query: name the andean animal raised for its fine wool

pos: Vicuña Vicuña The vicuña ("Vicugna vicugna") or vicuna (both , very rarely spelled "vicugna", which is actually the name of its genus) is one of the two wild South American camelids which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco. It is a relative of the llama, and is now believed to be the wild ancestor of domesticated alpacas, which are raised for their coats. Vicuñas produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensive because the animal can only be shorn every three years, and has to be caught from the wild.

pos: Vicuña Vicuña The vicuña ("Vicugna vicugna") or vicuna (both , very rarely spelled "vicugna", which is actually the name of its genus) is one of the two wild South American camelids which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco. It is a relative of the llama, and is now believed to be the wild ancestor of domesticated alpacas, which are raised for their coats. Vicuñas produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensive because the animal can only be shorn every three years, and has to be caught from the wild.

pos: Animal fiber of certain species of other mammals such as goats, alpacas, and rabbits may also be called wool. Alpaca fiber is that of an alpaca. It is warmer than sheep's wool and lighter in weight. It is soft, fine, glossy, and luxurious. The thickness of quality fiber is between 12-29 micrometers. Most alpaca fiber is white, but it also comes in various shades of brown and black. Angora wool or Angora fiber refers to the down coat produced by the Angora rabbit. There are many types of Angora rabbits - English, French, German and Giant. Angora is prized for its softness,

pos: Otavalo people the name of the Ecuadorian capital of Quito. The Otavalo area was densely populated. The Otavalo people practiced irrigation agriculture and constructed camelones or Waru Waru raised fields to regulate the supply of water for crops. Maize, potatoes and, at lower and warmer altitudes, coca and other tropical and sub-tropical crops were important products. Domesticated guinea pigs were an important source of animal protein, as was wild game such as deer. Prior to the Incas, the Otavalo apparently did not possess domesticated llamas and alpacas as did Andean peoples further south in Peru and Bolivia. The brief period of Inca

pos: Pre-Columbian era Xoloitzcuintle breed, for their meat. Andean societies had llamas and alpacas for meat and wool, as well as for beasts of burden. Guinea pigs were raised for meat in the Andes. Iguanas and a range of wild animals, such as deer and pecari, were another source of meat in Mexico, Central, and northern South America. By the 15th century, maize had been transmitted from Mexico and was being farmed in the Mississippi embayment, as far as the East Coast of the United States, and as far north as southern Canada. Potatoes were utilized by the Inca, and chocolate was used

pos: Chanka Chankas, but were at constant war with them and were allied with the Incas. The economy of the Uran Chancas was based primarily on agricultural crops and animals. They grew various Andean cultivated plants, in different ecological zones, and raised and shepherded llamas, vicuna, alpacas and guanacos, in herds of appreciable size, which were managed from towns with special provisions to control them and feed them while they provided wool and meat. Generally the ceramics were flat with a rough surface, and sometimes with a red diluted slip. The decoration was a relief, with the application of buttons or clay

pos: Puna grassland widespread and tends to increase to the east, toward the moister areas. Native tubers and grains are cultivated over large areas of the central puna. The inhabitants of this region cultivate native tubers (potatoes and maca) along with non-native grains such as barley and native pseudocereals such as quinoa. Alpacas, vicuñas, llamas, and guanacos are raised for wool and, as a result, most of the entirety of the puna is under the effect of animal grazing. Cattle, horses, and donkeys are localized in the wet/humid puna while llama, sheep and alpaca can be raised in both the wet and drier

neg: Cecilia Vicuña 1981, Vicuña performed "Parti si Pasión" (Share – Yes – Passion) in New York, where she writes “Parti si Pasión” in the colors of the American and Chilean Flag on the road to the World Trade Center. The name of this work is a capitalist dissection of the word “participation.” Vicuña calls this deconstruction of language palabrarmas, translating to “armswords.” This is a combination of the Spanish word “armas” (arms, weapons) and “palabra” (words). Linked to the sacred wild Andean vicuña animal by name, Cecilia Vicuña utilized the wool of these animals for her Cloud-Net installation series as a metaphoric

neg: Sling (weapon) engines. The sling was known throughout the Americas. In the ancient Andean civilizations such as Inca Empire, slings were made from llama wool. These slings typically have a cradle that is long and thin and features a relatively long slit. Andean slings were constructed from contrasting colours of wool; complex braids and fine workmanship can result in beautiful patterns. Ceremonial slings were also made; these were large, non-functional and generally lacked a slit. To this day, ceremonial slings are used in parts of the Andes as accessories in dances and in mock battles. They are also used by llama herders;

neg: Llama Mariquina and Huequén next to Angol raised the animal. Llamas have a fine undercoat, which can be used for handicrafts and garments. The coarser outer guard hair is used for rugs, wall-hangings and lead ropes. The fiber comes in many different colors ranging from white or grey to reddish-brown, brown, dark brown and black. Llama The llama (; ) ("Lama glama") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era. The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh

neg: Gansu Alpine Fine-wool horns. On average, ewes mature at 18 months while rams mature at 24 months. The average birthweight for rams is 4.2 kg while ewes is 4.0 kg. Ewes average 1.3 lambs per litter throughout her lifetime. Gansu Alpine Fine-wool Gansu Alpine Fine-wool is a breed of domesticated sheep from China. This breed was created by crossing Mongolian or Tibetan with Xinjiang Fine-wool and then with some fine-wool breeds from Russia. It is primarily raised for wool. This breed was specifically developed to readily adapt to the harsh climate and weather conditions native to the Huangchen District of Gansu Province. Both

neg: Gansu Alpine Fine-wool Gansu Alpine Fine-wool Gansu Alpine Fine-wool is a breed of domesticated sheep from China. This breed was created by crossing Mongolian or Tibetan with Xinjiang Fine-wool and then with some fine-wool breeds from Russia. It is primarily raised for wool. This breed was specifically developed to readily adapt to the harsh climate and weather conditions native to the Huangchen District of Gansu Province. Both sexes are unicolored and white. Rams are 78 cm tall at the withers, weigh 75 kg and have spiral shaped horns. Ewes are 65 cm at the withers, weigh 40 kg and have scurs or small

neg: Chullo Chullo Chullo (, from ) is an Andean style of hat with earflaps, made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool. Alpaca has wool-like qualities that help to insulate its wearer from the harsh elements in the Andean Mountain region. Chullos often have ear-flaps that can be tied under the chin, to further warm the wearer's head. Chullos have been used in the Andean Mountain region by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Wearing different types and colors has a significance among certain Andean natives. In the American TV show South Park, the character Craig Tucker wears a blue chullo.

