query: what is the smoggiest city in the united states

pos: Air pollution in the United States by 94%. Los Angeles has the most contaminated air in the country. With a population of roughly over 10 million, the Los Angeles area is a large basin with the Pacific Ocean to the west, and bounded prominently on the north and east by the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains. These mountains, part of the Transverse Ranges, exceed 10,000 feet in elevation and help form a natural trap, confining pollutants in the Los Angeles basin. Diesel engines, ports, motor vehicles, and industries are main sources of air pollution in Los Angeles. Frequent sunny days and low rainfall contribute to

pos: Communities for a Better Environment in the case study, Richmond’s air pollution was far worse and this can be due to the Chevron Refinery. Chevron is the largest employer in town but as CBE research has shown, compared with the statewide average for all business activity oil refining creates ten times fewer jobs. CBE works with various southern California communities especially the most polluted in the country. The Los Angeles area, Riverside communities, San Bernardino, and Orange County were ranked the smoggiest area in the nation in 2012 when it comes to air pollution. CBE works with other cities in southern California like Wilmington, Huntington

pos: Pasadena, California Pasadena, California Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located 10 miles (16 kilometers) northeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The estimated population of Pasadena was 142,647, in 2017, making it the 183rd-largest city in the United States. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County. Pasadena was incorporated on June 19, 1886, becoming one of the first cities to be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, following the city of Los Angeles (April 4, 1850). It is one of the primary cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for

pos: United States of America Cricket Association Broward Regional Park in Lauderhill, Florida. The Leo Magnus Cricket Complex in Los Angeles is an established cricket ground with four fields. The city of Indianapolis, Indiana built what it called a "world-class" cricket field as part of the $6 million Indianapolis World Sports Park. The facility opened in 2014. United States of America Cricket Association The United States of America Cricket Association (USACA), headquartered at Miami Beach was the national governing body for all cricket in the United States. The board was formed in 1965. USACA was an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council till 23 June 2017

neg: South Coast Air Basin of the four counties. In 1977, the legislature merged these four agencies into the South Coast Air Quality Management District—South Coast AQMD. The SCAB is the smoggiest region of the U.S., and the South Coast AQMD provides hourly reports throughout the district. The South Coast AQMD has jurisdiction over stationary sources of pollution, while the California Air Resources Board has jurisdiction for mobile sources of pollution, including automobiles and trucks. Since 2011 the South Coast AQMD also manages portions of two other desert air basins: the Salton Sea Air Basin in Riverside County, and the Mojave Desert Air Basin in

neg: Brush, Colorado Brush, Colorado The City of Brush is a Statutory City located in Morgan County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 5,463 at the 2010 United States Census. Brush, Colorado was named for Jared L. Brush, who was a Colorado cattle pioneer. Brush had never lived in Brush, Colorado, instead helping to settle what is now known as Greeley. Brush later served as Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, and liked to visit "his town" often. The town was incorporated by election in 1884. Brush is located at (40.2581366, -103.6321598). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total

neg: Spanish language in the United States American Spanish in the United States. Spanish was among the very first European languages spoken in North America, preceded only by Old Norse. Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States in 1493, with Columbus' arrival to Puerto Rico. Ponce de León explored what is now Florida in 1513. In 1565, the Spaniards founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in what is now the United States. In 1898, San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, became the oldest city in all of the U.S. territory: Juan

neg: Dow City, Iowa Dow City, Iowa Dow City is a city in Crawford County, Iowa, United States, along the Boyer River. The population was 510 at the 2010 census. Judge S. E. Dow settled at what is now Dow City in 1855. In 1869, he laid out the town in anticipation of the railroad being built through the settlement. The railroad depot was built in 1870. Dow City is the location of the historic Dow House, which was built in 1872. Dow City is located at (41.928195, -95.494475). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ,

neg: Highway authority in the United States Highway authority in the United States Highway authority in the United States includes a planning process of different forms of transportation and governmental funding given. Transportation in the United States creates mobility and access to different resources within cities. Some forms of transportation in the United States includes trolleys, metros, ferries, bus routes, highways, bicycling, trams and walking. All these forms are not used in every city. Each city based on the development and planning process of transportation decides what form of transportation fits best. One important factor in the planning process of transportation is the government interference such as

neg: Thornburg, Iowa Thornburg, Iowa Thornburg is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. The population was 67 at the 2010 census. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway built a 66-mile branch to What Cheer via Thornburg in 1879 The town was founded by the railroad and named in memory of Major Thomas T. Thornburgh, who died in the Meeker Massacre. By 1881, Thornburg was at the junction of the line to What Cheer and a branch to Montezuma Thornburg is located at (41.454978, -92.333929). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all

neg: Green City, Missouri Green City, Missouri Green City is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 657 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Green City traces its beginnings to April, 1880 when Sullivan County farmer Henry Pfeiffer commissioned surveyor Thomas J. Dockery to lay out the town in what had previously been a cornfield. The town plat consisted of fifty lots, each 60-by-130 feet. The impetus for the town was the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific railway, which laid tracks

neg: Atlantis, Florida Atlantis, Florida Atlantis is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to 2005 census estimates, the city had a population of 2,142. The city was named after the legendary island of Atlantis. Atlantis is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (2.84%) is water. It borders the Lake Worth Drainage (L-14) Canal on the north, Lantana Road to the south, Military Trail to the west and Congress Avenue to the east. The modern history of what became known as the city

neg: Venice, Florida Venice, Florida Venice is a city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The city includes what locals call "Venice Island", a portion of the mainland that is accessed via bridges over the artificially created Intracoastal Waterway. The city is located south of Nokomis and north of Englewood. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 20,746. It is noted for its large snowbird population and was voted as a top 10 Happiest Seaside Towns by Coastal Living. Venice is a principal city of the Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the

