query: where does crater lake 's water come from

pos: Crater Lake Crater Lake Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a nearly -deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years. With

pos: Mount Mazama without which the lake would likely have overflowed at the northern side. Average snowfall in the Crater Lake area has been decreasing since the 1930s. Crater Lake's mean surface water temperatures have increased about since the 1960s. Though this may eventually cause algae to grow and obscure the water, Crater Lake remains one of the cleanest bodies of water in the world. Crater Lake National Park and the area surrounding Mount Mazama range in elevation from , providing diverse habitats. In the Cascades, the topography and elevation have influenced local climate patterns, also shaping global climate when volcanic gas and

pos: Crater Lake Crater Lake Crater Lake (Klamath: giiwas) is a crater lake in south-central Oregon in the western United States. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a nearly -deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years. With

pos: Crater Lake Lodge Crater Lake Lodge Crater Lake Lodge is a hotel built in 1915 to provide overnight accommodations for visitors to Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, USA. The lodge is located on the southwest rim of the Crater Lake caldera overlooking the lake below. The lodge is owned by the National Park Service, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Crater Lake lies inside a caldera created 7,700 years ago when the -high Mount Mazama collapsed following a large volcanic eruption. Over the following millennium, the caldera was filled with rain water forming today's lake. The Klamath

pos: Crater Lake National Park Mount Mazama and the relatively moist climate that is typical of the crest of the Cascade Range. The caldera rim ranges in elevation from . The United States Geological Survey benchmarked elevation of the lake surface is . The national park encompasses . Crater Lake has no streams flowing into or out of it. All water that enters the lake is eventually lost from evaporation or subsurface seepage. The lake's water commonly has a striking blue hue, and the lake is refilled entirely from direct precipitation in the form of snow and rain. Volcanic activity in this area is fed

pos: Ngorongoro Conservation Area two small wooded areas dominated by fever tree ("Vachellia xanthophloea"). The Munge Stream drains Olmoti Crater to the north, and is the main water source draining into the seasonal salt lake in the center of the crater. This lake is known by two names: "Makat" as the Maasai called it, meaning salt; and "Magadi". The Lerai Stream drains the humid forests to the south of the Crater, and it feeds the Lerai Forest on the crater floor - when there is enough rain, the Lerai drains into Lake Magadi as well. Extraction of water by lodges and NCA headquarters reduces

pos: Pingualuit crater The deep Pingualuk Lake fills the hollow, and is one of the deepest lakes in North America. The lake also holds some of the purest fresh water in the world, with a salinity level of less than 3 ppm (the salinity level of the Great Lakes is 500 ppm). The lake has no inlets or apparent outlets, so the water accumulates solely from rain and snow and is only lost through evaporation. It is one of the most transparent lakes in the world, with a Secchi disk visible more than deep. The crater was formed by a meteorite impact 1.4

neg: Holden (Martian crater) The crater's rim is cut with gullies, and at the end of some gullies are fan-shaped deposits of material transported by water. The crater is of great interest to scientists because it has some of the best-exposed lake deposits. One of the layers has been found by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to contain clays. Clays only form in the presence of water. There are two unit of sediments in the crater. The lower unit formed in a large lake. It is believed the lake waters originated from the crater walls/or groundwater. Water from the crater walls may have come from

neg: Crater lake greenish color. For example, the crater lake of Kawah Ijen in Indonesia has a pH of under 0.5. Lakes located in dormant or extinct volcanoes tend to have fresh water, and the water clarity in such lakes can be exceptional due to the lack of inflowing streams and sediment. Crater lakes form as the created depression, within the crater rim, is filled by water. The water may come from precipitation, groundwater circulation (often hydrothermal fluids in the case of volcanic craters) or melted ice. Its level rises until an equilibrium is reached between the rates of incoming and outgoing water.

neg: Crater lake the radioactive Lake Chagan in Kazakhstan. Some geomorphological features, when filled with water, can sometimes be confused with crater lakes: Some circular open-pit mines can also present a similar appearance, such as Big Hole in Kimberley, South Africa, a diamond mine (in a kimberlite pipe) where water has accumulated in the artificially created depression. Crater lake A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite, or in the crater left

neg: Masaya crater lake named "Apoyo". which is part of the Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve. This lake is a popular attraction in the area, and is host to several hostels and small resorts. Apoyo's crater measures four miles wide and over 656 feet deep. Major activities include fishing, water sports and scuba diving. Archaeological researchers have found evidence of pre-colonial occupation. Coyotepe is an old fortress located on a sharp hill from where it takes its name which has now been converted into a museum. Built at the turn of the 20th century by President José S Celaya, this site witnessed a

neg: Rahe (crater) km deep in places, and was created by a low angle impact which is evident by its elongated shape and ejecta deposit in the shape of a “butterfly.” Rahe Crater is believed to once have held a lake. The lake was formed because heat from the nearby volcano Ceraunius Tholus melted glaciers. Melt water first collected in the caldera of Cerunius Tholus, and then spilled over the caldera rim forming a valley and the lake in Rahe Crater. The valley that carried the water was about 200 m wide. A delta formed where the valley entered Rahe Crater. This type

neg: Geology of the Auckland Region in the north, and contains around 50 vents. The field contains many maar craters, generated by eruptions where the magma encountered water, and a series of explosive eruptions produced a large crater, surrounded by a tuff ring. Examples include Lake Pupuke, Onepoto, Tuff Crater, Orakei Basin, Pukaki Lagoon, etc. Many of the craters have been breached by the sea, and are now filled with mud. The eruption of Lake Pupuke caused the Wairau River, which used to come out around Little Shoal Bay, to change its course to north of Milford. Dry fire-fountaining eruptions have produced scoria cones. Examples include

neg: Lake Apo Lake Apo Lake Apo is a crater lake in Barangay Guinoyoran in the city of Valencia in Bukidnon province in the Philippines. It is located in a hilly area about in elevation, about WSW of the city "poblacion" (town center). Lake Apo was awarded the cleanest inland body of water in Northern Mindanao Region (Region X) in the late 1990s. The green body of water has an estimated area of with maximum depths reaching up to . The name of the lake come from the bisaya term "apo", meaning elder or grandparent. According to legend, there was a man living