neg: Chullo Chullo Chullo (, from ) is an Andean style of hat with earflaps, made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool. Alpaca has wool-like qualities that help to insulate its wearer from the harsh elements in the Andean Mountain region. Chullos often have ear-flaps that can be tied under the chin, to further warm the wearer's head. Chullos have been used in the Andean Mountain region by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Wearing different types and colors has a significance among certain Andean natives. In the American TV show South Park, the character Craig Tucker wears a blue chullo.

neg: Debouillet sheep Debouillet sheep The Debouillet is a breed of domestic sheep originating from Tatum, New Mexico. It was developed in the 1920s through crossing Rambouillet and Delaine Merino sheep and the breed's name is a portmanteau of these two ancestors. This breed is primarily raised for its wool. Specifically adapted to the arid ranges of the Southwestern U.S., the breed is a medium–size sheep with long, fine wool. Ewes are polled and rams may or may not have horns. Mature ewes will weigh from 125 lb (57 kg) to 160 lb (73 kg) and rams will weigh from 175 lb (79

neg: Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan products. Obtained wool classified as rough, semi-rough, semi-delicate and delicate wool. Sheep breeding is common for all regions of the country but delicate wool sheep are raised in mountainous areas and foothills. Armenian Semicoarsewool is raised as a rough woolen breed and Merino is raised for delicate wool in Azerbaijan. Besides, Karabakh and Garadolak are mainly raised breeds in Azerbaijan. Compared to other breeds these sheep can walk approximately 18 – 20 km per day. They are hot and dry weather resistant and quickly adapt to local conditions. However, breeds are resistant to tuberculosis and some other diseases, but frequently

neg: Animal fiber for its high luster and sheen, and is often used in fiber blends to add these qualities to a textile. Mohair also takes dye exceptionally well. Wool has two qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it has scales which overlap like shingles on a roof and it is crimped; in some fleeces the wool fibers have more than 20 bends per inch. Wool varies in diameter from below 17 micrometers to over 35 micrometers. The finer the wool, the softer it will be, while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to pilling. Qiviut is the fine

neg: Textile softness. Other animal textiles which are made from hair or fur are alpaca wool, vicuña wool, llama wool, and camel hair, generally used in the production of coats, jackets, ponchos, blankets, and other warm coverings. Angora refers to the long, thick, soft hair of the angora rabbit. Qiviut is the fine inner wool of the muskox. Wadmal is a coarse cloth made of wool, produced in Scandinavia, mostly 1000~1500 CE. Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare, and valuable fabric that is made from the silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of pen shells. Silk

neg: Wool, Dorset a fire. No-one was injured in the incident, but the tanker driver was arrested on suspicion of attempted murder. It received further media coverage in November 2018, when animal rights group PETA requested that the village be renamed Vegan Wool, claiming that the village's name "promotes hideous animal cruelty", despite its true origins. The county council agreed to debate the issue. Wool, Dorset Wool is a large village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Purbeck district of Dorset, England. In the 2011 census the parish – which includes Bovington Camp army base to the north – had 2,015 households

neg: Sajama National Park species of camelid related to the llama and the alpaca. These animals are prized because of their soft and warm, but extremely lightweight fur. Historically, only Incan emperors were allowed to wear their wool. Indigenous populations in the area still continue a rich cultural tradition of myths, legends, and rituals involving the vicuña. Once poached to near extinction because their fine, valuable wool, they are now protected in the area and their numbers are rebounding. The area is also home to armadillos, viscachas, bears, Andean cats, pumas, condors, pink flamingos, coots (black ducks), hummingbirds, rheas, and many more unique creatures.

neg: Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Sirohi breeds and 600 rabbit breeds. CSWRI is departmentalised into six divisions, each attending to a specific set of activities. Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding was started in 1966 under the name "Sheep Genetic Section" with a mandate to conduct research on improvement of indigenous breeds of sheep for wool and meat. It was renamed as Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding in 1975. Animal Genetics and Breeding Division carried out pioneer work in the field of crossbreeding for improving the production of mutton, carpet wool, apparel wool and pelt. Various crosses like Avikalin, Bharat Merino, Avimaans, Indian Karakul,

neg: Icelandic sheep used for different woolen products. Tog is generally classified as a medium wool around 27 micrometres in diameter. It is good for weaving and other durable products. Þel, being the finer wool and classified as such, is generally around 20 micrometres in diameter. This fine wool is used for garments that touch the skin. Tog and þel are processed together to produce "lopi", a distinctive knitting wool that is only made from the fleece of Icelandic sheep. Until the 1940s, Icelandic sheep were the predominant milk producing animal in Iceland. Sheep are not milked in Iceland today, and instead the

neg: Lamini fiber varies between 20 and 80 micrometers, depending on whether the llamas were raised for its wool or as a pack animal. The vicuña is the smallest camelid, with a shoulder height of and a weight of . Its coat is mainly beige in color and is said to make "the best wool in the world", with the average fiber diameter between 11 and 14 micrometers. Like rodents, the vicuña has continuously-growing incisors. It lives only in areas of high altitude – or greater – in the highlands of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. Lamini Lamini (members are called

neg: Vegetable Lamb of Tartary the "watersheep" as inspiration for the legend of the Vegetable Lamb of Tartary. Much like the vegetable lamb, the watersheep was believed to be both plant and animal and tales of its existence placed it near Persia. It was connected to the ground by a stem and, if the stem were severed, it would die. The animal was protected from aggressors by an enclosure built around it and by armored men yelling and beating drums. Its wool was also said to be used for fine clothing and headdresses. (In turn, the origin of watersheep is an explanation for sea silk.)

