query: the metropolitan police in london was established by

pos: History of the Metropolitan Police Service established a second and more effective committee, and acted upon its findings. Robert Peel, believing that the way to standardise the police was to make it an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public. After he presented his ideas to Parliament, they were approved and made official with the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. During the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution witnessed London becoming larger geographically and more significant economically. It became clear that the locally maintained system of volunteer constables and "watchmen" was ineffective, both in detecting

neg: Metropolitan Police District Metropolitan Police District The Metropolitan Police District (MPD) is the police area which is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service in London. It currently consists of the Greater London region, excluding the City of London. The Metropolitan Police District was created by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an ad hoc area of administration because the built-up area of London spread at the time into many parishes and counties without an established boundary. The district expanded as the built up area grew and stretched some distance into rural land. When county police were set up in England the forces of

neg: Peelian principles follows from transparency about their powers, their integrity in exercising those powers and their accountability for doing so. In early 19th-century Britain, attempts by the government to set up a police force for London met with a lot of opposition: The concept of professional policing was taken up by Robert Peel when he became Home Secretary in 1822. Peel's Metropolitan Police Act 1829 established a full-time, professional and centrally-organised police force for the Greater London area, known as the Metropolitan Police. Nine principles were set out in the "General Instructions" issued to every new police officer in the Metropolitan Police

neg: Greater London Authority Act 1999 Greater London Authority Act 1999 The Greater London Authority Act 1999 (c. 29) is the Act of Parliament that established the Greater London Authority, the London Assembly and the Mayor of London. The Act was brought in after a referendum, held under the Greater London Authority (Referendum) Act 1998, had resulted in a 'yes' vote. Apart from the main provisions creating the authority and transferring powers to it, it also created a Metropolitan Police Authority for the Metropolitan Police Service, and consequently altered the borders of the Metropolitan Police District to be coterminous with Greater London (excluding the City). It

neg: Police authority the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 police authorities were abolished and replaced with directly elected police and crime commissioners on 22 November 2012. Many of the outgoing members of police authorities stood for the role of PCC, highlighting their successive experience in the field, and many were elected. The Metropolitan Police and City of London Police have historically been exceptions to the national rule. The Metropolitan Police were under the direct control of the Home Secretary from their establishment in 1829 until 2000, when the Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) was established under the Greater London Authority to oversee

neg: Metropolitan Police Act 1829 Rate on all persons liable to pay the Poor Rate, not to exceed eight pence in the pound. Section 34 of the Act allowed other parishes to be added to the Metropolitan Police District by Order in Council. Any place in Middlesex, Surrey, Hertfordshire, Essex or Kent within twelve miles of Charing Cross could be added. Metropolitan Police Act 1829 The Metropolitan Police Act 1829 (10 Geo.4, c.44) was an Act of Parliament introduced by Sir Robert Peel. The Act established the Metropolitan Police of London (with the exception of the City), replacing the previously disorganized system of parish constables

neg: John Grieve (police officer) of London. He was the first Director of Intelligence for the Metropolitan Police. In 1997 he was awarded the Queen's Police Medal (QPM). He served as Director of the Racial and Violent Crime Task Force from 1998 until his retirement in 2002. He holds an Honours Degree in Philosophy from Newcastle University and a master's degree from Cranfield University. Grieve was head of training at Hendon Police College and is an emeritus professor at London Metropolitan University. He is chairman of the John Grieve Centre for Policing and Community Safety at London Metropolitan University. The center was established at Buckinghamshire

neg: Police the onset of the Industrial Revolution. It became clear that the locally maintained system of volunteer constables and "watchmen" was ineffective, both in detecting and preventing crime. A parliamentary committee was appointed to investigate the system of policing in London. Upon Sir Robert Peel being appointed as Home Secretary in 1822, he established a second and more effective committee, and acted upon its findings. Royal assent to the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 was given and the Metropolitan Police Service was established on September 29, 1829 in London as the first modern and professional police force in the world. Peel, widely

neg: Local Government Act 1985 voluntarily form joint committees to provide services together and the Local Government Act 1985 extended this principle by directing local authorities to form some shared arrangements whilst permitting them to form others as they wished. Six metropolitan county councils were abolished and the local authority of Greater London. Note: The outer London borough councils and metropolitan district councils were already education authorities. A number of single purpose authorities were established, collectively known as "joint authorities" in the legislation. Note: London Regional Transport was established separately by the London Regional Transport Act 1984. Note: The Metropolitan Police was under the control

neg: Metropolitan Police Act 1829 Metropolitan Police Act 1829 The Metropolitan Police Act 1829 (10 Geo.4, c.44) was an Act of Parliament introduced by Sir Robert Peel. The Act established the Metropolitan Police of London (with the exception of the City), replacing the previously disorganized system of parish constables and watchmen. The Act was the enabling legislation for what is often considered to be the first modern police force, the "bobbies" or "peelers" (after Peel), which served as the model for modern urban police departments throughout England. Until the 1829 Act, the Statute of Winchester of 1285 was cited as the primary legislation regulating the

neg: Greater London Authority Act 1999 was the longest Act to be passed by Parliament since the Government of India Act, 1935. Greater London Authority Act 1999 The Greater London Authority Act 1999 (c. 29) is the Act of Parliament that established the Greater London Authority, the London Assembly and the Mayor of London. The Act was brought in after a referendum, held under the Greater London Authority (Referendum) Act 1998, had resulted in a 'yes' vote. Apart from the main provisions creating the authority and transferring powers to it, it also created a Metropolitan Police Authority for the Metropolitan Police Service, and consequently altered the

neg: History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom and the Baronial Police unable to maintain law and order. he set up a Peace Preservation Force in 1814 and a system of county constabularies under the Irish Constabulary Act 1822. London in the early 1800s had a population of nearly a million and a half people but was policed by only 450 constables and 4,500 night watchmen. The idea of professional policing was taken up by Sir Robert Peel when he became Home Secretary in 1822. Peel's Metropolitan Police Act 1829 established a full-time, professional and centrally-organised police force for the greater London area known as the Metropolitan Police.

