query: how many members are in the senate in france

pos: Senate (France) French Senate for the first time since the foundation of the French Fifth Republic. In 2014, the centre-right Gaullists and its allies won back the control of the Senate. Until September 2004, the Senate had 321 senators, each elected to a nine-year term. That month, the term was reduced to six years, while the number of senators progressively increased to 348 in 2011, in order to reflect the country's population growth. Senators were elected in thirds every three years; this was also changed to one-half of their number every three years. Senators are elected indirectly by approximately 150,000 officials ("grands

pos: 2011 French Senate election 2011 French Senate election A Senate election was held for 165 of the 348 seats in the Senate of France on 25 September 2011. Senate members were primarily elected by municipal officials, and the number of senators was increased from 343 to 348, due to the growth of France's population since the previous election was held in 2008. The Socialist Party and other left-of-center parties gained a majority of seats in the upper house for the first time in the Fifth Republic. Prior to the 2011 election, the French Senate had been under the majority control of right or centre-right

pos: 2011 French Senate election Sarkozy's "foreign policy actionism" in Libya – including a 15 September visit to Tripoli with David Cameron – and "proposals for a quick resolution to the Middle East conflict at the United Nations" just prior to the election were not "able to perceptively increase his popularity". 2011 French Senate election A Senate election was held for 165 of the 348 seats in the Senate of France on 25 September 2011. Senate members were primarily elected by municipal officials, and the number of senators was increased from 343 to 348, due to the growth of France's population since the previous election

pos: Overseas France the French Senate, accounting for 6.0% of the 348 senators in the Senate: The 11 French overseas territories are: Ranked by population in the urban area: Overseas France Overseas France () consists of all the French-administered territories outside the European continent, mostly relics of the French colonial empire. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all (except those with no permanent inhabitants) have representation in both France's National Assembly and Senate, which together make up the French Parliament. Their citizens have French nationality and vote for the president of France. They have the right to

neg: Claudius of Gallic senators, in which he addresses the Senate with reverence but also with criticism for their disdain of these men. He even jokes about how the Senate had admitted members from beyond Gallia Narbonensis (Lyons, France), i.e. himself. He also increased the number of Patricians by adding new families to the dwindling number of noble lines. Here he followed the precedent of Lucius Junius Brutus and Julius Caesar. Nevertheless, many in the Senate remained hostile to Claudius, and many plots were made on his life. This hostility carried over into the historical accounts. As a result, Claudius reduced the

neg: Georges Clemenceau have a great deal of vigilance. I cannot say for how many years, perhaps I should say for how many centuries, the crisis which has begun will continue. Yes, this treaty will bring us burdens, troubles, miseries, difficulties, and that will continue for long years. The Chamber of Deputies ratified the treaty by 372 votes to 53, with the Senate voting unanimously for its ratification. On 11 October he gave his last parliamentary speech, to the Senate. He said that any attempt to partition Germany would be self-defeating and that France must find a way of living with sixty million

neg: Wayne Morse other country in the world" and that France was concurrently not fulfilling responsibilities as they pertained to NATO, adding that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee would investigate how much aid France should receive from the US amid its continued defiance and France should be allowed to be independent if President of France Charles De Gaulle wanted to. In February 1963, after President Kennedy contended that American air cover for the Cuban invasion was never promised, Morse stated that the comments were supported by the testimony of members of the Kennedy administration following the invasion and that the document containing the

neg: Ron Wyden of the Patriot Act, which he views as being used in an abusive and secret way. In a May 2011 speech in the Senate, Wyden sharply criticized the use of Patriot Act, stating: "The fact is that anyone can read the plain text of the Patriot Act, and yet many members of Congress have no idea how the law is being secretly interpreted by the executive branch, because that interpretation is classified. It's almost as if there were two Patriot Acts, and many members of Congress have not read the one that matters. Our constituents, of course, are totally in

neg: Politics of Cambodia legislature is called the "Senate". It consists of sixty-one members. Two of these members are appointed by the King, two are elected by the lower house of the government, and the remaining fifty-seven are elected popularly by electors from provincial and local governments, in a similar fashion to the Senate of France. Members in this house serve six-year terms. Prior to 2006, elections had last been held for the Senate in 1999. New elections were supposed to have occurred in 2004, but these elections were initially postponed. On January 22, 2006, 11,352 possible voters went to the poll and chose

neg: Constitutional Council (France) remarked "How is that his business? He has no lesson to teach me." about Debré. The Council is made up of former Presidents of the Republic who have chosen to sit in the Council (which they may not do if they become directly involved in politics again), and nine other members who serve non-renewable terms of nine years, one third of whom are appointed every three years, three each by the President of the Republic, the President of the National Assembly, and the President of the Senate. The President of the Constitutional Council is selected by the President of the

neg: Indiana General Assembly on the size and composition of the General Assembly. The Senate can contain no more than fifty members, and the senators serve for term of four years. The House of Representatives can contain no more than one hundred members, and the representatives serve terms of two years. There is no limit to how many terms a state senator or representative may serve. There are several checks and balances built into the state constitution that limit the power of the General Assembly. Other clauses allow the General Assembly to balance and limit the authority of the other branches of the government.

