query: when was the sound barrier broken for the first time

pos: Chuck Yeager pension fund. In August 2008, the California Court of Appeal ruled for Yeager, finding that his daughter Susan had breached her duty as trustee. Yeager and Victoria reside in Penn Valley, California, the location of the General Chuck Yeager Foundation, which supports programs that "teach the ideals by which General Yeager has lived." Chuck Yeager Charles Elwood Yeager (; born , 1923) is a former United States Air Force officer, flying ace, and record-setting test pilot. In 1947, he became the first pilot confirmed to have exceeded the speed of sound in level flight. Yeager's career began in World War

pos: Aerodynamics a shock wave, while Jakob Ackeret led the initial work of calculating the lift and drag of supersonic airfoils. Theodore von Kármán and Hugh Latimer Dryden introduced the term transonic to describe flow speeds around Mach 1 where drag increases rapidly. This rapid increase in drag led aerodynamicists and aviators to disagree on whether supersonic flight was achievable until the sound barrier was broken for the first time in 1947 using the Bell X-1 aircraft. By the time the sound barrier was broken, aerodynamicists' understanding of the subsonic and low supersonic flow had matured. The Cold War prompted the design

pos: Sound barrier utilized the information to initiate work on the Bell X-1. The final version of the Bell X-1 was very similar in design to the original Miles M.52 version. Also featuring the all-moving tail, the XS-1 was later known as the X-1. It was in the X-1 that Chuck Yeager was credited with being the first person to break the sound barrier in level flight on October 14, 1947, flying at an altitude of 45,000 ft (13.7 km). George Welch made a plausible but officially unverified claim to have broken the sound barrier on 1 October 1947, while flying an XP-86

pos: Critical Mach number the time, compressibility was the cause of the phenomenon known as the sound barrier. 1940s-era military subsonic aircraft, such as the Supermarine Spitfire, Bf 109, P-51 Mustang, Gloster Meteor, He 162, and P-80, have relatively thick, unswept wings, and are incapable of reaching Mach 1.0 in controlled flight. In 1947, Chuck Yeager flew the Bell X-1 (also with an unswept wing, but a much thinner one), reaching Mach 1.06 and beyond, and the sound barrier was finally broken. Early transonic military aircraft, such as the Hawker Hunter and F-86 Sabre, were designed to fly satisfactorily even at speeds greater than

pos: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) the defibrillator in 1947. 1947 Supersonic aircraft In aerodynamics, the sound barrier usually refers to the point at which an aircraft moves from transonic to supersonic speed. On October 14, 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight where the sound barrier was broken, piloted by Air Force Captain Chuck Yeager in the Bell X-1. 1947 Acrylic paint Acrylic paint is fast-drying paint containing pigment suspended in an acrylic polymer emulsion. The first acrylic paint was invented by Leonard Bocour and Sam

pos: The Sound Barrier a dive he made on 6 September 1948 in a DH 108. Contrary to what is depicted in the film, the first aircraft to break the sound barrier was the rocket-powered Bell X-1 flown by Chuck Yeager of the United States Air Force in 1947. As Yeager, who was present at the US premiere, described in his first biography, "The Sound Barrier" was entertaining, but not that realistic – and any pilot who attempted to break the sound barrier in the manner portrayed in the film (forcing the centre stick forward to pull out of a dive) would have been

pos: Chalmers Goodlin program was taken over by the United States Air Force after Goodlin demanded $150,000 and additionally demanded hazard pay for every minute spent over 0.85 Mach. The Bell program was also needlessly conservative, increasing speed by only 0.02 Mach per flight. Subsequently, the sound barrier was broken by Captain Chuck Yeager in 1947. Goodlin later denied ever making the demand for extra pay. Goodlin stated that he had made a deal with Bob Stanley of Bell to make the first supersonic flight before turning the plane over to the United States Air Force, but they wanted a man in uniform

pos: Hans Guido Mutke engines flamed out, and after the short period of smooth flight, the buffeting resumed and the aircraft began shaking violently again. He fought to regain control and re-light the engines eventually reducing the speed below 500 km/h. After a difficult landing, it was found that his plane was missing many rivets and also had distorted wings. At the time, Mutke did not understand the reasons for this strange behavior. Only after learning about the supersonic flights of Chuck Yeager in 1947 did he attribute these phenomena to the effects of supersonic flight and claim to have broken the sound barrier—years

pos: Compressible flow to the attainable speed of aircraft, commonly referred to as the "sound barrier." In truth, the barrier to supersonic flight was merely a technological one, although it was a stubborn barrier to overcome. Amongst other factors, conventional aerofoils saw a dramatic increase in drag coefficient when the flow approached the speed of sound. Overcoming the larger drag proved difficult with contemporary designs, thus the perception of a sound barrier. However, aircraft design progressed sufficiently to produce the Bell X-1. Piloted by Chuck Yeager, the X-1 officially achieved supersonic speed in October 1947. Historically, two parallel paths of research have been

pos: Sound barrier km/h or 1,125 ft/s). The term came into use during World War II when pilots of high-speed fighter aircraft experienced the effects of compressibility, a number of adverse aerodynamic effects that deterred further acceleration, seemingly impeding flight at speeds close to the speed of sound. These difficulties represented a barrier to flying at faster speeds. In 1947 it was demonstrated that safe flight at the speed of sound was achievable in purpose-designed aircraft thereby breaking the barrier. By the 1950s new designs of fighter aircraft routinely reached the speed of sound, and faster. Some common whips such as the bullwhip

pos: The Sound Barrier killed. Because the 1947 Bell X-1 flight had not been widely publicised, many who saw "The Sound Barrier" thought it was a true story, and that the first supersonic flight was made by a British pilot. Studio filming was completed at Shepperton Studios, but the flying sequences were filmed at Chilbolton Aerodrome, Nether Wallop, Hampshire, under the direction of Anthony Squire. A Vickers Valetta and Avro Lancaster bomber served as camera platforms for the aerial sequences. With the assistance of the British Aircraft Constructors Association, aircraft featured in "The Sound Barrier" were loaned by Vickers, de Havilland and other British

pos: Reaction Motors test pilot Geoffrey de Havilland Jr., the company eventually furnished the X-1 project with a design based upon four of Wyld's motors which would provide 1,500 pounds of thrust each. On October 14, 1947, American test pilot Chuck Yeager was the first in the world to break the sound barrier, piloting the X-1 with the four Reaction Motors, Inc. engines. Yeager was able to complete his flight safely due to the remarkably smooth flight provided by Wyld's system and despite the fact that he had broken several ribs while horse-riding the previous day. In early 1956, following an extensive bidding

