query: when was the term surfing the internet coined

pos: Jean Armour Polly June, 1992. Coining the phrase has since been attributed to internet pioneer Mark McCahill, who used the same phrase months earlier in February 1992. Polly is the author of the well-known series of books "The Internet Kids & Families Yellow Pages". (This was a spin-off of the original series "Harley Hahn's Internet Yellow Pages", by Harley Hahn.) Because of her long-standing work, devoted to family- and child-related issues on the Internet, Polly is often referred to as one of the original "Mothers" of the Internet. She was Director of Public Services and Internet Ambassador at NYSERNet, Inc (1992–1995). She has

neg: The Alphaville Herald returned to its original title. Ludlow eventually appointed Mark Wallace as Managing Editor, and they published a book on the newspaper's history on MIT Press in 2007. Wallace left the newspaper when he was employed by Linden Lab, and the Internet persona Pixeleen Mistral became the new Managing Editor. In 2010 Pixeleen Mistral was revealed by Ludlow to be the Internet pioneer Mark P. McCahill, widely known as the principal inventor of the Gopher protocol, the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web, and who also co-invented a number of other Internet technologies and coined the phrase "surfing the Internet."

neg: Soul surfer and equipment to translate the essence of the wave's spirit into Art”. Soul surfer A soul surfer (coined in the 1960s) is a surfer who surfs for the sheer pleasure of surfing. Although they may still enter in competitions, winning is not the soul surfer's main motive, since they scorn the commercialization of surfing. The term denotes a spirituality of surfing. As Brad Melekian put it in a 2005 article in "Surfer" magazine: to pursue surfing not just as an athletic endeavor or as a sunny day diversion, but to try to glean whatever lessons you can from the practice.

neg: Soul surfer Soul surfer A soul surfer (coined in the 1960s) is a surfer who surfs for the sheer pleasure of surfing. Although they may still enter in competitions, winning is not the soul surfer's main motive, since they scorn the commercialization of surfing. The term denotes a spirituality of surfing. As Brad Melekian put it in a 2005 article in "Surfer" magazine: to pursue surfing not just as an athletic endeavor or as a sunny day diversion, but to try to glean whatever lessons you can from the practice. It means being aware of your surroundings, and respectful of the people

neg: The Intention Economy Searls' work with ProjectVRM, at Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, where he served as a fellow from 2006-2010, and where the project continues under his direction. VRM stands for Vendor Relationship Management, which is the customer-side counterpart of Customer Relationship Management, or CRM, a familiar business function and software category. The term "intention economy" was first coined by Searls in a 2006 article in Linux Journal, and has come into more general use since. The Intention Economy In April 2012, Doc Searls' book The Intention Economy: When Customers Take Charge was published (). Searls coined the term intention

neg: Blogosphere Blogosphere The blogosphere is made up of all blogs and their interconnections. The term implies that blogs exist together as a connected community (or as a collection of connected communities) or as a social networking service in which everyday authors can publish their opinions. Since the term has been coined, it has been referenced in a number of media and is also used to refer to the Internet. The term was coined on September 10, 1999 by Brad L. Graham, as a joke. It was re-coined in 2002 by William Quick, and was quickly adopted and propagated by the warblog

neg: Psychological effects of Internet use online to avoid reading in the traditional sense." Research suggests that using the Internet helps boost brain power for middle-aged and older people (research on younger people has not been done). The study compares brain activity when the subjects were reading and when the subjects were surfing the Internet. It found that Internet surfing uses much more brain activity than reading does. Lead researcher Professor Gary Small said: "The study results are encouraging, that emerging computerized technologies may have physiological effects and potential benefits for middle-aged and older adults. Internet searching engages complicated brain activity, which may help exercise and

neg: History of massively multiplayer online games companies and online services began deploying games on the internet. The first commercial text-based MMORPG to make this transition to the Internet from a proprietary network provider (CompuServe, in this case) was "Legends of Future Past". "Legends" was also notable for being one of the first titles to have featured professional Game Masters who conducted online events. The term MMORPG was coined by Richard Garriott, the creator of Ultima Online, in 1997. The term probably derives from "MMOG", which can be traced back to the 1995 E3 Convention, when Dale Addink used it to describe Confirmed Kill. "The Realm Online"

neg: Nearables in 2014 as part of a marketing campaign associated with a product launch of next generation of Bluetooth Smart beacons. Nearables are a further development of the Internet of Things (also referred to as Internet of Everything). It’s a vision of a wide, global network of interconnected devices, using the existing Internet infrastructure to provide advanced services beyond standard machine-to-machine communications. Although the term Internet of Things was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999, the idea can be traced to late 1980s, when Mark Weiser introduced the idea of ubiquitous computing. In 1990s location-based services started emerging, thanks to wide

neg: Sociology of the Internet Darnton wrote, it is a revolutionary change that "took place yesterday, or the day before, depending on how you measure it." The Internet developed from the ARPANET, dating back to 1969; as a term it was coined in 1974. The World Wide Web as we know it was shaped in the mid-1990s, when graphical interface and services like email became popular and reached wider (non-scientific and non-military) audiences and commerce. Internet Explorer was first released in 1995; Netscape a year earlier. Google was founded in 1998. Wikipedia was founded in 2001. Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube in the mid-2000s. Web 2.0

neg: Usenet Death Penalty offending server to address problems quickly. UDPs have been issued against America Online, BBN Planet, CompuServe, Erols Internet, Netcom, and TIAC. The first UDP software was written by Karl Kleinpaste in 1990, though there is disagreement when the term itself was coined: the Net Abuse FAQ claims 1993, but a message posted on 18 August of that year claims that it was coined "years earlier" by Eliot Lear. A UDP was implemented against UUNET on 1 August 1997 after it became a host for many spammers and was unresponsive to abuse complaints. It forced the provider to implement antispam policies

neg: Slashdot effect on the popular Slashdot news service. It was later extended to describe any similar effect from being listed on a popular site, similar to the more generic term, flash crowd, which is a more appropriate term. The term "flash crowd" was coined in 1973 by Larry Niven in his science fiction short story, "Flash Crowd". It predicted that a consequence of inexpensive teleportation would be huge crowds materializing almost instantly at the sites of interesting news stories. Twenty years later, the term became commonly used on the Internet to describe exponential spikes in website or server usage when it passes

neg: Rainy Milo people, Milo started singing with local musicians and arts collectives when she was 14. "There was so little of that where I lived; an area which gave little hope to anyone, it's almost like they were told that they had a crappy fate and were willing to just go along with it." Milo went to Harris Academy South Norwood until the end of year 9 when she went on to study Musical Theatre at the BRIT School . Milo began surfing the internet for jazz-inspired hip-hop beats she could sing over, whilst surfing the internet she came across a beat

