query: who built the first mughal garden in india

pos: Mughal gardens of Mughal gardens has been carried out under the auspicious guidance of Dumbarton Oaks (including "Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects" edited by James L. Wescoat, Jr. and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn) and the Smithsonian Institution. Some examples of Mughal gardens are Shalimar Gardens (Lahore), Lalbagh Fort at Dhaka, and Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar). From the beginnings of the Mughal Empire, the construction of gardens was a beloved imperial pastime. Babur, the first Mughal conqueror-king, had gardens built in Lahore and Dholpur. Humayun, his son, does not seem to have had much time for building—he was busy reclaiming and increasing the realm—but

pos: Charbagh India, the Char Bagh concept in imperial mausoleums is seen in Humayun's Tomb in Delhi in a monumental scale. Humayan's father was the Central Asian Conqueror Babur who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. The tradition of paradise garden originated among the Mughals, originally from Central Asia, which is found at Babur's tomb, Bagh-e Babur, in Kabul. This tradition gave birth to the Mughal gardens design and displayed its high form in the Taj Mahal — built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, the great, great, grandson of

pos: Mughal gardens Mughal gardens Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the Persian style of architecture. This style was heavily influenced by the Persian gardens particularly the Charbagh structure. Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures. Some of the typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens. The founder of the Mughal empire, Babur, described his favourite type of garden as a charbagh. They use the term bāgh, baug, bageecha or bagicha for garden. This word developed a new meaning in India, as Babur explains; India lacked the fast-flowing streams required

pos: Aram Bagh, Agra him to enter Agra after he took the Fort of Kangra. The preserved, surviving architecture dates to his reign and demonstrates the skill of his wife Nur Jahan as a garden designer. Aram Bagh, Agra The Aram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in India, originally built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528, located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in Kabul. The garden is a Persian garden, where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through

pos: Aram Bagh, Agra Aram Bagh, Agra The Aram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in India, originally built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528, located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. Babur was temporarily buried there before being interred in Kabul. The garden is a Persian garden, where pathways and canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an abundant garden through which rivers flow. The Aram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of cascades. Two viewing pavilions face the

pos: Taj Mahal promised to Muhammad. Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees labeled according to common and scientific names and fountains. The charbagh garden, a design inspired by Persian gardens, was introduced to India by Babur, the first Mughal emperor. It symbolises the four flowing rivers of Jannah (Paradise) and reflects the Paradise garden derived from the Persian "paridaeza", meaning 'walled garden'. In mystic Islamic texts of the Mughal period, Paradise is described as an ideal garden of abundance with four rivers flowing from a central spring or mountain, separating the garden into north, west, south and east. Most

pos: Baradari of Kamran Mirza Baradari of Kamran Mirza Baradari of Kamran Mirza (; "Kāmrān kī bārɘdɘrī") is a summer pavilion in Lahore, Pakistan. It was built in 1540 by Kamran Mirza, a son of first Mughal emperor Babur, and a brother of the second Mughal emperor Humayun. The building is believed to be the oldest existing Mughal structure in Lahore, and is the only garden in Lahore's Shahdara Bagh area that was not converted into a funerary monument. After Babur's death in 1530, Kamran Mirza seized Lahore and laid a garden in which the baradari was built in 1540. At the time of construction,

pos: Baradari of Kamran Mirza was originally two levels with 12 columns of vaulted balconies. Baradari of Kamran Mirza Baradari of Kamran Mirza (; "Kāmrān kī bārɘdɘrī") is a summer pavilion in Lahore, Pakistan. It was built in 1540 by Kamran Mirza, a son of first Mughal emperor Babur, and a brother of the second Mughal emperor Humayun. The building is believed to be the oldest existing Mughal structure in Lahore, and is the only garden in Lahore's Shahdara Bagh area that was not converted into a funerary monument. After Babur's death in 1530, Kamran Mirza seized Lahore and laid a garden in which the

pos: Fatehpur Sikri a height of 150 feet towered over the city and is now one of the most recognizable Mughal monuments in the country. The place was much loved by Babur, who called it "Shukri" ("Thanks"), after its large lake that was used by Mughal armies. Annette Beveridge in her translation of "Baburnama" noted that Babur points "Sikri" to read "Shukri". Per his memoirs, Babur constructed a garden here called the "Garden of Victory" after defeating Rana Sangha at its outskirts. Gulbadan Begum's "Humayun-Nama" describes that in the garden he built an octagonal pavilion which he used for relaxation and writing. In

pos: Humayun's Tomb houses the graves of Empress Bega Begum , Hamida Begum, and also Dara Shikoh, great-great-grandson of Humayun and son of the later Emperor Shah Jahan, as well as numerous other subsequent Mughals, including Emperor Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi Ul-Darjat, Rafi Ud-Daulat, Muhammad Kam Bakhsh and Alamgir II. It represented a leap in Mughal architecture, and together with its accomplished Charbagh garden, typical of Persian gardens, but never seen before in India, it set a precedent for subsequent Mughal architecture. It is seen as a clear departure from the fairly modest mausoleum of his father, the first Mughal Emperor, Babur, called

pos: Stepwell away from noisy sites and future tourist attractions. While stepwells are dark and barely visible from the surface, stepped ponds are illuminated by the light from the sun. Also, stepwells are quite linear in design compared to the rectangular shape of stepped ponds. Stepwells are certainly one of India's most unusual, but little-known, contributions to architecture. They influenced many other structures in Indian architecture, especially many that incorporate water into their design. Ram Bagh in Agra was the first Mughal garden in India. It was designed by the Mughal emperor Babur and reflected his notion of paradise not only through

pos: Charbagh the Central Asian Conqueror Babur, as a tomb for his favourite Indian wife Mumtaz Mahal, in Agra, India. Here, unlike most such tombs, the mausoleum is not in the centre of the garden, but on its northern end. The garden features Italian cypress trees ("Cupressus sempervirens") that symbolize death. Fruit trees in the garden symbolize life. The garden attracts many birds, which are considered one of the features of the garden. In Pakistan, the Mughal Shalimar Gardens and the garden in the Tomb of Jehangir in Lahore are based on the Charbagh concept. A charbagh is located on the roof

pos: Mughal gardens for the Central Asian charbagh. The Aram Bagh of Agra is thought to have been the first charbagh in South Asia. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens which differ from their Central Asian predecessors with respect to "the highly disciplined geometry". An early textual references about Mughal gardens are found in the memoirs and biographies of the Mughal emperors, including those of Babur, Humayun and Akbar. Later references are found from "the accounts of India" written by various European travellers (Bernier for example). The first serious historical study of Mughal gardens was written by Constance Villiers-Stuart,

