query: what is the use of command prompt in windows

pos: Cmd.exe Cmd.exe Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe or cmd (after its executable file name), is the command-line interpreter on Windows NT, Windows CE, OS/2 and eComStation operating systems. It is the counterpart of COMMAND.COM in DOS and Windows 9x systems (where it is also called "MS-DOS Prompt"), and analogous to the Unix shells used on Unix-like systems. The initial version of Command Prompt for Windows NT was developed by Therese Stowell. Command Prompt interacts with the user through a command-line interface. In Windows, this interface is implemented through Win32 console. Command Prompt may take advantage of features available to native

pos: Cmd.exe programs of its own platform. For example, in OS/2, it can use real pipes in command pipelines, allowing both sides of the pipeline to run concurrently. As a result, it is possible to redirect the standard error stream. (COMMAND.COM uses temporary files, and runs the two sides serially, one after the other.) In Windows, Command Prompt is compatible with COMMAND.COM but provides the following extensions over it: Internal commands have also been improved: Cmd.exe Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe or cmd (after its executable file name), is the command-line interpreter on Windows NT, Windows CE, OS/2 and eComStation operating

pos: COMMAND.COM called the COMMAND.COM. The "command.com" domain once hosted a website with an image of a command prompt that has finished running the "dir" command on the root of an empty C drive. However, the resulting command incorrectly displayed the . and .. directories, which are never shown in the root of a drive. COMMAND.COM COMMAND.COM is the default command-line interpreter for DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows ME. In the case of DOS, it is the default user interface as well. It has an additional role as the first program run after boot, hence being responsible for setting up

pos: Command-line interface by the command-line interpreter while displaying the prompt. In DOS's COMMAND.COM and in Windows NT's cmd.exe users can modify the prompt by issuing a codice_12 command or by directly changing the value of the corresponding codice_13 environment variable. The default of most modern systems, the codice_14 style is obtained, for instance, with codice_15. The default of older DOS systems, codice_16 is obtained by just codice_12, although on some systems this produces the newer codice_14 style, unless used on floppy drives A: or B:; on those systems codice_19 can be used to override the automatic default and explicitly switch to the

pos: Escape character characters that have special meanings (in particular: codice_50). The DOS command-line interpreter, though it supports similar syntax, does not support this. For example, on the Windows Command Prompt, this will result in a syntax error. echo <hello world> whereas this will output the string: echo ^<hello world^> In Windows backslash is used as path separator, therefore it generally can't be used as an escape character. PowerShell uses backtick ( ` ) instead. For example, the following command: echo "`tFirst line`nNew line" Will output: New line Not to be confused with: Escape character In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is

pos: Command (computing) ch2.txt. The command is cat, and ch1.txt and ch2.txt are both arguments. Here are some commands given to a different command-line interpreter (the DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows command prompt). Notice that the flags are identified differently but that the concepts are the same: The following command lists all the contents of the current directory. The command is dir, and "A" is a flag. There is no argument. The following command displays the contents of the file readme.txt. The command is type. The argument is "readme.txt". "P" is a parameter. Command (computing) In computing, a command is a directive to

pos: Command-line interface describe a command-line interpreter, strictly speaking a 'shell' can be any program that constitutes the user-interface, including fully graphically oriented ones. For example, the default Windows GUI is a shell program named EXPLORER.EXE, as defined in the SHELL=EXPLORER.EXE line in the WIN.INI configuration file. These programs are shells, but not CLIs. Application programs (as opposed to operating systems) may also have command line interfaces. An application program may support none, any, or all of these three major types of command line interface mechanisms: Some applications support only a CLI, presenting a CLI prompt to the user and acting upon command

neg: Title (command) in the program shortcut, the title is usually set to "Command Prompt". The command is available in Windows 2000 and later. Although the OS/2 command shell is closely related to the Windows Command Prompt, the codice_1 command is not available in the OS/2 version of codice_2. The default title of the OS/2 shell window is "OS/2 Window". It can be changed using the codice_5 command. The ReactOS Command Prompt also includes the codice_1 command to set the window title for the command prompt window. The command also is not available in the Mac OS X Terminal. Instead, the codice_7 command

neg: Ease of Access Keyboard, Sticky Keys, Toggle Keys, Filter Keys, and Mouse Keys. Ease of Access Ease of Access Center, formerly Utility Manager, is a component of Windows NT family of operating systems that enables use of assistive technologies. Utility Manager is included with Windows 2000 and Windows XP. In Windows Vista, Utility Manager was replaced with the Ease of Access Center control panel applet, which is still included in Windows 10, Microsoft's latest operating system. The keyboard shortcut for invoking Utility Manager or the Ease of Access Center is . The command-line shortcut (used in Windows Command Prompt or Run command) is

neg: Ease of Access Ease of Access Ease of Access Center, formerly Utility Manager, is a component of Windows NT family of operating systems that enables use of assistive technologies. Utility Manager is included with Windows 2000 and Windows XP. In Windows Vista, Utility Manager was replaced with the Ease of Access Center control panel applet, which is still included in Windows 10, Microsoft's latest operating system. The keyboard shortcut for invoking Utility Manager or the Ease of Access Center is . The command-line shortcut (used in Windows Command Prompt or Run command) is codice_1. Some features include Narrator, Magnifier, High Contrast, On Screen

neg: Title (command) Title (command) In computing, codice_1 is a command in various command line interpreters (shells) such as the Windows Command Prompt, the Command Processor Shell of Windows Embedded CE and Take Command that changes the title for the graphical terminal emulator window. The command is also used within DFS and ADFS to change the title of the disc in the current drive. In case of the Windows Command Prompt it is a shell builtin of the command line interpreter codice_2. The default window title is defined in the %COMSPEC% environment variable. However, since the Win32 console title can also be defined

neg: Function key decide what each function key meant to them, and the command line had its own actions (e.g., copied to the current command prompt words from the previous command). Following the IBM Common User Access guidelines, the key gradually became universally associated with Help in most early Windows programs. To this day, Microsoft Office programs running in Windows list as the key for Help in the Help menu. Internet Explorer in Windows does not list this keystroke in the help menu, but still responds with a help window. is commonly used to activate a search function in applications, often cycling through

neg: Powercfg Powercfg Powercfg (executable name codice_1) is a command-line utility that is used from an elevated Windows Command Prompt to control all configurable power system settings, including hardware-specific configurations that are not configurable through the Control Panel, on a per-user basis. It was first introduced by Microsoft in Windows XP SP2 in 2003. Powercfg must be run from an elevated command prompt, and, under Windows XP, it requires workstation Administrator or power user rights. Power Schemes are configured on a per-user basis. The most common cause of problems with power saving and hibernation on Windows systems is an incompatible device driver.

