query: what is the surface at the australian open

pos: Australian Open Plexicushion. First held in 1905, the Australian Open is now the largest annual sporting event in the Southern Hemisphere. The tournament holds the record for the highest attendance at a Grand Slam event, with 743,667 people attending the 2018 Australian Open. It was also the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play during wet weather or extreme heat with its three primary courts, the Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne Arena and the refurbished Margaret Court Arena equipped with retractable roofs. The Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), and was first played

pos: Plexicushion in surfaces at the lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. A similar hardcourt surface, called "Plexipave", is at use at the Indian Wells Masters tournament. Plexicushion Plexicushion is an acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts, United States. On May 30, 2007, the Australian Open and Tennis Australia announced Plexicushion as the new Australian Open surface, replacing the Rebound Ace surface that had been in

pos: Rod Laver Arena surface of the court at the Australian Open and on Rod Laver Arena was Rebound Ace, which was coloured green and played slowly. The surface was also blamed for many injuries in the Australian Open, with many players claiming that the surface became sticky in hot weather, making it difficult to play on. In 2008, the surface was changed to Plexicushion, which is coloured blue. The surface is similar in properties to DecoTurf, the surface used in the US Open. This has more cushioning and more "give" than Rebound Ace. The change of surfaces gained a mostly positive reaction from

pos: 2008 Australian Open 2008 Australian Open The 2008 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 96th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 through 27 January 2008. After twenty years of playing on Rebound Ace, the courts were changed to Plexicushion, a marginally faster surface. The new surface is thinner, and therefore has lower heat retention. This decision was made in a bid to reduce the "stick" of the court and the frequency of the extreme heat

pos: 2008 Australian Open 2008, Haas was No. 12 in the world and Cañas No. 17. 2008 Australian Open The 2008 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 96th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 through 27 January 2008. After twenty years of playing on Rebound Ace, the courts were changed to Plexicushion, a marginally faster surface. The new surface is thinner, and therefore has lower heat retention. This decision was made in a bid to reduce

pos: Plexicushion Plexicushion Plexicushion is an acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts, United States. On May 30, 2007, the Australian Open and Tennis Australia announced Plexicushion as the new Australian Open surface, replacing the Rebound Ace surface that had been in use since Melbourne Park was opened in 1988. The surface was installed in time for the 2008 Australian Open, and was accompanied by a change

pos: 2008 Australian Open the mixed doubles, in every game, the first team to score four points, won the game. In other words, when a deuce happened in a game, the team who won the next point won the game. On 30 May 2007, Australian Open tournament director Craig Tiley announced that as of the 2008 Australian Open, the Rebound Ace surface that had been used since 1988 would be replaced by a newer, faster Plexicushion surface. The Rebound Ace surface had been criticized for several years, from players including Andy Roddick and Mark Philippoussis, who claimed that the "stick" of the court was

pos: Australian Open court surface from grass to a hard court surface known as Rebound Ace. Mats Wilander was the only player to win the tournament on both grass and hard courts. In 2008, after being used for 20 years, the Rebound Ace was replaced by a cushioned, medium-paced, acrylic surface known as Plexicushion Prestige. Roger Federer and Serena Williams are the only players to win the Australian Open on both Rebound Ace and Plexicushion Prestige. The main benefits of the new surface are better consistency and less retention of heat because of a thinner top layer. This change was accompanied by changes

pos: 2008 Australian Open Ace derided the new surface, with director Paul Bull saying that, "We had an Australian icon event with a unique Australian product and now we are just going to become a clone of the U.S. Open." Bull also said that the inconsistencies in pace were down to the organizers' imperative, who kept asking for the pace to be adjusted to pander for certain players, such as Hewitt. Bull, however, conceded that a change was needed; and said that the suggestion of a Rebound Ace court with a rubber mat thickness of around 5 mm was made. The Plexicushion surface received

pos: Jo-Wilfried Tsonga of the action of his serve, which is dramatically abbreviated, he does very well to create as much power as he does, with speeds of up to 147 mph (237 km/h). To date, Tsonga has achieved his best results on hard courts, most notably at the Australian Open, where he made the final in 2008, the quarterfinals in 2009, 2013 and 2017 and the semifinals in 2010 (the Australian Open plays a Plexicushion Prestige surface). In his career on the ATP circuit, the majority of his final appearances have come on hard courts. On grass, he reached the semifinals at

pos: Hobart International host to a number of top players in the past, such as World #1's Victoria Azarenka, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin and Serena Williams. Other top players who have participated in the event include Australian Open and Wimbledon semifinalist Zheng Jie, and current/former Top 10 players Jelena Dokić, Alicia Molik, Flavia Pennetta, Chanda Rubin, Patty Schnyder, Samantha Stosur and Vera Zvonareva. Prior to the Australian Open changing its court surface, the tournament was played on Rebound Ace. When the Australian Open changed to Plexicushion in 2008, all Australian Open Series tournaments were required to change their court surfaces to Plexicushion. The

pos: Rebound Ace official surface of the Australian Open, when it was replaced by Plexicushion. It was subject to some controversy in recent years when some tennis players argued that it got very sticky with high temperatures, increasing the chances of injuries. However, evidence points to it being no worse than other hard courts. A recent quote by Paul McNamee indicates that investigations found nothing, commenting that "an investigation into injuries at the Australian Open, by the ATP and WTA tours, had laid no blame on Rebound Ace ... the evidence simply wasn't there." Rebound Ace was also used at the Sydney 2000

pos: Tennis court Open from 1881 to 1974, and Wimbledon since 1877. Hard courts are made of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer to offer greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces. Hard courts can vary in speed, though they are faster than clay but not as fast as grass courts. The quantity of sand added to the paint can greatly affect the rate at which the ball slows down. The US Open is played on DecoTurf while the Australian Open is played on Plexicushion, both acrylic-topped hard court surfaces. Historically for the Grand Slams hard courts have

pos: 2009 ASB Classic Nicole Vaidišová, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Carla Suárez Navarro. At the 2008 tournament, the courts were changed to a blue Plexicushion surface, replacing the green Rebound Ace. This was consistent with the surface change that was also implemented at the Australian Open. For the 2009 WTA Tour the ASB Classic was chosen as part of the new 55 tournament calendar. A new tournament director, Brenda Perry, was brought in, and there was also an increase in prize money from $145,000 to $225,000. The event underwent a change in sponsorship, with Zealandia, a New Zealand horticulture firm, becoming a supporting partner. Nadia

