query: when was the half pipe brought to the olympics

pos: Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side

pos: Half-pipe The inventor was Colorado farmer Doug Waugh who created the Pipe Dragon used in both the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics. The current method of half-pipe cutting is by use of a Zaugg Pipe Monster. Zaugg is based in Eggiwil, Switzerland. Zaugg Pipe Monsters have been used to build the Winter Olympic half-pipes, Winter X-Games, US Open Snowboarding Championship, the World Cup, and many, many more events around the world. The Pipe Monster uses five cutting edges called haspels to cut the snow, rather than a chain. Also Zaugg pipe groomers create an elliptical shape that is safer and allows

pos: Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics the only double gold medalists. Karine Ruby of France and Americans Ross Powers and Danny Kass also won two medals. In the men's half-pipe event, American snowboarders have collected six of nine possible medals, achieving a unique medal sweep in 2002. The United States won a total of 24 medals, more than any other nation. The Americans and the Swiss collected ten and seven gold medals respectively. As of the 2014 Winter Olympics, 90 medals (30 of each color) have been awarded since 1998, and have been won by snowboarders from 21 National Olympic Committees. Note 1. Giant slalom in

pos: Mystical Seven (Missouri) university until the next meeting of the two teams. For unknown reasons, the exchange of the peace pipe stopped after the 1974 football season, with the pipe in possession of the University of Oklahoma. Following the 1998 victory over Oklahoma by Missouri, the "Missouri Alumnus" magazine published an article in 1999 regarding the former tradition that brought new interest in its revival. Oklahoma’s athletic director, Joe Castiglione, was quoted as promising to look for the missing peace pipe. While the two schools regularly played in all sports when both were members of the Big Eight Conference, annual football games ended

pos: Michael Michalchuk rides with a goofy stance. Michalchuk first entered the world professional snowboarding circuit in 1998 at the age of twenty-one after he gained qualification for the 1998 Winter Olympics as a member of the Canadian team. During the games he would go on to qualify for the finals with an equal best score but his performance would drop and he would eventually finish in 8th position. During the 1998 season he would achieve his highest honor during that year's world cup in the United States finishing third in the half-pipe event. The following seasons became mostly disappointing ones for Michalchuk

neg: Half-pipe skiing Half-pipe skiing Half-pipe skiing is the sport of riding snow skis on a half-pipe. Competitors perform a series of tricks while going down the pipe. The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard, with . The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports, and helmets are required to be worn during competitions. Half-pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002, and made its Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. David Wise of the United States of America became the first Olympic champion

neg: Half-pipe skiing ski-resorts from injury-related lawsuits. Half-pipe skiing Half-pipe skiing is the sport of riding snow skis on a half-pipe. Competitors perform a series of tricks while going down the pipe. The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard, with . The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports, and helmets are required to be worn during competitions. Half-pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002, and made its Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. David Wise of the United States of America became

neg: Taylor Gold of the US 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics halfpipe team, at the age of 17. But she was not able to compete in the qualification for the Olympic halfpipe finals, because of a separated right shoulder injury she suffered on February 12 when she caught an edge at the end of the pipe during a practice run and crashed moments before her competition. Not long after returning from Sochi, Gold won first place in the 32nd annual 2014 Burton US Open half-pipe competition in Vail, and also won the Red Bull Double Pipe over second-place 2014 Olympic bronze medalist Taku Hiraoka

neg: Half-pipe skiing in this discipline with a total of 92.00 points. Half-pipe skiing was formally endorsed by the International Ski Federation in June 2010, and was approved by the International Olympic Committee in April 2011 to be an official sport 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It has been a part of the Winter Dew Tour, the World Skiing Invitational, and the inaugural 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. The current world record for the highest half-pipe ski jump was set in 2015, and is held by Joffrey Pollet-Villard with 26 feet and 3 inches (8.00 metres). Superpipe skiing is an alternate

neg: James Machon (skier) James Machon (skier) James Machon (born 23 November 1990) is a freestyle skier who competes in the halfpipe, his first Olympics was the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Machon was born on 23 November 1990, in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. He was schooled at Bamford Primary School, and went to Leeds Metropolitan University. He started skiing at the age of 6. Between the age of 6 and until he was 14, went on annual ski holidays with his family. He began practising freestyle skiing in the Sheffield freestyle skiing park when he was 15 years old. Half-pipe skiing is snow ski

neg: James Machon (skier) on a half-pipe. The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports, and helmets are required to be worn during competitions. Half-pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002, and has been approved to be an official sport at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. In 2006 Machon entered his first British Championships, and in the period from 2009 to 2013 (inclusive), Machon won four consecutive British Halfpipe Championships. At the start of the Olympic qualifying season, Machon was ranked in the top 15 by the Association of Freeskiing Professionals, a position he

neg: Freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics Freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics Freestyle skiing has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the 1992 Winter Games in Albertville, France. Freestyle skiing was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics, with moguls, aerials, and ballet events. Moguls became an official medal sport at the 1992 games, while aerials and ballet were still demonstration events. At the 1994 games, aerials also became an official medal event and the ski ballet competition was dropped. For the 2010 Winter Olympics, ski cross was added to the program while for the 2014 Winter Olympics half-pipe and slopestyle were added.

neg: Mount Snow park also named "The Gulch" was established along with seven additional parks and a "Superpipe" referred to collectively as Carinthia Parks at Mount Snow. In 2000, Mount Snow hosted the 4th Annual Winter X-Games. The Games shattered previous attendance records and drew in athletes from around the world. The Games returned to Mount Snow the following year. Mount Snow's own Kelly Clark, bronze medalist of 2014 Olympic Women's half-pipe, won the first American gold medal of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City in women's half-pipe. She is a graduate of the Mount Snow Academy and the first athlete

neg: Ben Kilner He joined management agency Red Sky and pursued his dream to qualify for Vancouver Winter Olympics in 2010. Previously finishing 3rd in the Canada World cup weeks before the Olympics Ben earnt himself enough points to meet Team GB's criteria. After finishing a respectable 18th at the Winter Olympics he placed 7th in the Spanish World cup weeks later. Ben competed in the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, finishing 16th in the qualifications rounds of the Men's Half-pipe. Ben Kilner Ben Kilner (born 21 August 1988) is a professional snowboarder from Banchory, Scotland. He was a member of the British 2010

neg: Big White Ski Resort the province. Also included in the plans are a second base area, a new residential area and a golf course. Big White opened the Telus Park in the 2004/2005 season. It features a standard sized half-pipe along with a skier/border cross course and beginner through to advanced rails and jumps. The park is separated into two sides; one has larger jumps, rails, and boxes, and the other has smaller features, the border cross, and a half-pipe. Big White is also exclusive to a snow-cross run identical to the one at the Olympics. Big White has 25 km of Nordic trails.