neg: Division of the assembly largest party, followed by any independent members and any members wishing to cross the floor. A member of the party (usually a whip) will respond to their party's name by stating how many members of the party are in favour or opposed. The Clerk tallies up the votes and gives the results to the Speaker, who declares the result. A "split party vote" is a variation of the party vote, used for some conscience issues. The main difference is voting members state how many members of their party are in favour and how many members are opposed, and once the

neg: Overseas department and region Overseas department and region The overseas departments and regions of France ( or "DROM") are departments of France which are outside metropolitan France, the European part of France. They have nearly the same political status as metropolitan departments, although special constitutional provisions allow them greater autonomy and they are excluded from certain domestic statistics, such as the unemployment rate. As integral parts of France and the European Union, overseas departments are represented in the National Assembly, Senate, and Economic and Social Council, vote to elect members of the European Parliament (MEP), and also use the euro as their currency. The

neg: Head of state appointments are nominated by the president's sole discretion, but this nomination is often subject to confirmation by the legislature; and specifically in the US, the Senate has to approve senior executive branch and judicial appointments by a simple majority vote. The head of state may also dismiss office-holders. There are many variants on how this can be done. For example, members of the Irish Cabinet are dismissed by the president on the advice of the taoiseach; in other instances, the head of state may be able to dismiss an office holder unilaterally; other heads of state, or their representatives, have

neg: Senator for life (France) commentators suggested that it should be replaced by a life membership in the Senate. This proposal was, however, not enacted. The senators for life were: Senator for life (France) A senator for life () was an honorary position in the French Third Republic, similar to that of senator for life in other countries. At one time the French Senate was composed of 300 members, of whom 75 were "inamovible" ("unremovable"). Under the law of 24 February 1875 on the organization of the senate, there were 300 members of whom 225 were elected by the departments and colonies, and 75 were

neg: 2018 York University strike CUPE): "Senate Executive clearly asserted that course directors are the best judge of how to ensure the academic integrity of their courses and whether those courses can be continued on that basis." President Rhonda Lenton and the Board of Governors asserted that it was their right to decide whether classes should be suspended or not and decided that there was no reason to do so. Many classes taught by members of York's full-time faculty continued, though many of these classes experienced varying levels of disruption ranging from marking not being completed to classes being suspended entirely. Classes taught by contract

neg: Administrative divisions of France Administrative divisions of France The administrative divisions of France are concerned with the institutional and territorial organization of French territory. These territories are located in many parts of the world. There are many administrative divisions, which may have political (local government), electoral (districts), or administrative (decentralized services of the state) objectives. All the inhabited territories are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council and their citizens have French citizenship. The French republic is divided into 18 regions: 12 in mainland France and 6 elsewhere (1 in Europe (Corsica), 2 in the Caribbean (The lesser Antilles) (Guadeloupe

neg: Black people in France of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007. There have been dozens of Afro-Caribbean or Afro-French MPs representing overseas electoral districts at the French National Assembly or at the French Senate, and several government members. Black people in France French Black people or Black people in France (French: "Noirs de France"), are people who are of Black African descent in France. Although it is illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and race, a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958, various population estimates exist.

neg: New Zealand House of Representatives vote method, the Clerk of the House reads out each party's name in turn. A member of the party (usually a whip) will respond to their party's name by stating how many members of the party are in favour and how many members are opposed. The Clerk tallies up the votes and gives the results to the Speaker, who announces the result. If the members of a party are not unanimous, a list of the members of the party and how they voted must be tabled after the vote. In the personal vote method, members enter one of two lobbies

neg: Senate (Belgium) responsibility for examining how the division of competences between the various components of the federal level can be made more homogeneous. The Senate uses committees for a variety of purposes. The Senate has several standing committees, each of which has responsibility for a particular area of government (for example justice or social affairs). These standing committees examine and consider bills and legislative proposals, and may for this purpose hold hearings. A standing committee comprises 17 senators, members are appointed using proportional representation. The chairpersons of the standing committees are also divided among the parties in accordance with the same principle

neg: Senator for life (France) Senator for life (France) A senator for life () was an honorary position in the French Third Republic, similar to that of senator for life in other countries. At one time the French Senate was composed of 300 members, of whom 75 were "inamovible" ("unremovable"). Under the law of 24 February 1875 on the organization of the senate, there were 300 members of whom 225 were elected by the departments and colonies, and 75 were elected by the National Assembly. The 75 were elected by list and by an absolute majority of votes, and were irremovable, like the members of

neg: Florida Senate Florida Senate The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 470,000 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. Senators' terms begin immediately, upon their election. The

neg: Michigan Senate Michigan Senate The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Legislature of the U.S. State of Michigan. Along with the House of Representatives, it composes the Michigan Legislature. Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of

neg: Colorado General Assembly of the majority in the Senate. The current Senate makeup is 18 Republicans and 16 Democrats, and one independent. There are 65 House Members and 35 Senate Members making up the 100 seats in Colorado General Assembly. Colorado General Assembly The Colorado General Assembly is the state legislature of the State of Colorado. It is a bicameral legislature that was created by the 1876 state constitution. Its statutes are codified in the "Colorado Revised Statutes" (C.R.S.). The session laws are published in the "Session Laws of Colorado". Colorado's legislature is similar to those of other states, except unlike many states

neg: Administrative divisions of France all parts of France, including the overseas administrative divisions, vote in national elections (presidential, legislative), and all of the collectivities are represented in the Senate. In the Medieval period, the territory of modern metropolitan France was occupied by a complex mosaic of more or less independent entities. Their gradual incorporation into France may be followed in the article Territorial formation of France. Historically, France was divided into provinces; see Provinces of France. Administrative divisions of France The administrative divisions of France are concerned with the institutional and territorial organization of French territory. These territories are located in many parts of

neg: Parliamentary immunity of Justice, who transmits them to the Desk of the relevant assembly. The Desk examines the requests and rules on it; its ruling is published in the "Journal Officiel". The topic of parliamentarian immunity is somewhat controversial in France, especially in the context of scandals of corruption or graft involving politicians. Many resent such a mechanism, in which some influential members of society enjoy special rights and are not made accountable for their own actions. In 2004, Charles Pasqua was voted in as a senator by conservative electors of the Paris region (the Senate is elected by an electoral college).

