk G. Sol Silver Core. In 2003 the TU Delft TPM Faculty initiated an annual Henk G. Sol Award for faculty members and PhD students for the best paper or publication, in honor of Prof. Henk Sol, who may be regarded as the "founding father" of TPM. He appeared as a keynote speaker at various international scientific conferences: BIS, DSS 2.0 and others. He is a well-known author with a few hundred publications in the fields of ICT, management information systems, decision support systems and telematics. A selection: Henk G. Sol Henk Gerard Sol (born 11 August 1951 in Borger, Netherlands) is a

neg: Centre for Applied Genomics the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation. Additionally, philanthropic donations are administered by The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation, and specific research projects are funded by a wide variety of agencies and charitable foundations. The Scientific Director of TCAG is Dr. Stephen W. Scherer, Senior Staff Scientist in The Hospital for Sick Children's Research Institute, Director of the McLaughlin Centre, and a professor at the University of Toronto. TCAG is governed by a Scientific Management Committee, who meet regularly to discuss high-level strategic planning. The Scientific Management

neg: Mister Fantastic he desires. Richards acts as the leader and father figure of the Fantastic Four, although in recent years he has increasingly been portrayed as being cold and distant towards his teammates due to his scientific, methodical nature. This is particularly true with his best friend, Ben Grimm, who partially blames Richards for his transformation into a large, rocky creature called the Thing. Whenever Richards is confronted with a challenge, his attention can be so focused that he can neglect even his own family. Regardless, he is the loving husband of Susan Storm, father of son Franklin Richards and daughter Valeria

neg: Scientific management of increasing productivity and output can be seen to be influenced by Taylorism as well. The Silicon Valley company is a forerunner in applying behavioral science to increase knowledge worker productivity. In classic scientific management as well as approaches like lean management or business process reengineering leaders and experts develop and define standard. Leading high-tech companies use the concept of nudge management to increase productivity of employees. More and more business leaders start to make use of this new scientific management. Today's militaries employ all of the major goals and tactics of scientific management, if not under that name. Of

neg: Scientific management 1990s "re-engineering" went from a simple word to a mystique. Today's Six Sigma and lean manufacturing could be seen as new kinds of scientific management, although their evolutionary distance from the original is so great that the comparison might be misleading. In particular, Shigeo Shingo, one of the originators of the Toyota Production System, believed that this system and Japanese management culture in general should be seen as a kind of scientific management. Peter Drucker saw Frederick Taylor as the creator of knowledge management, because the aim of scientific management was to produce knowledge about how to improve work processes.

neg: The Broken God creates colored strands on it and the choosing of the animal spirit. Danlo chooses Ahira, which is otherwise called the White Thallow. The White Thallow is actually a snowy owl. However, the rite exhausts Soli and he dies. Before his death, Soli tells Danlo about his true father and mother from the Unreal City (Neverness). Soli informs Danlo that he is actually Danlo's grandfather, Leopold Soli. Danlo's mother, father and Soli were humans on a scientific mission among the Alaloi, who had physically carked (not genetically transformed, but changed through surgery) their bodies to look like the Alaloi. Danlo's Mother,

neg: Project production management application in the fields of manufacturing and factory production systems. Factory Physics is an example of where these scientific principles are described as forming a framework for manufacturing and production management. Just as Factory Physics is the application of scientific principles to construct a framework for manufacturing and production management, Project Production Management is the application of the very same operations principles to the activities in a project, covering an area that has been conventionally out of scope for project management. Modern project management theory and techniques started with Frederick Taylor and Taylorism/scientific management at the beginning of the 20th

neg: Nathaniel Richards (Marvel Comics) version of Nathaniel Richards exist that was pulled into the far future with the other Nathaniels by Immortus. This version of Nathaniel, called the Beast, was a homicidal maniac who took the opportunity to slaughter all of his alternate counterparts. The Nathaniel of Earth 616 teams up with young college aged Reed Richards, Ben Grimm and Victor von Doom in order to defeat him. In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, Reed's father is renamed Gary Richards and he does not have a scientific background. He also seems to despise his son's scientific mind, preferring his friend Ben Grimm's athletic abilities. When