neg: Speed of sound a long pipe which is dipping into a barrel of water. In this system it is the case that the pipe can be brought to resonance if the length of the air column in the pipe is equal to "(1 + 2"n")λ/4" where "n" is an integer. As the antinodal point for the pipe at the open end is slightly outside the mouth of the pipe it is best to find two or more points of resonance and then measure half a wavelength between these. Here it is the case that "v" = "fλ". The effect of impurities can be

neg: Holly Crawford Australia at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the snowboarding events. In December 2016, Crawford was named to Australia's team for the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo, Japan. Holly Crawford Holly Crawford (born 10 February 1984) is an Australian half-pipe snowboarder. She competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics and placed 22nd and 12th in her qualification runs. She ranked 19th out of 34 competitors and did not make the final. Crawford also competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics and finished 8th in the final having qualified 1st in the semifinals. She missed out on direct qualification to the final by

neg: John Bower City, Utah, where Bonnie started the Park City Winter School to allow skiers to attend school in the summer while competing in the winter. John became the first director of the Utah Olympic Park when it first opened in 1989. Utah Olympic Park would later host several competitions during the 2002 Winter Olympics. Bower's son Ricky (born 1980) won the Snowboarding half-pipe World Championships in Germany in 1999. In 1999, "Sports Illustrated" magazine ranked him 19th among Maine's 50 Greatest Athletes of the 20th century. He was the first of five Americans to win a Nordic combined event at the

neg: Shaun White snapped in 2007 when he lost to Andreas Wiig and Teddy Flandreau, with White taking the bronze. He won the Air & Style Contest in 2003 and 2004. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, White won gold in the half-pipe. After his first run in qualifications, White was almost out of competition, scoring only 37.7. On his second run, he recorded a score of 45.3. In the finals, White recorded a score of 46.8 (50 is the highest possible score) to win. Fellow American Danny Kass won the silver with a points total of 44.0. Executing a near-flawless second run, White

neg: Snowboarding at the 2014 Winter Olympics Snowboarding at the 2014 Winter Olympics Snowboarding at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi was held at the Rosa Khutor Extreme Park. The events were held between 6 and 22 February 2014. A total of ten snowboarding events were held at Sochi 2014 which include parallel giant slalom, snowboard cross, half-pipe, and the new events of parallel slalom and slopestyle. A crash in practice from Norwegian slopestyle snowboarder Torstein Horgmo, who fractured his collarbone, and complaints from other athletes that some jumps were too steep prompted organisers to modify the slopestyle course in the week before the Games. The following

neg: 2010 Winter Olympics freestyle skiing (aerials, moguls and ski cross), and all snowboard events (half-pipe, parallel giant slalom, snowboard cross). Vancouver 2010 was also the first winter Olympics in which both men's and women's hockey were played on a narrower, NHL-sized ice rink, measuring , instead of the international size of . The games were played at General Motors Place (now Rogers Arena), home of the NHL's Vancouver Canucks, which was temporarily renamed Canada Hockey Place for the duration of the Olympics. Utilizing this existing venue instead of building a new international-sized ice rink facility saved $10 million in construction costs and allowed

neg: Elizabeth Swaney Berkeley Swaney was the coxswain for the rowing team. She first thought she would try competing in bobsleigh as a pilot, but was told she was too small to be competitive in the sport. She then turned to skeleton and freestyle skiing, in which she sought to represent Venezuela, her mother's homeland, at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She started skiing for Hungary in 2015, based on her grandparents' country of birth. Swaney qualified for the 2018 Winter Olympics representing Hungary in half-pipe skiing. Beginning in 2013 she attended all the World Cup qualifying events over the two Olympic qualifying years,

neg: Dropping in the coping into a position like in a tail stall. They then put their front foot on the deck, which now hangs over the half-pipe, lean forward, and start skating the half-pipe. Dropping in Dropping in is a skateboarding trick with which a skateboarder can start skating a half-pipe by dropping into it from the coping instead of starting from the bottom and pumping gradually for more speed. When a skateboarder drops in, they use their gravitational potential energy to gain initial velocity, allowing the skater to skate longer before exhausting themself and thus to take more runs. When a

neg: Elizabeth Swaney 34th in her run up to the Olympics. The Olympic quota system also aided in her qualifying. While 24 women were able to compete in half-pipe competition, there are limits on the number of skiers each country could send. The maximum a country could send was twenty six (with a maximum of fourteen men and fourteen women) across all freestyle skiing events. So while the United States had six women ranked within the top 20 in the world in halfpipe skiing, only four were allowed to compete in the Olympics based on the quota system. Between the quota system and

neg: Australia at the Winter Olympics and Australian officials publicly declared their expectations of medal success. Aerial skiing medal hopeful Lydia Ierodiaconou injured herself when she landed badly on the second qualification jump, while Jacqui Cooper, who placed first in the qualification round, crashed in both of her finals jumps. Camplin won bronze, her second Olympic medal. Dale Begg-Smith, considered the favourite in moguls skiing, won gold in the event. Torah Bright was rated as a medal chance in snowboarding half-pipe, and came fifth. Damon Hayler, rated as a medal chance in snowboard cross, came seventh. Michelle Steele, a beach flag sprinter less than two years

neg: Australia at the Winter Olympics Australian Institute of Winter Sports) was created. It was given a million-dollar annual budget; for the first time, Australia had a federal government–funded full-time winter sports training program to accompany the Australian Institute of Sport. This led to a steady rise in the number of Australians who won medals at World Cup events in the immediate years after the OWIA's creation. After the 2010 Olympics, the OWIA mooted plans to build a half-pipe course at Perisher in the Australian Alps, and a water jump in Brisbane for aerials freestyle training. In 2010, the OWIA's new training base, Icehouse, was opened

