query: what is it called when the president and congress are from different parties

pos: Divided government in the United States effect, in which the success of a presidential candidate also leads to electoral success for other members of his or her party. In fact, all newly elected presidents except Zachary Taylor, Richard Nixon, and George H. W. Bush were accompanied by control of at least one house of Congress. Divided government in the United States In the United States,divided government describes a situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch. Divided government is seen by different groups as a benefit or as an undesirable product of the

neg: Federalist No. 61 people in the senate and congress easier. In addition, it would allow different approaches in congress, regarding political parties. However, some people did not like it because they wanted congress to be in their favor so that way when they would vote on things it would go their way, example, either towards the democrats or republicans. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson clearly show what happens when factions are formed within the government.Thanks to Hamilton and Jefferson's constant arguments in which they constantly opposed each other they help crystallized to form the first institutional American Party system. Jeffersonians became Democratic-Republicans and

neg: Drama theory form what is called a "threatened future" if they contradict some character's position; if they do not – i.e., if they implement every position – they form what is called an "agreement". When it is common knowledge among the characters that positions and stated intentions are seen by their presenters as 'final', the build-up ends and the parties reach a "moment of truth". Here they usually face "dilemmas" arising from the fact that their threats or promises are incredible or inadequate. Different dilemmas are possible depending on whether or not there is an agreement. If there is an agreement (i.e.,

neg: Commission on Appointments of the House of Representatives. Members from each House of Congress are elected based on proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented. The Chairman of the Commission shall vote only in case of a tie. It shall act on all appointments submitted within thirty session days of Congress. It shall be governed by a majority vote of all members. A president can either make a nomination or an appointment. Either action involves the commission. Most presidential actions are "ad interim" appointments, done when Congress is not in session. In these cases,

neg: Abortion in Argentina an affidavit of being raped is enough to allow a legal abortion. It also ruled that provincial governments should write protocols for the request and treatment of legal abortions in case of rape or life threat In early 2018, after years of lobbying by different groups, the Argentine Congress began working towards a draft project to legalize abortion and to potentially provide it free of charge in all national clinics. Opinions remained divided, with different points of view in all parties (the initial project was launched with 71 signatures from congress members from all parties). President Mauricio Macri encouraged the

neg: 2010 Sudanese general election On 26 April, President Bashir's party National Congress was officially declared the winner after Sudan's election commission announced he received 68% of the votes. While no full parliamentary election results are available, the National Congress Party won 306 of the 450 seats, and the SPLM won 99 seats. 45 seats went to smaller parties. Election observers from the Cordoba Initiative said the election, as a whole, could not have been called a failure. Although the group did say that "This election satisfied many purposes and was what can be expected from a country that hosts elections for the first time

neg: United Progressive Alliance different state governments run by the UPA. United Progressive Alliance The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a coalition of centre-left political parties in India formed after the 2004 general election. The largest member party of the UPA is the Indian National Congress, whose Former National President Sonia Gandhi is chairperson of the UPA. It formed a government with support from some other left-aligned parties in 2004. The UPA was formed soon after the 2004 general elections when it had become clear that no party had won an absolute majority. The hitherto ruling Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) had

neg: Spanish presidential transition Spain, the President is elected not by the people but for the Congress of the Deputies. In the General Elections, the different parties present a closed list of candidates to the Congress and people vote for each party and the full list. Normally, each party has his own candidate to presidency and this is normally, the leader of the closed list and the party. When the results come out, each party (if it has enough votes) wins seats () on the Congress in proportion to the number of votes. Following the general election of the Cortes Generales ("Cortes"), and other

neg: Sergio Osmeña no later than 30 April 1946. Prompted by this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election on 23 April 1946, and this was approved by President Osmeña on 5 January 1946. Three parties presented their respective candidates for the different national elective positions. These were the Nacionalista PartyConservative (Osmeña) Wing, the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party, and the Partido Modernista. The Nacionalistas had Osmeña and Senator Eulogio Rodriguez as their candidates for president and vice president respectively. The Modernistas chose Hilario Camino Moncado

neg: Congress Working Committee Congress Working Committee The Congress Working Committee (CWC) is the executive committee of the Indian National Congress. It typically consists of fifteen members elected from the All India Congress Committee. It is headed by the Working President. The Working Committee has had different levels of in the party at different times. In the period prior to independence in 1947, the Working Committee was the centre of power, and the Working President was frequently more active than the Congress President. In the period after 1967, when the Congress Party split for the first time (between factions loyal to Indira Gandhi and

neg: 1946 Philippine general election than April 30, 1946. Prompted by this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election on April 23, 1946, and was approved by President Osmeña on January 5, 1946. Three parties presented their respective candidates for the different national elective positions. These were the Nacionalista PartyConservative (Osmeña) Wing, the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party, and the Partido Modernista. The Nacionalistas had Osmeña and Senator Eulogio Rodriguez as their candidates for president and vice president, respectively. The Modernistas chose Hilario Camino Moncado and Luis Salvador

neg: Rasuwa District a famous tourist destination in Nepal. Sightseeing places including Gosaikunda Lake and Mt. Langtang plus one of the hot springs in Nepal (locally called "Tatopani") are located in the district. Following are five Rural Municipalities in Rasuwa District: Many leaders of different parties are here but only 5 mayors are here. Nepali Congress won 2 places, CPN UML won 2 place and Rastriya Prajatantrik Party won 1 seat/place. The first ever person who was elected in Rasuwa from Nepali Congress was Mr. Bal Chandra Poudel (2046 B.S). The history of other parties are not commeced yet but this district in

neg: 2009 Indian general election together parties that either allied with the Congress in various states, or were willing to support a Congress-led national government. Though the UPA never enjoyed a clear majority on its own in the 14th Lok Sabha, it managed to complete its five-year term from 2004 to 2009 by securing outside support from the left parties (CPI(M), CPI, AIFB, RSP), Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party at different times during this tenure. Following the August 2008 confidence vote victory for the current government, a statement by Congress President Sonia Gandhi caused speculation that the UPA would project Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