pos: Mughal Empire monuments were built during the Mughal era by the Muslim emperors, especially Shah Jahan, including the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known to be one of the finer examples of Mughal architecture. Other World Heritage Sites include Humayun's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, the Red Fort, the Agra Fort, and the Lahore Fort. The palaces, tombs, and forts built by the dynasty stand today in Agra, Aurangabad, Delhi, Dhaka, Fatehpur Sikri, Jaipur, Lahore, Kabul, Sheikhupura, and many other cities of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. With few memories of Central Asia, Babur's descendants absorbed traits and customs of South Asia

neg: Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar Shalimar Bagh is a Mughal garden in Srinagar, linked through a channel to the northeast of Dal Lake, on its right bank located on the outskirts of Srinagar city in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Its other names are Shalimar Garden, Shalimar Bagh, Farah Baksh, and Faiz Baksh, and the other famous shoreline garden in the vicinity is Nishat Bagh. The Bagh was built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan, in 1619. The Bagh is considered the high point of Mughal horticulture. It is now a public park. It is also called the "Crown of

neg: Nishat Bagh Nishat Bagh Nishat Bagh is a terraced Mughal garden built on the eastern side of the Dal Lake, close to Srinagar in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir Valley￼￼ . Shalimar Bagh, which is also located on the bank of the Dal Lake. ‘Nishat Bagh’ is Urdu, which means "Garden of Joy," "Garden of Gladness" and "Garden of Delight." Located on the bank of the Dal Lake, with the Zabarwan Mountains as its backdrop, Nishat Bagh is a garden with views of the lake beneath the Pir Panjal mountain range.

neg: Achabal Gardens Achabal Gardens Achabal Gardens, "the places of the princes", is a small Mughal garden located at the southeastern end of the Kashmir Valley in the town of Achabal, Anantnag district, India. Located near the Himalayan Mountains, the site may have been a Hindu sacred site known as "Akkshavala" previously. It was built about 1620 A.D. by Mughal Empire Emperor Jahangir's wife, Nur Jahan, called the "greatest garden lovers of them all." The garden was rebuilt on smaller scale by Gulab Singh and is now a public garden. A main feature of the garden is a waterfall that enters into a

neg: Nishat Bagh The nearest Airport is away at Humhama. The Airport connects to all major cities of India. Jammu is the nearest Rail Head which is away. The National Highway NH1A connects the Kashmir valley with rest of the country. One way of visiting the Bagh is through the Dal Lake using the famous "water taxi" of Kashmir, the Shikara. Nishat Bagh Nishat Bagh is a terraced Mughal garden built on the eastern side of the Dal Lake, close to Srinagar in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is the largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir Valley￼￼ . Shalimar Bagh,

neg: Agra of Shāh Jahān, 'Allāma Afzal Khāl Mullā Shukrullāh of Shiraz. The oldest Mughal garden in India, the Rām Bāgh was built by the Emperor Bābar in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. It lies about north of the Tāj Mahal. The pavilions in this garden are designed so that the wind from the Yamuna, combined with the greenery, keeps them cool even during the peak of summer. The original name of the gardens was Ārām Bāgh, or 'Garden of Relaxation', and this was where the Mughal emperor Bābar used to spend his leisure time and where he eventually died.

neg: Islamic garden a fortified Muslim city." The name Shalimar is thought to mean, among other things, "abode of bliss" or "light of the moon". There were originally three gardens with the name Shalimar: one in Lahore, Pakistan, another in Jammu Kashmir, India and finally one, located in Delhi, India which has completely disappeared. Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, was built by the governor of Lahore, with funds supplied by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, beginning in 1641 CE. The water is supplied by a canal dug from the nearby Ravi river. Built in the Mughal style, it is surrounded by high walls with towers

neg: Indo-Saracenic architecture renditions of the Indo-Saracenic style, built originally for lesser budgets, finding their nonetheless romantic expression in the occasional and serenely beautiful garden pavilion outbuildings, throughout the world, especially, in India and England. Confluence of different architectural styles had been attempted before during the mainly Turkic, Delhi Sultanate and Mughal periods. Turkic and Mughal conquest in the Indian subcontinent, introduced new concepts in the already rich architecture of India. The prevailing style of architecture was trabeate, employing pillars, beams and lintels. The Turkic invaders brought in the arcuate style of construction, with its arches and beams, which flourished under Mughal and

neg: Chashme Shahi Chashme Shahi Chashme Shahi or Chashma i Shahi (translation: "the royal spring"), also called Chashma Shahi, is one of the Mughal gardens built in 1632 AD around a spring by Ali Mardan Khan, a governor of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as per the orders of the Emperor, as a gift for his elder son Prince Dara Shikoh. The garden is located in the Zabarwan Range, near Raj Bhawan (Governor‘s house) overlooking Dal Lake in Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Chashme Shahi originally derives its name from the spring which was discovered by the great female saint of Kashmir, Rupa Bhawani, who was

neg: Mehtab Bagh Mehtab Bagh Mehtab Bagh (, , translation: "Moonlight Garden") is a charbagh complex in Agra, North India. It lies north of the Taj Mahal complex and the Agra Fort on the opposite side of the Yamuna River, in the flood plains. The garden complex, square in shape, measures about and is perfectly aligned with the Taj Mahal on the opposite bank. During the rainy season, the ground becomes partially flooded. The Mehtab Bagh garden was the last of eleven Mughal-built gardens along the Yamuna opposite the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort; the first being Ram Bagh. It is mentioned

neg: Dara Shikoh Garden Dara Shikoh Garden Dara Shikoh Garden is a [[Mughal gardens|Mughal]] garden situated on a side of [[Bijbehara]], [[Pahalgam]] road which is 45 km away from "the capital" [[Srinagar]]. It is situated on the bank of river [[Jehlum]]. It constitutes decas of [[Platanus orientalis|Chinar]] trees which were planted by the Mughal emperors which they brought from [[Iran]]. Apart from this the town Bijbehara has a lot of chinar trees planted in, and that is why it is also known as Town of Chinars [[Dara Shikoh]] a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor, eldest son of the fifth king of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s [[Shah Jahan]] built

neg: Islamnagar, Bhopal of Islamnagar. Chaman Mahal ("Garden Palace") is a red sandstone structure built by Dost Mohammad Khan. It is surrounded by gardens and fountains, and is ornamented with floral motifs. The architecture is a synthesis of the Malwa-Mughal architecture, with Bengali-influenced drooping eaves. The ruined palace has a Mughal water garden and a hamam (Turkish bath). Rani Mahal ("Queen Palace") is a double-storey zenana complex (female residence). It has a colonnaded "Diwan-e-Aam". According to the 2011 census of India, Islamnagar has 724 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 77.52%.