neg: Bagel (tennis) special Golden Bagel Award was handed out to the male player who dealt the most bagels to his opponents. Statistics of the men's singles Grand Slam tournaments from 2000 to 2016 are as follows: at Wimbledon (grass surface), 127 bagels were made; at French Open (clay surface), 267; at the US Open Tennis Championship (hard surface), 275, and at the Australian Open (hard surface), 238.. Björn Borg (five-time Wimbledon champion and six-time French Open champion) recorded 20 6–0 sets at the French Open, and only 5 at Wimbledon. Grand Slam matches in the men's singles category are best of five

neg: Australian Open Melbourne Park does have 8 clay courts not used for the tournament). This replaced the Rebound Ace surface used from the opening of Melbourne Park. The ITF rates the surface's speed as medium. Unlike the other three Grand Slam tournaments, which became open in 1968, the Australian tournament opened to professionals in 1969. Thus, the records here break at the 1969 tournament. Citations for these records. Australian Open The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. The tournament is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events held each

neg: 2008 Australian Open policy being invoked. However, the new surface faced criticism for being too similar to DecoTurf, the surface used at the U.S. Open. Player reaction to the change of surface was generally ambivalent. Both Roger Federer and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in defending their 2007 titles; Federer losing to Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Jelena Jankovic. Djokovic won his first Grand Slam singles title, defeating unseeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the final; Maria Sharapova, runner-up to Williams in 2007, defeated Ana Ivanovic to win her first Australian Open title and third Grand Slam title. For

neg: Steffi Graf court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978. Consequently, Graf's Grand Slam was achieved on grass, clay, and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay. Graf reached thirteen consecutive major singles finals, from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open, winning nine of them. She won 5 consecutive major singles tournaments (1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open), and seven out of eight, in two calendar years (1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open, except 1989 French Open). She reached a total of 31 major

neg: Djokovic–Federer rivalry 2008 to 2011, which is a record. They also met in three semifinals in Australia, in 2008, 2011, and 2016. Hard court is widely considered to be Djokovic's best surface with Djokovic himself stating that it is his most successful and preferred surface. Their first seven Grand Slam meetings took place on hard court in either the Australian Open or US Open, before finally meeting at the French Open in 2011. Statistically Federer is the best hard court player of the Open Era. He has the most hard court titles of all time with 60, while Djokovic is fourth all-time

neg: Djokovic–Federer rivalry the final in 2015. Hard court surfaces vary widely in terms of court speed and even at particular events the speed of the courts can be different year to year based on the construction of the court surface. Federer is more dominant on hard courts which have usually been fast, such as Dubai, Basel, Cincinnati and Shanghai where he leads 9–3. Djokovic has had most success on gritty, slow hard courts such as the Australian Open, Indian Wells, and Miami where he has a 7–1 advantage. The Australian Open surface was constructed to be sped up in 2017 compared to

neg: South Australian Championships South Australian Open, before it started a regular run in 1981 under the latter title. Moved from January to December in the Grand Prix circuit calendars of the early 1980s, the South Australian Open sealed its place as the opening event of the season in 1987, when it was scheduled again in January, following the return of the Australian Open as the first Grand Slam event of the year. After the surface change of the Australian Open, the tournament also switched to hard courts, starting with the 1988 edition when the event was concurrently called the Australian Hard Court Championships

neg: Grand Slam (tennis) completion of the Career Grand Slam. The major tournament at which the Career Grand Slam was achieved is indicated in bold. Eight men have won all four grand slam tournaments. Two of the eight men achieved a double career Slam. Originally, the grand slams were held on grass (Australian, Wimbledon, and US Open) and clay (French) and the first four players achieved their grand slams on two surfaces. The US Open changed its surface from grass to clay in 1975 and then to hard court in 1978. The Australian Open changed from grass to hard court in 1988. The last

neg: Monique Adamczak partnering with Jennifer Schmidt. At the 2009 US Open, Adamczak qualified for the singles event, losing to Alizé Cornet in the first round, 6–4, 4–6, 5–7. At the 2014 Australian Open, Adamczak partnering Olivia Rogowska reached the third round, losing to the first seeds Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci. Monique Adamczak Monique Adamczak (born 21 January 1983 in Kensington, New South Wales) is an Australian professional tennis player. She is coached by Roger Federer's former coach, Tony Roche. Adamczak's favourite surface is grass. Adamczak made her debut as a professional in 1998, aged 15, at an ITF tournament in Lyneham.

neg: Kooyong Stadium Kooyong Stadium Kooyong Stadium, at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club, is an Australian tennis venue, located in the Melbourne suburb of Kooyong. The stadium was built in 1927 and has a capacity of 8,500. Kooyong was the venue for the Australian Open, whenever that tournament was held in Melbourne, becoming the permanent venue from 1972-1987. It was the last Australian Open venue to play on grass courts. The tournament was moved to the hard courts of Melbourne Park in 1988. Now a hard-court surface, it remains the venue for the Kooyong Classic exhibition tournament. Kooyong has also hosted several Davis

neg: Bullita Cave over in length. The cave contains a large number of holes which open up at the surface, revealing daylight, and some whole sections which are completely exposed, as well as fissures within its tunnels. "Beneath the Surface: A Natural History of Australian Caves" describes the cave as a "complex close-spaced maze system." Operation Raleigh investigated the cave in an expedition in 1990; this was the first time that it was significantly explored. In 1992, further sections of the cave were found. John Dunkley, an educator and caver who is currently a member of the Australian Speleological Federation, explored and observed

neg: Tennis court surfaces and each surface has its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. There are four main types of courts depending on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts, hard courts, grass courts and carpet courts. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) lists different surfaces and properties and classifies surfaces into one of five pace settings: Of the current four Grand Slam tournaments, the Australian and US Open use hard courts, French Open is played on clay, and Wimbledon, the only Grand Slam to have always been played on the same surface, is played on grass.