neg: The Psychology of Management The Psychology of Management The Psychology of Management: The Function of the Mind in Determining, Teaching, and Installing Methods of Least Waste is a book written by Lillian Gilbreth which investigates the psychological aspects of scientific management, incorporating concepts of human relations and worker individuality into management principles. Published in 1914, it is a major early work in the field of industrial psychology and scientific management. A contemporary book review reflects early resistance to scientific management, stating the book "does not answer the really important questions about the effect of standardized work upon the worker". In this book, Gilbreth defines

neg: Frederick Winslow Taylor done on the factory floor was instrumental in the creation and development of the branch of engineering that is now known as industrial engineering. Taylor made his name in, and was most proud of his work in, scientific management; however, he made his fortune patenting steel-process improvements. Taylor was also an athlete who competed nationally in tennis and golf. Taylor was born in 1856 to a Quaker family in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Taylor's father, Franklin Taylor, a Princeton-educated lawyer, built his wealth on mortgages. Taylor's mother, Emily Annette Taylor (née Winslow), was an ardent abolitionist and a coworker with Lucretia

neg: Strait Jacket very dangerous and highly illegal. Due to an invisible contaminant called the "malediction", or simply the "curse", people who use magic too often are at risk in transforming into "Demons," or horrific, malevolent abominations of nature that become immune to ordinary weapons. The Magic Administration Bureau, also known as the Sorcery Management Bureau, is set up in the attempt to safely explore the nature of magic, officially document it, attempt to provide rational scientific explanation for it, regulate its use and police those who use magic illegally. Magic, utilized in a safe sense by the Bureau, has been used as

neg: Harrington Emerson scientific management, Emerson conceived of an organic organisation where efficiency was a natural occurrence, not an imposed set of targets and procedures - a concept that has a lot in common with total quality management and a management philosophy that remains valid and important." This article incorporates public domain material from: Horace Bookwalter Drury. "Scientific management; a history and criticism". 2d ed., rev. Published 1918 by Columbia university in New York Harrington Emerson Harrington Emerson (August 2, 1853 – September 2, 1931) was an American efficiency engineer and business theorist, who founded the management consultancy firm Emerson Institute in New

neg: Time and motion study with which he considered the Gilbreths’ method. The split with Taylor in 1914, on the basis of attitudes to workers, meant the Gilbreths had to argue contrary to the trade unionists, government commissions and Robert Hoxie who believed scientific management was unstoppable. The Gilbreths were charged with the task of proving that motion study particularly, and scientific management generally, increased industrial output in ways which improved and did not detract from workers' mental and physical strength. This was no simple task given the propaganda fuelling the Hoxie report and the consequent union opposition to scientific management. In addition, the Gilbreths

neg: Organizational behavior applied an approach known as the scientific management. Taylor advocated for maximizing task efficiency through the scientific method. The scientific method was further refined by Lillian and Frank Gilbreth, who utilized time and motion study to further improve worker efficiency. In the early 20th century the idea of Fordism emerged. Named after automobile mogul Henry Ford, the method relied on the standardization of production through the use of assembly lines. This allowed unskilled workers to produce complex products efficiently. Sorenson later clarified that Fordism developed independently of Taylor. Fordism can be explained as the application of bureaucratic and scientific management

neg: Application portfolio management of financial measurements of business value that are called Business Value Dials (Indicators). It is a multidimensional program, including a business component, and is relatively easy to implement. AIE is a decision analysis method developed by Hubbard Decision Research. AIE claims to be "the first truly scientific and theoretically sound method" that builds on several methods from decision theory and risk analysis including the use of Monte Carlo methods. AIE is not used often because of its complexity. Application portfolio management IT application portfolio management (APM) is a practice that has emerged in mid to large-size information technology (IT) organizations

neg: Hillah was called the Technical Institute; today it is called the Technical Institute in Babylon and includes the following fields: scientific (civil and space and electrical and electronic devices, computers and mechanics, machinery and equipment), administrative (accounting, management, and computer systems), and medical (community health and nursing). In 1959 the Technical Institute established a project Musayyib that included these disciplines: technological (Irrigation and mechanics, machinery and equipment), administrative (accounting, warehouse management), and agricultural (plant production, soil and land reclamation, machinery and agricultural equipment, and production of life). Starting in 1991, the University of Babylon offers education in fine arts, law, engineering,