neg: News media silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role. Online journalism is reporting and other journalism produced or distributed via the Internet. The Internet has allowed the formal and informal publication of news stories through mainstream media outlets as well as blogs and other self-published news stories. Journalists working on the Internet have been referred to as J-Bloggers, a term coined by Australian Media Academic Dr Nicola Goc to describe journalists who [blog] and [blog]gers who produce journalism. "J-Bloggers: Internet bloggers acting in the role of journalists disseminating newsworthy information, who subscribe to the journalistic ideals

neg: Digital nomad locals. It also creates the risk of complication if you have to go to the hospital. The term location independence was coined by Lea Woodward in 2006 as a word used to describe the digital nomad lifestyle. Before the term was coined, there were people who fit the term. An early "digital nomad" was Steve Roberts, who in 1983 rode on a computerized recumbent bicycle and was featured in the "Popular Computing" magazine. In 1985, a satellite system called Motosat was established, allowing greater access to the Internet. Digital nomads over time gained more ability to live that lifestyle. Such

neg: Jean Armour Polly Jean Armour Polly Jean Armour Polly is a librarian by profession, the author of a series of books on safe Internet services ("Surfing the Internet", now freely available at Project Gutenberg), and has been an active Internet user since 1991. She received her BA in Medieval Studies at Syracuse University in 1974, and her Master's in Library Science from the same university in 1975. Polly was key in popularizing, but is often credited with coining the phrase "surfing the Internet", being the author of an article called "Surfing the INTERNET", published in the University of Minnesota "Wilson Library Bulletin" in

neg: Blogosphere Blogs are often identified by a specific genre or topic, such as travel or politics. Blogosphere The blogosphere is made up of all blogs and their interconnections. The term implies that blogs exist together as a connected community (or as a collection of connected communities) or as a social networking service in which everyday authors can publish their opinions. Since the term has been coined, it has been referenced in a number of media and is also used to refer to the Internet. The term was coined on September 10, 1999 by Brad L. Graham, as a joke. It was

neg: World Wide Web Early studies of this new behaviour investigated user patterns in using web browsers. One study, for example, found five user patterns: exploratory surfing, window surfing, evolved surfing, bounded navigation and targeted navigation. The following example demonstrates the functioning of a web browser when accessing a page at the URL codice_1. The browser resolves the server name of the URL (codice_2) into an Internet Protocol address using the globally distributed Domain Name System (DNS). This lookup returns an IP address such as "203.0.113.4" or "2001:db8:2e::7334". The browser then requests the resource by sending an HTTP request across the Internet to the

neg: Voicemail small business land line subscribers. The term "Voicemail" was coined by Televoice International (later Voicemail International, or VMI) for their introduction of the first US-wide Voicemail service in 1980. Although VMI trademarked the term, it eventually became a generic term used for referring to virtually all automated voice services employing a telephone. Voicemail popularity continues today with Internet telephone services such as Skype, Google Voice and ATT that integrate voice, voicemail and text services for tablets and smartphones Voicemail systems were developed in the late 1970s by Voice Message Exchange (VMX). They became popular in the early 1980s when they

neg: Soft state Soft state In computer science, soft state is state which is useful for efficiency, but not essential, as it can be regenerated or replaced if needed. The term is often used in network protocol engineering. It is a term that is used for information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed, which allows protocols to recover from errors in certain services. The term was coined by David D. Clark in his description of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) internet protocols. While in general less efficient than well-designed "hard state" protocols when tuned for a particular network regime, soft

neg: Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse The Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse is a term for internet criminals, or the imagery of internet criminals. A play on Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, it refers to types of criminals who use the internet to facilitate crime and consequently jeopardize the rights of honest internet users. There does not appear to be an exact definition for who the Horsemen are, but they are usually described as terrorists, drug dealers, pedophiles, and organized crime. Other sources use slightly different descriptions but generally refer to the same types of criminals. The term was coined by

neg: Mark P. McCahill also coined the phrase "surfing the Internet." He currently works at the Office of Information Technology at Duke University as an architect of 3-D learning and collaborative systems. A major focus of his later work has been virtual worlds, and he was one of six principal architects of the Croquet Project. He is also a noted writer on virtual worlds as his "tabloid reporter" avatar and pseudonym "Pixeleen Mistral." Mark McCahill received a BA in Chemistry at the University of Minnesota in 1979, spent one year doing analytical environmental chemistry, and then joined the University of Minnesota Computer Center's microcomputer

neg: Lake surfing Dedicated surfers wear wetsuits or drysuits to keep warm. The surface water temperature when much Great Lakes surfing occurs averages between . Sheboygan, Wisconsin, featured in surf films and referred to as the Malibu of the Midwest, hosted an annual Dairyland Surf Classic on Labor Day weekend from 1988 to 2012, which was the largest lake surfing competition in the world. Great Lakes surfing has grown in popularity over the past decade thanks to the advances in wetsuit and or drysuits technology and the proliferation of information on the internet. There are small surf communities all around the Great Lakes,

neg: Supranet Supranet Supranet is a term coined at the turn of the 21st century by information technology analysis firm Gartner to describe the fusion of the physical and the digital (virtual) worlds, a concept that embeds the "Internet of things" as one of its elements. At its inception in 2000, the term was alluding to the ongoing convergence of the Internet, mobile communications, always-on connectivity, sensors and advanced human-computer interaction. In subsequent elaborations, it was extended to include electronic tagging (via, for example, RFID), geotagging and electronic geomapping (i.e., mapping internet coordinates to geodetic coordinates), thereby completing the fusion of physical

neg: Third platform to such devices anywhere in the world through the Internet that characterizes the Internet of things. Third platform The third platform is a term coined by marketing firm International Data Corporation (IDC) for a model of a computing platform. It was promoted as inter-dependencies between mobile computing, social media, cloud computing, and information / analytics (big data), and possibly the Internet of Things. The term was in use in 2013, and possibly earlier. Gartner claimed that these interdependent trends were "transforming the way people and businesses relate to technology" and have since provided a number of reports on the topic.