neg: Happy Bottom Riding Club in the book and film "The Right Stuff", a tradition was started when Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in the Bell X-1 and Barnes provided him with a free steak dinner. After that, pilots were given a free steak dinner when they personally broke the sound barrier for the first time. Following Yeager's achievement, the sound barrier was broken frequently from Edwards AFB in the late 1940s and early 1950s with Barnes giving free dinners multiple times during the course of a week. Despite a friendship between Barnes and the military, relations grew sour after a change of command

neg: History of aerodynamics was also discussed. The sound barrier was broken using the Bell X-1 aircraft twelve years later, thanks in part to those individuals. By the time the sound barrier was broken, much of the subsonic and low supersonic aerodynamics knowledge had matured. The Cold War fueled an ever-evolving line of high performance aircraft. Computational fluid dynamics was started as an effort to solve for flow properties around complex objects and has rapidly grown to the point where entire aircraft can be designed using a computer, with wind-tunnel tests followed by flight tests to confirm the computer predictions. With some exceptions, the

neg: Handley Page Victor let the nose drop slightly at a high power setting. Allam noticed a cockpit indication of Mach 1.1 and ground observers from Watford to Banbury reported hearing a sonic boom. The Victor maintained stability throughout the event. Aviation author Andrew Brookes has claimed that Allam broke the sound barrier knowingly to demonstrate the Victor's superiority to the earlier V-bombers. The Victor was the largest aircraft to have broken the sound barrier at that time. The RAF required a higher ceiling for its bombers, and a number of proposals were considered for improved Victors to meet this demand. At first, Handley

neg: Sound barrier longest freefall after the 1960 jump of Joseph Kittinger for 4 minutes, 36 seconds. In October 2014, Alan Eustace, a senior vice president at Google, broke Baumgartner's record for highest sky-dive and also broke the sound barrier in the process. David Lean directed "The Sound Barrier", a fictionalized retelling of the de Havilland DH 108 test flights. Sound barrier The sound barrier or sonic barrier is the sudden increase in aerodynamic drag and other undesirable effects experienced by an aircraft or other object when it approaches the speed of sound. When aircraft first began to be able to reach close

neg: Sound barrier China Airlines 747 may have broken the sound barrier in an unplanned descent from 41,000 ft (12,500 m) to 9,500 ft (2,900 m) after an in-flight upset on 19 February 1985. It also reached over 5g. On January 12, 1948, a Northrop unmanned rocket sled became the first land vehicle to break the sound barrier. At a military test facility at Muroc Air Force Base (now Edwards AFB), California, it reached a peak speed of 1,019 mph (1,640 km/h) before jumping the rails. On October 15, 1997, in a vehicle designed and built by a team led by Richard Noble,

neg: Sound barrier Sound barrier The sound barrier or sonic barrier is the sudden increase in aerodynamic drag and other undesirable effects experienced by an aircraft or other object when it approaches the speed of sound. When aircraft first began to be able to reach close to the speed of sound, these effects were seen as constituting a barrier making faster speeds very difficult or impossible. The term "sound barrier" is still sometimes used today to refer to aircraft reaching supersonic flight. In dry air at 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound is 343 metres per second (about 767 mph, 1234

neg: The Sound Barrier The Sound Barrier The Sound Barrier (known in the United States, as Breaking Through the Sound Barrier and Breaking the Sound Barrier) is a 1952 British film directed by David Lean. It is a fictional story about attempts by aircraft designers and test pilots to break the sound barrier. It was David Lean's third and final film with his wife Ann Todd, but it was his first for Alexander Korda's London Films following the break-up of Cineguild. "The Sound Barrier" stars Ralph Richardson, Ann Todd, and Nigel Patrick. "The Sound Barrier" was a box-office success on first release, but it

neg: Andy Green Green was promoted to Wing Commander. He later became Officer Commanding Operations Wing at RAF Wittering near Peterborough. Green is also the captain of the RAF team at the Cresta Run, where he uses an experimental French toboggan. Green is the current holder of the World Land speed record, and the first person to break the sound barrier on land. On 25 September 1997 in ThrustSSC he beat the previous record in Black Rock Desert, US, reaching a speed of . On 15 October 1997, 50 years and 1 day after the sound barrier was broken in aerial flight by

neg: EWR VJ 101 hover, which opened an auxiliary air intake. On 10 April 1963, the "X-1" made its first hovering flight. On 20 September 1963, the first transition from hovering flight to horizontal flight took place. The "X-1" was first publicly exhibited at the May 1964 Hannover Air Show. The VJ 101C "X-1" flew a total of 40 aerodynamic flights, 24 hover flights and 14 full transitions. In the course of these tests, the sound barrier was broken for the first time by a vertical takeoff aircraft; however, on 14 September 1964, a defect in the autopilot caused the "X-1" to crash, sustaining

neg: Julie Power was supposed by her brother Alex on one occasion that she had broken the sound barrier. Julie gained the density powers previously held by her brother Jack for a time and operated under the name Molecula. She expanded upon her new powers by learning to create force fields and bubbles, the latter of which could be employed to cushion herself or others from falls. Julie also learned to make herself taller and larger without transforming into a cloud - though she still retained the same mass and would become tired when increasing her height and stature for long periods of

neg: Budweiser Rocket and the sound barrier as well — in 1997, with an average speed of 763.035 mph (1227.99 km/h) on a measured mile in both directions. Budweiser Rocket The Budweiser Rocket was an American 3-wheeled land vehicle, generally resembling the 1970-era "Blue Flame" land speed record holding vehicle in appearance, powered by a hybrid liquid and solid-fuel rocket engine with an extra booster from a Sidewinder missile, that has been claimed as being the first vehicle to have broken the sound barrier on land. The original forerunner to the vehicle was the "SMI Motivator" which was damaged badly enough to require

neg: Felix Baumgartner then world-record and falling a record distance of ; the altitude record was broken by Alan Eustace in 2014. Baumgartner also set the record for fastest speed of free fall at , making him the first human to break the sound barrier outside a vehicle. Baumgartner was in free fall for 4 minutes and 19 seconds, 17 seconds short of mentor Joseph Kittinger's 1960 jump. Baumgartner initially struggled with claustrophobia after spending time in the pressurized suit required for the jump, but overcame it with help from a sports psychologist and other specialists. In 2014, Baumgartner decided to join Audi

neg: Budweiser Rocket any particular time frame as required by most sanctioning bodies for official recognition of a new land speed record. No accurate measurement was taken of the car's speed, which was announced as having been calculated from radar tracking data along with accelerometer data which has not been made public. As a result, the Budweiser Rocket Car is not officially considered as the first vehicle to have broken the sound barrier on land, and few people believe the car to have actually done so. The British Thrust SSC is officially recognized by the FIA as breaking the land speed record —