neg: Michigan Legislature Michigan Legislature The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of an upper chamber, the Senate, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives. Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing. Members of the Senate are referred to as Senators and members of the House of Representatives

neg: Federalist No. 64 Federalist No. 64 is an influential piece of the "Federalist Papers". The Anti-Federalist Papers was written, before the "Federalist Papers", by the founding fathers who were opposed to the merits of the United States Constitution. Three papers touch on the aspects of the Senate defended in Federalist 64. Anti-Federalist 62 discusses how the members of the senate should be chosen, and the organization of them. People believed that if the chosen senate worked for a long time, they would begin to only make decisions for themselves. It says, "The term for which the senate are to be chosen, is in

neg: Ardèche to the summit of the high plateau, which resists their passage, not letting them penetrate. The high and the low are thus opposed, such is the character of the Ardèche personality." Ardèche is divided into 3 arrondissements. The department elects three members of the National Assembly of France: <br> Representing Ardèche in the Senate of France are Senators Michel Teston and Yves Chastan. The President of the Departmental Council is Laurent Ughetto of the Socialist Party. The inhabitants of the department are called "Ardéchois". As one of the poorer districts in France, emigration from the Ardèche outnumbered immigrants for a

neg: Political party strength in U.S. states the chamber." Local and regional political circumstances often influence party strength. The following figure is for Governors : The following figures for party control of state legislative chambers are : The following is based on the results of the 2016 Presidential election: The following are the current standings in the U.S. Senate and in the U.S. House as of the 115th Congress: The following table shows how many state legislatures were controlled outright by each party. The following table shows how many governorships were controlled outright by each party. The following table describes how many state governments were fully controlled

neg: National Assembly (France) National Assembly (France) The National Assembly (; ) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's members are known as (; 'delegate' or 'envoy' in English; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word 'deputy'). There are 577 , each elected by a single-member constituency through a two-round voting system. Thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The assembly is presided over by a president (currently François de Rugy), normally from the largest party represented, assisted by vice-presidents from across the

neg: Turnbull Government of the debt letters. The process however was touted to save the government $300m, and as such has now been considered for recovery action against the Aged Pension and Disability Pension, which may recover $1b. The program was the subject of a Senate committee inquiry. Appearing before the Senate committee inquiry, the Department was asked how many people had became deceased after receiving a letter under the debt recovery program. After the question was taken on notice, the Department was asked again in a subsequent inquiry hearing, and it was again taken on notice. Members of the Turnbull Government have

neg: Senator for life (France) minister of public education and then minister of foreign affairs; Monseigneur Dupanloup; Jules Grévy, elected President of the Republic in 1879; Louis Martel, elected President of the Senate in 1879; Elie Le Royer, elected President of the Senate in 1882; Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, the defender of Alfred Dreyfus; the abolitionist Victor Schœlcher and the statesman Henri-Alexandre Wallon. In 2005, there was questioning about the status of former Presidents of the Republic. According to the constitution of the Fifth Republic, former presidents are "de jure" members of the Constitutional Council, which poses a problem of possible partiality. Some members of Parliament and

neg: Senate (France) électeurs"), including regional councilors, department councilors, mayors, city councilors in large towns, and members of the National Assembly. However, 90 % of the electors are delegates appointed by councilors. This system introduces a bias in the composition of the Senate favoring rural areas. As a consequence, while the political majority changes frequently in the National Assembly, the Senate has remained politically right, with one brief exception, since the foundation of the Fifth Republic, much to the displeasure of the Socialists. This has spurred controversy, especially after the 2008 senatorial elections in which the (left-wing) Socialist Party, despite controlling all but

neg: Shared leadership exhibited by respective team leaders and team members. Often this is done by distributing leader behavior questionnaires (surveys aimed at measuring the existence and frequency of different leader behaviors) to all members of a team. Team members are instructed to fill these out once for the appointed leader and then again for all other team members. Although this allows leadership quantity to be assessed, it does not pinpoint how many other team members are engaging in leadership behaviors or how many members are looking to the same people for leadership. Social network analysis (SNA) addresses some of the flaws of

neg: National Assembly (France) the deputy return to his seat in the Assembly. To be eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, one must be at least 23 years old, of French citizenship, and not subject to a sentence of deprivation of civil rights or to personal bankruptcy. National Assembly (France) The National Assembly (; ) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's members are known as (; 'delegate' or 'envoy' in English; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word 'deputy'). There are

neg: 17th Congress of the Philippines from the first to third year of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte; this will be the end of tenure for senators elected in 2013. The 17th Congress was officially opened by President Duterte together with the joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers of Congress are divided into parties and blocs. While members are elected via parties, blocs are the basis for committee memberships. Only members of the majority and minority blocs are accorded committee memberships. This is how blocs are determined: In the speakership election, several members abstained from voting. They, along with the

neg: Protecting Cyber Networks Act Select Committee on Intelligence passed an amended version of the bill. On April 22, the House passed the bill by a vote of 307-116. Before final passage of the bill, the House passed an amendment from Rep. Andre Carson (D-Ind.) that would require the inspector general to report on how agencies remove personal information with information they receive. The amendment was proposed in response to concerns from privacy advocates including many Democratic House members. After passage in the House, the bill was sent to the Senate. As of June 28, 2016, the Senate had not taken action on the bill.