neg: MS-DOS 2000 was the last version of NT to support OS/2. The emulation is OS/2 1.30. POSIX is emulated through the POSIX shell, but no emulated shell; the commands are handled directly in CMD.EXE. The Command Prompt is often called the MS-DOS prompt. In part, this was the official name for it in Windows 9x and early versions of Windows NT (NT 3.5 and earlier), and in part because the SoftPC emulation of DOS redirects output into it. Actually only codice_1 and other 16-bit commands run in an NTVDM with codice_7 and codice_8 initialisation determined by codice_9, optionally permitting the use

neg: 8.3 filename prompt. A few simple rules can be followed to attain the correct 8.3 filename. To find out for sure the SFN or 8.3 names of the files in a directory use: codice_49 shows the short names if there is one, and the long names. or: codice_50 shows only the short names, in the original DIR listing format. In Windows NT-based operating systems, command prompt (codice_51) applets accept long filenames with wildcard characters (question mark '?' and asterisk '*'); long filenames with spaces in them need to be escaped (i.e. enclosed in single or double quotes). Starting with Windows Vista, console

neg: Internet Locator Server using Add/Remove Windows Components, under "Networking Services" (Site Server ILS Services). The Internet Location Server (ILS) included in Microsoft Windows 2000 offers service on port 1002, while the latest version of NetMeeting requests service from port 389. The choice of 1002 was to avoid conflict with Windows 2000's domain controllers, which use LDAP and Active Directory on port 389, as well as Microsoft Exchange Server 2000, which uses port 389. If the server is running neither Active Directory nor Microsoft Exchange Server, the Internet Location Server's port can be changed to 389 using the following command at a command prompt:

neg: Windows Setup 3.1x and Windows 3.2 requires that a compatible DOS operating system is already installed. The installer attempts to detect network cards, mice, and other hardware on its own but will rely on the user to specify hardware if it cannot find them. After the installation, Windows was to be started either manually by typing "WIN.COM" at the command prompt, or configured for automatic startup by adding WIN.COM to the end of AUTOEXEC.BAT. Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me do not require MS-DOS. The first phase of setup prepares the hard disk partition for use by Windows by formatting it

neg: Microsoft Security Essentials including Registry Editor, Windows Command Prompt, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari, and Google Chrome. Notes Citations Microsoft Security Essentials Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is an antivirus software (AV) that provides protection against different types of malicious software, such as computer viruses, spyware, rootkits, and trojan horses. Prior to version 4.5, MSE ran on , Windows Vista, and Windows 7, but not on Windows 8 and later, which have built-in AV components known as Windows Defender. MSE 4.5 and later versions do not run on Windows XP. The license agreement allows home users and small businesses to install and use

neg: Choice (command) screen using the codice_20 command. Choice (command) In computing, codice_1 is a command that allows for batch files to prompt the user to select one item from a set of single-character choices. The command was introduced as an external command (with filenames CHOICE.COM or CHOICE.EXE) with MS-DOS 6.0, Novell DOS 7 and PC DOS 7.0, and is also available from the command-line shell of some versions of Microsoft Windows, but not under Windows 2000 and Windows XP. It has been reintroduced in Windows Server 2003 and is present in later versions. Starting with Windows 2000, the codice_2 command has similar

neg: Choice (command) Choice (command) In computing, codice_1 is a command that allows for batch files to prompt the user to select one item from a set of single-character choices. The command was introduced as an external command (with filenames CHOICE.COM or CHOICE.EXE) with MS-DOS 6.0, Novell DOS 7 and PC DOS 7.0, and is also available from the command-line shell of some versions of Microsoft Windows, but not under Windows 2000 and Windows XP. It has been reintroduced in Windows Server 2003 and is present in later versions. Starting with Windows 2000, the codice_2 command has similar functionality using the codice_3 command-line

neg: Features new to Windows XP a command prompt. Windows XP includes new command-line tools and WMI-based scripts: Windows XP PKI supports cross-certification and Bridge CA scenarios. "User"-type certificates can be auto-enrolled and renewed. Certificate requests for issuing new certificates or renewing expired ones can be pending until administrator approval or until issued by the certificate authority and once approved, they install automatically. Root CA certificates now also auto-update via Microsoft Update. Windows XP also supports delta CRLs (CRLs whose status has changed since the last full base compiled CRL) and base64-encoded CRLs for revocation checking and will use them by default. Windows XP can enroll

neg: Dr. Watson (debugger) On some versions of Windows the older version (drwatson.exe) may be available by typing "drwatson.exe" into the command prompt box or in the 'Search programs and files' box in the Start menu in Windows 7. Dr. Watson (debugger) Dr. Watson is an application debugger included with the Microsoft Windows operating system. It may be named codice_1, codice_2 or codice_3, depending on the version of Windows. It is named after Doctor Watson of Sherlock Holmes fame, the idea being that it would collect error information (symptoms) following a program crash. The use of the word "Watson" has since been expanded to

neg: Indeo website for use only with Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and XP. This includes support for Indeo Video 4.5 and Indeo Audio 2.5 codecs but the version 3.2 video codec has been removed since the original release of Indeo XP for Windows. Although Indeo video is not officially supported by Windows Vista and Windows 7, simply entering the following into the command prompt might enable the playback of Indeo encoded video: codice_1 The Microsoft Windows implementation of the Indeo codec contains several security vulnerabilities and one should not play Indeo videos from untrusted sources. On fully patched systems the

neg: SUBST X: one would use codice_13 at the command line. Upon doing this, a new drive called X: would appear under the "My Computer" virtual folder in Windows Explorer. To unmap the drive, type in the following command at the command prompt: A custom label can be assigned to a drive letter created in this way by way of a registry key, which can be created by renaming (select "rename" from the drive letter context menu or press ) the SUBST drive in Windows Explorer/My Computer. codice_14 codice_15 "M" represents the drive letter to assign a custom label to. However, labels

neg: History of the graphical user interface known such graphical applications was Deluxe Paint, a popular painting software with a typical WIMP interface. The original Adobe Acrobat Reader executable file for MS-DOS was able to run on both the standard Windows 3.x GUI and the standard DOS command prompt. When it was launched from the command prompt, on a machine with a VGA graphics card, it provided its own GUI. Windows 1.0, a GUI for the MS-DOS operating system was released in 1985. The market's response was less than stellar. Windows 2.0 followed, but it wasn't until the 1990 launch of Windows 3.0, based on Common User

