query: when was the first computer sold to consumers

pos: History of personal computers History of personal computers The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1980s. The 1981 launch of the IBM Personal Computer coined both the term "Personal Computer" and "PC". A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer

pos: Commodore International a simple local area network were advantages, but PETs did not compete well in the home setting where graphics and sound were important. This was addressed with the introduction of the VIC-20 in 1981, which was introduced at a cost of US$299 and sold in retail stores. Commodore bought aggressive advertisements featuring William Shatner asking consumers "Why buy just a video game?" The strategy worked and the VIC-20 became the first computer to ship more than one million units. A total of 2.5 million units were sold over the machine's lifetime and helped Commodore's sales to Canadian schools. In another

pos: Clip art publishing. After the introduction of mass-produced personal computers such as the IBM PC in 1981 and the Apple Macintosh in 1984, the widespread use of clip art by consumers became possible through the invention of desktop publishing. For the IBM PC, the first library of professionally drawn clip art was provided with VCN ExecuVision, introduced in 1983. These images were used in business presentations, as well as for other types of presentations. It was the Apple Computer, with its GUI which provided desktop publishing with the tools required to make it a reality for consumers. The LaserWriter laser printer (introduced

neg: Umtech run but they were ahead of their time. VideoBrain was the first personal computer to make loading and running software easy and reliable. In an era when floppy disks were uncommon and expensive, VideoBrain loaded software via ROM cartridges. VideoBrain was the first personal computer to be packaged and sold through department stores as a consumer product. Unfortunately the idea of buying and using a computer (or even touching it in the store) was intimidating to most consumers. To those familiar with computers, VideoBrain did not offer enough capability and flexibility to be useful. It could not be user programmed,

neg: Umtech it easily. Umtech Umtech Incorporated, also known as VideoBrain Computer Company, was an early entrant in the personal computer market that developed, manufactured, and marketed the first computer, VideoBrain, sold in department stores. Although VideoBrain generated major excitement and strong orders when it was introduced at the January 1978 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), consumers did not adopt it as readily as hoped. The company halted manufacturing in the spring of 1979 and was folded into the structure of its largest financial backer, the Cha Group. Umtech was founded in 1976 by Dr. Albert Yu, an integrated circuit engineering manager at

neg: Umtech Umtech Umtech Incorporated, also known as VideoBrain Computer Company, was an early entrant in the personal computer market that developed, manufactured, and marketed the first computer, VideoBrain, sold in department stores. Although VideoBrain generated major excitement and strong orders when it was introduced at the January 1978 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), consumers did not adopt it as readily as hoped. The company halted manufacturing in the spring of 1979 and was folded into the structure of its largest financial backer, the Cha Group. Umtech was founded in 1976 by Dr. Albert Yu, an integrated circuit engineering manager at Intel who

neg: Dell the first computer of its own design, the "Turbo PC", which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation. In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Dell's mentor and implement Dell's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went

neg: Macintosh Macintosh The Macintosh (pronounced as ; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984. The original Macintosh was the first mass-market personal computer that featured a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. Apple sold the Macintosh alongside its popular Apple II family of computers for almost ten years before they were discontinued in 1993. Early Macintosh models were expensive, hindering its competitiveness in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for

neg: TrustedID with each consumer computer sold in the United States and paid products are offered as an upgrade when customers customize the configuration of their personal computer. TrustedID's products are also marketed and promoted by Suze Orman through channels that include QVC and the celebrity's own website. TrustedID's products are also included in Suze Orman's Approved Card, a prepaid debit card. The company's flagship product, IDEssentials, was awarded "Best-in-Class" by Javelin Strategy & Research in 2010. TrustedID TrustedID Inc., founded in 2004, is an American identity protection company. The company's suite of products include free and paid services that help consumers

neg: Packard Bell were among the first IBM PC compatibles sold in retail chains such as Sears. According to "Fortune" magazine, Packard Bell sometimes benefited from misplaced name recognition, with consumers (especially first-time computer buyers) and even some salespeople erroneously associating the company with others of a similar name, such as Hewlett-Packard, Pacific Bell, and Bell Laboratories. The confusion was further facilitated by Packard Bell's then-current slogan, "America grew up listening to us. It still does." The company also sold nearly identical systems under different names, making comparison difficult. Aside from low price and brand confusion, Packard Bell's success in number of units

neg: Video building blocks of the blanking interval. See Computer display standard for a list of standards used for computer monitors and comparison with those used for television. In approximate chronological order. All formats listed were sold to and used by broadcasters, video producers or consumers; or were important historically (VERA). Video Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode ray tube (CRT) systems which were later replaced by flat panel displays of several types. Video systems vary in

neg: History of Dell the University of Texas at Austin in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. As of May 2014, Michael Dell's net worth was stated to be approximately $18 billion . In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design — the "Turbo PC", sold for US$795 — containing an Intel 8088-compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered

neg: VideoBrain Family Computer largest contributor to the VideoBrain's failure was simply a lack of proper marketing and hardware availability. Public understanding of computers in 1977 was significantly lower than it is today, and many potential consumers simply did not understand the benefits of owning a home computer. Additionally, the VideoBrain was mainly sold through mail-order outfits, and only made a brief retail showing at Macy's Department Stores. (By contrast, video game consoles at the time were easily available in a number of department and toy chains, allowing them to far outsell the VideoBrain Computer System). VideoBrain Family Computer The VideoBrain Family Computer (model

neg: Macintosh LC family as the earlier model. The main benefit of the 030 processor in the LC II was the ability to use System 7's virtual memory feature. In spite of this, the new model sold even better than the LC. "Computer Gaming World" in 1990 criticized the LC as too expensive, stating that consumers would prefer a $2,000 IBM PS/1 with VGA graphics to a $3,000 LC with color monitor. Although the Classic was more popular at first, by May 1992 the LC (560,000 sold) was outselling the Classic (1.2 million). More than half of LCs were used in homes and schools;

neg: Movieland demands until they paid, the owner of any computer that received the pop-ups was legally obligated to pay Movieland, and that the computer owner was obligated to satisfy any contract that any other person entered into while using the computer. The only customer service telephone number provided was a 900 number. When consumers called it, a recorded greeting told them that they would incur a $34.95 charge if they did not hang up within three seconds. The complaint also alleged that the defendants made it difficult or impossible for consumers to uninstall the software. Those attempting to remove it through

