query: where are the iron ore deposits of pakistan located

pos: Mining in Pakistan in Chaghi district. Iron ore is found in various regions of Pakistan including Nokundi, Chinot and the largest one in Kalabagh (Less than 42% quality), Haripur and other Northern Areas. 11 February, 2015 The reserves were found in Chiniot, around 160 kilometres northwest of Lahore, by Chinese group the Metallurgical Cooperation of China. A senior provincial administrative official told AFP that initial estimates indicated 500 million tonnes of iron ore, a primary ingredient in steel making, had been discovered.The extracted iron had been tested in Swiss and Canadian laboratories, whichwere successful in finding 60-65 percent of it to be high

neg: Rowghat Mines Rowghat Rowghat Mines The Rowghat Mines contain the largest iron ore deposits in Chhattisgarh India after the Bailadila Iron Ore Mine. Rowghat Mines' reserves have been assessed at 731.93 Mn Tonnes. Bailadila has reserves assessed at 1.343 Bn Tonnes. Iron ore deposits in Rowghat were discovered in 1899 and in 1949 Geological Survey of India investigated the area. Rowghat iron ore deposits are located in the Antagarh Tahsil of Kanker district of Chhattisgarh state. The area of deposits is covered in Topo sheet No. - 65 E/1. It lies between Longitude - 81°03' to 81°14' and Latitude - 19°45'30" to

neg: Rowghat Mines Rowghat Mines The Rowghat Mines contain the largest iron ore deposits in Chhattisgarh India after the Bailadila Iron Ore Mine. Rowghat Mines' reserves have been assessed at 731.93 Mn Tonnes. Bailadila has reserves assessed at 1.343 Bn Tonnes. Iron ore deposits in Rowghat were discovered in 1899 and in 1949 Geological Survey of India investigated the area. Rowghat iron ore deposits are located in the Antagarh Tahsil of Kanker district of Chhattisgarh state. The area of deposits is covered in Topo sheet No. - 65 E/1. It lies between Longitude - 81°03' to 81°14' and Latitude - 19°45'30" to 19°58'.

neg: Kanker district in the district. Kanker is rich in minerals. Iron ore, quartzite and garnet deposits are found in southern regions of the district, but mining of these minerals on a commercial scale has not been attempted. About 100 million tons of iron ore deposits have been identified in the Hahaladdi region of the Bhanupratappur Tehsil. Chattisgarh's second biggest iron ore deposits, Rowghat Mines, is in Antargarh tehsil in this district. Its reserves are assessed at 1.343 billion tons. Rowghat Mines will supply iron ore to the Bhilai Steel Plant of SAIL. Black and white granite is plentiful in the district, where

neg: Iron ore These deposits are commonly referred to as "direct shipping ores" or "natural ores". Increasing iron ore demand, coupled with the depletion of high-grade hematite ores in the United States, after World War II led to development of lower-grade iron ore sources, principally the utilization of magnetite and taconite. Iron-ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. There are four main types of iron-ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. These are magnetite, titanomagnetite, massive hematite and pisolitic ironstone deposits. Banded iron formations (BIFs) are sedimentary rocks containing more than 15%

neg: Iron ore in Africa Iron ore in Africa Iron ore production in Africa is dominated by South Africa, Mauritania and Algeria; Zimbabwe and Morocco produce ore for use within the country. Many countries possess iron ore deposits that are as yet untapped/unmined. Countries and companies currently involved in production are listed here; measurements are in tpy, or tonnes per year. Deposits and production in Algeria include: Deposits and production in Angola include: Deposits and production in Cameroon include: Deposits and production in Central African Republic include: Deposits and production in Congo (Brazzaville) include: Deposits and production in Côte d'Ivoire include: Deposits and production in

neg: Simandou mine Simandou mine The Simandou mine is a large iron mine located in the Simandou mountain range of southern Guinea's Nzérékoré Region. Simandou represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Guinea and in the world, having estimated reserves of 2.4 billion tonnes of ore grading 65% iron metal. The Pic de Fon and Ouéléba iron deposits are located approximately 4 km from one another at the southern end of the Simandou Range, approximately 550 km ESE of the capital, Conakry. Both deposits are approximately 7.5 km in length and up to 1 km wide. At both banded iron formations