neg: Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Sheep Improvement Programmes will continue and efforts will be made to bring overall improvement in sheep productivity through distribution of superior germplasm and adoption of improved scientific management practices. CSWRI is credited with scientific animal husbandry efforts in the development of new strains of sheep for wool production such as Avikalin sheep for carpet wool production and Bharat Merino sheep for fine wool production in temperate climate. The Institute has also done research work with results in developing scientific breeding techniques of Malpura, Marwari, Magra and Chokla sheep. It has also been successful in crossbreeding of Malpura, Garole and Patanwadi

neg: Animal husbandry in South Africa Western Cape and the Free State. Holstein, Jersey, and Ayrshire are the most popular breeds of commercial dairy cattle. When Europeans first arrived in South Africa, the raising of fat-tailed sheep was well established over much of the present day territory. Indigenous sheep breeds, which were raised more for meat than wool, include the Damara, Zulu, and Pedi sheep. During the 1800s, British settlers introduced Merino sheep, which precipitated a brief commercial wool-boom in the Cape Colony. Animal husbandry in South Africa Animal husbandry in South Africa has a long history which greatly predates European colonization. Nguni people who migrated

neg: Animal fiber wool is wool obtained from the Cashmere goat. Cashmere is characterized by its luxuriously soft fibers, with high napability and loft. In order for a natural goat fiber to be considered Cashmere, it must be under 18.5 micrometers in diameter and be at least 3.175 centimeters long. It is noted as providing a natural light-weight insulation without bulk. Fibers are highly adaptable and are easily constructed into fine or thick yarns, and light to heavy-weight fabrics. Mohair is a silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the Angora goat. It is both durable and resilient. It is notable

neg: Llanwenog sheep necessary. This has important consequences for the health of both the animal and its keeper. This breed is raised primarily for meat. The Llanwenog is a medium-sized breed. Rams can reach or more and ewes average . The face and legs are black with a tuft of wool on the forehead. The wool is of high quality with a Bradford count of 56/58 and a staple length of . The breed is prolific, most ewes having twins, and the lambs are fast growing, twin lambs reaching a carcase weight of in 56 days. The sheep are long-lived, docile and easy

neg: Sheep shearing bothersome with long use. Animal welfare organizations have raised concerns about the abuse of sheep during shearing, and have advocated against the selling and buying of wool products. In 2013, an anonymous shearer reported instances of animal abuse by workers, an allegation to which an Australian Worker's Union representative added that he had witnessed "shearers gouge eyes and break sheep jaws." Australian Wool Innovation insisted that animal welfare was a priority among shearers. The following year, the RSPCA began a cruelty investigation following the release of video footage that PETA said was taken in more than a dozen shearing sheds

neg: Sheep most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleece, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones in Commonwealth countries, and lamb in the United States (including from adults). Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms

neg: Llama Llama The llama (; ) ("Lama glama") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era. The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between . At birth, a baby llama (called a "cria") can weigh between . Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more. They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free.

neg: Andean textiles arts were also instrumental in military and utilitarian use, both as armor and as diplomatic tools and exchanged during interpolitical negotiations. Textiles are also used as a medium of communication, indicating a person's social status and regional affiliation. Traditionally, thread used for textiles was spun from indigenous cotton plants, as well as alpaca and llama wool. Synthetic threads have since replaced most animal fibers in modern textile arts. The earliest known surviving textiles are samples of fiberwork found in Guitarrero Cave, Peru dating back to 8000 BCE. Early fiberwork by the Norte Chico civilization consisted of plant fibers that were

neg: Targhee sheep Targhee sheep The Targhee is a breed of domestic sheep developed in early 20th century by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. Targhee sheep are a dual-purpose breed, with heavy, medium quality wool and good meat production characteristics. They are hardy, and are especially suited to the ranges of the West where they were developed. Targhee are especially popular in Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota, where their ¾ fine wool and ¼ long wool breeding is favored by western ranchers. This breed is raised primarily for wool. Mature body weight in the rams is 200 lb (90 kg) to 300 lb

neg: Comeback sheep Comeback sheep The Comeback is a type of domestic sheep originating in Australia. This type of sheep results from crossbreds produced by British Longwool sheep and Merinos being mated back to Merinos. This cross is made to achieve a finer, better style of wool. Comeback style wool is also produced by Bond, Cormo and Polwarth sheep and they may prove easier to breed than Comebacks. The Comeback sheep are raised for meat and their fine wool. The staple length of the bulky wool is with an average diameter of 21 to 25 microns. The Comeback is well adapted to high

neg: Andean wolf with human, dog, wolf, and pig DNA, and had been chemically treated. In 1947, Krumbiegel connected the pelt with a skull he had discovered about ten years earlier. He claimed the skull was 31 centimeters long and belonged to an omnivorous canid substantially larger than a Maned wolf, as Maned wolf skulls are smaller, about 24 cm. He published a paper describing the animal and suggesting a scientific name for it: "Dasycyon hagenbecki", though the skull had allegedly been lost in 1945 during World War II and was not available for peer review. Andean wolf The Andean Wolf, or Hagenbeck's

neg: Animal of other animal species for food, both of domesticated livestock species in animal husbandry and, mainly at sea, by hunting wild species. Marine fish of many species are caught commercially for food. A smaller number of species are farmed commercially. Invertebrates including cephalopods, crustaceans, and bivalve or gastropod molluscs are hunted or farmed for food. Chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs and other animals are raised as livestock for meat across the world. Animal fibres such as wool are used to make textiles, while animal sinews have been used as lashings and bindings, and leather is widely used to make shoes and

neg: Camlin Fine Sciences Company has widened its applications for different food industries such as snacks, bakery, meat & poultry, spices & seasonings etc. and has also tapped potential shelf life solutions in fried snacks, pet food, fishmeal, biodiesel, confectionery, animal feed. CFS acquired 65% stake in Dresen Quimica S.A.P.I. de C.V., Mexico, to cover Central America and Andean States. Dresen is in the Mexican food and feed blends business. With this acquisition, the portfolio expanded to geographies in Mexico and Central America with products like antioxidant blends (traditional and natural),feed additives etc. CFS produces vanillin and ethyl vanillin using fully traceable vertically integrated

neg: Sea silk hereditary satraps (governors) of Armenia who received their insignia from the Roman Emperor were given chlamys (or cloaks) made from "lana pinna". Apparently only the ruling classes were allowed to wear these chlamys." The Arabic name for "sea silk" is "ṣūf al-baḥr" "sea wool". The 9th-century Persian geographer Estakhri notes that a sea-wool robe cost more than 1000 gold pieces and records its mythic source. At a certain period of the year an animal is seen running out of the sea and rubbing itself against certain stones of the littoral, whereupon it deposes a kind of wool of silken hue

