query: a special type of software that is used to hide malware bots and worms

pos: Malware this concealment, by modifying the host's operating system so that the malware is hidden from the user. Rootkits can prevent a harmful process from being visible in the system's list of processes, or keep its files from being read. Some types of harmful software contain routines to evade identification and/or removal attempts, not merely to hide themselves. An early example of this behavior is recorded in the Jargon File tale of a pair of programs infesting a Xerox CP-V time sharing system: A backdoor is a method of bypassing normal authentication procedures, usually over a connection to a network such

pos: Cybercrime countermeasures and a 62% increase in security breaches. A number of countermeasures exist that can be effectively implemented in order to combat cyber-crime and increase security. Malicious code is a broad category that encompasses a number of threats to cyber-security. In essence it is any “hardware, software, or firmware that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose.” Commonly referred to as malware it includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, keyloggers, BOTs, Rootkits, and any software security exploits. Malicious code also includes spyware, which are deceptive programs, installed without authorization, “that monitor a consumer’s activities without their

pos: Antivirus software Antivirus software Antivirus software, or anti-virus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware. Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other kinds of malware, antivirus software started to provide protection from other computer threats. In particular, modern antivirus software can protect from: malicious browser helper objects (BHOs), browser hijackers, ransomware, keyloggers, backdoors, rootkits, trojan horses, worms, malicious LSPs, dialers, fraudtools, adware and spyware. Some products also include protection from other computer threats, such as infected

pos: Computer virus though no currently existing antivirus software was able to uncover all computer viruses (especially new ones), computer security researchers are actively searching for new ways to enable antivirus solutions to more effectively detect emerging viruses, before they have already become widely distributed. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware. "Malware" encompasses computer viruses along with many other forms of malicious software, such as computer "worms", ransomware, spyware, adware, trojan horses, keyloggers, rootkits, bootkits, malicious Browser Helper Object (BHOs), and other malicious software. The majority of active malware threats are actually trojan

pos: Task Manager (Windows) Manager has been overhauled and the following changes were made: Task Manager is a common target of computer viruses and other forms of malware; typically malware will close the Task Manager as soon as it is started, so as to hide itself from users. Variants of the Zotob and Spybot worms have used this technique, for example. Using Group Policy, it is possible to disable the Task Manager. Many types of malware also enable this policy setting in the registry. Rootkits can prevent themselves from getting listed in the Task Manager, thereby preventing their detection and termination using it. Task

pos: SUPERAntiSpyware SUPERAntiSpyware SUPERAntiSpyware is a software application which can detect and remove spyware, adware, trojan horses, rogue security software, computer worms, rootkits, parasites and other potentially harmful software applications. Although it can detect various types of malware, SUPERAntiSpyware is not designed to replace antivirus software. SUPERAntiSpyware's virus definitions are updated several times a week and generally receive a build update once a month. The company claims that it is specifically designed to be compatible with other security applications, such as Kaspersky, and can, therefore, be used even when those other applications are incompatible with other anti-spyware products. The product is available

pos: SUPERAntiSpyware and industry leader Nick Skrepetos, joined the acquirer SUPERAntiSpyware SUPERAntiSpyware is a software application which can detect and remove spyware, adware, trojan horses, rogue security software, computer worms, rootkits, parasites and other potentially harmful software applications. Although it can detect various types of malware, SUPERAntiSpyware is not designed to replace antivirus software. SUPERAntiSpyware's virus definitions are updated several times a week and generally receive a build update once a month. The company claims that it is specifically designed to be compatible with other security applications, such as Kaspersky, and can, therefore, be used even when those other applications are incompatible

pos: SpyHunter (software) SpyHunter (software) SpyHunter is an anti-spyware computer program for the Microsoft Windows (Windows XP and later) operating system. It is designed to remove malware, such as trojan horses, computer worms, rootkits, and other malicious software. SpyHunter is currently at version 4, and receives daily definition updates. SpyHunter has a free version, which allows the user to scan their computer. Purchase is required to remove found malware. In the paid version, the user is able to receive support from a built-in HelpDesk. In February 2016, Enigma Software filed a lawsuit against Bleeping Computer, a computer support website. It alleged that the

pos: SpyHunter (software) dismissed by the US District Court. SpyHunter (software) SpyHunter is an anti-spyware computer program for the Microsoft Windows (Windows XP and later) operating system. It is designed to remove malware, such as trojan horses, computer worms, rootkits, and other malicious software. SpyHunter is currently at version 4, and receives daily definition updates. SpyHunter has a free version, which allows the user to scan their computer. Purchase is required to remove found malware. In the paid version, the user is able to receive support from a built-in HelpDesk. In February 2016, Enigma Software filed a lawsuit against Bleeping Computer, a computer

pos: Lavasoft flagship Adaware antivirus product. In 2011, Lavasoft was acquired by the Solaria Fund, a private equity fund front for entrepreneurs Daniel Assouline and Michael Dadoun, who have been accused of selling software that is available for free, including Adaware antivirus prior to acquiring the company itself. An anti-spyware and anti-virus software program, Adaware Antivirus, according to its developer, detects and removes malware, spyware and adware, computer viruses, dialers, Trojans, bots, rootkits, data miners, parasites, browser hijackers and tracking components. Adaware antivirus was originally developed, as Ad-Aware, in 1999 to highlight web beacons inside of Internet Explorer. On many websites, users

pos: Organized crime sabotage. According to Clarke, the civilian realm is also at risk, noting that the security breaches have already gone beyond stolen credit card numbers, and that potential targets can also include the electric power grid, trains, or the stock market. The term "computer virus" may be used as an overarching phrase to include all types of true viruses, malware, including computer worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware and other malicious and unwanted software (though all are technically unique), and proves to be quite financially lucrative for criminal organizations, offering greater opportunities for fraud and extortion whilst increasing security,

pos: Malware this concealment, by modifying the host's operating system so that the malware is hidden from the user. Rootkits can prevent a harmful process from being visible in the system's list of processes, or keep its files from being read. Some types of harmful software contain routines to evade identification and/or removal attempts, not merely to hide themselves. An early example of this behavior is recorded in the Jargon File tale of a pair of programs infesting a Xerox CP-V time sharing system: A backdoor is a method of bypassing normal authentication procedures, usually over a connection to a network such