neg: Scientific Computing & Instrumentation Scientific Computing & Instrumentation Scientific Computing (SC) (formerly "Scientific Computing & Instrumentation - SC&I") is a trade publication of Advantage Business Media. It focuses on the scientific applications of computers for automating laboratory and instrument operations. While all aspects of scientific automation are covered, special emphasis is given to the areas of laboratory information management systems (LIMS), laboratory information systems (LIS), chromatography data systems (CDS), and Scientific data management systems (SDMS). It is published monthly, and currently has a global circulation of ~70k, mostly scientific and technical professionals. Subscriptions are free to qualified recipients (those working in the field). The

neg: Dappy Contostavlos grew up with his parents, Byron Contostavlos and Zoi Agorou and older brother Spiros. His father had been a member of the group Mungo Jerry. Byron died on 12 April 2007. He is of Greek-Cypriot descent. Dappy and best friend Fazer started making beats together and coming up with lyrics, later asking Dappy's cousin, Tulisa (who was reluctant at first), to join the band and started to perform in and around Camden Town from the age of thirteen. At the time they were called the Lickle Rinsers Crew and went under the management of Dappy's father Byron, who to

neg: Frankenstein's monster currents was a scientific possibility. Another proposal is that the character of Dr. Frankenstein was based upon a real scientist who had a similar name, and who had been called a modern Prometheus--Benjamin Franklin. Accordingly, the monster would represent the new nation that Franklin helped to create out of remnants left by England. Victor Frankenstein's father "made also a kite, with a wire and string, which drew down that fluid from the clouds," wrote Shelley, similar to Franklin's famous kite experiment. Frankenstein's monster Frankenstein's monster, often referred to as "Frankenstein", is a fictional character who first appeared in Mary Shelley's

neg: Thomas Jakl pesticides, detergents, endocrine disrupters etc. Dr. Jakl is a prominent public speaker who addresses global issues pertaining to sustainable development and environmental management. He is a prolific writer credited with over 100 publications in high quality newspapers, journals and books on scientific and environmental related issues. Dr. Jakl is one of the most influential thinkers on the subject of sound chemical management, and the foremost propounder of Chemical Leasing. He is the co-author of "Chemical Leasing" and "Chemical Leasing goes Global." He has pioneering contributions to the fields of scientific and technical risk assessment of substances and products, best practice

neg: Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and "hydrostatic balances", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His

neg: Herbert Spencer England, on 27 April 1820, the son of William George Spencer (generally called George). Spencer's father was a religious dissenter who drifted from Methodism to Quakerism, and who seems to have transmitted to his son an opposition to all forms of authority. He ran a school founded on the progressive teaching methods of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and also served as Secretary of the Derby Philosophical Society, a scientific society which had been founded in 1783 by Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin. Spencer was educated in empirical science by his father, while the members of the Derby Philosophical Society

neg: Engineering Magazine Engineering Magazine Engineering Magazine was an American illustrated monthly magazine devoted to industrial progress, first published in 1891. The periodical is published under this title until October 1916. Sequentially from Nov. 1916 to 1927 it was published as Industrial Management. Engineering Magazine was a popular journal about engineering, technology, and industry. It described the system of manufacturing which has come to be known as distinctively American. Several leading authors of the efficiency movement published the first versions of their seminal works in the "Engineering Magazine". With Frederick W. Taylor named the father of scientific management, the "Engineering Magazine" has been

neg: Scientific workflow system by connecting nodes together, and tools have also been developed to build such applications in a platform-independent manner. Each directed edge in the graph of a workflow typically represents a connection from the output of one application to the input of the next. A sequence of such edges may be called a pipeline. A bioinformatics workflow management system is a specialized scientific workflow system focused on bioinformatics. The simplest computerized scientific workflows are scripts that call in data, programs, and other inputs and produce outputs that might include visualizations and analytical results. These may be implemented in programs such as

neg: Behavior-based safety Behavior-based safety Behavior-based safety (BBS) is the "application of science of behavior change to real world safety problems". or "A process that creates a safety partnership between management and employees that continually focuses people's attentions and actions on theirs, and others, daily safety behavior." BBS "focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a research-supported intervention strategy to improve what people do". At its very core BBS is based on a larger scientific field called organizational behavior management. In a safety management system based upon the hierarchy of hazard control, BBS may be applied to