neg: Windows 3.0 run (each DOS session takes 1MB of memory) along with being windowed and allowing multitasking to continue. Virtual memory support allows the user to employ the hard disk as a temporary storage space if applications use more memory than exists in the system. Normally, Windows will start in the highest operating mode the computer can use, but the user may force it into lower modes by typing WIN /R or WIN /S at the DOS command prompt. If the user selects an operating mode that cannot be used due to lack of RAM or CPU support, Windows merely boots into

neg: Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows) which is defined as a combination of the single byte Code page 1114 and the double byte Code page 1385. It was superseded by code page 54936 (GB 18030), but was still prevalent in use. The Windows command prompt uses CP936 as the default code page for simplified Chinese installations, although part of the GB 18030 was made mandatory for all software products sold in China. In 2002, the IANA Internet name GBK was registered with Windows-936's mapping, making it the "de facto" GBK definition on the Internet. The concepts of "Windows-936", "GBK", "GB2312" and "EUC-CN" are sometimes confused in

neg: NTFS junction point in the current directory can be obtained from an elevated Command Prompt as Admin by executing codice_1, and a list of all the junctions present on a disk volume, by executing codice_2, where "C:" is the volume to scan. A junction point can be created in Vista or later To delete it in Vista or later, use: or A junction point can be created in XP (after installing; Server 2003 Resource Kit) with To delete it in XP, use: Neither the Windows NT startup process nor the Windows Vista startup process support Junction points, so it's impossible to redirect certain

neg: AUTOEXEC.BAT renamed codice_7 and codice_1. Backups of the Windows 9x versions are made as codice_46 files. Windows 9x also installs codice_47, a configuration file, which will not boot Windows 95/98 if parametercodice_48 is loaded, and instead a DOS prompt will appear on the screen (Windows can still be loaded by calling the codice_49 command (file WIN.COM). This file contains some switches that designate how the system will boot, one of which controls whether or not the system automatically goes into Windows. This "BootGUI" option must be set to "0" in order to boot to a DOS prompt. By doing this, the

neg: Find (Windows) a specified string and send these to the output data stream. Arguments: Flags: Note: If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command. Find (Windows) In computing, codice_1 is a command in the command line interpreters (shells) of DOS, FlexOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. It is used to search for a specific text string in a file or files. The command sends the specified lines to the standard output device. The FreeDOS version was developed by Jim Hall. The Unix command codice_1 performs an entirely different function, analogous to

neg: Windows startup process to Windows, the startup sound is played, the shell (usually codice_30) is loaded from the [boot] section of the codice_20 file, and startup items are loaded. In all versions of Windows 9x except ME, it is also possible to load Windows by booting to a DOS prompt and typing "win". There are some command line switches that can be used with the WIN command: with the codice_32 switch, Windows boots to safe mode, and with the codice_33 switch, Windows boots to safe mode with networking. The latter switch only works properly with Windows 95. In Windows 3.1, additional options are

neg: CHKDSK in the set are intact. CHKDSK can be run from DOS prompt, Windows Explorer, Windows Command Prompt, Windows PowerShell or Recovery Console. On Windows NT family, a standard CHKDSK scan consists of three phases of testing file metadata. It looks for errors but does not fix them unless it is explicitly ordered to do so. Same applies to surface scan: This test, which could be extremely time-consuming on large or low-performance disks, is not carried out unless explicitly requested. CHKDSK requires exclusive write access to the volume to perform repairs. Because of the exclusive access requirement and the time-consuming nature

neg: Pushd and popd Pushd and popd In computing, codice_1 and codice_2 are commands used to work with the command line directory stack. They are available on command line interpreters such as 4DOS, Bash, Command Prompt and PowerShell for DOS, Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, and Unix-like operating systems. The codice_1 command saves the current working directory in memory so it can be returned to at any time, optionally changing to a new directory. The codice_2 command returns to the path at the top of the directory stack. This directory stack is accessed by the command codice_5 in Unix or codice_6 in Windows PowerShell. In Windows

neg: Alias (command) Alias (command) In computing, alias is a command in various command line interpreters (shells) such as Unix shells, AmigaDOS, 4DOS/4NT, KolibriOS and Windows PowerShell, which enables a replacement of a word by another string. It is mainly used for abbreviating a system command, or for adding default arguments to a regularly used command. The command is also available in the EFI shell. Aliasing functionality in the MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows operating systems is provided by the DOSKey command-line utility. The ReactOS Command Prompt also includes the codice_1 command to set, remove and show aliases. An alias will last for the

neg: File Explorer File Explorer File Explorer, previously known as Windows Explorer, is a file manager application that is included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onwards. It provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems. It is also the component of the operating system that presents many user interface items on the monitor such as the taskbar and desktop. Controlling the computer is possible without Windows Explorer running (for example, the File | Run command in Task Manager on NT-derived versions of Windows will function without it, as will commands typed in a command prompt

neg: Windows Script Host and so on. This can be accomplished by means of the WSH, so any language can be used if there is an installed engine. In recent versions of the Take Command enhanced command prompt and tools, the "script" command typed at the shell prompt will produce a list of the currently installed engines, one to a line and therefore CR-LF delimited. The first example is very simple; it shows some VBScript which uses the root WSH COM object "WScript" to display a message with an 'OK' button. Upon launching this script the CScript or WScript engine would be called and

neg: Recovery Console Recovery Console The Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command line interface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does not boot as far as presenting its graphical user interface. The recovery console is used to provide a way to access the hard drive in an emergency through the command prompt. As such, the Recovery Console can be accessed either through the original installation media used to install

neg: Recovery Console shared folder on a remote computer as implied. Recovery Console The Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command line interface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does not boot as far as presenting its graphical user interface. The recovery console is used to provide a way to access the hard drive in an emergency through the command prompt. As such, the Recovery Console can be accessed either

neg: MediaMax CD-3 contrast to the previous XCP copy protection components used by Sony/BMG, the Windows service that MediaMax installs can be safely and easily stopped, disabled and removed. Users with administrative privileges can accomplish this via Windows' Service Controller ("sc") command line utility (using the "stop" and "delete" arguments), after which MediaMax's driver file (sbcphid.sys) can be deleted from the Windows\System32\Drivers directory and additional files can be deleted from the Program Files\Common Files\SunnComm Shared\ directory. To determine if MediaMax is installed on a Windows PC, one may launch a command prompt, from which the Service Control Manager can be queried. The command