neg: Dara Shikoh Garden the garden in early 17th century and was opened on 1640 A.D. [[Category:Mughal gardens in India]] [[Category:Gardens in Jammu and Kashmir]] [[Category:Mughal gardens]] Dara Shikoh Garden Dara Shikoh Garden is a [[Mughal gardens|Mughal]] garden situated on a side of [[Bijbehara]], [[Pahalgam]] road which is 45 km away from "the capital" [[Srinagar]]. It is situated on the bank of river [[Jehlum]]. It constitutes decas of [[Platanus orientalis|Chinar]] trees which were planted by the Mughal emperors which they brought from [[Iran]]. Apart from this the town Bijbehara has a lot of chinar trees planted in, and that is why it is also

neg: Mughal emperors continued until after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Thereafter, the British East India Company became the protectors of the Mughal dynasty in Delhi. After a crushed rebellion which he nominally led in 1857-58, the last Mughal, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was deposed by the British government, who then assumed formal control of a large part of the former empire, marking the start of the British Raj. Family tree of the first seven Mughal emperors: Mughal emperors The Mughal Emperors, from the early 16th century to the mid 19th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to

neg: Chashme Shahi brother Aurengzeb. The garden is 108 m long and 38 m wide and is spread over one acre of land. It is the smallest garden among the three Mughal gardens of Srinagar; the Shalimar garden is the largest and the Nishat garden is the second largest. All the three gardens were built at the right bank of the Dal Lake, with Zabarwan mountains (Zabarwan Range) at the backdrop. The garden presents Mughal architecture as used in different Mughal gardens. The artistically build garden has Iranian influence in its art and architecture and the design is based on the Persian gardens.

neg: Garden of Five Senses Garden of Five Senses The Garden of Five Senses is a park in Delhi, India. Spread over 20 acres, the park is located in Saidul Ajaib village, opposite Saket, near the Mehrauli heritage area. Designed by Delhi architect, Pradeep Sachdeva, the park was developed by Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation, Delhi at a cost of Rs 10.5 crore (105,000,000 rupees), over a period of three years and opened in February 2003. Partly built over a rocky terrain, the garden has various theme areas, including a section on the lines of Mughal Gardens, plus pools of water lilies, bamboo courts,

neg: Mughal gardens he is known to have spent a great deal of time at his father’s gardens. Akbar built several gardens first in Delhi, then in Agra, Akbar’s new capital. These tended to be riverfront gardens rather than the fortress gardens that his predecessors built. Building riverfront rather than fortress gardens influenced later Mughal garden architecture considerably. Akbar’s son, Jahangir, did not build as much, but he helped to lay out the famous Shalimar garden and was known for his great love for flowers. Indeed, his trips to Kashmir are believed to have begun a fashion for naturalistic and abundant floral design.

neg: Dilkusha Bagh during the Migration of Mirza Ghiyas Beg and his Wife Asmat Begum (The Mother of Mehr-un-Nissa). One of the later works from the 18th century gives an idea about the Orchard as there were no other major orchards except Dilkusha Bagh in the 18th Century. The Imperial Gazetteer of India mentions the Orchards of Bhakkar as follows: Dilkusha Bagh Dilkusha Bagh (, literally "The Engaging Garden" or "The Charming Garden") is an old Date Orchard in Bhakkar District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is believed to be a Mughal garden built by Humayun or Akbar. However Humayun never visited the area.

neg: Chashme Shahi bloom during May and June. Chashme Shahi Chashme Shahi or Chashma i Shahi (translation: "the royal spring"), also called Chashma Shahi, is one of the Mughal gardens built in 1632 AD around a spring by Ali Mardan Khan, a governor of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as per the orders of the Emperor, as a gift for his elder son Prince Dara Shikoh. The garden is located in the Zabarwan Range, near Raj Bhawan (Governor‘s house) overlooking Dal Lake in Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Chashme Shahi originally derives its name from the spring which was discovered by the great female saint of

neg: Achabal Gardens a low spur which is densely covered with deodar trees and at one place it gushes out from an oblique fissure large enough to admit a man's body and forms a volume some 18 inches high and about a foot in diameter. Achabal Gardens Achabal Gardens, "the places of the princes", is a small Mughal garden located at the southeastern end of the Kashmir Valley in the town of Achabal, Anantnag district, India. Located near the Himalayan Mountains, the site may have been a Hindu sacred site known as "Akkshavala" previously. It was built about 1620 A.D. by Mughal Empire

neg: Bega Begum was cleverly Indianized. The surrounding garden was also the first prodigious materialization of the form of the Persian 'Chahar Bagh' (Quartered Garden) in India. The mausoleum is the best representative monument in the Indian capital (Delhi) of the past authority of the Mughal Empire. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Three Memoirs of Homayun. Volume One: Humáyunnáma and Tadhkiratu'l-wáqíát; Volume Two: Táríkh-i Humáyún, translated from the Persian by Wheeler Thackston. Bilingual Edition, Bibliotheca Iranica: Intellectual Traditions, No. 11 (March 15, 2009). Bega Begum Bega Begum ( 1511 – 17 January 1582) was Empress consort of the Mughal Empire from 26 December 1530 to 17 May

neg: Akbari Architecture Akbari Architecture Akbari Architecture refers to the style of Indo-Islamic architecture conceived during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar. His successors further added to this style, leading to the unique and individualistic style of Mughal architecture. Some examples of this style are Humayun's Tomb, which was the first of a long succession of garden-tombs (and a predecessor of the Taj Mahal), the Agra Fort, the abandoned city of Fatehpur Sikri and Akbar's own tomb. Akbar the Great was the third Mughal Emperor and also the architect of the Mughal Empire in India. Although he was illiterate, Akbar showed a profound

neg: Roshanara Bagh Roshanara Bagh Roshanara Garden is a Mughal-style garden built by Roshanara Begum, the second daughter of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is situated in Shakti Nagar near Kamla Nagar Clock Tower and North Campus of University of Delhi. It is one of the biggest gardens in Delhi having a great variety of plants, some imported from Japan. The lake inside the gardens is visited by migratory birds during winters and is a popular site for bird watching. The garden has a raised canal with flowering plants on both sides. Today the garden holds a white marble pavilion built in

neg: Pari Mahal Pari Mahal Pari Mahal (Urdu: پری محل ) or The Angels' Abode is a seven terraced garden located at the top of Zabarwan mountain range over-looking city of Srinagar and south-west of Dal Lake. The architecture depicts an example of Islamic architecture and patronage of art during the reign of the then Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. It is five-minute drive from Cheshmashahi, Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The Pari Mahal was built by Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh in the mid-1600s. It served as a library and an abode for him. Dara Shikoh was said to have lived in this

