query: where did the christian fish symbol come from

pos: Ichthys late 2nd century, and its use spread widely in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The symbolism of the fish itself may have its origins in pre-Christian religious imagery. For example, Orpheus was described as a "fisher of men" as early as the 3rd or fourth century BC. The fish was used as a symbol in a number of other near-eastern religions as well, often as a sacred (or taboo) food. The fish was sacred to the goddess Atargatis, for example, who was said to cause tumors in those who ate them. Fish were only allowed to be eaten by priests

pos: Ichthys late 2nd century, and its use spread widely in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The symbolism of the fish itself may have its origins in pre-Christian religious imagery. For example, Orpheus was described as a "fisher of men" as early as the 3rd or fourth century BC. The fish was used as a symbol in a number of other near-eastern religions as well, often as a sacred (or taboo) food. The fish was sacred to the goddess Atargatis, for example, who was said to cause tumors in those who ate them. Fish were only allowed to be eaten by priests

neg: Ichthys Festival is the oldest Christian music festival in the United States starting in 1970. Ichthys The ichthys or ichthus (), from the Greek "ikhthýs" ( 1st cent. AD Koine Greek , "fish") is a symbol consisting of two intersecting arcs, the ends of the right side extending beyond the meeting point so as to resemble the profile of a fish. The symbol was adopted by early Christians as a secret symbol. It is now known colloquially as the "sign of the fish" or the "Jesus fish". The first appearances of the ichthys symbol in Christian art and literature date to

neg: Haitian Vodou art image of a mermaid is used on flags for the water spirit LaSiren. This does not derive from "veve" or Catholic origins, but seems to have come from European nautical sources. The image of a fish is important in Vodou as in Christian art, but the Vodou symbol comes from Fon mythology rather than Christianity. It represents Agwé, who corresponds to the Fon sea deity Agbê. Agbê took the shape of a fish when he was given responsibility for the sea. Art flags show much wider variation in size and theme than "drapo servis", and rarely have a fringe. Some

neg: Ichthys Ichthys The ichthys or ichthus (), from the Greek "ikhthýs" ( 1st cent. AD Koine Greek , "fish") is a symbol consisting of two intersecting arcs, the ends of the right side extending beyond the meeting point so as to resemble the profile of a fish. The symbol was adopted by early Christians as a secret symbol. It is now known colloquially as the "sign of the fish" or the "Jesus fish". The first appearances of the ichthys symbol in Christian art and literature date to the 2nd century AD. The symbol's use among Christians had become popular by the

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol imagery, the many variations known today first appeared in the 1980s. An ancient Hellenistic Christian slogan espoused the Greek acronym/acrostic () for "" (""), which translates into English as 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour'; the Greek word translating to 'fish' in English. The first appearances of fish symbols as adopted in Christian art and literature date to the 2nd century CE. Some modern fish symbol variations, called the "Jesus fish", contain the English word "Jesus" in the center, or are empty entirely. Jeroen Temperman states that there are "variations on this Ichthys symbol. Some variations add feet to the

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol some Christian versions). It symbolizes the scientific theories of evolution, for which Charles Darwin laid a foundation, in contrast with creationism, which is a hallmark of American Christianity. The Darwin fish bears a stylized resemblance to Tiktaalik or Ichthyostega, which are major examples of a transitional fossil of the first tetrapod that moved from sea to dry land during the Late Devonian period. Closely related to the original Darwin fish symbol is a fish with legs, the word "evolve", and a hand that is holding a wrench. Another variant, the Darwin Awards fish, is a "dead fish" floating belly-up with

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol Variations of the ichthys symbol The ichthys symbol, or "Jesus fish", typically used to proclaim an affiliation with or affinity for Christianity, has many variations. Some of these are made by Christians in order to promote a specific doctrine or theological perspective, such as evolutionary creation. Other variations are sometimes intended for the purpose of satire. Both the traditional ichthys fish as well as its variations, are often seen adorning the bumpers or trunks of automobiles, often in the form of adhesive badges made of chrome-colored plastic. While the fish symbol dates back millennia, having its origins in pre-Christian religious

neg: Arrow Cross Arrow Cross A cross whose arms end in arrowheads is called a "cross barby" or "cross barbée" in the traditional terminology of heraldry. In Christian use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears. This alludes to the Ichthys symbol of Christ, and is suggestive of the theme in the Gospel. In modern use, the symbol has become associated with extremist organisations after the Arrow Cross ("Nyilaskereszt") symbol was used in Hungary in the 1930s and 1940s as the symbol of a Hungarian National Socialist political party, the Arrow Cross Party. The symbol consists

neg: Christianization the Greek alphabet. Constantine I is widely considered to have introduced the symbol into Christianity, but the symbol itself predates this. Although Christian tradition argues that Constantine chose the "labarum" because he had a vision that led him to convert to Christianity, Constantine's conversion is disputed by some historians, who see Constantine's motive for choosing the "labarum" as political, with him deliberately making his banner one which could be interpreted as supporting either of the two major religions of the Roman Empire at the time. Prior to the "labarum", the main Christian symbol, and the earliest, was a fish-like symbol

neg: Ichthys during rituals devoted to Atargatis, in the belief that they represented her body. Despite the thematic similarities of these various sacred fish, some scholars have argued that there is no direct link between them and the Christian symbol or practice of the Eucharist; instead, the Christian usage was probably simply part of a larger, popular religious motif of the time. In the early Church, the Ichthys symbol held "the most sacred significance", and Christians used it to recognize churches and other believers through this symbol because they were persecuted by the Roman Empire. The Ichthys symbol is also a reference

neg: I Am Alpha and Omega I Am Alpha and Omega I Am Alpha and Omega is an American Christian hardcore punk band from Flemington, New Jersey. The band started making music in 2007. Their membership is Donny Hardy, Peach Hardy, Ilya Fish, Scott Soffer, and Dillon Thornberry. The band released an independently made extended play, "Georgia May", in 2008. They signed to Come&Live! Records, where they released, "The War I Wage", an extended play, in 2009. Their first studio album, "The Roar and the Whisper", was released by Come&Live! Records, in 2010. I Am Alpha and Omega is a Christian hardcore band from Flemington, New

neg: Arrow Cross of two green double-ended arrows in a cross configuration on a white circular background. The arrow cross symbol remains outlawed in Hungary. A similar symbol, the Crosstar, is used by the Nationalist Movement, a white supremacist group based in the United States. Arrow Cross A cross whose arms end in arrowheads is called a "cross barby" or "cross barbée" in the traditional terminology of heraldry. In Christian use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears. This alludes to the Ichthys symbol of Christ, and is suggestive of the theme in the Gospel. In