neg: Windows 9x in DOS mode, by deleting its files, which are usually locked while infected in Windows. Similarly, corrupted registry files, system files or boot files can be restored from the command line. Windows 95 and Windows 98 can be started from DOS Mode by typing 'WIN' <enter> at the command prompt. However, the Recovery Console for Windows 2000, which as a version of Windows NT played a similar role in removing viruses. Because DOS was not designed for multitasking purposes, Windows versions such as 9x that are DOS-based lack File System security, such as file permissions. Further, if the user uses

neg: File Explorer documents, recent e-mail, recent music, recent pictures and videos, recent changed, and "Shared by Me". When sorting items, the sort order no longer remains consistently Ascending or Descending. Each property has a preferred sort direction. For example, sort by date defaults to descending order, as does size. But name and type default to ascending order. Searching for files containing a given text string became problematic with Vista unless the files have been indexed. An alternative is to use the findstr command-line function. After right-clicking on a folder one can open a command-line prompt in that folder. Windows Explorer also contains

neg: AV Security Suite from starting-up upon PC boot. A Windows 7 infected PC was completely freed/cleared of this virus by taking the following steps: 1. Force a hard shutdown of your infected PC by pressing on the power button for about 5 seconds or worst case, unplugging the power. 2. Prevent the PC from internet access by unplugging any internet cables and/or turning off wireless/WI-FI ability. 3. Start-up the PC - Windows 7 should recognize the previous hard shutdown and ask what you want to do. Select 'Start in Safe Mode with command prompt'. (Previous postings above indicate this "rarely works". That may

neg: Batch file are no more commands. In Windows, if the script is executed from an already running command prompt window, the window remains open at the prompt as in MS-DOS; otherwise, the window closes on termination. Variable expansions are substituted textually into the command, and thus variables which contain nothing simply disappear from the syntax, and variables which contain spaces turn into multiple tokens. This can lead to syntax errors or bugs. For example, if %foo% is empty, this statement: parses as the erroneous construct: Similarly, if codice_25 contains codice_26, then a different syntax error results: The usual way to prevent this

neg: System File Checker ME, as it was replaced with System File Protection (SFP). Similar to WFP, SFP offered real-time protection. The System File Checker component included with versions of Windows 2000 earlier than Service Pack 4 overrode patches distributed by Microsoft; this was rectified in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4. In Windows NT-based operating systems, System File Checker can be invoked via Windows Command Prompt (with Admin privilege), with the following command: or If it finds a problem, it will attempt to replace the problematic files from the "DLL Cache" (codice_5). If the file is not in the DLL Cache or the DLL

neg: Malware are available for free download from the Internet (usually restricted to non-commercial use). Tests found some free programs to be competitive with commercial ones. Microsoft's System File Checker can be used to check for and repair corrupted system files. Some viruses disable System Restore and other important Windows tools such as Task Manager and Command Prompt. Many such viruses can be removed by rebooting the computer, entering Windows safe mode with networking, and then using system tools or Microsoft Safety Scanner. Hardware implants can be of any type, so there can be no general way to detect them. As malware

neg: COMSPEC COMSPEC COMSPEC or ComSpec is one of the environment variables used in DOS, OS/2 and Windows, which normally points to the command line interpreter, which is by default COMMAND.COM in DOS or CMD.EXE in OS/2 and Windows NT. The variable name is written in all-uppercase under DOS and OS/2. Under Windows, which also supports lowercase environment variable names, the variable name is COMSPEC inside the DOS emulator NTVDM and for any DOS programs, and ComSpec under CMD.EXE. The variable's contents can be displayed by typing SET or ECHO %COMSPEC% at the command prompt. The environment variable by default points to

neg: MS-DOS source code and make their own modifications, and do whatever they like with it. Other versions of MS-DOS can be obtained for operation, but not modification, from abandonware sites such as WinWorldPC. All versions of Microsoft Windows have had an MS-DOS-like command-line interface (CLI) called Command Prompt. This could run many DOS and variously Win32, OS/2 1.x and POSIX command line utilities in the same command-line session, allowing piping between commands. The user interface, and the icon up to Windows 2000, followed the native MS-DOS interface. The 16-bit versions of Windows (up to 3.11) ran as a Graphical User Interface

neg: AppLocale below). AppLocale is not included in normal retail versions of Windows, but is available for free download from Microsoft's website. Running AppLocale on Windows Vista or Windows 7 is not officially supported and it fails to install on default configurations of these OS if attempted; however there is a workaround to install it (which requires starting apploc.msi file from command prompt under administrative privileges). This workaround also works for Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. However, it no longer works on Windows 10. AppLocale cannot run on Windows 2000 platforms. In September 2016, Microsoft removed all pages referring to Applocale, including

neg: Win32 console include command line interface tools; command line interpreters such as Windows Command Prompt, Windows PowerShell; file managers such as Far Manager and Midnight Commander; and editors such as the MS-DOS Editor. A Win32 console application may run in two modes. One mode places the text in a window and uses an operating system's font rendering. In this mode, an application's interaction with user is controlled by the windowing system. This is analogous to X Window System applications such as xterm. In a full screen mode Win32 console uses a hardware text mode and uploads a raster font to the video

neg: MS-DOS of Win32 console applications and internal commands with an codice_10 directive. Win32 console applications use codice_3 as their command prompt shell. This confusion does not exist under OS/2 because there are separate DOS and OS/2 prompts, and running a DOS program under OS/2 will launch a separate DOS window to run the application. All versions of Windows for Itanium (no longer sold by Microsoft) and x86-64 architectures no longer include the NTVDM and can therefore no longer natively run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows applications. There are alternatives in the form of virtual machine emulators such as Microsoft's own Virtual PC,

neg: Batch file prompt for input to output text without CR/LF trailing the text. In this example, the CR/LF does not follow Message 1, but does follow Line 2 and Line 3: This can be used to output data to a text file without CR/LF appended to the end: However, there is no way to inject this stripped CR/LF prompt output directly into an environment variable. It is not possible to have a command prompt that uses a UNC path as the current working directory; e.g. codice_35 The command prompt requires the use of drive letters to assign a working directory, which makes

neg: Management features new to Windows Vista offering access to repair functions, System Restore, a new memory diagnostic tool, access to Complete PC Backup and Restore images, and access to a command prompt. Multiple command prompts can be spawned at once, and more command-line tools are available. Command prompts can be spawned at any time during setup by pressing Shift+F10. A new diagnostic utility, dubbed Startup Repair, Later automatic repair. (formerly the System Recovery Troubleshooter Wizard), is designed to repair issues that may negatively affect the Windows startup process, such as damaged or missing boot and system files, incompatible drivers, and issues that result from damaged hardware.