neg: Indo-Islamic architecture special native architectural projects were undertaken. By this time versions of Mughal style had been widely adopted by the rulers of the princely states and other wealthy people of all religions for their palaces and, where appropriate, tombs. Hindu patrons often mixed aspects of Hindu temple architecture and traditional Hindu palace architecture with Mughal elements and, later, European ones. Major examples of Mughal architecture include: The most well known example of Mughal architecture is the Taj Mahal. It was built for the wife of Shah Jahan, who died in 1631. The main ideas and themes of garden tombs had already

neg: Indian painting and 19th centuries. Mughal paintings were a unique blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. Because the Mughal kings wanted visual records of their deeds as hunters and conquerors, their artists accompanied them on military expeditions or missions of state, or recorded their prowess as animal slayers, or depicted them in the great dynastic ceremonies of marriages. Akbar's reign (1556–1605) ushered a new era in Indian miniature painting. After he had consolidated his political power, he built a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri where he collected artists from India and Persia. He was the first monarch who established in India

neg: Bijbehara Yuga. The Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh built a bridge which was 100-yards long and 6-yards wide, spanning the Jhelum River at Bijbehara, near the Mughal garden. The bridge was washed away by heavy floods. The oldest Chinar tree of the sub-continent, at 70 feet circumference at ground level, is located among 24 others in a garden popularly known as Padshahi Bagh. The Padshahi Garden consists of 25 kanals and 10 marlas. The Dara Shikoh Garden is also on the bank of the Jhelum. The garden is of 420 kanals (52.5 acres) area. The Padshahi Garden and the Dara Shikoh Garden

neg: Pinjore Pinjore to his lands. He had a great admiration for the beauty engulfed in the garden and used to visit the place frequently. Amar Singh is credited with to improve the garden manifold. In 1966, Haryana was declared as an independent state and Pinjore Garden was handed over to it. Today, the garden continues to be one of the prime attractions of Haryana. Features Pinjore Garden is built in the typical Mughal style. It has a sloping ground and is adorned with fountains and grand pavilions. However, it differs from the other Mughal Gardens in respect that the seven terraces

neg: Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal two structures remain immediately north and south of the large pool which were probably garden pavilions. From the northern structure a stepped waterfall would have fed the pool. The garden to the north has the typical square, cross-axial plan with a square pool in its centre. To the west an aqueduct fed the garden. Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal The 'Taj Mahal' represents the finest and most sophisticated example of Mughal architecture. Its origins lie in the moving circumstances of its commission and the culture and history of an Islamic Mughal empire's rule of large parts of India.

neg: Buddhu's Tomb built around 1641, and is traditionally ascribed to be the tomb of "Buddhu", son of "Suddhu" - a local brick maker who supplied bricks for several royal buildings in Lahore during the Shah Jahan period. Historical record suggests that the tomb was actually built for the wife of "Khan-e-Dauran" Bahadur Nusrat Jang - an "amir" of the Mughal royal court. The amir was himself was later buried in it following his death in 1643. In keeping with Mughal funerary tradition, the tomb was likely located in a garden which no longer survives. The site was used by Prince Sher Singh

neg: Tomb of Jahangir slight southwest of Asif Khan's tomb. The tomb was built for Emperor Jahangir, who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605 to 1627 C.E.. The emperor died in the foothills of Kashmir near the town of Rajauri on 28 October 1627. A funeral procession transferred his body from Kashmir and arrived in Lahore on Friday, 12 November 1627. The "Dilkusha" Garden in which he was buried was a "favourite spot" of Jahangir and his wife Nur Jahan, when they lived in Lahore. His son, the new Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, ordered that a "mausoleum befitting an Emperor" should be built in

neg: Tomb of Asif Khan Tomb of Asif Khan The Tomb of Asif Khan () is a 17th century mausoleum located in Shahdara Bagh, in the city of Lahore, Punjab. It was built for the Mughal statesman Mirza Abul Hassan Jah, who was titled "Asif Khan". Asif Khan was brother of Nur Jahan, and brother-in-law to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Asif Khan's tomb is located adjacent to the Tomb of Jahangir, and near the Tomb of Nur Jahan. Asif Khan's tomb was built in a Central Asian architectural style, and stands in the centre of a Persian-style Charbagh garden. Asif Khan was the brother of

neg: Kalanaur, Punjab, India During the 14th-16th centuries, Kalanaur was a major urban centre and several historical events are associated with the town. Firuz Shah Tughluq (1352–88) built a beautiful palace on the banks of the Kiran rivulet. During the reign of Sayyad Mubarak Shah (1421–35), Kalanaur was ruled by the Khokhar tribe. In February 1556, Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan. The masonry platform, where he was crowned can be visited even today. There is a mosque that was built during his reign. During period of anarchy in latter half of the 18th century, the

neg: Aga Khan Park Aga Khan Park The Aga Khan Park is a landscaped garden that covers the space between and around the Ismaili Centre and the Aga Khan Museum, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, built by Aga Khan IV and formally inaugurated by Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne on 25 May 2015.The park is built on traditional Persian and Mughal style of architecture. The park was designed by the Beirut-based landscape architect Vladimir Djurovic. Prior to finalizing his designs, Djurovic visited multiple gardens around the world, such as the Tomb of Humayun in New Delhi, India. He settled down upon a more "what you

neg: Agra bordering (Old) Delhi, Awadh (Oudh), Allahabad, Malwa and Ajmer subahs. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1648. Since Akbarabād was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arām Bāgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar the Great raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a centre for learning, arts, commerce and religion.

neg: Chauburji this garden is often attributed to Mughal Princess Zeb-un-Nisa, who is believed to be referenced in an inscription naming her "Sahib-e-Zebinda Begam-e-Dauran." The princess was eight years old at the time of construction, so it has been suggested that the inscription may actually be in reference to her aunt, Jahanara Begum, who was a daughter of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The garden for which Chauburji acted as a gateway no longer exists, and the structure is now located in a grassy roundabout at the busy intersection of Lahore's Multan Road, and Bahawalpur Road. The Mughal garden is believed to

neg: Roshanara Begum chose to spend an esoteric life in her palace in Delhi, surrounded by a thick forest. She never married and lived in her palace till the end of her life. Her palace in the middle of the Roshanara garden is a reminder of the crucial role she played in the history of India. She died at the age of 54. Aurangzeb had her interred in the Roshanara Bagh, a garden that she had designed and commissioned herself. Roshanara Begum Roshanara Begum (3 September 1617 – 11 September 1671) was a Mughal princess and the second daughter of Mughal emperor Shah