neg: Wildlife of Ladakh Ladakh for decades if not generations. The Tibetan antelope, (, Indian English "chiru") is also endangered. Early in the 20th century the "chiru" was seen in herds of thousands, surviving on remarkably sparse vegetation, but they are vanishingly rare now. It has been hunted for its fine under-wool (Urdu: "shahtoosh", ), which must be pulled out by hand, a process done after the animal is killed. This "shahtoosh" is valued in South Asia for its light weight and warmth, but more than anything else, as a status symbol. Owning or trading in "shahtoosh" is now illegal in most countries. The

neg: Veganism Without Cruelty, founded as a charity in 1959, was one of the earliest manufacturers and certifiers of animal-free personal care products. Several international companies produce animal-free products, including clothes, shoes, fashion items, and candles. Vegans avoid clothing that incorporates silk, wool (including lambswool, shearling, cashmere, angora, mohair, and a number of other fine wools), fur, feathers, pearls, animal-derived dyes, leather, snakeskin, and any other kind of skin or animal product. Most leather clothing is made from cow skins. Vegans regard the purchase of leather, particularly from cows, as financial support for the meat industry. Vegans may wear clothing items and

neg: Garessina Garessina The Garessina or Muma is a breed of small sheep from the Garessina, the area surrounding Garessio in the province of Cuneo, in Piemonte in north-west Italy. It is raised principally in the valleys of the Tanaro, its affluent the Negrone, and the Casotto; it is not raised commercially, but kept as a family sheep. It has been influenced by Spanish Merino and French Alpine breeds. The wool is of fine quality. The Garessina is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the

neg: Dimity Dimity Dimity is a lightweight, sheer cotton fabric, used historically, having at least two warp threads thrown into relief to form fine cords. It is a cloth commonly employed for bed upholstery and curtains, and usually white, though sometimes a pattern is printed on it in colors. It is stout in texture, and woven in raised patterns. Originally dimity was made of silk or wool, but since the 18th century it has been woven almost exclusively of cotton. A palampore is a dimity made in India and used for bed coverings. Dimity is also a girls' name, which, while still

neg: Andean Cat Alliance the Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation (SWCCF) it has established a conservation center in the Salar de Surire, Chile, where it aims to dissuade the local people from hunting the animal. One of the main goals of the Alliance is to work with governments to strengthen management of Andean cat habitat and promote new protected areas and corridors where needed. Andean Cat Alliance The Andean Cat Alliance (Alianza Gato Andino - AGA) is a network of researchers and conservationists working to study and protect the andean cat ("Leopardus jacobita") and its habitat in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. It is

neg: Changtang a height of around . It covers an area of (from India to China). The water in India is salty, in China interest not, but in spite of that, during the winter the water freezes. The Pashmina goat is famous for its ultra fine Cashmere wool. Pasmina in Persian means 'made from wool' and in Kashmiri it translates to 'soft gold'. This breed of goat inhabits the Changthang plateau and therefrom gets its name. Pashmina shawls are hand spun in Kashmir and Nepal. Mohd Iqbal Yatoo, Maheshwar Singh, Syed Shafat Kubrevi, Mir Shabir, Ruksar Dar, Kunzes Angmo (2014). Safeguarding a

neg: Hammerum burial site style of the time period; it is colored, including red, and is covered with decorative scales. However, analyses of the fabric have provided no evidence of dyed threads, so the source of the coloration is unknown. The quality of the wool clothing varies among the pieces. The dress and scarf contain the largest amount of fine fibers, although coarser fibers were sorted from each item before spinning, demonstrating a relative care for their construction. Studies of the wool have traced the material to sheep who would have pastured in Denmark; the sparse remains of animal hide also located in the

neg: Changthangi the Changthang region of Greater Ladakh. The Changpa communities are a sub-sect of the larger Buddhist Drokpa community in northern Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir. They survive on grass in Ladakh, where temperatures plunge to as low as . These goats provide the wool for Kashmir's famous Pashmina shawls. Shawls made from Pashmina wool are considered very fine, and are exported worldwide. The Changthangi goats have revitalized the poor economy of Changthang, Leh and Ladakh region. Noori, the world's first cloned Pashmina goat, was cloned at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry of the Sher-e-Kashmir University of

neg: History of science and technology in Africa The ground or pit loom is used in the Horn of Africa, Madagascar, and North Africa and is of Middle Eastern origins. The Djellaba was made typically of wool and worn in the Maghreb. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a weft-faced plain weave pattern. Fragments of textile have also survived from the thirteenth century Benin City in Nigeria. In the Sahel, cotton is widely used in making the boubou (for men) and kaftan (for women). Bògòlanfini

neg: Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan is concerned with animals that are raised for meat, milk, eggs, leather, wool, fur and fibre production for people’s consumption in Azerbaijan. There are a number of improvement methods used in the local livestock processing and production fields. During the recent years, more than 15 modern production complexes improved by leasing. They are Hachalmurad (Imishli district), Bayim Sarov (Samukh district), Balakurd (Goranboy district), Afatli (Agdam district), Agabayli (Aghjabadi district), Kharkhatan (Lankaran district), Qasimli (Masalli district), Mehdili (Barda district), Digah settlement (Absheron district). Cattle and sheep are main species preferred by Azerbaijanis and

neg: Wool The quality of wool is determined by its fiber diameter, crimp, yield, color, and staple strength. Fiber diameter is the single most important wool characteristic determining quality and price. Merino wool is typically 3–5 inches in length and is very fine (between 12 and 24 microns). The finest and most valuable wool comes from Merino hoggets. Wool taken from sheep produced for meat is typically more coarse, and has fibers in length. Damage or breaks in the wool can occur if the sheep is stressed while it is growing its fleece, resulting in a thin spot where the fleece is

neg: Wool alien Wool alien The term wool alien is used for any plant species whose occurrence at a particular site is due to transportation there as a result of the making of wool products. The most common source of wool aliens is when a plant, seed, or bur attaches to the wool of a sheep or other wool-producing animal prior to shearing. After the animal is shorn and the raw wool is transported to a refinery mill, the impurities are discarded along with the attached seed, which then successfully germinates. Wool aliens are typically found on waste ground near woollen mills. Wool

neg: Wildlife of China and lives on the Tibetan Plateau. The Przewalski's gazelle, whose males have distinctive horns that curl outward and then inward at the top, are extremely rare and endemic to a small region around Qinghai Lake on the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The goitered gazelle is about the same size as the Mongolian gazelle and is found throughout the Gobi Desert. The Tibetan antelope, also known as chiru, is taller than the gazelles and has longer horns. It is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and is endangered. The animal is poached for its fine wool, which is made by