neg: Botswana National Front a problem in that the BDP often wins seats when all three parties are competitive. This occurs most often in urban areas. But the BDP also took seats from the BNF in rural constituencies where the BCP did not have a candidate. Otsweletse Moupo decided that he would not defend his position as party president and Duma Boko was elected as the new party president in July 2010. In 2013 congress that will be held in Gantsi, Comrade Monang will challenge Comrade Boko in what seems to be a David vs Goliath war. Botswana National Front The Botswana National Front

neg: Armenian National Congress Armenian National Congress The Armenian National Congress () is a political party in Armenia, led by former President Levon Ter-Petrosyan and formed in 2008. Its direct predecessor was the Pan-Armenian National Movement. It is often abbreviated as ՀԱԿ or HAK, in keeping with its Armenian spelling, but it is occasionally referred to as the ANC in English-language media, including in its official website. From 2008 to 2013 it was a coalition of 13 opposition parties. In 2013, when certain member parties left the Pan-Armenian National Movement, the remainder of the organization collectively decided during a conference to form a new

neg: 1860 State of the Union Address the Southern States has at length produced its natural effects. The different sections of the Union are now arrayed against each other, and the time has arrived, so much dreaded by the Father of his Country, when hostile geographical parties have been formed." 1860 State of the Union Address The 1860 State of the Union Address was written by James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States. It was read on Monday, December 3, 1860, to both houses of the 36th United States Congress, by a clerk. He stated, "Why is it, then, that discontent now so extensively prevails,

neg: Puerto Rico National Guard Puerto Rico National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President of the United States or Congress, usually at the request of the governor of Puerto Rico. When under state/territory control, the governor serves as commander-in-chief. When troops from the Puerto Rico National Guard are called to federal service, the President serves as commander-in-chief. The federal mission assigned to the different National Guards is: "To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, national emergency or as otherwise needed." The governor of Puerto Rico may call individuals or units of

neg: Indian National Congress a cow with a suckling calf. Congress was structured in a hierarchical manner by Mohandas Gandhi's when he took charge as the president of the party in 1921. The party was a "broad church" during the independence movement; however, Jawarlal Nehru's descendants have turned the party into a "family firm" with hereditary succession. At present, the president and the All India Congress Committee (AICC) are elected by delegates from state and district parties at an annual national conference; in every Indian state and union territory—or "pradesh"—there is a Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC), which is the state-level unit of the party

neg: Teekoy exists here in vibrant form. There is only a moderate level of political activity, Indian National Congress and Kerala Congress (M) are the dominant parties and there is no social divisions over politics. Adv. Justine Jacob (Kerala Congress (M)) was the youngest President of Teekoy at his age of twenty seven. People at Teekoy are educated and self-employed or employed either in government, private or abroad. This place is blessed different kind of educational institution and various industries. St. Mary's High School, now more than six decades old has played a vital role in providing education to the sons of

neg: Christian Democratic Party (Argentina) Christian Democratic Party (Argentina) The Christian Democratic Party (, PDC), also called simply Christian Democracy (, DC), is a Christian Democrat political party in Argentina. In 1947 the Christian Democrat Organization of America was founded to advocate the principles of Christian Democracy in their respective countries. Each of the member parties is different, sometimes having differing views of Christian Democracy itself. Some of the member parties are in government in their country, others are in coalition government, and others are not in government. When President Perón was reelected in 1952, the government's relationship with the Catholic Church also worsened. As

neg: Congress to refer to their national legislatures. The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations: Countries with Congresses and presidential systems: Congress is included in the name of several political parties, especially those in former British colonies: Many political parties also have a party congress every few years to make decisions for the party and elect governing bodies. This is sometimes called a political convention. Congress is an alternative name for a large national or international academic conference. For instance, the World Congress on Men's Health WCMH is an annual meeting on men's medical issues. Organizations in some

neg: League of Communists of Yugoslavia renamed itself the League of Communists and adopted the politics of workers' self-management and independent communism, known as Titoism. When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created after World War I, the different social democratic parties that had existed in Austria-Hungary, Serbia and Montenegro called for a unification of their parties. The idea was widely accepted by parties and organizations from all over the country and in April 1919 a "Congress of Unification" was held in Belgrade, attended by 432 delegates representing 130,000 organized supporters of the workers’ class movement from all parts of the Kingdom except Slovenia.

neg: Philippine presidential election, 2010 then tabulated for the different municipalities and cities, then to the provinces, and finally to Congress, which is the final canvasser of the votes. Election protests are handled by the Supreme Court, when it sits as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal. The COMELEC-mandated election period for this election was from January 10 to June 9, 2010. In the Philippines, the multi-party system is implemented. Sometimes a coalition of different parties are made notably this year are the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino and PDP-LABAN, and Nacionalista Party and NPC. Each party hosts candidates who go through a nomination process to determine the

neg: International joint venture regulatory approvals. Once this process is complete, the IJV Company is formed and during this final procedure the steps taken are formation and management. Structuring IJVs can pose a challenge when parties are from two different cultural backgrounds or jurisdictions Once both parties have come to an agreement on fundamental issues such as commercial nature, scope and mutual objectives of the joint venture, the parties must decide on where, geographically, the venture will take place and what the legal structure for the venture will look like. Most of the time, the structure agreed on will be between different types of

neg: United States Congress Several academics described Congress: Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux. In recent times, the American south and west have gained House seats according to demographic changes recorded by the census and includes more minorities and women although both groups are still underrepresented. While power balances among the different parts of government continue to change, the internal structure of Congress is important to understand along with its interactions with so-called "intermediary institutions" such as political parties, civic associations, interest groups, and the mass media. The Congress of the United States serves two distinct purposes that overlap: local representation

neg: Déwé Gorodey Reelected vice president in June 2004 she was made responsible for Culture, Status of Women and Citizenship. From 2004 to 2007 Marie-Noëlle Thémereau, who represented the loyalist L'Avenir Ensemble, was president of congress, and Gorodey, who represented the FLNKS, was vice president. In the 2007 elections there was a swing towards stronger support for remaining part of France. Harold Martin, president of Avenir Ensemble, became president of congress. Gorodey continued as vice president, and the political mood continued to be one of accommodation between the different parties, but the RPCR had regained some of its past influence. On 5 June