neg: West Ham a local board of health was formed in 1856. The board had 15 members: 12 elected and 3 nominated by the Commissioners of Sewers. In 1840 the parish was included in the Metropolitan Police District and soon after the built-up area of London had encompassed West Ham and soon after in the London postal district, established in 1857. West Ham was not included in the statutory metropolitan area established in 1855 or the County of London established in 1889. Instead, administrative reform was undertaken in the area in much the same way as a large provincial town. A local board

neg: Constable arrangements through establishing wider geographical police forces, which merged many constabularies. The Police Act 1964 gave direction on the organisational form of police forces, the appointment of officers and disciplinary matters; in the broadest sense it provided a statutory governance framework. The Act established the 'tripartite' model of policing, which formed police authorities. This established a three-way balance of power between the Authority's Chairman, the Chief Constable and the Home Secretary. This arrangement varied within London for the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police. The Police Act 1964 was superseded by the Police Act 1996, which contained similar

neg: Law enforcement in the United Kingdom are unarmed. "Sworn persons" "Non-sworn persons" From 22 November 2012, police authorities outside London were replaced by directly-elected Police and Crime Commissioners. In London the City of London Police continued to be overseen by City of London Corporation, whilst the Mayor of London has responsibility for the governance of the Metropolitan Police. In Northern Ireland, the Police Service of Northern Ireland is supervised by the Northern Ireland Policing Board. In Scotland, Police Scotland is overseen by the Scottish Police Services Authority. The British Transport Police and the Civil Nuclear Constabulary had their own police authority established in 2004. These forces

neg: Law enforcement in the United Kingdom London area known as the Metropolitan Police. Legislation in the 1830s introduced policing in boroughs and many counties and, in the 1850s, policing was established nationally. The Peelian Principles describe the philosophy that Sir Robert Peel developed to define an ethical police force. The principles traditionally ascribed to Peel state that: Nine principles of policing were set out in the ‘General Instructions’ issued to every new police officer in the Metropolitan Police from 1829. However, the Home Office has suggested this list was more likely authored by Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, the first and joint Commissioners of the Metropolitan

neg: Metropolitan Police Authority the Greater London Authority, by the Greater London Authority Act 1999. Previously control of the Metropolitan Police had vested entirely in the Home Secretary. The MPAs ceased to exist on 16 January 2012, when its functions were transferred to the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). Metropolitan Police Authority The Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) was the local police authority responsible for scrutinising and supporting the work of the Metropolitan Police Service, the police force for Greater London (excluding the City of London Police area). The establishment of the MPA in 2000 marked a fundamental change in the policing of

neg: History of London in such novels as Oliver Twist In 1810, after the death of Sir Francis Baring and Abraham Goldsmid, Rothschild emerges as the major banker in London. In 1829, the then Home Secretary (and future prime minister) Robert Peel established the Metropolitan Police as a police force covering the entire urban area. The force gained the nickname of "bobbies" or "peelers" named after Robert Peel. 19th-century London was transformed by the coming of the railways. A new network of metropolitan railways allowed for the development of suburbs in neighbouring counties from which middle-class and wealthy people could commute to the centre.

neg: Penge Urban District part of the Metropolitan Asylums District established in 1867. In 1965 the urban district was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and its former area was transferred to Greater London, to be combined with that of other districts to form the present-day London Borough of Bromley. Penge Urban District Penge was a civil parish and a local government district located to the southeast of London, England. It included the settlements of Penge, Anerley and part of Crystal Palace. It was part of the London postal district, Metropolitan Police District and, from 1933, the London Passenger Transport Area. In 1965

neg: East End of London character. Unlike the former constables, the police were recruited widely and financed by a levy on ratepayers; so they were initially disliked. The force took until the mid-19th century to be established in the East End. Unusually, Joseph Sadler Thomas, a Metropolitan Police superintendent of 'F' (Covent Garden) Division, appears to have mounted the first local investigation (in Bethnal Green), in November 1830 of the London Burkers. A specific Dockyard division of the Metropolitan force was formed to assume responsibility for shore patrols within the docks in 1841, a detective department was formed in 1842, and in 1865, "J" division

neg: National Identification Service National Identification Service The National Identification Service (NIS; also called SO4 from its Specialist Operations designation) is a department of the London Metropolitan Police which provides a range of support services on behalf of the Metropolitan Police and other police forces. All SO4's services are connected with criminal records and include a remit to act as the National Identification Service (NIS). The Metropolitan Police has had a national role in keeping criminal records since the 18th century but it was not until 1913 that the Criminal Record Office was established at New Scotland Yard. The NIS had sole responsibility for

neg: Law enforcement in the United Kingdom policing was organised by local communities based on watchmen and constables; the government was not directly involved in policing. The City of Glasgow Police, the first professional police, was established following an Act of Parliament in 1800. London had a population of nearly a million and a half people in the early 19th century but was policed by only 450 constables and 4,500 night watchmen. The concept of professional policing was taken up by Sir Robert Peel when he became Home Secretary in 1822. Peel's Metropolitan Police Act 1829 established a full-time, professional and centrally-organised police force for the greater

neg: Criminal justice the American revolution the primary type of punishment was to be hanged or sent to prison ships such as the notorious HMS Jersey. After the American revolution the British-based criminal justice system was then adopted by other developing nations (Such as the United States). The first modern police force is commonly said to be the Metropolitan Police in London, established in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel. Based on the Peelian principles, it promoted the preventive role of police as a deterrent to urban crime and disorder. In the United States, police departments were first established in Boston in 1838, and

neg: Metropolitan Board of Works work to plan London, Parliament passed the Metropolis Management Act 1855 which created the Metropolitan Board of Works (which also took over the responsibilities of the short-lived Metropolitan Buildings Office and Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, established in 1845 and 1848 respectively). It covered the area designated London in the 1851 census (an enlarged variant of the Bills of mortality area fixed in 1726), the alternative proposals had been that it should cover the Metropolitan Police District, the area that coal tax was levied or the area used for the Metropolitan Interments Act 1852. It was not to be a directly

neg: Parish constable 1829 and County Police Act 1839 gradually led to the end of most unprofessional constabulary. The Metropolitan Police Act established a professional and trained police force, in place of the parish constables, within the bounds of London; the County Police Act allowed counties to do likewise. Each new force was to be headed by a chief constable (replacing the hundred-constables) who would be appointed by the county magistrates. The wide administrative functions of parish constables were taken over by various recently established local boards (which eventually were re-organised to become local councils). The voluntary nature of the County Police Act