neg: Great Britain at the 2006 Winter Olympics was advanced due to being interfered with. Two men and one woman skeleton athletes travelled to Turin. Shelley Rudman was selected as the woman's sole representative; the men were Kristan Bromley and Adam Pengilly Shelley Rudman won the silver medal in the women's event, while Bromley and Pengilly finished fifth and eighth respectively. The GB team had four competitors in the snowboarding events at the Olympics in 2006, with veteran competitor Lesley McKenna falling in both runs of the half pipe alongside first-time Olympians Kate Foster and Daniel Wakeham. First-time Olympian Zoe Gillings was the sole British competitor in the

neg: Hash Pipe its themes of homosexual prostitution and drug references. "Hash Pipe" was banned from UK airplay due to bosses at BBC Radio 1 taking a stance against the drug-taking culture implied in the title (hashish), although the station did play it when it featured on "The Official Chart". The song title is displayed as "H*** Pipe" on MTV, while the song was referred to simply as "Pipe" on TRL; the exact reason for the inconsistency of the censored song title is unclear. When the band performed this song on "Top of the Pops", the title and lyric was changed to "Half

neg: Mario Existing Video Game", and "Most Prolific Video Game Character", with Mario appearing in 116 distinct titles (not including remakes or re-releases). Mario appeared in the 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony to promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. In a pre-recorded video, the prime minister Shinzō Abe became Mario to use a Warp pipe planted by Doraemon from Shibuya Crossing to Maracanã Stadium. Abe then appeared dressed as Mario in an oversized Warp Pipe in the middle of the stadium. Mario Day (previously known as National Mario Day) is celebrated on March 10, as when that date is presented as

neg: Melo Imai trained up to 18 hours a day, and when they finished high school, he had them forgo post-secondary education to focus on snowboarding. Imai has said she envied others her age for being able to lead ordinary lives, and at one point attempted to take her life by slashing her wrists. Imai specialized in the half-pipe. She participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, but came in last after severely injuring herself. Upon her return to Japan, she suffered public humiliation, with commenters calling her "a waste of tax money" and "a national embarassment". She later stated, "For

neg: All Saints' Day School league championship in 2016 and came in second the following year in a "double overtime thriller." On February 19, 2018, All Saints' Day School alumnus, Brita Sigourney, won the Bronze Medal in the Women's Half-pipe freestyle skiing competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea. "I think I wanted it more this time. At my first Olympics, I just didn’t know what to expect, and I was just so happy to be there,” she said. “But this time, I really wanted it." Her father, Thad Sigourney, longtime ASDS Athletic Director, said after the event "I bit my tongue

neg: Edinburgh Water Company could be obtained, and Nor Loch also acted as a source for water. Water was first brought in from outside the city in 1676, when a lead pipe was installed from springs at Comiston, now a suburb to the south of the city. As more water was required, additional springs in Comiston were tapped, and the pipe was progressively replaced by a lead pipe between 1704 and 1720. Iron pipework replaced the lead in 1820. The network was extended in 1760, when wooden pipes were laid into the city from springs near Swanston, a little further to the south, but

neg: Elizabeth Swaney injuries, Swaney's ranking of 34 granted her qualification for the Olympics. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Swaney competed in the women's half-pipe, in what was described as a "perfectly mediocre run", without falling. She scored 30.00 and 31.40, "barely attempting a trick" in either of her two runs. She placed last in the competition, 13.60 points behind Laila Friis-Salling of Denmark, who had fallen in both of her qualifying runs. While critics called her Olympic performance a "mockery", she received support from Canadian gold medallist skier Cassie Sharpe who said that Swaney deserved to be at the competition. The incident

neg: 2014 Winter Olympics held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held

neg: Hash Pipe Pipe", which caused confusion as OPM had released their single "Heaven Is a Halfpipe" at the same time and incidentally performed the song on the show before Weezer. When Weezer performed the song on the Channel 4 weekend morning strand "T4", the title was read out as "Half Pipe", despite the fact that the word "hash" was still heard. Geffen Records originally did not want "Hash Pipe" to be the lead single off the album, citing the song's lurid content (a cross-dressing prostitute) as inappropriate. They suggested that the lead single should be "Don't Let Go." "Hash Pipe" is one

neg: Ayumu Hirano place at the Burton European Open, a second place at the Burton US Open (also behind Shaun White), and a third place at the Oakley Arctic Challenge, becoming the 2012/2013 Halfpipe World Tour Champion. With this, he became the youngest rider to achieve this title. In the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi, he won the silver, behind Switzerland's Iouri Podladtchikov. Hirano again took the silver in the half pipe at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang; with Shaun White of the U.S. taking the gold and Scotty James of Australia garnering the bronze. Hirano takes a goofy stance with his

neg: Holly Crawford Holly Crawford Holly Crawford (born 10 February 1984) is an Australian half-pipe snowboarder. She competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics and placed 22nd and 12th in her qualification runs. She ranked 19th out of 34 competitors and did not make the final. Crawford also competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics and finished 8th in the final having qualified 1st in the semifinals. She missed out on direct qualification to the final by one place, finishing 7th in the qualifying round. She won a silver medal in halfpipe at 2013 FIS Snowboarding World Championships, behind American Arielle Gold. She competed for

neg: Half-pipe the rider to gain more speed. Zaugg has created a Pipe Monster that for some years made the world's largest elliptical half-pipe. In winter sports, a halfpipe is called a superpipe. There are two major companies training snowcat operators and building half-pipes for events such as the X Games. Planet Snow Design and Snow Park Technologies were founded on this growing snowboard market. The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by freestyle skier, Peter Olenick. At Winter X Games XIV in Aspen, Colorado, Olenick achieved a height of Half-pipe A half-pipe is a structure used

neg: Olympic quota allocation system only have eighteen athletes, and a maximum of ten men or ten women. With the addition of slopestyle and half-pipe in the Sochi Olympics in 2014 the quotas were increased to 282 total athletes, 26 per country, and 14 per gender. This resulted in countries having to limit their participation, despite having eligible athletes. For example, Canada could have sent 33 participants based on international ranking, however they were limited to 26 quota spots. For the 2018 Winter Olympics, the number of athletes participating remained the same, but the number of quota spots increased to a maximum of thirty per