pos: Rootkit be used for this purpose, allowing the system to be "cleaned". Even if the type and nature of a rootkit is known, manual repair may be impractical, while re-installing the operating system and applications is safer, simpler and quicker. Like much malware used by attackers, many rootkit implementations are shared and are easily available on the Internet. It is not uncommon to see a compromised system in which a sophisticated, publicly available rootkit hides the presence of unsophisticated worms or attack tools apparently written by inexperienced programmers. Most of the rootkits available on the Internet originated as exploits or as

pos: Malware are not easily detectable by themselves, computers may appear to run slower due to heavy processor or network usage. Unlike computer viruses and worms, Trojan horses generally do not attempt to inject themselves into other files or otherwise propagate themselves. In spring 2017 Mac users were hit by the new version of Proton Remote Access Trojan (RAT) trained to extract password data from various sources, such as browser auto-fill data, the Mac-OS keychain, and password vaults. Once malicious software is installed on a system, it is essential that it stays concealed, to avoid detection. Software packages known as "rootkits" allow

neg: Linux Spike Trojan malware Linux Spike Trojan malware Linux Spike Trojan malware, more widely known as MrBlack, is a type of malware that infects routers, and eventually spreads to other routers. Incapsula, an internet security firm, first saw this malware in December 2014. This tool is prone to attack devices that still use the default credentials. A "bot" is a type of malware that allows an attacker to take control over an affected computer. Also known as "Web robots," bots are usually part of a network of infected machines, known as a "botnet," which is typically made up of victim machines that stretch across

neg: Kronos (malware) Kronos (malware) Kronos was a type of banking malware first reported in 2014. It was sold for $7,000. As of September 2015, a renew version was reconnecting with infected bots and sending them a brand new configuration file against UK banks and one bank in India. Similar to Zeus it was focused on stealing banking login credentials from browser sessions. In August 2017, British security researcher Marcus Hutchins (aka 'Malwaretech'), previously notable for his involvement stopping the May 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack, was arrested by the FBI whilst visiting the United States. He was alleged to have created the software

neg: Malware Malware Malware (a portmanteau for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. Malware does the damage after it is implanted or introduced in some way into a target's computer and can take the form of executable code, scripts, active content, and other software. The code is described as computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, and scareware, among other terms. Malware has a malicious intent, acting against the interest of the computer user—and so does not include software that causes unintentional harm due to some deficiency, which is

neg: Vba32 AntiVirus Vba32 AntiVirus VBA32 (Virus Block Ada 32) is antivirus software from the vendor VirusBlokAda for personal computers running Microsoft Windows. It detects and neutralizes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses and other malware (backdoors, adware, spyware, etc.) in real time and on demand. VBA32 is used as one of the antivirus engines at VirusTotal. "VirusBlokAda" is an antivirus software vendor established in 1997 in Belarus. In 2010 it discovered Stuxnet, the first malware that attacks supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. In 2009 Judit Papp assessed that its VBA32 Antivirus product could detect 26 percent of unknown malware, compared

neg: Lavasoft controversy. Additionally, Danchev has reported in 2013 that Lavasoft was used to hide hard-to-uninstall programs into third-party software to trick the users in installing them, like in the K-Lite Codec Pack, and the Lavasoft Web Companion changed your browser without given permission. Although the company shields itself behind the complete legality of bundled software and claims that their software is only used to fight malware, there are users who have branded their products as malware. In February 2015, it was reported by CERT Coordination Center, that a new security feature in Ad-Aware Web Companion was implemented with Komodia SSL Digestor,

neg: Botnet But attacks are constantly evolving, so this may not be a viable option when patterns can't be discerned from thousands of requests. There's also the behavioral approach to thwarting bots, which ultimately is trying distinguish bots from humans. By identifying non-human behavior and recognizing known bot behavior, this process can be applied at the user, browser, and network levels. The most capable method of using software to combat against a virus has been to utilize Honeypot software in order to convince the malware that a system is vulnerable. The malicious files are then analyzed using forensic software. On July 15,

neg: Malware The best-known types of malware, viruses and worms, are known for the manner in which they spread, rather than any specific types of behavior. A computer virus is software that embeds itself in some other executable software (including the operating system itself) on the target system without the user's knowledge and consent and when it is run, the virus is spread to other executables. On the other hand, a "worm" is a stand-alone malware software that "actively" transmits itself over a network to infect other computers. These definitions lead to the observation that a virus requires the user to run

neg: Vba32 AntiVirus to 67 percent detected by Avira's Antivir Premium and 8 percent detected by MicroWorld's eScan Anti-Virus. Vba32 AntiVirus VBA32 (Virus Block Ada 32) is antivirus software from the vendor VirusBlokAda for personal computers running Microsoft Windows. It detects and neutralizes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses and other malware (backdoors, adware, spyware, etc.) in real time and on demand. VBA32 is used as one of the antivirus engines at VirusTotal. "VirusBlokAda" is an antivirus software vendor established in 1997 in Belarus. In 2010 it discovered Stuxnet, the first malware that attacks supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. In 2009

neg: Computer worm started to send out too many scans, it was a sign that it has been infected, which allowed administrators to take it off line and check it for malware. In addition, machine learning techniques can be used to detect new worms, by analyzing the behavior of the suspected computer. Users can minimize the threat posed by worms by keeping their computers' operating system and other software up to date, avoiding opening unrecognized or unexpected emails and running firewall and antivirus software. Mitigation techniques include: Beginning with the very first research into worms at Xerox PARC, there have been attempts to

neg: USB flash drive program and gain full control over the computer. Encrypting files provides considerable protection against this type of attack. USB flash drives may also be used deliberately or unwittingly to transfer malware and autorun worms onto a network. Some organizations forbid the use of flash drives, and some computers are configured to disable the mounting of USB mass storage devices by users other than administrators; others use third-party software to control USB usage. The use of software allows the administrator to not only provide a USB lock but also control the use of CD-RW, SD cards and other memory devices. This

neg: Point-of-sale malware Point-of-sale malware Point-of-sale malware (POS malware) is usually a type of malicious software (malware) that is used by cybercriminals to target point of sale (POS) and payment terminals with the intent to obtain credit card and debit card information, a card's track 1 or track 2 data and even the CVV code, by various man-in-the-middle attacks, that is the interception of the processing at the retail checkout point of sale system. The simplest, or most evasive, approach is RAM-scraping, accessing the system's memory and exporting the copied information via a remote access trojan (RAT) as this minimizes any software or

neg: Norton AntiBot as bots, which hackers usually control for malicious purposes. Two main uses of botnets include identity theft and e-mail spam. Kim cited a 29 percent increase of bots from the first half of 2006 to the second half. In all, there were six million active bots by the end of 2006. On 7 June 2007, Symantec released a beta version of Norton AntiBot. AntiBot was designed to supplement a user's existing antivirus software. Unlike traditional antivirus software, AntiBot does not use signatures to identify malware. Instead, it monitors running applications for damaging or malicious behavior, licensing technology from Sana Security.