neg: Frederick M. "Skip" Burkle Jr. is noted among "the most recognized leaders in the fields of Disaster Medicine, Public Health Preparedness, Emergency Management, and Environmental Health." He has published over 240 scientific practice and policy articles, multiple abstracts, 70 book chapters and four books, three on disaster management including Disaster Medicine: Applications for the Immediate Management and Triage of Civilian and Military Disaster Victims in 1984. Frederick M. "Skip" Burkle Jr. Frederick M. "Skip" Burkle, Jr. (born April 29, 1940) is an American physician known for his work in human rights, international diplomacy and peacemaking, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response. He has been called "the

neg: Father of surgery the veins. He has been called the "father of ancient surgery". The Scotsman John Hunter (1728–1793) was known for his scientific, experimental approach to medicine and surgery. He has been called the "father of modern surgery". The American surgeon Philip Syng Physick (1768–1837) worked in Philadelphia and invented a number of new surgical methods and instruments. He has been called the "father of modern surgery". The Englishman Joseph Lister (1827–1912) became well known for his advocacy of the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic, and was dubbed the "father of modern surgery" as a result. The German Theodor

neg: Juliana Freire research projects include the VisTrails scientific workflow management system, and the DeepPeep search engine for web database content. Freire was the program co-chair of the WWW2010 conference. In 2014, Freire was elected as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to provenance management research and technology, and computational reproducibility." Juliana Freire Juliana Freire de Lima e Silva is a Brazilian computer scientist who works as a professor of computer science and engineering at the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering. She is known for her research in information visualization, data provenance, and computerized assistance for scientific

neg: Productivity improving technologies using fixtures to hold and precisely align parts being machined, jigs to guide the machine tools and gauges to measure critical dimensions of finished parts. Other work processes involved minimizing the number of steps in doing individual tasks, such as bricklaying, by performing time and motion studies to determine the one best method, the system becoming known as Taylorism after Fredrick Winslow Taylor who is the best known developer of this method, which is also known as "scientific management" after his work "The Principles of Scientific Management". Standardization and interchangeability are considered to be main reasons for U.S. exceptionality.Standardization was

neg: Scientific management working methods and courses based on systematic analysis rather than relying on tradition and rule of thumb. Taylorism is, according to Stephen P. Waring, considered very controversial, despite its popularity. It is often criticized for turning the worker into an "automaton" or "machine". Due to techniques employed with scientific management, employees claim to have become overworked and were hostile to the process. Criticisms commonly came from workers who were subjected to an accelerated work pace, lower standards of workmanship, lower product-quality, and lagging wages. Workers defied being reduced to such machines, and objected to the practices of Taylorism. Many workers

neg: International Business School, Botevgrad administration) in professional field Administration and management, Economics and management (industry) in the professional field economics, economy and management (tourism) in the professional field Tourism. Research activities at IBS are reflected in research plans, programmes and projects, scientific developments, scientific conferences, expert and consultancy activities, international scientific cooperation. The University Publishing House “IBS-Press” is part of IBS structure with the main purpose of providing the school's educational and scientific work. The periodicals of IBS include: the publication scientific Works, which publishes results of theoretical and practical research and research projects of lecturers and PhD students from IBS as well as

neg: Scientific management economic efficiency. While it was prefigured in the folk wisdom of thrift, it favored empirical methods to determine efficient procedures rather than perpetuating established traditions. Thus it was followed by a profusion of successors in applied science, including time and motion study, the Efficiency Movement (which was a broader cultural echo of scientific management's impact on business managers specifically), Fordism, operations management, operations research, industrial engineering, management science, manufacturing engineering, logistics, business process management, business process reengineering, lean manufacturing, and Six Sigma. There is a fluid continuum linking scientific management with the later fields, and the different approaches often display

neg: Fred M. Utter "North American Journal of Fisheries Management" and "Transactions of the American Fisheries Society", as well as being a member of the Interior Columbia River Technical Recovery Team. He has authored over 100 scientific publications, and co-edited the book "Population Genetics and Fishery Management". Fred M. Utter Fred Utter is an affiliate professor in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington. He was recognized by NOAA in 2006 as one of their 26 history makers over the preceding 200 years, and characterised as the founding father of fishery genetics. In 1959 he began work in the ancestor laboratory of