neg: 2014 Winter Olympics sports. A total of twelve new events were contested, making it the largest Winter Olympics to date. "Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline." On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games. The events included a Figure skating team event, Women's ski jumping, Mixed relay biathlon, Ski half-pipe, and Team relay luge. On 4 July 2011, the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program. These

neg: Winter X Games XIV Winter X Games XIV Winter X Games XIV were held from January 28 to January 31, 2010, in Aspen, Colorado. They were the 9th consecutive Winter X Games to be held in Aspen. The events were broadcast on ESPN. The following were the events at Winter X Games 14. Winter X Games XIV took place just two weeks before the start of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Many of the events such as the snowboard cross, ski cross, and half pipe events acted as a prelude and set the tone for the Vancouver Olympics. Kaya Turski of Canada landed

neg: Scotty James for him so they bought the display board, for $10. James won the bronze medal in the men's half pipe competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, behind Shaun White of the United States' gold medal in the event and Ayumu Hirano of Japan's silver. 2015 [Australian athlete of the year]] http://corporate.olympics.com.au/news/peel-and-james-crowned-snowsports-athlete-of-the-year Scotty James Scott James (born 6 July 1994) is an Australian snowboarder. He was the flag bearer for Australia at the 2018 Winter Olympics, where he won a bronze medal in halfpipe. James first competed on the international circuit as a 13-year-old at the 2010 Europa Cup

neg: Australia at the Winter Olympics Games in Vancouver Australia had its most successful Winter Olympics taking home two gold and one silver medal. Begg-Smith won a silver in the moguls, while Torah Bright and Lydia Lassila won the women's half-pipe snowboarding and aerial freestyle skiing respectively. At the 2014 Games, Australia sent its largest ever Winter Olympic Team, 60 athletes, to Sochi, competing in 10 sports. The Sochi Team included 31 female athletes making it the first Australian Olympic Team, Summer or Winter, with more female athletes than male. Australia again won three medals with David Morris (aerial skiing) and Torah Bright (snowboard halfpipe) winning

neg: Michael Michalchuk circuit where he would achieve several top ten positions including taking a third placing during the event in Whistler. Michalchuk gained 2002 Winter Olympic qualification after a strong performance in Alpe d'Huez, France in early 2002 but after making his second Olympics he performed poorly failing to qualify for the finals in the half-pipe event and eventually finished a disappointing twenty-seventh. Since the 2002 Olympics Michalchuk has been further hampered by injury and his performances have suffered, between 2002 and 2005 he only achieved a sole top ten placing on the world cup circuit and then took the entire 2006

neg: Skate or Die 2: The Search for Double Trouble also blast other skates to pick up goodies, paintball clips, and throwing weapons. The stage ends when the player finds and defeats the Mayor's wife in a showdown. The second cut scene shows the aftermath of the showdown. The hero heads to the local half-pipe only to find it being demolished. He is confronted by a construction worker, who informs the hero that since the half-pipe was built without a permit, it must be torn down. When the hero asks what they (the town's skaters) are supposed to do, the construction worker gruffly replies he should get a job so

neg: Wanata then nimbly squatted on the office floor, filled his pipe and enjoyed his usual half-hour smoke." Wa-na-ta's smoking pipe was his most precious possession. "A titled English ranch-owner who knew of his importance in history offered any price that the old chief would name for the pipe and pouch, but the chief disdained to listen to any offer of money. But when I squatted beside him on the floor, where he was puffing meditatively on his long red-stone pipe, to tell him of leaving next week for a trip west, he arose instantly, untied his belt, laid both pouch and

neg: Half-pipe Half-pipe A half-pipe is a structure used in gravity extreme sports such as snowboarding, skateboarding, skiing, freestyle BMX, skating and scooter riding. The structure resembles a cross-section of a swimming pool, essentially two concave ramps (or quarter-pipes), topped by copings and decks, facing each other across a flat transition, also known as a "tranny". Originally half-pipes were half sections of a large diameter pipe. Since the 1980s, half-pipes contain an extended "flat bottom" between the quarter-pipes; the original style half-pipes are no longer built. Flat ground provides time to regain balance after landing and more time to prepare for the

neg: Half-pipe skiing form of half-pipe skiing that utilizes a superpipe (large halfpipe used in extreme sports), instead of a half-pipe. It has been a part of the Winter X Games since 2002. The 2012 Winter X Games champion was David Wise with a high score of 93.00. Half-pipe skiing is considered to be a dangerous sport compared to other forms of skiing. In January 2012, Sarah Burke died due to injuries suffered during a training accident. Helmets are required during competition, and there are airbags on the sides of pipes during practice runs. Colorado governor Bill Owens signed a law which protected

neg: Iron pipe scandal Iron pipe scandal The iron pipe scandal (Swedish: "järnrörsskandalen") was a political scandal in Sweden involving individuals related to the Sweden Democrats (Swedish: "Sverigedemokraterna", SD). It occurred in 2010 but was only brought to mainstream public attention in 2012. Erik Almqvist, Kent Ekeroth and Christian Westling, all high-ranking members of the Sweden Democrats (the first two were members of parliament when the incident was uncovered, Ekeroth as their candidate as Attorney General), had been involved in a verbal altercation with comedian Soran Ismail. Footage from the incident, captured by Ekeroth, shows that Erik Almqvist had told Ismail, who is of

neg: Hammar experiment into two half-rays. One half-ray was sent in the transverse direction into a heavy walled steel pipe terminated with lead plugs. In this pipe, the ray was reflected by mirror D and sent into the longitudinal direction to another mirror C at the other end of the pipe. There it was reflected and sent in the transverse direction to a mirror B outside of the pipe. From B it traveled back to A in the longitudinal direction. The other half-ray traversed the same path in the opposite direction. The topology of the light path was that of a Sagnac interferometer

neg: David Pipe David Pipe David Ronald Pipe (born 5 November 1983) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or full-back for Newport County. Born in Caerphilly, Wales, Pipe began his career in the youth system at Coventry City. He made his senior debut for the Sky Blues on 31 August 2002 as a second-half substitute for Gary McSheffrey in a 1–0 home defeat against Nottingham Forest. He scored his first senior goal in an away win over Gillingham on 5 October 2002 when he netted alongside Jay Bothroyd. At the start of the 2003–04 season, he was limited to