neg: Djokovic–Federer rivalry second on the list and is tied with Pete Sampras and Ivan Lendl at 5 titles each. The two most commonly meet on hard courts, with 36 of their 47 matches taking place on the surface, and Djokovic leading 19–17. Djokovic leads 6–4 in hard court grand slam matches, with a 3–3 tie at the US Open and Djokovic leading 3–1 at the Australian Open. They have twice met in hard court grand slam finals with Federer winning the 2007 US Open final and Djokovic winning the 2015 US Open final. They met in four straight US Open semifinals from

neg: Differential geometry of surfaces the constant may be taken to be 1, 0, or −1. A surface of constant curvature 1 is locally isometric to the sphere, which means that every point on the surface has an open neighborhood that is isometric to an open set on the unit sphere in with its intrinsic Riemannian metric. Likewise, a surface of constant curvature 0 is locally isometric to the Euclidean plane, and a surface of constant curvature −1 is locally isometric to the hyperbolic plane. Constant curvature surfaces are the two-dimensional realization of what are known as space forms. These are often studied from the

neg: 1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles eliminated. 1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles Johan Kriek was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title, defeating Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles title at the 1982 Australian Open, what was the rematch of the previous year. The format of this year's tournament was best of 5 sets in the first 2 rounds, best of 3 sets in rounds 3 and 4, then best of 5 sets for the rest of the tournament. The seeded players are listed below. Johan Kriek is the champion; others show the round in which they

neg: 1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles 1982 Australian Open – Men's Singles Johan Kriek was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title, defeating Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles title at the 1982 Australian Open, what was the rematch of the previous year. The format of this year's tournament was best of 5 sets in the first 2 rounds, best of 3 sets in rounds 3 and 4, then best of 5 sets for the rest of the tournament. The seeded players are listed below. Johan Kriek is the champion; others show the round in which they were

neg: Klein quartic "closed" quartic is what is generally meant in geometry; topologically it has genus 3 and is a compact space. The "open" or "punctured" quartic is of interest in number theory; topologically it is a genus 3 surface with 24 punctures, and geometrically these punctures are cusps. The open quartic may be obtained (topologically) from the closed quartic by puncturing at the 24 centers of the tiling by regular heptagons, as discussed below. The open and closed quartics have different metrics, though they are both hyperbolic and complete – geometrically, the cusps are "points at infinity", not holes, hence the open

neg: Tamarine Tanasugarn was No. 15, which she achieved on 13 September 2004. With Liezel Huber, she reached the 2004 US Open doubles quarterfinals, and at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships, she reached the women's doubles semifinal with Marina Erakovic. Her biggest success came in 2008, when she reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon. In her career, Tanasugarn has defeated former and current No. 1 players, including Amélie Mauresmo, Jennifer Capriati, Jelena Janković, Dinara Safina and Simona Halep. She has also beaten Australian Open and French Open champion Mary Pierce. Tanasugarn is regarded as a grass-court specialist; she has won most matches on the surface

neg: James Sekulov and former French Open champion Michael Chang. He had a five-set win over Ivan Ljubicic at the 2000 Australian Open, in what would be his last Grand Slam appearance and only win. Also that year, Sekulov defeated Roger Federer, then 40 in the world, at Indianapolis. James Sekulov James Sekulov (born 13 October 1976) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. Sekulov was a boys' doubles finalist at the 1993 US Open, partnering Ben Ellwood. He finished that year as the world's seventh-ranked junior singles player. The right-handed Australian made his senior Grand Slam debut in the 1998 US

neg: Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary and professional trappers. The water hyacinth, an introduced invasive species of fast growing floating plants completely clogs the open water surface of the drain in many areas annually and lot of funds and labour is employed by the flood control department to clear it some what to keep the water flow uninterrupted. The removing of the water hyacinth by labourers also open ups the water surface for birds and migratory waterfowl which take refuge here every winter. The relatively cleaner portion of the drain in rural southwest Delhi before it enters densely populated and badly polluted area at Vikaspuri also

neg: Anne Minter Anne Minter Anne Minter (born 3 April 1963) is a former tennis player from Australia, who competed for her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. She won four singles titles on the WTA Tour: 1987 Taipei, Singapore; 1988 Puerto Rico; 1989 Taipei. Minter was a quarterfinalist at the Australian Open in 1988, beating fourth seed Pam Shriver in the R16 when the tournament moved to the hard court surface at Melbourne Park. She twice reached the R16 at Wimbledon, upsetting ninth seed Hana Mandlíková in the third round

neg: 2012 Australian Open – Men's singles final Nadal broke in the sixth game to take a 4–2 lead; Djokovic then broke back to level at 4–4. Finally, Djokovic made a decisive break of serve to win what is, in terms of duration, both the longest Grand Slam final in the Open Era and also the longest match in the history of the Australian Open. This match is central to the Djokovic–Nadal rivalry. Nadal called it the toughest loss of his career, but the best match he ever played. Djokovic said it was the finest win in his career and also commented on the high level of tennis

neg: Novak Djokovic the second player to defeat Nadal in more than one Grand Slam final (the other being Federer), and the first player to beat Nadal in a Slam final on a surface other than grass (Wawrinka beat Nadal in Australian open final in 2014). In 2012, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the Australian Open final which made Nadal the first player to lose in three consecutive Grand Slam finals. At the 2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters in April, Nadal finally beat Djokovic for the first time since November 2010. They had met in seven finals from January 2011 to January 2012, all of

neg: Ivan Ljubičić 6–4, 6–4, in the fourth round. He lost to eventual finalist Marcos Baghdatis of Cyprus in the quarterfinals 4–6, 2–6, 6–4, 6–3, 3–6. After the Australian Open, he played at the Zagreb Indoor Open, which is played on carpet, a surface typically favoured by Ljubičić. He reached the final once more and defeated Stefan Koubek 6–3, 6–4. He bettered this feat when he made the semifinals of the French Open, beating Carlos Berlocq, Óscar Hernández, Juan Mónaco, Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo and Julien Benneteau before the run ended with a loss to Rafael Nadal, who holds the record for the longest

neg: Angelique Kerber career statistics Angelique Kerber career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of German professional tennis player, Angelique Kerber. To date, Kerber has won twelve WTA singles titles including three grand slam singles titles at the 2016 Australian Open, 2016 US Open and 2018 Wimbledon. She won at least two titles on each playing surface (hard, clay and grass). She was also the runner-up at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships and a Silver medalist at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. Kerber became the world No. 1 for the first time in her career on 12 September 2016. Kerber's breakthrough

