query: who was the british commander whose troops landed in simonstown on 7 august 1795

pos: Invasion of the Cape Colony which was reformed into the Batavian Republic. In response, Great Britain launched operations against the Dutch Empire to use its facilities against the French Navy. The British expedition was led by Vice-Admiral Sir George Keith Elphinstone and sailed in April 1795, arriving off Simon's Town at the cape in June. Attempts were made to negotiate a settlement with the colony, but talks achieved nothing and an amphibious landing was made on 7 August. A short battle was fought at Muizenberg, and skirmishing between British and Dutch forces continued until September when a larger military force landed. With Cape Town under

neg: Invasion of Ceylon (1795) arrival off the port on the eastern coast of Ceylon on 1 August however the commander of the defences refused to acknowledge the instruction, citing problems with the wording of the instructions. For two days attempts were made to convince the Batavian commander, the British position partially undermined by the destruction of "Diomede" in Trincomalee harbour after striking an uncharted rock. Although all of the crew and passengers were saved, large quantities of military stores sank with the frigate. On 3 August, with negotiations fruitless, Rainier and Stuart ordered the invasion to go ahead. The troops landed north of Trincomaleee

neg: HMS Cormorant (1794) entered service under Commander Joshua Morlock. Command passed in July 1794 to Commander Joseph Bingham, under whose command she sailed for Jamaica in February 1795. On 30 June 1795 she captured the French privateer "Resource Républicain" (or "Resource République"). Then on 27 November "Cormorant" captured the privateer "Petit Créole". Under Bingham, "Cormorant" also captured the 14-gun privateer "Alerte". In March 1796 Commander Peter Francis Collingwood became her captain, though he is given as her captain when she captured the "Vengeance" on 19 January. On 21 March 1796 "Cormorant" supported the landing of troops for an attack on Leogane. The British

neg: Transport vessels for the British invasion of the Dutch Cape Colony (1795) September. The troops they brought were from the 95th and 98th Regiments of Foot, and the 2nd Battalions of the 78th and 84th Regiments of Foot. A small contingent of eight guns and a howitzer provided the force with its artillery. After they had landed their troops, the East Indiamen continued on their voyages to India and China. Citations References Transport vessels for the British invasion of the Dutch Cape Colony (1795) In 1795 the British government decided to mount an Invasion of the Cape Colony. The Admiralty sent two battle squadrons to the Cape on 3 April 1795, one

neg: Invasion of Ceylon (1795) an assault and messages sent to the fort's commander demanding his surrender. After some negotiation followed by a brief resumption of the bombardment, the Batavian commander surrendered. The garrison of 679 troops were taken prisoner and more than 100 cannon seized by the British. British losses in the brief campaign amounted to 16 killed and 60 wounded. Following the fall of Trincomalee, nearby Fort Oostenberg was summoned to surrender on 27 August. Four days later the commander turned his position over to the British under the same terms offered to the garrison of Trincomalee. With resistance broken, Batavian trading posts

neg: Loyalists fighting in the American Revolution cannon fire. The Loyalists were routed. There were many Loyalists on Long Island and in New York City; the city was sometimes called "Torytown". In August, 1776, the British commander, William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, landed a huge force of British and Hessian troops on Long Island, and won a major victory that drove Washington's army from the island and the city of New York. Many Long Island Loyalists, wearing pieces of red cloth on their hats to show their sympathies, landed with Howe, and participated in the fighting. At the end of the revolution, Long Island was the major

neg: Battle of Harlem Heights Heights, with the East River to the American rear. On the night of August 29, General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, evacuated his entire army of 9,000 men and their equipment across the water to Manhattan. On September 15, Howe landed his army in an amphibious operation at Kip's Bay, on the eastern shore of Manhattan, along the East River. After a bombardment of the American positions on the shore, 4,000 British and Hessian troops landed, and they fought the Battle of Kip's Bay. The American troops began to flee at the sight of the enemy, and even

neg: Toussaint Louverture British troops who had landed on Saint-Domingue in September. On the other hand, he was able to pool his 4,000 men with Lavaux's troops in joint actions. By now his officers included men who were to remain important throughout the revolution: his brother Paul, his nephew Moïse, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christophe. Before long, Louverture had put an end to the Spanish threat to French Saint-Domingue. In any case, the Treaty of Basel of July 1795 marked a formal end to hostilities between the two countries. Even then, the black leaders Jean-François and Biassou continued to fight against Louverture until

neg: HMS Lark (1794) from Ostend and Nieuwpoort after the French captured the Netherlands. In 1795, the "Lark" was part of the squadron under Commodore Payne that escorted Princess Caroline of Brunswick to England. That same year she was part of the British naval force that supported the invasion of France by a force of French "émigrés". In January 1795 Commander William Ogilvy recommissioned her. On 21 March 1796, "Lark" joined the 32-gun frigate , Captain James Newman-Newman, in providing support to an unsuccessful attack by British troops from Port-au-Prince on the town and fort of Léogane on the island of Hispaniola. Commander James

neg: HMS Emerald (1795) and "Chichester", and the sloops and . The following morning, "Emerald" and the 18-gun sloop had joined them. By 11:00, the squadron was anchored in Choc Bay. The troops were landed by 17:00 and half an hour later the town of Castries was in British hands. In the island's main fortress, Morne-Fortunée, the French troops refused to surrender; the British stormed it at 04:00 on 22 June, and by 04:30 St Lucia was in British hands. Following this easy victory, the British sent a force to Tobago, which capitulated on 1 July. "Emerald" was between St Lucia and Martinique on

neg: Army of the West (1793) command of Lazare Hoche. On 21 July 1795 at Quiberon, Hoche smashed an attempted invasion of France by Royalists landed by the British fleet. In August 1795, the Army of the West numbered 27,000–28,000 men after being reinforced from the Army of the North. Grouchy was opposed by Charette with 8,000–12,000 foot and 900 horsemen. On 22 August, there was a conference at Nantes between two representatives, Hoche, du Bayet, Grouchy and Canclaux, who was still sick. It was decided that the three armies must act together against the insurgents. Canclaux was sent to Paris with the plan while Grouchy

neg: USS McKean (DD-90) of New York and Charleston. The ship was decommissioned at Philadelphia on 19 June 1922. Reclassified as a high speed transport, APD-5 on 2 August 1940, she recommissioned at Norfolk on 11 December 1940, Lieutenant Commander Thomas Burrows in command, and resumed duty with the fleet. Following the outbreak of war in the Pacific on 7 December 1941, "McKean" departed the east coast on 10 May 1942 and reached the South Pacific on 20 July to prepare for the invasion of the Solomons. She landed troops at Tulagi on 7 August and during the next several months made escort and