neg: Gaelic Athletic Association Congress Gaelic Athletic Association Congress GAA Congress is an annual gathering of the Gaelic Athletic Association in which changes to the rule book, the Official Guide, may be undertaken, where the year is reviewed, and a new President of the association formally takes office. It is a democratic meeting in which delegates from GAA county boards and provincial councils have speaking and voting rights. GAA Congress can attract a lot of public attention depending on what issues are being voted upon. For example, the 2001 Congress was watched closely when it voted to overturn Rule 21, the ban on members of

neg: History of Chile vote. Chileans elected a new president and the majority of members of a two-chamber congress on December 14, 1989. Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin, the candidate of a coalition of 17 political parties called the "Concertación", received an absolute majority of votes (55%). President Aylwin served from 1990 to 1994, in what was considered a transition period. In February 1991 Aylwin created the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation, which released in February 1991 the Rettig Report on human rights violations committed during the military rule. This report counted 2,279 cases of "disappearances" which could be proved and registered. Of course,

neg: 17th Congress of the Philippines from the first to third year of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte; this will be the end of tenure for senators elected in 2013. The 17th Congress was officially opened by President Duterte together with the joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers of Congress are divided into parties and blocs. While members are elected via parties, blocs are the basis for committee memberships. Only members of the majority and minority blocs are accorded committee memberships. This is how blocs are determined: In the speakership election, several members abstained from voting. They, along with the

neg: Left wing politics in Croatia When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created after World War I, the different social democratic parties that had existed in Austria-Hungary, Serbia and Montenegro called for a unification of their parties. In 1919, a congress was held in Belgrade where Bolshevik influence was introduced by soldiers who during the war had been captured by Russian forces and had experienced the October Revolution. It resulted in the creation of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In 1920, the Communists won a large number of seats in the local election which resulted in their banning by the royal government. It

neg: Congress of Deputies Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies (; ; ; ) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. It is located in the Palace of the Parliament ("", Madrid). It has 350 members elected by constituencies (matching fifty Spanish provinces and two autonomous cities) by proportional representation using the D'Hondt method. Deputies serve four-year terms. The "President of the Congress of Deputies" is the analogue to a speaker and presides over debates. In the Congress, members of the Parliament from the political parties, or groups of parties, form parliamentary groups. Groups must be formed by at

neg: Vice President of the Philippines same qualifications as the President which means he must be: The Vice President is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the President. Both the President and the Vice President are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election. While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of President and Vice President, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from different parties to be elected as President and Vice President. The Vice President is barred from

neg: Politics of India number of political parties. It has been estimated that over 200 parties were formed after India became independent in 1947. Some features of the political parties in India are that the parties are generally woven around their leaders, the leaders are actively playing a dominant role, and that the role of leadership can be transferred, thus tending to take a dynastic route. The two main parties in India are the Bharatiya Janata Party, also known as the BJP and the Indian National Congress, commonly called the INC or simply Congress. These two parties dominate national politics. On the left-right political

neg: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act States. Surveillance beyond the initial authorized period would require a FISA warrant or a presidential certification to Congress. On September 28, 2006, the House of Representatives passed Wilson's bill and it was referred to the Senate. On July 28, 2007, President Bush called on Congress to pass legislation to reform the FISA in order to ease restrictions on surveillance of terrorist suspects where one party (or both parties) to the communication are located overseas. He asked that Congress pass the legislation before its August 2007 recess. On August 3, 2007, the Senate passed a Republican-sponsored version of FISA (S. 1927)

neg: Anti-Coup Alliance partly because it did not indicate what parties are part of the alliance and did not indicate the coalitions alleged connections to "terrorist activities". Another verdict in September 2014 banned the alliance. Anti-Coup Alliance The Anti-Coup Alliance (also known as the National Alliance Supporting Legitimacy) is a coalition in Egypt formed to defeat the ouster of former president Mohamed Morsi. The coalition is made up of approximately 40 Islamist parties and groups. The coalition has called upon the opposition to break ties with figures they call "corrupt" from the Mubarak regime. Notably, the political wing of the group (the Building

neg: Appointments Clause corruption. The requirement that the President can appoint inferior officers only when Congress has "by Law vest[ed]" that power in the President sought to preclude that possibility. One chief questions recurs under the "by Law" language: Who are "inferior Officers," not subject to the requirement of advice and consent; and (2) what constitutes a "Department," when Congress seeks to place the appointment power away from the President? As an initial matter, most government employees are not officers and thus are not subject to the Appointments Clause. In "Buckley v. Valeo", the Supreme Court held that only those appointees "exercising significant

neg: Tallyman Tallyman A tallyman is an individual who keeps a numerical record with tally marks, historically often on tally sticks. The heavy metal singer Udo Dirkschneider produced a song called Tallyman. In Ireland, it is common for political parties to provide private observers when ballot boxes are opened. These "tallymen" keep a tally of the preferences of visible voting papers and allow an early initial estimate of which candidates are likely to win in the drawn-out single transferable vote counting process. Since the public voting process is by then complete, it is usual for tallymen from different parties to share information.