neg: Venues of the 1976 Winter Olympics and women's event had to be clear cut in order to remove the trees located there along with its slope being reduced from 66-71% to 28-31%. A total of was moved along with the canalization of a deep ditch long. Seefeld used lesser loops for the cross-country courses compared to the 1964 Games. New lighting was installed in Olympiahalle to accommodate color television along with a new loudspeaker system. A plastic pipe under the ice had to be replaced when American figure skater Terry Kubicka broke through the ice, piercing the pipe, and creating a coolant leak. Two new compressors

neg: Pipe (fluid conveyance) of counterfeit materials. As a backup to etching/labeling of the material identification on the pipe, positive material identification (PMI) is performed using a handheld device; the device scans the pipe material using an emitted electromagnetic wave (x-ray fluorescence/XRF) and receives a reply that is spectrographically analyzed. Pipe sizes can be confusing because the terminology may relate to historical dimensions. For example, a half-inch iron pipe does not have any dimension that is a half inch. Initially, a half inch pipe did have an inner diameter of —but it also had thick walls. As technology improved, thinner walls became possible, but

neg: Petroleum Warfare Department ships to the shore terminals. These same barges also laid short lengths of the relatively flexible HAIS pipe at the landfall ends of the steel HAMEL pipes. Coupling devices were designed so that lengths of pipe could be joined while at sea, an operation that could be completed in about 20 minutes. The couplings incorporated thin copper disks that would maintain the pressure of water kept in the pipes prevent distortion during handling and laying; the disks were designed to burst when the fuel pumps brought pipes up to the operating pressure. An all-steel pipe was also developed; this became

neg: Walter Devereux (born 1173) king 1 mark for an agreement between him and Cecilia Devereux regarding the 33 acres in Elnodestune. The payment was guaranteed by pledge of John de Dunhers and Lawrence Canute. On 26 January 1222 Cecilia Devereux paid the court a half mark to move a case from the regional court to the superior courts held during Easter term at Westminster. The plea involved the complaint of Richard Fulcon (Fulton) concerning 2 knight's fees in Alnathestun (Elnodestune). The half mark was recorded as paid on the Pipe Roll for Michaelmas 1223. On 14 January 1224 Richard, son of Godfrey Fulton, brought

neg: Dropping in Dropping in Dropping in is a skateboarding trick with which a skateboarder can start skating a half-pipe by dropping into it from the coping instead of starting from the bottom and pumping gradually for more speed. When a skateboarder drops in, they use their gravitational potential energy to gain initial velocity, allowing the skater to skate longer before exhausting themself and thus to take more runs. When a skateboarder drops in, they stand on the deck of a half-pipe, put their back foot on the tail of the skateboard, and push it so that the back wheels just roll over

neg: Half-pipe next trick. Half-pipe applications include leisure recreation, skills development, competitive training, amateur and professional competition, demonstrations, and as an adjunct to other types of skills training. A skilled athlete can perform in a half-pipe for an extended period of time by pumping to attain extreme speeds with relatively little effort. Large (high amplitude) half-pipes make possible many of the aerial tricks in BMX, skating and skateboarding. For winter sports such as freestyle skiing and snowboarding, a half-pipe can be dug out of the ground or snow perhaps combined with snow buildup. The plane of the transition is oriented downhill at

neg: Carrabassett Valley Academy building to replace the Capricorn located closer to the dorms is planned for construction in the near future. “It's on the list” she said. And when asked about what would come of the old Capricorn, Punderson said that it would either be sold or CVA would keep it and use it for employee housing. Before the Anti-Gravity Center was built, there were weight rooms in the basement of the Capricorn and a half-pipe for skateboarding behind the Lumberjack, which was the girls dorms. CVA wanted to cover the half pipe, but the cover did not follow the building regulations in

neg: Gordon Walker (piper) Gordon Walker (piper) Gordon Walker is a piper. He started playing bagpipes at the age of four and a half under Pipe Major David Kay. He enlisted as a boy soldier in The Royal Highland Fusiliers and was sent for training to Bridge of Don, where he came under the guidance of Pipe Major Iain M. Morrison (Queen's Own Highlanders). Gordon had two years of instruction with Iain before he joined the battalion in West Berlin. Steady progress through the ranks followed when Gordon was invited to take the Pipe Major's certificate at Edinburgh Castle and passed with Distinguished honours.

neg: Mammoth Mountain Ski Area of the major attractions of the ski resort. Many of the top professionals in the sport, including 2006, 2010, and 2018 Winter Olympics gold medalist Shaun White, come to practice and compete in the Super Pipe and Super-Duper Pipe. Mammoth Mountain also has one of the longest ski seasons in North America, which averages from the start of November to Memorial Day. The resort occasionally enjoys a longer season, as in 2016/2017, when on November the 8th and did not close until the August the 6th. The 1994–95 season was Mammoth Mountain's longest, over ten months, with the resort operating

neg: Pipe Spring National Monument gathered grass seeds, hunted animals, and raised crops near the springs for at least 1,000 years. Antonio Armijo discovered the springs when he passed through the area in 1829, when he established by the Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail. Pipe Spring was named by the 1858 Latter-day Saint missionary expedition to the Hopi mesas led by Jacob Hamblin. In the 1860s Mormon pioneers from St. George, Utah, led by James M. Whitmore brought cattle to the area, and a large cattle ranching operation was established. In 1866 the Apache, Navajo and Paiute tribes of the region joined the

neg: Australia at the Winter Olympics Cooper returned for a final campaign and came fifth. Begg-Smith was again the favorite after three consecutive World Cup wins, but he was narrowly beaten by local skier Alexandre Bilodeau. Russian-born short-track speed skater Tatiana Borodulina, whose citizenship was expedited to allow her to compete, made the semifinals in two events, placing 7th and 11th. In the snowboard cross, Hayler came tenth, while Alex Pullin was fastest in the qualification time trial, but crashed in the first round of racing. Scott Kneller came seventh in the men's ski cross, while Holly Crawford came eighth in half-pipe and Emma Lincoln-Smith tenth