neg: Egosurfing Egosurfing Egosurfing (also Googling yourself, vanity searching, egosearching, egogoogling, autogoogling, self-googling) is the practice of searching for one's own name, or pseudonym on a popular search engine in order to review the results. Similarly, an egosurfer is one who surfs the Internet for his or her own name to see what information appears. It has become increasingly popular with the rise of internet search engines, as well as free blogging and web-hosting services. Though Google is the search engine most commonly mentioned when referring to egosurfing, other widely known search engines include Yahoo and Bing. The term was coined by

neg: Internet of things of IoT. In 1994, Reza Raji described the concept in "IEEE Spectrum" as "[moving] small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories". Between 1993 and 1997, several companies proposed solutions like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. The field gained momentum when Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device (D2D) communication as a part of his "Six Webs" framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1999. The term "Internet of things" was likely coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's

neg: Surfing club to a collectively available resource. So this again, is something set aside from the standard issue art modes, unique visions, talented individuals and all the rest of it. It is the power to connect." Surfing club An internet Surf Club is a group site (usually a blog) where artists and others link to "surfed" or "surfable" items on the Web and also post some of their own creative work. "Nasty Nets Internet Surfing Club" was the first to use the words "surfing club". Critic Matt Fuller has noted two characteristics of surfing clubs as artistic milieus: "Firstly, each piece of

neg: Surfing club Surfing club An internet Surf Club is a group site (usually a blog) where artists and others link to "surfed" or "surfable" items on the Web and also post some of their own creative work. "Nasty Nets Internet Surfing Club" was the first to use the words "surfing club". Critic Matt Fuller has noted two characteristics of surfing clubs as artistic milieus: "Firstly, each piece of work is not especially apart from the other works by the artist or groups that produced it - it is part of a practice. Secondly, each work is assembled out of parts that belong

neg: Surf culture appeal to the surfing market (and to would-be surfers) with commercials featuring, in some cases famed surfing athletes, such as the Coca-Cola commercial featuring Kalani Robb and Maila Jones, and a Kashi food commercial featuring Kashi nutritionist and surfer Jeff Johnson, 2006 The word "surf" is polysemous; having multiple, related meanings. "Surfing" the World Wide Web is the act of following hyperlinks. The phrase "surfing the Internet" was first popularized in print by Jean Armour Polly, a librarian, in an article called "Surfing the INTERNET", published in the Wilson Library Bulletin in June 1992. Philosophical novels Surf culture Surf culture

neg: Keyboard man Keyboard man A keyboard man or keyboard warrior () is someone who expresses and exhibits aggression against others on the internet. The concept gained attention online after May 28, 2014, when six cult QuanNengShen members publicly murdered a woman in a McDonald's restaurant in Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province, China. The term was used to refer to online dissidents who criticized bystanders for not helping the woman. On June 4, 2014, People’s Daily published an editorial calling for public action and expressing discontent with keyboard warrior behavior. That triggered a nationwide discussion. The term was originally coined by People's Daily to

neg: Soft state state protocols behave much better than hard state protocols in an unpredictable network environment such as the Internet. Soft state In computer science, soft state is state which is useful for efficiency, but not essential, as it can be regenerated or replaced if needed. The term is often used in network protocol engineering. It is a term that is used for information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed, which allows protocols to recover from errors in certain services. The term was coined by David D. Clark in his description of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) internet protocols.

neg: 50 Cent Party critics from the government. There is an alternate official term for the Internet Commentator, as well as several unofficial terms coined by netizens for them: Among those names, "50 Cent Party" (五毛党) was the most common and pejorative unofficial term. It was created by Chinese netizens as a satire. Many trace the origin of the "50-cent" name to the salaries at the Publicity Department of Changsha, which according to the English version of "Global Times", supplemented Internet Commentators' basic income with 50-cent ("5 mao") per post since October 2004. The term is derogatorily applied by cynical Chinese netizens to any

neg: Multiliteracy Multiliteracy Multiliteracies is a term coined in the mid-1990s by the New London Group and is an approach to literacy theory and pedagogy. This approach highlights two key aspects of literacy: linguistic diversity, and multimodal forms of linguistic expression and representation. The term was coined in response to two significant changes in globalized environments: the proliferation of diverse modes of communication through new communications technologies such as the internet, multimedia, and digital media, and the existence of growing linguistic and cultural diversity due to increased transnational migration. Because the way people communicate is changing due to new technologies, and shifts

neg: This Thing of Ours (album) the US and worldwide by Limey/Big Picnic on April 21, 2015. In addition to the new album art, the Clash cover track, "Bankrobber", features Kossisko on the 2015 release. Milo started singing with local musicians and art collectives when she was fourteen, During Milo's childhood she tried to surround herself with inspiring people. Milo began surfing the internet for jazz-inspired hip-hop beats she could sing over, whilst surfing the internet she came across a bead by producer BLCK RSSN. Milo recorded over the beat and the track became her debut recording entitled "Bout You", the song caught the attention of

neg: Limey (mixtape) a video for "Don't Regret Me" released in January 2013. The video sees Milo "caught in the wind." Milo started singing with local musicians and arts collectives when she was fourteen, During Milo's childhood she tried to surround herself with inspiring people. Milo began surfing the internet for jazz-inspired hip-hop beats she could sing over, whilst surfing the internet she came across a bead by producer BLCK RSSN. Milo recorded over the beat and the track became her debut recording entitled "Bout You", the song caught the attention of Gilles Peterson for his Brownswood Bubblers compilation series. Milo received various

neg: Elephant flow Elephant flow In computer networking, an elephant flow is an extremely large (in total bytes) continuous flow set up by a TCP (or other protocol) flow measured over a network link. Elephant flows, though not numerous, can occupy a disproportionate share of the total bandwidth over a period of time. It is not clear who coined "elephant flow", but the term began occurring in published Internet network research in 2001 when the observations were made that a small number of flows carry the majority of Internet traffic and the remainder consists of a large number of flows that carry very

neg: Internet of things systems, or analytics. According to Lonergan, the term IoT was coined before smart phones, tablets, and devices as we know them today existed, and there is a long list of terms with varying degrees of overlap and technological convergence: Internet of things, Internet of everything (IoE), Internet of Goods (Supply Chain), industrial Internet, pervasive computing, pervasive sensing, ubiquitous computing, cyber-physical systems (CPS), wireless sensor networks (WSN), smart objects, digital twin, cyberobjects or avatars, cooperating objects, machine to machine (M2M), ambient intelligence (AmI), Operational technology (OT), and information technology (IT). Regarding IIoT, an industrial sub-field of IoT, the Industrial Internet Consortium's

neg: The Biggest Douche in the Universe same basic plot: a man is somehow transformed, whether it be into an animal, a woman, a stapler, or a carrot. This point is furthered in the episode with a trailer clearly showing a plot exactly the same as these, but with almost every word spoken in complete gibberish. The term "derp" that is used in one of the Rob Schneider trailers (and would later become a popular term on the Internet) was coined when "South Park" creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone were shooting the movie "BASEketball"; a derp is "a stupid joke that you could see a mile