neg: Nanpa of Shinjuku ni-chome. Nanpa , also transliterated as nampa, in Japanese culture is a type of flirting and seduction popular among teenagers and people in their twenties and thirties. When Japanese women pursue men in a fashion similar to nanpa, it is called . Nanpa was a new word of the Meiji era with the opposite word Kouha. It was originally rendered in kanji as 軟派 (lit. "the soft school"). The meaning of nanpa was continually changing and different from what it means today. Initially, it referred to a political term with the meaning of "parties with soft opinion and

neg: Nanpa Nanpa , also transliterated as nampa, in Japanese culture is a type of flirting and seduction popular among teenagers and people in their twenties and thirties. When Japanese women pursue men in a fashion similar to nanpa, it is called . Nanpa was a new word of the Meiji era with the opposite word Kouha. It was originally rendered in kanji as 軟派 (lit. "the soft school"). The meaning of nanpa was continually changing and different from what it means today. Initially, it referred to a political term with the meaning of "parties with soft opinion and proposition" or "people

neg: Politics of Costa Rica other hand, he can appoint anyone to his cabinet without approval from Congress. This provides the single most important power versus Congress that any Costa Rican President has. Legislative powers are held by the Legislative Assembly. Legislators, called deputies, are elected to non-consecutive four year terms by popular, direct vote, using proportional representation in each of the country's seven provinces. Elections were last held in February 2014 and will be held again in February 2018. As a result, there are nine separate political parties serving in the Legislative Assembly, with National Liberation Party holding 18 seats, the Citizens' Action Party

neg: Circuit party held on Fire Island, in the days before the beginning of the health crisis of HIV/AIDS. They came to resemble underground rave parties in some respects, but differ in that circuit parties are highly publicized and professionally produced, and tend to attract people from a wider age range and a broader geographic area. The start of the circuit has been attributed to many different parties that sprang up during the time-frame of the late 1970s and early 1980s. These proto-circuit parties in the late 1970s, the precursors of what later became circuit parties, were called "disco parties." They lasted one

neg: Politics of Palau Politics of Palau Politics of Palau takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, where by the President of Palau is both head of state and head of government, and Palau currently has no political parties. It is a de facto non-partisan democracy since no law prevents the formation of political parties. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Palau National Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Presidential elections take place every four years, when the president and vice president run on

neg: Politics same leaders. An election is usually a competition between different parties. Some examples of political parties worldwide are: the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, the Conservatives in the United Kingdom, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in Germany and the Indian National Congress in India. Politics is a multifaceted word. It has a set of fairly specific meanings that are descriptive and nonjudgmental (such as "the art or science of government" and "political principles"), but often does carry a connotation of dishonest malpractice. The word has been used negatively for many years: the British national anthem as published in

neg: Italy of Values of political freedoms in Italy". During the 2010 party congress, Di Pietro remarked IdV's liberal identity and denounced what he called "Berlusconi's false liberalism". In May 2012 IdV became the first Italian political party to announce publicly that it would push for marriage equality. Di Pietro said: "Our party has been the first in Italy to follow U.S. president Barack Obama. We invite other Italian parties to support gay marriage. You don't have to be shy, you have to say yes". The 2001–2010 electoral results in the 10 most populated regions of Italy plus Abruzzo and Molise (the party's main

neg: Politics of the United States still usually portrayed as national races between the political parties. In what is known as "presidential coattails", candidates in presidential elections become the "de facto" leader of their respective party, and thus usually bring out supporters who in turn then vote for his party's candidates for other offices. On the other hand, federal midterm elections (where only Congress and not the president is up for election) are usually regarded as a referendum on the sitting president's performance, with voters either voting in or out the president's party's candidates, which in turn helps the next session of Congress to either pass

neg: Human rights in Venezuela that possibly hundreds of Venezuelans were allegedly tortured when detained by Venezuelan authorities. However, President Maduro denied the allegations, saying torture had not occurred in Venezuela since Hugo Chávez became president. Since the transition to and consolidation of democracy in 1958, Venezuela developed, initially with the Punto Fijo Pact, a two-party system. It was initially led by "two hegemonic and highly centralized and political parties", Accion Democratica and COPEI, in what was often called "partidocracia" (partyarchy). The two parties "penetrated and came to dominate so many of the other organisations in civil society, including trade unions, that they enjoyed a

neg: 26th South African Parliament was formally opened by president Zuma's State of the Nation Address in a joint sitting on 17 June 2014. 13 Different political parties are represented in this parliament. The majority party in the 25th parliament, the African National Congress (ANC) retained its majority, although it was reduced to 249 (62%) seats, down from 264 seats out of 400 (66%), while the Democratic Alliance (DA) increased its lead of the opposition, taking 89 (22.23%) seats, up from 67 seats (16.75%) in the National Assembly of the 25th parliament. The Speaker of the National Assembly, Baleka Mbete and Chairperson of the National

neg: Doe v. Bush The opinion was written by Judge Sandra Lea Lynch: "An extreme case might arise, for example, if Congress gave absolute discretion to the President to start a war at his or her will... Plaintiffs' objection to the October Resolution does not, of course, involve any such claim. Nor does it involve a situation where the President acts without any apparent congressional authorization, or against congressional opposition... To the contrary, Congress has been deeply involved in significant debate, activity, and authorization connected to our relations with Iraq for over a decade, under three different presidents of both major political parties, and

neg: Floor crossing (South Africa) 1 to 15 September. The United Democratic Movement (UDM) unsuccessfully challenged the constitutionality of floor crossing. A bill to amend the constitution to again prevent politicians from keeping their seats when joining other parties, dubbed "crosstitutes", was tabled in Parliament in 2008. This was a consequence of the decision of the African National Congress at its December 2007 national congress in Polokwane to reject floor crossing. The bill was passed by Parliament and floor crossing was subsequently abolished when President Kgalema Motlanthe assented to the constitutional amendment 6 January 2009. Parties who gained floor crossers include the African National Congress

neg: Federalist Era or so vainly overrated its own influence and popularity as ours. None ever understood so ill the causes of its own power, or so wantonly destroyed them." The transfer of presidential power between Adams and Jefferson represented the first such transfer between two different political parties in U.S. history, and set the precedent for all subsequent presidents from all political parties. The complications arising out of the 1796 and 1800 elections prompted Congress and the states to refine the process whereby the Electoral College elects a president and a vice president. The new procedure was enacted through the 12th Amendment,

neg: Noney of people from different parts of Tamenglong. It is also considered the fastest developing town in the Tamenglong district on account of its strategic commercial location for other villages around the Nungba district. Its temperatures are slightly higher compared to other places in Manipur because of the clearing of hills for the development of a railway track and sub-station. The Nationalist Congress Party, the Indian National Congress, the Naga People's Front, the Manipur State Congress Party, and the Bharatiya Janata Party are the major political parties in this area. The construction of the world's tallest railway bridge, measured by height