neg: Sound barrier get them to operational speeds. It is possible that this produced supersonic performance as high as Mach 2, but this was not due solely to the engine itself. In contrast, the German V-2 ballistic missile routinely broke the sound barrier in flight, for the first time on 3 October 1942. By September 1944, V-2s routinely achieved Mach 4 (1,200 m/s, or 3044 mph) during terminal descent. In 1942, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Aviation began a top-secret project with Miles Aircraft to develop the world's first aircraft capable of breaking the sound barrier. The project resulted in the development of

neg: Division of Barrier Division of Barrier The Division of Barrier was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was created in 1900 and was one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It was named for the Barrier Range near the city of Broken Hill in western New South Wales. In 1901 it included Broken Hill, Wilcannia, White Cliffs and Tibooburra and the surrounding pastoral areas. In 1906 it gained Menindee, Wentworth from Riverina and in 1913 it gained Balranald and Deniliquin from Riverina. It was abolished in 1922 with Broken Hill, Wentworth and Balranald being

neg: The Sound Barrier the United States, making a comfortable profit. The film has been released on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray. With this film, Ralph Richardson became the first actor to win the New York Film Critics Award for Best Actor who did not receive an Oscar nomination. The Sound Barrier The Sound Barrier (known in the United States, as Breaking Through the Sound Barrier and Breaking the Sound Barrier) is a 1952 British film directed by David Lean. It is a fictional story about attempts by aircraft designers and test pilots to break the sound barrier. It was David Lean's third and final

neg: Budweiser Rocket Budweiser Rocket The Budweiser Rocket was an American 3-wheeled land vehicle, generally resembling the 1970-era "Blue Flame" land speed record holding vehicle in appearance, powered by a hybrid liquid and solid-fuel rocket engine with an extra booster from a Sidewinder missile, that has been claimed as being the first vehicle to have broken the sound barrier on land. The original forerunner to the vehicle was the "SMI Motivator" which was damaged badly enough to require a replacement, which in time was called the "Budweiser Rocket". The vehicle, like its predecessor, was owned by film director Hal Needham, driven by Stan

neg: John Derry test pilot, working largely on the de Havilland DH 108 aircraft. He is widely believed to have exceeded the speed of sound on 6 September 1948, when he lost control of his aircraft and the Mach meter supposedly 'briefly showed' supersonic speeds in a shallow dive from 12,195 m (40,000 ft) to 9,145 m (30,000 ft). Despite lack of substantial evidence (the recording apparatus was switched off during the flight), the news was promoted by the British press as having broken the sound barrier. Also in 1948, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club. Tom Wolfe's

neg: Underlay carpet wear and provide sound and thermal insulation. Underlay for timber floors is typically 3mm closed cell plastic foam. This primarily provides sound insulation and a vapour barrier. A watertight vapour barrier should only be used though, when neither condensation from humid air coming from beneath nor water spillage coming from above are to be expected. Especially if there is spillage it will otherwise take a much longer time for the moisture to disperse and evaporate if it is prevented by the barrier from seeping through the wooden flooring. This might make it necessary to raise the temperature of the

neg: The Barrier Miner The Barrier Miner The Barrier Miner was a daily English language broadsheet newspaper published in Broken Hill in far western New South Wales from 1888 to 1974. First published on 28 February 1888, "The Barrier Miner" was published continuously until 25 November 1974. Copies are available on microfilm and online via Trove Digitised Newspapers. The paper was revived briefly in 2005; an index to births deaths and marriages has been prepared which also notes additional publication dates between 16 December 2005 and 31 July 2008. The paper closed down for a second time in 2008 with the managing director, Margaret

neg: Broken Barrier Broken Barrier Broken Barrier is a 1952 New Zealand film. It was directed and produced by John O'Shea (director) and Roger Mirams, and written by O'Shea. It starred Kay Ngarimu and Terence Bayler, and also featured Myra Hapi Smith, Bill Merito and George Ormond. The film is about the relationship between Tom Sullivan, a Pākehā journalist, and Rawi, a Māori woman. Sullivan meets Rawi while researching articles on rural Māori life, and he stays for a time with Rawi's family. Rawi's family disapproves of her relationship with a Pākehā man, ending in a quarrel. Later, however, the two are re-united

neg: Sound barrier April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo-reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J. R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over- revving damaged the engine. In the 1990s, Hans Guido Mutke claimed to have broken the sound barrier on 9 April 1945 in the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet aircraft. He states that his ASI pegged itself at . Mutke reported not

neg: 1956 Irish Greyhound Derby Mrs McBride at the Shelbourne sales. On 21 July Keep Moving bettered his own record by recording 29.40 in the first round. Then in heat three of the first round, a brindle dog called Prince of Bermuda was fast away and gained an easy victory; when the time was announced as 28.98 the Irish greyhound world was left stunned. The 29 second barrier had been broken for the first time. Both of the greyhounds won their second round heats with Prince of Bermuda posting 29.20. In the semi-finals the pair met in the same heat with Prince of Bermuda defeating

neg: Collinwood Mansion world. In that other Collinwood, the room was the private quarters of Angelique, who was the first wife of Quentin (the lord of the manor in this reality) and mother of Daniel (David). The inhabitants of that other reality were unaware that they were being observed (although Angelique and a few other Parallel Time characters saw into the “normal time” counterpart room occasionally). An invisible barrier usually kept the two worlds separate, but Barnabas and Julia were both able to pierce it. When a fire destroyed the Parallel Time Collinwood, the gateway to that other world was (presumably) broken for

neg: Wind gradient roadway noise and aircraft noise, and must be considered in the design of noise barriers. When wind speed increases with altitude, wind blowing towards the listener from the source will refract sound waves downwards, resulting in increased noise levels downwind of the barrier. These effects were first quantified in the field of highway engineering to address variations of noise barrier efficacy in the 1960s. When the sun warms the Earth's surface, there is a negative temperature gradient in atmosphere. The speed of sound decreases with decreasing temperature, so this also creates a negative sound speed gradient. The sound wave front

neg: Sound barrier a physical "wall", which supersonic aircraft needed to "break" with a sharp needle nose on the front of the fuselage. Rocketry and artillery experts' products routinely exceeded Mach 1, but aircraft designers and aerodynamic engineers during and after World War II discussed Mach 0.7 as a limit dangerous to exceed. During WWII and immediately thereafter, a number of claims were made that the sound barrier had been broken in a dive. The majority of these purported events can be dismissed as instrumentation errors. The typical airspeed indicator (ASI) uses air pressure differences between two or more points on the aircraft,