neg: Operations management "The Principles of Scientific Management", in which he characterized scientific management (also known as Taylorism) as: Taylor is also credited for developing stopwatch time study, this combined with Frank and Lillian Gilbreth motion study gave way to time and motion study which is centered on the concepts of standard method and standard time. Frank Gilbreth is also responsible for introducing the flow process chart in 1921. Other contemporaries of Taylor worth remembering are Morris Cooke (rural electrification in the 1920s and implementer of Taylor's principles of scientific management in the Philadelphia's Department of Public Works), Carl Barth (speed-and-feed-calculating slide rules

neg: Scientific management push on the part of management to accelerate the process of automation, hastening the onset of the later stages just described. In a central assumption of scientific management, "the worker was taken for granted as a cog in the machinery." While scientific management had made jobs unpleasant, its successors made them less remunerative, less secure, and finally nonexistent as a consequence of structural unemployment. It is often assumed that Fordism derives from Taylor's work. Taylor apparently made this assumption himself when visiting the Ford Motor Company's Michigan plants not too long before he died, but it is likely that the

neg: Gisella Giovenco Gisella Giovenco decided to donate seven of her works to Alcamo, the hometown of his father, doctor Onofrio Giovenco, a pediatrician who practised his profession in Liguria, achieving notoriety for his scientific discoveries that were also published on international reviews,[6] and for his long fight in favour of the reintegration of the yacht "Elettra" which belonged to Guglielmo Marconi. In 1983 she creates some collections of men’s leatherware and designs women’s handbags; between 1991 and 1992 she produces some collections of women’s fashion. Then Giovenco works together with Sergio Soldano’s atelier for the brand management, approaching the world of perfumes:

neg: Infoterm his fame as the father of terminology science gained widespread currency, and Infoterm took control of his legacy in 1982. In 1996 Infoterm became an independent international non-profit scientific association and established the Eugen Wüster Archive at the University of Vienna. Infoterm aims to coordinate terminological cooperation internationally to facilitate subject-area communication and knowledge exchange, enabling all who are active in a particular field to participate. Its main areas of action are international collaboration on terminology, terminology policy, legal aspects of terminology data (copyright), theory and methodology of structured content (terminology database management) and terminological standardization. From 1997, Infoterm began

neg: Carl Sagan claimed that his sense of wonder came from his father, who in his free time gave apples to the poor or helped soothe labor-management tensions within New York's garment industry. Although he was awed by Carl's intellectual abilities, he took his son's inquisitiveness in stride and saw it as part of his growing up. In his later years as a writer and scientist, Sagan would often draw on his childhood memories to illustrate scientific points, as he did in his book, "Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors". Sagan describes his parents' influence on his later thinking: Sagan recalls that one of his

neg: Guanghua School of Management college graduates with at least two years’ experience in the accounting profession. Classes are held on weekday evenings and weekends, and are designed to equip students with financial expertise so that they are able to assume leading management roles in professional accounting organizations. The academic postgraduate program at Guanghua is designed for students who wish to pursue masters or doctorate degrees and intend to become scholars who can conduct high-quality scientific research in mainstream research areas relating to management and economics. The doctoral program covers seven specialties: national economy, industrial economy, finance, statistics, entrepreneurial management, management science and engineering, and

neg: William K. Lanman William K. Lanman Colonel William Kelsey Lanman Jr., (October 9, 1904 - March 27, 2001) was a notable benefactor of Yale University. He served as an aviator in the United States Marine Corps from 1935 to 1955, and later took up real estate and investment management. His father, William K. Lanman Sr., was chairman of the Columbus Bolt Company in Ohio. William K. Lanman Jr. graduated from Yale University in 1928 (B.S. from Sheffield Scientific School), as had his ancestor United States Senator James Lanman, who graduated from Yale College in 1788. Colonel Lanman's two brothers graduated from Yale College:

neg: Scientific management names for his approach initially included "shop management" and "process management". However, "scientific management" came to national attention in 1910 when crusading attorney Louis Brandeis (then not yet Supreme Court justice) popularized the term. Brandeis had sought a consensus term for the approach with the help of practitioners like Henry L. Gantt and Frank B. Gilbreth. Brandeis then used the consensus of "scientific management" when he argued before the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that a proposed increase in railroad rates was unnecessary despite an increase in labor costs; he alleged scientific management would overcome railroad inefficiencies (The ICC ruled against