neg: Luis Horna Grand Slam title in the professional era. The Peruvian Alejandro Olmedo won two before the Open era, Wimbledon and Melbourne (Australian Open) in 1959 but representing the United States. 2009 was Horna's last season on tour, and played his final tournament at Lima Challenger, where he lost in the second round to Chilean Jorge Aguilar. Horna plays right-handed, he has a strong serve for a relatively short player and the forehand is his best stroke. He uses a single-handed backhand and his favourite surface is clay. Luis Horna Luis Horna Biscari (; born 14 September 1980 in Lima) is a

neg: 2009 Australian Open – Men's singles final [then] was that in the final set Roger's level fell and Rafa was able to maintain his level," he said. Rafael Nadal felt that surviving the third set and winning it in a tiebreaker was the pivotal point of the match. "Winning the third was vital. It would have gotten very complicated if I had lost that set." Regarding Federer's breakdown during the trophy presentation, Nadal said he understood what Federer was feeling. 2009 Australian Open – Men's singles final The 2009 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2009

neg: Angelique Kerber career statistics advanced into finals by Kerber are in italics. Kerber's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10: Kerber's record against players who have been ranked world No. 11–20. Angelique Kerber career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of German professional tennis player, Angelique Kerber. To date, Kerber has won twelve WTA singles titles including three grand slam singles titles at the 2016 Australian Open, 2016 US Open and 2018 Wimbledon. She won at least two titles on each playing surface (hard, clay and grass). She was also the runner-up at the 2016 Wimbledon

neg: Aleksandra Wozniak singles. She has appeared in 36 ties in the Fed Cup, also a record. Wozniak has an all court game that is anchored by an effective first serve and a strong backhand. She also possesses a good overhead. Her favourite surface is clay. "This table is current through the 2018 French Open." Notes "This table is current through the 2018 Australian Open." <nowiki>*</nowiki>As of November 6, 2017 Wozniak's win-loss record (11–37, 23%) against players who were ranked world No. 20 or higher when played is as follows: Wozniak has a 4–21 (16%) record against players who were, at the time

neg: Tennis court been used at the Australian Open since 1988 and the US Open since 1978. "Carpet" in tennis means any removable court covering. Indoor arenas store rolls of rubber-backed court surfacing and install it temporarily for tennis events, but they are not in use any more for professional events. A short piled form of artificial turf infilled with sand is used for some outdoor courts, particularly in Asia. Carpet is generally a fast surface, faster than hardcourt, with low bounce. Notable tennis tournaments previously held on carpet courts were the WCT Finals, Paris Masters, U.S. Pro Indoor and Kremlin Cup. Since

neg: Chuang Chia-jung Australian Open, Chuang reached the final of the women's doubles with her partner Chan Yung-jan, but lost in three sets to Cara Black and Liezel Huber. She also reached the women's doubles final of the 2007 US Open. In 2001, Chuang played for the first time for the Chinese Taipei Fed Cup team. In Fed Cup play, she has a win–loss record of 25–11. Chuang is coached by her father Chuang Wen-teng. Her mother Xie Xiu-ling is a pharmacist. Chuang's favorite surface is hardcourt, and her best shot is her serve. She started playing tennis at age 7 when introduced

neg: Australian Open in the surfaces of all lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. The change was controversial because of the new surface's similarity to DecoTurf, the surface used by the US Open. Before the Melbourne Park stadium era, tournament dates fluctuated as well, in particular in the early years because of the climate of each site or exceptional events. For example, the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 (the 1920 tournament was played in March) and the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place in August when the weather was not too hot and wet. After a first 1977 tournament was held

neg: Jasov area of dramatic limestone (or karst) landscapes. The nearby valley between Moldava nad Bodvou and Rožňava, with its wide bottom, high cliffs and a picturesque gorge (at Zádiel), is typical. But karst landscapes are noted for what lies beneath their surface as much as what can be seen above, and the Slovenský Kras is no exception. The area is littered with cave complexes, several of them open to the public. One of these is in the hillside a short distance from the monastery at Jasov. Tura, Hungary The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv

neg: La Niña least five months. It has extensive effects on the weather in North America, even affecting the Atlantic and Pacific hurricane seasons. La Niña is the positive phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. However, each country and island nation has a different threshold for what constitutes a La Niña event, which is tailored to their specific interests. For example, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology looks at the trade winds, SOI, weather models and sea surface temperatures in the Niño 3 and 3.4 regions before declaring

neg: Björn Borg final were fellow World No. 1 tennis players John McEnroe and Jimmy Connors. Even though it was then played on grass, a surface where he enjoyed much success, Borg chose to play the Australian Open only once, in 1974, where he lost in the third round. Phil Dent, a contemporary of Borg, has pointed out that skipping Grand Slam tournaments—especially the Australian Open—was not unusual then, before counting Grand Slam titles became the norm. Additionally, another contemporary Arthur Ashe told "Sports Illustrated", "I think Bjorn could have won the U.S. Open. I think he could have won the Grand Slam,

neg: Samuel Warren Carey surface geology for indications of subsurface oil. The Sepik is where the Australian Tectonic Plate collides with the Pacific Plate and confirmed for Carey, many of his ideas about what is now known as plate tectonics. The work involved long periods in jungle covered hill country, field working from temporary camps, managing carrier lines and dealing with villagers. All supplies were carried in from the bases at Matapau and Aitape on the coast. The mapping involved surveyors drawing base maps at scales of six inches to the mile, using what was then the most up to date geographical techniques (radio

neg: Rod Laver played on grass at the time – the Australian Open, US Open, and Wimbledon. Because none of the Majors were played on hardcourts in Laver's era, he never won a Grand Slam tournament on that surface. The tennis landscape today is different as half of the year's Majors are played on hardcourts. Only six players have won Major titles on clay, grass and hardcourts: Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic. Federer, Nadal and Djokovic are the only players in history to have simultaneously held Grand Slam tournament titles on the three surfaces. Previous