neg: Battle Ground Lake State Park Battle Ground Lake State Park Battle Ground Lake State Park is a public recreation area located northeast of the city of Battle Ground, Washington. The state park is covered by an evergreen forest centered around a crater lake of volcanic origin. The park is managed by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. The park is the site of a volcano in the Boring Lava Field where a magma-induced steam explosion 105,000 years ago made a large bean-shaped crater, a maar, which later filled with water, forming a crater lake. The lake was the site of a resort dating from

neg: Lagoa do Fogo in the lake, one to the western crater rim in Barrosa, and the other in the south-southeast. The lake is maintained from mainly, direct precipitation over the caldera and from superficial run-off from the watersheds, where nutrient infiltration is common. The lake's waters support local aquifers in the lowlands and provide potable water to the settlements in the southern flanks of the caldera. From the west to south, the crater is covered in brush and scrub, while in the east and north (where declives are minor) the vegetation is much denser and covered in some forest. Between the crater wall

neg: Oudemans (crater) Oudemans (crater) Oudemans is a crater on Mars, approximately 90 kilometers in diameter, named after Dutch astronomer Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (1827–1906). Oudemans Crater is an example of very pristine morphology since small features in its ejecta and on its floor are preserved. Being young, it does not display water erosion on its rim. Unlike some craters, Oudemans Crater does not have alluvial fans on its floor. In places, its rim has a terrace. It is located in the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle at 10.0 deg S, 92.1 deg W. This location puts it near the intersection of Noctis Labyrinthus and

neg: Jezero (crater) needed. Geologists hope to examine places where water once ponded. They would like to examine sediment layers. In November 2018, Jezero crater was selected as the planned landing site for the Mars 2020 rover mission. Jezero (crater) Jezero ( or ) is a crater on Mars located at in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about . Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays. The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point

neg: Lakes on Mars surface in places are cracked into polygonal patterns. Such shapes often form when clay dries out. Researchers described in a paper, released in March 2015, how an ancient Martian lake system existed in Jezero Crater. The study advanced the idea that water filled the crater at least two separate times. There are two channels on the northern and western sides of the crater that probably supplied it with water; both of these channels have delta-like deposit where sediment was carried by water and deposited in the lake. Pictures show layers and meanders. A primary aim of the Mars 2020 mission

neg: Hole-in-the-Ground Hole-in-the-Ground Hole-in-the-Ground is a large maar (volcanic explosion crater) in the Fort Rock Basin of Lake County, central Oregon, northeast of Crater Lake, near Oregon Route 31. It is about across, a little longer N-S than E-W. Its floor is about below the surrounding ground level and has a rim that rises above, the highest point on the east side. The crater formed during the late Pleistocene, between 13,500 and 18,000 years ago, at which time the Fort Rock Basin was a lake and the location was near the shore. Basaltic magma intruding near the surface flashed ground water to

neg: Mulyeongari-Oreum water in the crater-lake changes by the seasons. In the dry season, the crater-lake maintains lower level which makes the area have wetland personalities. The organic materials flow down the slope around the wetland and gather the bottom of the crater which the wetland is located. The wetland displays the distinctive layer of floras. In terms of bio-diversity, the wetland does not show wide bio-diversity. The wetland also exhibits the characteristics of the wetlands in temperate climate zone and high moor due to the height of the mountain (508m), which Mulyeongari-oreum is located. The wetland forms a closed ecosystem due

neg: Volcán de Agua Maya and colonial archeological monuments, and climbed the Volcán de Agua; she wrote a book called "A Glimpse at Guatemala" where she explains that water from the volcano crater could not have destroyed the old Santiago: The cause of this catastrophe is usually said to have been the bursting of the side of a lake which had been formed in the crater of the extinct Volcán de Agua; but an examination of the crater shows this explanation to be improbable, as the break in the crater-wall is in an opposite direction, and no water flowing from it could have reached

neg: Lakes on Mars outflow system. Studies of the whole region around Holden Crater have resulted in an understanding of a complex sequence of events that shaped the crater, which included two different lakes. A large series of rivers called the Uzboi-Ladon-Morava (ULM) system drained water from the Argyre Basin, site of a large lake. When an impact occurred and produced Holden Crater, the system was blocked by a crater rim almost a kilometer in height. Eventually water from drainage from the walls, with possibly a contribution from groundwater, collected to make the first lake. This lake was deep and long lasting. The lowest

neg: Crater Lake National Park indigo body of water "Deep Blue Lake" and the place on the southwest side of the rim where he first saw the lake later became known as Discovery Point. But gold was more on the minds of settlers at the time and the discovery was soon forgotten. The suggested name later fell out of favor by locals, who preferred the name "Crater Lake". William Gladstone Steel devoted his life and fortune to the establishment and management of a national park at Crater Lake. His preoccupation with the lake began in 1870. In his efforts to bring recognition to the park,

neg: Inferno Crater Lake is full, which is also when it reaches its highest temperature. Since 1901 the lake occupying Inferno Crater has exhibited water-level variations closely associated with the Waimangu Geyser cycle. Inferno Crater Lake and its neighbouring Frying Pan Lake form a unique relationship and follow an interconnected rhythmic cycle of hydrology variations repeating itself over the course of roughly 38 days. When the water level and temperature of Inferno Crater Lake increase, the water level and outflow of Frying Pan Lake decrease. Comparable cyclic activity is unknown in other hydrothermal systems in the world. The system has been the subject of

neg: Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle Crater is believed to have once been a lake. Actually, it is now believed that it held two lakes. The first was longer lived and was formed from drainage within the crater and precipitation. The last lake began when water damed up in Uzboi Vallis broke through a divide, then rapidly drained into Holden Crater. Because there are rocks meters in diameter on the crater floor, it is thought it was a powerful flood when water flowed into the crater. Eberswalde Crater contains a delta. There is a great deal of evidence that Miyamoto Crater once contained rivers and lakes.