neg: Escallonia resinosa the indigenous peoples of the Andes since ancient times. The wood was also probably used by the Incas to make a type of ceremonial vases called kero. Leaves are used as a source of a beige color dye applied to cotton and wool. Escallonia resinosa Escallonia resinosa is an evergreen shrub or tree native to the Andean forests of Peru, Bolivia and southern Ecuador from 2600 to 4200 meters above sea level. A component of high Andean forests, it is regarded as an important source of raw materials for the Andean peoples. "Escallonia resinosa" grows as a shrub or tree

neg: Wool alien cleanings have also been used as soil conditioners in orchards and fields, which may also contain wool alien species. Stork's-bills ("Erodium") are particularly prone to appearing as wool aliens in Britain. Wool alien The term wool alien is used for any plant species whose occurrence at a particular site is due to transportation there as a result of the making of wool products. The most common source of wool aliens is when a plant, seed, or bur attaches to the wool of a sheep or other wool-producing animal prior to shearing. After the animal is shorn and the raw wool

neg: Andean Region, Venezuela Actually, the Venezuelan Andean region has the Mérida state in it, which has the highest elevation in the country at 4,978 metres with the Bolívar Mountain. Economical activities in the region concentrate farming and many animal, coffee and fish production, as well as tourism and handcrafts. The ULA is the largest university in the Venezuelan Andes and it has campuses in the three major Andean states: Mérida, Táchira and Trujillo. For commercial trade, the region has a fluvial exit through Lake Maracaibo using the port of La Ceiba in the Trujillo state. However, its major linking with other foreign countries

neg: Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan A number of improved programs implemented in order to reach 310 000 bee families in 2020. 61% of the vegetation that bees take nectar accounted by Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus. This geographical condition increases the availability of beekeeping in the country. Every year, honey exhibitions and sale fairs are organized in order to expand the market scale of the beekeepers. The existing bee species are “Gray Caucasus”, Yellow Caucasus", “Gapaktapa” and “Gonagkand” in Azerbaijan. Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan Animal husbandry in Azerbaijan is concerned with animals that are raised for meat, milk, eggs, leather, wool, fur and fibre production

neg: Agriculture in Spain rearing predominated in central Spain and the Ebro Basin. Goats were kept in much the same area, but they were more prevalent in the higher, less grassy elevations because they can survive on poorer pasture. Merino sheep, the best known breed, were probably imported from North Africa, and they were well adapted to semiarid conditions. Merino sheep, noted for their fine wool, were widely used as stock for new breeds. Other prominent breeds were the churro and the manchegan. Although raised primarily for wool, milk, and cheese, Spanish farm animals, particularly sheep, were increasingly used to satisfy the country's meat

neg: African textiles African textiles African textiles were often made of animal hair and woven. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a weft-faced plain weave pattern. Some fragments have also survived from the thirteenth century Benin City in Nigeria. Some examples of African textiles are the following: Weaving is of great importance in many African cultures. The Dogon, for example, believe that spinning and weaving thread can be likened to human reproduction and the notion of rebirth. The color of

neg: Animal fiber underwool of the muskox. Qiviut fibers are long (about 5 to 8 cm), fine (between 15 and 20 micrometers in diameter), and relatively smooth. It is approximately eight times warmer than sheep's wool and does not felt or shrink. Hand spinners also use fiber from animals such as llamas, camels, yak, and possums. These fibers are generally used in clothing. Hair from animals such as horses is also an animal fiber. Horsehair is used for brushes, the bows of musical instruments and many other things. The best artists brushes are made from Siberian weasel, many other fibers are used including

neg: Changthangi Changthangi The Changthangi ,"'Changra"'or Pashmina goat, is a breed of goat inhabiting the plateaus in Tibet, Nepal, parts of Burma and neighbouring areas of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India. They are raised for ultra-fine cashmere wool (known as pashmina once woven) but were also reared for meat in the past. This bloodline of the "capra hircus" or Cashmere goat, grows a thick, warm undercoat which is the source of Kashmir Pashmina wool - the world's finest Cashmere measuring between 12-15 microns in fiber thickness. These goats are generally domesticated and are reared by nomadic communities called the Changpa in

neg: Changthangi Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST) in Shuhama, 25 km east of Srinagar, on March 15, 2012. Changthangi The Changthangi ,"'Changra"'or Pashmina goat, is a breed of goat inhabiting the plateaus in Tibet, Nepal, parts of Burma and neighbouring areas of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India. They are raised for ultra-fine cashmere wool (known as pashmina once woven) but were also reared for meat in the past. This bloodline of the "capra hircus" or Cashmere goat, grows a thick, warm undercoat which is the source of Kashmir Pashmina wool - the world's finest Cashmere measuring between 12-15 microns

neg: Andean condor ever known for a bird. The Andean condor is considered near threatened by the IUCN. It was first placed on the United States Endangered Species list in 1970, a status which is assigned to an animal that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Threats to its population include loss of habitat needed for foraging, secondary poisoning from animals killed by hunters and persecution. It is threatened mainly in the northern area of its range, and is extremely rare in Venezuela and Colombia, where it has undergone considerable declines in recent years. Because

neg: Merino 14th centuries, Spanish breeders introduced English breeds which they bred with local breeds to develop the merino; this influence was openly documented by Spanish writers at the time. Spain became noted for its fine wool (spinning count between 60s and 64s) and built up a fine wool monopoly between the 12th and 16th centuries, with wool commerce to Flanders and England being a source of income for Castile in the Late Middle Ages. Most of the flocks were owned by nobility or the church; the sheep grazed the Spanish southern plains in winter and the northern highlands in summer. The

neg: Animal fiber Animal fiber Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are silk, hair/fur (including wool) and feathers. The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk. Also very popular are alpaca fiber and mohair from Angora goats. Unusual fibers such as Angora wool from rabbits and Chiengora from dogs also exist, but are rarely used for mass production. Not all animal fibers have the same properties, and even within a species the fiber is not consistent. Merino is a very

neg: Merino µm). Ultra fine wool is suitable for blending with other fibers such as silk and cashmere. The term "merino" is widely used in the textile industries, but it cannot be taken to mean the fabric in question is actually 100% merino wool from a Merino strain bred specifically for its wool. The wool of any Merino sheep, whether reared in Spain or elsewhere, is known as "merino wool". However, not all merino sheep produce wool suitable for clothing, and especially for clothing worn next to the skin or as a second skin. This depends on the particular strain of the