neg: Hebron, North Dakota Hebron, North Dakota Hebron ( ) is a city in Morton County, North Dakota, United States. It is part of the "Bismarck, ND Metropolitan Statistical Area" or "Bismarck-Mandan". The population was 747 at the 2010 census. Hebron was founded in 1885 and named after the West Bank city of Hebron. The first influx of settlers came from Johannestal, Crimea, in what was then South Russia. The city is home to the Hebron Brick Company. Hebron is located at (46.901835, -102.043642). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As

neg: Daphne, Alabama Daphne, Alabama Daphne () is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The city is located along I-10, 11 miles east of Mobile and 170 miles southwest of the state capital of Montgomery. The 2010 United States Census lists the population of the city as 21,570, making Daphne the most populous city in Baldwin County. It is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County. The inhabited history of what is now called Daphne dates at least to the Paleo-Indian period and Native American tribes around

neg: Daphne, Alabama Outpatient rehabilitation services are offered through various practitioners and through physician offices. Daphne, Alabama Daphne () is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The city is located along I-10, 11 miles east of Mobile and 170 miles southwest of the state capital of Montgomery. The 2010 United States Census lists the population of the city as 21,570, making Daphne the most populous city in Baldwin County. It is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County. The inhabited history of what is now called Daphne

neg: Native Americans in the United States villages (suburbs) linked together by a loose trading network, the largest city being Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center. The civilization flourished from the southern shores of the Great Lakes at Western New York and Western Pennsylvania in what is now the Eastern Midwest, extending south-southwest into the lower Mississippi Valley and wrapping easterly around the southern foot of the Appalachians barrier range into what is now the Southeastern United States. Numerous pre-Columbian societies were sedentary, such as the Pueblo peoples, Mandan, Hidatsa and others, and some established large settlements, even cities, such as Cahokia, in what is

neg: Neptune City, New Jersey Neptune City, New Jersey Neptune City is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,869, reflecting a decline of 349 (-6.7%) from the 5,218 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 221 (+4.4%) from the 4,997 counted in the 1990 Census. The Borough of Neptune City was incorporated on October 4, 1881, based on a referendum held on March 19, 1881. The boundaries included all of present-day Neptune City, along with what is now Avon-by-the-Sea and the southern portion of Bradley Beach. On

neg: Surf City, New Jersey Surf City, New Jersey Surf City is a borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,205, reflecting a decline of 237 (-16.4%) from the 1,442 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 67 (+4.9%) from the 1,375 counted in the 1990 Census. The borough borders the Atlantic Ocean on Long Beach Island. What is now Surf City was originally formed as Long Beach City borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 19, 1894, from portions of Stafford Township, based on

neg: Stanton, Texas Stanton, Texas Stanton is a city in and the county seat of Martin County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,492 at the 2010 census. In 1887, New York native John Scharbauer established a cattle ranch in what later became known as Stanton. Stanton is located at (32.130740, -101.792072). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and 0.56% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,556 people, 854 households, and 651 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,458.1 people per

neg: Enid, Oklahoma companies operated mills and grain elevators in the area, creating what is now the Enid Terminal Grain Elevators Historic District, and earning Enid the titles of "Wheat Capital of Oklahoma", "Queen Wheat City of Oklahoma," and "Wheat Capital of the United States" Located in Northwestern Oklahoma, Enid sits at the eastern edge of the Great Plains. It is located at (36.400583, -97.880784), north of Oklahoma City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.12%) is covered by water. Enid's weather conditions are characterized by hot summers, cold,

neg: Canyon City, Texas remember the story of the sunken city and the Army Corps of Engineers relocation of Canyon City to what now is Canyon Lake, population 16,870 at the 2000 census. Canyon City, Texas Canyon City is a ghost town located on the Guadalupe River in Comal County, Texas, United States, in what is now Canyon Lake. Canyon City is said to be a small town on the Guadalupe River built in the mid-19th century in the Canyon Basin, north of San Antonio. The city is said to be fully intact and the use of SCUBA equipment can allow divers to see

neg: Morristown, Tennessee Morristown, Tennessee Morristown is a city in and the county seat of Hamblen County, Tennessee, United States. Morristown also extends into Jefferson County on the west and southern ends. The population was 29,137 at the 2010 United States Census. It is the principal city of the Morristown, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Grainger, Hamblen, and Jefferson counties. The Morristown metropolitan area is also a part of the Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette Combined Statistical Area. Morristown is primarily located in Hamblen County, while a small portion of the city is located in Jefferson County. The first European settler of what

neg: Wartburg, Tennessee Wartburg, Tennessee Wartburg is a city in Morgan County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 918 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Morgan County. In 1805, the Cherokee ceded what is now Morgan County to the United States by signing the Third Treaty of Tellico. The first settlers arrived in the area shortly thereafter. Wartburg was founded in the mid-1840s by George Gerding, a land speculator who bought up large tracts of land in what is now Morgan County and organized the East Tennessee Colonization Company with plans to establish a series of German colonies in

neg: Agenda, Kansas Agenda, Kansas Agenda is a city in Republic County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 68. Agenda (formerly Neva) was laid out in 1887 on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad line. The name Agenda derives from Latin meaning "“what ought to be done". The post office in Agenda was discontinued in 1998. Agenda is located at (39.708897, -97.432156). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 68 people, 29 households, and 18 families

neg: Pewaukee (village), Wisconsin Pewaukee (village), Wisconsin Pewaukee is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 8,166 at the 2010 census. The village is surrounded by the City of Pewaukee. The city was incorporated from what was formerly the Town of Pewaukee, and the remainder of the town later incorporated as a city. The name of the village comes from "Pee-wauk-ee-wee-nick," meaning either "the dusty water" or "lake of shells" in Potawatomi. Pewaukee is located at (43.082659, -88.252842). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which, of it is land and

neg: Brush, Colorado the Beetdigger, signifying the importance of the annual sugar beet crop. The football team, winner of multiple state championships, plays its games at Beetdigger Stadium. •Address: 422 Ray Street •Address: 2710 Mill Street •Address: 401 Howard Street •Address: 400 West Avenue Brush, Colorado The City of Brush is a Statutory City located in Morgan County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 5,463 at the 2010 United States Census. Brush, Colorado was named for Jared L. Brush, who was a Colorado cattle pioneer. Brush had never lived in Brush, Colorado, instead helping to settle what is now known as Greeley.