neg: Jezero (crater) Jezero (crater) Jezero ( or ) is a crater on Mars located at in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. The diameter of the crater is about . Thought to have once been flooded with water, the crater contains a fan-delta deposit rich in clays. The lake in the crater was present when valley networks were forming on Mars. Besides having a delta, the crater shows point bars and inverted channels. From a study of the delta and channels, it was concluded that the lake did not experience times when the water went down. It probably formed when there was continual surface

neg: Inferno Crater Lake water down a temporary overflow stream into Waimangu Stream in the valley below. The last stage sees the lake recede to its low level over the last 13 days of the cycle, its water temperature also falling to the low point. During that stage, around 30 million liters of water drain back under Mt Haszard. Inferno Crater Lake is accessible via a side track with 50 steps off the main Waimangu walking track. It is one of three lakes filling craters created in the vicinity during the 1886 event. Inferno Crater Lake Inferno Crater Lake is a large hot spring

neg: Noachian that large lakes had to be present inside the crater at least temporarily for the water to reach a high enough level to breach the opposing crater rim. Deltas or fans are commonly present where a valley enters the crater floor. Particularly striking examples occur in Eberswalde Crater, Holden Crater, and in Nili Fossae region (Jezero Crater). Other large craters (e.g., Gale Crater) show finely layered, interior deposits or mounds that probably formed from sediments deposited on lake bottoms. Much of the northern hemisphere of Mars lies about 5 km lower in elevation than the southern highlands. This dichotomy has

neg: Mount Mazama glaciated have since been covered by more recent lava flows. Crater Lake formed from a network of lakes and ponds, eventually reaching a depth of . Lake levels rose while the Wizard Island landform inside the crater was forming. Water interacted with lava flows to form pillow lava. Because of climate change patterns over time, Crater Lake's surface level has changed, dropping as much as for example at the beginning of the 1900s. The water from precipitation nearly equals water lost to evaporation and drainage, most leakage taking place at the Wineglass deposit at the northern side of the crater,

neg: Lakes on Mars It is suspected that great amount of water went through this area; one flow was caused by a body of water larger than Earth's Lake Huron. This happened when water burst through a crater rim that was damming it. Holden is an old crater, containing numerous smaller craters, many of which are filled with sediment. Indeed, over 150 m of sediment is exposed in Holden Crater, especially in southwestern part of the crater. The crater's central mountain is also obscured by sediment. Much of the sediment probably originated from river and lake deposits. Holden Crater is in the Uzboi-Landon-Morava (ULM)

neg: Lake Smerdiacheje Lake Smerdiacheje Lake Smerdiacheje (Озеро Смердячье - "lake which smells bad") is a small lake in Moscow Oblast of Russia near Shatura 4 km north from the nearest village Bakhscheevo (Бакшеево). The Lake is situated in a pine forest. It is round (diameter 300–400 m.) and appeared thousands years ago as a meteor crater. Depth is 35–40 meters. The condition of the lake is slowly degrading. The water, here is changing colour, level and purity with seasons and years, pine trees come very close to the shore of the lake. Smerdiachee is surrounded with a wall-like ring which is common

neg: Lake Carnegie (Western Australia) is reduced to a muddy marsh. In 1973 Tropical Cyclone Kerry crossed the north-west coast and moved south-west as far as the northern goldfields. Nearby pastoral leases such as Windidda Station received falls of and Prenti Downs received over a four-day period. The run-off was enormous, causing widespread flooding, with the Lake overflowing, leaving the area between Carnegie and Wiluna being described as "one huge lake". Water entering the lake, unlike in more easterly "playa"s of the Australian arid zone, does not come from well-defined river channels since the soils of the region are so weathered – lacking tectonic or

neg: Jezero (crater) times. There are two channels on the northern and western sides of the crater that probably supplied it with water; both of these channels have delta-like deposit where sediment was carried by water and deposited in the lake. Craters of a given diameter are expected to have a certain depth; a depth less than expected means sediment has entered the crater. Calculations suggest that the crater may hold about one kilometer of sediments. Most of the sediments may have been brought in by channels. Jezero crater, once considered a site for the Mars Science Laboratory, was later proposed as a

neg: Inferno Crater Lake up to the overflow level, and the lake's colour is a result of finely divided silica suspended in the water. At low water levels the lake can be a dull grey colour, changing to an intensely sky blue colour at higher lake levels, in particular after the overflow stage. Inferno Crater was blasted out of the side of the locally prominent Mt Haszard as part of the 1886 Mount Tarawera eruption, which opened several craters along a rift stretching southwest from Mount Tarawera to the nearby Southern Crater. Inferno Crater's trumpet-shaped lake bed is up to deep when the lake

neg: Nirgal Vallis valley heads is like cirques on the Earth. Water from Nirgal Vallis contributed to a great flood that went through the rim of Holden Crater and helped form a lake in the crater. It's estimated that Nirgal Vallis had a discharge of 4800 cubic meters/second. Water from Nirgal Vallis was inbounded in Uzboi Vallis because the rim of Holden Crater blocked the flow. At a certain point the stored water broke through the rim of Holden and created a lake 200–250 m deep. Water with a depth of at least 50 m entered Holden at a rate that 5-10 times

neg: Lake Oku clawed frog are small, with males growing to an average of 28–31 mm and females 32–36 mm. The name results from the claws at the ends of its two hind feet. Its back is brown, the belly is speckled black on an orange background. These frogs also have an unusually high number of chromosomes, 12 sets. It is fully aquatic, never observed to come out of the water. The Lake Oku clawed frog lives exclusively in Lake Oku, a small crater lake in northwest Cameroon. The Lake Oku clawed frog was assessed to be critically endangered during the IUCN's 2004 Global Amphibian

neg: Aguas Calientes (volcano) altitude is found on the northern flank. It extends down to the valley north of Aguas Calientes and intersects the youngest lavas of the volcano. The volcano has a well formed summit crater. A small crater lake is found within the Aguas Calientes summit crater, making it one of the highest lakes in the world at an altitude of . The lake has a surface area of and is tinged red from a population of microorganisms. The lake water is acidic and is frequently influenced by activity from Lascar, with winds carrying sulfuric acid and water vapour clouds to the

neg: Mount Hypipamee Crater loud bang when the rock hits the surface of the water and the noise echos up the sides. Dinner Falls at the head of the upper Barron River gorge is also part of this park. It was once thought that "The Crater", Lake Eacham and Lake Barrine were all connected underground with water tunnels, but this is incorrect. Local legend once said that an aboriginal woman once fell over the side into the crater and later surfaced in Lake Eacham. Mount Hypipamee Crater The Mount Hypipamee Crater, also known as The Crater is a huge diatreme located south-east of Herberton

neg: Lake Bosumtwi asserts that the possible origin of the impactor is an asteroid coming from the middle main-belt at a high inclination (>17 degrees). Before the asteroid impact, the area was a lush rainforest filled with animals. Following the impact, the resulting crater filled with water forming Lake Bosumtwi. Periods of heavy rainfall filled the crater with water, causing the lake level to rise above the lowest points of the rim. Such periods are evidenced from fossils of fish found on hilltops. Water even flowed from the basin through an overflow channel. However, there were also times when the water level was