neg: James Rose Innes His mother was Mary Anne Fleischer, sister-in-law to Gordon Sprigg and granddaughter to Robert Hart of Glen Avon, the founder of Somerset East, who had landed at the Cape as a member of the British expeditionary force in 1795. Though always sanguine about maintaining imperial ties, Innes was proud of his deep roots at the Cape and considered himself as much a South African as its Dutch-speaking residents: "I should call myself an Afrikaner, were it not for the tendency to confine that term to those whose ancestors landed here before the British occupation, and to such newer arrivals as

neg: Allied invasion of Sicily better, with only 12 of the 147 gliders landing on target and 69 crashing into the sea, with over 200 men drowning. Among those who landed in the sea were Major General George F. Hopkinson, commander of the British 1st Airborne Division, who, after several hours spent clutching a piece of wreckage, was eventually picked up by . The scattered airborne troops attacked patrols and created confusion wherever possible. A platoon of the 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment, under Lieutenant Louis Withers, part of the British 1st Airlanding Brigade, landed on target, captured Ponte Grande and repulsed counterattacks. Men rallied

neg: Army of the West (1793) temporarily filled his place. The French government appointed Hoche as commander-in-chief of the Army of the West. On 2 October 1795, the Count of Artois landed with a Royalist force on the Île d'Yeu. Because Grouchy held the coast with good troops, the Count gave up and returned to England. On 26 December 1795, the French government combined the Army of the West and the Armies of the Coasts of Brest and Cherbourg into a single Army of the Coasts of the Ocean under Hoche. The new army had a nominal strength of 182,956 but really there were 100,000 men

neg: Invasion of Tulagi (May 1942) U.S. to retake the Philippines. U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz—Allied commander-in chief for Pacific forces—created the South Pacific theater—with U.S. Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley in command—to direct the Allied offensive in the Solomons. The failure of the Japanese to take Port Moresby and their defeat at Midway had the effect of leaving their base at Tulagi without effective protection from other Japanese bases. Tulagi was four hours flying time from Rabaul, the nearest large Japanese base. On 7 August 1942, 11,000 U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal and 3,000 U.S. Marines landed on Tulagi and nearby islands. The Japanese troops on

neg: Invasion of Cuba (1741) Transports carrying 4,000 troops under Major-General Thomas Wentworth On the night of 4–5 August, the British Redcoats and a thousand black troops from Jamaica landed in three different beaches of the Guantanamo Bay. Without opposition, they marched against the village of La Catalina. However, the invaders, 105 kilometres (65 mi) short of their objective, slowed down three days later because of the growing concerns of their commander, Major-General Thomas Wentworth. Santiago's Governor Francisco Caxigal de la Vega, garrison commander Carlos Riva Agüero, and local militia Captain Pedro Guerrero had only 350 regulars and 600 militia to hand and so retreated

neg: Sudan Defence Force British Troops in the Sudan consisted of one battalion stationed in Khartoum, reporting ultimately to the Governor-General. The Governor-General's military commander was the Major-General Commanding British Troops in the Sudan, who was also Commandant of the Sudan Defence Force. In this post from 1950 onward was Major General Reginald 'Cully' Scoons. The last British troops, 1st Battalion Royal Leicestershire Regiment, left the country on 16 August 1955. Ibrahim Abboud was Commander of the SDF in 1949 and Assistant Commander in Chief in 1954. He was appointed Commander in Chief of the Sudanese armed forces at independence. Aboud later served as

neg: Morean War fort surrendered on 7 July, after sustained bombardment and successive Venetian assaults. Its population of 4,000 was likewise transported to Tripoli. At the same time, a Venetian squadron and Dalmatian troops captured the fort of Arkadia (modern Kyparissia) further north. The Venetians then, in a lightning move, retired their field army from Messenia and landed it at Tolo between 30 July and 4 August, within striking distance of the capital of the Peloponnese, Nauplia. On the very first day, Königsmarck led his troops to capture the hill of Palamidi, then only poorly fortified, which overlooked the town. The commander of

neg: William Gabriel Davy and 28 December 1809, respectively. After becoming the battalion's commander in May 1808, he led the battalion early in the Peninsular War. The battalion departed from Cork on 12 July 1808. On 1 August, they arrived at Mondego Bay in Portugal, where the first British troops to participate in the Peninsular War landed; Davy's battalion was the first to land. The Battle of Roleia was especially difficult, as Davy's battalion was in the middle of the fighting. At one point, the troops ascended a mountain "so covered with brushwood that [their] legs were ready to sink under [them]." In December

neg: Chouannerie had refused to sign the treaty of the Mabilais. Hoche thought that Cormatin was trying to outsmart him: Cormatin was imprisoned (and would not be freed before 1802). Boishardy, who did not sign, was killed during the night of 17 to 18 June between Bréhand and Moncontour. Likewise, de Silz, who had taken up arms again, was attacked on 28 June at Grand-Champ by the troops of Adjutant-General Josnet. De Silz was killed in action and his men retreated. On 23 June 1795 a British fleet led by commodore John Borlase Warren landed soldiers of the émigré army in Carnac.

neg: Antoine Drude appointed Brigadier General and commanding troops from Algeria, landed in Morocco on 7 August. Drude was elevated to Major General in 1911 and in 1914 he became commander of the Division of Oran. Drude was knighted on 9 July, 1892 and became a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1914. Antoine Drude Antoine Drude (aka Antoine Marius Benoît Drude: 27 May 1853 in Condé – 7 January 1943 in Marseille) was a French general. He was the son of Magdeleine Honorine (née Clément) and Etienne Drude. Drude entered the French Military in 1872 and in 1892 commanded a

neg: HMS Dart (1796) were also virtually double-ended. "Dart" was commissioned in August 1796 under Commander Richard Raggett. On 8 May 1798 "Dart" participated in Admiral Home Popham's expedition to Ostend to destroy the sluice gates of the Bruge canal. The expedition landed 1,300 British Army soldiers under the command of Major General Coote. The troops burnt the ships in the harbour and blew up the locks and gates on the Canal, but were then forced to surrender as adverse winds prevented their re-embarkation. In May 1799 Commander Patrick Campbell replaced Raggett. Campbell was in command when "Dart" was among the vessels that participated

neg: Battle of Trincomalee August, after studying the defenses, Suffren landed 2400 men east of the main fortifications. Gun batteries were set up the next day, which then bombarded the fort for three days, until the wall was breached. Captain MacDowel, the British commander, was summoned to surrender on 30 August. After negotiations, the fort's garrison surrendered on condition that the French transport it to Madras and allow it to continue service in the war. French troops entered Trincomalee on 1 September. The next day, Hughes' fleet was spotted approaching the port. Following the battle off Negapatam, Hughes had spent two weeks at sea

neg: Henry Edward Fox the Netherlands theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars. He then served as Inspector-General of the recruiting service (1795–99), Colonel of the 10th (North Lincolnshire) Regiment (1795–1811), Lieutenant-governor of Minorca (1799–1801) following its capture from the French, commander in chief of all British Mediterranean forces outside Gibraltar (1801–03, replacing General Sir Ralph Abercromby fatally wounded at the battle of Alexandria) and finally Commander-in-Chief, Ireland (1803). In Ireland he was caught off-guard by Robert Emmet's Dublin uprising (23 July 1803) and was quickly replaced by Lieutenant-General Cathcart, whose appointment was gazetted on 20 October. Fox moved to be commander of the London