neg: Frot a "vanilla" practice, but rather as something "kinky" and not-quite-respectable—as was the case in the 1950s and 1960s, when gay men who preferred to do only mutual masturbation and fellatio sometimes used the disparaging slang term "brownie queen" for aficionados of anal sex. Gay activist Bill Weintraub began to heavily promote and recommend the gender-specific meaning of "penis-to-penis rubbing" as "frot" on Internet forums sometime in the late 1990s, and said he coined the term. "I don't use the word 'frottage,' because it is an ersatz French word which can indicate any sort of erotic rubbing," he stated. "Frot, by

neg: Jeff Pulver VoIP is not a telecommunications service. He coined the term "purple minutes" to describe value-added IP network traffic. Considered one of the leading experts in the field of streaming audio and video technologies, Pulver has been called a pioneer in VoIP telephony. He was profiled in 2006 by "The Wall Street Journal", discussing his visions about both voice and video communications via the Internet. In 1995 he coined the term VON to stand for Voice/Video on the Net and continues today to contribute words to both the telecom and social media vernacular. In 1996 he founded the VON Coalition which

neg: The Gutenberg Galaxy on cognition is, for McLuhan, a matter of perspective. For instance, McLuhan contrasts the considerable alarm and revulsion that the growing quantity of books aroused in the latter seventeenth century with the modern concern for the "end of the book." If there can be no universal moral sentence passed on technology, McLuhan believes that "there can only be disaster arising from unawareness of the causalities and effects inherent in our technologies." Though the World Wide Web was invented thirty years after "The Gutenberg Galaxy" was published, McLuhan may have coined and certainly popularized the usage of the term "surfing" to

neg: South Coast Pipe South Coast Pipe Pipeline (also known as "Black Rock", "Wreck Bay" or "Summercloud Bay") is one of the most famous surf spots on the South Coast of New South Wales Australia (though it is technically in the Jervis Bay Territory). It takes its name from the most famous break in the world: Banzai Pipeline in Hawaii because both breaks share many characteristics. It was originally known as just "Pipeline" or "Wreck Bay" by the small numbers of surfers who knew about it in the second half of the 1960s. The term "Black Rock" was coined by an Australia Surfing Magazine

neg: Brendan Kehoe as having coined the term "net-surfing" in a 1991 USENET post. On 31 December 1993, Kehoe and a friend, Sven Heinicke, were involved in a serious car accident that left Kehoe with brain injuries including aphasia. He subsequently made a full recovery. He was married on 5 October 1996. He lived in Dublin, Ireland with his wife and two children. At the beginning of March 2011, Kehoe was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia. He underwent chemotherapy to fight the disease but succumbed to it on 19 July 2011. Brendan Kehoe Brendan Patrick Kehoe (3 December 1970 – 19 July 2011)

neg: Condom challenge a video was uploaded onto Break.com of a young man successfully completing the challenge. The term "condom challenge" was coined in May 2012 following the widespread popularity of the cinnamon challenge, but the idea dates to the early 1990s when it was a staple of Matt "The Tube" Crowley's performances at the Jim Rose Circus Sideshow, and videos of challenge attempts date to at least 2007. The challenge went viral in 2013, when WorldStarHipHop posted a video of two young women attempting the challenge, and several people subsequently uploaded videos onto the Internet of themselves attempting the challenge. The stunt

neg: Digital economy Digital economy Digital economy refers to an economy that is based on digital computing technologies, although we increasingly perceive this as conducting business through markets based on the internet and the World Wide Web. The digital economy is also sometimes called the "Internet Economy", "New Economy", or "Web Economy". Increasingly, the digital economy is intertwined with the traditional economy, making a clear delineation harder. The term 'Digital Economy' was first mentioned in Japan by a Japanese professor and research economist in the midst of Japan's recession of the 1990s. In the west the term followed and was coined in Don

neg: Blip (internet) the word in association with the Internet. Kedoodle co-founder Sarah J. Crews coined the term as “any 140 character status update on a social networking platform such as Facebook or Twitter.” In a similar vein, Google Wave uses the term to refer to a single message posted in a thread. Safire, William. The right word in the right place at the right time. Simon and Schuster, 2004. 24-25. Print. Blip (internet) A blip is an onomatopoeic English noun used to refer a small dot registered on electronic equipment, such as radar or oscilloscope screens, or an electronically generated single-pitch sound.

neg: Internets the following morning on CNN's "Inside Politics Sunday". Numerous homages and parodies, most including an audio or video clip from the second 2004 debate, appeared on other humor and entertainment web sites, including YTMND, and spread virally on the Internet. On his show "The Colbert Report", comedian Stephen Colbert consistently referred to "the Internet" as "the Internets". On the Thursday Mar 20 2008 World Water Day Episode: #04039, Colbert's character, also named Stephen Colbert, states, Last night, as I was surfing the Internets … literally: My backyard wave pool has Wi-Fi … Keith Olbermann similarly made use of the term

neg: NetGenie NetGenie NetGenie is a wireless router that offers security and protection against internet and network threats. It is a part of the Cyberoam's product portfolio and was launched in 2011. NetGenie network security appliances are primarily built for internet security for home users (HOME) and small office users (SOHO). NetGenie appliances intend to address the frequent security concerns that parents and small office owners face regarding Internet usage by their family members and employees. In addition to secure wired internet surfing, NetGenie appliances are capable of providing secure Internet surfing experience over multiple devices such as laptops, iPhones, iPads, gaming

neg: HoneyMonkey the honeypot concept, with the difference that it actively seeks websites that try to exploit it. The term was coined by Microsoft Research in 2005. With honeymonkeys it is possible to find open security holes that are not yet publicly known but are being exploited by attackers. A single HoneyMonkey is an automated program that tries to mimic the action of a user surfing the net. A series of HoneyMonkeys are run on virtual machines running Windows XP, at various levels of patching — some are fully patched, some fully vulnerable, and others in between these two extremes. The HoneyMonkey

neg: Michael Hauben Michael Hauben Michael Frederick Hauben (May 1, 1973 – June 27, 2001) was an Internet theorist and author. He pioneered the study of the social impact of the Internet. Based on his interactive online research, in 1993 he coined the term and developed the concept of Netizen to describe an Internet user who actively contributes towards the development of the Net and acts as a citizen of the Net and of the world. Along with Ronda Hauben, he co-authored the 1997 book "Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet". Hauben's work is widely referenced in many