neg: Funerary art on a stone platform rather than in a garden. In the Persian sphere, a tradition of relatively small mausoleums evolved, often in the shape of short hexagonal or octagonal domed towers, usually containing a single chamber, like the Malek Tomb. These single-chambered tombs developed into larger buildings in the Timurid and Mughal Empires, like the Gur-e Amir tomb of Timur at Samarkand and the famous Mughal tombs of India, which culminated in the Taj Mahal. The Mughal tombs are mostly set in a large walled "charbagh" ("chahar-bagh") or Mughal gardens, often with pavilions at the corners and a gatehouse. The

neg: Mughal architecture the walled enclosures. Some of the typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens. The famous gardens are the Char Bagh gardens at Taj Mahal, gardens at Humayun's Tomb Shalimar Gardens of Lahore, Delhi and Kashmir as well as Pinjore Garden in Haryana. Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur was constructed during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Mughal architecture "Mughal Architecture" is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent. It developed the styles of earlier Muslim dynasties in India

neg: Chauburji Chauburji Chauburji (Punjabi and , "Four Towers") is Mughal era monument in the city of Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Shah Jahan period monument previously acted as a gateway to a large garden, and was built in 1646 C.E. Chauburji is located on Lahore's Multan Road, which leads southwards to Multan, and was the gateway to an extensive garden known to have existed in Mughal times. The name "Chauburji," which translates as "four towers" was likely given by later generations, as the site as seen as a monumental gateway to an extensive garden. The establishment of

neg: Roshanara Bagh is situated close to National Highway 1 on the Grand Trunk Road. Roshanara Bagh Roshanara Garden is a Mughal-style garden built by Roshanara Begum, the second daughter of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is situated in Shakti Nagar near Kamla Nagar Clock Tower and North Campus of University of Delhi. It is one of the biggest gardens in Delhi having a great variety of plants, some imported from Japan. The lake inside the gardens is visited by migratory birds during winters and is a popular site for bird watching. The garden has a raised canal with flowering plants on

neg: Vidyadhar Bhattacharya was built in memory of Purohit Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. Built in 1988, the garden was designed based on "Shilpa Shastra", the ancient book on Indian architecture that Vidyadhar Bhattacharya referred to while designing the pink city of Jaipur. Before the garden was built, the area, situated close to the Sisodia Garden, was believed to be a vineyard. The garden, nestled in the lap of a valley in Jaipur, has crystal waters, tranquil lakes, flower beds and well maintained gardens. It offers a panoramic view of the city. The garden is the perfect combination of contemporary Hindu and Mughal styles with its

neg: Nepalese Muslims Muslims came with a Kashmiri saint who built the first mosque, Kashmiri Taquia, in 1524, writes Shamima Siddika in her book Muslims of Nepal. Influenced by the system of Mughal courts in Delhi, the Mallas also invited Indian Muslims to work as courtiers and counsellors-leading to rivalry with Newar nobles of the Malla courts. While the Muslim courtiers did not last long and returned to India, other Muslims stayed on. The Mallas also got Indian Muslims from the Mughal Empire to join their courts as musicians and specialists on perfumes and ornaments. Historian Baburam Acharya believes they were also there

neg: Allahabad to assist the garrison. During the Mughal war of succession, the commandant of the fort who had joined Shah Shuja made an agreement with Aurangzeb's officers and surrendered it to Khan Dauran on 12 January 1659. The fort was coveted by the East India Company for the same reasons Akbar built it. British troops were first stationed at Allahabad fort in 1765 as part of the Treaty of Allahabad signed by Lord Robert Clive, Mughal emperor Shah Alam II, and Awadh's Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula. The combined forces of Bengal's Nawab Mir Qasim, Shuja and Shah Alam were defeated by the English

neg: Jat people the recently established Jat kingdom of Bharatpur, Raja Surajmal, felt sanguine enough about durability to build a garden palace at nearby Dig (Deeg). Although, the palace, "Gopal Bhavan", was named for Lord Krishna, its domes, arches, and garden were evocative of Mughal architecture, a reflection ultimately of how much these new rulers—aspiring dynasts all—were products of the Mughal epoch. In another nod to the Mughal legacy, in the 1750s, Surajmal removed his own Jat brethren from positions of power and replaced them with a contingent of Mughal revenue officials from Delhi who proceeded to implement the Mughal scheme of collecting

neg: Architecture of Dhaka centuries in what is now India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is symmetrical and decorative in style. Some of the first and most characteristic examples that remain of early Mughal architecture were built in the short reign (1540–1545) of emperor Sher Shah Suri, who was not a Mughal; they include a mosque known as the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque (1541) at Purana Quila, Delhi, and the military architecture of the Old Fort in Delhi, the Lalbagh Fort in Bangladesh, and Rohtas Fort, near Jhelum in Pakistan. His mausoleum, octagonal in plan and set upon a plinth in the middle of an artificial lake,

neg: William Fraser (British India civil servant) Nawab Shamsuddin Ahmed Khan, the ruler of Loharu and Ferozepur Jhirka and father of noted Mughal poet, Daagh Dehlvi was hanged in connection with the murder. His death is mentioned in the "Delhi Book" (1844) of Sir Thomas Metcalfe, a subsequent agent at the Mughal imperial court. He was first buried at local burial ground, thereafter reburied at the St. James' Church, Delhi by Colonel James Skinner, who built the church in 1836. Today William Fraser's bungalow houses the Office of Chief Engineer Northern Railways (Construction) and has restricted entry. William Dalrymple mentions visiting the bungalow in his 1994 book

neg: Fatehpur district the old Hindu scripture "Brahm Puran", which is 5000 years old. In 1561 A.D., Moghal emperor Humayun passed through this town while invading Jaunpur state. On 5 January 1659 A.D., Mughal emperor Aurangzeb had a fierce battle with his brother prince Shah Shuja (Mughal), and killed him near this place. To celebrate the victory, he constructed a large beautiful garden "Badshahi Bagh" and a big lodge having 130 rooms. During the Mughal regime, the control of Fatehpur changed hands between rulers of Jaunpur, Delhi and Kannauj. In 1801 A.D., this region came under the control of East India Company. On

neg: Arts of Iran and impressive". The tradition and style in the garden design of Persian gardens (Persian باغ ایرانی) has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond. The gardens of the Alhambra show the influence of Persian Paradise garden philosophy and style in a Moorish Palace scale from the era of Al-Andalus in Spain. The Taj Mahal is one of the largest Persian Garden interpretations in the world, from the era of the Mughal Empire in India. Says writer Will Durant: "Ancient Iranians with an alphabet of 36 letters, used skins and pen to write, Instead of ear-then tablets".

