query: what is the normal typing words per minute

pos: Words per minute on most modern separate computer keyboards. It is used to measure speed for jobs such as data entry of number information on items such as remittance advice, bills, or checks, as deposited to lock boxes. It is measured in "Keystrokes per hour," or KPH. Many jobs require a certain KPH, often 8,000 or 10,000. For an adult population (age range 18–64) the average speed of copying is 68 letters per minute (approximately 13 wpm), with the range from a minimum of 26 to a maximum of 113 letters per minute (approximately 5 to 20 wpm). A study of police interview

neg: Words per minute The fastest Morse code operator was Theodore Roosevelt McElroy copying at 75.6 wpm using a typewriter at the 1939 world championship. Words per minute Words per minute, commonly abbreviated wpm (sometimes uppercased WPM), is a measure of words processed in a minute, often used as a measurement of the speed of typing, reading or Morse code sending and receiving. Since the length or duration of words is clearly variable, for the purpose of measurement of text entry, the definition of each "word" is often standardized to be five characters or keystrokes long in English, including spaces and punctuation. For example,

neg: Words per minute Words per minute Words per minute, commonly abbreviated wpm (sometimes uppercased WPM), is a measure of words processed in a minute, often used as a measurement of the speed of typing, reading or Morse code sending and receiving. Since the length or duration of words is clearly variable, for the purpose of measurement of text entry, the definition of each "word" is often standardized to be five characters or keystrokes long in English, including spaces and punctuation. For example, under such a method applied to plain English text the phrase "I run" counts as one word, but "rhinoceros" and "let's

neg: Lenore Fenton MacClain Lenore Fenton MacClain Lenore Fenton MacClain (née Lenore Fenton) was a championship typist and typewriting educator. She won numerous international typewriting awards and international records in typing. She first appeared on the typewriting scene in a typewriting competition in Toronto on August 28, 1937, where she won the novice title with 87 words per minute. In 1944, she starred in United States Navy typewriting training videos, where she demonstrated proper touch typing technique, useful typewriter tips and tricks (such as rapid envelope addressing), and typing up to 180 words per minute on an electric typewriter with a QWERTY layout. She

neg: Speed typing contest stage is open to all regardless of age. The 200 fastest entrants enter the final stage. Given a 5-minute time slot, participants can have unlimited 1-minute time trials keeping their best result. The winner of the 2011 tournament was Shaun Low Foo Shern, with a speed of 146 words per minute. The 2012 French romantic comedy-drama film "Populaire" shows the relationship between a speed typist and her trainer. Speed typing contest In a speed typing contest contestants compete to attain the highest accurate typing speeds. These contests have been common in North America since the 1930s and were used to

neg: Tux Typing it. When the player presses the corresponding key, or types the appropriate word, Tux will position himself to eat the fish. The second game is similar, but the goal is to prevent comets from falling on a city. In both games, different languages can be selected as a source for the words. Tux Typing Tux Typing is a free and open source typing tutor created especially for children. It features several different types of game play, at a variety of difficulty levels. It is designed to be fun and to improve words per minute speed of typists. It is written

neg: PSK31 more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings, while rarer characters use longer encodings. He named this encoding scheme "varicode". PSK31's symbol rate of 31.25 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second, and specifically because 31.25 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems, including those used in the computer sound cards commonly used for PSK31 operation (31.25 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256, and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving

neg: Words per minute talk" would both count as two. Brandon Raziano found that one study of average computer users in 1997, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition. In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate", and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm, respectively. With the onset of the era of desktop computers, fast typing skills became much more widespread. An average professional typist types usually in speeds of 50 to 80 wpm, while some positions can require 80 to 95 (usually

neg: Tux Typing Tux Typing Tux Typing is a free and open source typing tutor created especially for children. It features several different types of game play, at a variety of difficulty levels. It is designed to be fun and to improve words per minute speed of typists. It is written in the C programming language and is available in the repositories of some Linux distributions such as Fedora. There is a practice mode for learning basics of typing. There are also two games. In the first, fish are falling from the sky. Each fish has a letter or a word written on

neg: Lenore Fenton MacClain became one of the students of August Dvorak and was reported to write 180 words per minute using a Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, a number later admitted to be a typo instead of 108. Earlier, she won the world championship on a Dvorak keyboard in Tenth Annual International Commercial Schools Contest in Chicago, June 19, 1946, by typing 131 net words per minute. In another article in 1945, she is quoted to be able to type up to 182 words a minute on Dvorak. In the 1950s, along with J. Frank Dame, she co-authored a book Typewriting Techniques and Short Cuts,

neg: Typing associating the speed of a reader with the amount they have read. CPM has also been applied to 20th century printers, but modern faster printers more commonly use PPM (pages per minute). The fastest typing speed ever, 216 words per minute, was achieved by Stella Pajunas-Garnand from Chicago in 1946 in one minute on an IBM electric. , writer Barbara Blackburn was the fastest English language typist in the world, according to The Guinness Book of World Records. Using the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, she had maintained 150 wpm for 50 minutes, and 170 wpm for shorter periods, with a peak

neg: Typing in touch typing. Not normally used in day-to-day contact with keyboards, this buffer method is used only when time is of the essence. A late 20th century trend in typing, primarily used with devices with small keyboards (such as PDAs and Smartphones), is "thumbing" or thumb typing. This can be accomplished using one or both thumbs. Similar to desktop keyboards and input devices, if a user overuses keys which need hard presses and/or have small and unergonomic layouts, it could cause thumb tendonitis or other repetitive strain injury. Words per minute (WPM) is a measure of typing speed, commonly used

neg: Albert Tangora words per minute, set in 1937. In all he won the competition seven times, finally beaten by a typist using an electric machine. Tangora lived in Paterson, New Jersey at the time of his 1923 record-setting performance, but he moved to Evanston, Illinois around 1937. Albert Tangora Albert Tangora (July 2, 1903 – April 7, 1978) set the world speed record for sustained typing on a manual keyboard for one hour, 147 words per minute, on October 22, 1923. After a rest period, he typed 159 words in a one-minute "sprint." The machine was an Underwood Standard, with a QWERTY