neg: Geography of Russia Russia holds around forty percent of the world's reserves, can be found along Siberia's Arctic coast, in the North Caucasus, and in northwestern Russia. Major iron-ore deposits are located south of Moscow, near the Ukrainian border in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly; this area contains vast deposits of iron ore that have caused a deviation in the Earth's magnetic field. There are smaller deposits in other parts of the country. The Ural mountains hold small deposits of manganese. Nickel, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum and other iron alloying elements occur in adequate quantities. Russia also contains most of the nonferrous metals. Aluminium ores

neg: Iron ore magnetite iron ore deposits within the Atacama Desert have also formed alluvial accumulations of magnetite in streams leading from these volcanic formations. Some magnetite skarn and hydrothermal deposits have been worked in the past as high-grade iron ore deposits requiring little beneficiation. There are several granite-associated deposits of this nature in Malaysia and Indonesia. Other sources of magnetite iron ore include metamorphic accumulations of massive magnetite ore such as at Savage River, Tasmania, formed by shearing of ophiolite ultramafics. Another, minor, source of iron ores are magmatic accumulations in layered intrusions which contain a typically titanium-bearing magnetite often with vanadium.

neg: Kirandul for a length of 40 km with a width of about 10 km mostly along the top of hill,which constitute one of the richest concentration of iron-ore of world. The range contains 1200 million tonnes of high grade iron ore distributed in 14 deposits.14 reserves have been discovered, of which 3 are being mined.Deposit 14/11C and 11B are the mines located in Kirandul complex while Deposit 5, 10 and 11A are located in Bacheli complex of Bailadila Iron ore mines.Bailadila Deposit-14 mine is the first large scale open cast mechanised iron ore mine in India for which DPR was prepared

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits Silicate gangue minerals include actinolite, pyroxene, tourmaline, epidote and chlorite, with apatite, allanite and other phosphate minerals common in some IOCG provinces (e.g.; North American examples), with carbonate-barite assemblages also reported. Where present, rare-earth metals tend to associate with phosphate minerals. When iron oxide species trend towards magnetite or crystalline massive hematite, IOCG deposits may be economic based on their iron oxide contents alone. Several examples of IOCG deposits (Wilcherry Hill, Cairn Hill, Kiruna) are iron ore deposits. Within the Olympic Domain of the Gawler Craton, exploration for Olympic Dam style IOCG deposits has relied on four main criteria for

neg: Yilgarn Craton magnetite ore in the Albany-Fraser Complex, where a large deposit is being proposed at Southdown. The Jack Hills, Weld Range and Mount Gibson banded iron formations, as well as BIFs around Yalgoo, are also considered potential sources of magnetite iron ore, although no operations are as yet running on this type of ore. Further away from the coast, BIF deposits at Wiluna and Laverton are also under investigation, although infrastructure is considered too poor to render these deposits economic. The Yilgarn Craton is host to around 30% of the world's economically demonstrably recoverable reserves (EDR) of gold. Major gold deposits

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits copper-gold mineralisation and skarns are recognised within the Gawler Craton, South Australia, which would be recognised as IOCG deposits. Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits (IOCG) are important and highly valuable concentrations of copper, gold and uranium ores hosted within iron oxide dominant gangue assemblages which share a common genetic origin. These ore bodies range from around 10 million tonnes of contained ore, to 4,000 million tonnes or more, and have a grade of between 0.2% and 5% copper, with gold contents ranging from 0.1 to >3 grams per tonne (parts per million). These

neg: Iron ore is mined in Minnesota and Michigan in the U.S., Eastern Canada and Northern Sweden. Magnetite bearing banded iron formation is currently mined extensively in Brazil, which exports significant quantities to Asia, and there is a nascent and large magnetite iron-ore industry in Australia. Direct-shipping iron-ore (DSO) deposits (typically composed of hematite) are currently exploited on all continents except Antarctica, with the largest intensity in South America, Australia and Asia. Most large hematite iron-ore deposits are sourced from altered banded iron formations and rarely igneous accumulations. DSO deposits are typically rarer than the magnetite-bearing BIF or other rocks which form its

neg: Itakpe Itakpe–Warri Railway, a standard gauge railway that passes by the Ajaokuta Steel Mill on its way to the Atlantic Ocean port of Warri. There are plans to extend the line from Itakpe to Abuja, where it will connect to the standard gauge network that is under connection. Itakpe Itakpe is a town in Kogi State, Nigeria. The Itakpe Hills in and around the town of Itakpe contain very pure deposits of iron ore. The National Iron Ore Mining Company is located here. It supplies the steel works of Ajaokuta and Aladja, as well as producing ore for export. NIOMCO Staff