neg: John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences growth of UND’s atmospheric research and aviation education programs. In 1997, as part of a 30th anniversary celebration, the school took on its present name in honor of its founder. The founder of the aviation program at UND, John D. Odegard, logged over 10,000 hours of flight time in his life and was licensed for commercial flight and instrument operations. He was type-rated in Cessna Citations, Learjet, and Beechjet, as well as being a certificated flight instructor (CFI) and certified examiner for commercial, instrument, tailwheel, multiengine, and Citation type-ratings. Having broken the sound barrier in the Concorde (as a passenger)

neg: Lina Kačiušytė she was ready for the 1978 World Championships of Berlin. She surprised everyone by winning the 200 m breaststroke and setting two world records: one in the prelims, defeating world record holder and teammate Yuliya Bogdanova, the second when winning the gold medal in the finals. She set the world record a third time the following year at the USSR vs. DDR Dual Meet in Potsdam, a record that stood from 1979 through 1985 when it was finally broken by East Germany's Silke Hörner. Lina was the first female breaststroke swimmer to go under the 2 minute 30 second barrier

neg: Crescent wing a Victor had performed several loops and a barrel roll during practices for a display flight at Farnborough Airshow. The Victor was designed for flight at high subsonic speeds, although multiple instances have occurred in which the sound barrier was broken. Crescent wing The crescent wing is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration in which a swept wing has a greater sweep angle on the inboard section than the outboard, giving the wing a crescent shape. The planform attempts to reduce several unpleasant side-effects of the swept wing design, notably its tendency to "pitch-up", sometimes violently, when it nears a stall. As

neg: BACS setting of another new record, with 103 million transactions processed in a single day in July, the first time the daily total had surpassed the 100 million mark. In the same year it was announced that the number of payments handled by Bacs since 1968 had broken the 110 billion mark. The records continued to fall in 2016 with 6.22 billion transactions processed at a value of £4.8 trillion, while the number of payments made by Direct Debit broke the 4 billion barrier for the first time. The daily processing record was also broken twice in the same year, with

neg: Jochem Uytdehaage the 10,000 meter was 12:58.92, the first time a skater broke the 13-minute barrier on this distance, and this world record stood for three years, until it was broken by Carl Verheijen and Chad Hedrick. His 5,000 meter time of 6:14.66 was also a world record. Uytdehaage led the long track speed skating Adelskalender from 2001 until 13 November 2005, when Chad Hedrick (US) overtook him. In December 2005, at the Dutch Olympic Trials in Heerenveen, Uytdehaage failed to qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. Source: www.isu.org Jochem Uytdehaage Jochem Simon Uytdehaage (born 9 July 1976) is a

neg: The Barrier Miner McBride stating that "...due to commercial reasons the paper would no longer service Broken Hill and the region..." "The Barrier Miner" served the growing mining community of Broken Hill, when the area was found to have lead ore and traces of silver. It was not until late 1884 or early 1885 that rich quantities of silver were found and the Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) was floated to mine the leases. The newspaper was published by Henry Fenton, Augustus Sydney Knight and George Alfred Mills and was distributed to Broken Hill, Tibooburra, White Cliffs, Wilcannia, Menindee, Ivanhoe. It was edited

neg: Sound barrier Royal Air Force pilot Andy Green became the first person to break the sound barrier in a land vehicle in compliance with Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile rules. The vehicle, called the ThrustSSC ("Super Sonic Car"), captured the record 50 years and one day after Yeager's first supersonic flight. In October 2012 Felix Baumgartner, with a team of scientists and sponsor Red Bull, attempted the highest sky-dive on record. The project would see Baumgartner attempt to jump 120,000 ft (36,580 m) from a helium balloon and become the first parachutist to break the sound barrier. The launch was scheduled for October

neg: 1978 Indianapolis 500 500-mile Indy car races. Second year driver Janet Guthrie finished ninth, and it was later revealed she drove with a broken wrist. It was the highest finish for a female driver in Indy history until Danica Patrick in 2005. During time trials, Tom Sneva, who had broken the 200 mph barrier a year earlier, bettered his own record. This time he managed to complete all four qualifying laps over 200 mph, setting once again new one and four lap records. Tony Hulman, the popular owner and president of the track since 1945, died the previous October. For the first time,

neg: Barrier Industrial Council Barrier Industrial Council The Barrier Industrial Council is the trades and labour council for the isolated mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It was formed in 1923 by eighteen unions and grew to be one of the most influential forces in the politics of the city of Broken Hill in the late twentieth century. It also owns Broken Hill's only newspaper, the "Barrier Daily Truth". The town of Broken Hill has had a turbulent industrial history since its formation, with the harsh working conditions in the mines forging a strong culture of union militancy. By 1890 nearly

neg: Robotica their own two legs of the diamond and then return through the opponent's rubble field before climbing a ramp up to the Forest of Glass in the center of the diamond. When all the glass strips were broken, a final glass sheet lowered as the final challenge. Scoring was 10 points for each barrier, 5 points for each rubble wall, 10 points for first up the ramp, 5 points for second up the ramp, 15 points for the final glass pane. This challenge had 150 total points available and a three-minute time limit. The former two-path Maze was now a

neg: Sound barrier 1970s, both were later retired without being replaced by similar designs. The last flight of a Concorde in service was in 2003. Although Concorde and the Tu-144 were the first aircraft to carry commercial passengers at supersonic speeds, they were not the first or only commercial airliners to break the sound barrier. On 21 August 1961, a Douglas DC-8 broke the sound barrier at Mach 1.012 or 1,240 km/h (776.2 mph) while in a controlled dive through 41,088 feet (12,510 m). The purpose of the flight was to collect data on a new design of leading-edge for the wing. A

neg: Annetta Grodner Annetta Grodner Annetta Grodner (or Gradner) was a Ukrainian Jewish singer and actress, the first "prima donna" in Yiddish theater. The daughter of a bootmaker in Kremenchuk, Ukraine, she met and married Israel Grodner some time around 1870, when he passed through Kremenchuk in the course of his wanderings as a young Broder singer. Her husband was recruited by Abraham Goldfaden as the first professional Yiddish-language stage actor, but initially Yiddish theater was an entirely male affair. The gender barrier was broken by the teenaged Sara Segal, later famous under the name Sophie Karp. However, Annetta Grodner was the first