neg: MacOS malware MacOS malware macOS malware includes viruses, trojan horses, worms and other types of malware that affect macOS, Apple's current operating system for Macintosh computers. macOS (previously Mac OS X and OS X) rarely suffers malware or virus attacks, and has been considered less vulnerable than Windows. There is a frequent release of system software updates to resolve vulnerabilities. Utilities are also available to find and remove malware. Early examples of macOS malware include Leap (discovered in 2006, also known as Oompa-Loompa) and RSPlug (discovered in 2007). An application called MacSweeper (2009) misled users about malware threats in order to take

neg: Kraken botnet Kraken botnet. Kraken botnet The Kraken botnet was the world's largest botnet . Researchers say that Kraken infected machines in at least 50 of the Fortune 500 companies and grew to over 400,000 bots. It was estimated to send 9 billion spam messages per day. Kraken botnet malware may have been designed to evade anti-virus software, and employed techniques to stymie conventional anti-virus software. In April 2008, Damballa released instructions for removing Kraken malware from computers and a list of IPs that are part of the Kraken botnet. The list shows that on April 13, 2008, there were 495,000 computers

neg: Kraken botnet Kraken botnet The Kraken botnet was the world's largest botnet . Researchers say that Kraken infected machines in at least 50 of the Fortune 500 companies and grew to over 400,000 bots. It was estimated to send 9 billion spam messages per day. Kraken botnet malware may have been designed to evade anti-virus software, and employed techniques to stymie conventional anti-virus software. In April 2008, Damballa released instructions for removing Kraken malware from computers and a list of IPs that are part of the Kraken botnet. The list shows that on April 13, 2008, there were 495,000 computers in the

neg: Video game bot unique waypoint file for each map, if they are to function. For example, "Quake III Arena" bots use an area awareness system file to move around the map, while "Counter-Strike" bots use a waypoint file. Dynamic bots, dynamically learn the levels and maps as they play. RealBot, for "Counter-Strike", is an example. Some bots are designed using both static and dynamic features. Video game bot In video games, a bot is a type of AI expert system software that plays a video game in the place of a human. Bots are used in a variety of video game genres for

neg: Mirai (malware) Mirai (malware) Mirai () is a malware that turns networked devices running Linux into remotely controlled "bots" that can be used as part of a botnet in large-scale network attacks. It primarily targets online consumer devices such as IP cameras and home routers. The Mirai botnet was first found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, a whitehat malware research group, and has been used in some of the largest and most disruptive distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including an attack on 20 September 2016 on computer security journalist Brian Krebs' web site, an attack on French web host OVH, and

neg: Content-control software coverage, so most companies deploy a mix of technologies to achieve the proper content control inline with their policies. Internet service providers (ISPs) that block material containing pornography, or controversial religious, political, or news-related content en route are often utilized by parents who do not permit their children to access content not conforming to their personal beliefs. Content filtering software can, however, also be used to block malware and other content that is or contains hostile, intrusive, or annoying material including adware, spam, computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware. Most content control software is marketed to organizations or parents.

neg: Mobile security resides. Trojans, worms and viruses are all considered malware. A Trojan is a program that is on the smartphone and allows external users to connect discreetly. A worm is a program that reproduces on multiple computers across a network. A virus is malicious software designed to spread to other computers by inserting itself into legitimate programs and running programs in parallel. However, it must be said that the malware are far less numerous and important to smartphones as they are to computers. Nonetheless, recent studies show that the evolution of malware in smartphones have rocketed in the last few years

neg: Stegomalware Stegomalware Stegomalware is a type of malware that uses steganography to hinder detection. Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, video or network traffic. This type of malware operates by building a steganographic system to hide malicious data within its resources and then extracts and executes them dynamically. It is considered one of the most sophisticated and stealthy ways of obfuscation. The term of `stegomalware' was introduced by researchers in the context of mobile malware and presented at Inscrypt conference in 2014. However, the fact that (mobile) malware could potentially

neg: Linux malware Linux malware Linux malware includes viruses, trojans, worms and other types of malware that affect the Linux operating system. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating systems are generally regarded as very well-protected against, but not immune to, computer viruses. As of 2018 there had not yet been a single widespread Linux virus or malware infection of the type that is common on Microsoft Windows; this is attributable generally to the malware's lack of root access and fast updates to most Linux vulnerabilities. Like Unix systems, Linux implements a multi-user environment where users are granted specific privileges and there is

neg: Linux malware and make this additional component run any time the user logs in. No special malware writing skills are needed for this. Special skill may be needed for tricking the user to run the (trojan) program in the first place. The use of software repositories significantly reduces any threat of installation of malware, as the software repositories are checked by maintainers, who try to ensure that their repository is malware-free. Subsequently, to ensure safe distribution of the software, checksums are made available. These make it possible to reveal modified versions that may have been introduced by e.g. hijacking of communications using

neg: Cyberattack (by the original designer) result but useful for the attacker. Software used to for logical attacks on computers is called malware. The following is a partial short list of attacks: In detail, there are a number of techniques to utilize in cyber-attacks and a variety of ways to administer them to individuals or establishments on a broader scale. Attacks are broken down into two categories: syntactic attacks and semantic attacks. Syntactic attacks are straightforward; it is considered malicious software which includes viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. A virus is a self-replicating program that can attach itself to another program or

neg: Fileless malware Fileless malware Fileless malware is a variant of computer related malicious software that exists exclusively as a computer memory-based artifact i.e. in RAM. It does not write any part of its activity to the computer's hard drive meaning that it's very resistant to existing Anti-computer forensic strategies that incorporate file-based whitelisting, signature detection, hardware verification, pattern-analysis, time-stamping, etc., and leaves very little by way of evidence that could be used by digital forensic investigators to identify illegitimate activity. As malware of this type is designed to work in-memory, its longevity on the system exists only until the system is rebooted.