neg: City of Glasgow Police Glasgow force's small size and varied duties (as well as policing they also fought fires, called the hours and swept the streets, thus in many ways more closely resembling the older city watchmen) this title has previously been claimed by the London Metropolitan Police. However, following formal enforcement action by the Advertising Standards Authority, the Metropolitan Police gave a written undertaking never to repeat this claim again. In 1779, Bailies "(magistrates)" of the City of Glasgow appointed James Buchanan as Inspector and established a Police force of eight police officers. This force failed through lack of finance in 1781. In

neg: Metropolitan Police Authority Metropolitan Police Authority The Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) was the local police authority responsible for scrutinising and supporting the work of the Metropolitan Police Service, the police force for Greater London (excluding the City of London Police area). The establishment of the MPA in 2000 marked a fundamental change in the policing of London; establishing, for the first time, a local police authority for the metropolis, with the aim of ensuring that the Metropolitan Police Service was democratically accountable. The MPA had a strategic role and was not responsible for the day-to-day delivery of policing – which continued to be

neg: Undercover operation Metropolitan Police of London. From the start, the force occasionally employed plainclothes undercover detectives, but there was much public anxiety that these powers were being used for the purpose of political repression. In part due to these concerns, the 1845 official "Police Orders" required all undercover operations to be specifically authorized by the superintendent. It was only in 1869 that Police commissioner Edmund Henderson established a formal plainclothes detective division. The first Special Branch of police was the Special Irish Branch, formed as a section of the Criminal Investigation Department of the MPS in London in 1883, initially to combat

neg: Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer in central London. Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer A Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer (CTSFO) is a United Kingdom police firearms officer. The CTSFO standard is the highest Authorised Firearms Officer level in the National Police Firearms Training Curriculum (NPFTC) and was established by the Metropolitan Police Service in the lead up to the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London in July 2012. The Firearms units of police forces organise CTSFOs into teams to establish a police tactical unit. A national capability to respond to terrorist incidents such as marauding terrorist firearms attacks through collaboration of police forces who maintain

neg: Constable in England until the 19th century; in the London metropolitan area it was ended by the creation of the Metropolitan Police by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829, and by the County Police Constabularies outside London by the County Police Act 1839. Together these led to all counties having various constabularies of full-time professionals. The lowest rank of the police forces and constabularies is "constable", and most outside London are headed by a chief constable. The unique office of 'Parks Constable' was first created when Liverpool Corporation Act 1921 (Section 221) allowed for their appointment; although a body of constables had

neg: Victorian morality boroughs. The Metropolitan Police Act 1829, championed by Home Secretary Robert Peel, was not so much a startling innovation, as a systemization with expanded funding of established informal practices. It created the Metropolitan Police Service, headquartered at Scotland Yard. London now had the world's first modern police force. The 3000 policemen were called "bobbies" (after Peel's first name). They were well-organized, centrally directed, and wore standard blue uniforms. Legally they had the historic status of constable, with authority to make arrests of suspicious persons and book offenders before a magistrate court. They were assigned in teams to specified beats, especially

neg: Freight Enforcement Partnership of the Traffic Commissioner. Freight Enforcement Partnership The Freight Enforcement Partnership is an organisation established in October 2015 in London to police heavy goods vehicles which do not comply with the regulations. It is made up of the Metropolitan Police Service, the City of London Police, Transport for London (TfL), the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency and freight industry representatives. It has about 90 staff and has a board chaired by Sir Peter Hendy. It is hoped that this will establish a more effective enforcement and regulatory regime. It will feed information gained by, among other methods, automatic number plate

neg: Freight Enforcement Partnership Freight Enforcement Partnership The Freight Enforcement Partnership is an organisation established in October 2015 in London to police heavy goods vehicles which do not comply with the regulations. It is made up of the Metropolitan Police Service, the City of London Police, Transport for London (TfL), the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency and freight industry representatives. It has about 90 staff and has a board chaired by Sir Peter Hendy. It is hoped that this will establish a more effective enforcement and regulatory regime. It will feed information gained by, among other methods, automatic number plate recognition to the Office

neg: Port of London Port of Tilbury Police (formed in 1992 and a remnant of the old PLA force). The Metropolitan police have a special Marine Support Unit, formerly known as the Thames Division, which patrol and police the Thames in the Greater London area. A sixth police force in the Port may be established with the creation of the London Gateway port. Port of London The Port of London lies along the banks of the River Thames from the capital to the North Sea. Once the largest port in the world, it is currently the United Kingdom's second largest port, after Grimsby &

neg: Receiver of the Metropolitan Police Receiver of the Metropolitan Police The Receiver, formally called The Receiver for the Metropolitan Police District (and sometimes referred to early in the post's existence as the Receiver-General), was until 2000 the chief financial officer of the Metropolitan Police in London, the Treasurer of the Metropolitan Police Fund. He was always a civilian, not a police officer. The Receiver's title came from the fact that his original role was to 'receive' money raised from the rates of the Metropolitan Police District's parishes. The Receiver was appointed by the Crown. All the property of the Metropolitan Police was technically owned by

neg: Douglas Webb (police officer) and took over No.3 District (North-East London) on 1 December 1955. He was promoted to Assistant Commissioner "B" (Traffic) on 20 January 1957, and Assistant Commissioner "A" (Operations and Administration) in December 1958. While holding this post he established the Special Patrol Group. In 1961 he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) and Officier of the Légion d'honneur. He retired on 8 April 1966. Douglas Webb (police officer) Douglas Edward Webb CVO OBE (8 October 1909 – 11 January 1988) was a British police officer in the London Metropolitan Police, who served as Deputy Commissioner of London

neg: Local Government Act 1985 Local Government Act 1985 The Local Government Act 1985 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Its main effect was to abolish the six county councils of the metropolitan counties that had been set up in 1974, 11 years earlier, by the Local Government Act 1972, along with the Greater London Council that had been established in 1965. In their place many single purpose authorities known collectively as 'joint authorities' were established for fire service, police and passenger transport. An ad hoc education authority was established for Inner London and a planning authority for Greater London. The legislation