neg: Philip K. Dick of an impacted wisdom tooth, Dick received a home delivery of Darvon from a young woman. When he opened the door, he was struck by the beauty of the dark-haired girl and was especially drawn to her golden necklace. He asked her about its curious fish-shaped design. "This is a sign used by the early Christians," she said, and then left. Dick called the symbol the "vesicle pisces". This name seems to have been based on his conflation of two related symbols, the Christian ichthys symbol (two intersecting arcs delineating a fish in profile) which the woman was wearing, and

neg: Duino Elegies symbol of angels. However, he did not use the traditional Christian interpretation of angels. He sought to utilize a symbol of the angel that was secular, divorced from religious doctrine and embodied a tremendous transcendental beauty. In this, however, Rilke commented that he was greatly influenced by the depiction of angels found in Islam. For Rilke, the symbol of the angel represents a perfection that is "beyond human contradictions and limitations" in a "higher level of reality in the invisible." Where there is incongruity that adds to mankind's despair and anxiety is due to human nature keeping us clinging to

neg: WFFH WFFH WFFH (94.1 FM), WBOZ (104.9 FM), and WFFI (93.7 FM) are radio stations simulcasting a Contemporary Christian format as "FM 94 The Fish", the "fish" referring to the traditional Christian symbol. Licensed to Smyrna, Tennessee, Woodbury, Tennessee, and Kingston Springs, Tennessee respectively, the stations serve the Nashville area. The stations air the same programming to provide maximum coverage of the Middle Tennessee area. The stations are currently owned by the Salem Media Group. WFFH was previously WRLG & was then a sister station to WRLT owned by Tuned In Broadcasting. In early 1995 the station's format changed from "The

neg: Animals in Christian art the symbol of apotheosis. The symbol of perhaps the widest distribution is the "Ichthys" (Greek: ΙΧΘΥΣ, fish), used since the second century as an acronym for "Ίησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Iesous Christos, Theou Huios, Soter), meaning "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour". Artistically, these various representations are somewhat crude, and show the decadence of the pagan art of the time. After the recognition of the Church by Constantine I in 313, the Book of Revelation is the source from which are derived most of the decorative themes of Christian Art. The lamb is now the most important of these,

neg: Saint John the Baptist Church, Penistone older Christian involvement in the area. A further cross base and stump lie in the churchyard. The tower is around 500 years old, having been erected around 1500. The lychgate entrance to the church yard was constructed in 1959 as a memorial to Rev. Canon William Turnbull, who was vicar at the church 1855-1915, while the stainless steel weathervane on top of the tower, in the shape of a fish, was a handmade gift from a local resident in 1975. The fish is an early Christian symbol and its stainless steel represents local industry. The church windows contain a large

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol an "Evolution" or "Darwin" fish swallowing an "ΙΧΘΥΣ", "Jesus" or "Truth" fish; another version has a "Science" fish swallowing a "Myth" fish. Supporters of the theological concept of evolutionary creationism, also known as theistic evolution, have responded with a hybrid variant of the Jesus fish in which the word "Jesus" is written inside an ichthus fish with stylized feet. Still another variation has been offered by people who see no conflict between Christian belief and the evidence of science regarding evolution: a depiction of the Jesus fish and the Darwin fish kissing. Such images have been sold as bumper stickers

neg: Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self Christian fish symbol, and of Gnostic and alchemical symbolism. He regards these as phenomena of cultural assimilation. Chapters on the ego, the shadow, and the anima and animus, provide a valuable summary of these elementary concepts in Jungian psychology. Much in this volume is concerned with the rise of Christianity and with the figure of Christ. Jung explores how Christianity came into being when it did, the importance of the figure of Christ and the identification of that figure with the archetype of the Self. The book discusses the problem of opposites, particularly good and evil. Extensive detailed abstracts of

neg: Fractio Panis The association of this miracle with the Eucharist is familiar, not only in other archaeological monuments, but also in early Christian literature. Regarding the symbolic significance of the fish and the anagram ichthys, both the Inscription of Abercius of the close of the 2nd century and that of Autun a little later, as well as the large number of allusions in early Christian literature, make it clear that Christ was indicated by this symbol. Moreover, the Abercius inscription clearly conveys that this "great fish" was to be the permanent food of the soul. We may also note that the one

neg: Krk Cathedral Out of the two present-day rows of columns, the seven columns closer to the altar were originally within the old basilica. These columns were built out of stone and are not connected to capitels. Out of the total 14 columns, 12 of them feature Corinthian capitels, one is Classical and the one in the northern row closest to the altar features relief depictions of early Christian eucharist symbols, showing a fish being eaten by two birds (the fish is an early Christian symbol for Christ while the birds represent Christians; therefore the image represent eucharist in which believers "feed" on

neg: WFFH music format and began simulcasting sister station WFFH. WFFH WFFH (94.1 FM), WBOZ (104.9 FM), and WFFI (93.7 FM) are radio stations simulcasting a Contemporary Christian format as "FM 94 The Fish", the "fish" referring to the traditional Christian symbol. Licensed to Smyrna, Tennessee, Woodbury, Tennessee, and Kingston Springs, Tennessee respectively, the stations serve the Nashville area. The stations air the same programming to provide maximum coverage of the Middle Tennessee area. The stations are currently owned by the Salem Media Group. WFFH was previously WRLG & was then a sister station to WRLT owned by Tuned In Broadcasting. In

neg: Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) Christian unity in 1880. The Evening Light ministry became known as "come outers" because they traveled from town to town preaching that all of the saved needed to "come out of Babylon" and worship together in one place rather than being separated by creeds, dogmas and doctrines of men. The Reformation Ministry (another name for their ministry) believed that false Christianity was the harlot woman in the book of Revelation. The ministry further believed that the harlot woman was a symbol of Roman Catholicism and that her daughters were a symbol of Protestantism. As an example of their emphasis on

neg: Fish was later included as part of the Hebrew Bible, or Christian Old Testament, and a version of the story it contains is summarized in Surah 37:139-148 of the Quran. Early Christians used the "ichthys", a symbol of a fish, to represent Jesus, because the Greek word for fish, ΙΧΘΥΣ Ichthys, could be used as an acronym for "Ίησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Iesous Christos, Theou Huios, Soter), meaning "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour". The gospels also refer to "fishers of men" and feeding the multitude. In the dhamma of Buddhism, the fish symbolize happiness as they have complete freedom