neg: Lake Balinsasayao continuing struggle as surrounding forests are exploited for timber and charcoal production. The uncontrolled cutting of timber by slash-and-burn farmers or "kaingineros" is reducing the inflow of water to the lakes and causing a fall in water levels. Also, since the lakes are situated near Energy Development Corporation (EDC)'s Southern Negros Geothermal Field in Valencia, the forest surrounding the lakes are under threat from constant geothermal drilling. A co-management plan for geothermal preservation has been drafted by the DENR-PENRO, EDC, and the local governments of Valencia and Sibulan. Lake Balinsasayao Lake Balinsasayao is one of three crater lakes rising above

neg: 1257 Samalas eruption the lake and has erupted 15 times since 1847. A crater lake may have already existed on Samalas before the eruption and supplied its phreatomagmatic phase with of water. Alternatively, the water could have come from aquifers. A collapse structure cuts into Rinjani's slopes facing the Samalas caldera. The eruption that formed the caldera was first recognized in 2003, and in 2004 a volume of was attributed to this eruption. Early research considered that the caldera-forming eruption occurred between 1210 and 1300. In 2013, Lavigne suggested that the eruption occurred in May–October 1257, resulting in the climate changes of 1258.

neg: Crater lake Crater lake A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite, or in the crater left by an artificial explosion caused by humans. Sometimes lakes which form inside calderas are called caldera lakes, but often this distinction is not made. Crater lakes covering active (fumarolic) volcanic vents are sometimes known as volcanic lakes, and the water within them is often acidic, saturated with volcanic gases, and cloudy with a strong

neg: Lonar Lonar Lonar is a town and municipal council in Buldhana district of Vidarbha region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The town is the headquarter of Lonar taluka and is located near Mehkar. Lonar is famous for Lonar crater and Lonar Lake, which is located at . It is a meteorite crater created in the Pleistocene Epoch. The crater contains salt water lake is 1.8 km in diameter and is about 137 m below the level of the crater rim. A small fresh water stream drains into the lake. Due to evaporite effects, the lake is mineral rich and salty

neg: Huygens (crater) Huygens (crater) Huygens is an impact crater on Mars named in honour of the Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens. The crater is approximately in diameter and can be found at 304.42°W 13.88°S, in the Iapygia quadrangle. Scientists were delighted to see branched channels in pictures taken with spacecraft that were sent in orbit around Mars. The existence of these channels is strong evidence that much water once flowed on the surface of the planet. Simple organisms may have once lived where water once was. An excellent group of these channels is shown in the picture below from the

neg: Lipik (crater) 2006, found that large amounts of ice should accumulate in the Hellas region, in the same places like Lipik Crater where glaciers are observed. Water is transported from the south polar area to northern Hellas and falls as precipitation. Lipik (crater) Lipik Crater is a crater in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, located at 38.42° S and 248.43° W. It is 56 km in diameter and was named after Lipik, a town in Croatia. Close-up pictures of the crater show glacial features. The crater is not very deep, so much ice and dust may have accumulated over the years. If

neg: Holden (Martian crater) lake. This lake was deep and long lasting. The lowest level of sedimentary rocks was deposited in this lake. Much water was inbounded in Uzboi Vallis because the rim of Holden Crater blocked the flow. Some of the backed up water came from Nirgal Vallis which had a discharge of 4800 cubic meters/second. At a certain point the stored water broke through the rim of Holden and created a second, shorter lived lake 200–250 m deep. Water with a depth of at least 50 m entered Holden at a rate that 5-10 times the discharge of the Mississippi River. Terraces

neg: Mount Ruapehu Code from Green to Yellow (elevated unrest above the known background). Ruapehu's Volcanic Alert Level remained at level 1 (signs of volcanic unrest). The Volcanic Aviation Colour Code was changed because a sustained period of high water temperatures in the Crater Lake (approximately 38 - 39 °C) was observed and because changes were observed in volcanic gas output, seismic activity and Crater Lake water chemistry. On 16 November, GNS Science volcanologists warned that pressure was likely building up beneath Crater Lake, and that an eruption in the coming weeks or months is more likely than normal. The aviation colour code

neg: Lonar Lake water, but the water from the centre and the edges is perfectly fresh. Lonar Lake lies within the only known extraterrestrial impact crater found within the great Deccan Traps basaltic formation of India. The lake was initially believed to be of volcanic origin, but now it is recognized as an impact crater created by the hypervelocity impact of either a comet or an asteroid. The presence of plagioclase that has been either converted into maskelynite or contains planar deformation features (PDFs) has confirmed the impact origin of this crater. It is argued that only shock metamorphism caused by hypervelocity impact

neg: Frying Pan Lake water of pH 8.2 to 8.7. This leads to various gradients of pH levels, which govern which types of algae are present, the blue-green algae "Mastigocladus laminosus", or the eukaryotic algae "Cyanidium caldarium". The unique cyclic nature of the hydrothermal system interconnecting Frying Pan Lake and the nearby Inferno Crater Lake has been the subject of studies since monitoring equipment was installed in 1970 at the outflow stream from Frying Pan Lake and at Inferno Crater Lake. Both lakes' water levels and overflow volumes follow a complicated rhythm that repeats itself roughly every 38 days. When the water level and

neg: Timoga Spring possibilities for these waters. Timoga Spring Timoga Springs is a group of springs located at Timoga-Buru-un, in Iligan City, Philippines. It is well known for icy-cool, crystal-clear springs that flow freely to swimming pools of different sizes. There are approximately five spring resorts along the highway, which is easily accessible by land to all locals and tourists. The source of water of Timoga Springs comes from Lake Lanao in the only Islamic city in the Philippines--Marawi City, Lanao del Sur—which is 37 kilometers away. Lake Lanao waters come from a volcanic source, the lake being the crater of an extinct

neg: Timoga Spring Timoga Spring Timoga Springs is a group of springs located at Timoga-Buru-un, in Iligan City, Philippines. It is well known for icy-cool, crystal-clear springs that flow freely to swimming pools of different sizes. There are approximately five spring resorts along the highway, which is easily accessible by land to all locals and tourists. The source of water of Timoga Springs comes from Lake Lanao in the only Islamic city in the Philippines--Marawi City, Lanao del Sur—which is 37 kilometers away. Lake Lanao waters come from a volcanic source, the lake being the crater of an extinct volcano. These waters are