neg: Microsoft Diagnostics Users generally started the program from the DOS Command Prompt using the command MSD.EXE. Starting the program under a DOS window in either Windows or OS/2 shows only the DOS details allocated for that DOS session, not for the machine in general. Aspects of the system for which MSD provided technical information: Microsoft replaced MSD with MSINFO32.EXE. This has similar features, but targets more recent machines. It first appeared in MS-Word, and later was distributed with Plus! for Windows 95 and Windows 98. MSINFO32.EXE under Windows XP stores system history from WMI in the XML files in Windows\PCHealth\HelpCtr\Datacoll. In the

neg: Escape sequence in the PROMPT command) or in command windows in 16-bit Windows. The rise of GUI applications, which directly write to display cards, has greatly reduced the usage of escape sequences on Microsoft platforms, but they can still be used to create interactive random-access character-based screen interfaces with the character-based library routines such as printf without resorting to a GUI program. The default text terminal, and text windows (such as using xterm) respond to ANSI escape sequences. When an escape character is needed within the quoted/escaped string, there are two strategies used within programming and scripting languages: An example of the

neg: Server Core called Nano Server, optimized for Windows Server Containers and Hyper-V Containers, as well as other cloud-optimized scenarios. Microsoft removed the GUI stack, WoW64 and Windows Installer. There is no local logon or Remote Desktop support. On installation, Server 2016 offers two options: Windows Server 2016 (which is Server Core) and Windows Server 2016 Desktop Experience. Switching between these versions, as is available in Server 2012, is not supported (the possibility was removed in Technical Preview 3). Subset of Control Panel regedit.exe - Registry Editor notepad.exe - Notepad cmd.exe - Command prompt msinfo32.exe - System Information msiexec.exe - Windows Installer taskmgr.exe

neg: Security-focused operating system legitimate. Starting with Windows Server 2008, Windows Server has added an installation option called "Server Core", in which the traditional graphical user interface is not installed. Administration, in Windows Server 2008, should rely on Windows Command Prompt. Roles and components are then installed individually. This option reduces the Windows Server footprint, the result of which is reduced demand on system resources and reduced number of components that could potentially be exploited via potential security vulnerabilities. Later, with Windows Server 2016, Microsoft introduced a Nano Server installation option with even more reduced footprint. It is headless and does not support a

neg: Windows Setup MS-DOS-based. Additionally, it did not need preinstalled DOS as a requirement. With the release of Windows NT 6.0 (Vista), Microsoft introduced a fully graphical setup environment after dropping MS-DOS backward compatibility from Windows. The installation of Windows 1.x, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1x requires that a compatible version of MS-DOS is installed. The user must specify any hardware such as mice or printers during installation. After the installation, Windows was to be started either manually by typing "WIN.COM" at the command prompt, or configured for automatic startup by adding WIN.COM to the end of AUTOEXEC.BAT. The installation of Windows 3.0, Windows

neg: HIMEM.SYS the DOS kernel code into the High Memory Area (HMA) to increase the amount of available conventional memory by specifying codice_4 in codice_5. In DR DOS 5.0 (1990) and 6.0 (1991), the driver was named codice_6 rather than codice_1, like the corresponding codice_8 or codice_5 directive codice_10. In FreeDOS, the matching file is named codice_11 and can be loaded from the FreeDOS configuration file named codice_12 or codice_5. In Windows 9x, there is also a command-line loadable version of HIMEM.SYS called XMSMMGR.EXE. It can load extended memory services after the system boots into the command prompt. This allows Windows Setup

neg: TIME (command) TIME (command) In computing, TIME is a command in DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows and ReactOS that is used to display and set the current system time of the operating system. It is included in command-line interpreters (shells) such as codice_1, codice_2, 4DOS, 4OS2 and 4NT. The command is also available in the DEC RT-11 operating system and in the EFI shell. In Unix, the codice_3 command displays and sets both the time and date, in a similar manner. The syntax differs depending on the specific platform and implementation: MMR Note: codice_4 means no prompt for codice_5. When this command is

neg: Windows 10 a home network sharing feature first introduced in Windows 7, is removed. It is replaced with a new feature called "Nearby Sharing." The Games Explorer, first seen in Windows Vista, has been removed. Launching the command "shell:games" will prompt to an error. Language control in the Control Panel has been removed and moved to the Settings app. The Hologram app has been replaced by the Mixed Reality Viewer. The Your Phone app has been replaced with a settings page inside the Settings app. Windows 10 is available in five main editions for personal computing devices, of which the "Home" and

neg: Uptime that is actually common when servers are maintained under an industrial context and host critical applications such as banking systems. Netcraft maintains the uptime records for many thousands of web hosting computers. A server running Novell NetWare has been reported to have been shut down after 16 years of uptime due to a failing hard disk. Users of Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista systems can type codice_1 at the Command Prompt to display all system information, including the "System Up Time". "Note: Windows Vista Business 64-bit and Windows 7 do not return a "System Up Time"

neg: F.Godmom game, players must type in "FG" on the fake MS-DOS command prompt. Invoking a fantasy-like atmosphere, players must explore the limited space around by climbing on ladders. Jumping is not permitted in the game; similar to the Nintendo Entertainment System video game "Bionic Commando". F.Godmom F.Godmom is a 1991 video game for MS-DOS compatible personal computers in addition to Windows-compatible computers. Players control a fairy godmother as she rescues all of her friends from evil crab-like monsters. Collecting all the tokens and finding the key will result in the level's exit being revealed. Players use a magic wand to transform

neg: IExpress compressed using the MakeCab (codice_2) tool, and are extracted using the WExtract (codice_3) tool. codice_1 is located in the codice_5 folder of both Windows 32 and 64-bit installations. The front end interface (IExpress Wizard) can be started by manually navigating to the respective directory and opening the executable (IExpress.exe), or by typing IExpress into the Run window of the Start Menu. It can also be used from the command line (Windows Command Prompt or batch file) to create custom installation packages, eventually unattended (automated operation): codice_6 IExpress Wizard interface guides the user through the process of creating a self-extracting package.