neg: Church Fathers classical Roman Empire religion and other accepted cults to the position of mere "superstitions". Later in life, Tertullian joined the Montanists, a heretical sect that appealed to his rigorism. He used the early church's symbol for fish—the Greek word for "fish" being ΙΧΘΥΣ which is an acronym for Ιησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ (Jesus Christ, God's Son, Saviour)—to explain the meaning of baptism since fish are born in water. He wrote that human beings are like little fish. Cyprian ( – 258) was bishop of Carthage and an important early Christian writer. He was born in North Africa, probably at

neg: Religious images in Christian theology Religious images in Christian theology Religious images in Christian theology have a role within the liturgical and devotional life of adherents of certain Christian denominations. The use of religious images has often been a contentious issue in Christian history. Concern over idolatry is the driving force behind the various traditions of aniconism in Christianity. In the early Church, Christians used the Ichthys (fish) symbol to identify Christian places of worship and Christian homes. The Synod of Elvira (306 AD - 312 AD) "prohibited the exhibition of images in churches". However, since the 3rd century AD, images have been used within

neg: Pysanka Christians. The fish represents abundance, as well as Christian interpretations of baptism, sacrifice, the powers of regeneration, and Christ himself. Another ancient symbol is that of the змія or serpent, the ancient god of water and earth. The serpent could be depicted in several ways: as an "S" or sigma, as a curl or spiral, or as a wave. When depicted as a sigma, the zmiya often wears a crown. Depictions of the serpent can be found on Neolithic Trypillian pottery. The serpent symbol on a "pysanka" is said to bring protection from catastrophe. Spirals were particularly strong talismans, as

neg: Criticism of The Da Vinci Code Brown echoes scholars such as Joseph Campbell in saying this image of Mary derives from Isis and her child Horus. Meisel and Olson counters that the "Mother and child" symbol, as a universal part of the general human experience, can be found in other faiths; so Christianity did not copy this element from Egyptian mythology. Christian documents and traditions tend to stress the virtues of chaste womanhood in keeping with general Christian encouragement of chastity for both genders. The Gnostics expressed anti-female views, for example, in the Gospel of Thomas's famous ending verse where Jesus says he will make Mary

neg: Fish in culture fish symbolize happiness as they have complete freedom of movement in the water. Often drawn in the form of carp which are regarded in the Orient as sacred on account of their elegant beauty, size and life-span. Among the deities said to take the form of a fish are Ika-Roa of the Polynesians, Dagon of various ancient Semitic peoples, the shark-gods of Hawaii and Matsya of the Hindus. Legends of half-human, half-fish mermaids are common in folklore, retold in the stories of Hans Christian Andersen. In British folk tales, mermaids both predict and bring ill fortune. The astrological symbol Pisces

neg: Fish in culture of the ship he is travelling on. The fish later vomits Jonah out on shore after three days. This book was later included as part of the Hebrew Bible, or Christian Old Testament, and a version of the story it contains is summarized in Surah 37:139-148 of the Quran. Early Christians used the "ichthys", a symbol of a fish, to represent Jesus, because the Greek word for fish, ΙΧΘΥΣ ("ichthys"), could be used as an acronym for "Ίησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ" (Iesous Christos, Theou Huios, Soter), meaning "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour". In the dhamma of Buddhism the

neg: Heringen of the vote. The town’s arms might be described thus: Azure a bend wavy sinister argent between a sledgehammer and a cross-peen hammer per saltire, and three fish of the last. The bend wavy sinister, that is, slanted wavy stripe beginning on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side and stretching down across the escutcheon, stands for the river Werra. The three fish come from the arms formerly borne by the Lords of Heringen ("Hering" is German for “herring”). The mining tools are, of course, a traditional miner’s symbol. This charge was added to the coat of arms in 2003,

neg: Christianization now known as "Ichthys" (the Greek word for "fish"); the Greek word ιχθυς is an acronym for the phrase transliterated as "Iesou Christos Theou Yios Sotiras", that is, "Jesus Christ, God's Son, the Savior". There are several other connections with Christian tradition relating to this choice of symbol: that it was a reference to the feeding of the multitude; that it referred to some of the apostles having previously been fishermen; or that the word "Christ" was pronounced by Jews in a similar way to the Hebrew word for "fish" (though "Nuna" is the normal Aramaic word for fish, making

neg: Nes Ammim different nations saw it as their calling to show their friendship and solidarity in the Land of Israel. The Nes Ammim logo consisted of a fish outline crossing a blade of wheat. The fish is a symbol of the early Christian church that refers to Jesus. The fish is meshed with the wheat, to represent a community growing in the country. As for every other village in Israel, the early years were characterised by hard work on the land. Simple accommodation was built, and a communal dining hall and other facilities. It was similar to a kibbutz or more exactly

neg: Development of Fez in-game map "probably one of the weakest aspects of the game". Fish also fought against including the navigational assistant, Dot, but later felt that the addition was successful and a positive contribution to the game's mythology. The fez itself, Fish described as an "ancient symbol of understanding the third dimension". "Fez" had three different animators through its development: Paul Robertson of "", who did the game's animals and some of Gomez's animations, Adam Saltsman of "Canabalt", and Graham Lackey, who did some character animations. The game's mechanics were inspired by the Nintendo Entertainment System games Fish played in his youth,

neg: Pai (fish trap) source of income for the people there. This fish trap looks like Greek symbol pi(Π). Indigenous peoples from near around villages of banghushree are still adopting this technique for fishing in West Rapti River. The method using for this fish trap is filtration where fishes are considered as suspended solids, rectangular knitted sheets acts as a filter, large wooden nails as a rigid support for entire system. This method for fishing is only applicable for rivers which are free from derbies and other suspended objects. Captured by Sharad Puri, Dang Pai (fish trap) Pai (पाई) sometimes Pahi(पाही) is a fish

neg: Tasmanian Seafarers Memorial the Memorial, where a masonry boat-like plinth supports a large vertical anchor cross and the Merchant Naval plaque. A separate sandstone bollard to one side carries the main Naval plaque, while ahead and on the front quarters of the Memorial stand ships masts with halyards and lights, and a flagpole. Open space is provided around the main structure to allow for the conducting of significant ceremonies and services, a number of which occur each year. The design combines both maritime and spiritual influences by incorporating a plan layout which reflects the early Christian ichthys or "fish" symbol, and was undertaken

neg: Christian Democracy (Italy, 2004) of the party. However, Sandri did not accept the decision and expelled Ciammetti and her supporters from the party. Christian Democracy (Italy, 2004) Christian Democracy ("Democrazia Cristiana", DC), also known as Christian Democracy – Third Pole of the Centre ("Democrazia Cristiana – Terzo Polo di Centro"), is a minor Christian-democratic political party in Italy. It was founded in July 2004 by Angelo Sandri as a split from the Christian Democracy (2002). Since the split, the party has taken part in long legal battles on the property of the symbol and the name of the original Christian Democracy with its rival