neg: Crater lake While many crater lakes are picturesque, they can also be deadly. Gas discharges from Lake Nyos (Cameroon) suffocated 1,800 people in 1986, and crater lakes such as Mount Ruapehu's (New Zealand) often contribute to destructive lahars. Certain bodies of water, although their formation is directly related to volcanic activity, are not usually referred to as crater lakes, including: Lakes can also fill impact craters, but these are not usually referred to as crater lakes. Examples include Manicouagan in Canada, Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana and Siljan in Sweden. More rarely they can also fill craters caused by artificial explosions, such as

neg: Lake and streams or subsequent filling of abandoned excavations by either ground water, precipitation, or a combination of both. Meteorite lakes, which are also known as crater lakes, are lakes created by catastrophic extraterrestrial impacts by either meteorites or asteroids. Examples of meteorite lakes are Lonar crater lake, India, Lake Elgygytgyn, and Pingualuit crater lake, Quebec, Canada, As in case of Lake El'gygytgyn and Pingualuit crater lake, meteorite (extraterrestrial impact/ crater) lakes can contain unique and scientifically valuable sedimentary deposits associated with long records of paleoclimatic changes. In addition to mode of origin, lakes have been named and classified in various

neg: Lonar is unique and simple but spicy. Lonar Lonar is a town and municipal council in Buldhana district of Vidarbha region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The town is the headquarter of Lonar taluka and is located near Mehkar. Lonar is famous for Lonar crater and Lonar Lake, which is located at . It is a meteorite crater created in the Pleistocene Epoch. The crater contains salt water lake is 1.8 km in diameter and is about 137 m below the level of the crater rim. A small fresh water stream drains into the lake. Due to evaporite effects, the

neg: Lake Chagan Lake Chagan Lake Chagan (or Lake Balapan), Kazakhstan, is a lake created by the Chagan nuclear test fired on January 15, 1965, part of the Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. A 140 kiloton device was placed in a deep hole in the dry bed of the Chagan River. The blast created a crater across and deep with a lip height of .; it is often referred to as "Atomic Lake". The lake's water comes from the Chagan River (tributary of Irtysh River). The crater lake's . To the south, the rim of the crater holds back the waters of

neg: Inferno Crater Lake Inferno Crater Lake Inferno Crater Lake is a large hot spring located in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley on the North Island of New Zealand, and the largest geyser-like feature in the world. The actual geyser is not visible, as it plays underwater at the bottom of the lake, however, fumaroles are visible on the lake's shore and the rock wall behind it. The water temperature in the lake ranges from , with acidity up to pH 2.2, and lake levels that vary up to , following a complicated 38-day cycle that includes an overflow stage. White silica deposits grow

neg: Taal Volcano of sulfur was perceptible at the volcano, which came from the gases that escape from the crater. Great changes took place in the crater after the eruption. Before 1911, the crater floor was higher than Taal lake and had several separate openings in which were lakes of different colors. There was a green lake, a yellow lake, a red lake and some holes filled with hot water from which steam issued. Many places were covered with a shaky crust of volcanic material, full of crevices, which was always hot and on which it was rather dangerous to walk. Immediately after

neg: Mount Mazama eruptions like the climactic eruption are unlikely for thousands of years. Similarly, the release of lethal gases like carbon dioxide from Crater Lake, similar to the eruption from Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986, is unlikely as a result of the natural mixing of deep and surface water within the lake. There is no known mechanism by which Crater Lake's water could be catastrophically drained or by which the caldera walls would fail suddenly. Even minor hydrothermal explosions could potentially be dangerous, as the ejection of ballistic blocks or tall waves could threaten people standing near the lake, traveling at

neg: Windsborn Crater Lake Windsborn Crater Lake Windsborn Crater Lake () is a water-filled volcanic crater in the Eifel mountains in Germany. It is located near Bettenfeld in the county of Bernkastel-Wittlich and in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and belongs to a group of four craters known as the Mosenberg Crater Row ("Reihenkrater Mosenberg"), named after the village of Mosenberg. The Windsborn Crater Lake lies in the southwestern part of the Volcanic Eifel within the Volcanic Eifel Nature Park. It is situated 1.2 kilometres east of the village church of Bettenfeld on the north-northwestern part of the Mosenberg hill () just below the contour.

neg: Frying Pan Lake Frying Pan Lake Frying Pan Lake (renamed Waimangu Cauldron in 1963 though not widely used) is the world's largest hot pool. It is located in the Echo Crater of the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, New Zealand and its acidic water maintains a temperature of about . Echo Crater was formed as part of the 1886 Mount Tarawera eruption, which opened several craters along a rift stretching southwest from Mount Tarawera to the nearby Southern Crater. After this event, the crater's floor partly filled with rainwater and heated groundwater, but it was not until after a large eruption in Echo Crater

neg: Taal Volcano the explosion, the vari-colored lakes had disappeared and in their place was one large lake, about ten feet below the level of the lake surrounding the island. The crater lake gradually rose until it is on a level with the water in Taal Lake. Opinions after the creation of the lake that the presence of the water in the crater has a tendency to cool off the material below and thus lessen the chances of an explosion or make the volcano extinct, but the preponderance of expert opinion was otherwise.(The subsequent eruption in 1965 and succeeding activities came from a

neg: Holden (Martian crater) among the top 8 sites still in the running for the landing. Studies of the whole region around Holden Crater have resulted in an understanding of a complex sequence of events that shaped the crater, which included two different lakes. A large series of rivers called the Uzboi-Ladon-Morava (ULM) system drained water from the Argyre Basin, site of a large lake. When an impact occurred and produced Holden Crater, the system was blocked by a crater rim almost a kilometer in height. Eventually water from drainage from the walls, with possibly a contribution from groundwater, collected to make the first

neg: McLaughlin (Martian crater) McLaughlin (Martian crater) McLaughlin Crater is an old crater in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at . It is in diameter and deep. The crater was named after Dean B. McLaughlin, an American astronomer (1901-1965). The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has found evidence that the water came from beneath the surface between 3.7 billion and 4 billion years ago and remained long enough to make carbonate-related clay minerals found in layers. McLaughlin Crater, one of the deepest craters on Mars, contains Mg-Fe clays and carbonates that probably formed in a groundwater-fed alkaline lake. This type of lake could have