neg: Running mate However, there are countries, such as the Philippines and (nominally) Cyprus, in which the President and Vice-President are elected on separate tickets, and frequently, this results in them being from different political parties - indeed, when the Philippine Vice-Presidential position was restored in 1987, only once were the President and Vice-President elected from the same ticket, in 2004. Further, in other countries, such as Botswana and Venezuela, the Vice-President is legally appointed by the President in all cases (unlike, for instance, the United States, in which the President appoints a Vice-President only in case of a vacancy, or Taiwan, in

neg: Online dispute resolution is a simple method, it effectively encourages the parties to reveal their 'bottom line' offers and demands, splitting the difference when the amounts are close. The primary distinction of visual blind bidding is in what is kept hidden from the other parties. In traditional double blind bidding, the offers and demands are kept hidden, whereas with visual blind bidding what is kept hidden is what each party is willing to accept. This method can be effectively applied to the simplest single-value negotiations or the most complex negotiations between any number of parties and issues. Visual blind bidding commences when all

neg: David R. Mayhew by its members. In "Divided We Govern", he disputed the previously accepted notion that, when Congress and the presidency are controlled by different parties, less important legislation is passed than under unified government. The book won the 1992 Richard E. Neustadt prize. His most recent book, "Partisan Balance: Why Political Parties Don't Kill the U.S. Constitutional System" (Princeton University Press, 2011), contends that majoritarianism largely characterizes the American system. The wishes of the majority tend to nudge institutions back toward the median voter. "Partisan Balance" won the 2011 Leon D. Epstein Outstanding Award from the American Political Science Association. Mayhew

neg: Congress of Deputies powers of the chamber between the legislative sessions (January, July and August) or when their term has finished because of termination or dissolution. In these three cases, the Permanent Council is a temporary extension of the chamber. The Permanent Council is presided by the President of the Congress (Mrs. Speaker). It is composed of a proportional number of deputies depending on the numerical importance of the different Parliamentary Groups. The Parliamentary Groups are groups of members of the chamber which join together depending on their ideology. The Rules of the Congress establish that 15 deputies at least are needed to

neg: PRISM (surveillance program) PRISM did not prevent him from carrying out the Boston attacks. Daly observed that, "The problem is not just what the National Security Agency is gathering at the risk of our privacy but what it is apparently unable to monitor at the risk of our safety." Ron Paul, a former Republican member of Congress and prominent libertarian, thanked Snowden and Greenwald and denounced the mass surveillance as unhelpful and damaging, urging instead more transparency in U.S. government actions. He called Congress "derelict in giving that much power to the government," and said that had he been elected president, he would

neg: Semi-presidential system majority) and dismissed by the president. On the other hand, whenever the president is from the same party as the prime minister who leads the "conseil de gouvernement" (cabinet), he/she often (if not usually) exercises "de facto" control over all fields of policy via the prime minister. It is up to the president to decide how much "autonomy" is left to "their" prime minister to act on their own. Semi-presidential systems may sometimes experience periods in which the president and the prime minister are from differing political parties. This is called "cohabitation", a term which originated in France when the

neg: Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3. It also has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no president-elect. The Twentieth Amendment was adopted on January 23, 1933. The amendment was designed largely to limit the "lame duck" period, the period served by Congress and the president after an election but before the end of

neg: Joins (concurrency library) the background, and return the results. When the corresponding synchronous method is called the parameter is returned for further processing. If no parameter is present in the queue when the synchronous method is called, the caller stalls. The Joins runtime schedules which parameter is returned based on whether it is ready. The synchronization pattern of the methods are defined by "joins patterns", which describes what happens when a set of channels are invoked. For example, what happens when "Send" and "Retrieve" are called together can be different than "Send" and "Queue". Joins (concurrency library) Joins is an asynchronous concurrent computing

neg: Manuel A. Odría his dictatorship would run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odría legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel Prado. When national elections were held again in 1962, Odría ran as a right-wing candidate for the "Unión Nacional Odriista" party. None of the three major candidates - Odría, Haya de la Torre and Fernando Belaúnde - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It appeared that Odría would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal with Haya

neg: Presidium of the National People's Congress Presidium of the National People's Congress The presidium of a session of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is a 178-member body of the National People's Congress (NPC). It is composed of senior officials of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the state, non-Communist parties and All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, those without party affiliation, heads of central government agencies and people's organizations, leading members of all the 35 delegations to the NPC session including those from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and the People's Liberation Army. It nominates the President and Vice President of China,

neg: United Progressive Alliance United Progressive Alliance The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a coalition of centre-left political parties in India formed after the 2004 general election. The largest member party of the UPA is the Indian National Congress, whose Former National President Sonia Gandhi is chairperson of the UPA. It formed a government with support from some other left-aligned parties in 2004. The UPA was formed soon after the 2004 general elections when it had become clear that no party had won an absolute majority. The hitherto ruling Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) had won 181 seats in the 543-member 14th

neg: James Clapper in the same way as it did Roger Clemens, "the message from the government would be that lying to Congress about baseball is more of a felony than lying to Congress about Americans' Fourth Amendment rights" and that the “message would declare that when it comes to brazen law-breaking, as long as you are personally connected to the president, you get protection rather than the prosecution you deserve." On December 19, 2013, seven Republican members of the House Judiciary Committee called on Attorney General Eric Holder to investigate Clapper, stating "witnesses cannot be allowed to lie to Congress." In January

neg: Aragon 67 seats. It meets in the Aljafería, a Moorish palace in the capital city, Zaragoza. The Parliament chooses a President for the "Diputación General de Aragón" or Aragon Government, for a four-year term. The current president (since July 2015) is Javier Lambán of the PSOE. Nationally, Aragon elects 13 Deputies and 14 Senators to the Cortes Generales. In addition to the Spanish-based political parties, there are a number of Aragón-based parties, such as the Chunta Aragonesista, a left-wing Aragonese nationalist party, and the Aragonese Party, more conservative. Chunta Aragonesista had a seat in Spain's national Congress of Deputies from 2000