neg: Chris Lash "1450 WDAD and U92 WQMU" radio. During the next four years, he did mornings with Michael J. Daniels on the highly rated "Odd Couple" morning show. In 2002, while working for the Sample Media Group of Pennsylvania (Owners of newspapers including the Tyrone Daily Herald, where Lash served as GM), along with his wife Karen, they started building Contemporary Christian LPFM "103.7 FISH FM" WFSJ - two years before Salem Communications developed their FISH format. The Lashes would lose a fight against Salem over the trademark of the FISH FM name. 103.7 then became "The Switch". A second "Switch" station

neg: Criticism of The Da Vinci Code the Holy Grail", interprets this as "Sang Réal" and translated this as "royal blood". In early Grail romances, "graal" in fact denotes a large dish for fish, itself a Christian religious symbol, but clearly removed from the traditional cup. The idea of a cup seems to have developed quickly during the late 12th and early 13th centuries, influenced both by apocryphal religious stories, such as that of Joseph of Arimathea, and pagan stories involving magic containers that, for example, produced endless food (itself a useful parallel to the Christian belief of the 'Bread of Life' produced at the Last Supper).

neg: Christian cross David Williams, writing of medieval images of monsters, says: "The disembodied phallus is also formed into a cross, which, before it became for Christianity the symbol of salvation, was a pagan symbol of fertility." The study, "Gods, Heroes & Kings: The Battle for Mythic Britain" states: "Before the fourth century CE, the cross was not widely embraced as a sign of Christianity, symbolizing as it did the gallows of a criminal." This reaction in the Anglican and other Reformed Churches was shortlived and the cross became ubiquitous in these Christian traditions. Jehovah's Witnesses do not use the symbol of the

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol "now thoroughly discredited by historians". Jonah Goldberg, in the "Los Angeles Times" criticized the Darwin fish, stating that: In the "National Review", Goldberg further stated that "one of the problems with the Darwin Fish is that it assumes all Jesus Fishers are Creationists. And I agree that this is one of the problems. But it is not the only one. The 'evolve' fish, I think has a double-meaning in that it suggests Christians should evolve from Christianity. I also think mucking about with the symbol of the fish is itself offensive because the symbol is sacred and has no secular

neg: Convolution (computer science) Convolution (computer science) In computer science, specifically formal languages, convolution (sometimes referred to as zip) is a function which maps a tuple of sequences into a sequence of tuples. Given the three words "cat", "fish" and "be" where |"cat"| is 3, |"fish"| is 4 and |"be"| is 2. Let formula_1 denote the length of the longest word which is "fish"; formula_2. The convolution of "cat", "fish", "be" is then 4 tuples of elements: where "#" is a symbol not in the original alphabet. In Haskell this truncates to shortest sequence formula_4, where formula_5: Let Σ be an alphabet, # a

neg: Bijou (jewellery) inscribed thereon, and perhaps their birth colour, or their astrological sign, a patron saint, or other magic symbols. They may also be used for fun in guessing-games. The date, generally, is that of the birth of the wearer. A fish symbol, often called an Ichthys, indicates that the wearer is a Christian. A bijou can be used in daily life as various significands by the wearer, and can be put on scarves, capes, hats, handbags, and so on. Bijoux are often given as a symbol of love, specifically to one person. It has a special meaning to the wearer, and

neg: Mark Dewey members of the Giants wore AIDS awareness ribbons on their uniforms and stood in a group shaped like that symbol during speeches by Giants owner Peter Magowan and San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown. Dewey refused to take the field for the ceremony, and he wore his ribbon sideways (which would have resembled the Jesus fish symbol). He cited religious reasons for his refusal, complaining that the ceremony was "against [his] Christian principles" and voicing the belief that homosexuality is a sin. Mark Dewey Mark Alan Dewey (born January 3, 1965 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a former Major League Baseball

neg: Black metal upon", and insisted that "the music itself doesn't come as the first priority". Bands with a similar style but with Pagan lyrics tend to be referred to as 'Pagan Metal' by many 'purist' black-metallers. Others shun Satanism, seeing it as "Judeo-Christian" in origin, and regard Satanists as perpetuating the "Judeo-Christian" worldview. Quorthon of Bathory said he used 'Satan' to provoke and attack Christianity. However, with his third and fourth albums he began "attacking Christianity from a different angle", realizing that Satanism is a "Christian product". Nevertheless, some artists use Satan as a symbol or metaphor for their beliefs, such as

neg: Cross and Crown Cross and Crown The Cross and Crown (a cross passing through a crown) is a Christian symbol used by various Christian denominations, particularly the Bible Student movement. It has also been used in heraldry. The emblem is often interpreted as symbolizing the reward in heaven (the crown) coming after the trials in this life (the cross) (James 1:12). In addition to Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian uses, the symbol also appears in the seal of the Church of Christ, Scientist, where it is surrounded by the words "Heal the Sick, Cleanse the Lepers, Raise the Dead, Cast Out Demons", from

neg: Ichthys Empire in the first few centuries after Christ, used the fish symbol to mark meeting places and tombs, or to distinguish friends from foes: There are several other hypotheses as to why the fish was chosen. Some sources indicate that the earliest literary references came from the recommendation of Clement of Alexandria to his readers (Paedagogus, III, xi) to engrave their seals with the dove or fish. However, it can be inferred from Roman monumental sources such as the Cappella Greca and the Sacrament Chapels of the catacomb of St. Callistus that the fish symbol was known to Christians much

neg: Snuff bottle the dragon. The three legged toad is a mythical creature. It was thought to be an animated purse containing an inexhaustible supply of coins, hence it represents wealth and has become a symbol of the unattainable. The fish is both an emblem of wealth and abundance and of harmony and connubial bliss. The fish emblem is used in a variety of decorative ways. Bamboo is a frequent motif. Because of its durability and its being evergreen it has come, along with many other symbols, to signify longevity. "Inside painted" are glass bottles which have pictures and often calligraphy painted on

neg: Ankh Christian cross. Since the late 20th century, the sign has again come to be used decoratively, as well as a symbol of African cultural identity, Neopagan belief systems, and the Goth subculture. In ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, the ankh was a triliteral sign: one that represented a sequence of three consonant sounds. The ankh stood for the sequence "Ꜥ-n-ḫ", where "n" is pronounced like the English letter "n", "Ꜥ" is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, and "ḫ" is a voiceless or voiced velar fricative (sounds not found in English). In the Egyptian language, these consonants were found in the verb meaning