neg: PC1512 PC1512 The Amstrad PC1512 was Amstrad's mostly IBM PC-compatible computer system, first manufactured in 1986. It was later succeeded by the PC1640. It launched for £499 and sold very well, as it was one of the first cheap PCs in Europe. It significantly helped open up the European PC market to consumers as well as businesses, and Amstrad's advertising of the PC1512 was aimed at homes rather than offices. The 1512's influence was such that the UK PC magazine PC Plus originally targeted itself at the "Amstrad PC 1512 and compatibles", since home ownership of other PCs at the time

neg: Touchatag Touchatag Touchatag (previously TikiTag) was an RFID service for consumers, application developers and operators/enterprises created by Alcatel-Lucent. Consumers could use RFID tags to trigger what touchatag called "Applications", which could include opening a webpage, sending a text message, shutting down the computer, or running a custom application created through the software's API, via the application developer network. Touchatag applications were also compatible with NFC enabled phones like the Nokia 6212. TikiTag was launched as an open beta on October 1, 2008. And it was rebranded to touchatag on February 15, 2009. Touchatag also sold RFID hardware, like a starter package

neg: Computer recycling of data destruction, signed confidentiality agreements, and random audits of information security. The National Association of Information Destruction is an international trade association for data destruction providers. Online auctions are an alternative for consumers willing to resell for cash less fees, in a complicated, self-managed, competitive environment where paid listings might not sell. Online classified ads can be similarly risky due to forgery scams and uncertainty. When researching computer companies before a computer purchase, consumers can find out if they offer recycling services. Most major computer manufacturers offer some form of recycling. At the user's request they may mail in

neg: Videotex once described it as "low resolution", when the coding system was, in fact, capable of 2 resolution in 8-byte mode. There was also a pronounced emphasis in government and Telco circles on "hardware decoding" even after very capable PC-based software decoders became readily available. This emphasis on special single-purpose hardware was yet another impediment to the widespread adoption of the system. One of the earliest experiments with marketing videotex to consumers in the U.S. was by Radio Shack, which sold a consumer videotex terminal, essentially a single-purpose predecessor to the TRS-80 Color Computer, in outlets across the country. Sales were

neg: Northgate Computers Northgate Computers Northgate Computer Systems, Inc., based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States, was a mail-order personal computer company, founded in 1987 by Arthur "Art" Lazere. The 1990s were a golden era for mail-order PC business. Consumers were fed up with high prices for IBM, Compaq and other brand-name PCs sold through dealers so they opted to purchase their computers from a catalog. This was a revolutionary idea at the time, because people wouldn't be able to see or touch their computer before buying it. Aside from Dell and Gateway, popular brands of mail-order PCs were Northgate and Zeos. The

neg: Seagate Technology the Shugart "mini-floppy" drive. The hard disk, which used a Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) encoding, was a hit, and was later released in a 10-megabyte version, the ST-412. With this Seagate secured a contract as a major OEM supplier for the IBM XT, IBM's first personal computer to contain a hard disk. The large volumes of units sold to IBM, the then-dominant supplier of PCs, fueled Seagate's early growth. In their first year, Seagate shipped $10 million of units to consumers. By 1983, the company shipped over 200,000 units for revenues of $110 million. The 20-megabyte version, the ST-225, and

neg: Macintosh other media without external third-party hardware. The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days. It made the company an annual profit of US$309 million, Apple's first profitable year since Michael Spindler took over as CEO in 1995. This aesthetic was applied to the Power Macintosh and later the iBook, Apple's first consumer-level laptop computer, filling the missing quadrant of Apple's "four-square product matrix" ("desktop" and "portable" products for both "consumers" and "professionals"). More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success. The

neg: Commodore MAX Machine printer, or modem. It was intended to sell for around 200 USD. Although the MAX had better graphics and sound capability, Commodore's own VIC-20, which sold for around the same amount of money, was much more expandable, had a much larger software library, and had a better keyboard—all of which made it more attractive to consumers. Unlike the C-64, the MAX never sold well and was quickly discontinued. Commodore MAX Machine The Commodore MAX Machine, also known as Ultimax in the United States and VC-10 in Germany, is a home computer designed and sold by Commodore International in Japan, beginning

neg: RCA the Videocomp, and a Laser Color Scanner. The Videocomp was supported by a Spectra computer that ran the Page-1 and, later the Page-II and FileComp composition systems. RCA later sold the Videocomp rights to Information International Inc. RCA became a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965. The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. Sales of the 8-track tape format declined when consumers increasingly favored the 4-track compact cassette tape format developed by Philips. On January 1, 1965, Robert Sarnoff succeeded his father as RCA's president, although the

neg: CMS Energy Charlevoix, Michigan. The company announced another nuclear plant, Palisades Nuclear Generating Station on Lake Michigan, which first produced electricity in December, 1971 to serve 400,000 people a day. CMS Energy owned the plant until 2006, when it was sold to Entergy. It then announced a gas reforming plant to furnish heat for Michigan homes in 1971. This plant was the first of its kind in North America to produce synthetic gas, converting impure liquid petroleum into pipeline-quality natural gas. In 1987, CMS Energy, a holding company with its principal subsidiaries as Consumers Power and CMS Enterprises was formed. Consumers Power

neg: Video game crash of 1983 a $1,565 base price (), while Sinclair Research introduced its low-end ZX81 microcomputer for £70 (). By , new desktop computer designs were commonly providing better color graphics and sound than game consoles and personal computer sales were booming. The TI 99/4A and the Atari 400 were both at $349 (), Radio Shack's Color Computer sold at $379 (), and Commodore International had just reduced the price of the VIC-20 to $199 () and the 64 to $499 (). By 1983, consumers found that most predicted uses of home computers were unrealistic, except for games. Children used most home computers—Coleco

neg: Overclocking when AMD sold an overclocked version of the Intel 8088 CPU. In 1984, some consumers were overclocking IBM's version of the Intel 80286 CPU by replacing the clock crystal. Overclocking Overclocking in the context of computing devices refers to making them "run faster" than originally intended. More specifically it is the configuration of computer hardware components to operate faster than certified by the original manufacturer, with "faster" specified as clock frequency in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). Commonly operating voltage is also increased to maintain a component's operational stability at accelerated speeds. Semiconductor devices operated at higher frequencies and voltages