neg: Animal fiber three times tougher than Kevlar. It is also highly elastic, the silk of the ogre-faced spider can be stretched six times its original length without damage. As of 2005, there is no synthetic material in production that can match spider silk, but it is actively being sought by the U.S. military for such applications as body armour, parachutes and rope. Genetically engineered goats have been raised to produce spider silk in their milk at a cost of around $1,500 per gram. Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair

neg: Animal fiber ox hair and hog bristle. Camel-hair brushes are usually made from squirrel, cheaper ones from pony, but never camels. Chiengora is dog hair. Wool from a wide range of animals can be used for handicrafts and garments. The table below lists a variety of animal fibers and the approximate average diameter of each. Animal fiber Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are silk, hair/fur (including wool) and feathers. The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk. Also

neg: Andean catfish Andean catfish The Andean catfish ("Astroblepus ubidiai") is a species of freshwater fish in the family Astroblepidae. The Spanish name for the Andean catfish is "preñadilla". It is endemic to the highlands of the Ecuadorian Andes where it lives in mountain streams in four different drainage basins in the Imbakucha watershed. It is a brownish-grey fish growing to about . The fish is threatened by human activities in the area with loss and fragmentation of its habitat, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "critically endangered". The Andean catfish's natural habitats are

neg: Harold Burnell Carter Australia’s Merino fine wool economy. Harold Burnell Carter Harold Burnell Carter, BVSc, DVSc (Hon), FRSE, AM; (3 January 1910 – 27 February 2005) was an Australian scientist whose work in the middle decades of the twentieth century at the CSIR (CSIRO) - Australia’s national scientific research organization - laid foundations for the scientific understanding of the biology of Merino fine wool upon which much of Australia’s economy depended at the time. As an author, he has been collected by libraries. Carter’s investigations were focussed upon the histology of the wool fibre, its embryonic development and the genetic and environmental factors

neg: Sheep of their wool. Fine wool breeds are those that have wool of great crimp and density, which are preferred for textiles. Most of these were derived from Merino sheep, and the breed continues to dominate the world sheep industry. Downs breeds have wool between the extremes, and are typically fast-growing meat and ram breeds with dark faces. Some major medium wool breeds, such as the Corriedale, are dual-purpose crosses of long and fine-wooled breeds and were created for high-production commercial flocks. Long wool breeds are the largest of sheep, with long wool and a slow rate of growth. Long wool

neg: Animal husbandry llama. Some authorities use much broader definitions to include fish in aquaculture, micro-livestock such as rabbits and rodents like guinea pigs, as well as insects from honey bees to crickets raised for human consumption. Animals are raised for a wide variety of products, principally meat, wool, milk, and eggs, but also including tallow, isinglass and rennet. Animals are also kept for more specialised purposes, such as to produce vaccines and antiserum (containing antibodies) for medical use. Where fodder or other crops are grown alongside animals, manure can serve as a fertiliser, returning minerals and organic matter to the soil in

neg: Steel wool Light painting, where many sparks are released, is one application. Very fine steel wool can also be used as tinder in emergency situations, as it burns even when wet and can be ignited by fire, a spark, or by connecting a battery to produce joule heating. Steel wool products are supplied in grades from the coarser grades 3 and 4 to the super fine grade 0000. Rust-resistant (stainless) steel wool is also available. Steel wool Steel wool, also known as iron wool, wire wool, steel wire or wire sponge, is a bundle of very fine and flexible sharp-edged steel filaments.

neg: Sheep farming Sheep farming Sheep farming is the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. It is a branch of animal husbandry. Sheep are raised principally for their meat (lamb and mutton), milk (sheep's milk), and fiber (wool). They also yield sheepskin and parchment. Sheep can be raised in range of temperate climates, including arid zones. Farmers build fences, housing, shearing sheds and other facilities on their property, such as for water, feed, transport and pest control. Most farms are managed so sheep can graze pastures, sometimes under the control of a shepherd or sheep dog. The major sources of income for a

neg: Comisana yield about 2.5 kg of wool, ewes about 1.3 kg; the wool is of coarse quality, suitable for mattresses. Comisana The Comisana, also known as Faccia Rossa and Lentinese, is a breed of domestic sheep indigenous to central and northern Sicily, Italy. Its name derives from that of the comune of Comiso, in the province of Ragusa. It is raised principally in the provinces of Caltanissetta, Enna and Palermo, but is found in many other Italian provinces and has also been exported to other Mediterranean countries. The origins of the Comisana sheep are obscure; it is a southern Mediterranean breed.

neg: Economic history of Australia hunter-gathering had created inland grasslands in the southeast that were ideally suited to the production of fine wool. Both the physical environment and the official incentives just described raised expectations of considerable profits to be made in pastoral enterprise and attracted a growing stream of British capital in the form of organizations like the Australian Agricultural Company (1824), which was granted the right to select 1,000,000 acres (4,047 km2) in New South Wales for agricultural development; and new corporate settlements were established in Western Australia (1829) and South Australia (1836). By the 1830s, wool had overtaken whale oil as the

neg: Rouge du Roussillon Rouge du Roussillon The Rouge du Roussillon is an endangered breed of sheep from southern France. It is primarily raised in the French Mediterranean countryside for lamb meat. The Rouge du Rossillon is of Algerian descent, and came to France in the 18th century, and was likely introduced to France via Spain. The Rouge du Rossillon is a medium fine-wool breed. The males typically weigh 75–100 kg and stand 75–90 cm tall, while ewes normally weigh around 55–65 kg and stand 65–75 cm tall. In terms of coloration, the Rouge du Rossillon typically has white wool with red colored head

neg: Andean Cat Alliance become local wildlife monitors so they may better contribute to protecting the andean cat and its habitat. Other activities include holding seminars and community festivals to both develop conservation strategies, and to raise awareness and learn the needs of the communities in each of the four range countries. AGA's publicity initiatives have included getting the Chilean government to associate the animal with the "Day of Native Fauna", marked annually on 5 November. The Alliance is building an EcoMuseo (“Ecological Museum”) in the “Centro Poblado Menor de Alto Perú,” a Peruvian village located in proximity to andean cat habitat. Working with