neg: North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission is a state government agency created by the General Assembly in 1947 to conserve and sustain North Carolina's fish and wildlife resources through research, scientific management, wise use, and public input. The Commission is the regulatory agency responsible for the enforcement of N.C. fishing, hunting, trapping and boating laws. The agency issues licenses and permits for hunting, trapping, and fishing, as well as titles and registrations for boats 14 feet or longer and personal watercraft (jet skis) in the state. It employs peace officers (commonly called game wardens) who

neg: Scientific management Five Year Plan and the centrally planned economy can be traced directly to the influence of Taylorism on Soviet thinking. As scientific management was believed to epitomize American efficiency, Joseph Stalin even claimed that "the combination of the Russian revolutionary sweep with American efficiency is the essence of Leninism." Sorensen was one of the consultants who brought American know-how to the USSR during this era, before the Cold War made such exchanges unthinkable. As the Soviet Union developed and grew in power, both sides, the Soviets and the Americans, chose to ignore or deny the contribution that American ideas and

neg: Joseph Yagil Joseph Yagil Joseph (Yossi) Yagil (Born May 15, 1947) is an Israeli professor of finance. His main research areas are capital markets and financial management. He serves as the President of Carmel Academic Center in Haifa, and served recently as the Dean of the Faculty of Management in Haifa University. Prof. Yagil published more than 70 scientific articles in various professional journals in the world, actively participated in more than 50 international conferences, serves as Associate Editor and Board Member in several journals, a referee for scientific journals and Ph.D. theses, and supervised several Ph.D. students who completed their Ph.D.

neg: Ecosystem-based management "no park is an island", with the purpose to show how strict protection of the area is not the best method for preservation. This type of management system was however an idea that began long before and evolved through the testing and challenging of common ecosystem management practices. Before its complete synthesis, the management system's historical development can be traced back to the 1930s. During this time, the scientific communities who studied ecology realized that current approaches to the management of national parks did not provide effective protection of the species within. In 1932, The Ecological Society of America's Committee

neg: Scientific management he deemed] a good day's work." Taylor determined to discover, by scientific methods, how long it should take men to perform each given piece of work; and it was in the fall of 1882 that he started to put the first features of scientific management into operation. Horace Bookwalter Drury, in his 1918 work, "Scientific management: A History and Criticism", identified seven other leaders in the movement, most of whom learned of and extended scientific management from Taylor's efforts: Emerson's testimony in late 1910 to the Interstate Commerce Commission brought the movement to national attention and instigated serious opposition. Emerson

neg: Organizational theory be controlled through managing production as a science. Taylor defines scientific management as "concerned with knowing exactly what you want men to do and then see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way." According to Taylor, scientific management affects both workers and employers, and stresses the control of the labour force by management. Taylor identifies four inherent principles of the scientific management theory. The scholar most closely associated with Bureaucratic theory is Max Weber. In "Economy and Society", his seminal book published in 1922, Weber articulates the necessary conditions and descriptive features of bureaucracy. An organization

neg: International Business School, Botevgrad carried out in different courses. Bachelor's degree programme courses are Business administration, International business, Accounting and control, Tourism, Marketing. The Master's programmes cover the following courses: Business administration, Business finance, Taxation and control, Digital marketing, Logistics, Music business, Entrepreneurship and innovation, Accounting and auditing, Healthcare management and innovation, Information systems in management, Project management, Public sector management , Tourism management, Security management, Information security management, Event management, Resort & SPA management. IBS is accredited by the National Evaluation and Accreditation Agency to carry out training in the educational and scientific degree Doctor in the scientific specialties: Administration and management (Business

neg: John Purroy Mitchel from the ordinary voters and too concerned with "scientific" urban management. He still won in a landslide in 1913 but lost the Republican primary in 1917. John Purroy Mitchel was born on July 19, 1879 at Fordham, Bronx, New York City to James Mitchel, a New York City fire marshal, and Mary Purroy who worked as a schoolteacher until her marriage. His father James was a veteran of the Confederate States army and two of his uncles had been killed fighting for the Confederacy. His grandfather, Venezuelan-born Juan Bautista Purroy, was that country's consul in New York, which made Purroy