neg: Apple Inc. worked collaboratively to rebuild Apple's status. On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of the Macintosh 128K: the iMac. The iMac design team was led by Ive, who would later design the iPod and the iPhone. The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design, and sold almost 800,000 units in its first five months. During this period, Apple completed numerous acquisitions to create a portfolio of digital production software for both professionals and consumers. In 1998, Apple purchased Macromedia's Key Grip software project, signaling an expansion into the digital video editing market. The sale was

neg: Clip art T/Maker published the first vector-based clip art images made with Illustrator, despite widespread unfamiliarity with the bezier curves required to edit vector art. However, graphic designers and many consumers quickly realized the enormous advantages of vector art, and T/Maker's clip art became the gold standard of the industry in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1994, T/Maker was sold to Deluxe Corp and then two years later to its main rival, Broderbund. With widespread adoption of the CD-ROM in the early 1990s, several pre-computer clip art companies such as Dover Publications also began offering electronic clip art. The mid-1990s

neg: Audio Home Recording Act of making digital audio copied recordings by use of a digital audio recording device. In each case, the principal distinction between what is and is not covered by the AHRA is determined by whether or not the device is marketed or designed (or in the case of media, commonly used by consumers) to make audio recordings, not the device's capabilities. A CD-R recorder included as part of a personal computer would not be a digital audio recording device under the Act, since the personal computer was not marketed primarily for making copies of music. The same recorder, sold as a

neg: Consumers Digest Consumers Digest Founded in 1960 and published by Consumers Digest Communications, LLC, Consumers Digest is an American magazine. The magazine has no subscribers and does not actually test the products they present their 'Best Buys' awards to. Instead, companies pay Consumers Digest for the right to promote their products as 'Best Buys'. They rely on consumer confusion of their name with the well-known Consumer Reports magazine, published by the nonprofit organization Consumers Union. Consumers Digest Communications is a privately owned, for-profit business entity. The magazine is sold at newsstands only and does not reveal its sales figures. In 2001, when

neg: Consumers, Utah of 1921-22, Gibson began to develop a seam of coal, hiring labor to work the mine. By 1924, the Consumers Mutual Coal Company was formed; the town that was originally called Gibson changed its name to Consumers. The Consumers Mine was the first in Utah to use conveyor belts to haul the coal, rather than mine cars. In September, 1927, the company was sold to the Blue Blaze Coal Company. The town shared a post office, school house, hospital and amusement hall with the nearby towns of National and Sweet. Consumers had its own store and a central well. The

neg: Online shopping although the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard is intended to minimize the impact of such breaches. Identity theft is still a concern for consumers. A number of high-profile break-ins in the 2000s has prompted some U.S. states to require disclosure to consumers when this happens. Computer security has thus become a major concern for merchants and e-commerce service providers, who deploy countermeasures such as firewalls and anti-virus software to protect their networks. Phishing is another danger, where consumers are fooled into thinking they are dealing with a reputable retailer, when they have actually been manipulated into feeding private information

neg: Extended Copy Protection when the same CD is placed in a computer. Professor Picker analyzes the four main issues with add-on DRM. The first problem, as demonstrated in the XCP example, is that capable consumers can simply by-pass the DRM. Turning off autorun prevented the rootkit installation and thus invalidated the DRM scheme. The second problem is consumer reaction. Adding DRM to a legacy product like music CDs, which traditionally had no rights management scheme, will infuriate consumers. Professor Picker points out that in the wake of the negative publicity surrounding the Sony add-on DRM, Amazon.com began alerting customers as to which Sony

neg: Atari 8-bit family The 130XE, released in 1985, increased the memory to 128K of bank-switched RAM. The Atari 8-bit computer line sold two million units during its major production run between late 1979 and mid-1985. They were not only sold through dedicated computer retailers, but department stores such as Sears, using an in-store demo to attract customers. The primary competition in the worldwide market came several years later, when the Commodore 64 was introduced in 1982. This was the first computer to offer similar graphics performance, and went on to be the best selling computer of the 8-bit era. Atari also found a

neg: Zinstall WinWin Zinstall WinWin Zinstall WinWin is a PC migration software, which allows to transfer applications, settings and files from one computer to another. It is used by consumers and businesses to keep user environment and data intact when moving to a new computer or doing a PC refresh. A more advanced version of the product (Zinstall Rescue Kit), allows to rescue user's applications, setting and data directly off the old computer's hard drive, in situations when the old computer cannot be turned on or loaded successfully. WinWin transfers the user workspace from one computer to another. The transfer is done over

neg: Audience measurement generally were thrown into question with the arrival of new media, especially digital media and changes to the public's media habits. People meters, which recorded the household's viewing by noting the station to which a TV was tuned, failed to capture new viewing habits such as recording programs for playback at a later time or watching a podcast / download on another device such as a tablet or computer. The proliferation of new media has given consumers much greater control over where and when they access content. For instance, Video on Demand (VoD) enables consumers to decide "when" to watch

neg: Consumers Distributing from a catalogue, filled out a form listing the items they wanted, then waited for stock staff to retrieve the items from the warehouse. The business model of Consumers Distributing has been described as "Internet shopping before the Internet". The first Consumers Distributing store was opened in 1957 by Jack Stupp and Sydney Druckman in Toronto. The company was taken public in 1969. In 1978, Oshawa Group sold the 50% interest it had acquired. In 1988, revenues topped $1-billion. Consumers Distributing purchased the 42-store Cardinal Distributors catalogue chain from Steinberg Inc. and the 70-store American chain Consumers from May Department

neg: The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin on this exciting journey around the world. He first got interested in Bitcoin in 2011 and from there he has been in love with it. When Daniel first got interested in Bitcoin, he started mining Bitcoin. Mining is a transaction record keeping system completed by the consumers. These transactions are then placed on the blockchain, which is a public ledger. Mining rewards the miners with a small percentage of Bitcoin when they complete a transaction. Throughout the documentary, Daniel purchases multiple new computer processors to make sure he has the best equipment to mine. Charlie Shrem was the founder of

neg: Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market Edge Model D comprised 1% of the US home-computer market that year, and toy and discount stores sold a clone made by Hyundai like a stereo, without a demonstrator model or salesman. Tandy and other inexpensive clones succeeded with consumers—who saw them as superior to lower-end game machines—where IBM failed two years earlier with the PCjr. They were as inexpensive as home computers of a few years earlier, and comparable in price to the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, and Apple IIGS. Unlike the PCjr, clones were as fast as or faster than the IBM PC and highly compatible so users