neg: Ejection seat a pusher propeller located at the aft end of the fuselage presenting a hazard to a normal "bailout" escape — and a few late-war prototype aircraft were also fitted with ejection seats. After World War II, the need for such systems became pressing, as aircraft speeds were getting ever higher, and it was not long before the sound barrier was broken. Manual escape at such speeds would be impossible. The United States Army Air Forces experimented with downward-ejecting systems operated by a spring, but it was the work of James Martin and his company Martin-Baker that proved crucial. The first

neg: Sound barrier Allied forces and extensively studied. Dittmar had been officially recorded at 1,004.5 km/h (623.8 mph) in level flight on 2 October 1941 in the prototype Me 163A V4. He reached this speed at less than full throttle, as he was concerned by the transonic buffeting. Dittmar himself does not make a claim that he broke the sound barrier on that flight, and notes that the speed was recorded only on the AIS. He does, however, take credit for being the first pilot to "knock on the sound barrier." The Luftwaffe test pilot Lothar Sieber (April 7, 1922 – March 1,

neg: Jacqueline Auriol pilot's license in 1948 and became an accomplished stunt flier and test pilot. Jacqueline was severely injured in a crash of a SCAN 30 in which she was a passenger in 1949—many of the bones in her face were broken—and spent nearly three years in hospitals undergoing 33 reconstructive operations. To occupy her mind she studied algebra, trigonometry, aerodynamics, and other subjects necessary to obtain advanced pilot certification. She earned a military pilot license in 1950 then qualified as one of the first female test pilots. She was among the first women to break the sound barrier and set five

neg: F1 in Schools was set in 2016 by Infinitude and is 0.916 seconds. This time was set using a Launch Energy Recovery System (LERS), which has since been banned. Union Racing International were the first team to beat the one second barrier and set a new World Record at the World Finals 2015 in Singapore of 0.977 seconds. However, one year later Infinitude from Australia broke the world record with a time of 0.916 seconds. The other teams to have broken the 1 second barrier were XLR8 from India (0.918 s), Infinite Racing from Greece, Fast Payce from Australia and Aeolus Racing from

neg: Barrier Daily Truth for the proprietor Nicholas James Buzacott from 1898 to 1908. Initially it was printed in Adelaide until 10 September 1898 and it began to be printed locally in Broken Hill. In 1899 the news sheet format was abandoned in favour of a proper newspaper, and in July 1899 the newspaper became owned by the Barrier District Australasian Labor Federation and was published by William Arthur Jones. At this time it became the official organ of the Barrier District Council of the Australian Labor Federation. Later the owner became the Barrier Industrial Council. Between 1899 and 1902 the paper published very

neg: Yuri Gagarin was flying a helicopter in the same area that day when he heard "two loud booms in the distance." Corroborating other theories, his conclusion is that a Sukhoi jet (which he identifies as a Su-15 'Flagon') was flying below its minimum allowed altitude, and "without realizing it because of the terrible weather conditions, he passed within 10 or 20 meters of Yuri and Seregin's plane while breaking the sound barrier." The resulting turbulence would have sent the MiG into an uncontrolled spin. Leonov believes the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier, and the

neg: Noise barrier for noise barriers each year. As of 2006, this technology is considered a standard in the evaluation of noise pollution from highways. The nature and accuracy of the computer models used is nearly identical to the original 1970s versions of the technology. The acoustical science of noise barrier design is based upon treating an airway or railway as a line source. The theory is based upon blockage of sound ray travel toward a particular receptor; however, diffraction of sound must be addressed. Sound waves bend (downward) when they pass an edge, such as the apex of a noise barrier. Barriers

neg: Propfan reduce fuel consumption and associated CO emissions by 30% compared with current CFM56 turbofans. Turboprops have an optimum speed below about 450 mph (700 km/h), because all propellers lose efficiency at high speed, due to an effect known as wave drag that occurs just below supersonic speeds. This powerful form of drag has a sudden onset, and led to the concept of a sound barrier when it was first encountered in the 1940s. In the case of a propeller, this effect can happen any time the propeller is spun fast enough that the blade tips approach the speed of sound,

neg: Asafa Powell Asafa Powell Asafa Powell, CD (born 23 November 1982) is a Jamaican sprinter who specialises in the 100 metres. He held the 100 metres world record between June 2005 and May 2008, with times of 9.77 and 9.74 seconds. Powell has consistently broken the 10-second barrier in competition, with his personal best of 9.72 s ranks fourth on the all-time list of male 100 metre athletes. As of 1 September 2016, Powell has broken the ten-second barrier more times than anyone else – 97 times. He currently holds the world record for the 100 yard dash, with a time of

neg: Beyond the Sound Barrier Beyond the Sound Barrier Beyond the Sound Barrier is a live album by saxophonist Wayne Shorter released on Verve Records in 2005. The album was recorded from November 2002 to April 2004 in Europe, America, and Asia and features the 'Footprints Quartet' of Shorter, Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, and Brian Blade. "Beyond the Sound Barrier" received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album. Two pieces, "Joy Ryder" and "Over Shadow Hill Way", are markedly different versions of tunes featured on Shorter's synth-heavy electronic album from 1988, "Joy Ryder". Nate Chinan of "Jazz Times" wrote "Beyond the Sound Barrier

neg: Anna María Sveinsdóttir Anna María Sveinsdóttir Anna María Sveinsdóttir (born November 22, 1969) is an Icelandic former basketball player and coach. She won eleven Icelandic championships and eleven Icelandic basketball cups, and is regarded as one of the best women's players in Icelandic basketball history. She was the first player to break the 5000 points barrier in Úrvalsdeild kvenna and finished her career as its all-time leading scorer with 5001 points in 324 games. The scoring record stood until April 23, 2013, when it was broken by Birna Valgarðsdóttir. Anna María served as a player-coach for four seasons with Keflavík, accumulating a 56-20

neg: Broken Hill Hill is regarded as part of South Australia for the purposes of postal parcels rates, and telephone charges. Broken Hill also used to be a break of gauge station where the state railway systems of South Australia and New South Wales met. Broken Hill is Australia's longest-lived mining city. In 1844, the explorer Charles Sturt saw and named the Barrier Range, and at the time referred to a "Broken Hill" in his diary. Silver ore was later discovered on this broken hill in 1883 by a boundary rider named Charles Rasp. The "broken hill" that gave its name to Broken

neg: Division of Barrier transferred to Darling and Deniliquin transferred to Riverina. It was a very safe seat for the Australian Labor Party, although both its members left the ALP at the end their terms: Josiah Thomas to join the Nationalists, and Michael Considine (a radical socialist) to sit as an independent. Division of Barrier The Division of Barrier was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was created in 1900 and was one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It was named for the Barrier Range near the city of Broken Hill in western New