neg: Paul von Rennenkampf called "The Twenty-Day Battle of my Detachment at the Battle of Mukden" (), the book was then published in Berlin in 1909. In the beginning of the First World War, Rennenkampf was appointed commander of the troops of the 1st Army of the Northwestern Front under commander-in-chief General Yakov Zhilinsky, together with his rival Samsonov, who was the commander of the 2nd Army, which was invading East Prussia from the south. On 7 August August 1914, Rennenkampf and his troops entered East Prussia from the east. While on the retreat under the order of the defending 8th Army commander General

neg: Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany April and another at the Battle of Willems in May but was defeated at the Battle of Tourcoing later that month. The British army was evacuated through Bremen in April 1795. After his return to Britain, his father George III promoted him to the rank of field marshal on 18 February 1795. On 3 April 1795, George appointed him effective Commander-in-Chief in succession to Lord Amherst although the title was not confirmed until three years later. He was also colonel of the 60th Regiment of Foot from 19 August 1797. On appointment as Commander-in-Chief he immediately declared, reflecting on the

neg: Battle of Rangiriri Rangiriri and several subsequent battles opened the Waikato basin to the British forces and the government subsequently confiscated 1.3 million hectares of land for use by settlers. In 1995 the Crown apologised for its actions. Since early August 1863 Kingitanga forces had been fighting the British advance into Waikato territory from the so-called Meremere line, a 22 km-long line of fortifications that spread from Pukekawa to Meremere and Paparata. The defensive line commanded about 2000 square kilometres of bush and was manned by a force of up to 1500. On October 31 the British commander, Lieutenant-General Duncan Cameron, landed troops

neg: Merton Beckwith-Smith Territorial 18th Infantry Division, which he trained in preparation for duty overseas. In early 1942, after many weeks at sea, Beckwith-Smith's division was landed at Singapore. Japanese forces invaded Singapore Island on 8 February. Because of the defensive strategy implemented by the Allied commander, Lieutenant General Arthur Percival, most of the British 18th Division saw little or no action. Percival surrendered the 80,000 British and Commonwealth troops at Singapore on 15 February, including Beckwith-Smith and his division. In August 1942 he was moved to Formosa (now Taiwan) along with Percival and all the senior officers from Singapore. On 11 November

neg: HMS Weymouth (1795) HMS Weymouth (1795) HMS "Weymouth" was laid down as the East Indiaman "Earl of Mansfield". The British Royal Navy purchased her on the stocks to use as a 56-gun fourth rate. She was launched in 1795 but never commissioned in the Royal Navy. She was transferred in February 1796 to the Transportation Board as a transport. Lieutenant Robert Passmore took command in June 1796. Commander Charles Ryder succeeded Passmore in July 1798, and Commander Ambrose Crofton replaced Ryder in August 1799. Having sailed from Portsmouth, she wrecked on 21 January 1800 on the bar in the Tagus River as Crofton

neg: French Directory assistance of the British navy, a force of two thousand royalists was landed at Quiberon. The French army under General Hoche reacted swiftly, forcing the royalists to take refuge on the peninsula and then to withdraw. They surrendered on 21 July; 748 of the rebels were executed by firing squad. The new Constitution of the Year III was presented to the Convention and debated between 4 July – 17 August 1795, and was formally adopted on 22 August 1795. It was a long document, with 377 articles, compared with 124 in the first French Constitution of 1793. Even before it

neg: Invasion of Guadeloupe (1815) and aide-de-camp, arrived at Basse-Terre under a flag of truce with a proclamation detailing Bonaparte's abdication, and demanding that the French lay down their arms. They refused. However, on 7 August French newspapers from Barbados and Martinique arrived, with definitive news from Europe. At dawn the next day, 8 August, the British 1st and 2nd brigades landed at Anse Saint-Sauveur, on the south-eastern coast of Basse-Terre Island, driving the opposing French troops up into the hills. The following day the 3rd Brigade landed at Baillif, on the south-western coast, preventing the scattered French forces from regrouping. Later that day Linois

neg: HMS Weymouth (1795) was attempting to sail her into Lisbon harbour. Her crew was saved. Citations References HMS Weymouth (1795) HMS "Weymouth" was laid down as the East Indiaman "Earl of Mansfield". The British Royal Navy purchased her on the stocks to use as a 56-gun fourth rate. She was launched in 1795 but never commissioned in the Royal Navy. She was transferred in February 1796 to the Transportation Board as a transport. Lieutenant Robert Passmore took command in June 1796. Commander Charles Ryder succeeded Passmore in July 1798, and Commander Ambrose Crofton replaced Ryder in August 1799. Having sailed from Portsmouth, she

neg: Lewis William Walt battalion on Samoa. On August 7, 1942, as commander of Company A, 1st Raider Battalion, he landed his company in the assault on Tulagi Island in the British Solomon Islands. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal for conspicuous gallantry during this landing. Following this action, he joined the 5th Marines on Guadalcanal where he took part in combat as Commanding Officer of the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines. He was promoted to major in September 1942. In October 1942, as Battalion Commander, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division, Major Walt was wounded in action but continued in combat. On December 22,

neg: John Michel rank of major-general on 7 August 1857 and commanded the Malwa Field Force which pursued Tatya Tope in the aftermath of the Indian Mutiny. He was promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 26 October 1858. Michel became Commander of the 1st Division and fought at the Battle of Taku Forts in August 1860 during the Second Opium War. He took part in the burning of the Old Summer Palace at Peking in October 1860 as a reprisal for the torture and murder of British prisoners before being appointed Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong in

neg: 13 Vendémiaire broke out in the area around Dreux, but it was defeated in battle at Nonancourt. De Charette de la Contrie himself suffered a major defeat at Saint-Cyr on 25 September. Despite this, the Comte d'Artois landed at Île d'Yeu with 1,000 émigrés and 2,000 British troops. Bolstered by this force, the Royalist troops began marching on Paris in early October 1795. The arrival of the Comte d'Artois excited the "jeunesse dorée" royalist supporters in the Le Peletier section of the capital (named for the Rue Le Peletier in what is now the Second Arrondissement), and they began demonstrations in the

neg: Battle of Sari Bair of Chunuk Bair Stopford's IX Corps comprised the British 10th (Irish) and 11th Divisions. At the time of the landing on 6 August the British were confronted by three Ottoman battalions under the command of a Bavarian cavalry officer, Major Wilhelm Willmer whose task was to delay the British until reinforcements could arrive from Bulair, away. Stopford, who had decided to command the landings from HMS "Jonquil" that was anchored offshore, slept during the attack instead. The 11th Division landed on the night of 6 August and two brigades of the 10th Division landed the following morning. The landings, made