neg: Metropolitan Police Service Metropolitan Police Service The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), formerly and still commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is policed by the much smaller City of London Police. The Met also has significant national responsibilities, such as co-ordinating and leading on UK-wide national counter-terrorism matters and protecting the Royal Family, certain members of Her Majesty's Government and others as deemed appropriate. As the police force for the capital, the Met has significant unique responsibilities

neg: George Abbiss George Abbiss Sir George Abbiss OBE (1884 – 6 October 1966) was a British police officer in the London Metropolitan Police. Abbiss was born in Pirton, Hertfordshire. He joined the Metropolitan Police as a Constable in 1905 and was a Sub-Divisional Inspector in Central London by 1924, and a Chief Inspector by 1926. By June 1929, when he was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the Metropolitan Police Centenary Honours, he was a Superintendent, and he was promoted Chief Constable in 1930. For several years he served as Commandant of the Police Training School at

neg: Metropolitan Police District although within the boundaries of the MPD, are policed by the Metropolitan Police. The Greater London Authority Act 1999 defines the Metropolitan Police District as consisting of "Greater London, excluding the City of London, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple." The City of London has its own police force, the City of London Police, which also covers the Inner and Middle Temples. As constables of both forces are empowered throughout England and Wales, mutual assistance is a routine matter. The City of London has limited policing jurisdiction with parks constabularies within their lands at Hampstead Heath and Epping Forest

neg: George Abbiss Adviser and then Police Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. He also served as Deputy Commissioner, No.1 District, St John Ambulance. George Abbiss Sir George Abbiss OBE (1884 – 6 October 1966) was a British police officer in the London Metropolitan Police. Abbiss was born in Pirton, Hertfordshire. He joined the Metropolitan Police as a Constable in 1905 and was a Sub-Divisional Inspector in Central London by 1924, and a Chief Inspector by 1926. By June 1929, when he was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the Metropolitan Police Centenary Honours, he

neg: Metropolitan Police Service of London is responsible for the governance of the Metropolitan Police through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). The mayor is able to appoint someone to act on his behalf; the current office-holder is Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime, Sophie Linden. The work of MOPAC is scrutinised by the Police and Crime Committee (also known as a police and crime panel) of the London Assembly. These structures were created by the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 and replaced the Metropolitan Police Authority appointed board created in 2000 by Greater London Authority Act 1999. The area

neg: London Traffic Area its area was much smaller than the traffic area. London Traffic Area The London Traffic Area was established by the London Traffic Act 1924 to regulate the increasing amount of motor traffic in the London area. The LTA was abolished in 1965 on the establishment of the Greater London Council. The Traffic Area extended for about 25 miles (40 kilometres) from Charing Cross in central London, and was thus much larger than the existing County of London or Metropolitan Police District. It included the whole of the County of London and Middlesex, much of Surrey and Hertfordshire, plus parts of

neg: Police and crime commissioner the Police and Crime Commissioners for police forces and constabularies across England and Wales as of August 2017: In Greater London there are two police forces. The City of London is policed by the City of London Police and the City of London Corporation is the police authority. The Metropolitan Police District is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service and the Mayor of London is the police authority through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime. The Mayor may also appoint a Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime to act on his behalf. The Mayor of Greater Manchester is the

neg: Local Government Act 1985 of the Home Office and unaffected by the legislation. Local Government Act 1985 The Local Government Act 1985 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Its main effect was to abolish the six county councils of the metropolitan counties that had been set up in 1974, 11 years earlier, by the Local Government Act 1972, along with the Greater London Council that had been established in 1965. In their place many single purpose authorities known collectively as 'joint authorities' were established for fire service, police and passenger transport. An ad hoc education authority was established for Inner London

neg: London Traffic Area London Traffic Area The London Traffic Area was established by the London Traffic Act 1924 to regulate the increasing amount of motor traffic in the London area. The LTA was abolished in 1965 on the establishment of the Greater London Council. The Traffic Area extended for about 25 miles (40 kilometres) from Charing Cross in central London, and was thus much larger than the existing County of London or Metropolitan Police District. It included the whole of the County of London and Middlesex, much of Surrey and Hertfordshire, plus parts of Kent, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire and Essex. At its outer limits

neg: Joseph Grantham Joseph Grantham Police Constable Joseph Grantham (died 1830) was the first police officer to be killed whilst on duty in the United Kingdom. Joseph Grantham was a police officer in the Metropolitan Police Service which had been formally established in 1829. While on duty on 28 June 1830, he intervened in a fight between two drunks in Somers Town, London, during the altercation Grantham was beaten to death. At his inquest, the jury returned a verdict of "justifiable homicide", possibly due to dislike of the new police force. Grantham was held to have contributed to his own death by "over-exertion

neg: Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police The Metropolitan Police was the police force under the authority of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires until it merged with the city's division of the Argentine Federal Police by creating the Buenos Aires City Police. The force was created in 2010 and is composed of 1,850 officers, and is planned to expand to 16,000. Security in the city was concurrently the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police and the Argentine Federal Police. The city government claims the force was based on the model of the British London Metropolitan Police and the New York Police Department. The

neg: Preventive police Preventive police Preventive police is that aspect of law enforcement intended to act as a deterrent to the commission of crime. Preventive policing is considered a defining characteristic of the modern police, typically associated with Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police, established in 1829. In the century following 1688, severe punishment was the legal mechanism in England for preventing crime, which included the designations of hundreds of crimes as capital crimes, punishable by death. Public executions were part of the formula, designed to deter criminals by demonstrating the brutal consequences of crime if apprehended. Reformers argued that this method of prevention

neg: Douglas Webb (police officer) Douglas Webb (police officer) Douglas Edward Webb CVO OBE (8 October 1909 – 11 January 1988) was a British police officer in the London Metropolitan Police, who served as Deputy Commissioner of London Metropolitan Police from 1961 to 1966. Webb was the son of Owen Cyrenius Webb born in Coaley Gloucestershire. He joined the metropolitan police force and rose to the rank of Superintendent. He was educated at Bordon Grammar School and then Devonport High School for Boys when his father moved to Devonport Royal Navy Base Plymouth.He decided to follow his father and joined the metropolitan police in 1929.