neg: MS-DOS retained the ability to make a DOS boot floppy disk (called an "Emergency Boot Disk") and can be hacked to restore full access to the underlying DOS. In contrast to the Windows 9x series, the Windows NT-derived 32-bit operating systems developed alongside the 9x series (Windows NT, 2000, XP and newer) do not contain MS-DOS as part of the operating system, as NT is not built as a subsystem running on DOS but an entirely different independent operating system, but provide a subset of DOS emulation to run DOS applications and provide DOS-like command prompt windows. 64-bit versions of Windows

neg: Filter (software) the filters in Unix. Some filtering programs have a graphical user interface (GUI) to enable users to design a customized filter to suit their special data processing and/or data mining requirements. Windows Command Prompt inherited MS-DOS commands, improved some and added a few. For example, Windows Server 2003 features six command-line filters for modifying Active Directory that can be chained by piping: DSAdd, DSGet, DSMod, DSMove, DSRm and DSQuery. Windows PowerShell adds an entire host of filters known as "cmdlets" which can be chained together with a pipe, except a few simple ones, e.g. codice_5. The following example gets a

neg: Trusted path popular techniques for password stealing in Microsoft Windows was login spoofing, which was based on programs that simulated operating system's login prompt. When users try to log in, the fake login program can then capture user passwords for later use. As a safeguard Windows NT introduced Ctrl-Alt-Del sequence as secure attention key to escape any third party programs and invoke system login prompt. Similar problem arises in case of websites requiring authentication, where the user is expected to enter his or her credentials without actually knowing if the website is not spoofed. HTTPS mitigates this attack by first authenticating the

neg: DOS can be used to run DOS programs on those machines. DOS systems utilize a command line interface. Programs are started by entering their filename at the command prompt. DOS systems include several programs as system utilities, and provides additional commands that don't correspond to programs ("internal commands"). In an attempt to provide a more user-friendly environment, numerous software manufacturers wrote file management programs that provided users with menu- and/or icon-based interfaces. Microsoft Windows is a notable example, eventually resulting in Microsoft Windows 9x becoming a self-contained program loader, and replacing DOS as the most-used PC-compatible program loader. Text user interface

neg: Windows Metafile vulnerability reboot, which can cause loss of data if the user has a program open with unsaved changes. These measures are of historical interest only on systems updated on or after 5 January 2006. As a workaround before a patch was available, on 28 December 2005 Microsoft advised Windows users to unregister the dynamic-link library file shimgvw.dll (which can be done by executing the command codice_3 from the Run menu or the command prompt) which invokes previewing of image files and is exploited by most of these attacks. The DLL can be re-registered after patching by running codice_4. This workaround blocks

neg: User Account Control as administrator", except MSI or MSU packages as, due to their nature, if administrator rights will be required a prompt will usually be shown. Should this fail, the only workaround is to run a Command Prompt as an administrator and launch the MSI or MSP package from there. User Account Control asks for credentials in a "Secure Desktop" mode, where the entire screen is temporarily dimmed, Windows Aero disabled, and only the authorization window at full brightness, to present only the elevation user interface (UI). Normal applications cannot interact with the Secure Desktop. This helps prevent spoofing, such as overlaying

neg: Control Panel (Windows) and Windows 7, additional layers of navigation were introduced, and the Control Panel window itself became the main interface for editing settings, as opposed to launching separate dialogs. Many of the individual Control Panel applets can be accessed in other ways. For instance, "Display Properties" can be accessed by right-clicking on an empty area of the desktop and choosing "Properties". The Control Panel can be accessed from a command prompt by typing "control"; optional parameters are available to open specific control panels. On Windows 10, Control Panel is deprecated in favor of Settings app, which was originally introduced on Windows

neg: Windows NT startup process The installer can also be run from a MS-DOS command prompt so previous versions of Microsoft Windows that are already installed can be upgraded. To run the installer from a MS-DOS based operating system such as Windows 98 or Windows ME, the user must start the system "in DOS mode" and then execute I386/WINNT.EXE on the CD-ROM. A floppy disk containing MS-DOS can be used to start the installer. Versions of the installer in floppies were also available for sale. From Windows Vista onwards, the installer runs from BOOT.WIM which contains a bootable version of Windows PE. Windows PE 2.0

neg: Terminal (typeface) Terminal (typeface) Terminal is a family of monospaced raster typefaces. It is relatively small compared to Courier. It uses crossed zeros, and is designed to approximate the font normally used in MS-DOS or other text-based consoles such as on Linux. In Microsoft Windows, it is used as the default font in the Command Prompt in Windows 7 and earlier. Terminal font family contains fonts encoded in various DOS code pages, with multiple resolutions of the font for each code page. Fixedsys fonts of different code pages have different point sizes. Under DBCS Windows environment, specifying Terminal font may also cause

neg: Windows SteadyState than 80 restrictions covering both individual users as well as the system as a whole. Many of these settings are based on Windows Group Policies, while others are implemented by SteadyState itself. Using SteadyState, an administrator can forbid a user from performing actions that may be undesirable for that environment. Some settings include the ability to turn off the control panel, disable Windows Registry editing tools that come with Windows, disable Windows Command Prompt and stop the users from executing batch files or programs outside pre-approved folders. Computer settings can also be applied. Since SteadyState would normally remove any Windows

neg: Brontok concealed, are not easily accessible to the user. It also turns off Windows firewall. In some variants, when a window is found containing certain strings (such as "application data") in the window title, the computer reboots. User frustration also occurs when an address typed into Windows Explorer is blanked out before completion. Using its own mailing engine, it sends itself to email addresses it finds on the computer, even faking the own user's email address as the sender. The computer also restarts when trying to open the Windows Command Prompt and prevents the user from downloading files. It also pop

neg: Command-line interface older style. Many Unix systems feature the codice_20 variable (Prompt String 1), although other variables also may affect the prompt (depending on the shell used). In the bash shell, a prompt of the form: could be set by issuing the command In zsh the codice_21 variable controls an optional "prompt" on the right-hand side of the display. It is not a real prompt in that the location of text entry does not change. It is used to display information on the same line as the prompt, but right-justified. In RISC OS the command prompt is a codice_22 symbol, and thus

neg: Common menus in Microsoft Windows option in the system menu the user gets a different cursor and procedure to move the window with. Some applications customize the system menu, typically through the GetSystemMenu WinAPI function. The Win32 console, used e.g. by the Command Prompt (cmd.exe), is an example of this and offers the user an ability to change its preferences through its system menu (other applications typically offer the user to change their preferences through the normal menu below their window's title bar). Common menus in Microsoft Windows This is a list of commonly used Microsoft Windows menus. Most Recently Used (MRU) is a term