neg: Fabio Fognini Fabio Fognini Fabio Fognini (; born 24 May 1987) is an Italian professional tennis player. He is currently ranked as the world number 13 by the Association of Tennis Professionals. Fognini's most successful surface is red clay, upon which he won his five ATP singles titles in Stuttgart, Hamburg, Viña del Mar, Umag, and Swedish Open, as well as having reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 French Open and the semifinals of the 2013 Monte-Carlo Masters. Together with Simone Bolelli, Fognini won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event, becoming the first all Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam

neg: 1999 Australian Open straight sets to Christina Singer and Helena Vildová. The second round saw the fall of Likhovtseva and Sugiyama, and Spîrlea and Vis. The only major casualty of the third round was de Swardt and Tatarkova. All the top three seeds made it to the semifinals, and they were joined by the up-and-coming Williams sisters, who defeated Neiland and Sánchez Vicario en route. Davenport and Zvereva defeated the Williams sisters to reach the final, in what is their fifth consecutive Grand Slam final; and Davenport's fourth consecutive Australian Open final in doubles. They were joined by Hingis and Kournikova, in what

neg: Cryptic crossword authors now appears monthly in "The Wall Street Journal". Cryptic crosswords are very popular in Australia. Most Australian newspapers will have at least one cryptic crossword, if not two. The "Sydney Morning Herald" and Melbourne's "The Age" carry daily cryptic crosswords, including Friday's challenging cryptic by 'DA', composed by David Astle. The Australian puzzle publishers "Lovatts" regularly puts out cryptic crossword puzzle books. In essence, a cryptic clue leads to its answer as long as it is read in the right way. What the clue appears to say when read normally (the "surface reading") is a distraction and usually has

neg: Tennis court The Australian Open switched from grass to hard courts in 1988 and in its early years the French championship alternated between clay and sand/rubble courts. The US Open is the only major to have been played on three surfaces; it was played on grass from its inception until 1974, clay from 1975 until 1977 and hard courts since it moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the National Tennis Center in 1978. ITF uses the following classification for tennis court surface types: Clay courts are made of crushed shale, stone or brick. The French Open is the only Grand

neg: Niels Desein Niels Desein Niels Desein (born 9 June 1987) is a Belgian tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He was born in Ghent, Belgium, and currently resides in Wondelgem, Belgium. Desein reached as high as No. 4 in the combined junior world rankings in May 2005. Junior Slam results: Australian Open: - French Open: 1R (2005) Wimbledon: 3R (2004, 2005) US Open: 2R (2004) His career-high ATP rankings are World No. 154 in singles in March 2015 and World No. 182 in doubles in August 2009. His favourite surface is clay. He made his main draw debut on the

neg: Ten Empty Ten Empty Ten Empty is a 2008 Australian film directed by Anthony Hayes and starring Brendan Cowell, Geoff Morrell, Lucy Bell, and Jack Thompson. The film was written by Anthony Hayes and Brendan Cowell, who were good friends. Hayes said they were interested in exploring Australian masculinity: After "The Castle" there was a string of comedies trying to replicate that success with cardboard cut-out characters, which really annoyed me. That's what we were working against in "Ten Empty". That surface wit. Men cracking jokes instead of dealing with their emotions. What happens when you run out of jokes? The people

neg: Marzio Martelli in the quarter-finals of the World Group. In what would be the only Davis Cup rubber he would ever play, Martelli was defeated by Carlos Moyá, but he did manage to win the second set against the Australian Open runner-up. He lost a four set match to Andre Agassi in the opening round of the 1998 Australian Open. In his fourth and final Grand Slam appearance, at the 1998 French Open, the Italian defeated world number 25 Goran Ivanišević in the first round but was unable to progress any further, losing his next match to Filip Dewulf. Also in 1998,

neg: Rory McLeod (snooker player) qualifier for the Australian Goldfields Open. Verhaas' comment read: "Rory McLeod refused to shake female ref Ivy Zhu's hand this morning because of his muslim beliefs. You may think what you like about it...". On 22 November 2014, after losing 4–0 to Judd Trump at the Ruhr Open, McLeod again refused to shake the hand of the female referee. McLeod qualified for the 2011 Australian Goldfields Open, and beat Peter Ebdon in the first round 5 frames to 3, before going out to Shaun Murphy in the second round. McLeod qualified for the 2011 UK Championship by beating Barry Hawkins

neg: Rafael Nadal titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title. Nadal has also won 57 clay court titles, including his 11 French Open titles, the most of any player in the Open Era. With 81 consecutive match wins on clay, Nadal has the longest single surface win streak of any player in the Open Era. He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011. In 2010, he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of five in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam

neg: Michael Saward (political theorist) written about extensively. Before joining as a reader in 2000 Open University, Saward worked at the Royal Holloway, University of London. In 2006 the Open University made him director of the Citizenship Strand in the Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance (CCIG). His inaugural speech, on the theme of what it means to 'do' political representation theory, took place on 4 July 2006 at the Berrill Lecture Theatre, at the Open University. Michael Saward (political theorist) Michael Saward (born 1 September 1960), is an Australian professor of politics at the University of Warwick, the professor and head of department in

neg: Peter Luczak more Challenger events in Canberra and Košice which was on his favoured clay surface. Luczak made his Davis Cup debut for Australia in 2005 against Argentina on grass, where he lost a dead rubber to Guillermo Coria, in addition to this he reached his best ever performance at ATP level where reached the semi-finals as a qualifier beating Fernando González at the Brasil Open along the way before losing to Alberto Martín Luczak equalled his best Australian Open performance by making the third round in 2006 losing in four sets to Tommy Haas indoors as the roof was closed due

neg: Nikolay Davydenko the Australian Open for the third consecutive year. He was slow to find his form in the clay court season, but finally did at the Rome Masters, losing in the semifinal to Rafael Nadal in an enthralling match, 6–7, 7–6, 4–6. His good form continued, and he reached the semifinals for the second time at the French Open, losing to Roger Federer again, 5–7, 6–7, 6–7. At Wimbledon, he surprised the tennis world by reaching the fourth round on his least preferred surface. Moving to the hard-court season in the US, Davydenko had strong showings in the Canada Masters and

neg: Jana Novotná comforted her. Novotná achieved a year-end ranking of No. 6. She began the 1994 season by reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. In her quarterfinal match, she played Gabriela Sabatini, in what turned out to be their last head-to-head encounter. In their previous meeting, on the grasscourts at the 1993 Wimbledon Championships, Novotná beat Sabatini in a straight-set quarterfinal victory. This time, on the Australian hardcourts, Sabatini defeated Novotná in straight sets. At the French Open, Novotná was beaten in the first round by Anna Smashnova in straight sets. At Wimbledon, Novotná reached the quarterfinals where she again faced