neg: 1982 James Hardie 1000 the Up to 1600cc class. In official qualifying, Re-Car team owner and driver Alan Browne put up a $5,000 reward for the first Touring Car driver to break the 100 mph average lap barrier. The favourite to win the money was the Bathurst pole winner of the past two years, Kevin Bartlett in his V8 Chevrolet Camaro Z28. However, when his co-driver Colin Bond crashed the car due to a tyre blowout, the subsequent repairs put the Camaro's preparation a day behind and its chance was gone. The Holden Dealer Team had announced Peter Brock to have broken the barrier

neg: Broken Hill Football League Broken Hill Football League The Broken Hill Football League (BHFL) is an Australian rules football competition based in the Broken Hill region of New South Wales, Australia. Although located in the state of New South Wales the league is an affiliated member of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). The Broken Hill Football League is in the Murray Mallee Barrier Zone in the South Australian Country Football Championships. There was no premiership awarded in 1925, when Central Broken Hill did not take to the field for the second half of the Grand Final against West Broken Hill, claiming that

neg: Argentine Naval Aviation Army tanks in defense of the Navy base of Punta Indio. A great change came into effect when the Navy received its first aircraft carrier, , in 1959. At the time, her aircraft inventory included the F4U Corsair, SNJ-5Cs Texan and Grumman S2F-1 (S-2A) Trackers. The Navy also had F9F Panther and F9F Cougar jets but the carrier was not suitable for operating them, although they were embarked on the carrier during their delivery voyage from the United States to Argentina. The Cougar was the first jet to break the sound barrier in Argentina. These jets would be involved in

neg: Steer roping Steer roping Steer roping, also known as steer tripping or steer jerking, is a rodeo event that features a steer and one mounted cowboy. The steer roper starts behind a "barrier" - a taut rope fastened with an easily broken string which is fastened lightly to the steer. When the roper calls for the steer, the chute man trips a lever, opening the doors. The steer breaks out running. When the steer reaches the end of the tether, the string breaks, releasing the barrier for the horse and roper. Should the roper break the barrier, a 10-second penalty is added

neg: Occult Crimes Taskforce spell was a temporary solution at best. When Minuit made his offer the Wappingers saw it as an opportunity to avenge themselves for the injustices they suffered at the hands of the early settlers. Things remained peaceful on Manhattan for nearly two centuries, but eventually the Wappinger’s barrier dissolved and conflict arose. Those closest to the extant center suffered the worst casualties. Those living farther out saw their lives minimally effected. The OCT was created shortly after the barrier breach as a means of minimizing MERlin contamination and protecting citizens. With the barrier broken and magical energies once again flowing

neg: 10-second barrier in 9.9 s, rounded down from his FAT of 9.95, making it the first non-wind-assisted electronic sub-10-second performance. By 1976, six other men had equalled the 9.9 s hand-timed record, though none of their performances had an FAT mark. After the 1977 rule change, Jim Hines' nine-year-old 9.95 was the only recognised sub-10-second race. That year the barrier was broken again, when Silvio Leonard ran 9.98 seconds on 11 August 1977. Both of these marks were recorded at a high altitude, which aids performance due to lower air resistance. Carl Lewis was the first sprinter to break ten seconds at

neg: 10-second barrier seconds in 1999. Usain Bolt surpassed 9.70 seconds in 2008 and 9.60 in 2009. The 10-second barrier has been broken by athletes from five of the six continental athletic associations, the exception being of South America where Brazilian Robson da Silva holds the area record with ten seconds flat. The 2008 season saw a new high for sub-10 second performances: 14 runners achieved the feat a total of 53 times between them, the highest ever for either figure. Furthermore, ten men had achieved the result for the first time in that year – another record. The men's 100 metres final

neg: Queen of Hearts (Once Upon a Time) him to another part of the Enchanted Forest to erect a magical barrier that will protect them from the curse. Cora explains that the curse is destined to be broken after 28 years, during which they will be frozen. Once the curse is broken, Cora will reconcile with her daughter, who will be distraught over her defeat, and "help her pick up the pieces." Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), Aurora (Sarah Bolger), and Mulan (Jamie Chung) reach Rumplestiltskin's cell, and Emma learns for the first time that he knew beforehand that she would be the savior. They

neg: Fluvio-thermal erosion first is the breakup of the ice and the second is the flooding. Over the course of just a few days in May or June, water discharge can increase by 10x its velocity. The force of the water causes the ice sitting on top of the river to break apart, and these broken pieces are thrust up onto the riverbanks, sometimes forming an ice barrier that as high as 10m tall that will protect the banks from erosion for a short time. However, as the flood continues, the warmth and mechanical energy from the water melts the ice barrier, giving

neg: Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master with Alenia Aermacchi at the FIDAE air show. On 10 April 2008, a further prototype, produced in the final configuration (new landing gear and air brake, more composite parts), was rolled out. On 18 December 2008, Aermacchi announced that the M-346 had attained a maximum speed of Mach 1.15 (1,255 km/h, 678 knots, 780 mph), claiming the occasion to be the first in which an all-Italian built aircraft had broken the sound barrier in 50 years. In May 2008, Boeing signed a Memorandum of Understanding to cooperate on the marketing, sales, training and support of two Aermacchi trainer aircraft, the

neg: Puget Sound mosquito fleet Walker" also carried freight and passengers; in those days on the sound, no firm distinction was necessarily drawn between steam tugs and other steam-driven craft. "Eliza Anderson" was still dominating the main route on the sound at the time, which was the Olympia to Victoria run. Slow but cheap to operate, the "Eliza" bested all competitors, including "Josie McNear", "New World", and the oddly designed (as a result of her steeple engine) "Wilson G. Hunt" The "Eliza"'s monopoly on the main route was broken in 1869, when first she was taken off the main route. Her owners led by Captain

neg: Sound Barrier Sound Barrier Sound Barrier is a pioneering all-black heavy metal quartet from Los Angeles, CA, whose members have also recorded and toured with acts such as Masi, Total Eclipse, Mother's Finest and Fishbone. Formed in 1980 after vocalist Bernie K. and guitarist Spacey T. met while playing in a R&B funk band, Sound Barrier was most notable for the fact that, as a heavy metal band specializing in what was widely perceived to be a "white-dominated" genre, all four original members were African American, which gained them significant publicity but did not result in commercial success. They were signed by

neg: Electronic music sound of emerging progressive rock with bands including Pink Floyd, Yes, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, and Genesis making them part of their sound. Gershon Kingsleys Popcorn was the first international electronic dance hit in 1969. Instrumental prog rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream, Can, and Faust to circumvent the language barrier. Their synthesiser-heavy "krautrock", along with the work of Brian Eno (for a time the keyboard player with Roxy Music), would be a major influence on subsequent electronic rock. Ambient dub was pioneered by King Tubby and other Jamaican sound artists, using DJ-inspired