neg: President of France president of the republic are exercised by the "Gouvernement", meaning the Cabinet. This has been interpreted by some constitutional academics as meaning first the Prime Minister and, if he is himself not able to act, the members of the cabinet in the order of the list of the decree that nominated them. This is in fact unlikely to happen, because if the president of the Senate is not able to act, the Senate will normally name a new president of the Senate, that will act as President of the Republic. During the Third French Republic the President of the Council

neg: Senate (France) have to receive a vote of confidence. Also, a vote of censure can occur only after 10 percent of the members sign a petition; if rejected, those members that signed cannot sign another petition until that session of Parliament has ended. If the petition gets the required support, a vote of censure must gain an absolute majority of all members, not just those voting. If the Assembly and the Senate have politically distinct majorities, the Assembly will in most cases prevail, and open conflict between the two houses is uncommon. The Senate also serves to monitor the administration's actions by

neg: Minnesota Senate Minnesota Senate The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the Legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Due to the restoration process of the State Capitol taking place since 2014, the Senate held floor sessions in 2016 in the

neg: Canadian Senate seating plan Canadian Senate seating plan In the Senate of Canada, senators are generally seated as a group with members of the caucus of their political party. The members of the governing party or parties are seated to the right of the Speaker in the Senate of Canada, while members of opposition parties are generally seated to the left of the Speaker. Where the governing party or parties have more than half the members of the Senate, members of the government caucus are seated on the "opposition side", and where the government has less than half of the seats, opposition members are

neg: Senate (France) publishing many reports each year on various topics. Senate (France) The Senate (; pronunciation: ) is the upper house of the French Parliament, presided over by a president. Indirectly elected by elected officials, it represents territorial collectivities of the Republic and French citizens living abroad. The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally receive less media coverage. The Senate is housed inside the Luxembourg Palace in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, and is guarded by Republican Guards. In front of the building lies

neg: Bonus-malus also Bonus/Malus value (%), stating how many years the driver used the car without any accident or another event relevant to the insurance. It means, that the bonus/malus is assigned to the insured person and also to family members (e.g. wife), which is allowed to drive the car. The bonus can be transferred between insurance companies. In France, cars are taxed (malus) or credited (bonus) if their carbon emissions are above or below certain targets. The limits (can) change every year. The environmental tax is also applied as a malus, to all vehicles registered after 1 January 2008, affecting all

neg: 1809 United States Senate election in New York March 30, 1809, at Albany, New York. Assemblyman Obadiah German was the candidate of the Democratic-Republican Party. The incumbent U.S. Senator Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill ran for re-election. Ex-Clerk of Dutchess County David Brooks, a former Congressman (1797-1799), was the candidate of the Federalist Party. Obadiah German was elected. Obs.: It is unclear how the above vote was obtained. There are more votes than members of assembly, but in a joint ballot, there can be only two nominees. It seems to be the addition of the separate votes of the Assembly and the Senate. 1809 United States Senate election in

neg: Arizona Senate Arizona Senate The Arizona Senate is part of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the US state of Arizona. The Senate consists of 30 members each representing an average of 219,859 constituents (2009 figures). Members serve two-year terms with term limits that limit Senators to four terms for a total of eight years. Members of the Republican Party are currently the majority in the Senate. As with the Arizona House of Representatives, members to the Senate are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, however one Senator represents the constituency, while for the House there are two

neg: Minnesota House of Representatives elected to the House of Representatives. Each Senate district is divided in half and given the suffix "A" or "B" (for example, House district 32B is geographically within Senate district 32). Members are elected for two-year terms. Districts are redrawn after the decennial United States Census in time for the primary and general elections in years ending in 2. The most recent election was held on November 6, 2018. Minnesota House of Representatives The Minnesota House of Representatives is the lower house of the Legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. There are 134 members, exactly twice as many as

neg: Wilfred Kaplan higher education including tuition rates, enrollment rates, and changes in social customs; a study of changing demographics; the economic need for college-trained people for the betterment of society; and a thorough account of the present resources available to higher education and how these could be modified for greater efficiency. In the 1990s, Kaplan’s correspondence and reports focused heavily on the "grave difficulties" between faculty government leaders (members of the Senate Assembly) and the top administration offices, specifically President Duderstadt and Provost Whitaker. Many faculty grievances were concerned with the many decisions being made without faculty input and included complaints that

neg: Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes located in Bordeaux, France, presents the history of French customs. France has land borders with other members of the European Union Customs Union Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, Monaco and Spain. European Union laws prohibit systematic customs checks at any border between two members of its Customs Union. So, there is permanent customs facility at the borders with these countries. However, France has borders with non members of this Union : Switzerland, Andorra, Brazil and Surinam. At these borders are located customs facilities. Moreover, there are many facilities inland. French Customs are allowed to search vehicles, merchandises and individuals anywhere France

neg: Vietnamese people in France in France prior to 1975 and their descendants, and they tend to have more stable economic conditions. Many UGVF members are also members of the French Communist Party, while some are members of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Prior to 1975, the goal of UGVF was to advocate for an end to the Vietnam War and to provide support to the Hanoi government. After the communist victory in 1975, many UGVF members planned to repatriate to help rebuild the country, but they were viewed as a threat by the government due to their Western background. Those who were trained in

neg: Nguyen Quoc Quan In addition, an international lobbying campaign was undertaken to rally support of Western government officials behind this issue, including many elected officials from the United States, Norway, France and Australia. The broad support of this campaign by many officials is credited for his eventual release. On January 7, 2008 55 members of the California assembly signed a letter to the president of the Vietnam stating the "arbitrary detention of these individuals is unacceptable" and requested their immediate release. On March 12, 2008, chairman of Viet Tan, Do Hoang Diem, appeared before the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee’s subcommittee on East

neg: Constitution of Maine Senate which shall comprise the Maine Legislature. The number of members of each body are set, and their duties are described. This article also describes the establishment of districts, how members are elected by Electors in each district, the qualifications for office, a residency requirement, etc. However this article also reserves to the people certain important powers. "The people reserve to themselves power to propose laws and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the Legislature." Also the people reserve the "power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any Act, bill,