neg: North China Craton Xuchang-Huoqiu. The North China Craton banded iron formation contains the most important source of iron in China. It consists of more than 60–80% of the nations iron reserves. Copper- zinc (Cu-Zn) deposits were deposited in the Hongtoushan greenstone belt, which was located in the northeastern part of the North China Craton. They are typical volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits and were formed under rift environment. The formation of the Cu-Zn deposits might not be under modern tectonics, so the formation process might be different from modern rift system. Neoarchean greenstone belt gold deposits are located in Sandaogou (northeastern side of

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits to be within Neoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic basement. Worldwide, ages of recognised IOCG deposits range from 1.8 Ga to 15 Ma, however, the majority are within the 1.6 Ga to 850 Ma range. Ore minerals in IOCG deposits are typically copper-iron sulfide chalcopyrite and gangue pyrite, forming 10–15% of the rock mass. Supergene profiles can be developed above weathered examples of IOCG deposits, as exemplified by the Sossego deposit, Para State, Brazil, where typical oxidised copper minerals are present, e.g.; malachite, cuprite, native copper and minor amounts of digenite and chalcocite. Alteration is a mixture of sodic-calcic (albite-epidote) to potassic (K-feldspar)

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits (IOCG) are important and highly valuable concentrations of copper, gold and uranium ores hosted within iron oxide dominant gangue assemblages which share a common genetic origin. These ore bodies range from around 10 million tonnes of contained ore, to 4,000 million tonnes or more, and have a grade of between 0.2% and 5% copper, with gold contents ranging from 0.1 to >3 grams per tonne (parts per million). These ore bodies tend to express as cone-like, blanket-like breccia sheets within granitic margins, or as long ribbon-like breccia or

neg: Marcellus Formation to a usable brown hematite iron ore along the outcrops and near the bedrock surface. The Marcellus iron ore was actively mined in south Central Pennsylvania from its discovery in the late 18th century, until it was supplanted by the rich ore beds of the Iron Range of Minnesota in the early 20th century. The ore was easily located and worked from shallow pits and shafts, but once the usable upper deposits were removed, or if a mine shaft entered the bed too far below the surface, only unusable unconverted pyritic deposits were found. Hematite ore was converted to pig

neg: History of the iron and steel industry in the United States producer, after Sweden and Russia. Notable pre-19th-century iron furnaces in the US Because wood for charcoal was available throughout the eastern states, iron smelters were located close to iron ore. Although the bog iron ores mined in colonial days were widespread, the deposits were also small, and quickly exhausted. In the late 1700s the iron furnaces moved away from the bog iron ore of the coastal swamps, to larger iron ore deposits further inland. Inland locations also allowed the furnaces to be closer to sources of limestone, which was used as a flux in iron smelting. The proximity to larger

neg: Yampi Sound Yampi Sound Yampi Sound is a part of the Indian Ocean off the coast of northwestern Australia, located between King Sound and Collier Bay. The islands of the Buccaneer Archipelago, located in the sound, contain rich silver and iron ore deposits. The high grade iron ore deposits have been mined in the Sound since the 1950s. A copper mine also operated at Coppermine Creek on the mainland side of the sound. Many creeks discharge directly into the sound including Coppermine Creek, Crocodile Creek, Silvergull Creek and Dogleg Creek. The traditional owners of the areas around the sound are the Umiida

neg: Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. steelmakers in North America, or the international seaborne market. During 2014, 2013, and 2012, Cleveland-Cliffs sold 7.2 million, 8.6 million and 8.9 million tonnes of iron ore pellets and concentrate, respectively, from its Eastern Canadian iron ore mines. Cleveland-Cliffs' Asia Pacific iron ore (APIO) operations are located in Western Australia and consist solely of the wholly owned Koolyanobbing complex, a collective term for the operating deposits at Koolyanobbing, Windarling and Mount Jackson. Approximately separate the three mining areas. The Koolyanobbing operations serve the Asian iron ore markets with direct-shipped fines and lump ore, and have a production capacity of 11.0