neg: Appliance recycling In 2003, the California Electronic Waste Recycling Act was signed. It established a new program for consumers to return, recycle, and ensure the safe and environmentally sound disposal of video display devices, such as televisions and computer monitors, that are hazardous wastes when discarded. In 2005, consumers began paying a 6-10 dollar fee when buying an electronic device. These fees are used to pay e-waste collectors and recyclers to cover their cost of managing e-waste. The EWRA classifies e-waste by dividing the products into two categories: electronic devices and covered electronic devices. Only covered electronic devices (CEDs) are included in

neg: Consumers Energy Plant in Charlevoix from 1962 to 1997 and built the Palisades Nuclear Plant near South Haven in 1971, which was sold to Entergy. In 1968, Consumers Power began construction of a nuclear power plant in Midland, Michigan, primarily for the Dow Chemical Company. However, construction issues caused delays and increased costs. The Three Mile Island accident in 1979 resulted in a massive change in nuclear regulatory requirements and system redesign. When it was revealed the containment buildings were settling and foundation cracks were discovered, Dow cancelled their contract with Consumers Power, and the project was abandoned in 1984. The $4.1

neg: Robert Leo Hulseman red solo cups proved popular with both his children and consumers. Hulseman, himself, favored blue solo cups. Husleman initially launched the red solo cups in smaller 5, 7 and 9 ounce sizes. However, he eventually introduced the iconic 16 ounce red solo cup, which proved to be the most popular size long term. When the 16 ounce red cups were first sold, very few consumers drank beers that size. However, consumer tastes changed to match the size of the popular plastic cups. Today, the plastic solo cups are manufactured in dozens of colors, but the red solo cups remain the

neg: Self-serving bias there may be a feasible conflict resolution mechanism. Computers have become an integral part of everyday life, and research has shown that individuals may subconsciously treat interactions with computers as they would treat a social situation. This finding combined with what is known about the self-serving bias in interpersonal relations indicates that consumers that use a computer to buy products will take personal credit for successful purchases but blame the computer for negative purchase experiences. It was also found, however, that consumers are more willing to attribute successful purchases to the computer and not ascribe blame to the computer for

neg: Amoco soon in more states. Standard Oil (Indiana) was formed in 1889 by John D. Rockefeller as part of the Standard Oil Trust. In 1910, with the rise in popularity of the automobile, Indiana Standard decided to specialize in providing gasoline to consumers. In 1911, the year it became independent from the Standard Oil trust, the company sold 88% of the gasoline and kerosene sold in the Midwest. In 1912 it opened its first gas service station in Minneapolis, Minnesota. When the Standard Oil Trust was broken up in 1911, Indiana Standard was assigned marketing territory covering most of the Midwestern

neg: IBM PCjr the first issue of "PCjr Magazine" even before the first units shipped; competing computer magazines included "Peanut", "PCjr World", "jr", and "Compute! for the PC and PCjr". At least one instant book on the computer was published the same month as its introduction, with the publisher comparing the PCjr to Operation Entebbe and the Jonestown Massacre in consumers' desire for information about it. George Morrow was one of the few to be pessimistic about the PCjr after its announcement, predicting that Commodore's Jack Tramiel would "make mincemeat" of the "toylike" computer. "Somehow the mighty colossus looked a lot smaller that

neg: Lenovo June 2015, Lenovo announced plans to sell up to US$650 million in five-year bonds denominated in Chinese yuan. The bonds will be sold in Hong Kong with coupon ranging from 4.95% to 5.05%. This is only the second sale of bonds in Lenovo's history. Financial commentators noted that Lenovo was paying a premium to list the bonds in yuan given relatively low costs for borrowing in American dollars. The Tianxi computer was designed to make it easy for inexperienced Chinese consumers to use computers and access the Internet. One of its most important features was a button that instantly connected

neg: Power Mac G5 Power Mac G5 The Power Mac G5 is a series of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 2003 to 2006 as part of the Power Mac series. When introduced, it was the most powerful computer in Apple's Macintosh lineup, and was marketed by the company as the world's first 64-bit desktop computer. It was also the first desktop computer from Apple to use an anodized aluminum alloy enclosure, and one of only two computers in Apple's lineup to utilize the PowerPC 970 CPU, the other being the iMac G5. Three generations of Power Mac G5

neg: Mystery House what Roberta had initially considered a hobby project sold over 10,000 copies through mail-order. Including its 1982 rerelease through the SierraVenture line, the game sold 80,000 units worldwide, making it one of the best-selling computer games at the time. "Computer Gaming World" in 1996 ranked it fourth on the magazine's list of the most innovative computer games. "GamePro" named "Mystery House" the 51st most important game of all time in 2007, for introducing a visual component to adventure games and for featuring graphics at a time when most computer games did not. Though the game is often considered the first

neg: Symantec The sale was completed by February 2016 that turned Veritas into a privately owned company. As of 2015, Symantec's Norton product line includes Norton Security, Norton Small Business, Norton Family, Norton Mobile Security, Norton Online Backup, Norton360, Norton Utilities and Norton Computer Tune Up. In 2012, PCTools iAntiVirus was rebranded as a Norton product under the name "iAntivirus", and released to the Mac App Store. Also in 2012, the Norton Partner Portal was relaunched to support sales to consumers throughout the EMEA technologies. In 1993, Symantec acquired ACT! from Contact Software International. Symantec sold ACT! to SalesLogix in 1999. At

neg: Renault Espace Renault in July 1984. After a slow start, a mere nine Espaces were sold in the first month, consumers realised the benefits of the MPV concept and the Espace became popular. It was sold in the United Kingdom from August 1985. In October 1984 the turbodiesel versions Turbo D and Turbo DX arrived. To accommodate the diesel engine, these have a protruding grille and a correspondingly larger front bumper. In 1984, American Motors Corporation (AMC) announced it would begin to market the front wheel drive Espace in the United States. The minivan was exhibited to consumers at the 1985 Chicago

neg: GE Capital was incorporated as a Restricted License Bank in Hong Kong. Its major focus was in mortgages (homes and automobile) and personal loans. GE Capital sold its Hong Kong operations to Standard Chartered. "Budapest Bank", was established in 1987 as one of the first commercial banks when the two-tier banking system was created in Hungary. Since 1995, GE (General Electric Company) as owner provided solid background for the bank. Budapest Bank offered a full range of financial and banking services for consumers and small and medium-sized businesses. Budapest Bank was sold to MFB in 2014. GE had more than 118 branches