neg: Albert Tangora Albert Tangora Albert Tangora (July 2, 1903 – April 7, 1978) set the world speed record for sustained typing on a manual keyboard for one hour, 147 words per minute, on October 22, 1923. After a rest period, he typed 159 words in a one-minute "sprint." The machine was an Underwood Standard, with a QWERTY keyboard. His record has never been surpassed on a manual typewriter. Tangora's speeds in subsequent typing competitions in New York sponsored by the International Commercial Schools Association were slightly slower, due to different scoring rules, but he held the record there as well of 141

neg: Velotype term "orthographic" as opposed to "phonetic". Stenographic keyboards are generally more difficult to learn than the Veyboard, but trained stenotype operators can go faster, even upwards of 300 words per minute. However, if unusual words appear, a typist using a stenotype slows down, while the Velotypist can continue with the same speed, which can go up to 200 words per minute. The Velotype-pro contains software that allows the user to create their own abbreviations and short forms in addition to those pre-built into the machine. Velotype Velotype is the old trademark for a type of keyboard for typing text known

neg: Touch typing always returning to home row after every keystroke. Touch type training can improve any individual's typing speed and accuracy dramatically. The accepted average typing speed is 40 WPM (words per minute), and professional career typists can exceed 100 WPM repeatedly and continuously (secretarial, data entry, etc.). Every individual learns at a different pace, and routine practice is required to maintain a high typing speed and accuracy. A touch typist does not need to move the sight between the keyboard (that is obscured with fingers and may be poorly lit) and other areas that require attention. This increases productivity and reduces

neg: JumpStart Typing style to suggest they were made in the mid-20th century despite featuring modern computer keyboards, that teach the user about the "home row" keys and correct typing posture. The Test-O-Matic features lessons and timed typing tests. It is through taking the timed typing tests that the user attempts to reach the words per minute that activate the power cards. The voice of the Technique-O-Tron voiceover was done by Michael Gough. Outside the Keyboard Training Center, Botley joins the user for the games, which the user plays to win gold, silver and bronze medals. Winning these medals do not lead to

neg: Teletype Model 28 115 VAC 60 Hz synchronous motor, is 8 inches high, 8.5 inches wide and 9.75 inches deep and weighs 16.5 pounds. "Model 28 Tape Punch" The Model 28 Tape Punches, also known as a tape perforators, are receiving-only five-level devices that is actuated by incoming line signals and perforates standard 11/16 inch paper tape. These tape punches are self-contained and motor-driven, operating at speeds up to 100 words-per-minute. The Model 28 family of tape punches includes the non-typing perforator (LPE), typing perforator (LTPE), non-typing reperforator (LRPE) and typing reperforator (LPR). "Model 28 Tape Reader" The Model 28 Tape Readers, also

neg: Typing in recruitment. For the purposes of WPM measurement a word is standardized to five characters or keystrokes. Therefore, "brown" counts as one word, but "mozzarella" counts as two. The benefits of a standardized measurement of input speed are that it enables comparison across language and hardware boundaries. The speed of an Afrikaans-speaking operator in Cape Town can be compared with a French-speaking operator in Paris. In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition. In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast",

neg: Typewriter created a need for mechanization of the writing process. Stenographers and telegraphers could take down information at rates up to 130 words per minute, whereas a writer with a pen was limited to a maximum of 30 words per minute (the 1853 speed record). From 1829 to 1870, many printing or typing machines were patented by inventors in Europe and America, but none went into commercial production. In 1865, Rev. Rasmus Malling-Hansen of Denmark invented the Hansen Writing Ball, which went into commercial production in 1870 and was the first commercially sold typewriter. It was a success in Europe and

neg: Typing records that are considered genuine are 241.82 wpm on an English text on typingzone.com by Brazilian Guilherme Sandrini (equivalent to 290.184 wpm using the traditional definition for words per minute since this site defines a word as six characters rather than five) and 256 wpm (a record caught on video) on TypeRacer by American Sean Wrona, the inaugural Ultimate Typing Championship winner, which was considered the highest ever legitimate score ever set on the site, until Wrona claimed it has been surpassed. Both of these records are essentially sprint speeds on short text selections lasting much less than one minute

neg: Music Wizard played a typing game, and soon he was typing 40 words per minute. It was then that he first had the idea that a piano video game could have the same effect, with the added complexity of precision timing being much more important than with typing. Around this time the MIDI protocol for computers to deal with music was created, and the combination of the two concepts lead to the possibility of a game, with a twist. Salter's idea was to start with a simple game, but then transition to reading music notation, allowing even very young children to learn

neg: Speech tempo "including" pauses and hesitations and speech tempo "excluding" them. The former is called speaking rate and the latter articulation rate. Various units of speech have been used as a basis for measurement. The traditional measure of speed in typing and Morse code transmission has been words per minute (wpm). However, in the study of speech the word is not well defined (being primarily a unit of grammar), and speech is not usually temporally stable over a period as long as a minute. Many studies have used the measure of syllables per second, but this is not completely reliable because, although

neg: Word count Word count The word count is the number of words in a document or passage of text. Word counting may be needed when a text is required to stay within certain numbers of words. This may particularly be the case in academia, legal proceedings, journalism and advertising. Word count is commonly used by translators to determine the price for the translation job. Word counts may also be used to calculate measures of readability and to measure typing and reading speeds (usually in words per minute). When converting character counts to words, a measure of 5 or 6 characters to a

neg: Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing the 2011 Ultimate Mac Edition from Software MacKiev which returned full Dvorak keyboard lessons to the product. Earlier versions were made for Apple II, Commodore 64, Atari 400/800 (version 1 only), Apple IIGS, Atari ST, Mac OS, Windows, Palm OS (version 16), and Amiga systems. The current Windows and Mac versions are published under the Brøderbund trademark by both Encore and Software MacKiev. The program includes a number of speed tests and constantly tracks the user's words-per-minute typing speed. It also includes a number of typing games of which some versions have been included since the first release. (The 2011

neg: Words per minute the minimum required for dispatch positions and other time-sensitive typing jobs), and some advanced typists work at speeds above 120 wpm. Two-finger typists, sometimes also referred to as "hunt and peck" typists, commonly reach sustained speeds of about 37 wpm for memorized text and 27 wpm when copying text, but in bursts may be able to reach much higher speeds. From the 1920s through the 1970s, typing speed (along with shorthand speed) was an important secretarial qualification and typing contests were popular and often publicized by typewriter companies as promotional tools. Stenotype keyboards enable the trained user to input text

neg: SlideIT style keyboards for touch screens can increases typing speed by 30-40% and yields potential typing speeds of more than 50 words per minute – matching the average speed of a professional typist. A comparable sliding style keyboard, Swype, as of late 2010, holds the world speed record for text input into a mobile phone. SlideIT can be run on any Android phone or tablet computer, Windows Mobile and Symbian S60 v5. SlideIT for iPhone and Windows Tablet PC will be available soon. SlideIT SlideIT is a text input method for touchscreen devices developed by Dasur Ltd based on pattern recognition.