neg: First Battle of the Marne began between the German, French and Belgian armies on the German-French frontier and in southern Belgium on 4 August 1914. Liège was occupied by the Germans on 7 August. The first units of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) landed in France and French troops crossed the German frontier. The Battle of Mulhouse (Battle of Alsace ) was the first French offensive of World War I. The French captured Mulhouse, until forced out by a German counter-attack on 11 August, and fell back toward Belfort. On 12 August, the Battle of Haelen was fought by German and Belgian cavalry and infantry,

neg: HMS Glatton (1795) Duncan and the Duke of York. Some 250 craft of all sizes transported 17,000 troops from Margate Roads and the Downs across the Channel on 13 August. Due to bad weather it was 21 August before they anchored off Kijkduin. The next day Vice Admiral Mitchell sent a summons to Vice Admiral Samuel Story, calling on him to surrender his fleet. When he declined, the Duke of York landed his army near Den Helder on 27 August under covering fire from the fleet. Den Helder was occupied the following day when the garrison evacuated the town. The expedition then took

neg: HMS Phoebe (1795) Samuel Auchmuty was the military commander-in-chief, and Commodore William Robert Broughton of the 74-gun third rate was the naval commander-in-chief. Later, Rear-Admiral Robert Stopford took charge of the naval forces. On 31 August Stopford detached the frigates , "President", and "Phoebe", and the sloop to take Cheribon, a seaport about 35 leagues east of Batavia. They arrived at dark on 3 September and the fort surrendered the next morning without a shot being fired. On 11 September, all squadron re-embarked the seamen and marines that had landed, together with about 700 prisoners, including 237 Europeans. At 4 a.m. "Nisus" and

neg: HMS Beagle (1909) and escorted the cruiser as she provided naval gun support to the advancing British and Indian troops during the Battle of Gully Ravine. The British made another attempt to break the stalemate at Gallipoli on 6–7 August 1915, with the Landing at Suvla Bay, to the north of Anzac Cove. This time, instead of row-boats, armoured shallow-draught self-propelled landing craft known as "Beetles" were used, which were towed close to shore by destroyers. While the main landing took place on Nibrunesi beach to the south of Sulva Bay, "Beagle", together with "Bulldog" and landed troops of the 34th Brigade in

neg: French corvette Mignonne (1795) she had landed. Her crew of only 80 men was under Commander Jean-Pierre Bargeau, and she was two days out of Aux-Cayes, sailing to France via the Cape. "Mignonne" was among a number of British prizes that arrived at Jamaica between 2 and 16 July. The Royal Navy took her into service as the 18-gun ship sloop HMS "Mignonne", but never commissioned her. Her captain was Commander Edward Hawker. In June 1804 "Mignonne" ran ashore off Lucca, Jamaica. "Desiree" was towing her to Port Royal when on 9 July at 0100 hours a bolt of lightning struck "Mignonne", killing three

neg: SS Tyndareus pluck, recalling that of the "Birkenhead"". Despite rough seas, all the troops were successfully transferred to another Blue Funnel ship, SS "Eumaeus", and the hospital ship, HMHS "Oxfordshire", which had responded to "Tyndareus's" SOS signals. A British cruiser, HMS "Hyacinth", arrived from Simonstown accompanied by a tug to assist the stricken troopship. The captain of "Hyacinth" ordered that "Tyndareus" be beached, as it was a hazard to shipping, but Captain Flynn ignored the order and by skillful seamanship and damage control, was able to take the sinking ship safely into Simonstown, where she could be repaired. The Governor General of

neg: Hyder Ali had been considering an assault on Wandiwash, but abandoned that idea and marched to face Coote. They skirmished there on 2 June. In August the British landed a force on the Malabar coast, to which Hyder responded by sending additional troops under Tipu to the west. The onset of the monsoon season then suspended most military activity on the eastern plain, and Hyder established his camp near Chittoor. Hyder, who had suffered from a cancerous growth on his back, died in his camp on 6 December 1782. Some other accounts record it as 7 December 1782 and some historical accounts

neg: French Army in World War I France, and by August 23 had reached the French border town of Maubeuge, whose true significance lay within its forts. Maubeuge was a major railway junction and was consequently a protected city. It had 15 forts and gun batteries, totaling 435 guns, along with a permanent garrison of 35,000 troops, a number enhanced by the British Expeditionary Force. The BEF and the French Fifth Army retreated on August 23, and the town was besieged by German heavy artillery starting on August 25. The fortress was surrendered on September 7 by General Fournier, who was later court-martialed, but exonerated, for the

neg: Cape Mounted Riflemen White officers. The British retained the unit after taking over the colony in 1795, and renamed it the "Cape Regiment". When the Dutch resumed the administration in 1803, they changed the name to the "Corps van Vrye Hottentotten", i.e. "Corps of Free Hottentots" and again, in 1805, to the "Hottentot Ligte Infanterie", i.e. "Hottentot Light Infantry". After British rule was reinstated in 1806, the unit was called the "Cape Regiment" again. The regiment had its headquarters at Simonstown and formed a key component of the Cape's frontier defences, repeatedly distinguishing itself in the early frontier wars. In 1817, it was

neg: Charles Grant (Royal Navy officer) Cape of Good Hope with the rank of Commodore on 1 September 1821. Grant was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station in 1822. In that capacity he was appointed commander of a British naval force sent on an expedition to Burma in Spring 1824 to counter Burmese aggression against the East India Company. The force included HMS "Larne" and HMS "Sophie". On 11 May 1824 Larne proceeded up the Irrawaddy and having silenced a gun battery, landed the troops who occupied Rangoon before proceeding further up river and then falling ill with cholera and other diseases. Grant fell mortally

neg: Edwin Harris Dunning Edwin Harris Dunning Squadron Commander Edwin Harris Dunning, DSC (17 July 1892 – 7 August 1917), of the British Royal Naval Air Service, was the first pilot to land an aircraft on a moving ship. Dunning was born in South Africa on 17 July 1892 the second child of Sir Edwin Harris Dunning of Jacques Hall, Bradfield, Essex, he was educated at Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth. Dunning landed his Sopwith Pup on in Scapa Flow, Orkney on 2 August 1917. He was killed five days later, during his third landing attempt of the day, when an updraft

neg: Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War from the Culper Ring that the British planned to attack a French expedition that had just landed in Newport, Rhode Island, Washington planted information with known British agents indicating that he intended to move against New York City. The British commander held back the troops headed for Rhode Island. With elaborate deception, Washington masked his movement toward Chesapeake Bay and Yorktown by convincing the British that he was moving on New York. At Yorktown, James Armistead, a slave who had joined Lafayette's service with his master's permission, crossed into Cornwallis' lines in the guise of an escaped slave, and was