neg: Human uses of animals clams, oysters, cockles, and whelks are all hunted or farmed for food. Mammals form a large part of the livestock raised for meat across the world. They include (2011) around 1.4 billion cattle, 1.2 billion sheep, 1 billion domestic pigs, and (1985) over 700 million rabbits. Textiles from the most utilitarian to the most luxurious are made from animal fibres such as wool, camel hair, angora, cashmere, and mohair. Hunter-gatherers have used animal sinews as lashings and bindings. Leather from cattle, pigs and other species is widely used to make shoes, handbags, belts and many other items. Animals have been

neg: Sheep farming pork, beef, and other meats. Since the 1990s, U.S. sheep operations declined from around 105,000 to around 80,000 due to shrinking revenues and low rates of return. According to the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, the "sheep industry accounts for less than 1 percent of U.S. livestock industry receipts." Sheep farming Sheep farming is the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. It is a branch of animal husbandry. Sheep are raised principally for their meat (lamb and mutton), milk (sheep's milk), and fiber (wool). They also yield sheepskin and parchment. Sheep can be raised in

neg: Andean condor condor possessed medicinal powers, sometimes leading to the hunting and killing of condors to obtain its bones and organs. In some versions of Peruvian bullfighting, a condor is tied to the back of a bull, where it pecks at the animal as bullfighters fight it. The condor generally survives and is set free. In Peru, they are occasionally shot, but more often revered and used for ceremonial purposes. The Yawar Fiesta is a celebration, the pinnacle of which is the tying of an Andean condor to the back of a bull, allowing the condor to kill the bull with its

neg: Yass, New South Wales of the country's most famous sheep studs and arguably its leading fine-wool establishment in 1903. Yass is a prominent area for raising sheep which produce very fine wool due to the soil and climatic conditions of the Yass area. Yass was one of the sites proposed for the Federal Capital after 1901. Yass was the first town in New South Wales to have a fluoridated water supply in 1956. It has never been explained why Yass was the home to a number of flour mills, especially as the district is well known for the production of fine merino fleece. Linge

neg: Merino by their owners. They must be shorn at least once a year because their wool does not stop growing. If this is neglected, the overabundance of wool can cause heat stress, mobility issues, and even blindness. Merino wool is fine and soft. Staples are commonly long. A Saxon Merino produces of greasy wool a year, while a good quality Peppin Merino ram produces up to . Merino wool is generally less than 24 micron (µm) in diameter. Basic Merino types include: strong (broad) wool (23–24.5 µm), medium wool (19.6–22.9 µm), fine (18.6–19.5 µm), superfine (15–18.5 µm) and ultra fine (11.5–15

neg: Pantanal animal species. The name "Pantanal" comes from the Portuguese word "pântano", meaning wetland, bog, swamp, quagmire or marsh. By comparison, the Brazilian highlands are locally referred to as the "planalto", plateau or, literally, high plain. The Pantanal is a huge, gently-sloped basin that receives runoff from the upland areas (the Planalto highlands) and slowly releases the water through the Paraguay River and tributaries. The formation is a result of the large, concave pre-Andean depression of the earth's crust, related to the Andean orogeny of the Tertiary. It constitutes an enormous internal river delta, in which several rivers flowing from the

neg: Harold Burnell Carter supervision, were opened in 1953 as the “Sheep Biology Laboratory” of the CSIRO (renamed the “Ian Clunies Ross Animal Research Laboratory” in 1959 following the death of Clunies Ross, the Director of CSIRO). Following completion of the Sheep Biology Laboratory Carter resigned from the CSIRO and took a position at the Animal Breeding Research Organisation in Edinburgh, Scotland. In the later decades of his life he devoted himself increasingly to primary historical scientific research on the origins of the Merino as a producer of fine wool. This work culminated in a major biography of Sir Joseph Banks, a founder of

neg: Animal fiber soft, fine wool, while Cotswold is coarser, and yet both merino and Cotswold are types of sheep. This comparison can be continued on the microscopic level, comparing the diameter and structure of the fiber. With animal fibers, and natural fibers in general, the individual fibers look different, whereas all synthetic fibers look the same. This provides an easy way to differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers under a microscope. Silk is a "natural" protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm

neg: African textiles and how the impact of Islam and Christianity affected African life. The same is true of major events such as colonialism, the African Slave Trade, even the Cold War. African textiles also have significance as historical documents, offering perspectives in cases where written historical accounts are unavailable: "History in Africa may be read, told and recorded in cloth." African textiles African textiles were often made of animal hair and woven. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a

neg: Rug hooking today has evolved into two genres, which primarily fall into groups based upon the width of the wool strip employed to create a rug: fine hooking and primitive hooking. Fine hooking, in general, uses strips of wool measuring 1/32 to 5/32 of an inch wide. Designs of the fine-cut hooking genre use more fine shading accomplished by overdyeing wool in graduated color swatches. Primitive (or wide-cut) hooking uses wool strips measuring 6/32 up to 1/2-inch wide. The wide-cut hooking accomplishes shading and highlights using textures in wool, such as plaids, checks, herringbones, etc. Wide-cut designs are generally less detailed and

neg: Livestock Livestock Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to those that are bred for consumption, while other times it refers only to farmed ruminants, such as cattle and goats. In recent years, some organizations have also raised livestock to promote the survival of rare breeds. The breeding, maintenance, and slaughter of these animals, known as animal husbandry, is a component of modern agriculture that has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to farming from

neg: Pashmina cashmere and silk might be labeled 50% Cashmere, 50% Silk or 70% Cashmere, 30% Silk, depending upon the actual cashmere and silk content. If the item contains only cashmere, it should be labeled 100% Pashmina or All Cashmere, by the Wool Act or regulations. Pashmina Pashmina is a fine type of cashmere wool. The textiles made from it were first woven in Kashmir. The name comes from / "pašmina", meaning "made from wool". Pashmina came to be known as 'cashmere' in the West because Europeans first encountered this fibre in Kashmir. The wool comes from a number of different breeds

neg: Howard Michell been sent overseas for processing. The quality of tops was also improved by this method, producing wool suitable for the manufacture of fine clothing. In 1947, Michell pioneered an incentive wage scheme at the company's Hindmarsh and Fremantle processing facilities, whereby the typical worker could earn an average of 27% above the award wage for production beyond standard output levels. Michell consolidated its operations to its present Salisbury site in 1973. He also drove an international expansion of the company's wool and tannery operation, particularly in China and Ireland. In 1987, when the company closed down its wool processing operations