neg: Yin and Yang (Fish albums) which was also released as a lead single. All new tracks were mixed and produced by James Cassidy, who had previously worked on "Songs from the Mirror" and Suits. The outside cover, a relatively simple concept based on the yin and yang symbol (with each element in the shape of a fish) surrounded by a circular Celtic knot pattern, was again designed by permanent Fish collaborator Mark Wilkinson. The "Yin" version of the cover has a black symbol on a white/greyish background, the "Yang" version has a white symbol against a dark-red/black background. (On the Radio Edits CD cover, the

neg: Criticism of atheism as the multiverse are speculative and untestable and thus do not amount to science. Physicist Paul Davies of Arizona State University has written that the very notion of physical law is a theological one in the first place: "Isaac Newton first got the idea of absolute, universal, perfect, immutable laws from the Christian doctrine that God created the world and ordered it in a rational way". John Lennox has argued that science itself sits more comfortably with theism than with atheism and "as a scientist I would say... where did modern science come from? It didn't come from atheism... modern

neg: Ichthys earlier. In the 1970s the "Jesus Fish" started to be used as an icon of modern Christianity. In 1973 the symbol and message was taken to the Aquarius Rock Festival in Nimbin, Australia. Today, it can be seen as a decal or emblem on the rear of automobiles or as pendants or necklaces as a sign that the owner is a Christian. Versions of this include an Ichthys with "Jesus" or "ΙΧΘΥΣ" in the centre, or simply the Ichthys outline by itself. Ichthus Music Festival is an annual large outdoor Christian music Festival held in mid-June in Wilmore, Kentucky. Ichthus

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol fish and inscribe "Darwin" in the body. Others make reference to sushi, sharks, the food chain, fast food, the devil or death. How are we to interpret these variations? These adaptations are themselves susceptible to multiple interpretations, ranging from humour to critique, to mocking derision, to blasphemy." Among such parodies are the "Darwin fish", often displayed by "atheists and freethinkers" in the United States, and the "Fish-hungry shark", displayed by Muslims in Egypt. The Darwin fish is a fish symbol with "evolved" legs and feet attached, and often with the word "Darwin" inside (like the ΙΧΘΥΣ or Jesus found in

neg: Star of David community, after it was chosen as the central symbol on a flag at the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The earliest Jewish usage of the symbol was inherited from medieval Arabic literature by Kabbalists for use in talismanic protective amulets ("segulot") where it was known as the Seal of Solomon among Muslims. The symbol was also used in Christian churches as a decorative motif many centuries before its first known use in a Jewish synagogue. During the 19th century the symbol began to proliferate among the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, ultimately being used among the Jewish communities in the

neg: Pisces (astrology) different from the astronomical location in where the sign occupies space. The constellations in earlier times were primarily used as markers to help determine what influence was in the sky. Nevertheless, the sign of pisces remain in the 30 degree span of 330°-0°. Ptolemy described Alpha Piscium as the point where the cords joining the two fish are knotted together. The astrological symbol shows the two fishes captured by a string, typically by the mouth or the tails. The fish are usually portrayed swimming in opposite directions; this represents the duality within the Piscean nature. They are ruled by the

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol the shark. If they want to portray themselves as weak fishes, OK. We are the strongest." A humoristic parody of the symbol is a fish with the word "Gefilte" (; from , "filled fish") written in letters stylized to resemble Hebrew calligraphy. This refers to gefilte fish, a common dish in Jewish cuisine; used on an automobile, it usually indicates that the driver of the car is culturally Jewish, if not religiously. A parody commonly seen in areas populated by those of Norwegian descent, is a fish containing the word "Lutefisk". Another parody shows only the lower tail fin, and

neg: Cim (archaeological site) Fragments of stone decorations, such as vines with grapes and wattle, peacocks, fish, fragments of floral ornaments and the symbol of the cross, were also discovered. In 2011 Mostar post office issued a stamp with the image of Early Christian Basilica Cim's remains. Three late antique contemporary buildings were discovered in Crkvine area: the basilica, memorial chapel and a residential building. In the mediaeval period burials were carried out there. The early Christian basilica is positioned east-west and has one nave and the altar. The entrance is facing the west, while the altar apse, the most significant and the holiest

neg: Christian symbolism Noah and the Flood, after the flood a dove returns to Noah bringing an olive branch as a sign that the water had receded, and this scene recalled to the Church Fathers Christ who brings salvation through the cross. This biblical scene led to interpreting the dove also as a symbol of peace. Ancient Greeks believed that the flesh of peafowl did not decay after death, and so it became a symbol of immortality. This symbolism was adopted by early Christianity, and thus many early Christian paintings and mosaics show the peacock. The peacock is still used in the Easter

neg: Fish Meat is impressed by the management of their freshwater streams, recycling the water several times through each stage of the fish growing process from egg to fish before allowing it to rejoin the stream. But the problem remains that the fish from their feed comes from far away, and the trout must themselves be transported long distances to reach consumers. Next they visit a restaurant come fish farm in the Saklikent canyon, that raises their fish directly across the street from where they are later eaten by consumers. This provides the smallest waste of energy since virtually no fuel is needed

neg: House of Pride (Faerie Queene) light, both structures come to represent the inherent vanity that lies within the human artifice, which futilely attempts to imitate, if not surpass, the one true Christian God. Simultaneously, the House of Pride works as a symbol for the current state of Redcrosse's mental disposition, as well as the status of his soul. Indeed, Redcrosse's departure from God has been witnessed through his multiple failed encounters with deceit prior to this canto; and his inability to distinguish between truth, and deceit, ultimately lead him to the doors of his own reflection: The House of Pride. Thusly we come to see

neg: Yin and Yang (Fish albums) two fishes are in different colours, more similar to the actual yin and yang symbol.) "1980 1995" is written in the upper left corner, apparently in reference to Marillion. Actually, Fish did not join Marillion until 1981, making this a somewhat dubious attempt at citing an anniversary as the occasion for this retrospective. The booklets contain several photographs of Fish mostly taken on the Scottish coast. The new version of "Just Good Friends", a duet with Sam Brown, was released as a lead single on 14 August 1995. It failed to enter the UK top 40, spending one week at

neg: Michal Na'aman fish and a bird, taken from an encyclopedia of nature. The images were accompanied by texts such as "The Gospel According to the Bird" or "The Fish is the Joke of the Bird", which take their inspiration from Christianity along with a discussion of the questions of "Ars Poetica". From 1978 to 1980, Na'aman lived in New York, where she studied in the School of Visual Arts, with the help of a grant she received from the America Israel Cultural Foundation. During this period the "rabbit-duck", which has been a central ethnographic symbol in her work ever since, first appeared.