neg: Historian of the United States Senate files, assists researchers seeking access to Senate records, and maintains automated information databases detailing locations of former members' papers. It conducts oral history interviews with retired senior Senate staff and keeps extensive biographical and bibliographical information on former senators. Many of these interviews are available on the Senate website. A collection of more than thirty thousand Senate-related photographs and other illustrations is available for research and publication use. The Historical Office and its staff has also produced numerous publications through the years, covering all aspects of Senate history. Historian of the United States Senate The Historian of the United States

neg: Senator for life reaching the age of 75. Though senators appointed before the amendment were grandfathered in by the legislation, there are no longer any lifetime senators present in the Canadian Senate. Orville Howard Phillips, the last senator for life, resigned his seat in 1999. In France, during the Third Republic, the Senate was composed of 300 members, 75 of which were "inamovible" ("unremovable"). Introduced in 1875, the status was abolished for new senators in 1884, but maintained for those already in office. Émile Deshayes de Marcère, the last surviving "sénateur inamovible", died in 1918. Overall there had been 116 lifetime senators. In

neg: Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier aftermath of the coup, Sérurier was put on a commission to determine how to use auxiliary battalions on 15 November 1799. He became a member of the Sénat conservateur (Senate) on 27 December. In time Sérurier became vice-president of the Senate and in 1803 was appointed president of a commission that determined the border between France and Piedmont. In 1804 he was named governor of Les Invalides, a hospital and retirement home for veterans. On 19 May that year Emperor Napoleon named him an honorary Marshal of France. Out of 18 marshals appointed on this date, the other three honorary

neg: Aix-Marseille University least sixty members of the National Assembly of France, fourteen members of the Senate of France and five members of the European Parliament. Aix-Marseille University Aix-Marseille University (AMU; ; formally incorporated as "Université d'Aix-Marseille") is a public research university located in Provence, southern France. It was founded in 1409 when Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, petitioned the Pisan Antipope Alexander V to establish the University of Provence. The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the University of the Mediterranean and Paul Cézanne University. The merger became effective on 1

neg: Holy Ghost People (1967 film) in, such as snake handling, speaking in tongues, and four to six hour long meetings at the church multiple times a week. The narrators explain that while people are commonly bit while handling the snakes, mainly copperheads, they refuse medical help. The documentary then features several one-on-one interviews from various members of the church. These interviews reveal stories of how many of the church's members found salvation through the Holy Ghost and how the Holy Ghost saves them in their daily lives. Some members reveal stories of how they are able to speak in tongues; others reveal how they communicate

neg: Gérard Larcher 29 votes. After the victory of the right in September 2014 Senate elections, Larcher was again nominated for the post of President of the Senate by members of the UMP group, and he was elected as President of the Senate on 1 October 2014. Governmental function Senate mandates Senate of France Regional Council Municipal Council Gérard Larcher Gérard Philippe René André Larcher (born 14 September 1949) is a French politician serving as President of the Senate since 2014, previously holding the position from 2008 to 2011. A member of The Republicans, he was a Senator for the Yvelines department from

neg: Breaking Ground their reintegration into society. Some clients of Street to Home have re-established relationships with family members. Many are working or have returned to school. While on vacation in Ireland, Breaking Ground founder Rosanne Haggerty looked into how that country addresses the housing needs of its poorest residents. She found in the city of Belfast, the Foyer Program, a model long used in France, Ireland, and England to help young people without family and at risk of homelessness make the transition to adulthood. Haggerty hoped the model might be useful in New York City, where about 20 percent of homeless adults

neg: New York Constitution how to amend it, on April 6, 1801, the legislature passed a law with the title ""An Act Recommending a Convention"" for the purpose of considering the question of the interpretation of §23 of the Constitution, and also that part of the Constitution relating to the number of members of both Senate and Assembly. The Senate was originally composed of twenty-four members, and the Assembly of seventy members, and provision was made for an increase in each chamber at stated periods, until the maximum should be reached, which was fixed at one hundred senators and three hundred members of assembly.

neg: Paris Matignon in the 7th arrondissement. Government ministries are located in various parts of the city; many are located in the 7th arrondissement, near the Matignon. The two houses of the French Parliament are located on the Left Bank. The upper house, the Senate, meets in the Palais du Luxembourg in the 6th arrondissement, while the more important lower house, the Assemblée Nationale, meets in the Palais Bourbon in the 7th arrondissement. The President of the Senate, the second-highest public official in France (the President of the Republic being the sole superior), resides in the "Petit Luxembourg", a smaller palace annexe

neg: Jesse Helms 1991, Helms made a report public a special counsel report calling for California Senator Alan Cranston to be censured by the Senate on charges of reprehensible conduct. The document was delivered to members of the Senate Ethics Committee the previous month, Helms stating that his move came from the belief that the release would cause the panel to act faster, additionally citing the panel members with being at odds on how much of the report should be released as a reason for not closing an inquiry into Charles H. Keating Jr.. The Senate Ethics Committee subsequently voted to investigate Helms

neg: TATS CRU globe. Spraying countries such as Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Germany, Switzerland, Greece, France, and the United Kingdom. His work showcased in galleries from New York and Los Angeles to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art. TATS CRU TATS CRU, Inc. is a group of Bronx-based graffiti artists turned professional muralists. The current members of TATS CRU are Bio, BG183, Nicer, HOW, and NOSM. TATS CRU were founded by Brim, Bio, BG183 and Nicer. Over the last two decades, TATS CRU has produced various advertisements for clients

neg: Florida Senate the agenda in their chamber. The Senate President, along with the Speaker of the House and Governor, control most of the agenda of state business in Florida. Florida Senate The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of

neg: Burundi constitution mandates representation in the Transitional National Assembly to be consistent with 60% Hutu, 40% Tutsi, and 30% female members, as well as three Batwa members. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote and serve five-year terms. The Transitional Senate has fifty-one members, and three seats are reserved for former presidents. Due to stipulations in Burundi's constitution, 30% of Senate members must be female. Members of the Senate are elected by electoral colleges, which consist of members from each of Burundi's provinces and communes. For each of Burundi's eighteen provinces, one Hutu and one Tutsi senator are