neg: Finjan patents in the areas of behavior-based security and digital rights management. Finjan's portfolio includes processes that enable networks to execute security plans that counteract the effects of polymorphic code designed to hide malware. Finjan Finjan Holdings (Finjan) is a publicly traded company on NASDAQ (FNJN) which owns the patented technology used in many enterprise web security solutions, including real-time and behavior-based malware prevention. The original hardware and software divisions of Finjan were acquired by M86 Security in 2009. Finjan continues to hold patents for various Web security technologies and licenses these patents to Trustwave (formerly M86) among others. Finjan's commitment

neg: Trojan horse (computing) "state trojan" nicknamed R2D2. German govware works by exploiting security gaps unknown to the general public and accessing smartphone data before it becomes encrypted via other applications. Due to the popularity of botnets among hackers and the availability of advertising services that permit authors to violate their users' privacy, Trojans are becoming more common. According to a survey conducted by BitDefender from January to June 2009, "Trojan-type malware is on the rise, accounting for 83-percent of the global malware detected in the world." Trojans have a relationship with worms, as they spread with the help given by worms and travel

neg: Linux malware been only a few widespread worms of this kind. As specific targets can be attacked through a vulnerability that is not publicly known there is no guarantee that a certain installation is secure. Also servers without such vulnerabilities can be successfully attacked through weak passwords. Linux servers may also be used by malware without any attack against the system itself, where e.g. web content and scripts are insufficiently restricted or checked and used by malware to attack visitors. Some attacks use complicated malware to attack Linux servers, but when most get full root access then hackers are able to attack

neg: Polymorphic code patterns that correspond to known computer viruses or worms, it takes appropriate steps to neutralize the threat. Polymorphic algorithms make it difficult for such software to recognize the offending code because it constantly mutates. Malicious programmers have sought to protect their encrypted code from this virus-scanning strategy by rewriting the unencrypted decryption engine (and the resulting encrypted payload) each time the virus or worm is propagated. Anti-virus software uses sophisticated pattern analysis to find underlying patterns within the different mutations of the decryption engine, in hopes of reliably detecting such malware. Emulation may be used to defeat polymorphic obfuscation by

neg: Open proxy of proxy software running on the computer, or from infection with malware (viruses, trojans or worms) designed for this purpose. If it is caused by malware, the infected computer is known as a zombie computer. Because open proxies are often implicated in abuse, a number of methods have been developed to detect them and to refuse service to them. IRC networks with strict usage policies automatically test client systems for known types of open proxies. Likewise, a mail server may be configured to automatically test mail senders for open proxies, using software such as codice_1. Groups of IRC and electronic

neg: July 2009 cyberattacks was ever activated. Security experts said that the attack re-used code from the Mydoom worm to spread infections between computers.Experts further shared that the malware used in the attack "used no sophisticated techniques to evade detection by anti-virus software and doesn't appear to have been written by someone experienced in coding malware." It was expected that the economic costs associated with websites being down would be large, as the disruption had prevented people from carrying out transactions, purchasing items or conducting business. It is not known who is behind the attacks. Reports indicate that the type of attacks being used,

neg: Kronos (malware) in 2014, and to have sold it in 2015 via the AlphaBay forums. Kronos (malware) Kronos was a type of banking malware first reported in 2014. It was sold for $7,000. As of September 2015, a renew version was reconnecting with infected bots and sending them a brand new configuration file against UK banks and one bank in India. Similar to Zeus it was focused on stealing banking login credentials from browser sessions. In August 2017, British security researcher Marcus Hutchins (aka 'Malwaretech'), previously notable for his involvement stopping the May 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack, was arrested by the FBI

neg: Video game bot Video game bot In video games, a bot is a type of AI expert system software that plays a video game in the place of a human. Bots are used in a variety of video game genres for a variety of tasks: a bot written for a first-person shooter (FPS) works very differently from one written for a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). The former may include analysis of the map and even basic strategy; the latter may be used to automate a repetitive and tedious task like farming. Bots written for first-person shooters usually try to mimic how

neg: Privacy software is hiding or deleting the users Internet traces that are left on their PC after they have been surfing the Internet. There is software that will erase all the users Internet traces and there is software that will hide and encrypt a user's traces so that others using their PC will not know where they have been surfing. One solution to enhance privacy software is whitelisting. Whitelisting is a process in which a company identifies the software that it will allow to and does not try to recognize malware. Whitelisting permits acceptable software to run and either prevents anything else

neg: Blended threat antennas into weapons that operate, essentially, like microwave ovens." Blended threat A blended threat (also known as a blended attack) is a software exploit which in turn involves a combination of attacks against different vulnerabilities. For example, many worm, a trojan horse and a computer virus exploit multiple techniques to attack and propagate. It is a kind of computer threat. Blended Threats are combination of worms, trojan, virus, and other kinds of malware. In more recent years, as cyberattacks have demonstrated increased ability to impact physical systems, such as Stuxnet and Triton / Trisis malware, or the 2017 ransomware outbreaks,

neg: Remaiten of a device to download the architecture-appropriate component from the command & control server. Once Remaiten infects a device it is able to perform actions such as launching distributed denial of service attacks or download more malware on a device. Remaiten is able to scan and remove competing bots on a system compromised by it. Remaiten Remaiten is malware which infects Linux on embedded systems by brute forcing using frequently used default username and passwords combinations from a list in order to infect a system. Remaiten combines the features of the Tsunami and LizardStresser (aka Torlus) malware families. The command

neg: Internet privacy cookies in question, it recreates them using each mechanism available. Evercookies are one type of zombie cookie. However, modern browsers and anti-malware software can now block or detect and remove such cookies. Some anti-fraud companies have realized the potential of evercookies to protect against and catch cyber criminals. These companies already hide small files in several places on the perpetrator's computer but hackers can usually easily get rid of these. The advantage to evercookies is that they resist deletion and can rebuild themselves. There is controversy over where the line should be drawn on the use of this technology. Cookies