neg: Racka of Hungary and to a lesser extent in Caras Severin, Romania. Due to its unique features, appealing for show it has recently been exported in growing numbers to United Kingdom, United States and France, while in its home range interest remains limited . It is a hardy, multi-purpose breed used for milking, wool and meat. Their wool is long and coarse, and appears in two general types: a cream wool with light brown faces and legs, and a black variation. Ewes weigh around , and rams . The breed's unique appearance and quiet disposition would make it a desirable animal

neg: Salinerito Salinerito Salinerito is an Ecuadorian brand that represents cooperative companies from the Andean mountain village Salinas de Guaranda in the province of Bolívar. Salinerito is perhaps best known for its cheeses and chocolates, and also sells dried mushrooms, fruits, nougats, marmalade, lamb and alpaca wool textiles, and yarn. The products are sold in Ecuador at local grocery stores and exported for example to Japan and Italy. Salinerito is known for its model of solidarity economy: The profits are used for improving the business or for social development. The legal owner of the brand is Gruppo Salinas, the umbrella organization that

neg: Wool measurement Wool measurement A micron (micrometre) is the measurement used to express the diameter of wool fibre. Fine wool fibers have low micron value. Fibre diameter is the most important characteristic of wool in determining its value. Every fleece comprises a very wide range of fibre diameters—for example a typical Merino fleece will contain fibres of as low as 10 microns in diameter, and there could be fibres with diameters exceeding 25 microns, depending on the age and health (or nutrition) of the sheep. What is usually referred to as wool's "micron" is the mean of the fibre diameters or average

neg: Pleurodema bibroni Pleurodema bibroni Pleurodema bibroni is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. Its common name is four-eyed frog, although this name can also refer to the genus "Pleurodema" in general. The common name refers to two inguinal poison glands that resemble eyes. When threatened, the frog lowers its head and raises its rear. When the frog adopts this posture the poison glands are also raised toward the predator. The predator may also confuse the frog's raised posterior for the head of a larger animal. "Pleurodema bibroni" is found in Uruguay and southern Brazil. Its natural habitats are coastal sand

neg: Salinerito represents the common interests of the people of Salinas and its six member institutions. Gruppo Salinas is a member of the WFTO. Gruppo Salinas Corporation gather many organisations which are: Salinerito Salinerito is an Ecuadorian brand that represents cooperative companies from the Andean mountain village Salinas de Guaranda in the province of Bolívar. Salinerito is perhaps best known for its cheeses and chocolates, and also sells dried mushrooms, fruits, nougats, marmalade, lamb and alpaca wool textiles, and yarn. The products are sold in Ecuador at local grocery stores and exported for example to Japan and Italy. Salinerito is known for

neg: Agriculture in ancient Greece familiar with the rearing of cattle, the practice was restricted as a result of geographic expansion into less suitable terrain. Goats and sheep quickly became the most common livestock; less difficult to raise and providers of meat, wool, and milk (usually in the form of cheese). Pork and poultry (chicken and geese) were also raised. Oxen were rare and normally used as a work animal, though they were occasionally used as sacrificial animals (see Hecatomb). Donkeys, mules and their mixes were raised as pack or draught animals. Horses were raised on the plains of Thessaly and Argolis; it was a

neg: Sue Hatcher Associate Editor for "Animal Production Science". Sue Hatcher Sue Hatcher is an Australian animal genetics researcher at the Orange Agricultural Institute, part of the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. Hatcher received her Bachelor's degree in 1989 and PhD from the University of Western Australia in 1995 in Animal Science. She then took a position with the Woolmark Company as their Wool Grower Communications Officer, before leaving in 1997 to work with New South Wales Agriculture. She conducts applied research into the genetic, economic and industry constraints on wool production around Australia, including work on wool metrology and fibre

neg: Medieval English wool trade to meat production for domestic urban markets, and European supremacy in the production of fine-wool passed to the Iberian peninsula and its merino sheep. The table charts English woolsack and broadcloth exports, in five-year means, 1281–1545. Key studies of the topic include: Medieval English wool trade The medieval English wool trade was one of the most important factors in the medieval English economy. 'No form of manufacturing had a greater impact upon the economy and society of medieval Britain than did those industries producing cloths from various kinds of wool'. The trade's liveliest period, 1250–1350, was 'an era when trade

neg: Elliottdale Elliottdale The Eliottdale is a breed of domestic sheep originating from Tasmania. It is a carpet wool breed raised primarily for its wool. Due to the amount of wool grown by the Eliottdale, it needs to be shorn twice per year. The wool has a fibre diameter of 38 - 40 microns. At each shearing, the wool is approximately in length and weighs about . On average, rams weigh and ewes weigh at maturity. Rams can be horned or polled (hornless). Ewes are always polled. The breed is uni-colored and white. The Elliottdale is a dual purpose meat/wool sheep. When

neg: Shetland sheep and polled rams do occur occasionally. The breed is noted for its very fine, soft wool and the high quality of its meat, though its smaller size limits its use in commercial meat markets. They are small-bodied animals, with some wool on their faces, noses or legs, but not in excess. The legs are of medium length and finely boned. They have small, erect ears. A distinguishing feature of northern short-tailed sheep is the short, fluke-shaped tail, broad at the base, tapering to a point, and covered towards the tip in hair, not wool. Shetlands occur in many different colours

neg: Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute At present Dr. Arun Kumar is head of the division. The division had its origin in 1965 under the name, the Sheep Nutrition Section and was upgraded to cover all aspects of animal nutrition including grass land and forage agronomy. The division is mandated to: The Division of Animal Health was originally with Sheep Husbandry section but was upgraded as an independent division in 1987. The initial mandate of the division was to cover the health related aspects of the flocks under the institute. Later, the division was expanded by obtaining diagnostic laboratories and other equipment. CSWRI started a Physiology

neg: Clothing in ancient Rome the province of Gallia Belgica were also renowned for the quality of their wool exports, the latter producing a heavy, rough wool suitable for winter. For most garments, white wool was preferred; it could then be further bleached, or dyed. Naturally dark wool was used for the "toga pulla" and work garments subjected to dirt and stains. In the provinces, private landowners and the State held large tracts of grazing land, where large numbers of sheep were raised and sheared. Their wool was processed and woven in dedicated manufactories. Britannia was noted for its woolen products, which included a kind