neg: Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police Service in Southwark and is maintained by current serving police officers. The Film Unit provides operational officers to ensure security for film companies and the general public. It is part of the Film London Partnership which is supported by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, the Mayor Of London and Film London. Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police Service The Metropolitan Police Service of Greater London is organised into four main directorates, each with differing responsibilities. These are Frontline Policing (formally Territorial Policing), Met Operations (formerly Specialist Crime & Operations), Specialist Operations and six civilian staffed support departments under

neg: Metropolitan county administered by statutory joint boards and special joint arrangements, these include policing (by joint police authorities), fire services, public transport (by passenger transport executives) and waste disposal (in Merseyside and Greater Manchester) These joint boards are made up of councillors appointed by the boroughs. Since 2000, the metropolitan counties have been used as the areas of joint Local Transport Plans. In 1999, following a successful referendum, the Labour government under Tony Blair legislated to create a strategic authority for London (the Greater London Authority). Despite some talk of doing so, no bodies were established to replace the MCCs. The Blair

neg: Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer A Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officer (CTSFO) is a United Kingdom police firearms officer. The CTSFO standard is the highest Authorised Firearms Officer level in the National Police Firearms Training Curriculum (NPFTC) and was established by the Metropolitan Police Service in the lead up to the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London in July 2012. The Firearms units of police forces organise CTSFOs into teams to establish a police tactical unit. A national capability to respond to terrorist incidents such as marauding terrorist firearms attacks through collaboration of police forces who maintain CTSFO teams was

neg: Metropolitan Police District 1 April 1994, with several exchanges of territory. In 1998 the Government 'Green Paper' on the Greater London Authority proposed to create a police authority for the Metropolitan Police, who had previously been under the control of the Home Secretary. Initially, the government proposed to retain the areas outside the local government boundary, with a representative appointed to the Metropolitan Police Authority from the councils outside the Greater London Authority boundary. However the government changed its mind and in the Greater London Authority Act 1999 the boundaries of the Metropolitan Police District were redefined to match Greater London. The excised

neg: Redbridge Parks Police with the other suspect caught minutes later by officers from Redbridge police. Parks Police (PP) commander, John Boylin was thouroghly impressed and said "The Parks Police have come in for some unfair criticism recently and I hope this incident demonstrates to the public how effectively we work in partnership with the Metropolitan Police." Redbridge Parks Police The London Borough of Redbridge Parks Police Service was a body of constables responsible for policing the parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Redbridge. The service was headed by Chief Officer John Boylin, the former Metropolitan Police Borough Commander for Redbridge.

neg: Rajshahi Metropolitan Police Makhdum). There were four police station under RMP when inaugurated. New 8 police stations are added in February, 2018. In 2012 Rajshahi Metropolitan Police was accused of extortion and being involved in the drug trade. A sub-inspector was accused of raping a constable. Rajshahi Metropolitan Police Rajshahi Metropolitan Police (RMP) is a division of Bangladesh Police, which is responsible for law enforcement within the metropolis of Rajshahi. Rajshahi Metropolitan Police was established on 1 July 1992. RMP began with four police stations-Boalia, Rajpara, Motihar and Shah Makhdum with an area of 203 square kilometers in 1992. RMP is headed by

neg: Law enforcement in the United Kingdom a review by the Department of Transport into the future role and function of the British Transport Police. The second was a review by the Attorney-General into national measures for combating fraud (the City of London Police is one of the major organisations for combating economic crime). Both the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Ian Blair, and the Mayor, Ken Livingstone, stated that they would like to see a single police force in London, with the Metropolitan Police also absorbing the functions of the British Transport Police in London. However, the proposal to merge both the BTP and City forces with

neg: Metropolitan Police District abolished the RPC in England and Wales and provided for the transfer of personnel within Greater London into the Metropolitan Police, leaving the Royal Parks within the general jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police. The Ministry of Defence Police is responsible for policing a few Ministry of Defence buildings and property within the MPD. As with the BTP, their jurisdiction is not to the exclusion of the Metropolitan Police who have statutory responsibility for providing policing to the entire MPD. Metropolitan Police District The Metropolitan Police District (MPD) is the police area which is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service in

neg: City of Glasgow Police to prevent crime and detect offenders. The policemen they envisaged would not be mere watchmen and what they had written down was the concept of "Preventive Policing", 40 years before Sir Robert Peel established preventive policing in the Metropolitan area of London in 1829. In February 1789 this force of truly professional police took to the streets. During the following eleven years, Glasgow City fathers tried to get their "Police Bill" before Parliament, but without success. In the meantime, the small, pioneering, Glasgow police force, led by the Master of Police, Richard Marshall, was struggling to maintain its existence due

neg: Redbridge Parks Police Redbridge Parks Police The London Borough of Redbridge Parks Police Service was a body of constables responsible for policing the parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Redbridge. The service was headed by Chief Officer John Boylin, the former Metropolitan Police Borough Commander for Redbridge. Policing was provided by two shifts, each consisting of one sergeant and six constables. On 31 October 2011, the service was disbanded and replaced by a Council-funded team of Metropolitan Police officers known as the "Redbridge Community Police Team". The service stated its main responsibilities were to: Two Redbridge Parks Police officers, Constables

neg: Metropolitan Police District (constables are attested under the Greater London Parks & Open Spaces Act 1967 and the Epping Forest Act 1878 respectively not under the Police Acts as members of the City of London Police). The London Underground and the lines and stations of the national railway network within the MPD are primarily policed by the British Transport Police but are not excluded from the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police. The Royal Parks of London used to be policed by the Royal Parks Constabulary (RPC) whose powers derived from the Parks Regulation Act 1872. The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005

neg: 2017 London Bridge attack police services eight minutes after the initial emergency call was made. CCTV footage showed the three attackers in Borough Market running at the armed officers; the attackers were shot dead 20 seconds later. A total of 46 rounds were fired by three City of London and five Metropolitan Police officers. The Metropolitan Police issued 'Run, Hide, Tell' notices, and asked for the public to remain calm and vigilant. All buildings within the vicinity of London Bridge were evacuated, and London Bridge, Borough and Bank Underground stations were closed at the request of the police. The mainline railway stations at London

neg: Metropolitan Police Act 1839 Metropolitan Police Act 1839 The Metropolitan Police Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict c 47) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act enlarged the district of, and gave greatly increased powers to the Metropolitan Police established by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829. It is one of the Metropolitan Police Acts 1829 to 1895. Section 2 of the Act allowed for the enlargement of the Metropolitan Police District to include places in a radius of 15 miles (24 kilometres) from Charing Cross. Section 5 gave constables of the Metropolitan Police all "powers and privileges of constabulary"