neg: Springville, Utah in Springville. Springville, Utah Springville is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States that is part of the Provo-Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 31,464 in 2014, according to the United States Census. Springville is a bedroom community for commuters who work in the Springville, Provo-Orem and Salt Lake City metropolitan areas. Other neighboring cities include Spanish Fork and Mapleton. Springville has the nickname of "Art City" or "Hobble Creek". Springville was first explored in 1776 by Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, a Franciscan padre. What became Springville lay along the wagon route called the Mormon Road that

neg: Springville, Utah Springville, Utah Springville is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States that is part of the Provo-Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 31,464 in 2014, according to the United States Census. Springville is a bedroom community for commuters who work in the Springville, Provo-Orem and Salt Lake City metropolitan areas. Other neighboring cities include Spanish Fork and Mapleton. Springville has the nickname of "Art City" or "Hobble Creek". Springville was first explored in 1776 by Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, a Franciscan padre. What became Springville lay along the wagon route called the Mormon Road that Mormon pioneers

neg: Dunn, North Carolina Dunn, North Carolina Dunn is a city in Harnett County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 9,263 at the 2010 census, and an estimated 9,873 in 2016. It is the anchor city of the Dunn Micropolitan Area, population 114,678 (2010 census), which is a part of the greater Raleigh–Durham–Cary Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the United States Census Bureau. Originally called "Lucknow", what would become present-day Dunn was a sleepy hamlet compared to Averasborough, a much larger city on the Cape Fear River. After the Battle of Averasborough in 1865, most residents from Averasborough left for Lucknow,

neg: Horse racing in the United States Horse racing in the United States Horse racing in the United States dates back to 1665, which saw the establishment of the Newmarket course in Salisbury, New York, a section of what is now known as the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York. This first racing meet in North America was supervised by New York's colonial governor, Richard Nicolls. The area is now occupied by the present Nassau County, New York, region of Greater Westbury and East Garden City. Horse racing remains a popular sport throughout the United States. The American Stud Book was started in 1868, prompting the

neg: Jersey City, New Jersey Vietnamese Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census. There were an estimated 56,101 non-Hispanic whites in Jersey City, according to the 2016 American Community Survey, representing a 5.4% increase from 53,236 non-Hispanic whites enumerated in the 2010 United States Census. Many non-Hispanic whites have settled in the newer developments in the Newport and Exchange Place neighborhoods along the Jersey City waterfront. Ever since the settling of New Netherland in the 1600s, comprising what is now the Gateway Region of northeastern New Jersey as well as portions of Downstate New York in the New York City metropolitan area, the Dutch

neg: United States Department of Energy complex (Germantown, Maryland) United States Department of Energy complex (Germantown, Maryland) The United States Department of Energy complex is one of two administrative complexes of the United States Department of Energy. It is located at 19901 Germantown Road in Germantown, Maryland, on a campus originally developed in the 1950s as the headquarters of the Atomic Energy Commission. The complex's original five buildings were designed by the New York City architectural firm Voorhees, Walker, Smith & Smith, a firm prominent in the development of laboratories and associated facilities. It was sited at what was believed to a distance far enough from Washington, DC to

neg: National City Lines in 45 cities in 16 states. In 1947 National City Lines, with others was indicted in the Federal District Court of Southern California on two counts: 'conspiring to acquire control of a number of transit companies, forming a transportation monopolize' and 'Conspiring to monopolize sales of buses and supplies to companies owned by National City Lines' in what became known as the Great American streetcar scandal (or 'General Motors streetcar conspiracy', 'National City Lines conspiracy'). In 1948, the United States Supreme Court (in "United States v. National City Lines Inc.") permitted a change in venue to the Federal District Court

neg: United States ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of New York Six months after Eisenstein filed his notice of appeal, the Second Circuit ordered the parties to brief the issue of what time limit for filing the notice of appeal applied in this case, where the action was conducted in the name of the United States but the government had declined to intervene. Rule 4(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure (FRAP) gives a party 30 days to appeal in a civil case, but the rule gives “any party” 60 days to appeal when the United States is a party to the action. The City of New York later filed

neg: Danville, Arkansas Danville, Arkansas Danville is a city in Yell County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,409 at the 2010 census. Along with Dardanelle, it is one of two county seats for Yell County. Danville is part of the Russellville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Danville is located at (35.053572, -93.391623). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (1.40%) is water. After Yell County was created in 1840, local commissioners met to select a site for the county seat, settling on what is now Danville as the best location. The

neg: Martín de Argüelles one of the colonizers of the Province of New Santander in New Spain in 1749, in what is now the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. "Relación de La Florida" (1785); edición de Juan José Nieto Callén y José María Sánchez Molledo. Martín de Argüelles Martín de Argüelles, Jr. (born 1566) was the first white child (first criollo) known to have been born in what is now the United States. His birthplace of St. Augustine, Florida ("San Agustín, La Florida") is the oldest continuously occupied, European-founded city in the United States. Argüelles was born in 1566 in the Spanish settlement of San

neg: Medulla, Florida Medulla, Florida Medulla is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area. Medulla is an affluent residential community located south of the Lakeland city limits, and north of the Mulberry city limits. Medulla neighbors Lakeland Highlands, and together the two communities make up much of what is known as south (unincorporated) Lakeland. The population was 8,892 at the 2010 census. The area is addressed to Lakeland, with zip codes 33811 and 33813. Medulla is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the