neg: Polymorphic engine scanners and other security software to detect and identify the body of the malware as traditional "fixed signatures" cannot usually be used. The first polymorphic engine was called MtE (short for "Mutation Engine"). It was written in 1992 by a virus author who called himself 'Dark Avenger'. A polymorphic packer is a type of polymorphic engine. A polymorphic packer is a software tool, which rolls up several kinds of malware into a single package, such as an e-mail attachment, and has the ability to make its "signature" mutate over time, so it is more difficult to detect and remove. Polymorphic

neg: Careto (malware) victims were infected with the malware by clicking on a spear phishing link which redirected to websites that had software that Careto could exploit, such as Adobe Flash Player. The player has since been patched and is no longer exploitable by Careto. The websites that contained the exploitable software had names similar to popular newspapers, such as "The Washington Post" and "The Independent". The malware is said to have multiple backdoors to Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. Evidence of a possible fourth type of backdoor to Android and IOS was discovered on the C&C servers, but no samples were

neg: Trusteer mitigate malware, phishing and account takeover attacks without installing any software on endpoint devices. It allows companies concerned about online fraud or data theft to scan their Web traffic to ensure that an outside laptop or desktop that is brought into a corporate network is not infected with malware before allowing the visitor access to their Web services. Trusteer Pinpoint combines device fingerprinting, proxy detection and malware infection detection. When a user infected with malware accesses an online banking site protected by Trusteer Pinpoint Malware Detection, it identifies the infection and malware type (e.g. “User Steve is infected with Prinimalka-Gozi”),

neg: Logic bomb Logic bomb A logic bomb is a piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. For example, a programmer may hide a piece of code that starts deleting files (such as a salary database trigger), should they ever be terminated from the company. Software that is inherently malicious, such as viruses and worms, often contain logic bombs that execute a certain payload at a pre-defined time or when some other condition is met. This technique can be used by a virus or worm to gain momentum and

neg: Anti-tamper software the effects of tampering and code changes throughout their lifecycle from development and deployment to operation and maintenance. Anti-tamper protection can be applied as either internally or externally to the application being protected. External anti-tampering is normally accomplished by monitoring the software to detect tampering. This type of defense is commonly expressed as malware scanners and anti-virus applications. Internal anti-tampering is used to turn an application into its own security system and is generally done with specific code within the software that will detect tampering as it happens. This type of tamper proofing defense may take the form of runtime

neg: AutoHotkey major plugins enable support for: When AutoHotkey is used to make self-contained software for distribution, that software must include the part of AutoHotkey itself that understands and executes AutoHotkey scripts, as it is an interpreted language. Inevitably, some malware has been written using AutoHotkey. When anti-malware products attempt to earmark items of malware that have been programmed using AutoHotkey, they sometimes falsely identify AutoHotkey as the culprit rather than the actual malware. AutoHotkey AutoHotkey is a free, open-source custom scripting language for Microsoft Windows, initially aimed at providing easy keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys, fast macro-creation and software automation that allows

neg: Executable compression software distributors to stay within the constraints of their chosen distribution media (such as CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or Floppy disk), or to reduce the time and bandwidth customers require to access software distributed via the Internet. Executable compression is also frequently used to deter reverse engineering or to obfuscate the contents of the executable (for example, to hide the presence of malware from antivirus scanners) by proprietary methods of compression and/or added encryption. Executable compression can be used to prevent direct disassembly, mask string literals and modify signatures. Although this does not eliminate the chance of reverse engineering, it can make

neg: Slenfbot read only, hidden and system to hide the contents in Windows Explorer. The worm then makes changes to the registry to maintain persistence so that the malware executes a duplicate copy on each subsequent startup of the system (e.g. copying the malicious executable to the HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run subkey). Several variants may modify the registry during installation to add the malware to the list of applications that are authorized to access the Internet; thus, allowing the malware to communicate without raising Windows security alerts and run unimpeded by the Windows Firewall. In some cases, variants may instead modify the registry to install

neg: Dorkbot (malware) Dorkbot (malware) Dorkbot is a family of malware worms that spreads through instant messaging, USB drives, websites or social media channels like Facebook. Dorkbot’s backdoor functionality allows a remote attacker to exploit infected system. According to an analysis by Microsoft, a remote attacker may be able to: A system infected with Dorkbot may be used to send spam, participate in DDoS attacks, or harvest users' credentials for online services, including banking services. Between May and December 2015, the Microsoft Malware Protection Center detected Dorkbot on an average of 100,000 infected machines each month. On December 7th, 2015 the FBI and

neg: Anti-keylogger Anti-keylogger An anti-keylogger (or anti–keystroke logger) is a type of software specifically designed for the detection of keystroke logger software; often, such software will also incorporate the ability to delete or at least immobilize hidden keystroke logger software on a computer. In comparison to most anti-virus or anti-spyware software, the primary difference is that an anti-keylogger does not make a distinction between a "legitimate" keystroke-logging program and an "illegitimate" keystroke-logging program (such as malware); all keystroke-logging programs are flagged and optionally removed, whether they appear to be legitimate keystroke-logging software or not. Keyloggers are sometimes part of malware packages downloaded

neg: Computer worm worms as malware. Several worms, like XSS worms, have been written to research how worms spread. For example, the effects of changes in social activity or user behavior. One study proposed what seems to be the first computer worm that operates on the second layer of the OSI model (Data link Layer), it utilizes topology information such as Content-addressable memory (CAM) tables and Spanning Tree information stored in switches to propagate and probe for vulnerable nodes until the enterprise network is covered. Computer worm A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread

neg: Ewido Networks Ewido Networks Ewido Networks was a software company based in Germany known for creating Ewido Anti-Spyware. Ewido Anti-Spyware was software used to remove malware such as spyware, trojan horses, adware, dialers, and worms. It also featured real-time protection, automatic updates, and other privacy features. Ewido had both a free version, and a paid version which added realtime protection, and automatic updates. Ewido networks was founded in Germany in 2004 by Andreas Rudyk, Peter Klapprodt and Tobias Graf. Their first product was Ewido Security Suite. Ewido was given Digital River's ICE award for "Best newcomer of the year". On April 19,

neg: Mobile malware Mobile malware Mobile malware is malicious software that targets mobile phones or wireless-enabled Personal digital assistants (PDA), by causing the collapse of the system and loss or leakage of confidential information. As wireless phones and PDA networks have become more and more common and have grown in complexity, it has become increasingly difficult to ensure their safety and security against electronic attacks in the form of viruses or other malware. Cell phone malware were initially demonstrated by Brazilian software engineer Marcos Velasco. He created a virus that could be used by anyone in order to educate the public of the