neg: Pierre Bostani restored to us; are we not united with you, O French in heart? Is not our blood and honour your blood and honour?...Our enemies curse and deride us saying: where are your French friends? Where are your Christian kings? Where are their warships and soldiers? Did they come to your aid, O infidel dogs?...It was our love for France and our calling upon her for support that has brought upon us these catastrophes". Bishop Abdallah Bostani had fervently applauded the Maronite delegate to Rome, Bishop Nicolas Murad, in his tour of European capitals pushing for the return of a Christian

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol and fantasy circles as a tongue-in-cheek shorthand for extreme horror or evil. It also has been depicted in a parody of the ichthys. The German "Artgemeinschaft" group, promoting racist neopaganism, uses a registered symbol showing an eagle catching an ichthys fish. In Egypt, many Coptic Orthodox Christians display the fish symbol on their vehicles as a sign of their faith, and Islamic fundamentalists responded with "fish-hungry sharks", some including the phrase "no god but Allah" within the body of the shark. One Egyptian Muslim was quoted in "The Day" as saying "The Christians had the fish so we responded with

neg: Variations of the ichthys symbol contains the words "n'Chips", a play on "Fish and Chips". "Sushi" written inside the fish is one more variant. Variations of the ichthys symbol The ichthys symbol, or "Jesus fish", typically used to proclaim an affiliation with or affinity for Christianity, has many variations. Some of these are made by Christians in order to promote a specific doctrine or theological perspective, such as evolutionary creation. Other variations are sometimes intended for the purpose of satire. Both the traditional ichthys fish as well as its variations, are often seen adorning the bumpers or trunks of automobiles, often in the form of

neg: Global index grammar symbol to the stack). Because of the existence of a global stack, a GIG derivation is considered complete when there are no non-terminal symbols left to be rewritten, and the stack is empty. GIG rules come in essentially four forms: rules that do something unconditionally, rules that do something conditioned on the topmost symbol of the stack, rules that push to the stack, and rules that pop from the stack. We can notate these in turn as: where f is any index symbol, is any string of terminals and/or non-terminal symbols, and x is a terminal is a terminal symbol.

neg: Christian cross cross hangs above the baptistry. Although Christians accepted that the cross was the gallows on which Jesus died, they had already begun in the 2nd century to use it as a Christian symbol. During the first three centuries of the Christian era the cross was "a symbol of minor importance" when compared to the prominence given to it later, but by the second century it was closely associated with Christians, to the point where Christians were mocked as "adorers of the gibbet" ("crucis religiosi"), an accusation countered by Tertullian. and it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly

neg: Gravy Train (band) were tolerant and sympathetic of my position," Barratt commented, "and the Record Companies never tried to dissuade me. The Christian experience influenced all of my lyrics for Gravy Train. Not overtly, but certainly they were written from a Christian perspective. I did not think that I had a right to 'preach' to audiences who had just come to hear the band and have a good time — although a lot of people who had read interviews in the music press did come backstage almost every night to find out what it was all about. Some of them were saved and

neg: Saint Malo, Louisiana mentioned about the interactions between citizens traveling from New Orleans and the Malays. Could this have been where many Malay men met their wives? Did some of the families that fled to St. Malo belong to the Malay fisherman? The diet in the village was mainly fish. They rarely ate rice, even though it is a staple food of Filipinos. The predominant religion of the Manilamen was Roman Catholicism, although it was not known if a priest actually visited the settlement from nearby New Orleans to minister or perform any Christian rites and sacraments. The Manilamen paid no taxes and

neg: Maharashtrian cuisine and exclusively come from chicken sources. Beef and pork are mainly consumed by Christian minorities and some Dalit communities. However, these do not form part of traditional Maharashtrian cuisine. Seafood is a staple for many Konkan coastal communities. Most of the recipes are based on marine fish, prawns and crab. A distinct Malvani cuisine of mainly seafood dishes is popular. Popular fish varieties include Bombay duck, pomfret, "bangda" and "surmai" (kingfish). Seafood is used in recipes such as curries, pan-fried dishes and pilaf. Other ingredients include oil seeds such as flax, karale, coconut, peanuts, almonds and cashew nuts. Peanut powder

neg: Maranatha (Millennium) has come to be regarded by Russians as a sort of evil folkloric figure. Meanwhile, Group member Peter Watts (Terry O'Quinn) determines that the "V"-like symbol found earlier is actually a fragment of the Chi Rho, a Christian symbol. Watts also informs Black that many Russians believe Yaponchik to have directly responsible for the Chernobyl disaster, a Soviet nuclear meltdown tied by some to Biblical prophecies of the apocalypse. Black researches the disaster, finding a picture of both Medikov and Surova at the Chernobyl nuclear plant, and realizes that both men have been tracking Yaponchik for revenge. One of Yaponchik's

neg: Rabbits and hares in art also be seen as a symbol of the Trinity. The idea of rabbits as a symbol of vitality, rebirth and resurrection derives from antiquity. This explains their role in connection with Easter, the resurrection of Christ. The unusual presentation in Christian iconography of a Madonna with the Infant Jesus playing with a white rabbit in Titian's Parisian painting, can thus be interpreted christologically. Together with the basket of bread and wine, a symbol of the sacrificial death of Christ, the picture may be interpreted as the resurrection of Christ after death. The phenomenon of superfetation, where embryos from different menstrual

neg: Frederick Whitworth Aylmer, 6th Baron Aylmer was accurate. Having been forced to tack against contrary winds for much of the remaining journey, the fleet did not come within sight of the city until dawn on 27 August. Aylmer's ship, "Severn" was selected to tow a boat closer in, from where a delegate with a list of demands would then be rowed ashore. The demands included, the abolition of Christian slavery, the release of all Christian slaves and the repayment of the money recently taken to secure the liberty of Neopolitan and Sardinian slaves. Having been promised a reply within two hours, and having still not received

neg: Monifieth Sculptured Stones metres by 0.08 metres. The front face features a defaced cross shaft with birds and animals at the sides. The rear features a figure on horseback, a crescent symbol, dog, fish monster, a dog chasing a stag and a pair of biting heads. The largest stone is a fragment of a free-standing high cross, 1.16 metres by 0.28 metres wide by 0.18 metres thick, once built into the front of St Regulus' Church and possibly originally from St Bride's Ring. While it features Celtic Christian imagery, it has no idiomatic Pictish symbols, defining it as Class III. The cross is