neg: JumpStart Typing Qwerty out, but it turns out that her power cards needed to unlock and open the Trophy Room need to be recharged. The user must therefore coach the Sparks Team in Qwerty's place and recharge Polly's power cards through taking timed typing tests. At the beginning of the game, the user takes a diagnostic test to determine the words per minute goals that need to be reached to activate the power cards. The Keyboard Training Center is run by Polly and includes the locked Trophy Room, the Technique-O-Tron and the Test-O-Matic. The Technique-O-Tron provides two humorous movies, made in a

neg: Punched tape the operator to prepare the message "off-line" at the operator's best typing speed, and permitted the operator to correct any error prior to transmission. An experienced operator could prepare a message at 135 words per minute (WPM) or more for short periods. The line typically operated at 75WPM, but it operated continuously. By preparing the tape "off-line" and then sending the message with a tape reader, the line could operate continuously rather than depending on continuous "on-line" typing by a single operator. Typically, a single 75WPM line supported three or more teletype operators working offline. Tapes punched at the receiving

neg: Birdie Reeve Kay at the University of Chicago. Birdie Reeve Kay Birdie Reeve Kay, born Birdie Reeve (January 16, 1907 - May 31, 1996), was an American champion typist who performed in the 1920s in vaudeville. She reached speeds of over 200 words, or 800 letters, per minute, and was billed as the "World's Fastest Typist". She used only two fingers of each hand, spread out in a V formation, in a typing system reportedly invented by her father Thomas Reeve. She explained that she achieved her speed by "studying words and not the typewriter", classifying words by their endings, and was reported

neg: Birdie Reeve Kay Birdie Reeve Kay Birdie Reeve Kay, born Birdie Reeve (January 16, 1907 - May 31, 1996), was an American champion typist who performed in the 1920s in vaudeville. She reached speeds of over 200 words, or 800 letters, per minute, and was billed as the "World's Fastest Typist". She used only two fingers of each hand, spread out in a V formation, in a typing system reportedly invented by her father Thomas Reeve. She explained that she achieved her speed by "studying words and not the typewriter", classifying words by their endings, and was reported to have a vocabulary of

neg: Compressed air foam system per minute foam solution in tandem with per minute air produce the most effective blanket. It was further agreed that the maximum combination of air flow mixed with foam solution flow out of a 1-3/4" line under normal pump pressures of 100–125 PSI could not physically exceed a total of 140–150. In other words, the simultaneous flow of per minute of air and per minute of water is approaching the maximum limit or carrying capacity of that diameter hose (1.75 inches). (Texas CAFS Symposium February, 2007) Air pressurized water (APW) fire extinguishers are commonly converted into makeshift CAFS extinguishers by

neg: Augmentative and alternative communication Rate enhancement strategies can increase the user's rate of output to around 12–15 words per minute, and as a result enhance the efficiency of communication. There are two main options for increasing the rate of communication: encoding and prediction. Encoding is a technique permitting an AAC user to produce an entire word, sentence or phrase using only one or two activations of their AAC system. In numeric, alpha-numeric, and letter encoding (also known as abbreviation-expansion), words and sentences are coded as sequences of letters and numbers. For example, typing "HH" may retrieve "Hello, how are you?". In iconic encoding strategies,

neg: Frank Edward McGurrin a test, wrote ninety-seven words on the type-writer, and read the copy. He did not look at the machine, at all, but kept his eye on the copy. I know he wrote ninety-seven words in a minute, because I held the watch." This utterance is also notable because it is probably the first reference to what we now know as the "touch system" contained in the reports of any of the conventions. Frank Edward McGurrin Frank Edward McGurrin (April 2, 1861 – August 17, 1933) invented Touch Typing in 1888. He was a court stenographer at Salt Lake City who

neg: Typing through the 1970s, typing speed (along with shorthand speed) was an important secretarial qualification and typing contests were popular and often publicized by typewriter companies as promotional tools. A less common measure of the speed of a typist, CPM is used to identify the number of characters typed per minute. This is a common measurement for typing programs, or typing tutors, as it can give a more accurate measure of a person's typing speed without having to type for a prolonged period of time. The common conversion factor between WPM and CPM is 5. It is also used occasionally for

neg: Chinese input methods for computers and user preferences. For example, if one enters the sounds "jicheng", the software will type 繼承 (to inherit), but if "jichengche" is entered, 計程車 (taxi) will appear. Various Chinese dialects complicate the system. Phonetic methods are mainly based on standard pinyin, Zhuyin/Bopomofo, and Jyutping in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, respectively. Input methods based on other varieties of Chinese, like Hakka or Minnan, also exist. While the phonetic system is easy to learn, choosing appropriate Chinese characters slows typing speed. Most users report a typing speed of fifty characters per minute, though some reach over one hundred per minute. With

neg: Artemis Fowl II notes to many famous pieces of music by composers such as Bach and Beethoven. He speaks fluent Gnommish, some Spanish, and speaks Russian with an impeccable accent. He also speaks French, and is able to read lips. He is skilled in detecting and creating forgeries. In addition to these abilities, Artemis holds several other fringe talents. He can allegedly type "Paradise Lost" in less than twenty minutes giving him the minimum typing speed of 7525 words per minute. He is ambidextrous, but his left hand is slightly steadier (his other personality, Orion, is also ambidextrous, but favours his right hand).