neg: Channel-iron deposits ore mined from the Hamerley Iron province. Although channel iron deposits are typically low-grade at 53% to 57% Fe in-situ, they are composed of goethite-limonite which are hydrated iron oxide species. Ore typically contains around 8% to 12% water, and <5% SiO, and <3% AlO. The hydrous iron oxides can be calcined, and the CID ore on a volatile-free basis is around 63% Fe or more. The CID deposits relative lack of consolidation and proximity close to the surface in most cases renders them liable to bulk mining with little or no need for drilling and blasting. This then is

neg: Natural Resources of Azerbaijan is 64.55 hectares. This area includes the ‘’Gurd yuvasi’’, two cemeteries with age of thousand years and an ancient mosque, Gothursu fount, Ali Stone, Kardashi, Girmaki valley and Yanar dag. These excavations (iron, aluminum, chromite, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum ore etc.) brings different ore deposits in the mountainous parts of the republic. Iron ores (magnetite, hematite) are found in four classes in Azerbaijan: segregation-magmatic, skarn-magnetite (contact-metasomatic), hydrothermal-metasomatic and sedimentation. Only Dashkasan, South Dashkesen and İron ore-bearing regions with skarn-magnetite are for commercial use as ore-deposits. These deposits are composed of Kellovey, Oxford, Kimeric aged volcanogenic, pyroclastic and

neg: Economy of China China. Iron ore reserves are found in most provinces, including Hainan. Gansu, Guizhou, southern Sichuan, and Guangdong provinces have rich deposits. The largest mined reserves are located north of the Yangtze River and supply neighboring iron and steel enterprises. With the exception of nickel, chromium, and cobalt, China is well supplied with ferroalloys and manganese. Reserves of tungsten are also known to be fairly large. Copper resources are moderate, and high-quality ore is present only in a few deposits. Discoveries have been reported from Ningxia. Lead and zinc are available, and bauxite resources are thought to be plentiful. China's antimony

neg: Belinga deposits to be exploited. As the tonneages hauled will be greatly increased, this line may also extend to a port at Santa Clara which would extend the railway to 560 km. The town is near the Republic of Congo and Cameroon borders. Belinga Belinga is a location in Gabon with as yet unexploited iron ore deposits. These ore deposits extend into neighbouring Cameroon and Congo. The Belinga iron reserves were discovered in 1895. They are estimated to hold about one billion tons of iron ore. Iron ore mining was expected to start in 2011 but due to a lack of

neg: Iron mining in the United States mines and iron ore treatment plants. US iron ore mining is dominated by the Precambrian banded iron formation deposits around Lake Superior, in Minnesota and Michigan; such deposits were also formerly mined in Wisconsin. For the past 50 years, more than 90 percent of US iron ore production has been mined from the Lake Superior deposits. None of the iron ore now mined in the US is “direct shipping” ore ready to be fed into the iron- and steel-making process. The ore is concentrated to raise the iron content before use. All the iron ore currently mined is from open

neg: Mining industry of Liberia impacts of all mineral exploration projects undertaken by private companies. The Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy (MLME) has the mandated task to administer the mining activity in the country. The mining laws are patterned on the Australian system. Iron ore extraction has seen a revival in the private sector with projects undertaken by several foreign companies such as: the Putu iron ore project in Grand Gedeh County; the western iron ore deposits in Nimba County; and the Western Cluster Iron Ore (WCIO) project including the Bea Mountain, Bomi Hills, and Mano River iron ore deposits. Mining of the iron

neg: Yilgarn Iron Producers Association be required, plus upgrade of port facilities. Smaller deposits would be connected to the nearest railhead by roadtrain. Yilgarn Iron Producers Association The Yilgarn Iron Produces Association is a consortium of 11 iron ore companies (9 listed) who seek to cooperatively develop rail and port infrastructure to enable their ore deposits to be exploited. The Yilgarn zone is located about north of Leonora, itself north of Kalgoorlie. The port of Esperance is located about to the south of Kalgoorlie. A medium strength standard gauge railway connects Leonora and Esperence, and this would have to be upgraded with heavier rail and

neg: Bela, Pakistan from the name of the princely state Las Bela, it became a part of Balochistan in 1970 when the provincial system was changed Bela and surrounding areas have some mineral reserves. north of Bela are the Kundi deposits where traces of chalcopyrite, Galena, and silver are also found. Manganese ore is also found in the opholitic belt of Bela. The tomb of Muhammad Bin Qasim's general, Muhammad Ibn-e-Haroon, is located in Bela. Bela, Pakistan Bela () is an important town of Lasbela District in Balochistan province of Pakistan, and is the chief town of the Bela Tehsil. Bela is an