neg: William Linnæus Gardner am fond of my garden and... have more relish in playing with [my] little brats than for the First Society in the World." Together they had three children: two sons named Alan Hyde Gardner (whose younger daughter married a Mughal prince named Mirza Anjum Shikoh Bahadur) and James Valentine Gardner (who married a Mughal princess named Begum Mulka Humanee), as well as a daughter. The memoirs of Fanny Parkes, a contemporary of Gardner's who spent time with the family in February 1835, offers unique insight into the family's multicultural daily life. Parkes writes of the household's mix of Mughal and

neg: Humayun's Tomb Humayun's Tomb Humayun's tomb ("Maqbaer-e-Humayun") is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum), in 1569-70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. It was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, and is located in Nizamuddin East, Delhi, India, close to the "Dina-panah" Citadel, also known as "Purana Qila" (Old Fort), that Humayun founded in 1533. It was also the first structure to use red sandstone at such a

neg: Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh in name was tolerated by the British only because they still needed a buffer state between their presence in the East and South, and the remnants of the Mughal Empire to the North. Wajid Ali Shah was most unfortunate to have ascended the throne of Oudh at a time when the British East India Company was determined to grab the coveted throne of prosperous Awadh, which was "the garden, granary, and queen-province of India"- the royal predecessors and successors of Awadh were one of the major threats to the Mughal Empire before Britain's attempt at usurping full political

neg: Mian (surname) being the custodians of the site. President Ayub Khan transferred the authority of Shalimar Garden to Government of Pakistan. The Mian clan roots belong to Arains, who are associated with farming. Mian (surname) Mian (Punjabi,) is a family name in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The clan of Arain tribe who were the owner of Ishaqpura region, the territory where Mughal Empire wanted to build a Garden named as Shalimar in Lahore. The tribesmen were specifically ranked authorities by Mughals. The Mughal emperors were attribute them and gave them the title of 'Mian' from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Finally Mian

neg: Manasbal Lake Manasbal Lake Manasbal Lake is located in Ganderbal District in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in India. The name Manasbal is said to be a derivative of the Lake Manasarovar. Lake is encircled by three villages viz., Jarokbal, Kondabal (also called Kiln place, is situated on the north-eastern side of the lake) and Ganderbal. The large growth of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) at the periphery of the lake (blooms during July and August) adds to the beauty of the clear waters of the lake. The Mughal garden, called the Jaroka, (meaning bay window) built by Nur Jahan overlooks the lake.

neg: Khusro Bagh township. Khusro Bagh Khusrau Bagh (Hindi: ख़ुसरो बाग़) is a large walled garden and burial complex located in "muhalla" Khuldabad close to the Allahabad Junction Station, in Allahabad, India. It is roughly two miles from the Akbar (r. 1556-1605) built Allahabad Fort. Situated over forty acres and shaped as a quadrangle it includes the tombs of Shah Begum (born Manbhawati Bai) (d. 1604), Jahangir's Rajput wife and the daughter of Maharaja Bhagwant Das and Khusrau Mirza's (d. 1622) mother; Khusrau Mirza, Jahangir's eldest son and briefly heir apparent to the Mughal throne; and Nithar Begum (d. 1624), Khusrau Mirza's sister

neg: Khusro Bagh Khusro Bagh Khusrau Bagh (Hindi: ख़ुसरो बाग़) is a large walled garden and burial complex located in "muhalla" Khuldabad close to the Allahabad Junction Station, in Allahabad, India. It is roughly two miles from the Akbar (r. 1556-1605) built Allahabad Fort. Situated over forty acres and shaped as a quadrangle it includes the tombs of Shah Begum (born Manbhawati Bai) (d. 1604), Jahangir's Rajput wife and the daughter of Maharaja Bhagwant Das and Khusrau Mirza's (d. 1622) mother; Khusrau Mirza, Jahangir's eldest son and briefly heir apparent to the Mughal throne; and Nithar Begum (d. 1624), Khusrau Mirza's sister and

neg: Samode Palace entry fee rate from Jaipur. Samode Palace Samode Palace, Samode Haveli and Samode Bagh (Garden) are heritage monuments and structures built by the noble feudatory with the hereditary title of 'Maha Rawal' or 'Maha Saheb’ of the Amber and Jaipur principality in Rajasthan, India. All three have rich history of several hundred years and display a fusion of Mughal and Rajasthani art and architecture. They are now part of the Heritage group of hotels under the flagship name of “Samode” that are run by the hereditary owners of these structures. The Samode Palace is located north of Jaipur city, the

neg: Samode Palace Samode Palace Samode Palace, Samode Haveli and Samode Bagh (Garden) are heritage monuments and structures built by the noble feudatory with the hereditary title of 'Maha Rawal' or 'Maha Saheb’ of the Amber and Jaipur principality in Rajasthan, India. All three have rich history of several hundred years and display a fusion of Mughal and Rajasthani art and architecture. They are now part of the Heritage group of hotels under the flagship name of “Samode” that are run by the hereditary owners of these structures. The Samode Palace is located north of Jaipur city, the Samode Haveli is close to

neg: William Fraser (British India civil servant) "City of Djinns". He was among the British officers who were greatly influenced by the Mughal culture. He was a great patron of arts, and was a big admirer of Mughal poet, Ghalib. He also commissioned famed art work called as the "Fraser Album". It consisted of works by renowned artists of Mughal era. The artwork covered the life in Mughal era during the time. William Fraser (British India civil servant) William Fraser (1784 – 22 March 1835) was a British India civil servant who was an Agent to the Governor General of India and Commissioner of the Dehli Territory

neg: Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum had grown into a wild jungle after initially built due to long years of neglect. The garden has been laid in seven terraces with the main gate of the garden opening into the highest first terrace which has a palace built in Rajasthani–Mughal style. It is called the "Shish Mahal" (Palace of Mirrors), which is adjoined by a romantic "Hawa Mahal" (Breezy Palace). The second terrace with arched doorways has the "Rang Mahal" (Palace of Colors) since it was brightly painted and decorated to be used to house the ruler's wives and mistresses. The third terrace has cypress trees and

neg: History of Patna the model for later Mughal rule and British rule built on the Mughal paradigm. The Guptas soon faced a wave of migrations by the Huns, a people who originally lived north of China. The Hun migrations would push all the way to the doors of Rome. Beginning in the 400's, the Huns began to put pressure on the Guptas. They were initially defeated by Skandagupta. However, by 480 they conquered large parts of Northwestern India. Western India was overrun by 500, and the last of the Gupta kings, presiding over a vastly diminished kingdom, perished in 550. However, the Huns

neg: Sardar Khan's Roza Sardar Khan's Roza Sardar Khan's Roza or Nawab Sardar Khan's Mosque and Tomb, is a mosque and tomb complex in Jamalpur area of Ahmedabad, India. Sardar Khan was a minister of Ahmedabad during Mughal rule. He did not provide help to Mughal prince Dara Shikoh, who fled from captivity of Aurangzeb. Sardar Khan's Roza was built in 1685. The tomb of Sardar Khan was built of stone and had a marble floor. The mosque was made of bricks situated on high platform, and the façade of the mosque had three pointed arches and two minarets on either side. The minarets

neg: Chauburji within 200 feet of any heritage site, including Chauburji in order to prevent what UNESCO termed as potentially "irreversible damage," were the line to be constructed in its present form. Chauburji Chauburji (Punjabi and , "Four Towers") is Mughal era monument in the city of Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Shah Jahan period monument previously acted as a gateway to a large garden, and was built in 1646 C.E. Chauburji is located on Lahore's Multan Road, which leads southwards to Multan, and was the gateway to an extensive garden known to have existed in Mughal times.