neg: Constitution of Louisiana of the Louisiana House of Representatives (having no more than 105 members) and the Louisiana Senate (having no more than 39 members). Sets qualifications for office, term limits (no more than three consecutive terms), and for filling vacancies. This section also discusses when the Legislature shall meet in regular session and how "Extraordinary Sessions" (special sessions) can be convened (either by the Governor or by the leaders of both the House and Senate upon petition of the majority of the members of both houses). The regular session times and lengths, as well as what can be enacted, depend on the

neg: Kingdom of the Netherlands derogations will persist: e.g., social security will not be on the same level as in the European part of the Netherlands, and it is uncertain whether the islands will introduce the euro. The special municipalities will be represented in the affairs of the Kingdom by the Netherlands, as they can vote for the Dutch parliament. The current Dutch voting law specifies that the Senate is to be chosen by the provinces; however, the BES islands currently are not part of any province, and it is as yet unsure how they will elect members in the Senate. The Dutch government has

neg: Cambridge University Act 1856 members of the Senate as aforesaid respectively, not exceeding the number of heads of colleges, professors, or members of the Senate respectively to be then chosen; and in case of an equality of votes for any two or more of such heads of colleges, professors, or members of the Senate respectively, the Vice-Chancellor shall name from amongst those persons for whom the number of votes shall be equal as many as shall be requisite to complete the number of heads of colleges, professors, or members of the Senate to be then chosen.’ Cambridge University Act 1856 The Cambridge University Act

neg: Republican Party (United States) Republican members of Congress...accept the prevailing scientific conclusion that global warming is both real and man-made...eight out of 278, or about 3 percent". In 2014, Democrats scored 87% and Republican 4% on the National Environmental Scorecard of the League of Conservation Voters. In 2016, the average House Republican score was 5%; the average Senate Republican score was 14%; the average House Democrat score was 94%; and the average Senate Democrat score was 95%. Republicans are divided on how to confront illegal immigration between a platform that allows for migrant workers and a path to citizenship (supported by establishment types), versus

neg: Appropriations Committee (Georgia Senate) The subcommittees also scrutinize legislation for a balanced budget; to give or withhold their required assent. , the members of the Senate Appropriations Committee are: , the 13 subcommittees under the Senate Appropriations Committee are: Appropriations Committee (Georgia Senate) The Senate Appropriations Committee is a 30 member legislative body consisting of a chairman, a vice-chairman, a secretary, and 27 members. The Committee operates under a Senate mandate to propose legislation that allocates annual funds to state government agencies, departments, and organizations. It operates 13 subcommittees, formed by its members, to hear facts, and fulfill its legislative obligations Members of the

neg: Michael Villines at the time Governor Schwarzenegger, Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg, Senate Republican Leader Dennis Hollingsworth, and Speaker of the Assembly Karen Bass. Final agreements on such important issues as how to balance the budget are reached during "Big 5" meetings. Villines' leadership was key to the February 2009 Budget Deal, which included large spending cuts and temporary tax increases, that allowed California to reduce its $42 billion budget deficit. He was recognized by members of both political parties for his willingness to pursue a bipartisan solution to rapidly expanding crisis despite the risk to his political career. While the

neg: Senate of Pakistan The Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed from amongst the members of Parliament. However, the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of Senate, shall not at any time, exceed one fourth of the numbers of Federal Ministers. (1) The Senate shall consist of 104 members, of whom: (2) Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. (3) The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members of

neg: Politics of France houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry. The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council, members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic, the President of the National Assembly, and the President of the Senate. Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council. The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes. It is divided into the judicial branch (dealing with civil law and criminal law) and the administrative branch (dealing with appeals against executive decisions), each with their own independent supreme court

neg: The End of the Soul strange scientific pact, and anthropology itself, which the group's members helped to develop, had its genesis in aggressive, evangelical atheism. Essentially, "The End of the Soul" is a study of science and atheism in France in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It illustrates how anthropology grew in the context of an impassioned struggle between the forces of tradition, especially the Catholic faith, and those of a more freethinking modernism, and posits that it became for many a secular religion. Among the figures discussed are novelist Émile Zola, statesman Leon Gambetta, American birth control advocate Margaret Sanger, and Arthur Conan Doyle. "The

neg: 2016 United States presidential election in Colorado bound delegates at the April convention. The party claims somebody hacked its Twitter account, and the party claims to be investigating how the message was posted. In May 2015, the Colorado Senate defeated a bill to hold a 2016 presidential primary. State senators Kevin Grantham, Kent Lambert, Laura J. Woods, and Jerry Sonnenberg voted to stop the bill. Sonnenberg, Woods, Grantham, and Lambert are members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team" for Ted Cruz. Congressman Ken Buck and Colorado Secretary of State Wayne Williams are also members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team". The conventions were selected through

neg: Prostitution in France particularly discriminated against, since they were simultaneously 'rescued' and deported without in any way addressing their vulnerability. Calls for aiming trafficking policy at traffickers rather than sex workers came from the Senate Law Commission, the Delegations for Women's Rights in the Senate and National Assembly, as well as from the opposition. In the Senate hearings into prostitution that year, Claude Boucher of "Bus des Femmes", a sex worker support group, described how sex workers sell sex to survive, unable to make ends meet on social security or the minimum wage. To treat them as criminals, she argued, would just make