neg: IBM JX IBM JX The IBM JX (or JXPC) was a personal computer released in 1984 into the Japanese, Australian and New Zealand markets. Designed in Japan, it was based on the technology of the IBM PCjr and was designated the IBM 5511. It was targeted in the Australian market towards the public education sector rather than at consumers, and was sold in three levels: JX (64 KiB), JX2 (128 KiB) and JX3 (256 KiB). Upgrades were available to both 384 KiB and 512 KiB. The IBM JX's main difference from the PCjr was a professional keyboard (rather than the PCjr's disparaged

neg: IBM JX against more-sophisticated rival computers. IBM JX The IBM JX (or JXPC) was a personal computer released in 1984 into the Japanese, Australian and New Zealand markets. Designed in Japan, it was based on the technology of the IBM PCjr and was designated the IBM 5511. It was targeted in the Australian market towards the public education sector rather than at consumers, and was sold in three levels: JX (64 KiB), JX2 (128 KiB) and JX3 (256 KiB). Upgrades were available to both 384 KiB and 512 KiB. The IBM JX's main difference from the PCjr was a professional keyboard (rather

neg: Macintosh Performa it was based on. Unlike the professional Macintosh lines, each individual Performa bundle was given a unique model number, in some cases varying only by the software bundle or the specific retailer that sold that model. This was intended to accommodate retailers, who could advertise that they could beat their competitors' price on equivalent models while at the same time ensuring that they did not actually carry the same models as their competitors. To help consumers choose between the options available to them, Apple created multiple paid advertisements including "The Martinettis Bring Home a Computer", a thirty-minute "storymercial" about a

neg: Inphonex services are available to service providers through InPhonex's reseller program. InPhonex was created in 2003 by Bill Nesbitt and Kooi Lim to capitalize on the opportunity to spread the revolution of VoIP communications technology. Nesbitt founded Hiway Technologies, which was acquired by Verio in 1998 for $400 million. Lim founded Superclone, which sold more than $150 million in computers and computer components from 1988 to 2004. In 1996 Lim also founded KCL.net, an ISP that provides hosting, collocation, and broadband services to businesses and consumers. In order to build out the organization, Nesbitt and Lim brought in Todd Hirshorn. Hirshorn

neg: Joel Billings Joel Billings Joel Billings is an American video game designer. He is the founder of the game company SSI. He was also the company's president. Joel Billings approached Avalon Hill to publish a computer game called "Computer Bismarck", and when they turned him down he decided to found his own company to publish the game. Billings started SSI in 1979 just after finishing college, with a $1000 initial investment. The first product was "Computer Bismarck", which he co-wrote. Designed for the TRS-80 and Apple II home computers, it is viewed as the first computer war game ever published. It sold

neg: Macintosh II Macintosh II The Macintosh II is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from March 1987 to January 1990. It is the first model of the Macintosh II family, and the first Macintosh to support a color display. When first introduced, a basic system with 20 MB drive and monitor cost . With a 13-inch color monitor and 8-bit display card the price was around . This price placed it in competition with workstations from Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Hewlett-Packard. The Macintosh II was designed by hardware engineers Michael Dhuey (computer) and Brian Berkeley (monitor)

neg: Steve Jobs Wozniak (Jobs oversaw the development of the Apple II's unusual case and Rod Holt developed the unique power supply). It was introduced in 1977 at the West Coast Computer Faire by Jobs and was the first consumer product sold by Apple Computer. The Lisa is a personal computer designed by Apple during the early 1980s. It was the first personal computer to offer a graphical user interface in a machine aimed at individual business users. Development of the Lisa began in 1978. The Lisa sold poorly, with only 100,000 units sold. In 1982, after Jobs was forced out of the

neg: Computer User now listed on the current publishers website awards. "Computer User" became franchised to 18 metropolitan U.S. markets wherein "Computer User" provided content and the local publisher provided advertising and some local content. At some point, based on a reference from the University of Minnesota Library the publisher was Computer User Publications, Inc. "Computer User" was sold to M. S. P. Publications - a very successful Minneapolis-based magazine publisher. MSP published "Computer User" until 2004, when paper publication ceased and the enterprise and web based name rights were sold to ComputerUser, Inc. a New York State registered company. "Computer User's" style

neg: SimpleTech SimpleTech SimpleTech is a consumer brand of external hard drives and backup products owned by Fabrik Inc. and designed to integrate computer hardware, software, and online services to help consumers store, protect, manage, and share digital content. The brand and product line was originally created by Simple Technology, a company founded in 1990, which later changed its name to SimpleTech in 2001. SimpleTech (now STEC, Inc.) sold the SimpleTech brand and consumer products: flash memory cards, USB flash drives, memory upgrades, and external and portable disk drive storage, to Fabrik in February 2007. Fabrik acquired the SimpleTech's storage platform to

neg: Consumers Software Consumers Software Consumers Software was a computer networking company based in Canada. The company created early spreadsheet utilities and later developed Network Courier, an email product based on the concept of one or more connected 'post offices'. The post office could be connected to legacy email systems, such as PROFS, DEC and other largely mainframe based email system using connectors. Consumers Software was one of two companies selling PC-LAN email systems at the time. The other was , based in California. Consumers Software was acquired by Microsoft on March 18, 1991 and merged its technology with Microsoft Windows and Microsoft

neg: Powel Crosley Jr. the company's pre-war tradition of offering small, lightweight, and low-priced cars. It sold for $850 and got thirty to fifty miles per U.S. gallon. In 1949 Crosley became the first American carmaker to put disc brakes on all of its models.s Unfortunately for Crosley, fuel economy ceased to be an inducement after gas rationing ended, and American consumers also began to prefer bigger cars. Crosley's best year was 1948, when it sold With 24,871 cars, but sales began to fall in 1949. Adding the Crosley "Hotshot" sports model and an all-purpose vehicle called the "Farm-O-Road" model in 1950 did not

neg: X25-M Because Intel used the same exact name for these new drives, the consumers nicknamed the 34 nm SSDs as the "X25-M G2". A third generation drive called the "X25-M G3" was rumored to come out in late 2010 but was delayed until early 2011. However, a blog said it was quietly sold on Taobao, a Chinese eBay-esque website. Before the X25-M was released, all of the multi-level cell (MLC) drives were the same piece of hardware, but with a different company logo on it. This is called rebranding, which happens often in the computer hardware market, but Intel opted to