neg: Electronic notetaking Electronic notetaking Electronic notetaking (ENT), also known as computer-assisted notetaking (CAN), is a system that provides virtually simultaneous access to spoken information to people who are deaf and hard of hearing, facilitating equal participation with their hearing colleagues, coworkers, and classmates. This method is most often used in educational or training sessions, but it is also used at health care appointments, meetings, or interviews. Using a software program, an operator types a summary of the spoken information into a computer at a minimum typing speed of 60 words per minute. The text is then projected on a screen or transmitted

neg: Velotype Velotype Velotype is the old trademark for a type of keyboard for typing text known as a syllabic chord keyboard, an invention of the Dutchmen Nico Berkelmans and Marius den Outer. The current tradename is Veyboard. Veyboard is a Dutch company. Contrary to traditional QWERTY type keyboards, on which a typist usually presses one key at a time to create one character at a time, a Veyboard requires the user to press several keys simultaneously, producing syllables rather than letters. A practiced "veyboarder" can produce more text than on a traditional keyboard, as much as 200 words per minute, double

neg: Celestine Tate Harrington Edward B. Rosenberg ordered the child's return. In the custody hearing Celestine "startled the courtroom" when she dressed and undressed Niya using only her lips, teeth and tongue. The judge also stated that the mother was "very sensible and has unusual mental capacity." In a "Jet" magazine article covering the court case, Celestine demonstrated typing 35 words per minute, handwriting, playing the organ, controlling a television, and taking complete care of her baby with her mouth. Her attorney commented, "The worst thing that could happen is the child could be spoiled." At the time, Tate was receiving Social Security and

neg: Lenore Fenton MacClain which saw a few editions. She died on March 9, 2005 and was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery. Her Electromatic typewriter with a Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout is in the collection of the National Museum of American History. Lenore Fenton MacClain Lenore Fenton MacClain (née Lenore Fenton) was a championship typist and typewriting educator. She won numerous international typewriting awards and international records in typing. She first appeared on the typewriting scene in a typewriting competition in Toronto on August 28, 1937, where she won the novice title with 87 words per minute. In 1944, she starred in United

neg: Copy typist which was typed up was often signed by the secretary with a pp or was otherwise given back to the sender to sign before dispatch. A copy typist or a secretary with this skill will quote their speed in words per minute (abbreviated to wpm) on their curriculum vitae and may be asked to demonstrate their speed and accuracy of this skill as part of the interview or application process. Copy typist A copy typist is someone who specialises in typing text from a source which they read. Copy typists learn to touch type at a high speed, which means

neg: Dvorak Simplified Keyboard "Reason" magazine where they rejected Dvorak proponents' claims that the dominance of the QWERTY is due to market failure brought on by QWERTY's early adoption, writing, "[T]he evidence in the standard history of Qwerty versus Dvorak is flawed and incomplete. [..] The most dramatic claims are traceable to Dvorak himself; and the best-documented experiments, as well as recent ergonomic studies, suggest little or no advantage for the Dvorak keyboard." In certain forms of writing, typing speed is limited by other factors than keyboard layout. For example, the words per minute (WPM) of authors and writers has not seen a noticeable

neg: Teletype Model 28 the typing unit (LP) and incorporates the code selecting mechanisms. The Teletype Model 28 RO is 40 inches high, 20.5 inches wide and 18.5 inches deep. "Model 28 Receiving Selector" The Model 28 Receiving Selector, also known as the LRS, converts incoming serial teletypewriter signals into parallel-wire intelligence. This equipment is capable of operating at 60, 75 or 100 words per minute and operates on a five-level start-stop code, with an option for six-level start-stop code. This unit is equipped with two types of contacts - code reading and timing contacts. The Model 28 Receiving Selector, equipped with a standard

neg: Virtual keyboard check a string (usually the text of a document) for misspelled words, commonly known as Apple’s autocorrection. UITextChecker spell-checks are using a lexicon for a given language. It can be told to ignore specific words when spell-checking a particular document and it can learn new words, which adds those words to the lexicon. Diverse scientific papers at the beginning of the 2000’s showed even before the invention of smart phones, that predicting words, based on what the user is typing, is very helpful to increase the typing speed. At the beginning of development of this keyboard feature, prediction was mainly

neg: Actual cubic feet per minute at normal conditions, such as 14.7 psia, 68°F, 36% relative humidity. However, there is no agreed upon definition for what constitutes normal conditions. Free air delivery (FAD) indicates delivered air, referred to as "free air", at inlet conditions. Ratings found in centrifugal fan performance tables and curves are based on standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). Fan manufacturers define standard air as clean, dry air with a density of 0.075 pounds mass per cubic foot, with the atmospheric pressure at sea level of 29.92 inches of mercury and a temperature of 70°F. Selecting a centrifugal fan to operate at conditions

neg: The Lighthouse of Houston customer services, phone etiquette, and basic switchboard operation. The Lighthouse of Houston has been offering Medical Transcription Training since 1973. A minimum typing speed of 50 words per minute and post-high school level spelling and grammar are required to begin the program. Training includes advanced medical keyboarding, medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, human diseases, introduction to laboratory, pharmacology, and medical ethical issues. In 2006, the Lighthouse began offering Distance Medical Transcription Training on the Internet. Computer and Technology Training is available through The Lighthouse of Houston’s Computer Learning Center and the Technology Training Unit. Both facilities provide access to the

neg: Touch typing be covering " " with the thumb on the while the left hand covers " ".) The typist will then use their little finger to reach for the "" key located just above the semicolon and then return the pinky back to the semicolon key from which it originated. The ring finger, located on the "" key will be moved directly upwards to press the "" key and then back. Finally, the same ring finger will remain on the "" key and press it twice. Experienced typists can do this at speeds of over 100 words per minute, but the

neg: Words per minute records showed that the highest speed fell in the range 120–155 characters per minute, the highest possible limit being 190 characters per minute. According to various studies the speed of handwriting of 3–7 graders varies from 25 to 94 letters per minute. Using stenography (shorthand) methods, this rate increases greatly. Handwriting speeds up to 350 words per minute have been achieved in shorthand competitions. Words per minute is a common metric for assessing reading speed and is often used in the context of remedial skills evaluation, as well as in the context of speed reading, where it is a controversial

neg: Words per minute in the USA and five in British territories. So the average British telegraph word was 30.67 dot times. So the baud rate of a Morse code is × word per minute rate. It is standard practice to use two different such "standard words" to measure Morse code speeds in words per minute. The standard words are: "PARIS" and "CODEX". In Morse code "PARIS" has 50 dot durations, while "CODEX" has 60. Morse is still widely used by amateur radio operators (hams). Experienced hams routinely send Morse at 20 words per minute, using manually operated hand telegraph keys; enthusiasts such as