neg: Philadelphia campaign continuing south. Uncertain of Howe's goal, which could be Charleston, South Carolina, he considered moving north to assist in the defense of the Hudson, when he learned that the fleet had entered Chesapeake Bay. In August, he began moving his troops south to prepare the city's defenses. General John Sullivan, who commanded the Continental Army's troops facing Staten Island, had, in order to capitalize on perceived weaknesses of the British position there following Howe's departure, attempted a raid on August 22, that failed with the Battle of Staten Island. General Howe landed 15,000 troops in late August at the northern

neg: Victoria Gardens, Portland reads: "The major part of the American Assault Force which landed on the shores of Franch on 'D' Day, 6 June 1944, was launched from Portland Harbor. From 6 June 1944 to 7 May 1945, 418,585 troops and 144,093 vehicles were embarked from this harbor. This plaque marks the route which the vehicles and troops took on their way to the points of embarkation. Presented by the 14th major port, U.S. Army." It is signed Harold G. Miller, Major, T.C., Sub Port Commander, and Sherman L Kibor, Colonel, T.C., Port Commander. Victoria Gardens, Portland Victoria Gardens is a public garden,

neg: Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples with France's enemies Britain and Russia, which landed troops in Naples with his permission to guard against a possible French invasion and plan an attack on the Napoleonic states in central and northern Italy. The British commander was general James Henry Craig, who had ill health at the time and had 7,000 troops, while the Russian forces were led by Maurice Lacy and Roman Anrep. The combined army was too weak and poorly equipped to withstand any serious French attack. When the combined Austro–Russian Army was dealt a severe blow by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December

neg: Seymour Expedition Guards be sent to protect them and more than 400 marines and naval troops from eight countries arrived in Beijing on May 31. However, as the threat from the Boxers increased, it became apparent that additional troops were needed. On June 9 Sir Claude Maxwell MacDonald, the British Minister, cabled Vice-Admiral Edward Hobart Seymour, commander of the British Navy's China Station, that the situation in Beijing was becoming more serious and that troops should be landed with all arrangements made for an advance to Peking [Beijing] at once. Responding to MacDonald's message, Seymour assembled in 24 hours a force of

neg: Cyril Clowes The Japanese troops and the supporting tanks inflicted severe casualties on the 2/10th, which was forced to retreat to north of No. 3 Strip (under construction), on 27 August. The 25th Battalion held the Japanese back and a two-day lull followed. On 29 August 768 Japanese marine reinforcements were landed with Commander Minoru Yano, who took over from Hayashi. On 31 August at 3:00am, three banzai charges were repelled at No. 3 Strip with withering machine gun and mortar fire from Milne Force. The Australians launched a counter offensive at 9:00am on 31 August, and pushed the Japanese along the

neg: HMS Pearl (1762) 25 July. "Pearl" was present in August during an engagement with a French fleet under Comte d'Estaing. On 29 July, d'Estaing entered Narragansett Bay and attacked British positions on Conanicut and Goat Island the following day. On 8 August, 4,000 French soldiers and sailors were landed to reinforce the 10,000 American troops who had just crossed from the mainland to lay siege to the British garrison on Rhode Island. Howe's fleet arrived off Point Judith on 9 August. D'Estaing had superior numbers and guns, so sailed out the next morning, fearing that the British might soon be reinforced. A violent

neg: Battle of Long Island on August 22, an advance guard of 4,000 British troops left Staten Island under the command of Clinton and Cornwallis to land on Long Island. At 08:00, all 4,000 troops landed unopposed on the shore of Gravesend Bay. Colonel Edward Hand's Pennsylvanian riflemen had been stationed on the shore, but they did not oppose the landings and fell back, killing cattle and burning farmhouses on the way. By noon, 15,000 troops had landed on shore along with 40 pieces of artillery, as hundreds of Loyalists came to greet the British troops. Cornwallis pushed on with the advance guard, advancing six

neg: HMS Abergavenny (1795) "Hindostan". The British Government had chartered "Hindostan" to take Lord Macartney to China in an unsuccessful attempt to open diplomatic and commercial relations with the Chinese empire. For her return "Earl of Abergavenny" crossed the Second Bar on 1 February 1794 and reached St Helena on 18 June. She then arrived at the Downs on 7 September. "Abergavenny" was commissioned in April 1795 under Captain Edward Tyrell Smith. In June 1795 she was sent to Cork to transport troops for the Santo Domingo part of Admiral Christian’s expedition. Smith then sailed her to Jamaica on 24 February 1796. She operated

neg: HMS Astraea (1781) 1795, Captain Richard Lane took command. "Astraea" was present at the Second Battle of Groix, which took place on 23 June 1795, off the west coast of France, but did not take part in the actual, inconclusive battle. On 10 March 1796, she set sail for Jamaica. On 27 April 1796, "Astraea" brought troops to the naval squadron attacking Sainte-Lucie. The Navy contributed a force of 800 seamen under the command of Lane and Captain Ryves of . The British captured the island on 26 May 1796. "Astraea" was in a poor state so Rear Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the

neg: 12th Indian Infantry Brigade of its units, 2nd Bn, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, was considered to be the best jungle fighters at the time and the Argylls' commander, Lt.Col. Ian Stewart, one of the better leaders during the campaign. The brigade were among the first troops to face the Japanese when they landed on 7 December 1941 (See Japanese Invasion of Malaya). While the rest of the British and Indian forces were thrown in disarray by the rapid encircling and flanking attacks of the Japanese, the 12th Brigade under Brigadier Archie Paris, was able to inflict casualties and slow down the Japanese forces during

neg: HMS Emerald (1795) properly, until on 5 May they arrived close to the forts Leyden and Frederici. The British landed a detachment of troops under Hughes some distance away, which marching under the cover of the forests and swamps, launched an attack that resulted in the swift capture of the two forts. By this time, most of the squadron had managed to work its way up the river as far as Frederici, Maitland was advancing along the Commewine River, and with troops poised to attack the fort of New Amsterdam, the Batavian commandant, Lieutenant-Colonel Batenburg, duly surrendered. "Emerald" captured the vessel "Augusta", which

neg: Eight-Nation Alliance years prior, refused to deploy large number of troops unless requested by the western powers. However three days later, a provisional force of 1,300 troops commanded by Major General Fukushima Yasumasa, was to be deployed to northern China. Fukushima was chosen because his ability to speak fluent English which enabled him to communicate with the British commander, the force landed near Tianjin on July 5. On June 17, naval "Rikusentai" from the "Kasagi" and "Atago" had joined British, Russian, and German sailors to seize the Dagu forts near Tianjin. The British, in light of the precarious situation were compelled to

neg: Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin of Admiral Truguet and took part in operations against Oneglia, Cagliari, and Nice. In August 1793 Hamelin was named midshipman of the frigate "Proserpine", with which he took over the Dutch frigate "Vigilante" and part of the convoy she was escorting. He was promoted to lieutenant in August 1795, and on "Minerve", took part in the Action of 7 March 1795, in which HMS "Berwick" was captured. He took part in the Action of 7 October 1795, in which Rear-Admiral de Richery's squadron met with a British convoy bound for Smyrna, taking 30 out of 31 merchant ships, and retaking