neg: EduCap of the student loan company. EduCap was insolvent when Reynolds was hired, but, as reported by "The Washington Post", she established a nationwide private education loan program and established a for-profit affiliate, Servus Financial. It became the first education loan company to securitize credit-based private loans on Wall Street, was the first to market private student loan programs directly to consumers, and was the first to provide access to education financing as an employee benefit for corporations. In March of 2000, Servus Financial was sold to Wells Fargo Bank. In seven years, the foundation’s initial investment of $60,000 became worth

neg: BarNone "Everyone Deserves A Second Chance". BarNone BarNone (1-800-BarNone) is a lead generation company based in Oakland, California. BarNone was founded in 1995 and was later purchased by the First Advantage Corporation in 2005 for their Dealer Services segment. They were later sold to Centrro, Inc. in August 2009. BarNone connects consumers seeking an auto loan with auto dealerships. Consumers are targeted through direct mail, television ads, and internet marketing. BarNone targets consumers who typically have bad credit that need help with an auto loan. In 2002, BarNone Inc. acquired rights to "adopt" the former Pets.com sockpuppet in their advertisements, replacing

neg: BarNone BarNone BarNone (1-800-BarNone) is a lead generation company based in Oakland, California. BarNone was founded in 1995 and was later purchased by the First Advantage Corporation in 2005 for their Dealer Services segment. They were later sold to Centrro, Inc. in August 2009. BarNone connects consumers seeking an auto loan with auto dealerships. Consumers are targeted through direct mail, television ads, and internet marketing. BarNone targets consumers who typically have bad credit that need help with an auto loan. In 2002, BarNone Inc. acquired rights to "adopt" the former Pets.com sockpuppet in their advertisements, replacing Fran Tarkenton. BarNone's slogan is

neg: Apple Pippin Bandai. In particular, computer illiterate people did not know what an "@" sign was, as in @WORLD. Consumers in America could not grasp the idea of surfing the Internet using such a device. The executive could not understand how Americans might not be interested in surfing the Internet. Even among internet surfers, the Apple Pippin was not necessarily the console of choice. A July 1996 article in "Electronic Gaming Monthly" pointed out that the competing Sega Saturn and its separately sold Netlink device combined still cost under $400, making it a far less expensive internet option than the Pippin. And,

neg: Vernon Irvin also had inbuilt computer technology. Effectively, VeriSign now had a new content distribution platform which also integrated with the internet, which was both secure and auditable - now all they needed was the content. While Irvin sourced content, Jamba became Jamster in the United States. Irvin struck a deal with Kevin Liles, President of Warner Music Group, to provide mobile consumers with early access to hip-hop artist Mike Jones' debut album ""Who Is Mike Jones?"" - in return, Jones created the first artist-endorsed Jamster ring-tone advertisement in the US. When ""Who is Mike Jones"" was released it debuted among the

neg: Used car and trucks were sold in the United States, a slight increase from 17.5 million used cars sold in 2015. In 1898, the Empire State Motor Wagon Company in Catskill, New York is one of the very first American used car lots. The used vehicle market is substantially larger than other large retail sectors, such as the school and office products market (US$206 billion in estimated annual sales) and the home improvement market (US$291 billion in estimated annual sales). As of 2016, 38.5 million used vehicles were sold. The Federal Trade Commission recommends that consumers consider a car retailer’s reputation when

neg: ASCII (magazine) magazine for business, while the I/O was for hobbyists. The first issue was sold 5,000 copies. It became one of the most popular computer magazine in 1980s in Japan. In 1999, the magazine reached its largest circulation of 170,000 copies. ASCII (magazine) The , a computer game magazine, was first published as an extra issue of the ASCII in 1982, and the was branched from the LOGiN. In 1976, NEC released the TK-80, a single-board computer kit, and it became popular among hobbyists in Japan. joined foundation of the first Japanese microcomputer magazine "I/O" (ja) as an editor when he

neg: CarProof and export data, registration and branding info and full U.S. history. PROOF Packs provide consumers the option to look into multiple vehicles with a single purchase. Consumers can run Claims reports on three vehicles, and when they decide they're serious about one of them, they can run a lien check to make sure it's a good buy. CARPROOF's Vehicle Valuation Report provides Canadian dealers with valuation information that is based on what comparable vehicles sold for, as opposed to their listing prices which is how most valuation products are structured. In addition to being used by consumers, CARPROOF is also

neg: Digital Video Interactive RCA. When General Electric purchased RCA in 1986, GE considered the DSRC redundant with its own labs, and sought a buyer. In 1988, GE sold the DSRC to SRI International,but sold the DVI technology separately to Intel corporation. DVI technology allowed full-screen, full motion digital video, as well as stereo audio, still images, and graphics to be presented on a DOS-based desktop computer. DVI content was usually distributed on CD-ROM discs, which in turn was decoded and displayed via specialized add-in card hardware installed in the computer. Audio and video files for DVI were among the first to use data

neg: IBM Personal Computer end of that year the company was selling one every minute of the business day. It estimated that 50 to 70% of PCs sold in retail stores went to the home, and the publicity from selling a popular product to consumers caused IBM to, a spokesman said, "enter the world" by familiarizing them with the Colossus of Armonk. Although the PC only provided two to three percent of sales the company found that it had underestimated demand by as much as 800%. Because its prices were based on forecasts of much lower volume—250,000 over five years, which would have made

neg: Timex Sinclair 1000 a lower price (US$80). However, the TS1500 did not achieve market success, given that the marketplace was by this time dominated by Commodore, RadioShack, Atari and Apple. Timex claimed to have sold 600,000 TS1000s in the US by early 1983, and other companies imported localized versions of British software. It sold for US$99.95 in the US when it debuted, making it the cheapest home computer at the time; it was advertised as "the first computer under $100". This pricing initiated a price war with Commodore International, who quickly reduced the price of its VIC-20 to match and later announced a

neg: History of personal computers from a practical perspective, functioned as if it were indeed powered by an 8008, making it a "de facto" microcomputer. The Kenbak-1, released in early 1971, is considered by the Computer History Museum to be the world's first personal computer. It was designed and invented by John Blankenbaker of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and was first sold in early 1971. Unlike a modern personal computer, the Kenbak-1 was built of small-scale integrated circuits, and did not use a microprocessor. The system first sold for US$750. Only around 40 machines were ever built and sold. In 1973, production of the Kenbak-1