neg: Paradise garden traditions and later European traditions derive from that of the paradise garden. Examples of the paradise garden and its derivations are present in many of the historic gardens of Islamic and European nations. In the east, by way of the Persian garden it gave rise to the Mughal gardens of India, a late example of which is the garden of the Taj Mahal in Agra. In the farthest west, it informed the paved and tiled courtyards, arcades, and pools and fountains of Moorish Andalusia. The fundamental design of the Gardens of Versailles in France almost replicates the paradise gardens of

neg: Walled City of Lahore the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque. He also built two other mosques in the Walled City, as well as the Shahi Hammam - famous for its lavish use of frescoes as a decorative element. He built for himself a haveli in the old city near the Shah Alami Bazaar called the "Peri Mahal", or "Fairy Palace." He also laid a pleasure garden south of the Walled City known as "Nakhla Bagh", where he also built for himself a baradari. Shah Jahan's son, Emperor Aurangzeb, built the largest Mughal monument in Lahore, the iconic Badshahi Mosque. Emperor Aurangzeb also ordered construction

neg: Azim Khan's Tomb records about the general Azim Khan. He was a general in the Mughal Army, was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar. He was awarded the title "Akbar" (meaning "magnificent") by Akbar himself. Azim Khan's Tomb Azim Khan's Tomb (aka Azim Khan) is the tomb of Azim Khan, who was a general of the Mughal Army, located on a small hillock at Anuvrat Marg, Delhi-Gurgaon Road, in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned in 17th century. It is built in the typical square shaped structure with a crowned dome coated with plaster and decorated with carvings. After the Mughal period,

neg: Baba Payam ud Din Reshi Baba Payam ud Din Reshi Babareshi is the name of a village, forest area, tourist and religious place in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is named after the Sufi saint Baba Payam uddin Reshi. It is located a few kilometres from Tangmarg and near the hill station Gulmarg. Situated at an altitude of about 7,000 feet (2,133 meters), the Ziyarat Baba Reshi shrine is a three-storey monument. It is located near Ramboh village in Baramulla District. Built in 1480, in Mughal and Persian style, the tomb is named after Baba Payam Uddin. The shrine and its surrounding garden is a

neg: Baba Payam ud Din Reshi Baba Payam ud Din Reshi Babareshi is the name of a village, forest area, tourist and religious place in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is named after the Sufi saint Baba Payam uddin Reshi. It is located a few kilometres from Tangmarg and near the hill station Gulmarg. Situated at an altitude of about 7,000 feet (2,133 meters), the Ziyarat Baba Reshi shrine is a three-storey monument. It is located near Ramboh village in Baramulla District. Built in 1480, in Mughal and Persian style, the tomb is named after Baba Payam Uddin. The shrine and its surrounding garden is a

neg: Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli) some of the Mughal emperors and also the vacant grave of Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli) Zafar Mahal, in Mehrauli village, in South Delhi, India is considered the last monumental structure built as a summer palace during the fading years of the Mughal era. The building has two components namely, the Mahal or the palace, which was built first by Akbar Shah II in the 18th century, and the entrance gate that was reconstructed in the 19th century by Bahadur Shah Zafar II, popularly known as “Zafar” (the "nom de plume" of Bahadur Shah II) meaning ‘Victory’. It

neg: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya of Maratha Empire. The building is built in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture, incorporating elements of other styles of architecture like the Mughal, Maratha and Jain. The museum building is surrounded by a garden of palm trees and formal flower beds. The museum houses approximately 50,000 exhibits of ancient Indian history as well as objects from foreign lands, categorized primarily into three sections: Art, Archaeology and Natural History. The museum houses Indus Valley Civilization artefacts, and other relics from ancient India from the time of the Guptas, Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakuta. In 1904, some leading citizens of Bombay decided to

neg: Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir was built in 1656. Old Delhi was founded by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) who built what is commonly known as the old city or walled city, surrounded by a wall, with the main street Chandni Chowk in front of the Red Fort, the imperial residence. Shah Jahan invited several Agrawal Jain merchants to come and settle in the city and granted them some land south of the Chandani Chauk around Dariba Gali. According to Jain scholar Balbhadra Jain's compendium of Digambar Jain shrines in India, the temple was constructed during the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Balbhadra

neg: Tomb of Safdar Jang of four squares with wide footpaths and water tanks, which have been further subdivided into smaller squares. The garden is in the Mughal "charbagh" garden style, and is a smaller version of the garden of the Humayun Tomb which is also built in Delhi. One channel leads to the entrance gate and the other leads to the three pavilions. The main podium over which the mausoleum is built measures on each side. The high walls have been built in rubble stone masonry and have recessed arches in the interior. The towers or "chatris" are octagonal in shape. Its overall layout

neg: Persian gardens familial relaxation. Persian gardens The tradition and style of garden design represented by Persian gardens or Iranian gardens () has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond. The gardens of the Alhambra show the influence of Persian garden philosophy and style in a Moorish palace scale, from the era of al-Andalus in Spain. Humayun's Tomb and Taj Mahal have some of the largest Persian gardens in the world, from the era of the Mughal Empire in India. From the time of the Achaemenid Empire, the idea of an earthly paradise spread through Persian literature and example

neg: Persian gardens Persian gardens The tradition and style of garden design represented by Persian gardens or Iranian gardens () has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond. The gardens of the Alhambra show the influence of Persian garden philosophy and style in a Moorish palace scale, from the era of al-Andalus in Spain. Humayun's Tomb and Taj Mahal have some of the largest Persian gardens in the world, from the era of the Mughal Empire in India. From the time of the Achaemenid Empire, the idea of an earthly paradise spread through Persian literature and example to other

neg: Qudsia Bagh Survey of India records. There are plans by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi to rename Qudsia Bagh "MM Aggarwal Park", after the city commissioner, which has raised protests. Qudsia Bagh Qudsia Bagh (English: "Qudsia Garden") is an 18th-century garden complex and palace located in Old Delhi, India. The complex was constructed in 1748 for Qudsia Begum, the mother of Mughal emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. It is situated north of the old city. Formerly a splendid palace, it belonged to the heir apparent before falling into disrepair. Large parts of it were destroyed during the Indian rebellion of 1857. Today only