neg: Charles Daly firearms Additional information updated on September 16, 2013 by Ghulam Jilani Dossul, President of SGAI, importer of Charles Daly Firearms. Charles Daly firearms Charles Daly is a brand of firearms licensed to Chiappa Firearms located in Italy. It used to be a firearms manufacturer and importer, located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Charles Daly was born in New York City on October 12, 1839. In the late nineteenth century, around 1875, in New York City, Charles Daly and August Shoverling began a business importing firearms into the United States, primarily from the city of Suhl in what was then

neg: Yucaipa, California Yucaipa, California Yucaipa ( ) is a city located east of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 51,367 at the 2010 census, up from 41,207 at the 2000 census. According to San Bernardino County, the projected population in 2012 is 58,187. Yucaipa has the distinction of being the former, longtime home of a large population of Serrano Indians and was also known for being the home base of what is now Stater Bros. Markets (founded in 1936, and now headquartered in San Bernardino). Yucaipa City is located in the southwestern United States, in southeastern

neg: Delray Beach, Florida Delray Beach, Florida Delray Beach is a coastal city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population of Delray Beach was estimated at 67,371 in 2016. That is up from 60,522 according to the 2010 United States Census. Delray Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people in 2015. The earliest known human inhabitants of what is now Delray Beach were the Jaega people. Tequesta Indians likely passed through or inhabited the area at various times, and an 1841 U.S. military map shows a Seminole camp located in the

neg: Mannington, West Virginia Mannington, West Virginia Mannington is a city in Marion County, West Virginia, United States located in the hills of North-Central West Virginia. Known as Mannington since 1856, the town is rich with history and heritage – from Native American relics to frontiersmen and their settlements to Civil War legends. Perhaps what makes Mannington most unusual is the impact of the oil and gas boom in 1890 that literally changed the shape of the town. The population was 2,063 at the 2010 census. Mannington is located at (39.527340, -80.339742), along Buffalo Creek. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city

neg: Ulen, Minnesota Ulen, Minnesota Ulen ( ) is a city in Clay County, Minnesota, United States, along the South Branch of the Wild Rice River. The population was 547 at the 2010 census. Near this small community, what is believed to be an authentic Viking sword known as the Ulen sword was found in a field. The sword is currently on display in a museum. Ulen is the southern terminus of the Agassiz Recreational Trail, a 53-mile multi-use trail built on an abandoned railroad grade which has its northern terminus at Crookston, Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city

neg: Menard, Texas Menard, Texas Menard is a city in and the county seat of Menard County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,653 at the 2000 census. Menard is located at (30.919519, -99.784446). It is situated along the banks of the San Saba River at the junction of U.S. Highways 83 and 190, approximately 140 miles northwest of Austin and San Antonio in central Menard County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. The first settlement at the site of what is now Menard was the Spanish Mission San Sabá

neg: Tonka Bay, Minnesota Tonka Bay, Minnesota Tonka Bay is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on Lake Minnetonka between the upper and lower lakes. The population of Tonka Bay was 1,475 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Manitou Road serves as a main route. Horticulturist Peter Gideon claimed in what would become Tonka Bay. Here he propagated the "Wealthy" apple, named for his wife Wealthy Hull. Another early settler of the area was Stephen Hull. He made the

neg: French Americans United States is 12.3%. French was the most commonly taught foreign language until the 1980s; when the influx of Hispanic immigrants aided the growth of Spanish. According to the U.S. 2000 Census, French is the third most spoken language in the United States after English and Spanish, with 2,097,206 speakers, up from 1,930,404 in 1990. The language is also commonly spoken by Haitian immigrants in Florida and New York City. As a result of French immigration to what is now the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries, the French language was once widely spoken in a few dozen

neg: New York City ethnic enclaves immigrating to the United States in the 17th century, and until the late 19th century, when Germany was the country of origin for the largest number of immigrants to the United States. In fact, Over one million Germans entered the United States in the 1850s alone. German American ethnic enclaves in New York City include the now-defunct Little Germany, in Manhattan and the extant Yorkville, Manhattan. Little Germany, or as it was called in German, Kleindeutschland, was positioned in the Lower East Side, around Tompkins Square, in what would later become known as Alphabet City. The "General Slocum" disaster in

neg: Aurora, Nebraska Aurora, Nebraska Aurora is a city in Hamilton County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 4,479 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hamilton County. In 1861, David Millspaw became the first permanent settler in the area of what was to become Aurora. Hamilton County was formed in 1870. Aurora was laid out as a town in 1871 by David Stone who named it after his former hometown of Aurora, Illinois. The county seat was transferred from Orville City (an extinct town) to Aurora in 1876. Aurora is located at (40.866716, −98.003537). According to the United States

neg: Caribou, Maine Caribou, Maine Caribou is the second largest city in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. Its population was 8,189 at the 2010 census. The city is a service center for the agricultural and tourism industries, and the location of a National Weather Service Forecast Office. Lumbermen and trappers first set up camps in the area in the 1810s. The first settlers came to what is now Caribou in the 1820s. Between 1838 and 1840, the undeclared Aroostook War flared between the United States and Canada, and the Battle of Caribou occurred in December 1838. The dispute over the international boundary delayed

neg: Birmingham, Michigan Birmingham, Michigan Birmingham is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in the Woodward Corridor, between Royal Oak and Bloomfield Hills. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,103. The area comprising what is now the city of Birmingham was part of land ceded by Native American tribes to the United States government by the 1807 Treaty of Detroit. However, settlement was delayed, first by the War of 1812. Afterward the Surveyor-General of the United States, Edward Tiffin, made an unfavorable report regarding the placement of Military Bounty Lands for veterans of