neg: Silicon Dreams destroying the craft. In "The Worm in Paradise", the player, with the role of an unnamed citizen of Eden, must travel around the city of Enoch, learn its secrets, earn money and save the planet. The games use a text parser for entering commands at the "What now?" prompt. The parser can interpret more than a thousand words to control movement or actions. It looks at the command, picking out two or three words it knows, ignoring the order, and tries to guess what is meant. For movement, the usual commands for moving 'NORTH', 'SOUTH', 'EAST' and 'WEST' are available

neg: Sleep (command) used in batch files or the command prompt to pause the execution and wait for some time. Another native version is the codice_4 command which is part of current versions of Windows. Where number is an integer number to indicate the time period in seconds. Some implementations support floating point numbers. None. Causes the current terminal session to wait 30 seconds. Causes the current terminal session to wait 5 hours Wait 3 hours then play foo.mp3 Note that sleep 5h30m and sleep 5h 30m are illegal since sleep takes only one value and unit as argument. However, sleep 5.5h (a

neg: Title (command) can be used in combination with special escape sequences. Within the GNU GRUB command processor codice_1 is one of several menu-specific commands. It is used to start a new boot entry. title [<String>] Arguments: The following batch file changes the title of the Command Prompt window to "Updating files" while the codice_10 command is being executed. After the command is executed, the text "Files updated" is displayed using the codice_7 command, and the title of the Command Prompt window is changed back to "Command Prompt". Title (command) In computing, codice_1 is a command in various command line interpreters (shells) such

neg: Command-line interface allows the setting to be changed via codice_43. Under DR-DOS, if the setting has been changed from codice_31, the first directory separator codice_45 in the display of the PROMPT parameter codice_46 will change to a forward slash codice_31 (which is also a valid directory separator in DOS, FlexOS, 4680 OS, 4690 OS, OS/2 and Windows) thereby serving as a visual clue to indicate the change. Some versions of DR-DOS COMMAND.COM also support a PROMPT token codice_48 to display the current setting. COMMAND.COM since DR-DOS 7.02 also provides a pseudo-environment variable named codice_49 to allow portable batchjobs to be written. Several

neg: Windows ME panel was also updated from Windows 98 SE. "Taskbar and Start Menu" options allowed disabling of the drag and drop feature and could prevent moving or resizing the taskbar, which was easier for new users. Windows ME restricted support for real mode MS-DOS. As a result, codice_5 in Windows ME disregards codice_1, codice_21 and codice_22 and directly executes codice_23. In its default configuration the system would neither boot into an MS-DOS command prompt nor exit to DOS from Windows; real mode drivers such as codice_24 could not be loaded and older applications that require real mode could not be run.

neg: Printer driver that these are also compatible with Windows 3.x. On Microsoft Windows systems, printer drivers make use of GDI (Unidrv or PScript-based) or XPS (XPSDrv). Programs then use the same standard APIs to draw text and pictures both on screen and on paper. Printers which use GDI natively are commonly referred to as Winprinters and are considered incompatible with other operating systems, although there is software (such as PrintFil) which will make these printers work in a DOS prompt within Windows. Win32 APIs also allow applications to send data directly to the spooler, bypassing the printer driver; however, few applications actually

neg: GRASS (programming language) of this feature, potentially confusing new programmers who might not be aware the feature exists. SINCURVE=[PROMPT "WHAT IS THE OFFSET?" This text creates a new macro called codice_16 that can be called simply by typing codice_16 into the command prompt, or from other macros or programs. SINCURVE uses two local variables, x and angle, as well as a global variable, OFFSET. The codice_18/codice_19 is a modification of the original BASIC codice_19 which will not ask for the input if the user types it into the command line when calling the macro. In this case, typing codice_16 will result in the

neg: Genera (operating system) use of mouse chording), keystrokes, and with a command line interface. All applications share one command line interpreter implementation, which adapts to various types of usage. The graphical abilities of the window system are based on the PostScript graphics model. The user interface is mostly in black-and-white (since that was what the hardware console typically provided). But there was also extensive support for color (using color frame buffers or X11 servers with color support). The "activities" (applications) use the whole screen with several panes (though windows can also be smaller). The layout of these activity windows adapts to different screen

neg: Otter (software) designed with "first-class" Windows support, this feature allows users to leverage their existing scripts and scripts built by the Windows PowerShell community. Otter (software) Otter is an infrastructure automation tool, designed by the software company Inedo. Built specifically to support Windows, Otter utilizes Infrastructure as Code to model infrastructure and configuration. Otter provisions and configure servers automatically, without logging in to a command prompt. Otter focuses on two key areas: Otter also has drift monitoring capabilities. It can continuously monitor for server configuration drift, can automatically remediate drift, and can send notification when drift occurs. Otter has a visual, web-based

neg: Recovery disc Toshiba and Dell licensed Norton Ghost technology for their recovery systems at one point. As of Windows Vista, Dell uses a Windows Imaging Format based image on a partition along with a tool launched from the Windows Recovery Environment's command prompt. Alternatively, some OEMs instead distribute a standard Windows installation disc, sometimes accompanied by a driver disc that contains the installation programs for the computer's device drivers. Some OEMs may slipstream their drivers into the disc instead. Most modern PCs store their recovery data on a hard drive partition rather than on bundled CD-ROMs or DVDs. Recovery partitions are typically

neg: SUBST SUBST was added with the release of MS-DOS 3.1. The codice_5 command is the "opposite" of codice_1, because codice_5 will take a drive letter and make it appear as a directory. Some versions of MS-DOS codice_8 support the undocumented internal codice_9 command which can display the "true name" of a file, i.e. the fully qualified name with drive, path, and extension, which is found possibly by name only via the PATH environment variable, or through codice_1, codice_5 and codice_12 filesystem mappings. This is the Command Prompt output under Windows XP: This means that, for example, to map C:'s root to

neg: Doctest Doctest doctest is a module included in the Python programming language's standard library that allows the easy generation of tests based on output from the standard Python interpreter shell, cut and pasted into docstrings. Doctest makes innovative use of the following Python capabilities: When using the Python shell, the primary prompt: »> , is followed by new commands. The secondary prompt: ... , is used when continuing commands on multiple lines; and the result of executing the command is expected on following lines. A blank line, or another line starting with the primary prompt is seen as the end of