neg: Lakes on Mars for such a lake is the presence of benches at the level that models show is where the lake level should be. Also, the low point in Eos Chasma where water would be expected to overflow is marked by fluvial features. The features look as if the flow came together in a small area and caused significant erosion. The Hellas quadrangle contains part of the Hellas Basin, the largest known impact crater on the surface of Mars and the second largest in the Solar System. The depth of the crater is 7152 m (23,000 ft) below the standard topographic datum

neg: Rim Village Historic District the original Rim Village design. The most important path is the "Rim Promenade" constructed between 1928 and 1932. It follows the crater rim approximately from the Garfield Peak trailhead east of Crater Lake Lodge to a point at the west end of Rim Village. View points along the Promenade provide excellent vistas of Crater Lake's blue water, Wizard Island, and the high caldera walls that surround the lake. Various spur pathways provide access to the Crater Lake Lodge, Sinnott Memorial, Rim Village Plaza, and parking areas. Rim Village is located in the Cascade Mountains, above sea level. In the Rim

neg: Cassini (Martian crater) inflow and outflow channels have been observed on its rim. The lake would have contained more water than Earth's Lake Baikal, our largest freshwater lake by volume. Many craters once contained lakes. Cassini (Martian crater) Cassini is a crater on Mars named in honour of the Italian astronomer Giovanni Cassini. The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. Attached to the crater in the north is the smaller Luzin, further east is Flammarion and further southwest is another prominent crater named Pasteur but smaller. Next to the crater in the

neg: Crater Hill Crater Hill Crater Hill is one of the volcanoes of the Auckland volcanic field. It consists of an explosion crater about 600m wide, partly filled with water. Late in the eruption sequence lava welled up inside the explosion crater creating a lava lake. This lake began cooling on the surface and around the edge, creating a solid basalt crust. When the molten lava withdrew back down the volcano's throat, the crust surface collapsed, creating the island in the middle of the present lake, and some of the solid basalt was left around the inside walls of the crater marking the

neg: Kelud November 4 from 45.9 degrees Celsius on November 3. The extreme heat created a cloud of steam and smoke high. On November 5, new columns of smoke and steam erupted from the crater. Boiling water cascaded down the flanks of the mountain from the crater lake, and seismological equipment near the crater ceased working. Indonesian authorities said about 25,000 people remained in the danger zone, ignoring evacuation orders. The following day, a lava dome rose through the centre of the crater lake atop the mountain. Closed-circuit television cameras showed the long oblong island had pushed about above the surface of

neg: Mount Mazama cannot tolerate warm weather because their fur does not release heat efficiently. Climate change might be diminishing their food supply via disturbances of vegetation growth patterns. At least three pika populations in Oregon have disappeared within the past few decades. Likewise, as a result of climate change, mountain pine beetle infestations have become more frequent among Whitebark pines on the rim of Crater Lake and present on nearby peaks. The National Park Service estimates that roughly half of the whitebark pines in Crater Lake National Park have died or are dying. Because the ecosystem in Crater Lake is isolated from

neg: Todacheene Lake Todacheene Lake Todacheene Lake (Navajo: "tó dích'íi'nii", meaning "bitter water") is a small lake in the crater of the Narbona Pass volcano, in San Juan County, New Mexico, within the Navajo Nation. The lake has been stocked with rainbow trout. Todacheene Lake and Aspen, Berland and Toadlena lakes are designated for recreational use in the Shiprock area. There is a relatively easy cross-country ski trail along an old dirt road in the crater from BIA32 to Todacheene Lake, a round trip with a vertical gain of . The nearest populated place is Crystal, New Mexico, about from the lake to

neg: Lake Barrine Lake Barrine Lake Barrine is a freshwater lake situated on the eastern parts of Atherton Tableland in the locality of Lake Barrine, Tablelands Region, Far North Queensland, Australia, close to Lake Eacham. The lake and surrounds are protected within the Crater Lakes National Park and are accessible via the Gillies Highway. Lake Barrine was formed over 17,000 years ago when a large volcano erupted, leaving a crater that over time filled up with water to create a lake. The crater or maar was formed as a result of a series of volcanic explosions. These explosions were caused by the hot

neg: Klamath (steamboat) at that time was to run "Klamath" on the upper lake to connect with the state line that ran from Crystal Creek to Crater Lake, allowing travelers departing Klamath Falls to reach Crater Lake 12 hours later. The steamer was therefore transferred to upper Klamath Lake. A short water passage, called the Link River, ran from upper Klamath Lake to Lake Ewauna, along which lay the waterfront of Klamath Falls. However, the Link River was impassable to a large vessel like the Klamath. Transfer to the upper lake would require Klamath to be hauled overland. This was done by dredging

neg: Jezero (crater) crater. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identified smectite clays. Clays form in the presence of water, so this area probably once held water and maybe life in ancient times. The surface in places are cracked into polygonal patterns. Such shapes often form when clay dries out. These patterns can be seen in the image below. The image shows a channel that carried water and sediments into Jezero crater. Researchers described in a paper, released in March 2015, how an ancient Martian lake system existed in Jezero Crater. The study advanced the idea that water filled the crater at least two separate

neg: Newberry Volcano deep well was built to determine whether water directed into the hole might be heated and returned to the surface in order to yield energy. Newberry Volcano is visited by 250,000 people each year, who come to go fishing for trout in East Lake, to camp on Paulina Lake, or go mountain biking around the loop that surrounds the crater. The lakes are also popular for boating. At the Newberry National Volcanic Monument, camping, fishing, and hiking are popular, including on the Trail of the Molten Land, which follows a 7,000-year-old lava flow from Lava Butte, and the Trail of

neg: Mount Schank Mount Schank Mount Schank is a high volcanic cone in the southeast corner of South Australia, near Mount Gambier. It was sighted by James Grant on 3 December 1800 and named after Admiral John Schank, designer of Grant's ship, HMS "Lady Nelson". Mount Schank is part of the Newer Volcanics Province, which is the youngest volcanic field in Australia. Mount Schank erupted about 5,000 years ago, around the same time as Mount Gambier. It is a very basic ash cone and the base of the crater does not extend below the water table, so there is no crater lake as

neg: GVNML regardless of the long term environmental effects. Much of the GVNML operational area is downstream from Sambhar Salt Lake, where, unless ground water can be recharged farmers have to rely on salt water for irrigation. This water has high levels of Total Dissolved Solubles (TDS) leading to reduced soil fertility. These area specific problems are coupled with droughts leading to real challenges for sustainably managing natural resources. The community has been hit hard by the repercussions of declining agriculture. Against an average rainfall of 600 mm, Laporiya gets only 323 mm When the monsoon does come, it is essential to