neg: Calwa, California Calwa, California Calwa (formerly, Calwa City) is an unincorporated census-designated place in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,052 at the 2010 census, up from 762 in 2000. Calwa is located south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). The name was taken from the acronym for "California Wine Association" (CalWA). According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , all land. Calwa is an almost complete county island surrounded by the city of Fresno on all sides except the southeast corner. In 1885, the land of what

neg: Keswick, Iowa Keswick, Iowa Keswick is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. The population was 246 at the 2010 census. The Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway built a 66-mile branch to What Cheer via Keswick in 1879 The town is named for Keswick, England, the home town of a local woman who had offered lodging to the track-laying crew. Keswick is located at (41.453941, -92.238818). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 246 people, 105 households, and 69 families

neg: Madison Township, Butler County, Ohio Madison Township, Butler County, Ohio Madison Township is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States. Located in northeastern Butler County just west of Middletown, it had a population of 8,448 people as of the 2010 census, down from 8,611 in 2000. While it surrounds the city of Trenton, the city is no longer part of the township. It is named for James Madison, president of the United States at the time of its creation in 1810, and is one of twenty Madison Townships statewide. The township is in what is commonly known as the Congress Lands, that

neg: United States v. Cruikshank Congress. This is one of the amendments that has no other effect than to restrict the powers of the national government, leaving the people to look for their protection against any violation by their fellow citizens of the rights it recognizes, to what is called, in "The City of New York v. Miln", 11 Pet. 139, the "powers which relate to merely municipal legislation, or what was, perhaps, more properly called internal police," "not surrendered or restrained" by the Constitution of the United States. The Court also ruled that the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses applied only to state

neg: Arkansas City High School (Kansas) Arkansas City High School (Kansas) Arkansas City High School is a public high school in Arkansas City, Kansas, United States, operated by Arkansas City USD 470. During the early days of many new communities, church buildings were used for multiple purposes until other facilities could be built. On June 4, 1880, the first Arkansas City High School graduating class had its commencement at the First United Methodist Church. From 1891 to 1922, high school classes were held in what is now known as Old Arkansas City High School. Cowley Community College was established in 1922 as the Arkansas City Junior

neg: Lone Tree, Colorado Lone Tree, Colorado Lone Tree is a home rule municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 10,218 at the 2010 United States Census, with an estimated population of 13,545 in 2014. Lone Tree is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. Lone Tree is located on the northern border of Douglas County, directly adjacent to Arapahoe County. It is in what is called the "South Metro" area of Denver, located south of Denver's downtown. The city annexed the University of Colorado South Denver campus, the former site of The Wildlife Experience, in 2017. According

neg: Charles Daly firearms Charles Daly firearms Charles Daly is a brand of firearms licensed to Chiappa Firearms located in Italy. It used to be a firearms manufacturer and importer, located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Charles Daly was born in New York City on October 12, 1839. In the late nineteenth century, around 1875, in New York City, Charles Daly and August Shoverling began a business importing firearms into the United States, primarily from the city of Suhl in what was then Prussia. Manufacturers for Daly at that time included Heym, Shiller, H. A. Lindner, Sauer, J&W Tolley of England, Newman

neg: APEC Philippines 2015 18–19 November, the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan conducted protests along Gil Puyat Avenue, Pasay City, against China's aggressive policy of claiming islands in the South China Sea, against the United States regarding what they describe as US imperialism because of the Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) and Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA), as well as APEC itself, globalization, and poverty in the Philippines. Meanwhile, tribal leaders and members from various Lumad tribes in Mindanao also gathered at the Redemptorist Church grounds in Baclaran, Pasay City, to protest what they describe as APEC's promotion of militarization and encroachment of indigenous communities

neg: Georgetown, Kentucky the mid-1980s, when Toyota built Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, its first wholly owned United States plant, in the city. The plant, which currently builds the Camry, Camry Hybrid, Venza, Avalon, and Lexus ES automobiles, opened in 1988. It is the largest building in terms of acres covered under one building in the United States, with over occupied. The city previously served as the training camp home for the NFL's Cincinnati Bengals. Native peoples have lived along the banks of Elkhorn Creek in what is now Scott County for at least 15,000 years. European exploration can be dated to a June

neg: Gruver, Texas Gruver, Texas Gruver is a city in Hansford County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,162 at the 2000 census and 1,194 at the 2010 census. Farwell, in the center of Hansford County about three miles east of what later became Gruver, was established in 1880 by the Canott family of Illinois and was the first town in the county. Gruver was established shortly after and Farwell rapidly fell into oblivion after 1889, when it lost a county seat election to Hansford. Gruver is located at (36.262731, -101.405143). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total

neg: Mapleton, Utah Mapleton, Utah Mapleton is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,979 at the 2010 census. The area was first settled in 1850, and for a time was known as Union Bench. It started out as an agricultural extension of Springville. Legal action between residents of Springville and what became Mapleton, largely over water rights, allowed Mapleton to chart its own course beginning in 1901. Mapleton was finally incorporated in 1948. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all

neg: History of Iraq (2003–2011) turn Fallujah into Dresden". The U.S. handed authority of the city over to a former Iraqi general who had served under Saddam Hussein, and whose fighters the U.S. acknowledges may include former members of insurgency. Afterwards, the city was referred to as "free rebel town"; banners in the city streets proclaimed victory over the United States, and some of its mosques praised the Iraqi insurgency. The general, Muhammed Latif, told Reuters, ""I want the American soldier to return to his camp. What I want more is that he returns to the United States." U.S. marines encircled Fallujah with an earth

neg: East St. Louis, Illinois of aggravated assault, and 12 cases of arson. In 2016, NeighborhoodScout released rankings indicating that East St. Louis had the highest murder rate of any city in the United States. East St. Louis, Illinois East St. Louis is a city in St. Clair and Madison counties in southwestern Illinois, United States. It is located across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri, in what is defined as the Metro-East region of Southern Illinois. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, East St. Louis has been severely affected by loss of jobs due to industrial restructuring