neg: Bobsleigh coming due to boredom. He also did not want to make enemies in the town from locals injured by bobsleds. He opened the world's first natural ice half-pipe track in the late 1870s. Formal competitions started down the natural ice Cresta Run in 1884, which was built in an annual partnership between guests and local people. The run, which is still in operation , has served as a host track for skeleton at two Winter Olympics (1928 and 1948). As one of the few natural weather tracks in the world, it does not use artificial refrigeration. It is not known

neg: Kaitlyn Farrington Kaitlyn Farrington Kaitlyn Brooke Farrington (born December 18, 1989) is an American former professional snowboarder who grew up on a cattle ranch near Bellevue, Idaho, and now lives in Salt Lake City, Utah. She won the gold medal in the women's half-pipe competition at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Prior to her Olympic debut, she competed in the 2010 European Winter X Games and won the gold medal. Farrington was born to parents Gary and Suz Farrington; she has an older sister. The Farringtons own a ranch near Sun Valley, Idaho, and Kaitlyn grew up riding horses. Suz

neg: Smoky (dog) Gulf, Luzon, a crucial airfield for Allied war planes. Early in the Luzon campaign, the Signal Corps needed to run a telegraph wire through a pipe that was in diameter. Soil had sifted through the corrugated sections at the pipe joinings, filling as much as half of the pipe, giving Smoky only four inches of headway in some places. As Wynne himself told the story when he appeared on NBC-TV after World War II: Smoky’s work saved approximately 250 ground crewmen from having to move around and keep operational 40 United States fighters and reconnaissance planes, while a construction detail

neg: Bobsleigh and byways of St Moritz, bobsledding was eventually banned from the public highway. In the winter of 1903/1904 the Badrutt family, owners of the historic Kulm Hotel and the Palace Hotel, allowed Emil Thoma to organise the construction of the first familiarly configured 'half-pipe' track in the Kulm Hotel Park, ending in the village of Cresta. It has hosted the sport during two Olympics and is still in use today. International bobsleigh competitions are governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, also known as FIBT from the French . National competitions are often governed by bodies such as the

neg: Montgenèvre The 2006 Winter Olympics were held in the Via Lattea. The resort is famed for lots of sun, good snow record and very good for intermediates. There is ski from your door accommodation. The resort height begins at 1,860 metres and its highest point (at the top of the Le Chalvet lift) is 2,577 metres. It was built in 1907 and celebrated its centenary year in 2007. It claims to be one of the first ski resorts in France. The town lacks night life, which makes it family friendly. Snowboard facilities include a half pipe, a snow park and two

neg: Head Music day when they did a test-run of "Savoir Faire" with Osborne at the trial sessions. He recalls being offered a crack pipe by two of Anderson's friends. "Naively assuming it to be a hash pipe, I took them up on the offer and was surprised to experience a sensation akin to inhaling several bottles of poppers at the same time. This was my first and last personal encounter with crack." Anderson was addicted to the drug for two and a half years, but stopped in late 1999 when somebody very close to him became ill. He has been clean since.

neg: Liberty Mountain Resort West Side Park, White Lightning, Upper Blue Streak Extremely Difficult Trails: Upper Ultra, Vertigo Park, Upper Eastwind, Upper Strata The Half Pipe at Liberty Mountain has since been removed as it was deemed too much work to maintain and cover with snow. The Half Pipe was usually only open for at most a month of the ski season, but some years not even open at all. The area where the Half Pipe was located was filled in and is now the East Side terrain park. Liberty Mountain Resort Liberty Mountain Resort is a resort located in southern Pennsylvania. During the

neg: David Pipe previously played for Wales at youth level and earned 12 caps for the under-21 team. David Pipe David Ronald Pipe (born 5 November 1983) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or full-back for Newport County. Born in Caerphilly, Wales, Pipe began his career in the youth system at Coventry City. He made his senior debut for the Sky Blues on 31 August 2002 as a second-half substitute for Gary McSheffrey in a 1–0 home defeat against Nottingham Forest. He scored his first senior goal in an away win over Gillingham on 5 October 2002 when he

neg: Half-Pipe Hustle the autonomous period, it was possible for each team to earn a total of 60 points. During the operator control period, each alliance could earn a total of 90 points. To be parked on a white platform, a robot could not be touching the field's foam mats. To "own" a goal, a team or alliance needed to have more of its color balls that its opponents' in that goal. Half-Pipe Hustle Half-Pipe Hustle was the first official FIRST Vex Challenge (FVC) game, taking place in 2005-2006. In this challenge, robotics teams built robots from the Vex design kit to compete

neg: Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena with Kanthaugen to host freestyle skiing and half-pipe snowboarding. The venue is designated a Norway's national freestyle skiing venue and is the main training ground for the national team. The area around the venue is a popular recreational area for Lillehammer. Since 1995, Lillehammer Olympiapark has rented out toboggans for use in the hill, including use of the ski lift. Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena () is a freestyle skiing stadium located in the hillside area of Kanthaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. Opened in 1992, it was built for the 1994 Winter Olympics. The venue consists of three hills—one each

neg: Freestyle skiing Freestyle skiing Freestyle skiing is a skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe and slopestyle as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins, and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. It is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, as well as many other names around the world. Ski acrobatics have been practiced since the 1930s. Aerial skiing was popularized in the 1950s by Olympic gold medalist Stein Eriksen. Early US competitions were held in the mid-1960s. The International Ski Federation (FIS) recognized freestyle skiing as a

neg: Police band (music) the band also included the Expo 86 and the Commonwealth Conference in Vancouver, as well as the Calgary Winter Olympics in 1988. To this day, many RCMP officers continue the original band's tradition by serving in smaller police bands in areas of RCMP operation. Outside of the RCMP, pipe bands are also maintained in the various police departments throughout the country. Examples of this include but are not limited to: the Ottawa Police Service Pipe Band, Hamilton Police Pipe Band, Greater Victoria Police Pipe Band and the Toronto Police Pipe Band. The Jamaica Constabulary Force Band (JCF Band) is a

neg: Bibian Mentel Mentel started her snowboard career in 1993. In 1996 she participated in her first FIS Snowboard World Cup competition. Mentel became six times Dutch champion in the regular, able-bodied half-pipe and snowboard cross disciplines, before being struck by medical troubles. During a practise run for the championships in Breckenridge, Colorado in December 1999, she suffered an injury in her ankle. She completed the season, however the ankle remained a source of concern. X-rays showed a spot on her tibia which was diagnosed as a malign bone tumor. The tumor was removed and Mentel started training for the 2002 Winter Olympics