neg: Acute severe asthma night). In acute severe asthma, breathlessness may be so severe that it is impossible to speak more than a few words (inability to complete sentences). On examination, the respiratory rate may be elevated (more than 25 breaths per minute), and the heart rate may be rapid (110 beats per minute or faster). Reduced oxygen saturation levels (but above 92%) are often encountered. Examination of the lungs with a stethoscope may reveal reduced air entry and/or widespread wheeze. The peak expiratory flow can be measured at the bedside; in acute severe asthma the flow is less than 50% a person's normal

neg: ETAOI keyboard looking) commonly associated with physical keyboards. Top recorded speeds are currently 55 words per minute. With all the keys presented as just one horizontal line placed at the screen’s bottom edge, the keyboard allows the viewing area to be used much more effectively as it usually takes only a third of the space required by QWERTY keyboard variants. The keys’ larger size results in a significantly reduced number of typing errors. Other benefits include immediate access to characters other than letters without the need to recall additional screens, by simply applying the relevant combinations of taps and slides. In the

neg: Speech-generating device or grammatical suitability. However, users have been shown to produce more words per minute (using a scanning interface) with a static keyboard layout than with a predictive grid layout, suggesting that the cognitive overhead of reviewing a new arrangement cancels out the benefits of the predictive layout when using a scanning interface. Some systems, such as Auditory Sciences' Interact-Voice device, combine Encoding and Prediction into the same system. For example, typing "HMF" can be an encoded shortcut for "Can you help me find ____" and then the prediction capabilities help the user complete the sentence, such as "Can you help

neg: Speed typing contest touchscreen of size 4.5" or less, subject to Guinness World Records rules. Malaysia began holding an annual contest in 2011. Each participant must pass a certain words per minute (WPM) to be eligible for the final live competition. The contest was jointly organized by team a students, JCI Mines and AYFIC Project. It receives support from Microsoft Malaysia, Malaysian Book of Records (MBR), Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC), Multimedia IT Society, HYJ Wushu Academy and Blogmakeover, as well as various government agencies. The contest soft launched on 1 July 2011, including a press conference that received Chinese newspaper coverage. The initial

neg: Theodore Roosevelt McElroy Club initially checked his speed with the 18-dot standard and recorded his speed at 90 words per minute. When the 21-dot standard is applied then his speed is computed to be 77 words per minute (18/21 times 90 wpm = 77 wpm). McElroy showed a speed of 75 words per minute in the Boston "World of Tomorrow" exhibition on 16 November 1938, although it is not counted as an official contest. He demonstrated a copy speed of 75.2 words per minute on 2 July 1939 at the Radio Club in Asheville, North Carolina. McElroy was named to Philadelphia's Morse Telegraph

neg: Words per minute monitors prior to 1992. See Noyes & Garland 2008 for a modern tech view of equivalence.] Audiobooks are recommended to be 150–160 words per minute, which is the range that people comfortably hear and vocalize words. Slide presentations tend to be closer to 100–125 wpm for a comfortable pace, auctioneers can speak at about 250 wpm, and the fastest speaking policy debaters speak from 350 to over 500 words per minute. Internet speech calculators show that various things influence words per minute including nervousness. John Moschitta, Jr., was listed in "Guinness World Records", for a time, as the world's fastest

neg: Jean Wade Rindlaub the Pennsylvania Business and Shorthand College. Jean learned shorthand and typing at a young age and by age eleven could type 50 words per minute. As a young adult she worked as a secretary to the advertising manager of the local Armstrong Cork Company. Within a short time, she began assisting with copywriting. Rindlaub left Pennsylvania in 1930, relocating to New York City to marry Willard W. Rindlaub (1903–1983). Within a month she began working at the prestigious advertising agency, Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn (BBDO). Though Rindlaub worked full-time during her long marriage she and her husband had two

neg: Subvocalization even at scanning rates is normal. Typically, subvocalizing is an inherent part of reading and understanding a word. Micro-muscle tests suggest that full and permanent elimination of subvocalizing is impossible. This may originate in the way people learn to read by associating the sight of words with their spoken sounds. Sound associations for words are indelibly imprinted on the nervous system—even of deaf people, since they will have associated the word with the mechanism for causing the sound or a sign in a particular sign language. At the slower reading rates (100–300 words per minute), subvocalizing may improve comprehension. Subvocalizing

neg: Wizard101 see text messages, but word filters are in place to censor profanity. Filtered words are marked red while typing and come out as three dots. If the player is 18 years or older and has verified the account via credit card, the text messages become much less restrictive, allowing you to see and type words that are usually filtered, but some words are still filtered. Words filtered by the normal text chat that are still visible to 18+ chat are marked yellow and can be seen by those with 18+ chat, but not 13+ chat. Player names must be decided

neg: Morse code test elements at 16 code groups per minute, 20 words per minute, 20 code groups per minute, and 25 words per minute. The word per minute rate would be close to the PARIS standard, and the code groups per minute would be close to the CODEX standard. While the Federal Communications Commission no longer requires Morse code for amateur radio licenses, the old requirements were similar to the requirements for commercial radiotelegraph licenses. A difference between amateur radio licenses and commercial radiotelegraph licenses is that commercial operators must be able to receive code groups of random characters along with plain

neg: Definite clause grammar book called "Prolog and Natural Language Analysis", that was intended as a general introduction to computational linguistics using logic programming. A basic example of DCGs helps to illustrate what they are and what they look like. This generates sentences such as "the cat eats the bat", "a bat eats the cat". One can generate all of the valid expressions in the language generated by this grammar at a Prolog interpreter by typing codice_1. Similarly, one can test whether a sentence is valid in the language by typing something like codice_2. DCG notation is just syntactic sugar for normal definite clauses

neg: High-speed telegraphy Arabic numerals, or a mixed content of letters, numbers, and some punctuation symbols. Competitors may choose to record the text by hand on paper or by typing on a computer keyboard. The competition starts with one minute of transmission sent at an initial speed defined for the entry category (usually 50 letters per minute for juniors and 80 letters per minute for the other age categories). After each test, the copy of the competitors is judged for errors. Subsequent tests are each conducted at an increased speed until no competitor remains who can copy the text without excessive error. In

neg: Time-compressed speech educational applications such as increasing the information density of trainings, and as a study aid. A number of studies have demonstrated that the average person is capable of relatively easily comprehending speech delivered at higher-than-normal rates, with the peak occurring at around 25% compression (that is, 25% faster than normal); this facility has been demonstrated in several languages. Conversational speech (in English) takes place at a rate of around 150 wpm (words per minute), but the average person is able to comprehend speech presented at rates of up to 200-250 wpm without undue difficulty. Blind and severely visually impaired subjects