neg: Mian (surname) Mian (surname) Mian (Punjabi,) is a family name in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The clan of Arain tribe who were the owner of Ishaqpura region, the territory where Mughal Empire wanted to build a Garden named as Shalimar in Lahore. The tribesmen were specifically ranked authorities by Mughals. The Mughal emperors were attribute them and gave them the title of 'Mian' from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Finally Mian Muhammad Yousaf give his ancestoral land to emperor in lieu of a garden. The project was finished and emperor Shah Jahan had granted the area back to same tribe's men as

neg: Mian (tribe) Mian (tribe) The Mian () is a Pakistani Punjabi tribe who were the owner of Ishaqpura region, the territory where Mughal Empire wanted to build a Garden named as Shalimar in Lahore. The tribesmen were specifically ranked authorities by Mughals. The Mughal emperors were attribute them and gave them the title of 'Mian' from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Finally Mian Muhammad Yousaf give his ancestoral land to emperor in lieu of a garden. The project was finished and emperor Shah Jahan had granted the area back to same tribe's men as being the custodians of the site. Since that day

neg: Yeola Yeola Yeola () is a town, a municipal council and a taluka headquarters in Nashik District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Yeola is known for work of an holy Sant Raghuji Baba, who was the main reformer of Yeola City. He built the first mosque in Yeola. People say that when Mughal King Aurangzeb would pass through any city with his army to capture India and if he would not find any mosque Masjid (place of prayers for Muslims), he would destroy the whole city or village. When he was passing through Deccan south part of India or Aurangabad,

neg: Kandahari Begum sold it to the Raja of Bharatpur who raised some modern buildings in it. The compound became property of the Bharatpur rulers at some point in the colonial era, and a mansion was built in place of the central tomb. Thence it became famous as "Bharatpur House". A gate and a few corner chhatris of the original garden have survived. Kandahari Begum Kandahari Begum ("also spelled Qandahari Begum"; 1593 – ?; also known as "Kandahari Mahal"; Arabic, ; meaning "Lady from Kandahar") was the first wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. By birth, she was a princess of the

neg: Mughal emperors Mughal emperors The Mughal Emperors, from the early 16th century to the mid 19th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughals were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. Their power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last of the emperors was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the British Raj. Mughal emperors were of direct descent from Timur (generally known in western nations as Tamerlane), and also affiliated with Genghis Khan, because of

neg: Shalimar Gardens, Lahore and was completed in 1642. In 1981 the Shalimar Gardens were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as they embody Mughal garden design at the apogee of its development. The Shalimar Gardens are located near Baghbanpura along Grand Trunk Road some 5 kilometers northeast of Lahore's Walled City. Lahore's Shalimar Gardens were built by the Mughal royal family primarily as a venue for them to entertain guests, though a large portion was open to the general public. The gardens' design was influenced by the older Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir that were built by Shah Jahan's father, Emperor Jahangir. Unlike

neg: Chini Ka Rauza Chini Ka Rauza Chini ka Rauza is a funerary monument, "rauza" in Agra, India, containing the tomb of Allama Afzal Khan Mullah, a scholar and poet who was the Prime Minister of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The tomb was built in 1635. Chini ka Rauza is situated just 1 kilometer north of Itmad-Ud-Daulah Tomb, on the eastern bank of Yamuna river in Agra. The facade of the monument is also known its glazed tile work, called "kashi" or "chini" in Mughal era buildings. Also known as China Tomb, this is the mausoleum of Afzal Khan who was a Persian

neg: Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli) Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli) Zafar Mahal, in Mehrauli village, in South Delhi, India is considered the last monumental structure built as a summer palace during the fading years of the Mughal era. The building has two components namely, the Mahal or the palace, which was built first by Akbar Shah II in the 18th century, and the entrance gate that was reconstructed in the 19th century by Bahadur Shah Zafar II, popularly known as “Zafar” (the "nom de plume" of Bahadur Shah II) meaning ‘Victory’. It has a forlorn history because Bahadur Shah Zafar, who wished to be buried in the

neg: Black Taj Mahal Black Taj Mahal The Black Taj Mahal ("Black Taj", "Kaala Taj", also "the 2nd Taj") is a legendary black marble mausoleum that is said to have been planned to be built across the Yamuna River opposite the Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is said to have desired a mausoleum for himself similar to that of the one he had built in memory of his second wife, Mumtaz Mahal. A European traveller by the name of Jean Baptiste Tavernier who visited Agra in 1665 first mentioned the idea of Black Taj in his fanciful writings.

neg: Madhulika Liddle 1656 AD, following Muzaffar Jang's successful solving of the case of The Englishman's Cameo. These stories are set against varying backdrops, including the Imperial Atelier, a traditional Mughal garden, the sarai built by the Princess Jahanara in Delhi, and the Royal Elephant Stables. Included in the collection was the first Muzaffar Jang short story ("Murk of Art"), reprinted in this collection as "The Hand of an Artist". "Engraved in Stone", the third book in the series, is set in Agra. When a wealthy and influential merchant named Mumtaz Hassan is murdered, the Diwan-e-Kul, Mir Jumla (who is in Agra, en

neg: Moti Masjid (Red Fort) Moti Masjid (Red Fort) The Moti Masjid is a white marble mosque inside the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India. The name translates into English as "Pearl Mosque." Located to the west of the "Hammam" and close to the Diwan-e-Khas, it was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb from 1659-1660. The mosque was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb at the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India, from 1659-1660 for his 2nd wife Nawab Bai. The mosque was also used by the ladies of the Zenana. The mosque was constructed at a cost of Rs. 160,000. The prayer hall has

neg: Amer Fort of which is visible by a special way of partially hiding the panel with the hands. The garden, located between the Jai Mandir on the east and the Sukh Niwas on the west, both built on high platforms in the third courtyard, was built by Mirza Raja Jai Singh (1623–68). It is patterned on the lines of the Chahar Bagh or Mughal Garden. It is in sunken bed, shaped in a hexagonal design. It is laid out with narrow channels lined with marble around a star-shaped pool with a fountain at the centre. Water for the garden flows in cascades

neg: Alamgir II the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II in February 1757 and Ahmad Shah Durrani married Hazrat Begum the daughter of the former Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1757. in the year 1751, the Swedish East India Company was operating in Surat as a co-bellegerent of Alamgir II. It is believed that Alamgir II even tried to reconcile the English East India Company and the French East India Company before his death in 1759. The newly appointed Mughal Grand Vizier after Ahmad Shah Durrani's invasion was Najib-ud-Daula who consolidated the remains of the Mughal Empire by uniting distant Faujdars, Nawab's and Nizams into