neg: Police division town, or a portion of a city, depending on the population (London, for instance, was divided at one point into 67 Metropolitan Police divisions and a further four City of London Police divisions). In 1949, the Metropolitan Police regraded its divisional commanders as Chief Superintendents and most other forces followed suit. Divisions were usually divided into Sub-Divisions, commanded by Inspectors (or, in the Metropolitan Police, Sub-Divisional Inspectors, a higher rank). Some rural forces did not acquire this further organisational level until well into the 20th century, however. Sub-divisional commanders were later regraded as Chief Inspectors in most forces. In the

neg: Babar Ahmad in the Bosnian War from 1992 until 1995. Before his imprisonment in August 2004, Ahmad was working in the IT department at Imperial College, University of London. At the time of his arrest, he lived in Tooting. On 18 March 2009, the London Metropolitan Police agreed to pay Ahmad £60,000 in damages after admitting he was subjected to "violent assault and religious abuse" during the raid. Babar Ahmad was arrested in London on 5 August 2004 on charges of providing material support to terrorism. An affidavit filed with the US court detailed that Ahmad established Azzam.com, a website established in

neg: Chief constable of these officers are titled 'chief constable', but some hold other or additional titles such as commissioner or chief executive. In London, the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police are led by commissioners rather than chief constables. Chief constable was, however, a lower rank in the Metropolitan Police which existed between 1886 and 1946. In 1869, the divisions of the Metropolitan Police were grouped into four districts, and four new officers called district superintendents were appointed to command them, ranking between the divisional superintendents and the two assistant commissioners. These officers were to be generally military officers, civil

neg: Police authority the force. The MPA was replaced in January 2012, alongside the introduction of police and crime commissioners, by the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, under the control of the Mayor of London, and reporting to the Police and Crime Committee of the London Assembly. Unlike the other police forces in England and Wales, where the chief officer is appointed by the locally elected police and crime commissioner, the national and international importance of the work of the Metropolitan Police means the appointment of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner is still in the hands of the Home Secretary (and technically made

neg: Metropolitan Police Marine Policing Unit MPU also provides support to the rest of the Metropolitan Police and to the City of London Police when dealing with incidents in or around any waterway in London. A specialist underwater and confined-spaces search team carries out searches throughout the Metropolitan Police District. The unit also has 24 officers who are trained in rope access techniques and trained to carry out searches and counter demonstrator operations at height. Metropolitan Police Marine Policing Unit The Marine Policing Unit (MPU), formally known as Thames Division, is a Central Operations (CO) branch of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Its forerunner, the Marine Police

neg: Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit The Air Support Unit (ASU) was a Central Operations branch of London's Metropolitan Police Service. The main responsibility of the unit was to provide aerial reconnaissance and other air support operations. Helicopters are particularly useful in aiding searches for missing persons, car pursuits, suspect capture and large public order operations such as football matches. The ASU also supported other emergency services, including the London Fire Brigade, London Ambulance Service and Marine Coastguard. On 31 March 2015 the National Police Air Service took over providing air support to the Metropolitan Police Service (along with all other

neg: Municipal Borough of Dagenham Municipal Borough of Dagenham Dagenham was a local government district in south west Essex, England from 1926 to 1965 covering the parish of Dagenham. Initially created as an urban district, it was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1938. It was established to deal with the increase in population and the change from rural to urban area caused by the building of the Becontree estate by the London County Council and the subsequent movement of people from Inner London. Peripheral to London, the district formed part of the Metropolitan Police District and London Traffic Area. It now forms the eastern

neg: Timeline of the 2011 England riots riots. The Mayor Of London, Boris Johnson, revealed that he had provided an extra £42,000,000 to the Metropolitan Police during the previous year to increase police numbers in London. Officers from North Yorkshire Police responded to the request to assist their colleagues in London. By 07:59, the Metropolitan Police Commander Christine Jones said: "This is a challenging situation with small pockets of violence, looting and disorder breaking out on a number of boroughs." Jewellery shops across Tottenham, Enfield and Wood Green suffered break-ins. The Victoria line was closed between Stockwell and Brixton "due to civil unrest", according to London Underground.

neg: Middlesex of London steadily spread over large parts of the county. The areas closest to London were served by the Metropolitan Police from 1829, and from 1840 the entire county was included in the Metropolitan Police District. Local government in the county was unaffected by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and civic works continued to be the responsibility of the individual parish vestries or "ad hoc" improvement commissioners. In 1855, the parishes of the densely populated area in the south east, but excluding the City of London, came within the responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works. Despite this innovation, the

neg: Metropolitan Police District in 1965, the MPD was expanded and some areas that did not become part of Greater London continued to be within it. In 2000 the outer boundary of the MPD was retracted to coincide with the County of Greater London and the neighbouring county forces then became responsible for those areas outside Greater London. The MPD now consists of the 32 boroughs of the County of Greater London (including the City of Westminster), while the Greater London region's 33rd, and by far smallest district – the City of London – being served by the City of London Police. The Metropolitan

neg: London Fire Brigade (GLA) was established to administer the LFEPA and coordinate emergency planning for London. Consisting of the Mayor of London and other elected members, the GLA also takes responsibility for the Metropolitan Police Service, Transport for London and other functions. In 2007 the LFB vacated its Lambeth headquarters and moved to a site in Union Street, Southwark. In the same year, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced that LFB Commissioner Ken Knight had been appointed as the first Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser to the government. Knight was succeeded as Commissioner at that time by Ron Dobson, who served

neg: Joseph Grantham in the discharge of his duty". Joseph Grantham Police Constable Joseph Grantham (died 1830) was the first police officer to be killed whilst on duty in the United Kingdom. Joseph Grantham was a police officer in the Metropolitan Police Service which had been formally established in 1829. While on duty on 28 June 1830, he intervened in a fight between two drunks in Somers Town, London, during the altercation Grantham was beaten to death. At his inquest, the jury returned a verdict of "justifiable homicide", possibly due to dislike of the new police force. Grantham was held to have contributed