neg: James Hill (British Army officer) seize a hill known as the Schneppenberg, secure a road junction near Bergen and eventually link up with the 5th Parachute Brigade. The 3rd Parachute Brigade dropped nine minutes later than planned, but otherwise landed accurately on drop zone 'A'. Hill landed near to the Diersfordterwald forest, which was occupied by German soldiers "who are switched-on people," killing a number of paratroopers whose parachutes became tangled up in the trees. His brigade headquarters was positioned by a copse which was supposed to have been immediately cleared, but when he arrived it was still occupied by German troops; Hill immediately ordered

neg: François Renier Duminy life were characterised by financial worries and declining health. The main reason for this decline in fortune was the end of the VOC’s administration (followed by its bankruptcy) and the occupation of the Cape in 1795 by Britain, following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. The British occupation put an end to the profitable liaison with Company officials which Duminy and others had enjoyed. Although his fortunes improved during the Batavian administration (1803-6), when he was appointed Harbour Master of Simonstown, he was dismissed after the second British administration. After their marriage in 1777, the family lived in a

neg: No. 7 Squadron IAF support to the troops, repeatedly hitting Pakistani targets. In one of the first missions against Pakistani tanks in Ganganagar, a Hunter was lost to ground fire. Its pilot was the charismatic Officer Commanding (O.C.) of the squadron, Wing Commander (and later, Air Vice Marshal) Bernard Anthony Coelho. Wing Commander Coelho ejected over No Man's Land and was taken prisoner by Pakistani ground forces before he could be located by Indian troops. Interdiction sorties were also flown against targets in the Suleimanke Headworks area. One of these missions on 9 December, flown by Flying Officer Diskhit, landed with the fuel gauges

neg: Fort Malden a strategic military defence post. In his book "Fort Malden and the Old Fort Days," Rev. Thomas Nattress asserts that, prior to the land grant, the area was used by the Natives as a strategic military defence post. The British forces based at Fort Detroit had to be evacuated following the 1795 Jay Treaty and were assigned to Fort Malden. In January 1797 Captain Mayne, received word from Robert Prescott, commander-in-chief of the British troops in Canada, that the military post was to officially be known as Fort Amherstburg; named in commemoration of General Lord Amherst, a British Commander during

neg: UBS Mayu hostilities she was at Simonstown, and was transferred to the Far East, stationed at Rangoon. She was handed over by the British Government to the Burma Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on 25 May 1947 on loan to Burma. General Aung San accepted the transfer of the ship on behalf of the Government of Burma. During his acceptance speech, he renamed her to HMBS "Mayu", after Mayu River in Arakan state to honour officers and men of Burma Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, who fought against Imperial Japanese forces at the river during the Second World War. Lieutenant Commander Khin Maung Bo

neg: William Pitt the Younger by yellow fever, the much dreaded "black vomit", made conquering St. Domingue impossible, but an undeterred Pitt launched what he called the "great push" in 1795, sending out the largest British expedition yet mounted to conquer St. Domingue. In November 1795, the "great push" began with 218 ships leaving Portsmouth for St. Domingue. After the failure of the Quiberon expedition earlier in 1795 when the British landed a force of French royalists on the coast of France who were annihilated by the forces of the republic, Pitt had decided it was crucial for Britain to have St. Domingue, no matter

neg: Duvalle Duvalle Duvalle (fl. 1795) was a Black Carib chief who commanded troops on the leeward side of Saint Vincent after the death of his brother Joseph Chatoyer in the anti-British rebellion of 1795-1796. He succeeded Chief Joseph Chatoyer as leader of the Black Caribs/Garifunas of St. Vincent resisting British takeover of the island after Chatoyer was killed on March 14, 1795. While some Caribs fought alongside the British, Duvalle made an alliance with the French. His camp was taken by British forces and Duvalle capitulated in October 1796 when the rebellion was crushed and his people deported to Baliceaux. In

neg: HMS Madras (1795) John Dilkes commissioned "Madras" in August 1795. Her first major service occurred in 1795 when she joined Admiral Hugh Cloberry Christian's expedition to the West Indies, with troops under Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby. She sailed on 25 February 1796 to invade St Lucia. The attack on St Lucia finally took place on 28 April. St Lucia surrendered to the British on 25 May. The British went on to capture Saint Vincent and Grenada. "Madras" returned to Chatham in 1798 for refitting between September and December. In June 1799 she sailed for the Cape of Good Hope and Canton, where she

neg: Togoland Campaign French Dahomey and Togoland on The French were engaged by German troops in the districts of Sansane-Mangu and Skode-Balfilo. The French company retreated, after facing greater resistance than expected. After the capture of Lomé on the coast, Bryant was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, made commander of all Allied forces in the operation and landed at Lomé on 12 August, with the main British force of police and volunteers. As preparations began to advance northwards to Kamina, Bryant heard that a German party had travelled south by train the day before. The party had destroyed a small wireless transmitter and railway bridge

neg: Leopold Philip de Heister Leopold Philip de Heister Leopold Philip de Heister (1716 - 19 November 1777 Hesse-Cassel) was a Hessian general who fought for the British during the American Revolution. He was a crippled veteran of many campaigns when he was selected to command the Hessian troops that were hired by the British government for service against the American colonies. He landed on Long Island near New Utrecht with two full Hessian brigades on 25 August 1776, three days after the arrival of Gen. William Howe with the British troops. The tedious passage of thirteen weeks from Spithead had tried him sorely: “his

neg: HMS Beagle (1909) Sulva Bay itself. Each destroyer carried 500 troops aboard, while towing a "Beetle" carrying a further 500 troops. The "Beetles" would land their troops and then return to pick up the remaining troops on the destroyers and land them. While the landings on Nibrunesi beach went well, those in Sulva Bay were less successful, landing to the south of the planned place, with the result that the "Beetles" ran aground off shore, with the remaining troops aboard the destroyers having to be landed by reserve row boats. "Beagle"s troops were not all landed until nearly 5:00 AM on 7 August,

neg: Prince Gallitzin State Park into the Roman Catholic Church. He then served as an aide-de-camp to the commander of the Austrian troops in Brabant; but, following the assassination of the king of Sweden, he, like all other foreigners, was dismissed from the service. Gallitzin left Europe for the United States in 1792 where he landed in Baltimore. It was soon after his arrival that he decided to enter the priesthood. He was ordained in March 1795 and was one of the first Roman Catholic priests ordained in America. After several years serving as a missionary in southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, Father Gallitzin founded the

neg: Battle of Margarana Battle of Margarana The Battle of Margarana () was a battle fought between the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) and the recently created, rebelling Ciung Wanara Battalion that occurred in Marga, in Bali Indonesia. As World War II ended, the British Army landed in Bali, disarmed occupying Japanese troops, and returned to Batavia. Some Dutch KNIL battalions under Gajah Merah, however, stayed in the city. When Gajah Merah's Infantry landed, Ciung Wanara commander I Gusti Ngurah Rai went to Malang to discuss Bali's condition with the head of the Republic Indonesian Army (Indonesian: "Tentara Republik Indonesia"), who placed one ALRI