neg: Ancient Israelite cuisine these come from the Mediterranean, but in the later Iron Age period, some are from the Red Sea. Fishermen supplied fish to inland communities, as remains of fish, including bones and scales, have been discovered at many inland sites. To preserve them for transport, the fish were first smoked or dried and salted. Merchants also imported fish, sometimes from as far as from Egypt, where pickled roe was an export article. Remains of Nile Perch from Egypt have been found, and these must have been smoked or dried, before being imported through the trade network that connected ancient Near Eastern

neg: Christian Streit White Commission's "first and most expensive efforts" involved the hatching and stocking of the salmon in West Virginia's streams. To accomplish this feat, White designed and built charcoal raceways to culture the salmon. The salmon were released into the South Branch Potomac River where they flourished and were caught by fishermen from Romney to Washington, D.C. The salmon introduced by White and the commission migrated to the Chesapeake Bay, but did not return to West Virginia's streams to spawn. Between 1877 and 1882, the West Virginia Fish Commission successfully hatched and distributed salmon, trout, black bass, shad, carp, gray bass, pike

neg: Aquaculture serve as anchoring surfaces for spores. Romans bred fish in ponds and farmed oysters in coastal lagoons before 100 CE. In central Europe, early Christian monasteries adopted Roman aquacultural practices. Aquaculture spread in Europe during the Middle Ages since away from the seacoasts and the big rivers, fish had to be salted so they did not rot. Improvements in transportation during the 19th century made fresh fish easily available and inexpensive, even in inland areas, making aquaculture less popular. The 15th-century fishponds of the Trebon Basin in the Czech Republic are maintained as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Hawaiians constructed

neg: Chachoengsao Hi-Tek F.C. the important people of province. The stadium have capacity 3,778 seat. The supporters of Chachoengsao FC called "Fighting Fish Friend" (Thai; "Puen Pla Kad"). They used No.8 for a symbol, because the No.8 come from ""Pad"" (Thai; "Pad" = Eight, 8) in ""Padrew"". In 2010, the team gave the No.8 to Chachoengsao F.C. supporters. History of events of Chachoengsao FC Chachoengsao Hi-Tek F.C. Chachoengsao Hi-Tek Football Club (), commonly referred to as "Padrew", is a Thailand professional football club based in Chachoengsao Province. They have played in the Thai League 3 Northern region. The club's home stadium is Pimpayachan Stadium.

neg: Christian punk their peers and paved the way for many bands to follow. In the 21st century, developments in Christian punk have paralleled the broader punk scene, with bands such as Relient K, Hawk Nelson, FM Static, Flatfoot 56, Stellar Kart, and This Providence becoming popular with more mainstream audiences. Fashion is similar to normal punk fashion, but features Christian symbols such as the Christian Ichthys, the cross, crown of thorns, the JCHC symbol, and similar symbols. Chi Rho is a popular symbol amongst more anarcho-Christian bands, such as The Psalters. In Europe the most used symbol is a modified anarchy symbol

neg: Tron: Legacy the things that brought me to this film," affirmed Bridges, "was the idea of helping to create a modern-day myth to help us navigate through these technological waters [...]. I dig immediate gratification as much as anybody, but it happens so fast that if you make a decision like that, you can go far down the wrong path. Think about those plastic single-use water bottles. Where did that come from? Who decided that? You can have a couple of swigs of water [...] and those bottles don't disintegrate entirely. Microscopic animals eat the plastic, and the fish eat those, and

neg: Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? the "protoIsraelites." It followed an earlier book, "What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?", in which Dever, contrary to the "minimalists", asserted that the writers of the Old Testament knew a good deal about the Israelites' past. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical "maximalists" and "minimalists" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book,

neg: Process Church of the Final Judgment practices being regarded as a distraction from spiritual work. Unlike other Satanic groups active during the same period, the Process Church did not practice magic. The Process Church strongly opposed vivisection. The Church held public rituals similar to Christian practices, such as baptisms, marriages and a weekly gathering titled the Sabbath Assembly. Baptisms were performed at every elevation of status in the hierarchy of the Church. The Processeans sang solemn hymns to the four deities during the assemblies. The group used a swastika-like symbol ("the P-Sign") as its insignia. The symbol had four superimposed P letters, and was also seen

neg: Ketchup of these words (鮭汁, kôe-chiap and kêchiap) come from the Amoy dialect of China, where it meant the brine of pickled fish (鮭, salmon; 汁, juice) or shellfish. There are citations of "koe-chiap" in the "Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of the Amoy" (London; Trudner) from 1873, defined as "brine of pickled fish or shell-fish". Ketchup may have entered the English language from the Malay word "kicap" (pron. "kichap", sometimes spelled "kecap" or "ketjap"). Originally meaning "fish sauce", the word itself derives from the Chinese terms above. In Indonesian cuisine, which is similar to Malay, the term "kecap"

neg: Church of St Joan of Arc designed by the architect Louis Arretche. The sweeping curves of the structure are meant to evoke both the flames that consumed Joan of Arc and an overturned longship. Many early Christian churches were designed in the shape of an overturned boat. The market halls simultaneously resemble smaller overturned boats and fish with gaping mouths, which are also rich Christian symbols. The stained glass windows come from the 16th century Church of Saint Vincent, whose ruins are located a few metres away. The old church was almost completely destroyed in 1944 during World War II, but the windows had been removed

neg: I Am Alpha and Omega Jersey. Their members are lead vocalist, Donny Hardy, guitarist, Ilya Fish and Dillon Thornberry, bassist, Scott Soffer, and drummer, Peach Hardy. The band commenced as a musical entity in 2007, with their first release, "Georgia May", an extended play, that was released independently in 2008, while they released another extended play independently, "The War I Wage", in 2009, with Come&Live! Records. They released, a studio album, "The Roar and the Whisper", on September 5, 2010, with Come&Live! Records. Studio albums EPs I Am Alpha and Omega I Am Alpha and Omega is an American Christian hardcore punk band from Flemington,

neg: Anne Boleyn in Anne's book of hours, in which she wrote, ""le temps viendra"" ["the time will come"]. Alongside this inscription she drew an astrolabe, which at the time was a symbol of the Renaissance. The inscription implies that Anne was a Renaissance woman, exposed to new ideas and thoughts relating to her faith since it was written in her book of hours. Anne Boleyn's last words before her beheading was a prayer for her salvation, her king, and her country. She said, "Good Christian people! I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law, I