neg: Channel-iron deposits Channel-iron deposits Channel iron deposits (CID) are iron-rich fluvial sedimentary deposits of possible Miocene age occupying meandering palaeochannels in the Early to Mid-Cenozoic Hamerlsey palaeosurface of Western Australia. Examples are also known from Kazakhstan. The deposits are anomalously high in iron for deterital material, and exclude detrital iron deposits typified by scree of hematitic banded iron formations and accumulations of currently-forming maghemite pisolite alluvials. CIDs are a major source of cheap, high grade iron ore exploited primarily in the Pilbara and Murchison regions of Western Australia. Channel iron deposits are typically partly eroded and currently are from between <1m to

neg: Geography of Pakistan of about 1046km, Pakistan has enough fishery resources that remain to be fully developed. It is also a major source of export earning. About only 4% of land in Pakistan is covered with forests. The forests of Pakistan are a main source of food, lumber, paper, fuel wood, latex, medicine as well as used for purposes of wildlife conservation and Eco tourism. The Salt Range in the Potwar Plateau has large deposits of rock salt. Pakistan has extensive mineral resources, including fairly sizable reserves of gypsum, limestone, chromites, iron ore, rock salt, silver, gold, precious stones, gems, marbles, tiles, copper,

neg: Belgorod Oblast days, with an average of 1800 hours of sunshine. Rainfall is uneven by year and season, with an average of 540–550 mm although rainfall can dramatically differ between the western and northern areas and the warmer, drier eastern and southeast where some years lows of around has been recorded. Over 40% of known iron ore reserves of Russia are concentrated in the oblast. Deposits are confined to the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly area. Among them are Korobkovsky, Lebedinskoye, Stoylenskoye, and prospective Prioskolskoye iron ore deposits in Stary Oskol District, Bolshetroitskoye in Shebekinsky District, as well as Yakovlevskoye and Pogremetskoye fields. Identified

neg: Société de l'Ouenza there is about 2% manganese. The ore outcrops are suitable for open pit mining. Djebel Bou-Khadra is west of Morsott and south of Djebel Ouenza. It has similar origins, structure and composition, and extends for over with at least 23 million tons of ore. The low-phosphorus ore from both deposits is excellent quality, with 54% iron on average. Rising iron ore prices at the start of the 20th century caused interest in exploiting the Ouenza deposits. The prospector F. R. Pascal obtained a concession to mine underground deposits of copper and iron at Ouenza in 1903. Pascal did not have

neg: Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits are a class of magmatic iron-nickel-copper-platinum-group element ore deposit in which the physical processes of komatiite volcanology serve to deposit, concentrate and enrich a Fe-Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide melt within the lava flow environment of an erupting komatiite volcano. The classification of the type of ore environment sets these apart from other magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposits, which share many of the same genetic (formational) controls. Kambalda-type ore deposits are distinctive in that the deposition of an immiscible Fe-Ni-Cu sulfide melt occurs within a lava flow channel upon the palaeosurface. This

neg: Iron ore in Africa Egypt include: Deposits and production in Gabon include: Deposits and production in Ghana include: Deposits and production in Guinea include: Deposits and production in Liberia include: Deposits and production in Libya include: Deposits and production in Mali include: Deposits and production in Mauritania include: Deposits and production in Nigeria include: Deposits and production in Senegal include: Deposits and production in Sierra Leone include: Deposits and production include: Deposits and production include: Deposits and production in Uganda include: Deposits and production in Zimbabwe include: Iron ore in Africa Iron ore production in Africa is dominated by South Africa, Mauritania and Algeria;

neg: Vedanta Limited Liberia assets has confirmed a billion tonne of Iron Ore deposit last year with further multifold upside. Currently, they are reviewing the different phased options including the first phase of 2 million tons. Sesa Sterlite is largest private sector exporter of iron ore in India. Its subsidiary, Western Cluster Ltd is developing large iron ore deposits in Liberia. Their copper business is principally a custom smelting operation located in India and Australia. Our Indian operations include a smelter, refinery, phosphoric acid plant, sulphuric acid plant and copper rod plant at Thoothukudi in southern India. Sesa Sterlite owns 100% of the