neg: Superuser the process to "run as administrator" or using the "runas" command and authenticating the prompt with credentials (username and password) of an administrator account. Much of the benefit of authenticating from a standard account is negated if the administrator account's credentials being used has a blank password (as in the built-in administrator account in Windows XP and earlier systems). In Windows NT, 2000 and higher, the root user is the Administrator account. In Novell NetWare, the superuser was called "supervisor", later "admin". In OpenVMS, "SYSTEM" is the superuser account for the OS. On many older OSes on computers intended for

neg: Batch file the codice_5 command was used, which could be added to the end of the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to allow automatic loading of Windows. In the earlier versions, one could run a .bat type file from Windows in the MS-DOS Prompt. Windows 3.1x and earlier, as well as Windows 9x invoked COMMAND.COM to run batch files. The IBM OS/2 operating system supported DOS-style batch files. It also included a version of REXX, a more advanced batch-file scripting language. IBM and Microsoft started developing this system, but during the construction of it broke up after a dispute; as a result of this, IBM

neg: Trash (computing) a file is deleted in Finder, it is moved to a .Trashes folder, and when viewing the device's available space the space occupied by the deleted files is shown as occupied. In macOS Sierra, the user can turn on an option to have the Trash delete after 30 days. Microsoft's "Recycle Bin" is implemented as a special folder with columns like "Date deleted" and "Original location". Typically only files deleted via Windows Explorer (but not necessarily other Windows graphical interfaces such as file selection dialogs) will be put into the Recycle Bin; files deleted via the Command Prompt are permanently

neg: OpenCandy need to be done to find and delete them. There is a workaround to bypass double candy by running the installer with a parameter \/ on the command prompt /NOCANDY OpenCandy OpenCandy is an adware module classified as malware by many anti-virus vendors. They flag OpenCandy due to its undesirable side-effects. It is designed to run during installation of other desired software. Produced by SweetLabs, it consists of a Microsoft Windows library incorporated in a Windows Installer. When a user installs an application that has bundled the OpenCandy library, an option appears to install software it recommends based on a

neg: ATATool ATATool ATATool is freeware software that is used to display and modify ATA disk information from a Microsoft Windows environment. The software is typically used to manage host protected area (HPA) and device configuration overlay (DCO) features and is broadly similar to the hdparm for Linux. Recent versions include support for DCO restore and freeze operations, HPA security (password) operations and simulated bad sectors. ATATool must be run with administrator privileges. On Windows Vista and later it requires an elevated-privileges command prompt (see User Account Control). Display detected hard disks: Display information on hard disk 1: Set HPA to 10GB

neg: IBM PCPG IBM PCPG IBM Personal Computer Picture Graphics (PCPG) is a software developed in BASIC by Eugene Ying in the 1980s, for the IBM PC operating system. This software is used to draw figures, add images from several libraries and include text. It has functions to digitize and print pictures. PCPG is designed to work on IBM PCs and compatible, running MS-DOS (and MS Windows). It actually runs in a NTVDM upon all versions of Windows. It can be stored and loaded from a 360K 5"1/4 floppy disk. Operates with keyboard. No mouse driver is required. Type "PCPG" in Command Prompt

neg: QEMM increases the available free conventional RAM for MS-DOS 7.10 and also for DOS Prompt under Windows 95 OSR2/Windows 98 SE. However, QEMM maximum RAM is a shared 256MB XMS/256MB EMS, which is less than what DOS 7.10 and Windows 95/98 support without QEMM. MS-DOS 7.10 provides 624K free conventional memory and up to 1GB XMS/32MB EMS; assuming unaltered MS-DOS, using HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE without any 3rd party utilities. Thus, QEMM is compatible with MS-DOS 7.10 and Windows 9x and provides slightly more free conventional RAM but it does lower the maximum RAM to 256MB XMS/256MB EMS. EMS memory normally uses

neg: User Account Control UAC settings. It is possible to: Command Prompt windows that are running elevated will prefix the title of the window with the word "Administrator", so that a user can discern which instances are running with elevated privileges. A distinction is made between elevation requests from a signed executable and an unsigned executable; and if the former, whether the publisher is 'Windows Vista'. The color, icon, and wording of the prompts are different in each case; for example, attempting to convey a greater sense of warning if the executable is unsigned than if not. Internet Explorer 7's "Protected Mode" feature uses

neg: AUTOEXEC.BAT system's operation essentially becomes that of a DOS/Windows pairing like with earlier Windows versions. Windows can be started as desired by typing codice_49 at the DOS prompt. When installing Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 and higher, the Windows version retains the name codice_1, while the file used by the DR-DOS codice_5 is named codice_53, referred to by the startup parameter codice_54 in the SHELL directive. It also differentiates the codice_7 file by using the name codice_56. The equivalent to codice_1 under OS/2 is the OS/2 codice_58 file, however, genuine DOS sessions booted under OS/2 continue to use codice_1. On Windows NT and

neg: ReactOS of Aachen. The Hackfest was declared a success, as it added many features to ReactOS. The following list of commands are supported by the ReactOS Command Prompt. ReactOS is primarily written in C, with some elements, such as ReactOS Explorer and the sound stack, written in C++. The project compiles using both MinGW and Microsoft Visual Studio, and contributes to the development of the build systems used through the submission of patches to its components. The developers aim to make the kernel and usermode APIs more compatible with Windows NT version 5.2 (Windows Server 2003) and to add support for

neg: HRESULT tool called ERR.EXE to take the value and translate it to the corresponding error string. Another tool called ERRLOOK.EXE can also be used to display error strings associated with a given HRESULT value. ERRLOOK.EXE can be run from within a Visual Studio command prompt. The Windows native codice_8 and codice_9 APIs are used to associate HRESULT return codes with a corresponding codice_4 object. The FormatMessage API function can be used to convert some non-IErrorInfo HRESULTs into a user-readable string. HRESULT In the field of computer programming, the HRESULT is a data type used in Windows operating systems, and the earlier

neg: NTFS junction point NTFS junction point An NTFS junction point is a symbolic link to a directory that acts as an alias of that directory. This feature of the NTFS file system offers benefits over a Windows shell shortcut (.lnk) file, such as allowing access to files within the directory via Windows Explorer, the Command Prompt, etc. Unlike NTFS symbolic links, junction points can only link to an absolute path and only to a local volume; junction points from a local volume to a remote share are unsupported. Junction points are a type of NTFS reparse point, internally represented as a mount point.