neg: Asian arowana to the Chinese dragon, considered an auspicious symbol. The large metallic scales and double barbels are features shared by the Chinese dragon, and the large pectoral fins are said to make the fish resemble "a dragon in full flight." In addition, positive "feng shui" associations with water and the colours red and gold make these fishes popular for aquaria. One belief is that while water is a place where "chi" gathers, it is naturally a source of "yin" energy and must contain an "auspicious" fish such as an arowana to have balancing "yang" energy. Another is that a fish can

neg: Nûñnë'hï a mountain called Lone Peak, where it was changed to solid rock and the people inside it became invisible and immortal like the Nunnehi. In another story, the Nunnehi invited a group of Cherokee to come live with them, and after the seven days had passed, they returned and took the people to live with them underneath Hiwassee River, near the area where Shooting Creek comes in. The Cherokee who went to live with the Nunnehi under the river would sometimes catch the fish-drags of their kinsmen because they did not want to be forgotten. On warm summer days, when

neg: Religious symbolism in the United States military him to wear the Star of David instead. When Goldberg's request to wear the six-pointed star was rejected—based on the same fears the army had that a six-pointed star would be too similar to the five-pointed star worn by flag officers—he recommended the shepherd's crook as a universal symbol, a recommendation that met with opposition from many Christian chaplains. However, the Navy did authorize Goldberg to wear that symbol himself, in place of the cross. Goldberg wore this insignia until the end of World War II, when navy policy eventually changed to allow navy Jewish chaplains to wear the tablets

neg: Immovable Ladder Sepulchre. However, during his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1964, Pope Paul VI described the ladder as a visible symbol of Christian division, and it is generally regarded as culturally significant as a visible symbol of the "Status Quo" agreement among the six ecumenical Christian orders. In his book "", author Simon Sebag Montefiore says that "tour guides claim [the ladder] can never be moved without other sects seizing it. In fact, the ladder leads to a balcony where the Armenian superior used to drink coffee with his friends and tend his flower garden: it is there so that

neg: One Ring to master the Ring's power to the point where he was strong enough to overthrow Sauron. The prospect of mastery is the main appeal that the Ring holds for those who come in contact with it. The Ring appears as a symbol of hope, offering the power to defeat Sauron and bring peace to the world. Yet in the end, its inherent malevolence would twist its bearer into another Dark Lord as evil as Sauron, regardless of one's intentions at the outset. Despite its power, the Ring did not render its bearer omnipotent. Three times Sauron suffered military defeat while

neg: Frecklebelly darter item for almost any piscivorous fish that occur within the darter’s range, such as Largemouth Bass, Smallmouth Bass, and other large piscivores. Fish with similar habitat requirements are the greatest competitors to the fish. It seems that this particular species desires cooler water temperatures that come with higher elevations. Many of the regions where the fish exist are suspect to mining operations as well as river damming. Either of these projects could very well be detrimental to the fish species. The frecklebelly darter has a poorly studied life history. Spawning of the species evidently peaks from mid-March through mid-April. The

neg: Albert Fish on her parents' Staten Island farm. He offered her money to come and help him look for rhubarb. She was about to leave the farm when her mother chased Fish away. Fish left but returned later to the Kiels' barn, where he tried to sleep but was discovered by Hans Kiel and forced to leave. During 1924, the 54-year-old Fish, suffering from psychosis, felt that God was commanding him to torture and sexually mutilate children. Shortly before his abduction of Grace Budd, Fish attempted to test his "implements of Hell" on a child he had been molesting named Cyril Quinn.

neg: Labarum and rho as a Christian sign before Constantine. Its first appearance is on a Constantinian silver coin from c. 317, which proves that Constantine did use the sign at that time. He made extensive use of the Chi-Rho and the labarum later in the conflict with Licinius. The vision has been interpreted in a solar context (e.g. as a solar halo phenomenon), which would have been reshaped to fit with the Christian beliefs of the later Constantine. An alternate explanation of the intersecting celestial symbol has been advanced by George Latura, which claims that Plato's visible god in "Timaeus" is

neg: Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical "maximalists" and "minimalists" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book, which coincided with Dever's retirement from the University of Arizona, where he served as professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology for many years, was written on a semi-popular level to explain the background and origin of the people Dever describes as

neg: Ichthyology various significant advancements. The study of fish receives its origins from human's desire to feed, clothe, and equip themselves with useful implements. According to Michael Barton, a prominent ichthyologist and professor at Centre College, "the earliest ichthyologists were hunters and gatherers who had learned how to obtain the most useful fish, where to obtain them in abundance, and at what times they might be the most available". Early cultures manifested these insights in abstract and identifiable artistic expressions. Informal, scientific descriptions of fish are represented within the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Old Testament laws of kashrut forbade the consumption of fish

neg: Protocooperation well does the same task of removing the unwanted insects and parasites. Certain fish perform the task of cleaning other fish, by removing ectoparasites, cleaning wounded flesh, and getting rid of dead flesh. Even predatory fish rely on cleansing symbionts, and adopt a placid state while they are cleansed. The fish that do the cleansing are often concentrated around specific sites where the other fish come to be cleansed. These are known as cleansing stations. Protocooperation Protocooperation is where two species interact with each other beneficially; they have no need to interact with each other - they interact purely for

neg: Christian deism Roman rule. Jesus refused to stop preaching his "gospel" even though he knew that he was risking crucifixion, the usual Roman penalty for revolutionaries. Jesus called for his followers to take this same risk, "If a man would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake and the gospel's will save it" (Mark 8:34-35). After his crucifixion, Jesus' cross became a symbol of commitment to establishing the "kingdom of God" on earth. Christian deists are committed

neg: M. P. Sivagnanam Nadu. Finally Madras was attached to Tamil Nadu by the great efforts of Ma.Po.SI.But Tirupati only left During the British period the Madras Corporation flag had the ‘sea,boat ,3 lions and 2 fish’.The 3 lions represented the British and the sea,boat,fish denoted the seashore of madras.After Independence the need for changing the flag arose. M.P.Sivagnanam who was heading the education wing of the corporation suggested the Pandiya,Chola,Chera’s symbol ‘Fish,Tiger and Bow’ (which he already had in his ‘Tamil arasu kazhagam’s flag). Rajaji agreed with his suggestion. It was in Amaravathi prison where Ma.Po.Si started his literary journey.His interest to sangam

neg: American white pelican grounds. American white pelicans like to come together in groups of a dozen or more birds to feed, as they can thus cooperate and corral fish to one another. When this is not easily possible – for example in deep water, where fish can escape by diving out of reach –, they prefer to forage alone. But the birds also steal food on occasion from other birds, a practice known as kleptoparasitism. White pelicans are known to steal fish from other pelicans, gulls and cormorants from the surface of the water and, in one case, from a great blue heron