neg: Sydney Siame Sydney Siame Sydney Siame (born 7 October 1997) is a Zambian sprinter. He competed in the 200 metres at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing without advancing from the first round. In addition, he won a gold medal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. A run of 9.88 seconds was recorded for the 100 m in Lusaka in 2017, but Siame's time was excluded from the global lists on the basis of doubtful timing. This would have been the first time a Zambian had broken the 10-second barrier and a highly unusual improvement of 0.34 seconds for the athlete. Disqualified

neg: Broken Barrier in the city, where Rawi goes to work as a nurse. The two resume their romance, but this time meet with opposition from Sullivan's family and friends, who do not wish him to be involved with a Māori woman. Sullivan eventually comes to agree with their views, and the couple separate once again. Sullivan has a change of heart, however, when he is saved from a fire by a Māori friend's sacrifice. Sullivan and Rawi are reunited. The film was the first real attempt at a feature film to be produced in New Zealand since the end of World War

neg: Barrier Ranges name of the Barrier Highway and various local organisations in Broken Hill including the word 'barrier', are derived from the name of this range. In 1844, during his third and final expedition, Charles Sturt named the range Stanley's Barrier Range in honour of Lord Stanley. Barrier Ranges The Barrier Ranges or sometimes the Barrier Range and historically the Stanley's Barrier Range, is a mountain range that comprises a series of hills and higher grounds in the far western region of New South Wales, Australia, surrounding the city of Broken Hill. The Barrier Ranges comprise the whole system of ranges and

neg: The Sound of His Horn him released into the forest to be hunted. Querdillon plans to escape by tunnelling under the barrier that surrounds the estate. He also meets one of the bird-women, Kit, who helps him. Eventually, Querdillon and Kit are hunted down by the Count, but Kit sacrifices herself to draw the leopard-woman pack onto the barrier, killing them. When the barrier is turned off to retrieve the bodies, Querdillon slips across and returns to 1943. The book's title is from an 18th-century song about the "gentleman farmer" John Peel, a famous fox hunter in his time. Here, the title is given a

neg: Wrestle Kingdom 9 five stars, with Caldwell stating, "There's nothing better in the industry than these two on a big stage in a big-time main event. Just the world's best." According to Garrett Martin of the magazine "Paste", Wrestle Kingdom 9 "easily could wind up being the best [wrestling show of the year] when the year is done". He praised Jim Ross, whose "timeless voice cut through the language barrier" for American wrestling fans, and likened his commentary to "reading the first English translation of Homer." Martin commented on the ending of the show, stating that a "broken Kazuchika Okada shambling tearfully back

neg: Wind power in France of 1,682 MW, Picardie with 1,502 MW, Centre with 872 MW and Bretagne with 836 MW. 2006 Installed capacitiy rises above 1 GW for the first time during the year, it is to be another 9 years before the 10 GW barrier is broken. 2001 The French government initially planned to produce 21% of its electricity consumption with renewable energy in 2010 to comply with European directive 2001/77/CE of 27 September 2001. This means that France had to produce 106 TWh of renewable energy in 2010 when it only produced 71 TWh in 2006. Wind power represents 75% of the

neg: Ian Cammish Ian Cammish Ian Scott Cammish (born 1 October 1956) is an English time trial cyclist. He dominated British time trialling in the 1980s, holding the Road Time Trials Council’s British Best All-Rounder for nine years – 1980 to 1985 consecutively (still the longest unbroken string of wins) and 1987 to 1989 consecutively. Cammish has won and broken over 50 National Championships and Records including nine times National 100 miles champion and four times National 50 miles champion. He was the first rider to break the 30 mph barrier for an out and back 50 mile time trial (1983 with 1

neg: 5 Broken Cameras "5 Broken Cameras" was nominated for Best Documentary Feature in the 85th Academy Awards, and for the Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Documentary of 2012. 5 Broken Cameras 5 Broken Cameras ( "Khamas Kamīrāt Muḥaṭṭamah"; "Hamesh Matslemot Shvurot") is a 94-minute documentary film co-directed by Palestinian Emad Burnat and Israeli Guy Davidi. It was shown at film festivals in 2011 and placed in general release by Kino Lorber in 2012. "5 Broken Cameras" is a first-hand account of protests in Bil'in, a West Bank village affected by the Israeli West Bank barrier. The documentary was shot almost entirely by

neg: Beyond the Sound Barrier of grace." All compositions by Wayne Shorter except where noted. Beyond the Sound Barrier Beyond the Sound Barrier is a live album by saxophonist Wayne Shorter released on Verve Records in 2005. The album was recorded from November 2002 to April 2004 in Europe, America, and Asia and features the 'Footprints Quartet' of Shorter, Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, and Brian Blade. "Beyond the Sound Barrier" received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album. Two pieces, "Joy Ryder" and "Over Shadow Hill Way", are markedly different versions of tunes featured on Shorter's synth-heavy electronic album from 1988, "Joy Ryder".

neg: BlazBlue: Calamity Trigger leaving them open for attack. The second type of block is a Barrier Block, which is initiated by blocking while holding the "A" and "B" buttons at the same time. A Barrier Block cannot be broken like a normal guard, but there is a limit on how long one can be held, which is indicated by the Barrier Gauge. If the Barrier Gauge empties, then the player will receive 150% damage until it regenerates to half-full. A form of an advanced tactic is the "Rapid Cancel". These can be done after any attack to instantly cancel the character sprite's animation

neg: Sydney Siame in the semifinals Disqualified in the final Outdoor Sydney Siame Sydney Siame (born 7 October 1997) is a Zambian sprinter. He competed in the 200 metres at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing without advancing from the first round. In addition, he won a gold medal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. A run of 9.88 seconds was recorded for the 100 m in Lusaka in 2017, but Siame's time was excluded from the global lists on the basis of doubtful timing. This would have been the first time a Zambian had broken the 10-second barrier and a highly unusual

neg: Broken Barrier II and was filmed on a shoestring budget, and as such was fairly rudimentary and naive, yet was also important at re-establishing the New Zealand film industry. The film addresses mistrust and prejudice between Pākehā and Māori in New Zealand, portraying a romance between a Pākehā man and a Māori woman. The film was somewhat controversial at its release. Broken Barrier Broken Barrier is a 1952 New Zealand film. It was directed and produced by John O'Shea (director) and Roger Mirams, and written by O'Shea. It starred Kay Ngarimu and Terence Bayler, and also featured Myra Hapi Smith, Bill Merito