neg: We are the 99% commentary. When Congress returned from break, proposed policy solutions came from both major parties as the 2012 Republican presidential debates occurred almost simultaneously with President Obama's September 9 proposal of the American Jobs Act. On September 17, 2011 President Obama announced an economic policy proposal for taxing millionaires known as the Buffett Rule. This immediately led to public statements by House Speaker John Boehner, President Obama, and Republican Mitt Romney over whether the Democrats were fomenting "class warfare". In November 2011 economist Paul Krugman wrote, that the We are the 99% slogan "correctly defines the issue as being the middle

neg: Pocket veto chamber while it is in session and capable of work. While upholding President Calvin Coolidge's pocket veto, the court said that the "determinative question is not whether it is a final adjournment of Congress or an interim adjournment but whether it is one that 'prevents' the President from returning the bill". In 1938, the Supreme Court reversed itself in part in "Wright v. U.S.", ruling that Congress could designate agents on its behalf to receive veto messages when it was not in session, saying that the Constitution "does not define what shall constitute a return of a bill or deny

neg: Anubrata Mandal then our workers will also attack their houses at night." Mandal also reportedly threatened to chop off the hands of Indian National Congress candidates, although a party official denies he ever said that. He has been cited on two different occasions for showing a disrespectful altitude towards opposition parties. Anubrata Mandal Anubrata Mandal, also known as Kesto Da, is an Indian politician and the current president of the Birbhum district Trinamool Congress & the Chairman of W.B.S.R.D.A Mandal was born in Birbhum during the 1960s. He is one of the founders of the Trinamool Congress in Birbhum. Although he is

neg: The Congress of World Azerbaijanis were representatives of US, Turkey, Russia, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, France, Georgia, Austria, Romania, Switzerland, Australia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Denmark, Netherlands, Finland, Belarus, Israel and other countries. The Congress of Azerbaijan was represented by 702 delegates from 25 political parties and 844 guests from more than 130 different state and public organizations, scientific, educational, cultural and other creative organizations. On November 9, 2001, Heydar Aliyev, made a speech on the first working day of the congress. He talked about the measures being taken to strengthen the state independence of Azerbaijan and the forthcoming tasks. President Heydar Aliyev

neg: ERepublik name then they become the leaders of the party and they can choose their party candidates for congress (if party is ranked in the top 5 nationally) or presidency. On the fifth of every month eRepublik holds presidential elections, on the fifteenth the party presidential elections and on the twenty-fifth the congressional elections. Days before the presidential vote the top five parties will select a person to run for president, and then it is decided by a vote by the populace. The congress elections are more complicated than the rest. The party presidents of the top 5 parties select a

neg: Promulgation the "Malta Government Gazette", and thus comes into force. A law is approved by Congress, signed by the President, and published in the Official Diary of the Federation (), or DOF. Each law in its Transitional Articles ("Transitorios") states when the Law takes effect ("entra en vigor") and, when applicable, what law it cancels and replaces. Regulations are prepared by the Executive branch in order to establish the administration of the Law. They are signed by the President and published in the DOF. Laws have to be promulgated by the President of the Republic in the "Dziennik Ustaw" journal. The

neg: Panama Canal and then left Congress not to debate the canal, but to debate me." Several parties in the United States called this an act of war on Colombia: The "New York Times" described the support given by the United States to Bunau-Varilla as an "act of sordid conquest." The "New York Evening Post" called it a "vulgar and mercenary venture." The US maneuvers are often cited as the classic example of US gunboat diplomacy in Latin America, and the best illustration of what Roosevelt meant by the old African adage, "Speak softly and carry a big stick [and] you will go

neg: Valentín Paniagua Ricardo Márquez then claimed the presidency. However, Congress refused to recognize him since he was one of the few who were still loyal to Fujimori. When it became apparent that Congress would not allow Márquez to take office, he resigned as well. Therefore, since the President of Congress stood third in the line of succession, Paniagua became acting president. Paniagua formed a "Unity and National Reconciliation Government" that received the support of almost all the political parties of the time. He then proceeded to form a broad-based cabinet, which involved non-partisan technologists and low-profile politicians. It was headed by former

neg: 2004 Indian general election It was able to put together a comfortable majority of more than 335 members out of 543 with the help of its allies. The 335 members included both the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance, the governing coalition formed after the election, as well as external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Kerala Congress (KC) and the Left Front. (External support is support from parties that are not part of the governing coalition). Congress President Sonia Gandhi surprised observers by declining to become the new prime minister, instead asking former Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, a respected economist, to

neg: Satyapriya Banerjee and 1945, and a member of the Central Legislative Assembly 1946-1947. During the Partition Banerjee was active in the United Central Refugee Council. Banerjee served as president of the Bengal Provincial Trade Union Congress and vice-president of the All India Trade Union Congress. Banerjee stood as a candidate in Bowbazar in the 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. His candidature was supported by different left parties. Banerjee was defeated by the Congress candidate Bidhan Chandra Roy. Roy obtained 13,910 votes, whilst Banerjee got 9,799 votes (41.33%). The day following the elections, riots broke out. He was elected to the Rajya

neg: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance are elected by a National Party Congress each 2 years. The Office of the President of the Party is the highest court of the political and party organization. Its functions are executive. It is chosen by the Party's National Congress that Represents the Party and goes to the whole society. Presides at all meetings of the permanent organs of the party. Is exerted by the Alan García Pérez in his capacity as leader and first elected member of the party as President of Peru. He has been elected and ratified as such pursuant to the Law of Political Parties, by

neg: Politics of Mizoram Politics of Mizoram Politics in Mizoram takes place in a multi-party democratic framework, within the overall context of the national Politics of India. It has 2 parliamentary seats only. Politics in Mizoram is dominated by two political fronts: the Mizo National Front and the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee, part of Indian National Congress. These two parties have alternated in power since 1972. Other regional parties are: The constitutional head of the Government of Mizoram is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of India. The real executive power rests with the Chief Minister and the cabinet. The political party