neg: History of Canada what is now the United States. In the spring of 1605, under Samuel de Champlain, the new St. Croix settlement was moved to Port Royal (today's Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia). Samuel de Champlain also landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604 (the feast of St. John the Baptist) and is where the city of Saint John, New Brunswick, and the Saint John River gets its name. In 1608 Champlain founded what is now Quebec City, one of the earliest permanent settlements, which would become the capital of New France. He took personal administration over the city and its

neg: Fairforest, South Carolina Fairforest, South Carolina Fairforest is a Census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. State of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 1693. A post office was established as Fair Forest in 1884. According to tradition, a pioneer named the region when, noting the scenery, he said "What a fair forest!" Fairforest is located at (34.946963, -82.018906). The CDP is a suburb of the City of Spartanburg, located to the West of the city, alongside Arcadia and Saxon. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total land area of

neg: United States cities by crime rate (100,000–250,000) on what the (UCR) data means and doesn't mean." United States cities by crime rate (100,000–250,000) The following table is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics. The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting agency. In most cases the city and the reporting agency are identical. However, in some cases such as Charlotte, Honolulu and Las Vegas, the reporting agency as more than one city. Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report.

neg: High-speed rail in the United States High-speed rail in the United States Plans for high-speed rail in the United States date back to the High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965. Various state and federal proposals have followed. Despite being one of the world's first countries to get high-speed trains (the Metroliner service in 1969), it failed to spread. Definitions of what constitutes high-speed rail vary, including a range of speeds over and dedicated rail lines. Inter-city rail in the United States with top speeds of or more but below is sometimes referred to as higher-speed rail. Amtrak's "Acela Express" (reaching ), Northeast Regional, Keystone Service,

neg: Dodgeville, Wisconsin Dodgeville, Wisconsin Dodgeville is a city in and the county seat of Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,693 at the 2010 census, making it the county's most populous city. Dodgeville is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its sister city is Oakham, Rutland, United Kingdom. In 1827, Henry Dodge, his family, and about 40 miners began what would become the city of Dodgeville. Dodge made a pact with the local Winnebago Indian leaders so he could build a cabin and smelter. The original community had three settlements: "Dodgeville", "Dirty Hollow" and "Minersville". A fourth settlement, Moon

neg: Clarens (Alexandria, Virginia) Clarens (Alexandria, Virginia) Clarens or the Clarens Estate is a 19th-century Federal-style mansion in Alexandria, Virginia. Clarens is best known as the residence of James Murray Mason (3 November 1798–28 April 1871), a United States Representative and United States Senator from Virginia and grandson of George Mason, a Founding Father of the United States. While it was located within Fairfax County, Virginia, Clarens is now located inside the boundaries of the independent city of Alexandria at 318 North Quaker Lane. Clarens was constructed between 1814 and 1816 in what was then Fairfax County, Virginia, three miles (5 km) to the

neg: Escape from New York Escape from New York Escape from New York is a 1981 American post-apocalyptic science-fiction action film co-written, co-scored and directed by John Carpenter. The film is set in what was then the near-future year of 1997, in a crime-ridden United States that has converted Manhattan Island in New York City into the country's maximum security prison. When Air Force One is hijacked by terrorists and crashes into New York City, ex-soldier and federal prisoner Snake Plissken (Kurt Russell) is given 24 hours to rescue the President of the United States. Carpenter wrote the film in the mid-1970s as a reaction

neg: United States Capitol Dickinson, the Governor of Pennsylvania, call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters. In what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia. As a result, Congress was forced to flee to Princeton, New Jersey, on June 21, 1783, and met in Annapolis, Maryland, and Trenton, New Jersey, before ending up in New York City. The United States Congress was established upon ratification of the United States Constitution and formally began on March 4, 1789. New York City remained home to Congress until July

neg: Light rail in the United States or radial railways in North America. After World War II, six major cities in the United States (Boston, Newark, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco) continued to operate large first-generation streetcar systems, although most of them were later converted to modern light rail standards. Toronto in Canada marks the other city in North America with a continuing first-generation streetcar system. Additionally, a seventh American city, Cleveland, maintained an interurban system (e.g. the Blue and Green Lines) equivalent to what is now "light rail", that opened before World War I, and which is still in operation to this day. When several

neg: Darr H. Alkire his life in a plane crash at the age of 22. Michael is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Alkire retired from the Air Force in 1956 and moved back to Salt Lake City. In 1958, Alkire appeared on a Salt Lake City television interview series regarding the Cold War, titled ""What Security in the Rocket Age?"" Alkire died on July 22, 1977 and is buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, in Honolulu, HI. Darr H. Alkire Brigadier General Darr Hayes Alkire (1903-1977) was a pilot for the United States Army Air Corps, the United States Army Air

neg: Brigantine, New Jersey Brigantine, New Jersey Brigantine is an island city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 9,450, reflecting a decline of 3,144 (-25.0%) from the 12,594 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,240 (+10.9%) from the 11,354 counted in the 1990 Census. What is now the City of Brigantine has passed through a series of names and re-incorporations since it was first created. The area was originally incorporated as Brigantine Beach Borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 14, 1890, from

neg: Congregational United Church of Christ (Iowa City, Iowa) renovation of the interior saw the introduction of the Gothic-styled beams on what was a plain ceiling. Congregational United Church of Christ (Iowa City, Iowa) Congregational United Church of Christ is located in the downtown area of Iowa City, Iowa, United States near the campus of the University of Iowa. The congregation was organized in 1856 and the church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2004 it was included as a contributing property in the Jefferson Street Historic District. Seventeen individuals signed the charter that initiated the congregation in 1856. Chicago architect Gurdon