neg: Police cadets in the United Kingdom further. The founder and the largest cadet scheme are operated by the Metropolitan Police Service, with over 5,000 cadets as of March 2016. It was founded in 1988 by Commissioner Peter Imbert. By 2010, every London borough had a VPC unit, along with a central support team within the Territorial Policing Command Unit. Metropolitan Police Cadets are involved in continuing further education, DofE, learning about the police service, carrying out attachments to divisions and specialist departments, learning first aid, and engaging in community work projects with the disabled and disadvantaged. London Police cadets annually compete in a police scenario completion,

neg: Siege of Sidney Street as a barber, while another member of the gang was Max Smoller, also known as Joe Levi and "Josepf the Jew". He was wanted in his native Crimea for several jewel robberies. Following the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 and the City of London Police Act 1839, the capital was policed by two forces, the Metropolitan Police, who held sway over most of the capital, and the City of London Police, who were responsible for law enforcement within the historic City boundaries. The events in Houndsditch in December 1910 fell into the purview of the City of London service, and the

neg: Rajshahi Metropolitan Police Rajshahi Metropolitan Police Rajshahi Metropolitan Police (RMP) is a division of Bangladesh Police, which is responsible for law enforcement within the metropolis of Rajshahi. Rajshahi Metropolitan Police was established on 1 July 1992. RMP began with four police stations-Boalia, Rajpara, Motihar and Shah Makhdum with an area of 203 square kilometers in 1992. RMP is headed by a Police Commissioner. In February 2018, eight new police stations were inaugurated and the area of RMP has expanded to a total of . RMP is divided into four divisions with four DC as head, DC (Boalia), DC (Kasiadanga), DC (Motihar), DC (Shah

neg: Metropolitan Special Constabulary Metropolitan Special Constabulary The Metropolitan Special Constabulary (MSC) is the part-time volunteer police force of the Metropolitan Police Service. It is one of three Special Constabularies operating within London, the others belonging to City of London Police and British Transport Police. The MSC was created over 180 years ago under the Special Constables Act of 1831 and currently consists of 3,271(as of March 2016) officers, making it the largest in the UK. Officers of the MSC hold the 'Office of Constable' and therefore have full powers and privileges of a Police Officer throughout England and Wales on duty. They wear

neg: Operation Midland Operation Midland In November 2014, Operation Midland was set up by the Metropolitan Police in London to examine allegations of child sexual abuse and homicide, later extended to cover allegations of three murders and activities at the Dolphin Square development in Pimlico and elsewhere; on 21 March 2016, the Metropolitan Police confirmed that Operation Midland had been closed without any charges being brought. An inquiry found that those investigated by police were victims of "false allegations" and the Metropolitan Police Commissioner subsequently apologised to them. In November 2014 the Metropolitan Police announced that they were establishing Operation Midland, intended to

neg: Colin Woods Colin Woods Sir Colin Philip Joseph Woods, (20 April 1920 – 27 January 2001) was an English police officer in the London Metropolitan Police who was also the first Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police, from 1979 to 1982. Born in London, Woods was the son of a Metropolitan Police Sub-Divisional Inspector and was educated at Finchley Grammar School. He served in the King's Royal Rifle Corps and the Royal Ulster Rifles (into which he was commissioned in February 1944) throughout the Second World War, from 1939 to 1946, and then joined the Metropolitan Police as a Constable, rising through

neg: Scotland Yard Scotland Yard's previous site (1890–1967) – and that the headquarters would be renamed Scotland Yard. In November 2016, MPS moved to its new headquarters, which continues to bear the name of "New Scotland Yard." Scotland Yard building is now owned by Indian billionaire Yusuff Ali M.A., chairman of Lulu Group International. The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police. Additionally, the London Underground and National Rail networks are the responsibility of the British Transport Police. The Metropolitan Police

neg: British intelligence agencies authority of the Home Office. The National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit, which dates back to 2004 and has been hosted by the Metropolitan Police Service since 2011; the Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism, created in 2007, which is responsible for leading work on counter-terrorism working closely with the police and security services; the National Ballistics Intelligence Service, which was created in 2008; and the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, which was established in 2010 by the City of London Police. The Single Intelligence Account (SIA) is the funding vehicle for the three main security and intelligence agencies: the Secret

neg: William Hay (police commissioner) 5th Dragoon Guards. In 1829, Hay retired from military service and married Sarah Sparkes. Having then lived for two years in Surrey, followed by seven in Scotland. Hay then came to London, where on 10 December 1839 he took up an appointment as the first inspecting superintendent of the Metropolitan Police. This post was effectively the chief deputy to the two joint commissioners, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, and broke the rule established by Sir Robert Peel that, apart from the two commissioners, all police officers should be promoted from the ranks. This was not the first time

neg: Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch 14 sergeants and 117 constables. The Branch has stables at locations including: The Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch is the oldest part of the Metropolitan Police, having been formed in 1760 (some 38 years prior to the Thames Marine Police Force and 69 years prior to the formation of the Metropolitan Police) as the Bow Street Horse Patrol. The primary purpose of the Bow Street Horse Patrol was to patrol the turnpikes approaching London. Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch The Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch is a Central Operations (CO) branch of London's Metropolitan Police. The main responsibilities of the branch are to

neg: Toronto Police Service in 1834 when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York. (Prior to that, local able-bodied male citizens were required to report for night duty as special constables for a fixed number of nights a year on the pain of fine or imprisonment in a system known as "watch and ward". The Toronto Police is one of the English-speaking world's oldest modern municipal police departments; older than, for example, the New York City Police Department which was formed in 1845 or the Boston Police Department which was established in 1839. The London Metropolitan Police of 1829

neg: Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard in Whitehall. The Met's current headquarters is New Scotland Yard, situated on the Victoria Embankment. The Metropolitan Police Service, whose officers became affectionately known as "bobbies", was founded in 1829 by Robert Peel under the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 and on 29 September of that year, the first units of the service appeared on the streets of London. In 1839, the Marine Police Force, which had been formed in 1798, was amalgamated into the Metropolitan Police. In 1837, it also incorporated with the Bow Street Horse Patrol that had been organised in 1805. Since January 2012, the Mayor