neg: Nepali Congress in Calcutta on August 4, 1948. The two parties merged on April 10, 1950 to form the Nepali Congress and Koirala became its first president. The party called for an armed revolution against the Rana regime. During the Bairgania Conference in Bairgania, Bihar, on September 27, 1950 the Nepali Congress announced an armed revolution against the Rana regime. The president of the party also announced the liquidation of operations in India and that the party would operate only inside Nepal. After King Tribhuvan took refuge inside the Indian Embassy on November 6, 1950. The Congress Liberation Army decided to take

neg: Nancy Pelosi Pelosi said. "It is about this Congress asserting its right to declare war when we are fully aware what the challenges are to us. It is about respecting the United Nations and a multilateral approach, which is safer for our troops." Despite Pelosi's opposition, Congress still passed a resolution authorizing President Bush to use the Armed Forces of the United States against Iraq. Although Pelosi voted against the Iraq War, anti-war activists in San Francisco protested against her voting to continue funding the war. UC Berkeley political scientist Bruce Cain said that Pelosi had to balance the demands of her

neg: Congress of the Philippines Representatives. To determine the winning parties in the party-list election, a party must surpass the 2% election threshold of the national vote; usually, the party with the largest number of votes wins the maximum three seats, the rest two seats. If the number of seats of the parties that surpassed the 2% threshold is less than 20% of the total seats, the parties that won less than 2% of the vote gets one seat each until the 20% requirement is met. In what could be a unique setup, the two houses of Congres meet at different places in Metro Manila,

neg: Barbara Pittman kids in North Memphis. His mom and mine used to get together to have what they called Stanley parties. They call them Tupperware parties now. I practically lived out at Graceland in the 1950s before Elvis went into the service. He was going to take me on the road with him, and then he got drafted." It was Elvis who first brought Barbara to Sun Studios. Pittman spent time working in Lash LaRue's western shows in 1955–1956. When she returned, she began recording at Sun Records. Between 1956 and 1960, she would cut four different singles there as well as

neg: Powers of the President of the United States legislative counterpoint to the Office of Management and Budget. The president has several options when presented with a bill from Congress. If the president agrees with the bill, he can sign it into law within ten days of receipt. If the president opposes the bill, he can veto it and return the bill to Congress with a veto message suggesting changes unless the Congress is out of session then the president may rely on a pocket veto. Presidents are required to approve all of a bill or none of it; selective vetoes have been prohibited. In 1996, Congress gave President

neg: 2014 United States federal budget (S.Con.Res 8). The House and Senate budget resolutions were not reconciled as a final budget. At the time the fiscal year 2014 budget was debated, budgeting issues were controversial. Government spending had recently been limited by an automatic sequestration process that resulted when Congress and President Obama failed to meet spending reduction targets set by the Budget Control Act of 2011. The House and Senate were at the time controlled by different parties with different fiscal agendas. Failure to pass an initial continuing resolution caused the federal government shutdown of 2013. The government was then funded through a series of

neg: 1998 Philippine presidential election 1998 Philippine presidential election Presidential elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. In the presidential election, Vice President Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as President by a landslide victory. In the vice-presidential race, Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo won a six-year term as Vice President also by a landslide victory. This was the third election where both president and vice president came from different parties. The 10th Congress canvassed the votes in joint session for a number of days before declaring Estrada and Arroyo as the winners; with Senate President Neptali Gonzales and Speaker De Venecia announcing the

neg: Unitary executive theory power and legislative power in different ways, with the legislative powers of Congress being expressly limited to what is "herein granted," unlike executive powers which are not expressly limited by an enumeration. Hamilton wrote: In the article which gives the legislative powers of the government, the expressions are "All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the United States." In that which grants the executive power, the expressions are "The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States." The enumeration ought therefore to be considered, as intended merely to specify the principal

neg: Government of Ghana Government of Ghana The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage. Political parties became legal in mid-1992 after a ten-year hiatus. There are 20 political parties under the Fourth Republic. The two main parties are the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party. The National Democratic Congress

neg: 1946 Philippine presidential election the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election on April 23, 1946, and was approved by President Osmeña on January 5, 1946. Three parties presented their respective candidates for the different national elective positions. These were the Nacionalista Party, Conservative (Osmeña) Wing, the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party, and the Partido Modernista. The Nacionalistas had Osmeña and Senator Eulogio Rodriguez as their candidates for president and vice president, respectively. The Modernistas chose Hilario Camino Moncado and Luis Salvador for the same positions. On the other hand, the standard bearers of

neg: History of health care reform in the United States process, when Congress returned from recess, in September 2009 President Obama delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress supporting the ongoing Congressional negotiations, to re-emphasize his commitment to reform and again outline his proposals. In it he acknowledged the polarization of the debate, and quoted a letter from the late-Senator Ted Kennedy urging on reform: "what we face is above all a moral issue; that at stake are not just the details of policy, but fundamental principles of social justice and the character of our country." On November 7, the House of Representatives passed the Affordable Health Care

neg: Intercultural communication principles goods, values, and beliefs will help to interact with someone from a different culture. A knowledge of intercultural communication, and the ability to use it effectively, can help bridge cultural differences, mitigate problems, and assist in achieving more harmonious, productive relations. This is especially important in today's world where the market is global. People may misinterpret each other's motives. For example, one group may assume that they are simply exchanging information about what they believe, but the other believes that they are negotiating a change in behavior. That is most likely to arise when the parties are not completely honest

neg: Dilian Francisca Toro re-election, Toro was sanctioned by the Liberal Party in 2004, which prompted to join a splinter group of Congresspersons from different parties who joined to form the Social National Unity Party and backed President Uribe. In 2006 Toro was re-elected senator, and elected by her peers as President of the Senate of Colombia. During the inauguration ceremony of President Uribe for his second term, as president of the Congress of Colombia, she became the first woman to ever administer the oath of office to the President of Colombia. There was a controversy however, Toro made a mistake and placed the