neg: Michael Hauben more democratic human society. These individuals are empowered through the Internet and use it to solve socio-political problems and to explore ways of improving the world." Michael Hauben Michael Frederick Hauben (May 1, 1973 – June 27, 2001) was an Internet theorist and author. He pioneered the study of the social impact of the Internet. Based on his interactive online research, in 1993 he coined the term and developed the concept of Netizen to describe an Internet user who actively contributes towards the development of the Net and acts as a citizen of the Net and of the world. Along

neg: Supranet original Gartner authors made it clear that there were several precursors to the concept of Supranet, crediting David Gelernter, G.W. Fitzmaurice and J.C. Spohrer as the pioneers. Supranet Supranet is a term coined at the turn of the 21st century by information technology analysis firm Gartner to describe the fusion of the physical and the digital (virtual) worlds, a concept that embeds the "Internet of things" as one of its elements. At its inception in 2000, the term was alluding to the ongoing convergence of the Internet, mobile communications, always-on connectivity, sensors and advanced human-computer interaction. In subsequent elaborations, it

neg: Emergent democracy Emergent democracy Emergent democracy refers to the rise of political structures and behaviors without central planning and by the action of many individual participants, especially when mediated by the Internet. More recently, Clay Shirky has referred to this as "the power of organizing without organizations." The term was coined to stand in contrast to more traditional forms of democracy, such as representational democracy and direct democracy. The phrase draws upon emergence theory for the idea that the simple actions of individuals can collectively create complex and unpredictable results, as when the behavior of termites results in large, efficient nests beyond

neg: Idle scan it was originally named "dumb scan", the term "idle scan" was coined in 1999, after the publication of a proof of concept 16-bit identification field (IPID) scanner named "idlescan", by Filipe Almeida (aka LiquidK). This type of scan can also be referenced as "zombie scan"; all the nomenclatures are due to the nature of one of the computers involved in the attack. The design and operation of the Internet is based on the Internet Protocol Suite, commonly also called TCP/IP. IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering

neg: Russian culture channels in the Soviet time, but in the past two decades many new state-run and private-owned radio stations and TV channels appeared. In 2005 a state-run English language Russia Today TV started broadcasting, and its Arabic version Rusiya Al-Yaum was launched in 2007. Originating from Russian and telecommunication industries, a specific Russian culture of using the Internet has been established since the early 1990s. In the second half of the 1990s, the term "Runet" was coined to call the segment of Internet written or understood in the Russian language. Whereas the Internet "has no boundaries", "Russian Internet" (online communications in

neg: Surfing were originally coined by people who were directly involved in the sport of surfing. Many popular surfing destinations have surf schools and surf camps that offer lessons. Surf camps for beginners and intermediates are multi-day lessons that focus on surfing fundamentals. They are designed to take new surfers and help them become proficient riders. All-inclusive surf camps offer overnight accommodations, meals, lessons and surfboards. Most surf lessons begin with instruction and a safety briefing on land, followed by instructors helping students into waves on longboards or "softboards". The softboard is considered the ideal surfboard for learning, due to the fact

neg: Apple Pippin Bandai. In particular, computer illiterate people did not know what an "@" sign was, as in @WORLD. Consumers in America could not grasp the idea of surfing the Internet using such a device. The executive could not understand how Americans might not be interested in surfing the Internet. Even among internet surfers, the Apple Pippin was not necessarily the console of choice. A July 1996 article in "Electronic Gaming Monthly" pointed out that the competing Sega Saturn and its separately sold Netlink device combined still cost under $400, making it a far less expensive internet option than the Pippin. And,

neg: Visual communication or analogue), and film. Visual communication by e-mail, a textual medium, is commonly expressed with ASCII art, emoticons, and embedded digital images. The term 'visual presentation' is used to refer to the actual presentation of information through a visible medium such as text or images. Recent research in the field has focused on web design and graphically-oriented usability. Graphic designers also use methods of visual communication in their professional practice. Visual communication on the World Wide Web is perhaps the most important form of communication that takes place while users are surfing the Internet. When experiencing the web, one uses

neg: Pisonet Pisonet A pisonet, a term coined from two(2) words "pisong internet" (meaning one(1) peso internet rent)...hence, piso + net = pisonet. It is an arcade style computer unit used as a internet or gaming vending machine. It is the contemporary with the earlier style of internet cafe. It is originally invented in Pangasinan (around 2011) as a sort of rural areas' counter-response against Dagupan city's booming internet shop/cafe sometime during 2008-2013 and then later spread in the areas of neighboring regions of Pangasinan and in Metro Manila, Philippines. Internet started to spread in Dagupan city at around 1998 mainly in

neg: Internetware Internetware Internetware is a term coined to describe the emerging software paradigm for the Internet computing environment. It also refers to the software exhibiting the desired properties (described below) to meet the requirements of the Internet environment. The Internet is a dynamic, open, ever-changing environment. These characteristics impose new requirements on software over Internet. More specifically, in traditional software, the requirements of the tasks are often pre-determined and clearly stated, and the tasks are performed by pre-designed software components following fixed algorithms. On the other hand, in the Internet computing environment, more and more requirements are unclear or undetermined, and

neg: Pisonet option because only cities have ISP and the neighboring town are connected to tower relays which have limited range capability. Pisonet A pisonet, a term coined from two(2) words "pisong internet" (meaning one(1) peso internet rent)...hence, piso + net = pisonet. It is an arcade style computer unit used as a internet or gaming vending machine. It is the contemporary with the earlier style of internet cafe. It is originally invented in Pangasinan (around 2011) as a sort of rural areas' counter-response against Dagupan city's booming internet shop/cafe sometime during 2008-2013 and then later spread in the areas of neighboring

neg: Spyware users' movements on the Web and serving up pop-up ads to Internet users. Whenever spyware is used for malicious purposes, its presence is typically hidden from the user and can be difficult to detect. Some spyware, such as keyloggers, may be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer intentionally in order to monitor users. While the term "spyware" suggests software that monitors a user's computing, the functions of spyware can extend beyond simple monitoring. Spyware can collect almost any type of data, including personal information like internet surfing habits, user logins, and bank or credit account

neg: Exodus Communications to the SoftBank Group. Exodus Communications Exodus Communications was an Internet hosting service and Internet service provider to dot-com businesses. It went broke, along with many of its customers, during the bursting of the dot-com bubble. It declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 and was purchased by Cable and Wireless in November 2001. Exodus was founded by K.B. Chandrasekhar and B.V. Jagadeesh in 1994, originally named Fouress, Inc.. Fouress then merged into Exodus Communications in 1996. Exodus Communications was the first company to offer colocation services and enterprise-level Web Hosting; it coined the term "Internet Data Center". It was based

neg: Exodus Communications Exodus Communications Exodus Communications was an Internet hosting service and Internet service provider to dot-com businesses. It went broke, along with many of its customers, during the bursting of the dot-com bubble. It declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 and was purchased by Cable and Wireless in November 2001. Exodus was founded by K.B. Chandrasekhar and B.V. Jagadeesh in 1994, originally named Fouress, Inc.. Fouress then merged into Exodus Communications in 1996. Exodus Communications was the first company to offer colocation services and enterprise-level Web Hosting; it coined the term "Internet Data Center". It was based in Santa Clara, California.