neg: Ryan Lochte he swam four years ago when he won the gold medal at the 2008 Games, which was then a world record. Half an hour later, Lochte took on Phelps in the 200m individual medley. He won a silver medal behind Phelps in what was thought at the time to be the last head-to-head race of their careers, as Phelps retired after the Games. This was the third consecutive Olympics in which Lochte won a medal in the 200m individual medley. His five medals brought his total to 11 Olympic medals, tied for second among male swimmers with compatriots Mark Spitz

neg: Deltora Quest 2 beginning, Lief leaves Del and goes to Tora, seemingly to find a bride. While he is away, Jasmine discovers the crystal Prandine used to contact the Shadow Lord with. It shows her little sister Faith, trapped in the Shadowlands. Meanwhile, the Deltoran Annals (a history of Deltora) are brought back by the chief librarian Josef when he returns from hiding and Lief learns of the Pirran Pipe, the only thing the Shadow Lord fears. What is now the Shadowlands was once the land of Pirra. It was protected by the magical music of the Pirran Pipe. But one day, the

neg: Tony Hawk's American Wasteland VanZandt, a rough type who isn't fond of outsiders. Iggy is also initially hostile to the player, but allows them to crash at the ranch after he gathers wood to help finish his half-pipe. While Iggy skates the half-pipe, the player notes Iggy's skating skills, with the group revealing that Iggy was a professional skater back in the day, but couldn't handle the publicity and dropped out of the public eye. After Iggy compliments the player's work on the half-pipe, Mindy comes up with an idea to fix the ranch up and make it into a full-on skatepark, which the

neg: United States at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics U.S. Figure Skating announced that those spots will not be filled. The United States has qualified two male and two female skiers, one each in the half-pipe and ski cross categories for each gender. The United States sent one boys' ice hockey team consisting of 17 athletes. The team roster is listed as follows: Head Coach: Ben Smith<br> Athletic Trainer: Stan Wong Final rank: 4 The United States qualified three male and two female lugers. The United States qualified one athlete in Nordic combined. The United States qualified one male and one female short track speed skater. Warren was relegated

neg: Filip Flisar Filip Flisar Filip Flisar (born 28 September 1987) is a Slovenian freestyle skier competing in ski cross discipline. He started as alpine skier in fast disciplines. He competed at two World Junior Alpine Skiing Championships and a couple of FIS Ski European Cup events, but had no notable success. He joined the FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup. His World Cup debut performance in 2007–08 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup season was a ski cross competition on March 6, 2008 in Grindelwald, Switzerland. In the 2008–09 season he also competed in half-pipe event. He represented Slovenia at the 2010 Winter Olympics

neg: Half Pipe (roller coaster) "U" and trains are loaded at the bottom of it. LIM engines accelerate the train up both sides of the track. A typical ride consists of approximately five to six cycles of the train traveling through the track. There is another Half Pipe, identical to the others, on top of the Don Quijote store in Roppongi, Tokyo. It was completed in December 2005, but it never opened, and remains closed. On October 5, 2013, the ride apparently derailed "and crashed" early in the morning. The park's site lists it as closed for the remainder of the season. Half Pipe (roller

neg: Saw 3D Flashbacks show that John Kramer found him unconscious by the steam pipe and nursed him back to health, and Gordon has assisted him ever since. This was known only by Jill, who delivered a package to him at the hospital, which contained a videotape in which John asked him to watch over Jill and take action if anything happened to her. As a result, Gordon has Hoffman brought to the bathroom from the first film and shackled by the ankle to a pipe. When Mark tries to reach for the hacksaw used to sever Gordons leg, in an effort to

neg: Half-Pipe Hustle Half-Pipe Hustle Half-Pipe Hustle was the first official FIRST Vex Challenge (FVC) game, taking place in 2005-2006. In this challenge, robotics teams built robots from the Vex design kit to compete in competitions across the United States and in other nations, in matches consisting of a 45-second autonomous period, followed by a 2-minute operator control period in which the robots are controlled by remote control. The teams were put into two-team alliances, with two alliances competing against each other in each match, one being the red alliance, and the other the blue alliance. During the autonomous period, teams' robots competed

neg: Half-pipe a slight grade to allow riders to use gravity to develop speed and facilitate drainage of melt. In the absence of snow, dug out half-pipes can be used by dirtboarders, motorcyclists, and mountain bikers. Performance in a half-pipe has been rapidly increasing over recent years. The current limit performed by a top-level athlete for a rotational trick in a half-pipe is 1440 degrees (four full 360 degree rotations). In top level competitions, rotation is generally limited to emphasize style and flow. In the early 1970s, swimming pools were used by skateboarders in a manner similar to surfing ocean waves. In

neg: American Cast Iron Pipe Company cement-lined pipe, which became the industry standard. The financial crash of 1929 had little effect on the company at first, but soon, business started to decline resulting in a loss of jobs. But by the mid-1930s, government spending on municipal water supplies, fire protection and sanitation brought a resurgence in business and helped restore jobs. In 1939, business was further boosted by federal defense spending to support the impending war. When the country entered World War II, AMERICAN was asked to apply its centrifugal casting experience to another metal – steel. The manufacturing of steel parts for ships, planes and

neg: Pipeline transport considered the lifeline of the Roman Empire. The ancient Chinese also made use of channels and pipe systems for public works. The famous Han Dynasty court eunuch Zhang Rang (d. 189 AD) once ordered the engineer Bi Lan to construct a series of square-pallet chain pumps outside the capital city of Luoyang. These chain pumps serviced the imperial palaces and living quarters of the capital city as the water lifted by the chain pumps was brought in by a stoneware pipe system. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move

neg: Triumph Street Pipe Band - 2013. From 2014-2015 lead drummer Peter Hendrickson led the corps. When he left the organization, he was replaced by long-time member Cameron Reid. Though Cameron contributed greatly to the band for nearly 9 years, his tenure as lead drummer was short - he was replaced by Gary Corkin only one year later. Gary Corkin brought with him a UK and Vancouver based snare corps, save for the midsection, which remains BC-based. In August 2017, after a one year break from the World Pipe Band Championships, DTSPB competed and successfully qualified as one of the 12 bands in the Grade