neg: Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic incumbent. Commanders-in-Chief have included: Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic The Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic was an operational commander of the Royal Navy from 1939. Immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, the designation of Commander-in-Chief, Africa was changed to Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic, '..and the Admiral transferred his flag from Simonstown to Freetown, Sierra Leone, and assumed general naval control over British movements in the whole of the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time the South Atlantic Division of the America and West Indies Squadron, comprising the cruisers Exeter and Ajax, was transferred to the new South Atlantic Station.' It was

neg: Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic The Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic was an operational commander of the Royal Navy from 1939. Immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, the designation of Commander-in-Chief, Africa was changed to Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic, '..and the Admiral transferred his flag from Simonstown to Freetown, Sierra Leone, and assumed general naval control over British movements in the whole of the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time the South Atlantic Division of the America and West Indies Squadron, comprising the cruisers Exeter and Ajax, was transferred to the new South Atlantic Station.' It was sometimes referred to as

neg: Suez Crisis south of Alexandria and north of Cairo. Musketeer would require thousands of troops, leading the British to seek out France as an ally. To destroy the 300,000-strong Egyptian Army in his planned battle of annihilation, Stockwell estimated that he needed 80,000 troops, while at most the British Army could spare was 50,000 troops; the French could supply the necessary 30,000 troops to make up the shortfall. On 11 August 1956, General Keightley was appointed commander of Musketeer with the French Admiral Barjot as his deputy commander. The appointment of Stockwell as the Allied Task Force commander charged with leading the

neg: Commander British Forces in Hong Kong British Forces in Hong Kong (CBF) on all military actions. During the 1980s and 1990s, the CBF was normally a career Major General or Lieutenant General from the British Army. Until 1966, the CBF was an ex officio member of the Legislative Council. Commanders have included: <br> Commander British Forces in Hong Kong Commander British Troops in China and Hong Kong Commander British Troops in China, Hong Kong, and the Straits Settlements Commander British Troops in China and Hong Kong Commander British Troops in South China Commander British Troops in North China Commander British Forces in China Commander British Troops

neg: USS President Jackson (APA-18) Commander. C. W. Weitzel in command. Following shakedown and practice amphibious assault training on the U.S. West Coast, "President Jackson" sailed for the South Pacific 1 July 1942, as a unit of Transport Division 2. She landed the 1st Battalion, 2nd Marines, on Florida Island, Solomon Islands, 7 August 1942. At mid-month she evacuated 500 survivors of the "First Battle of Savo Island" to Noumea, then began bringing in reinforcements and evacuating casualties of land and sea actions. Redesignated "APA–18" on 1 February 1943, "President Jackson" continued to transport reinforcement troops and cargo in support of the consolidation of the

neg: Mads Johansen Lange was rejected, the Dutch landed on the island on 28June and attacked the city. It was conquered and burned. The next day the Dutch troops marched for the residency of Singaraja, where this city was taken without much resistance ase most Balinese were moving inland to the fort of Djagaraga. During the attack, the Dutch received support from their fleet, whose commander would not allow the troops to move too far inland. Lange offered to go to the Rajas of Buleleng and Karangasem for negotiations. These were successful and on 9July the peace accords came into effect. The Rajas would

neg: Battle of Najafgarh led the advance, skirting the edge of the Najafgarh "jhil" (swamp). Bakht Khan's attack had been launched at least ten days too late. On 14 August, the British had been reinforced by the "Punjab Moveable Column", numbering 4,200 and consisting of British, Sikh and Punjabi units. Its commander was Brigadier John Nicholson, who was well known as a forceful and uncompromising soldier, in contrast to the nervous and infirm commander of the troops on Delhi Ridge, Major General Archdale Wilson. On 24 August, Bakht Khan's force was seen departing Delhi and moving west. Nicholson was detached to intercept them. He

neg: Fort Bowyer officers and men of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, and Jackson proclaimed "ten thousand men cannot take it". Still, British General John Lambert decided to attack Mobile again. The British troops came from the 4th, 21st, and 44th Regiments of Foot, who had fought at New Orleans. The commander of the naval forces was Captain T.R. Ricketts of the 74-gun third-rate, . Captain Spencer of the "Carron" was among the sailors landed near Mobile, and was second in command of the naval party. The bomb vessels and were present during the siege of Fort Bowyer in February 1815. When the British

neg: Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse had taken heavy losses during the Koli Point action and subsequent retreat—joined Oka's forces around Mount Austen. On 5, 7, and 8 November, Tokyo Express missions landed most of the 38th Division's 228th Infantry Regiment and the 1st Battalion, 229th Infantry Regiment on Guadalcanal. On 10 November, Japanese destroyers landed Lieutenant General Tadayoshi Sano—commander of the 38th Infantry Division—plus his staff and 600 more troops from the 38th. Hyakutake used the newly arrived troops to help stop an American attack west of the Matanikau from 8–11 November, then sent the 228th and 229th Regiment's units on 11 November to reinforce

neg: Amédée Willot in January 1795. He regained his rank as general of brigade on 13 April. He became the acting commander of the 1st Division of the "Army of the Western Pyrenees" in place of Jean-Antoine Marbot. On 6 July 1795 he was promoted general of division. On 13 July, the army commander Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey sent Willot and 3,500 troops from Salvatierra toward Vitoria while another 4,500-man column under Bernard Dessein reached Vitoria from the north. The Spanish troops managed to slip out of the trap but they were forced to abandon their supplies. Dessein and Willot then joined forces

neg: SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm ships alternated trips to Constantinople. On 25 April, the two battleships bombarded the British landings on the first day of the Gallipoli Campaign. After firing fourteen shells, the fifteenth detonated in the right gun barrel in the center turret, destroying the gun. After a shell exploded inside one of "Turgut Reis"s guns in early June, both battleships were withdrawn. On 7 August, the British landed more troops at Suvla Bay, prompting the high command to send "Barbaros Hayreddin" to support the Ottoman defenses there. In addition, she was loaded with a large quantity of ammunition to resupply the Fifth Army

neg: Thomas Cooke (British Army officer) he was general officer in command of a camp which hosted many of the colonial troops visiting the United Kingdom for the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, for which he was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) two days after the ceremony, on 11 August 1902. From 1906 to 1908 he was colonel of the 5th Royal Irish Lancers. He was buried at Kensal Cemetery in a ceremony attended by many of his former comrades. Thomas Cooke (British Army officer) General Thomas Arthur Cooke, CVO (1841–1912) was a British General whose career spanned the

neg: Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine with the government and the Minister of Marine concerning the embarkation of the troops and departure of the fleet. His questions were waived, or left unanswered. They had more important plans for him. The fate of Chef-commander Kilmaine's forces that 'independently' sailed to Ireland was sealed from the onset. The first attempt, from Brest on 22 August, initially got off to a good start. Approximately 1,000 French soldiers under General Humbert landed in the north-west of the country, at Kilcummin in County Mayo. They joined up to 5,000 local rebels and drove the British from Castlebar, setting up a short-lived

neg: USS Louisville (CA-28) coast. After fleet problems off Hawaii that autumn, "Louisville" departed Long Beach, California for an extended cruise through the Panama Canal to eastern South America. At Bahia, Brazil, she received orders to proceed to Simonstown, South Africa. As a neutral ship, "Louisville" traveled the U-boat-infested waters with her American flag spotlighted. At Simonstown, she received $148 million in British gold for deposit in the United States. She then sailed for New York City, delivered her precious cargo and returned to the Pacific. On 7 December 1941, "Louisville", escorting and , was "en route" from Tarakan, East Borneo, to Pearl Harbor.