neg: Barrier Ranges Barrier Ranges The Barrier Ranges or sometimes the Barrier Range and historically the Stanley's Barrier Range, is a mountain range that comprises a series of hills and higher grounds in the far western region of New South Wales, Australia, surrounding the city of Broken Hill. The Barrier Ranges comprise the whole system of ranges and ridges associated with the main watershed named the Main Barrier Range - including Coko Range, Floods Range, Slate Range, Robe Range, Mundi Mundi Range, Coonbaralba Range and Mount Darling Range. The city of Broken Hill lies within these ranges. The ranges is oriented in a

neg: Sound barrier thin swept wings, the area rule, and engines of ever-increasing performance. By the 1950s, many combat aircraft could routinely break the sound barrier in level flight, although they often suffered from control problems when doing so, such as Mach tuck. Modern aircraft can transit the "barrier" without control problems. By the late 1950s, the issue was so well understood that many companies started investing in the development of supersonic airliners, or SSTs, believing that to be the next "natural" step in airliner evolution. However, this has not yet happened. Although the Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144 entered service in the

neg: Yuzuru Hanyu Yuzuru Hanyu Regarded as one of the greatest, if not the greatest figure skater in history, Hanyu has broken world records sixteen times - the most times among singles skaters since the introduction of the ISU Judging System in 2004. He holds the current world records for the short program, free skating and combined total scores in addition to the historical world records for all three segments for the era before the 2018-19 season. He is the first man to have broken the 100-point barrier in the men's short program, the 200-point barrier in the men's free skating, and the

neg: Wonders of the Universe Aboard a Hawker Hunter he easily breaks the sound barrier, but a speed of light was not first considered until the time of Ole Rømer in the 1670s. Cox then explains how the limitations of the light barrier allow scientists to measure distance and time with accuracy, and to peer back into the distant corners of the universe's creation. In 2003-2004 the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field captured images of galaxies 13 billion light-years distant, and a rainbow over the Victoria Falls in Zambia reveals a red-blue spectrum. The stretched "Invisible light" of the Big Bang is also discussed as part of

neg: Hal Needham have broken the sound barrier in 1979 have been heavily disputed. In the 1980s he was best known as the owner for the Harry Gant Skoal Bandit #33 car driven in the Winston Cup Series. Needham received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards. In 2012 he was awarded a Governors Award by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, where he was introduced by Quentin Tarantino. He died in 2013 at the age of 82 shortly after being diagnosed with cancer. Hal Needham Hal Brett Needham (March 6, 1931 – October 25, 2013) was an

neg: Handley Page Victor landing without any command or intervention by the pilot. The Victor has been described as an agile aircraft, atypical for a large bomber aircraft; in 1958, a Victor had performed several loops and a barrel roll during practices for a display flight at Farnborough Airshow. Manoeuvrability was greatly enabled by the light controls, quick response of the aircraft, and the design of certain flight surfaces such as the infinitely-variable tail-mounted airbrake. The Victor was designed for flight at high subsonic speeds, although multiple instances have occurred in which the sound barrier was broken. During development of the Victor B.2, the

neg: Einar Enevoldson 15, 20, 25 km — which have since been broken). He may also hold the record for longest time between record flights — 48 years. While working in Germany with the DLR he developed the meteorological basis for the Perlan Project. The theory, briefly, posits that the coincidence of the stratospheric polar night jet and the polar jet stream, when occurring over a mountain barrier, creates the necessary conditions for the amplification of standing mountain waves through the tropopause, in accordance with the Eliassen-Palm theorem. Enevoldson initiated a search for funding for the project. When balloonist and adventurer Steve Fossett

neg: 1972 24 Hours of Le Mans be substituted by Marko, only for them to retire soon after when the replacement clutch packed up. Ninety minutes later the Alfa of Stommelen/Galli also retired with a broken differential, leaving the last Alfa Romeo running in fourth. It started raining again at 10.30am. The Weigel 907 hit the barrier at the Dunlop Curve while running 7th. Cevert and Ganley lost time in the pits fixing wet electrics. Then just before noon, as the rain got heavier, Ganley was going slowly down the Mulsanne Straight when he was hit from behind by the Corvette of Marie-Claude Beaumont. He made it

neg: First-hitting-time model First-hitting-time model Events are often triggered when a stochastic or random process first encounters a threshold. The threshold can be a barrier, boundary or specified state of a system. The amount of time required for a stochastic process, starting from some initial state, to encounter a threshold for the first time is referred to variously as a first hitting time. In statistics, first-hitting-time models are a sub-class of survival models. The first hitting time, also called first passage time, of the barrier set formula_1 with respect to an instance of a stochastic process is the time until the stochastic process

neg: Walter Slade mile was also a popular event in amateur meets and there the 4:30 was still considered a barrier . This was first broken in 1868 by Walter Chinnery on 14 March 1868, running in at 4:29.75. Chinnery went on to found the London Athletic Club, but his record was broken on 3 April 1868 by Walter Gibbs. This record held until 1874 when a third Walter, Walter Slade, lowered the amateur record by taking over two seconds off the previous best, lowering the record to 4:26.00 at the Civil Service Sports meet in a race he won from scratch. This

neg: Sound barrier 1945) may have inadvertently become the first man to break the sound barrier on 1 March 1945. This occurred while he was piloting a Bachem Ba 349 "Natter" for the first manned vertical takeoff of a rocket in history. In 55 seconds, he traveled a total of 14 km (8.7 miles). The aircraft crashed and he perished violently in this endeavor. There are a number of unmanned vehicles that flew at supersonic speeds during this period, but they generally do not meet the definition. In 1933, Soviet designers working on ramjet concepts fired phosphorus-powered engines out of artillery guns to

neg: Roger Bannister time of 3 minutes 57.9 seconds, which the IAAF ratified as 3 minutes 58.0 seconds due to the rounding rules then in effect. On 7 August, at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, B.C., Bannister, running for England, competed against Landy for the first time in a race billed as "The Miracle Mile". They were the only two men in the world to have broken the 4-minute barrier, with Landy still holding the world record. Landy led for most of the race, building a lead of 10 yards in the third lap (of four), but was overtaken

neg: John Casey (commentator) in Mildura, Victoria in 2010, before returning to his hometown of Broken Hill to take on the role of general manager and Managing Editor of the "Barrier Daily Truth". 'Goes to work' John Casey (commentator) John Christopher Casey JP (born 30 June 1964) is an Australian journalist and sports broadcaster. With a media career spanning three decades he is a versatile and respected host and play-by-play commentator who was the first person ever seen "live" on Australian Pay TV when it commenced in 1995. John was born in the mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales. He was educated