neg: Embassy of the United States, Saigon handed back to the United States. The former embassy was subsequently demolished in 1998 and is currently a park inside of the U.S. Consulate General's compound in what is now called Ho Chi Minh City. The U.S. diplomatic presence in Saigon was established on December 9, 1907 as a consulate. It acted as a representative to French Indochina succeeding an American commercial agent that had been established in Saigon in 1889. The United States granted recognition to the State of Vietnam led by the Bảo Đại government in 1950, and on February 17, the Consulate-General in Saigon was elevated to

neg: Music of the United States in Louisiana before its purchase by the U.S. The Cajuns are a group of Francophones who arrived in Louisiana after leaving Acadia in Canada. The city of New Orleans, Louisiana, being a major port, has acted as a melting pot for people from all over the Caribbean basin. The result is a diverse and syncretic set of styles of Cajun music and Creole music. Spain and subsequently Mexico controlled much of what is now the western United States until the Mexican–American War, including the entire state of Texas. After Texas joined the United States, the native Tejanos living in the

neg: Justice Party (United States) Justice Party (United States) The Justice Party USA is a political party in the United States. It was organized in November 2011 by a group of political activists including former Mayor of Salt Lake City Rocky Anderson as an alternative to what he saw as a duopoly of the two major political parties. One of the major goals of the Justice Party is removing corporate influence and other concentrated wealth from politics. In December 2011, it became a qualified party in Mississippi, the first state to recognize the party. From a small beginning, 30 persons at the launching event with

neg: City of Chicago v. Morales case. City of Chicago v. Morales City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law cannot be so vague that a person of ordinary intelligence can not figure out what is innocent activity and what is illegal. Under the common law, loitering was a crime. The facts of the case were: More specifically, "In 1993, Jesus Morales was arrested and found guilty under the ordinance for loitering in a Chicago neighborhood after he ignored police orders to disperse. Ultimately, after Morales challenged his arrest, the

neg: City of Chicago v. Morales City of Chicago v. Morales City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law cannot be so vague that a person of ordinary intelligence can not figure out what is innocent activity and what is illegal. Under the common law, loitering was a crime. The facts of the case were: More specifically, "In 1993, Jesus Morales was arrested and found guilty under the ordinance for loitering in a Chicago neighborhood after he ignored police orders to disperse. Ultimately, after Morales challenged his arrest, the Illinois

neg: Marquette, Kansas Marquette, Kansas Marquette is a city located in McPherson County, Kansas, United States, between K-4 and the Smoky Hill River. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 641. For millennia, the land now known as Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, McPherson County was founded. In 1873, what eventually would become Marquette began on the banks of the Smoky Hill River with

neg: Marquette, Kansas closed due to poor funding from the school district. Marquette, Kansas Marquette is a city located in McPherson County, Kansas, United States, between K-4 and the Smoky Hill River. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 641. For millennia, the land now known as Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, McPherson County was founded. In 1873, what eventually would become Marquette began

neg: Henry Galbraith Ward Henry Galbraith Ward Henry Galbraith Ward (April 19, 1851, New York City – August 24, 1933, Shelter Island, New York) was a federal appellate judge in the United States. Ward attended college at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees, and then read law for admission to the bar. Ward worked as a lawyer in private practice in Philadelphia and then in New York City. In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Ward to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Ward assumed what is now referred to as senior status on

neg: William P. Bryant Claim Act in Congress to exclude McLoughlin's claim to Oregon City and the island. On August 14, 1848, Bryant was nominated by President Polk to be "chief justice of the supreme court of the United States for the Territory of Oregon" and was subsequently unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate. He held his first session of court on August 20, 1849 in Oregon City. As the only federal judge in the territory, Bryant presided over the first criminal trial in what is now the state of Washington in 1849. At that time the Oregon Territory encompassed all of present

neg: William Walter Phelps death, Phelps owned half of what is presently Teaneck. William Walter Phelps William Walter Phelps (August 24, 1839 – June 17, 1894) was a United States Congressman and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Germany and Austria-Hungary. He was the son of John Jay Phelps, a successful New York City merchant and financier, and was born in Dundaff, Pennsylvania. Prior to being elected to the United States House of Representatives he had a successful banking career in Manhattan, settling in Teaneck, New Jersey, across the Hudson River. Young Phelps' first school experience was at Mount Washington Institute in

neg: United States Lines New York City remain as artifacts left behind by the company. Pier 76, United States Lines Terminal, was constructed as a cargo pier on West Side Highway at what was then the foot of 36th Street, and is now in use by Classic Car Club Manhattan, who took over the pier's lease from the NYPD in April 2016. Neon letters spelling "United States Lines" are located on the west side of the pier, facing New Jersey. One letter, "I", on the sign was working until sometime in the 2000s. The sign can be seen by the arriving NY Waterway ferry

neg: Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) mind. It is a gift to the city and all who visit." "Are Years What?" is considered by some to be di Suvero's "breakthrough work." Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) is a sculpture by American artist Mark di Suvero. It is in the collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in Washington, D.C., United States. The sculpture is named after poet Marianne Moore's "What Are Years". From May 22, 2013 through May 26, 2014, the sculpture resided temporarily in San Francisco, as part of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art's Mark

neg: San Rafael, California San Rafael, California San Rafael ( ; ; "Saint Raphael") is a city and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2010 census the city's population is 57,713. What is now San Rafael was once the site of several Coast Miwok villages: Awani-wi, near downtown San Rafael, Ewu, near Terra Linda and Shotomko-cha, in Marinwood. Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded in what is now downtown San Rafael as the 20th Spanish mission in the colonial Mexican province of "Alta

neg: Saline, Michigan Saline, Michigan Saline is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,810. The city is popular for its annual Celtic Festival, which attracts people from all over the United States and its sister cities Brecon, Wales, United Kingdom (established 1966) and Lindenberg, Germany (established 2003). Before the 18th century, Native Americans traveled to what is now Saline to hunt wildlife and gather salt from the salt springs they found nearby. In the 18th century, French explorers canoed up to the area and also harvested the salt. They