neg: Typing type 15 wpm with a switch and adapted software created by Walt Woltosz. Due to a slowdown of his motor skills, his interface was upgraded with an infrared camera that detected "twitches in the cheek muscle under the eye." His typing speed decreased to approximately one word per minute in the later part of his life. The numeric entry, or 10-key, speed is a measure of one's ability to manipulate a numeric keypad. With the introduction of computers and word-processors, there has been a change in how text-entry is performed. In the past, using a typewriter, speed was measured with

neg: Radioteletype over rtty through the use of lengthy punched tape transmissions and then printed by the receiving station on paper. On January 7, 1972, the FCC amended Part 97 to allow faster RTTY speeds. Four standard RTTY speeds were authorized, namely, 60 (45 baud), 67 (50 baud), 75 (56.25 baud) and 100 (75 baud) words per minute. Many Amateur Radio operators had equipment that was capable of being upgraded to 75 and 100 words per minute by changing teleprinter gears. While there was an initial interest in 100 words per minute operation, many Amateur Radio operators moved back to 60 words

neg: Morse code is 60 milliseconds. Using the word CODEX with 60 dot units, the dot length at 20 words per minute is 50 milliseconds. Because Morse code is usually sent by hand, it is unlikely that an operator could be that precise with the dot length, and the individual characteristics and preferences of the operators usually override the standards. For commercial radiotelegraph licenses in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission specifies tests for Morse code proficiency in words per minute and in code groups per minute. The Commission specifies that a word is 5 characters long. The Commission specifies Morse code

neg: Duck typing more clearly. To proponents of static type checking, duck typing suggests the "absence" of typing, making its incorporation of the term "typing" appear incoherent. Duck typing Duck typing in computer programming is an application of the duck test—"If it walks like a duck and it quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck"—to determine if an object can be used for a particular purpose. With normal typing, suitability is determined by an object's type. In duck typing, an object's suitability is determined by the presence of certain methods and properties, rather than the type of the object itself.

neg: His Girl Friday Walter and slow-talking Bruce and Earl which serves to emphasize the gap between the intelligent and the unintelligent in the film. The average word per minute count of the film is 240 while average American speech is around 140 words per minute. There are nine scenes with at least four words per second and at least two with more than five words per second. Hawks attached verbal tags before and after specific script lines so the actors would be able to interrupt and talk over each other without making the necessary dialogue incomprehensible. Film theorist and historian David Bordwell explained

neg: Electrocardiography but is too dysfunctional to produce a life-sustaining cardiac output. Certain rhythms are known to have good cardiac output and some are known to have bad cardiac output. Ultimately, an echocardiogram or other anatomical imaging modality is useful in assessing the mechanical function of the heart. Like all medical tests, what constitutes "normal" is based on population studies. The heartrate range of between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm) is considered normal since data shows this to be the usual resting heart rate. Interpretation of the ECG is ultimately that of pattern recognition. In order to understand the patterns

neg: Touch typing must have been using similar systems. In 1889 Bates Torrey coined the words "writing by touch" in his article. In 1890 Lovisa Ellen Bullard Barnes defined the words "write by touch" in her book as follows: Touch typing is contrasted to "search and peck", also known as "hunt-and-peck" or "two-fingered typing". Instead of relying on the memorized position of keys, the typist finds each key by sight and moves their finger over to press it, usually the index finger of their dominant hand. This method is considered inferior as not only is it slower than touch typing, the typist would

neg: Speed reading reading comprehension as critical. The top contestants typically read around 1,000 to 2,000 words per minute with approximately 50% comprehension or above. The six time world champion Anne Jones is recorded for 4200wpm with previous exposure to the material and 67% comprehension. The recorded number of words the eye can see in single fixation is three words. Another controversy is about "Speed Reading World Record" claims. For example, Howard Stephen Berg from the United States claims to be the Guinness Fastest Reader World Record holder with his reading speed of 25,000 words per minute. Another such claim comes from Ms.

neg: Stephan Riess are large volumes of potable primary water (what geologists now recognise as juvenile water) had been examined in the 1960s and rejected by hydrologists of the California Department of Water Resources and the US Geological Survey. Scientists from both organizations found no evidence that water pumped from Riess-located wells was anything but normal groundwater derived from downward-infiltrating precipitation. The California Department of Water Resources compiled information on wells located by Riess, and of the 11 wells for which they had reliable information, yields varied from 0 to 90 gallons per minute, with an average of 19 gallons per minute, far

neg: Radio Materiel School student’s Morse Code operating ability, measured at the rate of words per minute. Students were drawn from Naval Reserve stations around the country. A recruit was sent to Harvard upon reaching an aptitude of 10 words per minute; when he improved to 22 words per minute he was graduated and immediately transferred to the fleet. By Armistice in November 1918, enrollment reached its peak at 3,480 men under instruction. With the war over, enrollment dwindled, and in April 1919 the remaining personnel were transferred to the Great Lakes. While enrolled at the school, students lived in dormitories and barracks on

neg: Swype to have reached 55 words per minute. On 22 March 2010, a Swype employee by the name of Franklin Page achieved a new Guinness World Record of 35.54 seconds for the fastest text message on a touchscreen mobile phone using Swype on the Samsung i8000, and reportedly improved on 22 August of the same year to 25.94 using a Samsung Galaxy S. The Guinness world record text message consists of 160 characters in 25 words and was at that time typed in 25.94 seconds, which corresponds to a speed of nearly 58 words per minute, or 370 characters per minute.