neg: Crater Lake a depth of , the lake is the deepest in the United States. In the world, it ranks ninth for maximum depth, and third for mean (average) depth. Crater Lake is also known for the "Old Man of the Lake", a full-sized tree which is now a log that has been bobbing vertically in the lake for over a century. The low temperature of the water has slowed the decomposition of the wood, hence its longevity. Crater Lake features two small islands. Wizard Island, located near the western shore of the lake, is a cinder cone approximately 316 acres (128

neg: Hale (Martian crater) and caused water to flow in aquifers. Aquifers are layer that allow water to flow. They may consist of porous sandstone. This layer would be perched on top of another layer that prevents water from going down (in geological terms it would be called impermeable). The only direction the trapped water can flow is horizontally. The water could then flow out onto the surface when it reaches a break, like a crater wall. Aquifers are quite common on Earth. A good example is "Weeping Rock" in Zion National Park Utah. Hale (Martian crater) Hale is a crater at 35.7°S, 323.4°E

neg: Water on Mars been weathered by strong liquid currents. Their shape and orientation suggests long-distance transport from above the rim of the crater, where a channel named Peace Vallis feeds into the alluvial fan. Eridania Lake is a theorized ancient lake with a surface area of roughly 1.1 million square kilometers. Its maximum depth is 2,400 meters and its volume is 562,000 km. It was larger than the largest landlocked sea on Earth, the Caspian Sea and contained more water than all the other martian lakes together. The Eridania sea held more than 9 times as much water as all of North America's

neg: HiWish program to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior. The volume of water ice in the region were based on measurements from the ground-penetrating radar instrument on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, called SHARAD. From the data obtained from SHARAD, "dielectric permittivity", or the dielectric constant was determined. The dielectric constant value was consistent with a large concentration of water ice. A pedestal crater is a crater with its ejecta sitting above the surrounding terrain and thereby forming a raised platform (like a pedestal). They form when an impact crater ejects material which forms an erosion-resistant layer, thus causing the

neg: Todacheene Lake the west of the pass. Citations Sources Todacheene Lake Todacheene Lake (Navajo: "tó dích'íi'nii", meaning "bitter water") is a small lake in the crater of the Narbona Pass volcano, in San Juan County, New Mexico, within the Navajo Nation. The lake has been stocked with rainbow trout. Todacheene Lake and Aspen, Berland and Toadlena lakes are designated for recreational use in the Shiprock area. There is a relatively easy cross-country ski trail along an old dirt road in the crater from BIA32 to Todacheene Lake, a round trip with a vertical gain of . The nearest populated place is Crystal,

neg: Animal Treasure Island realizing that Silver wouldn't share with them anyway), Jim chases after Silver as he and his monkey helmsman, Spider, are climbing towards the top of an extinct volcano where the treasure is hidden. In the end Kathy sacrifices the final secret of recovering the treasure to save Jim's life, but it does no good to Silver; the mechanism he is told to trigger does not reveal the treasure immedialety, but instead serves to drain the island volcano's crater lake. Silver and Spider are swept out into the sea, and the lake drains to reveal Flint's sunken ship, where Jim, Gran,

neg: Oxia Palus quadrangle warm enough for liquid water to exist. In this new study, channels were discovered that connected lake basins near Ares Vallis. When one lake filled up, its waters overflowed the banks and carved the channels to a lower area where another lake formed. These lakes would be another place to look for evidence of present or past life. Aram Chaos is an ancient impact crater near the Martian equator, close to Ares Vallis. About across, Aram lies in a region called Margaritifer Terra, where many water-carved channels show that floods poured out of the highlands onto the northern lowlands ages

neg: Warhammer Fantasy (setting) Known in Khazalid as Varn Drazh. The lake is actually a vast crater, and was filled up with melted ice water from the surrounding snowy mountains. In ancient times a meteor fell from the heavens and punched this massive crater into the rock. Strangely, all around the lake can be found valuable metals and ores. Many Dwarf strongholds were founded around Black Water to mine and refine these meteoric ores, and to take advantage of the raging torrents gushing down the mountainside from the Black Falls, powering waterwheels and machinery. Its black depths are home to ancient and dark monsters.

neg: Mount Mazama Island edifice stayed above the water. The edifice has a lavaberg shape, as it sits above a larger, ovular pedestal rising above the floor of Crater Lake; just two percent of Wizard Island sits above the water surface. At the summit of the above-water cone, a small lava flow from a lava fountain appears, located on the southwestern flank. There is also a volcanic plug poking out of the crater floor as a body of dark lava. Lava blocks with diameters of can be seen along the rim of the crater, possibly produced from later stages of cone-building eruptions that

neg: Fumarole Butte Fumarole Butte Fumarole Butte is a shield volcano in Juab County, Utah. Built during the Quaternary period, it is composed of basaltic andesite. It stands in height and has a diameter of . Under the volcano lies Crater Bench, the result of an eruption of basaltic andesite. To the east of the volcano are a series of hot springs, known as Crater, Baker, or Abraham hot springs. The area where Fumarole Butte is located was once dominated by Lake Bonneville, a massive body of water that took up nearly . The lake was first created more than 800,000 years ago

neg: Water on Mars using the MARSIS radar on board the European "Mars Express" orbiter. The detected lake is centered at 193°E, 81°S, a flat area that does not exhibit any peculiar topographic characteristics but is surrounded by higher ground, except on its eastern side, where there is a depression. The SHARAD radar on board NASA's "Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter" has seen no sign of the lake, but the team will take another look to try to confirm the finding when its orbital parameters are favorable. It is unlikely that SHARAD will detect the lake, as it has much lower ground-penetrating abilities than MARSIS does.