neg: 2018 Australian Open (badminton) 2018 Australian Open (badminton) The 2018 Australian Open, officially CROWN GROUP Australian Open 2018 was a badminton tournament which took place at Sydney Olympic Park in Australian from 8 to 13 May 2018 and had a total purse of $150,000. The 2018 Australian Open was the ninth tournament of the 2018 BWF World Tour and also part of the Australian Open championships, which had been held since 1975. This tournament was organized by Badminton Australia and sanctioned by the BWF. This international tournament was held at Quaycentre in Sydney, Australia. Below is the tables with the point distribution for each

neg: Australian Open Series set. The legends play a pro set, and the doubles if needed is a normal set with no a rules before a super tie break if needed. The first of four Grand Slam events is held at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in the second fortnight of January. See: List of Australian Open champions. Australian Open Series The Australian Open Series is a selection of tennis tournaments held annually prior to the start of the Australian Open in Melbourne, Australia. As of 2016, there are five official Australian Open Series tournaments held across Australia in preparation for the first Grand Slam

neg: Jelena Janković Svetlana Kuznetsova. Eventually, Kuznetsova would outlast Janković in the third set 9–7 in what is currently the third longest main draw match in Australian Open history. She and doubles partner Yanina Wickmayer were dismissed in the first round by 5th seeds Martina Hingis and Coco Vandeweghe. As the eighth seed at the Taiwan Open, Janković was stunned by the always-dangerous Kurumi Nara in the first round, despite having taken the first set. Janković found herself needing to qualify for the main draw at the Qatar Total Open, and she did so, albeit in not the most straight forward of manners.

neg: 1999 Australian Open doubles events, and thirty two teams lined up in the mixed doubles competition. With World No. 1 Pete Sampras absent, along with World No. 2 and last year's finalist Marcelo Ríos, the No. 1 spot was thought to be up for grabs coming into this year's Australian Open.<ref name="ATP Rankings For 2/1/1999"></ref> Andre Agassi was considered the favourite, having won the 1995 Australian Open and having what was thought to be an easy path to the semifinals, Carlos Moyà being the only player considered to be a threat to him. Patrick Rafter was also considered a favourite, despite having in-form

neg: Smudge pot Australia they are called "choofers" because of the noise they make when lit: ""choofa choofa choofa"". Lighting an Australian "choofer" is a tricky business. Because of the voluminous clouds of oily black smoke they produce when cold, they must be lit outside. This is accomplished by holding a burning rag next to the open damper on the fuel tank. The draught caused by the breeze passing through the chimney will draw air through the open damper into the fuel tank, where the surface of the fuel inside will light and burn instantly. Once the choofer is sufficiently warm, the damper

neg: Marat Safin was also capable of playing at the net, with his volleys also being effective. However, lack of consistency and motivation was described as Safin's ultimate weakness, starting after his victory at the 2005 Australian Open. Safin generally dominated during the fast indoor hard/carpet season, which is usually during the last few weeks on tour; Safin considered grass to be his least favourite playing surface, despite the similarities between indoor courts and grass courts even though other opponents with similar playing styles generally dominate on it. He is known as one of the most talented players ever during his time on

neg: Australian Skeptics such as those of psychics, healers, witnesses to paranormal events and those selling devices which claim to defy scientific laws. This challenge is now coordinated by ASI and the prize money is backed by the Australian Skeptics Science and Education Foundation. It is open to any contender who can state exactly what their paranormal claim is, and the claim can give a definite yes or no result. They must define under what conditions the claim can be performed, and expect to beat million to one odds in order to claim success. The result of each test is then published in

neg: Pete Sampras clay, his worst surface. Nonetheless, Sampras advanced to the third round before giving up a two-set lead and losing to Andrei Cherkasov of Russia. Sampras reached the semifinals of the Australian Open in early 1993, losing again to Stefan Edberg and matching the previous year's quarterfinal performance at the French Open. In April 1993, Sampras attained the No. 1 ranking for the first time. His rise to the top of the rankings was controversial because he had not recently won any Grand Slam titles, but he justified his ranking three months later by claiming his first of seven Wimbledon titles,

neg: Australian bass surface flies imitating cicadas has proven to be extremely effective. At night Australian bass are a roaming pelagic feeder and surface lures (which waddle or fizz across the surface of the water) are used. Some of the best Australian bass fishing is coastal rivers and tributaries where access is difficult. Fishing these more remote locations can be extremely rewarding both for the fishing and the scenery. Fishing the more remote bass water is therefore usually the domain of the hardened backpacking fisherman or the dedicated kayak fisherman willing to drag his kayak over numerous logs and other obstacles. It pays

neg: Pacific Coast Championships tournament in the United States, predated only by the U.S. Championships (current US Open). The tournament predates the Australian Open and the French Open. The following year, 1890, the tournament moved to the Hotel Rafael in San Rafael where it was held until 1900 when it relocated to the Berkeley Tennis Club in Berkeley. Barry MacKay bought the tournament in 1970 at Berkeley. In 1972 and 1973 the event was hosted by the Round Hill Country Club in Alamo. The tournament's location moved indoor to the Cow Palace in 1974 and changed venues to what is now the Bill Graham

neg: Airborne Redback Airborne Redback The Airborne Redback is an Australian two-seat flying wing ultralight trike designed and produced by Airborne Windsports. The aircraft is named for the native Australian Redback spider. The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. The aircraft's Wizard model wing is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its single surface covered in Dacron

neg: Roberta Vinci reached the semifinals and defeated world No. 1 Serena Williams in three sets, ending Williams's hopes of winning the calendar Grand Slam, in what has been described by numerous commentators as one of the biggest shocks in tennis history. She went on to lose to her childhood friend Flavia Pennetta in the first ever all-Italian Grand Slam final. Vinci has won 35 WTA Tour titles, 10 in singles and 25 in doubles, including the 2012 French Open, the 2012 US Open, the 2013 Australian Open and 2014 Australian Open, and 2014 Wimbledon titles with regular partner Sara Errani. In doing