neg: Blended threat Blended threat A blended threat (also known as a blended attack) is a software exploit which in turn involves a combination of attacks against different vulnerabilities. For example, many worm, a trojan horse and a computer virus exploit multiple techniques to attack and propagate. It is a kind of computer threat. Blended Threats are combination of worms, trojan, virus, and other kinds of malware. In more recent years, as cyberattacks have demonstrated increased ability to impact physical systems, such as Stuxnet and Triton / Trisis malware, or the 2017 ransomware outbreaks, such as WannaCry, and further recognizing the threats to

neg: Malware an infected software or operating system for the virus to spread, whereas a worm spreads itself. These categories are not mutually exclusive, so malware may use multiple techniques. This section only applies to malware designed to operate undetected, not sabotage and ransomware. A computer virus is software usually hidden within another seemingly innocuous program that can produce copies of itself and insert them into other programs or files, and that usually performs a harmful action (such as destroying data). An example of this is a PE infection, a technique, usually used to spread malware, that inserts extra data or executable

neg: Fictional depictions of worms the Tees valley before being repulsed. The notion of the Sockburn worm itself was used by Lewis Carroll as the basis of his nonsense rhyme "Jabberwocky". Fictional depictions of worms Worms have played major roles in world mythology and its associated literatures. The word was often used to describe creatures now classified as caterpillars, millipedes, snakes, maggots, and lizards, along with dragons. Its symbolic meaning is divided between death and renewal. Worms continue to play mixed roles in modern cultures. The current usage of "worm" as a type of malicious Internet software is derived from a 1975 science fiction novel,

neg: Malware analysis Malware analysis Malware analysis is the study or process of determining the functionality, origin and potential impact of a given malware sample such as a virus, worm, trojan horse, rootkit, or backdoor. Malware or malicious software is any computer software intended to harm the host operating system or to steal sensitive data from users, organizations or companies. Malware may include software that gathers user information without permission. There are three typical use cases that drive the need for malware analysis: The method by which malware analysis is performed typically falls under one of two types: Examining malicious software involves several

neg: Malware research needed to recover the IV and SK. This result was the first to show that computational complexity theory can be used to devise malware that is robust against reverse-engineering. A growing area of computer virus research is to mathematically model the infection behavior of worms using models such as Lotka–Volterra equations, which has been applied in the study of biological virus. Various virus propagation scenarios have been studied by researchers such as propagation of computer virus, fighting virus with virus like predator codes, effectiveness of patching etc. Behavioral malware detection has been researched more recently. Most approaches to behavioral detection

neg: Duqu 2.0 Duqu 2.0 Duqu 2.0 is a version of malware reported in 2015 to have infected computers in hotels of Austria and Switzerland that were sites of the international negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program and economic sanctions. The malware, which infected Kaspersky Lab for months without their knowledge, is believed to be the work of Unit 8200. Kaspersky discovered the malware, and Symantec confirmed those findings. The malware is a variant of Duqu, and Duqu is a variant of Stuxnet. The software is "linked to Israel", according to "The Guardian". The software used three zero-day exploits, and would have

neg: Flame (malware) EXECUTE permissions that make them inaccessible by user-mode applications. The internal code has few similarities with other malware, but exploits two of the same security vulnerabilities used previously by Stuxnet to infect systems. The malware determines what antivirus software is installed, then customises its own behaviour (for example, by changing the filename extensions it uses) to reduce the probability of detection by that software. Additional indicators of compromise include mutex and registry activity, such as installation of a fake audio driver which the malware uses to maintain persistence on the compromised system. Flame is not designed to deactivate automatically, but

neg: Rogue security software of all malware delivered via internet advertising. Cold-calling has also become a vector for distribution of this type of malware, with callers often claiming to be from "Microsoft Support" or another legitimate organization. Black Hat search engine optimization (SEO) is a technique used to trick search engines into displaying malicious URLs in search results. The malicious webpages are filled with popular keywords in order to achieve a higher ranking in the search results. When the end user searches the web, one of these infected webpages is returned. Usually the most popular keywords from services such as Google Trends are used

neg: Extended Copy Protection First 4 Internet. Specifically, the software has been found to conceal its activity in the manner of a rootkit and expose users to follow-on harm from viruses and trojans. XCP's cloaking technique, which makes all processes with names starting with codice_1 invisible, can be used by other malware "piggybacking" on it to ensure that it, too, is hidden from the user's view. The first malicious trojan to hide via XCP was discovered on 10 November 2005 according to a report by the BitDefender antivirus company. Follow-up research by Felten and Halderman showed that the Web-based uninstaller Sony later offered for

neg: Remaiten Remaiten Remaiten is malware which infects Linux on embedded systems by brute forcing using frequently used default username and passwords combinations from a list in order to infect a system. Remaiten combines the features of the Tsunami and LizardStresser (aka Torlus) malware families. The command and control for Remaiten are handled by IRC communications. Additionally the command and control is done by an actual IRC channel rather than only the IRC protocol. This is an improvement over bots such as Tsunami and Torlus making Remaiten a greater threat than both combined. To avoid detection, Remaiten tries to determine the platform

neg: Dorkbot (malware) Microsoft in a joint task force took down the Dorkbot Botnet. In 2015, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security advised the following action to remediate Dorkbot infections: Dorkbot (malware) Dorkbot is a family of malware worms that spreads through instant messaging, USB drives, websites or social media channels like Facebook. Dorkbot’s backdoor functionality allows a remote attacker to exploit infected system. According to an analysis by Microsoft, a remote attacker may be able to: A system infected with Dorkbot may be used to send spam, participate in DDoS attacks, or harvest users' credentials for online services, including banking services. Between

neg: Dendroid (malware) Dendroid (malware) Dendroid is malware that affects Android OS and targets the mobile platform. It was first discovered in early of 2014 by Symantec and appeared in the underground for sale for $300. Certain features were noted as being used in Dendroid, such as the ability to hide from emulators at the time. When first discovered in 2014 it was one of the most sophisticated Android remote administration tools known at that time. It was one of the first Trojan applications to get past Google's Bouncer and caused researchers to warn about it being easier to create Android malware due