neg: Singhbhum district indicates "land". This appears to be apt as more than 50% area of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. However, the lion is not found in these forests any more. Singhbhum is known for its iron ore deposits and it provides for the iron ore requirements of the IISCO steel plants located at Hirapur, Kulti and Burnpur. Singhbhum district Singhbhum was a district of India during the British Raj, part of the Chota Nagpur Division of the Bengal Presidency. It was located in the present-day Indian state of Jharkhand. Chaibasa was

neg: Iron mining in the United States large size of the Lake Superior deposits, and the access to cheap Great Lakes water transportation, enabled iron mining on a massive scale, located far from the iron furnaces. The Lake Superior iron ores, however, are located far from coal deposits, and the greater tonnage of coal required in steelmaking favored the location of furnaces closer to the coal mines. Favorable locations for steelworks using Lake Superior ore included Great Lakes ports such as Chicago, Cleveland, and Gary, as well as cities close to coal and with good water transportation, such as Pittsburgh. Although Lake Superior provides cheap shipping most

neg: Belinga Belinga Belinga is a location in Gabon with as yet unexploited iron ore deposits. These ore deposits extend into neighbouring Cameroon and Congo. The Belinga iron reserves were discovered in 1895. They are estimated to hold about one billion tons of iron ore. Iron ore mining was expected to start in 2011 but due to a lack of financing the project is currently on hold. Because of slowness in getting the project started, the Chinese rights may be in 2012 given to Australia's BHP Billiton. A 237 km long railway branch line is proposed branching from Booue to enable these

neg: El Laco The Kiruna magnetites in Sweden resemble the El Laco ones in terms of manganese and vanadium content, and their titanium content is comparably low. Other deposits of volcanic iron ore are the "Chilean iron belt", the Tertiary Cerro el Mercado deposit in Mexico, the Eocambrian Bafq district in Iran, and the Proterozoic Kiruna field in Sweden. Of these, Sierra Bandera in the Chilean iron belt may be another example of surface volcanic iron ore rather than subvolcanic ore as is commonly assumed of these deposits. The main rocks of the volcano are andesite and dacite, which contain biotite and pyroxene

neg: North China Craton indicated rifting and therefore fragmentation of a continent; copper, volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits (VMS ore deposits) and orogenic gold deposits indicated subduction and convergent tectonics, meaning amalgamation of continents. Therefore, the formation of a certain type of ore is restricted to a specific period and the minerals are formed in relation with tectonic events. Below the ore deposits are explained based on the period they were formed. All deposits in this period are found in greenstone belts, which is a belt full of metamorphic rocks. This is consistent with the active tectonic activity in the Neoarchean. Banded iron formations

neg: Kostanay Region Torgai. On the river Tobol are Verhnetobolsk, Karatomar and Amangeldy water basins. In Kostanay Region are more than 5 thousand lakes. Largest of them are located in Torgai dell - Kusmyryn, Sarymoin, Aksuat, Sarykopa. Woodland area 2,175 km² including 1,512 km² natural plantings. In connection with the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, much of the area was ploughed for wheat. The Kostanay Region is rich in minerals, especially iron ore (deposits of magnetite ores - Sokolovsk, Sarbaiskoe, Kachary and brown soolits iron ores - Ayatsk iron ore pool, Lisakovsk deposit). The total stock of magnetite's ores and hematite's makes 15,7 billion

neg: Iron ore ferruginous hardcaps, for instance laterite iron ore deposits near Lake Argyle in Western Australia. The total recoverable reserves of iron ore in India are about 9,602 million tonnes of hematite and 3,408 million tonnes of magnetite. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Odisha, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are the principal Indian producers of iron ore. World consumption of iron ore grows 10% per annum on average with the main consumers being China, Japan, Korea, the United States and the European Union. China is currently the largest consumer of iron ore, which translates to be the world's

neg: Yampi Sound since the 1970s. Yampi Sound Yampi Sound is a part of the Indian Ocean off the coast of northwestern Australia, located between King Sound and Collier Bay. The islands of the Buccaneer Archipelago, located in the sound, contain rich silver and iron ore deposits. The high grade iron ore deposits have been mined in the Sound since the 1950s. A copper mine also operated at Coppermine Creek on the mainland side of the sound. Many creeks discharge directly into the sound including Coppermine Creek, Crocodile Creek, Silvergull Creek and Dogleg Creek. The traditional owners of the areas around the sound