neg: Be2 more than 20,000 new members join be2 daily. However, it remains unclear how many of these members are active and how many have a Premium membership. They falsely advertise a scientific approach to dating with fake testimonials. On researching be2 it seems most members are trying to get our of their memberships because they being solicited for membership fees they didn't agree to. Some times ten times the amount of the initial first months fees. be2 is based on a scientific model of analysis that uses psychological, anthropological, and sociological criteria to assess the compatibility of two personalities for finding

neg: National Science Foundation President of the United States, and confirmed by the United States Senate, whereas the 24 presidentially appointed members of the National Science Board (NSB) do not require Senate confirmation. The director and deputy director are responsible for administration, planning, budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation, while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies. The current NSF director, confirmed in March 2014, is astronomer France A. Córdova, former president of Purdue University. The NSF was established by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950. Its stated mission is "To promote the progress of science; to

neg: World peace engineering, medicine or diplomacy used as an end to all forms of fighting. Since 1945, the United Nations and the 5 permanent members of its Security Council (the US, Russia, China, France and the UK) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war or declarations of war. Nonetheless, nations have entered numerous military conflicts since then. Many theories as to how world peace could be achieved have been proposed. Several of these are listed below. The term is traced back to the Roman Emperor Hadrian (reigned AD 117 – 138) but the concept is as old as the

neg: 2010 United States Senate Democratic primary election in Pennsylvania not pursue an investigation. Some politicians and members of the media said that the job offer made to Sestak was neither illegal nor abhorrent, and that such deals are regularly made by politicians of all levels. Chris Cillizza of "The Washington Post" felt the matter only appeared to be a scandal because the White House badly mishandled the response, and "Chicago Tribune" writer John Kass wrote, "Offering a spot to an ambitious young politician to protect an old servile weakling isn't new. Presidents do it, governors do it. Big-city mayors really know how to do it." 2010 United States Senate

neg: Texas House of Representatives and subpoenas, receiving and filing all documents received by the house, and maintaining the electronic information and calendar for documents. When there is a considerable update of the electronic source website, the Chief Clerk is also responsible for noticing House members via email. In addition to these committees, there are also six joint committees composed of members of both the State House and Senate: On May 14, 2007, CBS Austin affiliate KEYE reported on multiple voting by representatives during House floor sessions. The report noted how representatives register votes for absent members on the House's automated voting machines. Each representative

neg: Senate of Republika Srpska ethnicity to be appointed as members of the senate. Members of the Senate are: Senate of Republika Srpska The Senate of Republika Srpska is consultative body of the highest constitutive institutions of the Republika Srpska, an entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its organization and functions are regulated with the Constitution of the Republika Srpska entity and Law on the Senate of Republika Srpska entity. According to the initial text of the law of 1997 only Serbs could be appointed as members of the senate. The European Commission for Democracy through Law reported in 2001 that this was "abrogate discriminatory and

neg: Administration of Paris Administration of Paris As the capital of France, Paris is the seat of France's national government. For the executive, the two chief officers each have their own official residences, which also serve as their offices. The President of France resides at the Élysée Palace in the 8th arrondissement, while the Prime Minister's seat is at the Hôtel Matignon in the 7th arrondissement. Government ministries are located in various parts of the city; many are located in the 7th arrondissement, near the Matignon. The two houses of the French Parliament are located on the left bank. The upper house, the Senate,

neg: State visit Vestibule d'Honneur (Hall of Honour) in the Elysee is where the President of France meets visiting dignitaries an holds bilateral meetings. Towards the end of the visit, the head of state or governments will give a speech at the Palais Bourbon to the Senate of France, and will hold meetings with members of parliament. Sometime during the state visit, the visiting dignitary will lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Arc de Triomphe. During state visits to Germany, honours are provided by the German Wachbataillon (Guard battalion) and the Staff Band of the Bundeswehr. Depending

neg: Nuclear option Policy debates surrounding the nuclear option – a tool to implement a rule change – are closely related to arguments regarding the 60-vote requirement imposed by Rule XXII. Issues include: The U.S. Constitution does not explicitly address how many votes are required for passage of a bill or confirmation of a nominee. Regarding nominations, Article II, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution says the president "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges..." The Constitution includes several explicit supermajority rules, including requiring a two-thirds majority in the Senate for impeachment, confirming

neg: Ann Duplessis from $24,500 to $75,000. Also, lawmakers currently are allowed a monthly expense allowance of $500. Duplessis wanted that raised to $1,500 for members of the House and $3,000 for members of the Senate. Duplessis argued that lawmakers put in long hours and deserved to be compensated better. Many in the public don’t like the idea of more money for Louisiana lawmakers. Almost 70 percent of voters to a CityBusiness poll say a raise was not needed. Ann Duplessis Ann D. Duplessis is a Democratic former member of the Louisiana Senate for the Second District. She held the seat from 2004

neg: 2018 Czech Senate election election was considered the first major win for the opposition to Andrej Babiš' Cabinet. Commentators including Josef Kopecký also noted ODS confirmed their position as the main opposition party, ahead of the Czech Pirate Party. One-third of the 81-member Senate is elected every two years, giving Senators six year terms. Members of the Senate are elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system. The Senate election campaign ran parallel to the campaign for the municipal elections. ANO 2011 launched their campaign on 3 September 2018. Babiš said that ANO was offering many highly-qualified candidates, including Ivan Pilný and Eva Syková.