neg: Kauhakō Crater parts of the lake contain brackish water and are full of oxygen, which is where most of the plants and animals of the lake live, including plankton, shrimp, and copepods. The lake's water quality is inspected by the National Park Service 4 times a year, which has occurred since 2009. In September 2011, the NPS saw that the surface of the lake was covered in a white layer, which revealed that hydrogen sulfide was floating to the surface of the lake and into the atmosphere. It is believed that this event occurred either due to a drought that caused the

neg: Crater Lake National Park then: Crater Lake National Park is reached by train on the Southern Pacific Railroad lines into Medford and Klamath Falls, at which stops motor stages make the short trip to the park. A hotel on the rim of the lake offers accommodations. For the motorist, the visit to the park is a short side trip from the Pacific and Dalles-California highways. He will find, in addition to the hotel, campsites, stores, filling stations. The park is open to travel from late June or July 1 for as long as snow does not block the roads, generally until October. The lake

neg: Lake Martignano Lake Martignano Lake Martignano (Italian: Lago di Martignano), is a small lake in Lazio, Italy north-north-west of Rome, in an extinct crater or maar. Administratively its coast is divided amongst the municipalities of Rome, Anguillara Sabazia and Campagnano di Roma. In ancient times Lake Martignano was part of southern Etruria and called Alsietinus Lacus. Augustus drew from it the Aqua Alsietina; the water was hardly fit to drink, and was mainly intended to supply his naumachia (lake made for a sham naval battle) at Rome, near San Francesco a Ripa, on the right bank of the Tiber, where some traces

neg: Crater Lake for any natural body of water. In 1997, scientists recorded a record clarity of . The lake has relatively high levels of dissolved salts, total alkalinity, and conductivity. The average pH has generally ranged between 7 and 8. The Klamath tribe of Native Americans, whose oral history describes their ancestors witnessing the collapse of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake, regard the lake as an "abode to the Great Spirit". Klamath oral history tells of a battle between the sky god Skell and the god of the underworld Llao (a prominent feature at Crater Lake is Llao Rock).

neg: Mahagnao Volcano heavily forested crater that opens to the south with a peak elevation of . Located on the volcano flanks are fumaroles and mudpots. On the southern flank of the volcano, two crater lakes are located, Lakes Danao and Malagsom. Hot Springs are located on the southern shore of Lake Danao (not to be confused with the other Lake Danao which is located near Ormoc City and part of Lake Danao Natural Park). Lake Malagsom is a crater lake with green acidic water. Rocks primarily found on the volcano are andesite. An eruption was reported to have occurred in 1895 Philippine

neg: Merel S. Sager 1933, he prepared a general plan for the Crater Lake headquarters area. His works at Crater Lake include the Sinnott Memorial Observation Station, Watchman Lookout Station, Comfort Station No. 72, and structures in the Munson Valley and Rim Village Historic Districts. At the time of the 1930 U.S. Census, he was living as a boarder in a home in San Francisco. He was identified as a landscape architect. As of 1933, he was an associate landscape architect with the National Park Service, Branch of Plans and Design, Western Division. In October 1933, he arrived in Hawaii where he worked on

neg: Von Kármán (Martian crater) water could be present for 38 sols (Martian days) in the warmer periods of the day. With the stronger sunshine of spring in certain regions, carbon dioxide gas jets shoot dark dust in the air. This dark dust will increase the absorption of light and cause the temperature to rise to where water can exist for short periods. Von Kármán (Martian crater) Von Kármán is an impact crater in the southwestern end of the Argyre quadrangle of Mars, located at 64.6°S latitude and 58.5°W longitude. It is 90.0 km in diameter and was named after Theodore von Kármán, and the

neg: Rampart crater craters and the smallest size for multiple-layered craters for each latitude. Remember the single-layered ejecta crater does not penetrate the icy layer, but the multiple-layered does. An average of those should give the thickness of the icy layer. From such an analysis, they determined that the icy layer or cryosphere varies from about 1.3 km (equator) to 3.3 km (poles). This represents a great deal of frozen water. It would be equal to 200 meters of water spread over the entire planet, if one assumes 20% pore space. The Phoenix lander confirmed the existence of large amounts of water ice

neg: Bulusan, Sorsogon covers a land area of 3,672 hectares. At the foot of the mountain is the equally popular Bulusan Lake, a scenic crater lake surrounded by a dense green forest and encircled by a concrete pathway. The lake is about 30 minutes drive through a paved winding road from the Bulusan town proper. Bulusan, which means "where water flows", is home to several springs and waterfalls that originate from the mountains of the National Park. Another Buluseño, Augusto Ortiz, rose to become provincial executive from 1968 to 1971. From the judiciary, he was tapped governor of Sorsogon anew by President Marcos

neg: Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle shows many signs of past water with evidence of lakes, deltas, ancient rivers, inverted channels, and chaos regions that released water. Margaritifer Sinus contains some of the longest lake-chain systems on Mars, perhaps because of a wetter climate, more groundwater, or some of each factor. The Samara/Himera lake-chain system is about 1800 km long; the Parara/Loire valley network and lake-chain system is about 1100 km long. A low area between Parana Valles and Loire Vallis is believed to have once held a lake. The 154 km diameter Holden Crater also once held a lake. Near Holden Crater is a graben,

neg: 2018 lower Puna eruption fissure 8 had reached Kapoho and Vacationland Hawaiʻi, where it then destroyed hundreds of houses as it buried most of the town within a day. Lava also entered the Puʻu Kapoho crater and evaporated the 400-year old Green Lake inside the crater, the largest natural freshwater lake in Hawai'i. The flow entered the ocean at Kapoho Bay at about 10:30 PM HST that evening, creating plumes of laze, and began to fill the bay, building a lava delta that reached about 700 yards into the water by late afternoon on June 4. By June 5, the lava had completely filled

neg: Lake Bosumtwi Lake Bosumtwi Lake Bosumtwi (rightly spelled Bosomtwe) is the only natural lake in Ashanti and Ghana. It is situated within an ancient impact crater that is about in diameter. It is about south-east of Kumasi the capital of Ashanti and is a popular recreational area. There are about 30 villages near crater lake Lake Bosumtwi, with a combined population of about 70,000 Ashanti people. The Ashanti consider Bosumtwi a sacred lake. According to traditional belief, the souls of the dead come here to bid farewell to the god Asase Ya. Because of this, it is considered permissible to fish in

neg: Bonneville (crater) Bonneville (crater) Bonneville is an impact crater on Mars. It is located within the much larger crater Gusev. Bonneville was visited by the Mars Exploration Rover "Spirit" in 2004, during its exploration of the floor of Gusev. Bonneville is also the final resting place of "Spirit"s heat shield, jettisoned during the landing procedure; the heat-shield could be seen glinting on the opposite wall when "Spirit" photographed the crater. The crater is 210 metres in diameter, 14 meters deep and its rim rises 6.4 metres above the surrounding terrain. Bonneville is named after Benjamin Bonneville and Lake Bonneville, an ancient lake