neg: Facilitation board (economics) facilitation boards first announce a set of indicative prices which workers and consumers use, individually and through their councils at each level, when deciding on their production and consumption proposals. Proposals could be done either collectively through a local consumer council, or individually on a computer; or any combination of the two. When the proposals are all in, the IFBs aggregate all the production and consumption proposals for the different categories of goods and services – inputs into all the production processes as well as consumer goods – to see if proposed supply and demand are equal. If they are

neg: TRS-80 did not sell. Having spent less than on development, Radio Shack announced the TRS-80 (Tandy Radio Shack) at a New York City press conference on August 3, 1977. It cost ($ today), or ($ today) with a 12" monitor and a Radio Shack tape recorder as datacassette storage; the most expensive product Radio Shack previously sold was a stereo. The company hoped that the new computer would help Radio Shack sell higher-priced products, and improve its "schlocky" image among customers. Small businesses were the primary target market, followed by educators, then consumers and hobbyists; despite its hobbyist customer base, Radio

neg: Umtech the keyboard was limited, and the 1K of RAM could not be expanded. On the other hand, VideoBrain was too expensive to compete with video games. While consumer channels regrouped after VideoBrain, personal computer manufacturers turned their attention from hobbyists to business. It seems the Apple MacIntosh capitalized on Umtech’s experience a few years later when it came out as a system where the user was not expected to open the case to add or delete hardware. With glamorous marketing, Apple made consumers comfortable that, as intended for VideoBrain, they could bring a computer home, plug it in, and use

neg: Michael Aldrich Internet 25 years later. In March 1980 he launched Redifon's Office Revolution. The Revolution was that corporate computer information systems had hitherto been in-house.From hereon consumers, customers, agents, distributors,suppliers and service companies would be connected on-line to the corporate systems and business would be transacted electronically in real-time. During the 1980s he designed, manufactured, sold, installed, maintained and supported many online shopping systems, using videotex technology. These systems which also provided voice response and handprint processing pre-date the Internet and the World Wide Web, the IBM PC, and Microsoft MS-DOS, and were installed mainly in the UK by large corporations.

neg: Aster CT-80 Aster CT-80 The Aster CT-80, an early (1982) home/personal computer developed by the small Dutch company MCP (later renamed to Aster Computers), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists. Later it was sold ready to use. It consisted of several Eurocard PCB's with DIN 41612 connectors, and a backplane all based on a 19-inch rack configuration. It was the first commercially available Dutch personal/home computer. The Aster computer could use the software written for the popular Tandy TRS-80 computer while fixing many of the problems of that computer, but it could also run CP/M software, with

neg: National Mission for Enhanced Efficiency two Power Exchanges vis-a-vis Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) or can also be sold to the designated consumers who are not able to meet their energy savings targets. PAT Scheme also lays down the provision of penalty for those designated consumers who are unable to meet the desired targets after implementation of measures and purchase of ESCerts. PAT Cycle I - The first phase of the PAT Cycle was executed from 2012-13 to 2014-15. In this phase, 478 number of Designated Consumers (DCs) were selected for reduction of their specific energy consumption. These DCs covered

neg: Giochi per il mio computer Giochi per il mio computer Giochi per il mio computer (), also known by the acronym GMC, was an Italian magazine about computer video games and every thing concerns this topic. In Italy it represented the leading magazine in its field and frequently sold more than 100,000 copies. The internal structure, which is still unchanged, is divided in eight sections: In past years GMC has had frequent changes in its publisher: when first created, it was published by "Il mio castello editore", in Autumn 2000 it was passed to a division of Future Publishing, "Future Media Italy" (with many other

neg: Roasted chestnut primarily in Manhattan. Though they've been sold regularly for well over a century, the major consumers are primarily tourists, not residents. Once common, they've become less so. They're sold ($3-$4 a bag) starting either at the beginning of autumn, or when the first chill sets in – about the end of September, or early October, until early spring. The few vendors who currently sell them say they mostly sell to tourists around the Christmas holidays. Roasted chestnut Roasted chestnut is a popular autumn and winter street food in East Asia, Europe, and New York City. Asian chestnuts ("Castanea crenata", "C.

neg: Training pants will contain a wetness indicator. This is a set of designs printed in special ink that evaporates from liquid that is absorbed from the wearer-specifically urine, near the area that is most commonly urinated. When the child does wet the pants, these designs smudge to the point that they fade completely to white. This is intended to be an incentive for staying dry and a way to discourage wetting, and to identify when he or she is wet. Such a feature was first sold to consumers in 2000. In addition to the visual wetness indicator, some companies have gone as

neg: Compis capacity. Compis Compis (Swedish name), Scandis (Norwegian name) was a computer system designed and sold to schools beginning 1984. Since it was intended for educational use, it received the name "Compis", which is short for "COMPuter In School". The name can also be interpreted as a pun on the Scandinavian word "kompis", meaning friend or pal. The development was started by Svenska Datorer in 1982 and was overtaken by TeleNova when the former went bankrupt. The computer was distributed by Esselte and mostly marketed towards, and sold to, Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish gymnasium-level schools. The computer was based on the

neg: Compis Compis Compis (Swedish name), Scandis (Norwegian name) was a computer system designed and sold to schools beginning 1984. Since it was intended for educational use, it received the name "Compis", which is short for "COMPuter In School". The name can also be interpreted as a pun on the Scandinavian word "kompis", meaning friend or pal. The development was started by Svenska Datorer in 1982 and was overtaken by TeleNova when the former went bankrupt. The computer was distributed by Esselte and mostly marketed towards, and sold to, Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish gymnasium-level schools. The computer was based on the Intel

neg: Power Macintosh 8500 Power Macintosh 8500 The Power Macintosh 8500 (sold as the Power Macintosh 8515 in Europe and Japan) is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from August 1995 to February 1997. Billed as a high-end graphics computer, the Power Macintosh 8500 was the first Macintosh to ship with a replaceable daughtercard. Though slower than the 132 MHz Power Macintosh 9500, the first-generation 8500 featured several audio and video (S-Video and composite video) in/out ports not found in the 9500. In fact, the 8500 incorporated near-broadcast quality (640×480) A/V input and output and was the first personal computer

neg: Thomas William Ferguson with one another, and urged doctors to collaborate with patients rather than command them. Predicting the Internet's potential for disseminating medical information long before it became a familiar conduit, he was an early proponent of its use, terming laymen who did so 'E-Patients'." He researched and promoted the popular use of electronic resources including the Internet to gather information and cope with medical conditions. In 1993 he organized the world's first conference devoted to computer systems designed for medical consumers. He exemplified his own philosophy when he was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 1991. "He relentlessly pursued strategies for both

neg: Modem therefore designed from the outset to carry higher frequencies. A single cable can carry radio and television signals at the same time as broadband internet service without interference. Newer types of broadband modems are also available, including satellite modems and power line modems. Most consumers did not know about networking and routers when broadband became available. However, many people knew that a modem connected a computer to the Internet over a telephone line. To take advantage of consumers' familiarity with modems, companies called these devices "broadband modems" rather than using less familiar terms such as "adapter", "interface", "transceiver", or "bridge".