neg: Bob Broadhurst Bob Broadhurst Commander Robert James Broadhurst was the 2012 Olympics Gold Command for the Metropolitan Police Service. He was formerly Commander for Public Order and Pan London Operational Support of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Broadhurst has served with the Metropolitan Police Service for 32 years in uniform, primarily in South-East London. He was, for four years, Sutton Borough Commander and Lambeth deputy Borough Commander for a year. For four years he was the Link Commander for South East London, with responsibility overall for all eight Boroughs in that area. In July 2006 he was appointed Commander Public Order and Pan

neg: Mark Kennedy (police officer) Mark Kennedy (police officer) Mark Kennedy (born 7 July 1969), undercover names Mark Stone and Mark Flash, is a former London Metropolitan Police officer who, whilst attached to the police service's National Public Order Intelligence Unit, (NPOIU) infiltrated many protest groups between 2003 and 2010 before he was unmasked by political activists as an undercover policeman on 21 October 2010 and his identity was confirmed by the media outlet three days later. According to "The Guardian" newspaper, Kennedy was born in Camberwell, South London, on 7 July 1969, joined the Metropolitan Police around 1994 and served with them until March

neg: Law enforcement and society property. In the United Kingdom in the late 18th century: In the United States in the 19th century: In 1690 John Locke wrote that: Similarly, Adam Smith described how: This close link between property and government (and thus police function) was also noted by John Jay, who repeatedly said that: According to Monaghan, this: and by US Founding Father James Madison. who declared that government: Considering the state of law enforcement and society in 2013, Dr. Gary Potter states, Law enforcement and society The first modern police force, commonly said to be the London Metropolitan Police, established in 1829, promoted

neg: Operation Trident (Metropolitan Police) Operation Trident (Metropolitan Police) Operation Trident, or simply Trident, is a Metropolitan Police Service unit originally set up in 1998 to tackle gun crime and homicide in London's Afro-Caribbean communities following a series of shootings in the London boroughs of Lambeth and Brent. By 2008 the unit was responsible for investigating "all" non-fatal shootings for "the Metropolitan Police" and in February 2012 the unit's remit was again expanded; the new Trident Gang Crime Command was launched incorporating responsibility for tackling wider gang crime. In 2013 the unit gave up responsibility for investigating fatal shootings which was taken over by the

neg: Police cadets in the United Kingdom also included the showing of vintage police vehicles, police dogs, and a static display of the Boys Brigade's London Massed Bugle Band. Bands that lead the four columns of a total of 1,400 cadets (and various police cadet staff, most of whom also hold different roles within the Metropolitan Police) were Metropolitan Police Pipe Band, the Nottingham-shire Police Pipe Band, the British Airways Brass Band, and the Enfield District Scout Band. In 2011, Mayor Boris Johnson supported expanding the Metropolitan Police VPC by calling for numbers to be doubled by 2015. The Metropolitan Police VPC changed the age range from

neg: Australian Police Rugby Union Australian Police Rugby Union The Australian Police Rugby Union is a volunteer, not for profit organisation aimed at promoting the sport of rugby union and the fostering of relations amongst serving police officers from across Australia and other rugby union playing nations. The Australian Police Rugby Union Association Inc. (A.P.R.U.) was first established in 1998 with a view to travelling to the 1999 IRB Rugby World Cup in Wales, Ireland and England. A team comprising representatives predominantly from New South Wales and the Australian Federal Police departed and played a number of games against the London Metropolitan Police, Irish Garda,

neg: Metropolitan Police Service policed by the Metropolitan Police Service is known as the Metropolitan Police District (MPD). In terms of geographic policing, the Met was divided into a number of 32 Borough Operational Command Units, which directly align with the 32 London boroughs covered. Since 2017 this situation has changed as the Met has attempted to save money due to cuts in funding. There is currently a period of transition which will result in the MPD being divided into 12 Basic Command Units made up of two or three boroughs. There is criticism of these changes. The City of London (which is not

neg: Metropolitan Police F.C. Metropolitan Police F.C. Metropolitan Police Football Club is a football club based in East Molesey, Surrey, England. Originally made up of players from the Metropolitan Police Service, the rule requiring players to be employees of the service was removed when the Commissioner refused to sanction time off for playing. However, the club is still part-funded by a police staff lottery. They are currently members of the and play at Imber Court, the base of the Met Police Sports and Social Club. The club was established in 1919. After playing friendlies for nine years and winning the Middlesex Senior Cup in

neg: History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom The new Metropolitan Police were responsible for an area of 7 miles in radius from the centre of the city (excluding the City of London), which was later extended to 15 miles. The government intentionally tried to avoid creating any likeness between the police and a military force; in particular the officers of the new police force were not armed and a blue uniform was chosen, dissimilar to that of the army. During this period, the Metropolitan Police was accountable directly to the Home Secretary (whereas today it accountable to the Mayor of London and the Metropolitan Police Authority). The

neg: Receiver of the Metropolitan Police of Director of Finance and had become responsible for the Finance, Property Services, and Technology Departments of the force. With the consent of the Home Secretary, he could issue precepts on the local authorities within the Metropolitan Police District in order to finance the force. He also had responsibility for the finance, and some other services, of the Inner London Magistrates' Court Service and the Inner London Probation Service. In July 2000, with the introduction of the Metropolitan Police Authority and the removal of responsibility for the Metropolitan Police from the Home Secretary, the post of Receiver was abolished and

neg: Royal Irish Constabulary police services: the London Metropolitan Police being established seven years after the RIC. The RIC was as a result pulled in two directions. To some extent it had a quasi-military or gendarmerie ethos; with barracks, carbines, a marked class distinction between officers and men, plus a dark green uniform with black buttons and insignia, resembling that of the rifle regiments of the British Army. However, it also followed civic police forces in the rest of the UK in using non-military ranks such as "constable" and "inspector"; and there was a gesture towards "policing by consent" through attempts to match postings

neg: Preventive police set wage-rates of dock workers. Preventive policing, from this perspective, is therefore significant for its role in developing the class system in industrializing England, as part of the broader movement that included the enclosures and poor law to England. Preventive police Preventive police is that aspect of law enforcement intended to act as a deterrent to the commission of crime. Preventive policing is considered a defining characteristic of the modern police, typically associated with Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police, established in 1829. In the century following 1688, severe punishment was the legal mechanism in England for preventing crime, which included