neg: Caroline Garcia following via Twitter account, "The girl Sharapova is playing is going to be number one in the world one day ... what a player". At the Australian Open, Garcia lost in the first round to No. 47 Elena Vesnina. She then beat qualifier Yuliya Beygelzimer, before losing to eventual champion, Serena Williams, at the French Open. She qualified for Wimbledon. This marks the first Grand Slam for which she qualified; she received a wild card for the previous five. Caroline beat Zheng Jie in the first round, before losing again to Serena Williams in the second round. She was ranked

neg: Surface Tension (short story) that can survive. (Blish coined the term pantropy to refer to this concept.) They create a race of microscopic aquatic humanoids to complete their mission and colonize the planet. The majority of the story concerns one group of these genetically engineered colonists and their intelligence, curiosity, and evolving technology. In particular, the tiny aquatic humanoids develop a "space ship", or rather "air ship", which enables them to pierce the previously impenetrable surface tension of the water and travel through what is, to them, hostile space—open air—to other worlds in other puddles of water. "Surface Tension" was among the stories selected

neg: Open microfluidics Open microfluidics Microfluidics refers to the flow of fluid in channels or networks with at least one dimension on the micron scale. In open microfluidics, also referred to as open surface microfluidics or open-space microfluidics, at least one boundary confining the fluid flow of a system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface such as a second fluid. Open microfluidics can be categorized into various subsets. Some examples of these subsets include open-channel microfluidics, paper-based, and thread-based microfluidics. In open-channel microfluidics, a surface tension-driven capillary flow occurs and is referred to as spontaneous capillary flow (SCF). SCF

neg: 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic in 2011, 2012 and 2013) to win three consecutive Australian Open titles. Rafael Nadal can become the

neg: 2008 Australian Open a contributing factor in many players injuring themselves. This "stick" was a result of the thick rubber mat (10 mm) laid beneath the surface, the high heat retention because of this, and the high temperatures present during the Australian summer, which intermittently resulted in the extreme heat policy being invoked. Conversely, players such as Pete Sampras and Marat Safin put the high number of injuries down to lack of preparation from players; partly due to the fact that the tournament is held so early in the year, but also because there were so few tournaments preceding it. Rebound Ace was

neg: Christmas Island Airport 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring . The airport's location at the top of a hill, with a 2% mid-runway gradient, makes it a challenging landing for pilots. Traffic to and from the airport varies greatly. Along with regular flights to the Australian mainland, the airport receives weekly open charter flights from Jakarta with Garuda Indonesia and fortnightly open charter flights from Kuala Lumpur with Malindo Air. Historically airlines such as Indonesia AirAsia, Malaysia Airlines and SilkAir travelled to the island. Tourist attractions such as the migration of the Christmas Island red crab and the island's Christmas Island Resort have

neg: Jelena Dokic Again, in October 2013, she said that after a wrist operation she was training with Todd Woodbridge to try for a wildcard entry into the 2014 Australian Open. Dokic entered the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff in December 2013 but lost in the first round to Jarmila Gajdošová (2–6, 4–6). She received a wildcard to play alongside Storm Sanders at the doubles competition; in the first round, the team lost 4–6, 4–6 to Magdaléna Rybáriková/Stefanie Vögele in what was Dokic's final appearance in a rating event. Dokic kept a low profile following the end of her playing career. She was engaged

neg: Mining dissolve. Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits. Techniques of surface mining include: open-pit mining, which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground, quarrying, identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand, stone and clay; strip mining, which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal ore/seams underneath; and mountaintop removal, commonly associated with coal mining, which involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at depth. Most (but not all) placer deposits,

neg: Luke Smith (tennis) of a Grand Slam tournament, to Marcelo Rios at the 1997 US Open and Andrei Medvedev at the 1998 Australian Open. He twice reached the third round of the Australian Open men's doubles, with Lleyton Hewitt at the 1998 Australian Open and Paul Baccanello at the 2001 Australian Open. Luke Smith (tennis) Luke Smith (born 25 October 1976) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. Smith played collegiate tennis with the UNLV Rebels and won both the NCAA Division I singles and doubles titles in 1997. He defeated Southern California's George Bastl in the singles final. In the doubles

neg: Big Four (tennis) Grand Slam tournament final (the other being Federer) and the first to beat Nadal in a final on a surface other than grass. Their 2012 Australian Open encounter is considered by many to be the greatest match ever played and their 2013 French Open semifinal is considered the best clay court match ever played. Between 2011–12, they met in four consecutive Grand Slam tournament finals, just the second time in tennis history this has happened. In doing so, they also became the second pair in history, after Venus and Serena Williams, to meet in the finals of each of the

neg: Lusk Reservoir Lusk Reservoir Lusk Reservoir is located next to Michie Stadium at the United States Military Academy at West Point. It is open for fishing in the Spring and early Fall, and usually freezes over during the winter months. The volume of the reservoir is required knowledge of all freshmen (plebes) at the Military Academy. It is one aspect of what is known as 'Academy Heritage'. When asked the question: "How many gallons in Lusk Reservoir?" plebes are expected to respond " when the water is flowing over the spillway." Its surface elevation is 327 feet (100 m) above sea level.

neg: 1985 Australian Open Prix Masters from March to early December. As such, the next Australian Open was the 1987 Australian Open. 1985 Australian Open The 1985 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 74th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 25 November through 8 December 1985; the last to be held at this time of year. With the decision to hold the tournament in January in future, the next Australian Open would be the 1987 Open, held just over a year later. Stefan Edberg

neg: Kateryna Bondarenko born on 8 August 1986 in Kryvyi Rih, Ukrainian SSR (nowadays Ukraine) to father, Vladimir, and mother, Natalia. She was introduced to tennis at age 4 by her parents. She has two sisters, Valeria and Alona, both who used to play on the WTA Tour. Her favourite surface is hard court. In September 2011, Bondarenko married her coach, Denis Volodko. Their first child, Karin, was born in 2013. She speaks Ukrainian, Russian and English. Bondarenko began her season at the Hobart International. She lost in the first round to world No. 144 Anna Lapushchenkova 3-6, 4-6. At the Australian Open,