neg: ROT13 is typically supported as a built-in feature to newsreading software. Email addresses are also sometimes encoded with ROT13 to hide them from less sophisticated spam bots. It is also used to circumvent email screening and spam filtering. By obscuring an email's content, the screening algorithm is unable to identify the email as, for instance, a security risk, and allows it into the recipient's in-box. ROT13 is an example of the encryption algorithm known as a Caesar cipher, attributed to Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. In encrypted, normal, English-language text of any significant size, ROT13 is recognizable from some

neg: Bots!! 1 to 95, with the stipulation that the party host has completed the level before, or the level immediately before it. Each level gives different enemy viruses and obstacles, and every few levels fit a similar environment theme. Every level is segmented in to sections that must be cleared of enemies before proceeding. At the end of each level, a boss virus must be fought. Boss viruses are typically named after real-world malware such as Melissa (computer virus) or Code Red (computer worm), and have large special attacks. When a boss is successfully destroyed item crates may drop containing random

neg: Antivirus software major businesses lose $12 million annually dealing with virus incidents. A survey by Symantec in 2009 found that a third of small to medium-sized business did not use antivirus protection at that time, whereas more than 80% of home users had some kind of antivirus installed. According to a sociological survey conducted by G Data Software in 2010 49% of women did not use any antivirus program at all. Antivirus software Antivirus software, or anti-virus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware. Antivirus software was originally developed

neg: Nurech.b access to the registry is denied. You cannot eliminate it from the registry using registry cleaning software because it has a rootkit function that allows it to hide its key in the registry and also its processes thus making it virtually invisible. When users search Google for an antivirus software, terms such as virus, spyware, malware, etc. closes the browser. Nurech.b Nurech.B is a computer worm that infects computers through MSN Messenger. It inserts a link in the chat window while you are chatting with someone, thus making it look as if your friend sent it and thus exploiting that

neg: Fictional depictions of worms Fictional depictions of worms Worms have played major roles in world mythology and its associated literatures. The word was often used to describe creatures now classified as caterpillars, millipedes, snakes, maggots, and lizards, along with dragons. Its symbolic meaning is divided between death and renewal. Worms continue to play mixed roles in modern cultures. The current usage of "worm" as a type of malicious Internet software is derived from a 1975 science fiction novel, "Shockwave Rider". More positive interpretations, based on the concept of the friendly 'bookworm' or mutated forms of the common earthworm, are found in many recent books,

neg: Malware bank or credit card numbers, and passwords. Since the rise of widespread broadband Internet access, malicious software has more frequently been designed for profit. Since 2003, the majority of widespread viruses and worms have been designed to take control of users' computers for illicit purposes. Infected "zombie computers" can be used to send email spam, to host contraband data such as child pornography, or to engage in distributed denial-of-service attacks as a form of extortion. Programs designed to monitor users' web browsing, display unsolicited advertisements, or redirect affiliate marketing revenues are called spyware. Spyware programs do not spread like viruses;

neg: Malwarebytes (software) Malwarebytes (software) Malwarebytes (formerly Malwarebytes Anti-Malware, abbreviated as MBAM) is an anti-malware software for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS that finds and removes malware. Made by Malwarebytes Corporation, it was first released in January 2006. It is available in a free version, which scans for and removes malware when started manually, and a paid version, which additionally provides scheduled scans, real-time protection and a flash-memory scanner. Malwarebytes (formerly known as Malwarebytes Anti-malware) is primarily a scanner that scans and removes malicious software, including rogue security software, adware, and spyware. Malwarebytes scans in batch mode, rather than scanning all files

neg: Linux malware known Linux malware. However, few if any are in the wild, and most have been rendered obsolete by Linux updates or were never a threat. Known malware is not the only or even the most important threat: new malware or attacks directed to specific sites can use vulnerabilities previously unknown to the community or unused by malware. Linux malware Linux malware includes viruses, trojans, worms and other types of malware that affect the Linux operating system. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating systems are generally regarded as very well-protected against, but not immune to, computer viruses. As of 2018

neg: Antivirus software the only way to know of an attack is by turning to an online resource that is not installed on the infected computer. Virus removal tools are available to help remove stubborn infections or certain types of infection. Examples include "Avast Free Anti- Malware", "AVG Free Malware Removal Tools", and "Avira AntiVir Removal Tool".. It is also worth noting that sometimes antivirus software can produce a false positive result, indicating an infection where there is none. A rescue disk that is bootable, such as a CD or USB storage device, can be used to run antivirus software outside of the

neg: Fireball (software) in history. Table 1 The top countries that have been infected with the Fireball malware There is some dispute to these numbers according to Microsoft, it has been tracking the malware since 2015. Its results are based on the Fireball infections that have been cleaned by Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal Tool. Based on the collected data the total infections are 40 million. Check Point researchers used the number of visits to malware-carrying search pages not the device itself. To check if you’re infected, first open your web browser. 1. Verify that the home-pages is what you set.

neg: Linux Malware Detect Linux Malware Detect Linux Malware Detect often abbreviated as LMD or maldet, is a software package that looks for malware on Linux systems and reports on it. Traditionally, Linux systems are generally regarded as very well-protected against, but not immune to, computer viruses and other malware. Whereas there are relatively many malware detection software packages like virus scanners for Windows systems, there are relatively few for Linux systems. For protecting Linux systems against vulnerabilities, various other software packages are available, like rootkit detectors such as Rootkit Hunter and chkrootkit, auditing systems like lynis. Malware detection software like LMD and ClamAV

neg: Zero-day (computing) analysis is for the antivirus software to run suspect sections of code in a safe sandbox and observe their behaviour. This can be orders of magnitude faster than analysing the same code, but must resist (and detect) attempts by the code to detect the sandbox. Generic signatures are signatures that are specific to certain behaviour rather than a specific item of malware. Most new malware is not totally novel, but is a variation on earlier malware, or contains code from one or more earlier examples of malware. Thus the results of previous analysis can be used against new malware. It

neg: Fast flux Fast flux Fast flux is a DNS technique used by botnets to hide phishing and malware delivery sites behind an ever-changing network of compromised hosts acting as proxies. It can also refer to the combination of peer-to-peer networking, distributed command and control, web-based load balancing and proxy redirection used to make malware networks more resistant to discovery and counter-measures. The Storm Worm (2007) is one of the first malware variants to make use of this technique. The basic idea behind Fast flux is to have numerous IP addresses associated with a single fully qualified domain name, where the IP addresses