neg: Socialism and Liberty Party social conservative and/or economic liberal beliefs exists. Although PSOL officially not rejects any religion, many evangelicals see PSOL as a hostile party which does not represent their values and massively rejects the party. Following the 2010 general election, PSOL currently has one senator and five federal deputies in the National Congress of Brazil. Although being very small in parliament PSOL is the 5th most popular party in Brazil, and it is recognized as different from the bigger PSDB and PT parties and the cronyist and catch-all parties without an ideology. It is the only party present in the Congress which

neg: South African contract law such circumstances in all cases," this does not permit it to arrive at a different interpretation if the meaning is already clear from the words themselves. Finally, but only "when the language of the document is on the face of it ambiguous," and its meaning therefore uncertain, the courts may consider surrounding circumstances: "what passed between the parties during the negotiations that preceded the conclusion of the agreement." These include "previous negotiations and correspondence between the parties, [and] subsequent conduct of the parties showing the sense in which they acted on the document, save direct evidence of their own intentions"

neg: 2004–10 Telangana protests police. Student organisations, employee unions, and various organisations joined the movement. KCR had told a Congress emissary on 6 December that he would break his fast if Congress president Sonia Gandhi made a public appeal to him to do so. General strikes shut down Telangana on 6 and 7 December. In an all party meeting called by the state government on the night of 7 December to discuss regarding KCR's fast and how to handle it, all major Opposition parties extended their support for a separate state for Telangana. The state Congress and its ally Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen have left it

neg: Millard Fillmore The ongoing sectional conflict had already excited much discussion when on January 21, 1850, President Taylor sent a special message to Congress urging the admission of California immediately and New Mexico later, and that the Supreme Court settle the boundary dispute whereby the state of Texas claimed much of what is now the state of New Mexico. On January 29, Henry Clay introduced what was called the "Omnibus Bill". The bill would give victories to both North and South: it would admit California as a free state, organize territorial governments in New Mexico and Utah, and ban the importation of

neg: 1997 Red River flood in the United States sleep or try to make amends?" What were once entire neighborhoods are now covered by grass and trees, part of an extensive area of parkland called the Greater Grand Forks Greenway. In East Grand Forks, this transformation is especially visible. One former neighborhood is now a large campground, the center of what is now known as the Red River State Recreation Area. The cities of today are significantly different from their pre-flood state, but many residents are pleased with this, seeing it as fulfillment of President Bill Clinton's promise that the cities would "rebuild stronger and better than ever." Population

neg: Indian National Congress responsible for directing political campaigns at local and state levels, and assisting the campaigns for parliamentary constituencies. Each PCC has a working committee of twenty members, most of whom are appointed by the party president, the leader of the state party, who is chosen by the national president. Those elected as members of the states' legislative assemblies form the Congress Legislature Parties in the various state assemblies; their chairperson is usually the party's nominee for Chief Ministership. The party is also organised into various committees, and sections; it publishes a daily newspaper, the "National Herald". Despite being a party with

neg: Vyavahāra Vyavahāra Vyavahāra () is an important concept of Hindu law denoting legal procedure. The term is analyzed by Kātyāyana as follows: "Vi means ‘various,’ ava means ‘doubt,’ hara is ‘removal’; legal procedure is called by the term vyavahāra because ‘it removes various doubts.’” Kane defines it as follows: "When the ramifications of right conduct, that are together called dharma and that can be established with efforts (of various kinds such as truthful speech, etc.) have been violated, the dispute (in a court between parties) which springs from what is sought to be proved (such as debt), is said to be

neg: C-base all activities offered. The premises of the c-base association host a lot of different events (parties, presentations, theatrical performances, concerts and art exhibitions), such as Cosmic Open Stage. The c-base society is also present at events of the Chaos Computer Club like the Chaos Communication Congress or the Chaos Communication Camp. From September 14–16, 2006 the fourth Wizards of OS conference was held in cooperation with c-base. The location for c-base is accompanied by a myth. This myth says that there are remnants of a space station called c-base underneath the city centre of Berlin. The space station's antenna is

neg: National Congress (Sudan) with multiple political parties participating in ten years. His political rival was Vice President Salva Kiir Mayardit, who was also leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army and subsequently became President of South Sudan. National Congress (Sudan) The National Congress or National Congress Party (abbreviated NCP) (; "") is the political party that rules Sudan. After the split of the National Islamic Front (NIF), the party was divided into two parties. The Islamic Movement led by its secretary Hassan al-Turabi and a military led by Omar al-Bashir launched a military coup against President-elect Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1989, Omar al-Bashir who

neg: Boys Nation Supreme Court, the Congress, the Pentagon, and the State Department. Students assume the role of a United States Senator, representing their respective (Boys) State. They write and introduce bills and debate in the senate chambers. Delegates are split into political parties and draft a party platform as well as perform usual party duties like nominations for president and vice-president, along with elected party leadership. The American Legion Auxiliary runs a similar event called Girls Nation. Boys Nation Boys Nation is an annual forum concerning civic training, government, leadership, and Americanism that is run by the American Legion. One-Hundered Boys Nation

neg: March 8 Alliance March 8 Alliance The March 8 Alliance () is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their pro-Syrian regime stance and their opposition to the March 14 Alliance. It was the ruling coalition in Lebanon with the government headed by Prime Minister Najib Mikati from June 2011 until March 2013. The name dates back to 8 March 2005 when different parties called for a mass demonstration in downtown Beirut in response to the Cedar Revolution. The demonstration thanked Syria for helping stop the Lebanese Civil War and the aid in stabilising

neg: Big tent Germany (CDU) and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) are considered big tent or catch-all parties, known in German as "Volksparteien" ("people's parties"). The Indian National Congress attracted support from Indians of all classes, castes and religions opposed to the British Empire. Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil are considered catch-all parties, both being supported by people from different social classes and political ideologies. Both parties are however usually described as being on the centre-right and liberal conservative. In Italy, the Five Star Movement led by comedian and actor Beppe Grillo has been described as a catch-all, protest party and "post-ideological