neg: John Moschitta Jr. per minute. His record was broken in 1990 by Steve Woodmore who spoke 637 words per minute and then by Sean Shannon, who spoke 655 words per minute on August 30, 1995. However, Moschitta questions the legitimacy of those who claim to be faster than he is. In 1981, Moschitta appeared on the ABC TV series "That's Incredible!". The appearance led to many other television offers, such as "The Tonight Show" and the "Merv Griffin Show". Also, after seeing the show, Patrick Kelly and Michael Tesch, employees of the Ally & Gargano ad agency, hired Moschitta to appear in a

neg: Steve Woodmore is challenged to beat Woodmore's world record of 637 wpm live on television. The finals were held on 10 September 2011. Married and with eight children, he resides in Orpington, London, Great Britain. Woodmore is currently trying to slow down the speed of his speech, so as to have a normal conversation with others. Steve Woodmore Steven "Steve" Woodmore (born 1959) is a British electronics salesman and comedian known for his rapid speech articulation, being able to articulate 637 words per minute (wpm), a speed four times faster than the average person. Woodmore was listed by the "Guinness Book of

neg: Dutton Speedwords manuals are now out of print, but the method has seen a revival since the start of the 21st century, as its applications in online work have become noted, such as the benefit of using a shorthand method for typing e-mail. Unlike other shorthand methods, such as Pitman's shorthand, the Speedwords method uses ordinary Roman letters to represent the semantic qualities of words rather than using new symbols. This means it can be typed using a normal keyboard. The vocabulary of Speedwords uses many international words and compressed forms of the writer's own language. Dutton claimed that Speedwords was "the

neg: Heart rate number of different metrics are used to describe heart rate. Normal pulse rates at rest, in beats per minute (BPM): The basal or resting heart rate (HR) is defined as the heart rate when a person is awake, in a neutrally temperate environment, and has not been subject to any recent exertion or stimulation, such as stress or surprise. A large body of evidence indicates that the normal range is 60-100 beats per minute. This resting heart rate is often correlated with mortality. For example, all-cause mortality is increased by 1.22 (hazard ratio) when heart rate exceeds 90 beats per

neg: Walter Cronkite popular situation comedy "All in the Family", during which the lead character Archie Bunker would sometimes complain about the newsman, calling him "Pinko Cronkite." Cronkite trained himself to speak at a rate of 124 words per minute in his newscasts, so that viewers could clearly understand him. In contrast, Americans average about 165 words per minute, and fast, difficult-to-understand talkers speak close to 200 words per minute. In 1968, the faculty of the E. W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University voted to award Cronkite the Carr Van Anda Award "for enduring contributions to journalism." In 1970, Cronkite received

neg: Vision span training (meta guiding) to take in as much as a line for the purpose of skimming or speed reading. However other sources suggest that using this method can result in a severely reduced comprehension rate in comparison to normal reading ("rauding"). Some speed reading courses stress that the human eye has to move very quickly. They also stress that the human eye should move in a pattern to fill in the information that was not properly perceived. The effective limit for scanning speeds based upon the limit of the human eye's resolution is about 300 words per minute. It is

neg: Heart arrhythmia electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles (main pumping chambers). The impulse then spreads through both ventricles via the Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres causing a synchronised contraction of the heart muscle and, thus, the pulse. In adults the normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 90 beats per minute. The resting heart rate in children is much faster. In athletes, however, the resting heart rate can be as slow as 40 beats per minute, and be considered as normal. The term sinus arrhythmia refers to a normal phenomenon of alternating mild acceleration and slowing of

neg: Netta Eames discipline to train herself to become an accomplished pianist, organist and singer. Netta instilled the ideals of feminism, vegetarianism, socialism and a modern outlook on sexual activities. Roscoe was frequently absent and involved with other women, but he taught Charmian typing and a special technique of shorthand. She was able to type in the 120 - 150 word-per-minute range. In the late 1890s Charmian, who had worked her way through Mills College in Oakland as a typist and typing instructor, became an assistant to Netta at "Overland Monthly". Through an 1899 lunch with Netta, a 28-year-old Charmian met Jack London,

neg: Standard litre per minute Standard litre per minute The standard litre per minute (SLM or SLPM) is a unit of volumetric flow rate of a gas corrected to "standardized" conditions of temperature and pressure (STP), which is most commonly practiced in the United States whereas European practice revolves around the normal litre per minute (NLPM).. Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Since 1982, STP is defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). Conversions

neg: Speed reading by practice. Skimming is usually seen more in adults than in children. It is conducted at a higher rate (700 words per minute and above) than normal reading for comprehension (around 200–230 wpm), and results in lower comprehension rates, especially with information-rich reading material. Scanning is the process where one actively looks for information using a mind-map (organizing information in a visually hierarchical manner that showcases the interrelatedness of the information for better retrievability) formed from skimming. These techniques are used by meta-guiding your eyes. Scanning includes the main point as well as headings and important information. Meta guiding is

neg: Duck typing Duck typing Duck typing in computer programming is an application of the duck test—"If it walks like a duck and it quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck"—to determine if an object can be used for a particular purpose. With normal typing, suitability is determined by an object's type. In duck typing, an object's suitability is determined by the presence of certain methods and properties, rather than the type of the object itself. This is a simple example in Python 3 that demonstrates how any object may be used in any context, up until it is used

neg: Teletype Corporation System 101, 103, 108 and 113 data sets or their equivalent. The Teletype Model 42 and Teletype Model 43 are electronic teleprinters providing character-at-a-time keyboard-printer send receive operation. The Teletype Model 42 is the Baudot variant of the Model 43, which is an ASCII teleprinter. The Model 43 has two transmission speeds, 100 words-per-minute and 300 words-per-minute, selectable by the operator to match the distant station speed. The Teletype Model 43 printer could print up to 80 characters per line using the friction feed printer option. Model 43 sprocket feed printers print messages with up to 132 characters per line

neg: WTAW (AM) code. Transmissions by code are inherently much slower than by voice and its normal rate of speed is in the vicinity of 20 words or 100 characters per minute. This is too slow to keep up with gridiron activities and therefore, a system of abbreviations had to be devised. It so happened that Harry Saunders had previously worked as an operator with Western Union and was familiar with methods used by commercial telegraph companies in furnishing the play-by-play accounts of football and baseball games to newspapers, private sporting clubs, etc. When it was mentioned on the air to the operators

neg: Benjamin Alexander (writer) uses predictive word processing software that allows him to choose from a list of words after typing a few letters. Essays are described as his favorite form of writing. Benjamin Alexander (writer) Benjamin Alexander is the first student with nonverbal autism to attend Tulane University in New Orleans. He is majoring in English, and is also a published writer. Alexander is a user of facilitated communication. He opposes the view of autism as a gift, and wants to be normal, claiming “I have been at war with God over my autism.” He has expressed the desire to orally communicate, function

neg: Heart rate minute. The mortality rate of patients with myocardial infarction increased from 15% to 41% if their admission heart rate was greater than 90 beats per minute. ECG of 46,129 individuals with low risk for cardiovascular disease revealed that 96% had resting heart rates ranging from 48-98 beats per minute. Finally, expert consensus reveals that 98% of cardiologists believe that the "60 to 100" range is too high, with a vast majority of them agreeing that 50 to 90 beats per minute is more appropriate. The normal resting heart rate is based on the at-rest firing rate of the heart's sinoatrial