neg: Hillsboro Pioneer Cemetery Hillsboro Pioneer Cemetery The Hillsboro Pioneer Cemetery is a pioneer cemetery in Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. It is located at the west end of the city along the Tualatin Valley Highway and adjacent to Dairy Creek. The cemetery comprises three formerly private cemeteries. In 1973, the city of Hillsboro gained title to what is the oldest cemetery in Washington County. The cemetery is situated on what was previously part of the David Hill land claim that was recorded on July 4, 1847. Hill died in 1850, and in 1860 the Masonic Order and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF)

neg: Woodmont, Connecticut such as road maintenance, snow plowing, street lighting, beach maintenance, and supplemental police service. There is an extra yearly tax assessment, beyond what is owed to the city of Milford, for borough residents to pay for services in excess of what the city of Milford provides to the rest of Milford. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 71.43%, is water. A majority of the borough land mass is safely above sea level. However, it does have a few low elevation areas which are subject

neg: Haitian diaspora Haitians now live in the Bahamas. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an immigrant from Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), founded the first nonindigenous settlement in what is now Chicago, Illinois, the third largest city in the United States. The State of Illinois and City of Chicago declared du Sable the Founder of Chicago on October 26, 1968. In January 2010, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada will consider fast-tracking immigration to help Haitian earthquake refugees. US Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano announced that the estimated 100,000 to 200,000 Haitians "not legally in the United States" as of January 12, 2010,

neg: Warrenville, Illinois Warrenville, Illinois Warrenville is a city in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 13,140, which was estimated to have increased to 13,316 by July 2012. It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor. Warrenville was founded in 1833 when Julius Warren and his family moved west from New York seeking a fresh start from a failing gristmill and distillery. Daniel Warren, Julius' father, claimed land at what is now McDowell Woods, and Julius claimed land at what is now the Warrenville

neg: History of religion in the United States the North American continent with the founding of Russian America, in what is today the State of Alaska. The spreading of the Orthodox faith went along with the Russian colonization of the Americas during the 18th and 19th centuries. From there, it spread to the continental United States with the influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe. The history of the Jews in the United States comprises a theological dimension, with a three-way division into Orthodox, Conservative and Reform. In social terms the Jewish ethnic community began with small groups of merchants in colonial ports such as New York City and

neg: Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón Mexicans. The war ended with a United States victory and the Mexican Cession in which the Mexican Government sold the Americans most of what is now the southwest United States in 1848. Tucson became part of the American New Mexico Territory after the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Though the land was purchased the Mexican garrison did not leave the Tucson Presidio until March 1856. The majority of Mexican residents remained behind. The United States Army took control of the Tucson Presidio in 1856 after eighty-one years in existence, and the city began to thrive once more. Famous military figures, prospectors,

neg: John Lambert (politician) of New Jersey in 1802 and 1803. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Ninth United States Congress and Tenth United States Congress, serving in office from March 4, 1805 to March 3, 1809. Lambert was elected to the United States Senate and served a single term, from March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1815. On June 17, 1812, he voted against war with Britain. What is now the city of Lambertville was named in his honor in 1814 when the community's first post office was established. Lambert owned and managed a plantation. He died near Lambertville, and was

neg: United States of the West City and gained American citizenship in September 2001, immediately after the 9/11 attacks. Xavier discusses the current state of the world, world history, American and European styles of government, western culture, the intellectual traditions of France, the failures of the European Union, NATO and the United Nations to effectively address serious crises, and his own conception of the Western cultural tradition and Western philosophy, as well as what the events of 9/11 and the inevitable American response which will shortly follow, portends for both men. In his letter, de C*** states that currently, only the United States is in a

neg: Odd Fellows Hall (Baltimore, 1831) their national headquarters from the hall and the building was demolished so that Lexington Street could extended from Holliday to Gay Street. This created what is now City Hall Plaza. Baltimore's new Odd Fellows Hall was completed the following year. Odd Fellows Hall (Baltimore, 1831) The Odd Fellows Hall in Baltimore, Maryland, United States was a building that was the meeting place of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows fraternal organization, as well as the organization's national headquarters, from 1831 until 1890. It was the first Odd Fellows' Hall in the United States. In 1819, the first United States lodge

neg: Glendale, Arizona Glendale, Arizona Glendale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about nine miles (14 km) northwest from Downtown Phoenix. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 226,721. In the late 1800s what is now known as Glendale, Arizona, was all desert. William John Murphy, a native of New Hartford, New York, who resided in the town of Flagstaff in what was then known as the territory of Arizona, was in charge of building a Arizona Canal from Granite Reef to New River for the Arizona Canal Company. In 1885, he completed the canal,

neg: Morrison, Illinois Morrison, Illinois Morrison is a city in Whiteside County, Illinois, United States. The population was 4,188 at the 2010 census, down from 4,447 in 2000. It is the county seat of Whiteside County. It is located on the Historic Lincoln Highway, the nation’s first transcontinental highway and in Morrison was the site of two concrete "seedling miles", which served as prototypes of what an improved highway could do for the nation. In 1854, Lyman Johnson and H. S. Vroom were already in what would become the City of Morrison as contractors and builders for the Air-line railroad, now the Union

neg: Delavan, Wisconsin Delavan, Wisconsin Delavan is a city in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 8,463 at the 2010 census. The city is located partially within the Town of Delavan but the two entities are politically independent. Delavan sits in the middle of what was at one time an inland sea. During the last Ice Age, many glaciers, the last of which was known as the Michigan tongue, covered this area. The Michigan tongue descended down what is now known as Lake Michigan. A large section of this glacier broke off, pushing southwest into the area now known as Walworth