neg: Internet Explorer version history offered a dramatic stability improvement over prior versions, particularly the 68k version, which was especially prone to freezing. Microsoft Internet Explorer 5, launched on March 18, 1999, and subsequently included with Windows 98 Second Edition and bundled with Office 2000, was another significant release that supported bi-directional text, ruby characters, XML, XSLT, and the ability to save web pages in MHTML format. IE5 was bundled with Outlook Express 5. Also, with the release of Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0, Microsoft released the first version of XMLHttpRequest, giving birth to Ajax (even though the term "Ajax" was not coined until years later).

neg: Marshall McLuhan encyclopedic function and flip into a private line to speedily tailored data of a saleable kind. Furthermore, McLuhan coined and certainly popularized the usage of the term "surfing" to refer to rapid, irregular and multidirectional movement through a heterogeneous body of documents or knowledge, e.g., statements like "Heidegger surf-boards along on the electronic wave as triumphantly as Descartes rode the mechanical wave." Paul Levinson's 1999 book "Digital McLuhan" explores the ways that McLuhan's work can be better understood through the lens of the digital revolution. McLuhan frequently quoted Walter Ong's "Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue" (1958), which evidently

neg: Attention marketing Attention marketing Attention marketing is the term, coined by internet entrepreneur Steve Jelley to describe a particular business model that has evolved around the growth of social media on the internet. It was popularized by the book "" by Seth Godin. The phenomenon is an extension of marketing, which describes the generation of consumer interest or inquiry into products or services of a business. Traditionally, businesses have generated customers using the techniques of Internet marketing, such as search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimisation (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and mobile advertising. Social media companies such as

neg: Vern Paxson (ACM). The ACM's Special Interest Group on Data Communications (SIGCOMM) gave Paxson its 2011 award, "for his seminal contributions to the fields of Internet measurement and Internet security, and for distinguished leadership and service to the Internet community." The annual SIGCOMM Award recognizes lifetime contribution to the field of communication networks. Paxson is also the original author of the flex lexical analyzer and the Bro intrusion detection system. Backscatter is a term coined by Vern Paxson to describe Internet background noise resulting from a DDoS attack using multiple spoofed addresses. Vern Paxson Vern Edward Paxson is a Professor of Computer

neg: Helen Varley Jamieson Helen Varley Jamieson Helen Varley Jamieson is a digital media artist, playwright, performer, director and producer from New Zealand. She "is engaged in an ongoing exploration of the collision between theatre and the internet." Since 1997 she has been working on the internet professionally. In the year 2000 Helen Varley Jamieson coined the term "cyberformance". This term is a combination of two words, "cyberspace" and "performance". Jamieson states that "cyberformance can be located as a distinct form within the subsets of networked performance and digital performance, and within the overall form of theatre, as it is a live performance form

neg: Scieno Sitter Scieno Sitter Scieno Sitter is content-control software that, when installed on a computer, blocks certain websites critical of Scientology from being viewed. The software was released by the Church of Scientology in 1998 for Church members using Windows 95. The term "Scieno Sitter" was coined by critics of Scientology who assert that the program is a form of Internet censorship. The program was started in the late summer of 1998. Scientologists were mailed software on CDs, and told that the program would help members build Web sites which would then link to Scientology's main site. However, recipients of the program

neg: Designer drug the internet. The term and concept of "research chemicals" was coined by some marketers of designer drugs (in particular, of psychedelic drugs in the tryptamine and phenethylamine family). The idea was that, by selling the chemicals as for "scientific research" rather than human consumption, the intent clause of the U.S. analogue drug laws would be avoided. Nonetheless, the DEA raided multiple suppliers, first JLF Primary Materials, and then multiple vendors (such as RAC Research) several years later in Operation Web Tryp. This process was accelerated greatly when vendors began advertising via search engines like Google by linking their sites to

neg: Wirearchy Wirearchy Wirearchy is the power structure created as the Information Age unfolded, disrupting hierarchical organizations and the fundamental construct of access to knowledge. In earlier eras, when information was scarce and access to information was power, organizations structured themselves along chains of power and authority, with those higher in the organization having more knowledge and therefore more power. These structures disintegrated as the Internet made a huge spectrum of information and knowledge freely available. The term "wirearchy" was coined in 1999 by Jon Husband, who defined it as "a dynamic flow of power and authority, based on information, trust, credibility,

neg: Closeout (surfing) Closeout (surfing) In surfing, a closeout is a wave formation that does not allow a tubular ride or smooth ridable transitional and optimum trajectory of hydrodynamic wave action from drop in to either left or right. When a wave closes out, a surfer may drop-in from the wave crest and have nowhere ridable to go without encountering or running into wave action falls blocking his or her forward momentum or pathway. Normally, the term closing out refers to when the wave sets crest and fall parallel to the shore line. When the wave crests and falls across the whole set

neg: Closeout (surfing) line simultaneously, this is referred to as dumping. Closeout (surfing) In surfing, a closeout is a wave formation that does not allow a tubular ride or smooth ridable transitional and optimum trajectory of hydrodynamic wave action from drop in to either left or right. When a wave closes out, a surfer may drop-in from the wave crest and have nowhere ridable to go without encountering or running into wave action falls blocking his or her forward momentum or pathway. Normally, the term closing out refers to when the wave sets crest and fall parallel to the shore line. When the

neg: Affordance nature of its use varies in different countries. It found that internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them. William Gaver divided affordances into three categories: perceptible, hidden, and false. This means that, when affordances are perceptible, they offer a direct link between perception and action, and, when affordances are hidden or false, they can lead to mistakes and misunderstandings. And by Affordance Affordance is what the environment offers the individual. James J. Gibson, coined the term in his 1966 book, "The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems", and it occurs in many of his