neg: Emmanuelle Gagliardi the WTA Tour ever since. In doubles, Gagliardi reached the semifinals of the 2003 Australian Open with Petra Mandula and won the 2004 China Open, a Premier tournament, with Dinara Safina. Emmanuelle Gagliardi Emmanuelle Gagliardi (born 9 July 1976) is a retired professional Swiss tennis player. She was coached by Marco Tarelli and her preferred surface was hardcourt. Gagliardi never won a WTA Tour singles title, but reached the semifinals of the 2002 Indian Wells Masters, losing to eventual champion Daniela Hantuchová in three sets. She was a member of the Switzerland Fed Cup team that reached the final in

neg: San Francisco fog its temperature. It is also the major source of nuclei for the condensation of moisture from vapor into cloud droplets. Moisture evaporated from the ocean surface over hundreds, even thousands of miles of the open Pacific is carried to California from various directions. This water vapor contributes to the development of what is called a marine layer near the surface of the ocean. Along the California coast, the prevailing current flows from the northwest and is cool owing to its origin in the North Pacific. Additional cooling occurs due to strong upwelling of cooler subsurface waters, especially along the immediate

neg: Seiko was on his wrist when the Apollo 11 crew touched down on the lunar surface, when the Apollo 13 explosion occurred, and throughout the remainder of his career at NASA. The watch was recently sold and is still in working order. On Friday January 10, 2014 on the eve of the Australian Open in Melbourne, Shinji Hattori, President of Seiko Watch Corporation, presented to Novak Djokovic a Seiko 5 limited edition worth $1700. It was launched worldwide with a million units, symbolizing Seiko's partnership with the world's no.1 professional tennis player. Seiko is also the official timekeeper of many major

neg: Eucla Basin are: Eucla Basin The Eucla Basin is an artesian depression located in Western Australia and South Australia. The onshore-offshore depression covers approximately 1,141,000 km² and slopes southward to an open bay known as the Great Australian Bight. It extends more than 500 km offshore and about 350 km inland from the coastline. The Eucla Basin is a Cenozoic basin consisting mostly of carbonate sediments and sedimentary rocks. The basin contains a sandstone aquifer at its base (confined), and an unconfined limestone aquifer. The surface area of the basin (and Nullarbor Plain) consists mostly of grazing and rangeland, but nickel and

neg: Eucla Basin Eucla Basin The Eucla Basin is an artesian depression located in Western Australia and South Australia. The onshore-offshore depression covers approximately 1,141,000 km² and slopes southward to an open bay known as the Great Australian Bight. It extends more than 500 km offshore and about 350 km inland from the coastline. The Eucla Basin is a Cenozoic basin consisting mostly of carbonate sediments and sedimentary rocks. The basin contains a sandstone aquifer at its base (confined), and an unconfined limestone aquifer. The surface area of the basin (and Nullarbor Plain) consists mostly of grazing and rangeland, but nickel and gold

neg: 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles first player in the Open Era to achieve a double career grand slam by winning this tournament. 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic

neg: Casey Dellacqua they reached the quarterfinals of the Australian Open for the second time, after wins over Kichenok/Kichenok, Hingis/Vandeweghe and Grönefeld/Peschke. Casey Dellacqua Casey Dellacqua ( ; born 11 February 1985) is a retired Australian professional tennis player of Italian and Irish descent. Dellacqua's best singles results on the WTA Tour have been semifinal appearances at the 2012 Texas Tennis Open and 2014 Birmingham Classic, a quarterfinal finish at the 2014 Indian Wells Masters and fourth round appearances at the 2008 Australian Open, the 2014 Australian Open and the 2014 US Open; she has also won 22 ITF singles titles. Dellacqua's career

neg: Kei Nishikori career statistics Kei Nishikori career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Japanese professional tennis player, Kei Nishikori. To date, Nishikori has won 11 ATP singles titles including a record four consecutive titles at the Memphis Open. Other highlights of Nishikori's career thus far include reaching the finals of the 2014 Mutua Madrid Open, 2016 Miami Open, 2016 Rogers Cup and 2014 US Open, semifinal appearances at the 2014 ATP World Tour Finals and 2016 US Open, in addition to quarterfinal finishes at the 2012 Australian Open, 2015 Australian Open, 2016 Australian Open and 2015 French Open. Nishikori

neg: Australian Open tournament director announced that the prize money was increased to A$26,000,000. It is the highest prize money for a tennis tournament. It was announced the prize money will be increased to AUD $40 million from 2015 onwards. The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the Australian Open through the years but presently players receive the following points: "Australian Open champions listed by event": The Australian Open is played at Melbourne Park, which is located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct; the

neg: Gamla Ullevi if the surface should be grass or artificial turf, and what the name of the stadium should be. The contractor, Higabgruppen, were reluctant to close the corners of the stadium, claiming a very tight budget and possible growth problems for the grass if that was chosen as surface. The original plan was to demolish Gamla Ullevi after the 2005 season, and to open the new stadium at the beginning of the 2007 season, but the plan was delayed and Gamla Ullevi was not torn down in 2005. Instead, new plans called for the demolishing of the old stadium a few

neg: Xu Yifan Australian Open and was a quarterfinalist at the 2016 French Open in women's doubles with Zheng Saisai. She was also a quarterfinalist in doubles at the Australian Open in 2017 with Raquel Atowa. In 2017, Xu won the Miami Open Women's Doubles and the Connecticut Open Women's Doubles with Gabriela Dabrowski. Xu partnered Dabrowski again in the 2017 US Open, with the pair reaching the quarterfinals. In 2018, the duo won the doubles at the 2018 Sydney International, then reached the quarterfinals in the 2018 Australian Open. Xu Yifan Xu Yifan (; ; born 8 August 1988 in Tianjin) is

neg: Lucie Šafářová Lucie Šafářová Lucie Šafářová (; born 4 February 1987) is a Czech professional tennis player from Brno. She has won seven WTA Tour singles titles and fifteen doubles titles. She reached her first Grand Slam quarterfinal at the 2007 Australian Open, upsetting defending champion Amélie Mauresmo in the fourth round, her first Grand Slam semifinal at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and her first Grand Slam final at the 2015 French Open. She also won the 2015 Australian Open, 2015 French Open, 2016 US Open, 2017 Australian Open and 2017 French Open women's doubles titles partnering with Bethanie Mattek-Sands. Šafářová plays