neg: AIM (software) weather forecasts or financial stock information. Users were able to talk to automated chat 'bots that could respond to natural human language. They were primarily put into place as a marketing strategy and for unique advertising options. It was used by advertisers to market products or build better consumer relations. Before the inclusions of such 'bots, the other 'bots DoorManBot and AIMOffline provided features that were provided by AOL for those who needed it. ZolaOnAOL and ZoeOnAOL were short-lived 'bots that ultimately retired their features in favor of SmarterChild. AOL Instant Messenger's installation process automatically installed an extra URI scheme

neg: Scareware a consumer’s computer showed that it had been compromised or infected and then offered to sell software to fix the alleged problems. Another type of scareware involves software designed to literally scare the user through the use of unanticipated shocking images, sounds or video. Scareware Scareware is a form of malware which uses social engineering to cause shock, anxiety, or the perception of a threat in order to manipulate users into buying unwanted software. Scareware is part of a class of malicious software that includes rogue security software, ransomware and other scam software that tricks users into believing their computer

neg: Jv16 powertools Jv16 powertools jv16 PowerTools, developed by Macecraft Software, is a utility software suite for the Microsoft Windows operating system designed to help analyze, optimize and maintain the computer. The product allows users to keep their computers in a good shape and to remove unneeded and left-over data. The product can be fully used with many languages that are created and updated by volunteers. Anti-Malware Allows user to checks your computer for any viruses and malware. Software Manager Allows user to remove left-over traces of installed software, removes both files and registry entries. Startup Manager Lists all the software configured to

neg: Malware analysis stages, including, but not limited to the following: Note: Some hosted sandboxes, such as Malwr, use one of the above products under the hood (Malwr uses Cuckoo). Malware analysis Malware analysis is the study or process of determining the functionality, origin and potential impact of a given malware sample such as a virus, worm, trojan horse, rootkit, or backdoor. Malware or malicious software is any computer software intended to harm the host operating system or to steal sensitive data from users, organizations or companies. Malware may include software that gathers user information without permission. There are three typical use cases

neg: Android (operating system) premium service abuse as the most common type of Android malware, where text messages are sent from infected phones to premium-rate telephone numbers without the consent or even knowledge of the user. Other malware displays unwanted and intrusive advertisements on the device, or sends personal information to unauthorised third parties. Security threats on Android are reportedly growing exponentially; however, Google engineers have argued that the malware and virus threat on Android is being exaggerated by security companies for commercial reasons, and have accused the security industry of playing on fears to sell virus protection software to users. Google maintains that

neg: Cryptovirology Cryptovirology Cryptovirology is a field that studies how to use cryptography to design powerful malicious software. The field was born with the observation that public-key cryptography can be used to break the symmetry between what an antivirus analyst sees regarding malware and what the attacker sees. The antivirus analyst sees a public key contained in the malware whereas the attacker sees the public key contained in the malware as well as the corresponding private key (outside the malware) since the attacker created the key pair for the attack. The public key allows the malware to perform trapdoor one-way operations on

neg: Linux Spike Trojan malware the globe. Once the router has been infected, the attack injects malware in order to configure DDoS attacks. It can be used for MITM attacks, cookie hijacking and other attacks after the targeted router has been infected. MrBlack is regarded as one of the most widespread malware varieties infecting over forty thousand routers. Linux Spike Trojan malware Linux Spike Trojan malware, more widely known as MrBlack, is a type of malware that infects routers, and eventually spreads to other routers. Incapsula, an internet security firm, first saw this malware in December 2014. This tool is prone to attack devices that

neg: PLATINUM (cybercrime group) built malware which is either made by one of the multiple teams they are believed to have or sold through an outside source 2009. Because of the diversity of this malware, which has little code in common, Microsoft's investigators taxonomised it into families. The piece of malware most widely-used by PLATINUM was nicknamed Dispind by Microsoft. This piece of malware can install a keylogger, a piece of software that records (and may also be able to inject) keystrokes. PLATINUM also uses other malware like "JPIN" which installs itself into the %appdata% folder of a computer so that it can obtain

neg: Fireball (software) Fireball (software) Fireball is a browser hijacking malware discovered by the security company Check Point. It takes over target browsers and turns them into zombies. Check Point claims to have discovered Fireball malware in 2017 but Microsoft claims that it has been tracking the malware since 2015. The malware has been tracked to a Chinese company called Rafotech. They are a digital marketing agency based in Beijing. They have been bundling it with legitimate software that they provide to users. Some of the programs that Rafotech bundled the Fireball software are Deal WiFi, Mustang Browser, SoSoDesk and FVP Image Viewer.

neg: Malwarebytes (software) a formal bug bounty program by Malwarebytes, who offer up to $1000 per disclosure , depending on severity and exploitability. Malwarebytes (software) Malwarebytes (formerly Malwarebytes Anti-Malware, abbreviated as MBAM) is an anti-malware software for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS that finds and removes malware. Made by Malwarebytes Corporation, it was first released in January 2006. It is available in a free version, which scans for and removes malware when started manually, and a paid version, which additionally provides scheduled scans, real-time protection and a flash-memory scanner. Malwarebytes (formerly known as Malwarebytes Anti-malware) is primarily a scanner that scans and

neg: Email encryption to avoid encryption being used to hide malware introduction and information leakage. Transport layer encryption using STARTTLS must be set up by the receiving organization. This is typically straightforward; a valid certificate must be obtained and STARTTLS must be enabled on the receiving organization's email server. To prevent downgrade attacks organizations can send their domain to the 'STARTTLS Policy List' Most full-featured email clients provide native support for S/MIME secure email (digital signing and message encryption using certificates). Other encryption options include PGP and GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). Free and commercial software (desktop application, webmail and add-ons) are available as

neg: Download Valley or open backdoors for possibly malicious attacks. Many security software vendors list these products in the category of potentially unwanted programs (PUP, also PUS or PUA) or grayware and offer detection and removal. This category is distinct from genuine malware and used for software from companies who can, as opposed to criminal underground programmers, threaten with or practice litigation. In 2013, the Download Valley company iBario was accused, by security software vendor Trend Micro, of distributing the Sefnit/Mevade malware through an installer and being related to a Ukrainian company considered immediately responsible for the malware. An unnamed Download Valley executive