neg: Gary Larson new species of swan after me. You have to grab these opportunities when they come along." An 8" × 11" (20 × 28 cm) magnification of the insect appeared in the "Prehistory of the Far Side" 10th anniversary compilation, along with the letter requesting permission to use his name. Similarly, an Ecuadorian rainforest butterfly was named after him; "Serratoterga larsoni". The "Garylarsonus" beetle carries his name. The term "thagomizer", a feature of stegosaurus anatomy, was coined in a "Far Side" cartoon. Since 1999 Larson has objected to his work being displayed on the internet, and has been sending takedown notices

neg: Book talk 1930s when it was difficult to get into Baltimore schools. The actual term "booktalk" was coined in 1985 by children's author and literature teacher Aidan Chambers, in his book "Booktalk: occasional writing on literature and children". In the 1950s, booktalks were originally designed to motivate young adults to read because they had the freedom to read but chose not to. Teenagers don’t read for a variety of reasons including (but not limited to): the notion that reading is not cool, unnecessary, and uninteresting. Books also have to compete with movies, television, the Internet, and other media. By the 1980s, there

neg: Out-of-box experience assist the user with critical first steps of using Windows, such as creating a user account, registering the software with Microsoft (optional), configuring Internet connectivity, and product activation. Although this Microsoft application is named after OOBE, the real OOBE began when the user first turned on a new computer and was taken through the initial setup. For poor out-of-box experiences, the specific term out-of-box failure (OOBF or OBF) has been coined to describe immediate product failures. Out-of-box experience Out-of-box experience (OOBE pronounced oo-bee) is the experience a consumer (or user) has when preparing to first use a new product. In

neg: Psychological effects of Internet use used MRI scans on both groups to evaluate brain activity. The study showed that when Internet surfing, the brain activity of the experienced Internet users was far more extensive than that of the novices, particularly in areas of the prefrontal cortex associated with problem-solving and decision making. However, the two groups had no significant differences in brain activity when reading blocks of text. This evidence suggested that the distinctive neural pathways of experienced Web users had developed because of their Web use. Dr. Small concluded that “The current explosion of digital technology not only is changing the way we live

neg: Cats and the Internet cat theory of digital activism is a theory concerning Internet activism, Web censorship, and "cute cats" (a term used for any low-value, but popular online activity) developed by Ethan Zuckerman in 2008. It posits that most people are not interested in activism; instead, they want to use the web for mundane activities, including surfing for pornography and lolcats ("cute cats"). The tools that they develop for that (such as Facebook, Flickr, Blogger, Twitter, and similar platforms) are very useful to social movement activists, who may lack resources to develop dedicated tools themselves. This, in turn, makes the activists more immune

neg: Electronic business Electronic business Online Business or e-business is any kind of business or commercial transaction that includes sharing information across the internet. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business. Electronic commerce focuses on the use of ICT to enable the external activities and relationships of the business with individuals, groups and other businesses, while e-business refers to business with help of the internet. The term "e-business" was coined by IBM's marketing and Internet team in 1996. In 1994, IBM, with its agency

neg: Daniel Sleator of comparing an online algorithm to an optimal offline algorithm, for which the term competitive analysis was later coined in a paper of Karlin, Manasse, Rudolph, and Sleator. Sleator also developed the theory of link grammars, and the Serioso music analyzer for analyzing meter and harmony in written music. Sleator commercialized the volunteer-based Internet Chess Server into the Internet Chess Club despite outcry from fellow volunteers. The ICS has since become one of the most successful internet-based commercial chess servers. He is the brother of William Sleator, who wrote science fiction for young adults. From 2003 to 2008, Sleator co-hosted

neg: Golden Triangle (Internet Marketing) Golden Triangle (Internet Marketing) The Golden Triangle in internet marketing depicts the triangular viewing pattern on a webpage which is created by tracking eye activity of users. It is an eye-tracking heat-mapping that shows that people look and click on a specific area on a page of search results, which gives rise to an “F” form. This term relates to search engine marketing strategies and was coined back in 2005 during studies which were carried out by Enquiro, Eyetools and DidIt to show which area on search result pages drew the attention of viewers the most. In search engine marketing,

neg: Subsea Internet of Things which is used to optimise production. Subsea Internet of Things Subsea Internet of Things (SIoT) is a network of smart, wireless sensors and smart devices configured to provide actionable operational intelligence such as performance, condition and diagnostic information. It is coined from the term The Internet of Things (IoT). Unlike IoT, SIot focuses on subsea communication through the water and the water-air boundary. SIoT systems are based around smart, wireless devices incorporating Seatooth radio and Seatooth Hybrid technologies. SIoT systems incorporate standard sensors including temperature, pressure, flow, vibration, corrosion and video. Processed information is shared among nearby wireless sensor nodes.

neg: Subsea Internet of Things Subsea Internet of Things Subsea Internet of Things (SIoT) is a network of smart, wireless sensors and smart devices configured to provide actionable operational intelligence such as performance, condition and diagnostic information. It is coined from the term The Internet of Things (IoT). Unlike IoT, SIot focuses on subsea communication through the water and the water-air boundary. SIoT systems are based around smart, wireless devices incorporating Seatooth radio and Seatooth Hybrid technologies. SIoT systems incorporate standard sensors including temperature, pressure, flow, vibration, corrosion and video. Processed information is shared among nearby wireless sensor nodes. SIoT systems are used for environmental

neg: Internet background noise (which contains 16.7 million address) has increased from 1 to 50 Mbit/s. The newer IPv6 protocol, which has a much larger address space, will make it more difficult for viruses to scan ports and also limit the impact of misconfigured equipment. Internet background noise has been used to detect significant changes in Internet traffic and connectivity during the 2011 political unrest from IP address blocks that were geolocated to Libya. Backscatter is a term coined by Vern Paxson to describe Internet background noise resulting from a DDoS attack using multiple spoofed addresses. This backscatter noise is used by network telescopes

neg: Cyber racism Cyber racism "Cyber racism" is a term coined by Les Back in 2002 to capture the phenomenon of racism online, particularly on white supremacist web sites. The term encompasses racist rhetoric that is distributed through computer-mediated means and includes some or all of the following characteristics: Ideas of racial uniqueness, nationalism and common destiny; racial supremacy, superiority and separation; conceptions of racial otherness; and anti-establishment world-view. Racist views are common and often more extreme on the Internet due to a level of anonymity offered by the Internet. In a 2009 book about "common misconceptions about white supremacy online, [its] threats

neg: YOYOW YOYOW YOYOW is a storied example of Internet slang, an acronym for a phrase coined by Stewart Brand when he launched The WELL. It is short for "You Own Your Own Words." Members of The WELL have fought about the implications of the term for many years. In the book "The Well: A story of love, death and real life in the seminal online community," historian Katie Hafner quotes Brand as saying, "I was doing the usual thing of considering what could go wrong... One of the things that could go wrong would be people blaming us for things that