neg: Standing Rules of the United States Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by "suggesting the absence of a quorum"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to

neg: James Madison University positions that are elected by the JMU Student Body each academic year. The fourth member of the Executive Council is the Speaker of the Senate who is voted on by the Student Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate consists of Academic Senators and Class Council members who form the various committees within the Senate. SGA can be attributed to many of the traditions known to JMU, such as Homecoming's Purple Out, Mr. and Ms. Madison, Ring Premiere, the Annual Tree Lighting, the Big Event, and SafeRides. They also vote on Front End Budgeted (FEB) organizational budgets each year as well as allocate

neg: University of Western Ontario the senior dean of each faculty, the university librarian and the secretary of the senate. The secretary of the senate is a non-voting "ex officio" member. The Senate also consists of 46 elected members from the university's faculty, 18 members from the student population, and 9 members from the Western's affiliated colleges, including their principals. The Senate also consists of 9 other members from around the university community. In all, there are 103 members of the Senate, 102 of which may vote and 10–13 official observers of the Senate. The president and vice-chancellor acts as the university's chief executive officer,

neg: Koreans in France population in France are estimated to be students, falling from two-thirds a decade ago. Not many French people know that their country has a Korean community at all. In many cases, Koreans are mistaken for Chinese and thus lumped in as economic refugees. Only about 200 of the South Koreans in France are members of internationally married couples consisting of a South Korean partner and a French partner. Such couples experience a number of cultural conflicts, most commonly over the rigour of their children's education. Portrayals in popular culture of Koreans in France include the 2004 South Korean television series

neg: Women in government an interest in and life in politics" and that "many female politicians report being born into political families with weak gender-role norms." Women running for U.S senate are often underrepresented in news coverage. The way male and females are depicted in media has an effect of how female's candidates gets elected in to public office. Female candidates get treated differently in the media then their male counterparts in the U.S senate elections, Women receive less news coverage also the coverage they do receive concentrates more on their viability and less on their issue positions, causes female candidates to be overlooked

neg: Charles Sumner Dresden and Prague and south to Italy twice. In France he visited Brittany and Normandy, as well as Montpellier. He wrote his brother: "If anyone cares to know how I am doing, you can say better and better." Sumner returned to the Senate in 1859. When fellow Republicans advised taking a less strident tone than he had years earlier, he answered: "When crime and criminals are thrust before us, they are to be met by all the energies that God has given us by argument, scorn, sarcasm and denunciation." He delivered his first speech following his return on June 4,

neg: Academic Senate officer posts by the members of the senate. Deans of colleges as well as department chairs may be "ex officio" members of the academic senate. Motions, recommendations, or actions that are generated by the academic senate through discussion and which are passed by the body are never final and will normally be referred to the president of the university for final approval. Depending on the authorizing legislation or statutes and types of recommendations being made, boards of trustees, boards of regents or the equivalent may have to authorize senate recommendations. Academic Senate An academic senate is a governing body in

neg: 1854 and 1855 United States Senate elections term (1854-1855) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1854, Whig State Senator Myron H. Clark was elected Governor of New York, and 82 Whigs, 26 Softs, 16 Hards and 3 Temperance men were elected for the session of 1855 to the New York State Assembly. "Know Nothings are sprinkled miscellaneously among Whigs, Hards and Softs; and exactly how many there are of these gentry in the Assembly Nobody Knows." The 78th New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 14, 1855, at Albany, New York. In the Assembly, Seward received 69 votes, given by

neg: Caporegime a capo's crew and the state of the economy at the time. Mafia crews are usually independent from each other, with members typically operating strictly within their own crew. Asking Mafia members how many crews and how many individuals are in a family is prohibited because of the Mafia's oath of secrecy and the suspicion that the inquiring individual might be an informant. Sometimes a crew might specialize in certain areas like gambling, while other crews might be more involved in legitimate interests like construction. A crew might also operate in certain geographical areas. The number of caporegimes/crews depends on

neg: Australian Senate committees the Coalition's period of control, are shown below: Committees have two types of members: full members and participating members. In the case of standing committees, full members are the six outlined above. In addition, however, any Senator may arrange for the Senate to agree to their being made a participating member of the committee. This gives them the same rights as full members, with the important exception of being unable to vote on motions in private meetings of the committees. The committees are governed by the Standing Orders of the Senate, as well as being able to pass their own

neg: Opinion polling for the 2007 Philippine Senate election adopted them. Each candidate may be a member of different slates. A typical poll asks a person to name twelve persons one would vote for in the senate election. A pollster then ranks all candidates from highest to lowest; the candidates at the top 12 are deemed "safe", while those below the top 12 but whose margin of error is within the 12th placed candidate's figure are "statistically tied" with the 12th placed candidate. In this system, a pollster can determine how many seats each ticket can win since the entire country is a single at-large "district"; this is unlike

neg: Florida Legislature State Capitol building in Tallahassee. Members of the Senate are referred to as Senators and members of the House of Representatives are referred to as Representatives. Because this shadows the terminology used to describe members of Congress, constituents and the news media, using "The Associated Press Stylebook", often refer to Legislators as State Senators or State Representatives to avoid confusion with their Federal counterparts. The Senate is the upper house of the State Legislature. Its members are elected on a partisan basis for four-year terms. The Senate consists of 40 members elected from single-member election districts. Legislative districts are drawn

neg: 2 Military Police Regiment (Canada) following have served as the Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of 2 MP Regt: Members of the Senate are mostly retired police and/or military members. The Senate meets on a regular basis, normally in the Toronto area. Members are staunch advocates of members of the regiment. Senate members are eager to attend 2 MP Regt training and other events throughout the year, where they have opportunity to speak to regimental members one on one. 2 Military Police Regiment (Canada) 2 Military Police Regiment (2 MP Regt) is a unit of the Canadian Forces. It provides support to the Canadian Army within the Province

neg: LGBT rights in France the opposition party UMP voted against it (only 2 of its members voted yes). On 4 April 2013, the Senate started the debate on the bill and five days later it approved its first article in a 179–157 vote. On 12 April, the Senate approved the bill with minor amendments. On 23 April, the National Assembly approved the amended bill by a vote of 331 to 225, thus extended marriage and adoption rights to same-sex couples, making France the 13th country in the world to legalise same-sex marriage. However, a challenge to the law by the conservative UMP party was