neg: Gary Robinson Gary Robinson Gary Robinson is an American software engineer and mathematician and inventor notable for his mathematical algorithms to fight spam. In addition, he patented a method to use web browser cookies to track consumers across different web sites, allowing marketers to better match advertisements with consumers. The patent was bought by DoubleClick, and then DoubleClick was bought by Google. He is credited as being one of the first to use automated collaborative filtering technologies to turn word-of-mouth recommendations into useful data. In 2003, Robinson's article in "Linux Journal" detailed a new approach to computer programming perhaps best described as

neg: Gaming computer advertising in "Computer Gaming World" in 1993, claiming that the "Falcon MACH series are the first personal computers designed especially for the serious gamer in mind". "Computer Gaming World" reiterated in 1994, "we have to advise readers who want a machine that will play most of the games to purchase high-end MS-DOS machines". The magazine reported in August that the 80486DX at 33 MHz was the "minimum machine for the rest of 1994". LAN parties helped to promote the use of network cards and routers among consumers. This equipment is now commonly used by non-gamers with broadband Internet access to

neg: NYX Cosmetics were jumbo eye pencils, which brought in revenue of $2 million within the first year. The products were initially sold only to beauty professionals before Ko expanded sale to mass-market outlets. The products were marketed as having "department store quality" while being sold at "drugstore prices." NYX used social media to promote their products, such as by sending free product to independent YouTube makeup artists and vloggers. Sales of NYX products increased during the economic slowdown in 2008, when consumers shopping for cosmetics at prices below those in high-end stores found similar NYX products at mass market outlets such as

neg: Dell Studio but users were offered the Windows 7 upgrade at no extra cost from Microsoft. The last units to be sold came with Windows 7, but with the maximum ram upgrade of 4gb, could easily run Windows 8 or Windows 10 without a problem. The included stand could be configured to stand up the computer either vertically or horizontally. The appropriate "Hybrid" logo would light up depending on how the machine is orientated. Using the same case style as Dell's Inspiron 530 and 530s desktops but with a black color, the Studio and Studio Slim desktops are targeted towards consumers looking

neg: Umbrella brand expectations, the other products sold under the same brand are also likely to suffer. Thus, the company might result in a negative brand equity (also known as brand equity dilution). Thirdly, umbrella branding is only beneficial when promoting relatable products through which consumers could recognise the brand. For instance, the Starbucks brand is associated to coffee-related products and therefore consumers would mainly recognise the brand on products related to the specific market. Lastly, cannibalisation (reduction in sales volume due to the introduction of a new product by the same company) may result when related products are introduced under the same

neg: Mike Markkula Mike Markkula Armas Clifford "Mike" Markkula Jr. (; born February 11, 1942) is an American businessman and investor. He was an angel investor and second CEO of Apple Computer, Inc., providing early critical funding and managerial support. Markkula was introduced to Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak when they were looking for funding to manufacture the Apple II personal computer they had developed, after having sold some units of the first version of this computer, the Apple I. With his guidance and funding, Apple ceased to be a partnership and was incorporated as a company. Dermot Mulroney portrayed him in the

neg: Video gaming in the United States are Puzzle/trivia, action/strategy, and casual/social games. While there are many American video game developers that have been producing games for years, Japanese games and companies have regularly been listed in the annual lists of best sellers. The U.S. computer and video game dollar sales growth of 2012 was 14.8 billion dollars, showing a drop of 1.6 billion from the year before. The Unit sales growth featured a similar drop with the report of 188 million units sold from 245.9 in 2011. U.S gaming consumers spent a total of $20.77 billion on the game industry alone and currently hard copies of

neg: Apple Mouse Apple Mouse The Apple Mouse began as one of the first commercial mice available to consumers. Over the years Apple has maintained a distinct form and function with its mice that reflects its design philosophies. Mice manufactured by Apple typically emphasize use of a single button control interface. It was not until 2005 that Apple introduced a mouse featuring a scroll ball and four programmable "buttons." All mice made by Apple contained a ball-tracking control mechanism until 2000, when Apple introduced optical LED-based control mechanisms. Apple's latest mouse uses laser tracking. In 1979, Apple was planning a business computer and

neg: DSL modem that was a mainstay in the late 20th century, but differs from it in important ways. Most of these differences are of little interest to consumers, except the greater speed of DSL and the ability to use the telephone even when the computer is online. As technology advances, functions that are provided by multiple chips can be integrated onto one chip. Higher levels of integration have benefited DSL just as they benefited other computer hardware. A DSL modem requires the following for its operation; exactly what is on the circuit card and how it is arranged can change as technology

neg: Nuclear Management Company February 1999 by four utilities: Alliant Energy Nuclear, NSP Nuclear Corporation, WEC Nuclear Nuclear Corporation, and WPS Nuclear Corporation. Consumers Energy joined and became an investor in 2000. Alliant Energy, WPS, WEC and Consumers Energy left NMC when they sold their nuclear plants. NSP reacquired the operating license for Monticello and Prairie Island in September 2008. At that time, the remaining NMC structure was incorporated into NSP. The idea behind NMC was to gain synergy through operating multiple plants under different owners, emphasizing industry best practices. They implemented safety protocols such as A.C.E.M.A.N., which was a daily safety standup where

neg: Consumers Software Mail for PC Networks. The Network Courier server development group became Microsoft Workgroup Vancouver, part of the Workgroup Computing Division of Microsoft, before being shut down, with its employees relocated to the main Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington. Consumers Software Consumers Software was a computer networking company based in Canada. The company created early spreadsheet utilities and later developed Network Courier, an email product based on the concept of one or more connected 'post offices'. The post office could be connected to legacy email systems, such as PROFS, DEC and other largely mainframe based email system using connectors. Consumers Software