neg: Scieno Sitter with the Scientology symbol displayed in the left-hand side of the warning box. Scieno Sitter Scieno Sitter is content-control software that, when installed on a computer, blocks certain websites critical of Scientology from being viewed. The software was released by the Church of Scientology in 1998 for Church members using Windows 95. The term "Scieno Sitter" was coined by critics of Scientology who assert that the program is a form of Internet censorship. The program was started in the late summer of 1998. Scientologists were mailed software on CDs, and told that the program would help members build Web sites

neg: Channel surfing Channel surfing Channel surfing (also known as channel hopping or zapping) is the practice of quickly scanning through different television channels or radio frequencies to find something interesting to watch or listen to. Modern viewers, who may have cable or satellite services beaming down dozens if not hundreds or thousands of channels, are frequently channel surfing. It is common for people to scan channels when commercial broadcasters switch from a show over to running commercials. The term is most commonly associated with television, where the practice became common with the wide availability of the remote control. The first published use

neg: Programmatic Commerce Programmatic Commerce Programmatic Commerce is a term used to describe the phenomenon where consumers and businesses allow purchase decisions to be made on their behalf by connected devices based on pre-programmed parameters and learned preferences. This has been driven by the rise of the Internet of Things and smart devices. The term Programmatic Commerce was coined by ecommerce consultancy Salmon in 2015. The concept was first publicly introduced at the Salmon Commerce 2020 conference, where Neil Stewart, CEO Salmon Ltd. presented the implications of Programmatic Commerce for retail, B2B and branded products. The term Programmatic Commerce was later Trademarked in

neg: Baby-led potty training bladder or bowel control under two years. The method of holding the baby out and capitalising on babies' natural reflexes and building associations was 'rediscovered' and popularised in the States in the nineties. Laurie Boucke was a key figure in bringing the method back into popular consciousness, when she published her book, 'Infant Potty Training: A Gentle and Primeval Method Adapted to Modern Living.'. Ingrid Bauer then coined the term '‘Elimination Communication’' in her 2001 book "Diaper Free". The internet age allowed the new-found knowledge to travel across the Atlantic to the UK, where the number of yahoo groups, Facebook

neg: Teresa Nielsen Hayden Light", where she writes about subjects such as animal hoarding, publishing scams, astroturfing, and global political events. She is the first recorded Internet editor to practice disemvoweling of the entire text of offensive posts; the term itself was coined in a "Making Light" post by Arthur Hlavaty. She was the first lead comments moderator at the popular blog Boing Boing when it reopened its comments feature in 2007. In June 2008, a controversy on Boing Boing concerning the "unpublication" of all articles that mention Sex-Columnist Violet Blue generated criticism of some of her moderation techniques, including disemvowelment. Teresa Nielsen appended

neg: Web application time both JavaScript and XML had already been developed, but Ajax had still not yet been coined and the XMLHttpRequest object had only been recently introduced on Internet Explorer 5 as an ActiveX object. In 2005, the term Ajax was coined, and applications like Gmail started to make their client sides more and more interactive. A web page script is able to contact the server for storing/retrieving data without downloading an entire web page. In 2011, HTML5 was finalized, which provides graphic and multimedia capabilities without the need of client side plug-ins. HTML5 also enriched the semantic content of documents.

neg: Train surfing caused a big scandal. Train surfing was mostly a teenager hobby before this. After the railroad reconstruction the situation became stable and the cases of roof riding among the ordinary passengers disappeared. However, roof riding became more popular among the teenagers, who began to create a community of train surfers and posting videos on YouTube. Train surfers began to organize meetings and big-way surfing events on outside of commuter, subway and local freight trains via the Internet. Russian train surfing fans began to call themselves as "Zatsepers"(from the Russian word "Зацепиться-Zatsepitsya" translated as "to catch on"). The train surfing became

neg: Greedonomics they operate. Blogs and opinion pieces have blamed Greedonomics for the successive economic crashes that have afflicted the world’s economy since modern economic deregulation began in the 1980s. Greedonomics Greedonomics is a portmanteau word that refers to a form of economics based on personal enrichment without effective moral or legal constraints. It is generally used as a derogatory term for Neoliberalism The term was originally coined in 2005 in a fictional book by Anthony Burns. After this, the term Greedonomics was increasingly visible on internet searches, somewhat changing its meaning on the way. In effect, Greedonomics is now analogous with

neg: Greedonomics Greedonomics Greedonomics is a portmanteau word that refers to a form of economics based on personal enrichment without effective moral or legal constraints. It is generally used as a derogatory term for Neoliberalism The term was originally coined in 2005 in a fictional book by Anthony Burns. After this, the term Greedonomics was increasingly visible on internet searches, somewhat changing its meaning on the way. In effect, Greedonomics is now analogous with Neoliberalism. In a 2013 essay, author Sanjay Chauhan claims that greed is not innately negative, but that businesses motivated primarily by greed often abuse the societies in which

neg: Psychological effects of Internet use parents interviewed, 85% use a form of online mediation ranging from face-to-face talks with their children about online surfing to cellphone browser filters. The remaining 15% of parents do not take active measures to adequately inform their children of safe Internet browsing; these parents have either spoken only briefly to their children about cautious surfing or do not do anything at all. Parents are active in monitoring their child’s online use by using methods such as investigating the browsing history and by regulating Internet usage. However, since parents are less versed in Internet usage than their children they are more

neg: Fang Binxing online surfing very inconvenient." In April 2016, he was forced to use a VPN to bypass his own creation in a lecture that week on internet safety. Fang Binxing was speaking at his alma mater, the Harbin Institute of Technology in Heilongjiang, China, when he attempted to access webpages hosted in South Korea as a way to illustrate a point about internet sovereignty. The projected image from his laptop came up "Page not found" – a common occurrence for Chinese internet users who live behind the censorship apparatus built by Binxing and run by the Chinese government. To the audience's

neg: Data mule disk once per day has an effective bandwidth of 100Mbit/s. The term data mule was originally coined as the acronym Data MULE. (Mobile Ubiquitous LAN Extension) Data mule A data mule is a vehicle that physically carries a computer with storage between remote locations to effectively create a data communication link. A data mule is a special case of a sneakernet, where the data is automatically loaded and unloaded when the data mule arrives at its terminal locations. Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) can use data mules to exchange data among computers that do not have access to the TCP/IP-based Internet.