neg: Lurline Baths for bathing and in swimming pools was common in the 19th century before pollution became an issue. The company built a water distribution system of the intake pipe located 600 feet offshore, almost 4 miles of iron pipe along present-day Geary Boulevard, a water pump, and the reservoir tank located on Laurel Heights. Gravity brought the water to downtown and the customers. The baths were immortalized by Thomas Edison in August 1897 when he captured 20 seconds (50 feet) of film featuring scenes from the Lurline pool, the main feature is the water slide with some sitting, others lying down,

neg: Freestyle skiing as slopestyle and halfpipe. Mogul skis are used in moguls and sometimes in aerials. Specially designed racing skis are used in ski cross. Ski bindings took a major design change to include plate bindings mounted to the bottom of the skiers boot to allow for multi-directional release. Freestyle skiing Freestyle skiing is a skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe and slopestyle as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins, and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. It is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, as

neg: Ty Page stage. The show set a new record for the largest audience in the history of skateboarding – an estimated 300,000 – and was aired nationally on ABC. Ty’s half-pipe skating was highlighted on the cover of "Wild World of Skateboarding" Magazine in July 1978. Ty Page was a leader in the 1970s skateboard world. He was a true professional with a genuine interest in promoting the sport in a positive manner. He performed at safety demonstrations and consistently recommended the use of safety equipment and emphasized not riding in the streets regardless of traffic. He brought integrity to the sport

neg: Michael Michalchuk season off from professional touring. Michalchuk became the first snowboarder to perform a double back flip in halfpipe competition during 1997 around the time when he first turned professional. After performing the move he gained much media attention and would then often use the move in many professional competitions. The Michalchuk is a pipe trick invented by Michael Michalchuk in the late 1990s and has emerged as his most lasting legacy in modern snowboarding. It's a wildcat-style back flip off the heelside wall of a half-pipe or quarter-pipe. Michael Michalchuk Michael Michalchuk (born April 20, 1977 in Victoria, British Columbia)

neg: Operation Hurricane A water supply was also developed. To bring water from the Fortescue River, a quantity of Victaulic-coupling pipe was brought from the Department of Works in Sydney and the Woomera Rocket Range in South Australia. Because the pipe was laid around obstacles, this proved to be insufficient. No more pipe was in storage, so a firm in Melbourne was asked to make some. An order was placed on a Friday evening, and the pipe was shipped the following Thursday morning, making its way to the Fortescue River by road and rail. The system delivered up to per hour to a

neg: Leven Canal was bought by Frank Hopkinson of Conisbrough for the sum of £1,950. Mr Hopkinson was a motor dealer, and has since joined the Inland Waterways Association. It is currently managed by Trailer & Marina (Leven) Ltd. The waterway was cut in half when it was decided not to maintain the aqueduct over the "Old Sal" or Holderness Drain. The canal bed has been replaced by a pipe over the drain, which is part of the flood defence system of this low-lying area, and about of canal adjacent to this, under a pipe bridge, has been filled in. The rest of

neg: United States at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics to the B final after the semifinal, and placed first in the B final. She finished fourth overall.<br> Warren qualified for the C final after the semifinal, and placed fourth in the C final. She finished eleventh overall. The United States qualified one male and two female athletes in the skeleton event. The United States qualified one male and one female athlete in the ski jumping event. The United States qualified one male and one female snowboarder each in the men's and women's half-pipe and slopestyle competitions. The United States qualified one female speed skater. United States at the 2012

neg: 2016 Winter Youth Olympics freestyle skiing and half-pipe snowboarding. Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track is located at Hunderfossen and is the only bobsleigh, luge and skeleton track in the Nordic Countries. Kristins Hall hosted both ice hockey and curling. Gjøvik Olympic Cavern Hall is located in a man-made cave and featured the short track speed skating events. In Hamar, Vikingskipet hosted long track speed skating and Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre hosted figure skating. Alpine skiing and slopestyle snowboarding were undertaken at Hafjell in Øyer. Stampesletta, a multi-sports complex next to Kristins Hall, hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. The medal ceremonies took place in

neg: St Blasius Church, Shanklin and so it remained till 1852, when transepts were added, the church lengthened westward and a bell turret formed at the intersection of the roofs. A lych-gate with clock and bell was put up as a memorial to Mr. White-Popham. There is a good Renaissance oak chest, apparently brought from elsewhere. There are memorial tablets to members of the Hill and Popham families. The registers date from 1717. The pipe organ dates from 1874 by the builder Forster and Andrews. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. St Blasius Church, Shanklin St. Blasius

neg: Pipe (fluid conveyance) the outside diameter stayed the same so it could mate with existing older pipe, increasing the inner diameter beyond half an inch. The history of copper pipe is similar. In the 1930s, the pipe was designated by its internal diameter and a wall thickness. Consequently, a copper pipe had a outside diameter. The outside diameter was the important dimension for mating with fittings. The wall thickness on modern copper is usually thinner than , so the internal diameter is only "nominal" rather than a controlling dimension. Newer pipe technologies sometimes adopted a sizing system as its own. PVC pipe uses

neg: Michael Michalchuk after he was plagued by several injuries including blowing out his right knee and a recurring achilles tendon injury and it would not be until 2001 when he would again compete on a regular basis. His only glory during this time came at the end of 2000 when competing in the "Nike All Conditions Gear Indoor" competition he would take out first place after landing a "near flawless" double back flip during the quarter-pipe competition and taking home a car and $32,000 dollars in prize money. 2001 saw Michalchuk injury free and compete in nearly a full half-pipe world cup

neg: Comstock Lode forced through the pipe at tremendous pressure. Water was brought to the inlet in the Sierra Nevada range from sources of supply in two large covered flumes, and at the outlet end of the pipe was delivered in two large flumes a distance of to Virginia City. The pipe was constructed of sheets of wrought iron riveted together, each section fastened with three rows of rivets. Lead was used to secure the joints between pipe sections. The first flow of water reached Gold Hill and Virginia City on August 1, 1873 with great fanfare. This accomplishment was the greatest pressurized