neg: Pierre Margaron Arthur Wellesley landed in Mondego Bay with 13,536 British troops. These were joined by 2,300 Portuguese soldiers. The expedition was soon reinforced by an additional 4,000 British troops. Wellesley beat 4,765 French troops under Henri François Delaborde on 17 August in the Battle of Roliça. This was followed by the Battle of Vimeiro on 21 August where Wellesley lost 719 casualties out of a strength of 18,669 men. The defeated Junot suffered 1,800 casualties out of a total 16,622 men and lost 12 guns out of 23. Another source estimated Junot's total force at 10,300 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 700

neg: Euan Rabagliati landed. Wilson considered landing to capture the aircraft, but observed what he assumed was a German column of troops approaching. Only after landing did he learn that they were British. Wilson and Rabagliati were credited with the first German aircraft shot down by the RFC, and on 8 October Rabagliati received a mention in despatches from Field-Marshal John French, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in France. Rabagliati received his second mention in despatches on 5 April 1915, for "gallant and distinguished service in the field", and was appointed a flight commander with the acting rank of captain on 19 April.

neg: John Manners, Marquess of Granby Granby himself. Accredited as the greatest colonel since the Earl of Oxford, Granby was both courageous and competent as a soldier. He was then appointed overall commander of the expedition, replacing Sackville on 21 August 1759. He became Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance on 15 September 1759. He was one of the first who understood the importance of welfare and morale for the troops. The character of British soldiering improved, and properly led the army was unbeatable in war. Nearly all the portraits show him mounting a horse or helping the wounded. On 7 June 1760 he wrote to Viscount Barrington,

neg: Slingsby Hengist service in 1946. Slingsby Hengist The Slingsby Hengist was a British military glider designed and built by Slingsby Sailplanes Ltd. Like other British troop carrying gliders in the Second World War, it was named after military figures whose name began with H, in this case the Jute invader Hengist. The use of assault gliders by the British was prompted by the use by Germany of the DFS 230 transport glider, which was first used in May 1940 to land assault troops on the Eben Emael fort in Belgium. Their advantage compared to parachute assault was that the troops landed in

neg: Slingsby Hengist Slingsby Hengist The Slingsby Hengist was a British military glider designed and built by Slingsby Sailplanes Ltd. Like other British troop carrying gliders in the Second World War, it was named after military figures whose name began with H, in this case the Jute invader Hengist. The use of assault gliders by the British was prompted by the use by Germany of the DFS 230 transport glider, which was first used in May 1940 to land assault troops on the Eben Emael fort in Belgium. Their advantage compared to parachute assault was that the troops landed in one place, rather

neg: Battle of Suomenlinna being unable to reach the attacker. Once the guns had become silenced the ships remained in the same offshore position leading to growing fears of a landing. However British and French forces landed troops neither at Viapori nor Helsinki, and eventually withdrew. Battle of Suomenlinna The Battle of Suomenlinna (also known as the Battle of Viapori or the Bombardment of Sweaborg) was fought on 7–8 August 1855 between Russian defenders and a joint British/French fleet. It was a part of the Crimean War. Constructed during the Swedish rule of Finland in the 18th century, the fortress of Viapori (, renamed

neg: Ferrol Expedition cannon by the British ships of the line HMS "Impetueux" with 74 guns, HMS "London" with 96 guns, HMS "Courageux", HMS "Renown" and HMS "Captain", each with 74 guns, under the superintendence of Sir Edward Pellew, the British effected a landing at a small opening near Cape Prior. The army commander was Lieutenant-general Sir James Pulteney. The force landed consisted of seven British regiments, one of two battalions, and the rifle-corps totaling 8,000 troops and 16 field pieces. The Spanish defenders of Ferrol were: Don Francisco Melgarejo (a Naval Engineer), commander of the naval department; Juan Moreno, commander of the

neg: John Rutledge Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell landed in Georgia with 3,000 men and quickly took control of the entire state. The new state constitution was revised, and in 1779, Rutledge was elected governor. While the first governor independent from Great Britain, Rutledge is considered by historians and the Government of South Carolina to be the 31st Governor, counting from the Colonial Governors. "See: List of Governors of South Carolina." Rutledge sent troops under General Benjamin Lincoln into Georgia to harass the British. The new British commander in the south, General Jacques Prevost, responded by marching on Charleston with 2,500 troops. When Rutledge heard

neg: Peter King (British Army officer) he was allocated to No. 4 Commando, on the request of its commander, 15th Lord Lovat who had heard of his French adventures. King was a highly successful recruit to the Commandos, becoming Troop Sergeant Major of C Troop before the D Day landings. No. 4 Commando landed at La Brèche, near Ouistreham early on D Day, and they were detailed to fight through and link up with the airborne troops who had captured vital canal bridges (Operation "Pegasus"). King was prominent in the fighting in Normandy and during further distinguished actions in Flushing on Walcheren Island, during the Battle

neg: Hermann Franz assumed command of the forming 18th Mountain Police Regiment and remained in command until August 1943. From November 1943 to February 1945 he was Commander of the Order Police in Athens. In September 1944, for two months, he was promoted to the Higher SS and Police Leader Greece. Franz was promoted September 1944 to SS-"Brigadeführer" and Major General of the Police. As Commander of the Order Police, ("Ordnungspolizei"; Orpo), he was transferred to Oslo, Norway on 7 February 1945 and remained there until the end of the war on 8 May. In Norway, he was captured by British troops. From

neg: French Togoland French Togoland French Togoland (French: " Togo français") was a French colonial League of Nations mandate from 1916 to 1960 in French West Africa. In 1960 it became the independent Togolese Republic, and the present day nation of Togo. French troops landed at Little Popo on August 6, 1914, meeting little resistance. The French proceeded inland, taking the town of Togo on August 8. On August 26, 1914, the German protectorate of Togoland was invaded by French and British forces and fell after five days of brief resistance. The colony surrendered "without conditions" with British and French troops landing in