neg: Words per minute measure of reading performance. A word in this context is the same as in the context of speech. Research done in 2012 measured the speed at which subjects read a text aloud, and found the average speed across 17 different languages to be 184±29 wpm or 863±234 characters per minute. However, for the languages that use the Latin or Cyrillic alphabets, the number of wpm varied, as low as 161±18 for Finnish and as high as 228±30 for English. The reason for this is different word structures in each language (longer words in such languages as Finnish and shorter words

neg: Real-time transcription Real-time transcription Real-time transcription is the general term for transcription by court reporters using real-time text technologies to deliver computer text screens within a few seconds of the words being spoken. Specialist software allows participants in court hearings or depositions to make notes in the text and highlight portions for future reference. Typically, real-time writers can produce text using machines at the rate of at least 200 words per minute. Stenographers can typically type up to 300 words per minute for short periods of time, but most cannot sustain such a speed. Real-time transcription is also used in the broadcasting

neg: Rafael Lozano-Hemmer viewer's actions, to change or create an effect upon the atmosphere and perception. Some of the text based installations, such as "Third Person" and "Subtitled Public", place words upon the viewer himself. Because of the random nature of these texts, the viewer has no control over what they are labeled as, incurring a sense of helplessness, and experience the pleasant and unpleasant connotations that are associated with the words placed upon themselves. The text based installations such as "33 Questions Per Minute" and "There is No Business Like No Business" are reliant upon the willing participation of the viewer. These

neg: Aguada transmission station cannot carry audio (voice), and can transmit text messages only at a slow data rate. VLF data transmission rates are around 300 bit/s – or about 35 eight-bit ASCII characters per second (or the equivalent of a sentence every two seconds) – a total of 450 words per minute. Simply shifting to 7-bit ASCII increases the number of transmitted characters per time unit by 14%. An additional shift to a 6-bit or a 5-bit code (such as the baudot code) would result in speeds of more than 600 and 700 words per minute. In situations where GPS is denied to

neg: The Office (U.S. TV series) the third season. Krasinski and Fischer were paid around $20,000 for the beginning of the series. Starting with the fourth season, the two started getting paid around $100,000 per episode. A typical episode for a half-hour time slot runs 20-and-a-half minutes. The final episode of season two introduces the first of what would be several super-sized episodes that are approximately 28-minute running time for a 40-minute time slot. Season three introduces the first of occasional hour-long episodes (approximately 42-minute running time; suitable for being shown as two separate normal episodes). The first season consists of six episodes. The series starts

neg: Words per minute speaker, being able to talk at 586 wpm. He has since been surpassed by Steve Woodmore, who achieved a rate of 637 wpm. Morse code uses variable length sequences of short and long duration "signals" (dots and dashes) to represent source information e.g. sequences for the letter "K" and numeral "2" are respectively () and (). This variability complicates the measurement of Morse code speed rated in words per minute. Using telegram messages, the average English word length is about five characters, each averaging 5.124 dot durations or baud. Spacing between words should also be considered, being seven dot durations

neg: Julia Kwan parents. These childhood experiences would be a strong influence on her feature film "Eve and" "the Fire Horse" (2005). Her mother was a garment factory worker, while her father was employed as the head waiter at a Vancouver Chinese restaurant. She studied film at Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto, Ontario. Kwan was previously employed as a data entry clerk, and is capable of typing 105 words a minute. As of 2006, Kwan is in remission from Cancer. Kwan was born under the Chinese astrological sign of the Fire Horse. Kwan did not start making films until her 20s. Julia Kwan

neg: TypeRacer Teaches Typing" engineer, who expressed approval of "TypeRacer". Epshteyn holds a Master's degree in Computer Science from UMass Amherst and was an intern at Google in 2005. "TypeRacer" was listed among "PC Magazine"'s "Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites of 2008". Players compete by racing miniature cars that advance as the users type short passages that are 20 to 100 words long. Accuracy is required; any typing errors in words have to be fixed before continuing with the race. The typing passages come from popular songs, films and books, such as "Monty Python and the Holy Grail", "A Clockwork Orange", and

neg: Radioteletype per minute. Some of the reasons for the failure of 100 words per minute HF RTTY included poor operation of improperly maintained mechanical teleprinters, narrow bandwidth terminal units, continued use of 170 Hz shift at 100 words per minute and excessive error rates due to multipath distortion and the nature of ionospheric propagation. The FCC approved the use of ASCII by Amateur Radio stations on March 17, 1980 with speeds up to 300 baud from 3.5 to 21.25 MHz and 1200 baud between 28 and 225 MHz. Speeds up to 19.2 kilobaud was authorized on Amateur frequencies above 420 MHz.

neg: Computer security compromised by hardware failure recording of a single word typed by a single person on a keyboard, and a dictionary of words. It is assumed that the typed word is present in the dictionary. The aim of the attack is to reconstruct the original word from the signal. This attack, taking as input a 10-minute sound recording of a user typing English text using a keyboard, and then recovering up to 96% of typed characters. This attack is inexpensive because the other hardware required is a parabolic microphone and non-invasive because it does not require physical intrusion into the system. The attack employs a

neg: Simply typed lambda calculus this case formula_39 is said to be "well-typed" (having type formula_4). Instances of the typing relation are called "typing judgements". The validity of a typing judgement is shown by providing a "typing derivation", constructed using typing rules (wherein the premises above the line allow us to derive the conclusion below the line). Simply-typed lambda calculus uses these rules: In words, Examples of closed terms, "i.e." terms typable in the empty context, are: These are the typed lambda calculus representations of the basic combinators of combinatory logic. Each type formula_5 is assigned an order, a number formula_68. For base types, formula_69;

neg: WordGirl keeping people from discovering the truth and living normal family situations. Often, short animated segments are shown in between and at the end of episodes. "What's Your Favorite Word?", ostensibly hosted by Todd "Scoops" Ming, is a series of vox populi interviews asking random children what their favorite words are and why. A short game show segment called "May I Have a Word?" airs following each eleven-minute segment. This segment features the game show host, Beau Handsome, asking three contestants the definition of a particular word. The segment was created by Kelly Miyahara, Barry Sonnenfeld, and Ryan Raddatz. Yet another