neg: Christine Frederick who separated shortly afterwards. In 1894 Frederick's mother married a lawyer, Wyatt MacGaffey, who adopted the girl. In 1906, Christine McGaffey (as she preferred to spell her surname) graduated from Northwestern University and became a teacher. A year later, she married J. (Justus) George Frederick, a business executive interested in the theories of scientific management put forward by Frederick W. Taylor and others. The Fredericks had four children, David Mansfield, Jean, Phyllis, and Carol. After moving to New York, Christine and J. George Frederick helped to found a club called the Advertising Women of New York in 1912 because women

neg: Scientific management borrowing some ideas from scientific management but mixing them with others, to produce more productive formula. Scientific management may have exacerbated grievances among workers about oppressive or greedy management. It certainly strengthened developments that put workers at a disadvantage: the erosion of employment in developed economies via both offshoring and automation. Both were made possible by the deskilling of jobs, which was made possible by the knowledge transfer that scientific management achieved. Knowledge was transferred both to cheaper workers and from workers into tools. Jobs that once would have required craft work first transformed to semiskilled work, then unskilled. At

neg: Integrated farming of crop production and pesticide risk reduction. IPM thus is one indispensable element of Integrated Crop Management which in turn is one essential part of the holistic Integrated Farming approach towards sustainable agriculture. KELLER, 1986 (quoted in Lütke Entrup et al., 1998 1) highlights that Integrated Crop Management is not to be understood as compromise between different agricultural production systems. It rather must be understood as production system with a targeted, dynamic and continuous use and development of experiences which were made in the so-called conventional farming. In addition to natural scientific findings, impulses from organic farming are also taken

neg: Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information which support the existence of BIREME are following: BIREME, as a specialized center PAHO/WHO, coordinates and conducts technical cooperation activities on the management of scientific information and knowledge with the aim of strengthening and expanding the flow of scientific health information in Brazil and in other Latin American and Caribbean countries as a key condition for the development of health, including its planning, management, promotion, research, education, and care. The Virtual Health Library (VHL) is the main model of this technical cooperation as a common space for the convergence of the cooperative work of producers, intermediaries, and users of health

neg: Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina community, joined up to face the challenge of founding an institution. Their agreement was signed on June 29, 1977 in the Argentine Museum of Natural History. From the very start they worked with the intention of slowly reaching tangible results, with scientific backing. It required the management to be overseen by the scientific sector which was achieved by the creation of a committee of specialists who helped to choose programs and evaluate results. In 1988 Vida Silvestre became the official representative of WWF in Argentina. Management is divided in two parts. The administrative council, currently presided by Marina Harteneck. It

neg: Scientific management days. Congressional investigations followed, resulting in a ban on the use of time studies and pay premiums in Government service. Taylor's death in 1915 at age 59 left the movement without its original leader. In management literature today, the term "scientific management" mostly refers to the work of Taylor and his disciples ("classical", implying "no longer current, but still respected for its seminal value") in contrast to newer, improved iterations of efficiency-seeking methods. Today, task-oriented optimization of work tasks is nearly ubiquitous in industry. Flourishing in the late 19th and early 20th century, scientific management built on earlier pursuits of

neg: Thucydides Thucydides Thucydides (; "" ; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His "History of the Peloponnesian War" recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the deities, as outlined in his introduction to his work. He also has been called the father of the school of political realism, which views the political behavior of individuals and the subsequent

neg: IET Faraday Medal IET Faraday Medal The Faraday Medal is the top medal awarded by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (previously called the Institution of Electrical Engineers). It is part of the IET Achievement Medals collection of awards. The medal is named after the famous Michael Faraday FRS, the father of electromagnetism. Faraday is widely recognized as a top scientist, engineer, chemist, and inventor. His electromagnetic induction principles have been widely used in electric motors and generators today. The medal is awarded annually to distinguished individuals who either for notable scientific or industrial achievement in engineering or for conspicuous service rendered

neg: William Lowthian Green William Lowthian Green William Lowthian Green (13 September 1819 – 7 December 1890) was an English adventurer and merchant who later became cabinet minister in the Kingdom of Hawaii. As an amateur geologist, he published a theory of the formation of the earth called the tetrahedral hypothesis. William Lowthian Green was born in Doughty Street in London on 13 September 1819. His mother, Mary Childs, was from the Lothian region of Scotland. His father, Joseph Green, was apprenticed to an early scientific instrument maker, Jesse Ramsden, and then started a successful merchandise business in northern England. His father was a