neg: Mbalam ore per year for 25 years. Mbalam Mbalam is a place in Cameroon near the southern border with the Republic of the Congo where there are significant deposits of iron ore. The mining company is Sundance Resources Limited. There are two other places in Cameroon with the same name. A 510 km railway connection to a deepwater port is required to exploit these ore deposits efficiently. Several routes were planned using Quantm software. The railway will start at an elevation of about 650m at the mine, proceed along a fairly level alignment for 350 km, drops steeply for 100 km

neg: Sheini minerals overseas. In July 2007 contracts were made for the construction of a railway extension to this village. Sheini Sheini is a village in Zabzugu-Tatale District in the Northern Region of Ghana. Sheini is located in eastern Ghana on the border with Togo. Sheini has unexploited deposits of iron ore. Exploration processes supervised by the Minerals Commission of Ghana are still ongoing. When completed iron ore is expected to surpass Gold as a primary source of revenue generated from the mining industry. Other minerals aside iron are being discovered also in huge quantities as contained in the first phase of

neg: Sheini Sheini Sheini is a village in Zabzugu-Tatale District in the Northern Region of Ghana. Sheini is located in eastern Ghana on the border with Togo. Sheini has unexploited deposits of iron ore. Exploration processes supervised by the Minerals Commission of Ghana are still ongoing. When completed iron ore is expected to surpass Gold as a primary source of revenue generated from the mining industry. Other minerals aside iron are being discovered also in huge quantities as contained in the first phase of the exploration report submitted to the Government. A railway to the coast would be required to export these

neg: Ore genesis spodumene or lepidolite within pegmatite. Carbonatite intrusions are an important source of these elements. Ore minerals are essentially part of the unusual mineralogy of carbonatite. Phosphate is used in fertilisers. Immense quantities of "phosphate rock" or phosphorite occur in sedimentary shelf deposits, ranging in age from the Proterozoic to currently forming environments. Phosphate deposits are thought to be sourced from the skeletons of dead sea creatures which accumulated on the seafloor. Similar to iron ore deposits and oil, particular conditions in the ocean and environment are thought to have contributed to these deposits within the geological past. Phosphate deposits are

neg: Nickel in nickel galena. Nickel is commonly found in iron meteorites as the alloys kamacite and taenite. The bulk of the nickel is mined from two types of ore deposits. The first is laterite, where the principal ore mineral mixtures are nickeliferous limonite, (Fe,Ni)O(OH), and garnierite (a mixture of various hydrous nickel and nickel-rich silicates). The second is magmatic sulfide deposits, where the principal ore mineral is pentlandite: . Australia and New Caledonia have the biggest estimate reserves (45% all together). Identified land-based resources throughout the world averaging 1% nickel or greater comprise at least 130 million tons of nickel (about

neg: Ruoutevare mine confirmed the deposit could be commercially exploited, mining 10 million tonnes of ore per year. Subsequent ground magnetic studies have revealed the possibility of significant increases to the quantity of iron ore at Ruoutevare, with the resource possibly containing up to 250 million tonnes of iron ore at grades of approximately 40% Ruoutevare mine The Ruoutevare Iron Deposit is one of the largest known unexploited iron ore deposits in Sweden. Located in Kvikkjokk in Norrbotten County, Lapland, the deposit was discovered in the early 1970s by the Geological Survey of Sweden and found to have between 116 and 123 million

neg: Marquette Iron Range Formation. The geology of the district consists of middle Precambrian rocks in the Animikie Group, which form a westward plunging syncline long and wide. The principal iron ore is found in the Negaunee Iron formation. This formation is thick near Negaunee. This is a magnetite or hematite chert. Natural ore deposits are located in synclines and up against mafic dikes. Beneficiation commenced in 1954 and this concentration of iron into pellets accounted for 73 percent of production by 1965. Early mining used open-pit mining methods, but was replaced with underground mining by 1880. The Marquette Iron Range was discovered in

neg: Geology of Vietnam coal, bauxite, base and precious metals, and a variety of industrial minerals. More than 5,000 mineral occurrences have been identified. Five broadly-defined metallogenic epochs have been recognised and, in general, the younger the setting the more abundant the deposits. Only a few are hosted by Precambrian rocks, principally iron, gold and graphite. The early to mid-Palaeozoic contains small deposits of iron ore, lead–zinc and large deposits of potash. Larger deposits of iron ore, ilmenite, gold, nickel–copper and bauxite were formed during the early Carboniferous/late Triassic. In the territory of Vietnam, more than 300 natural geothermal sources have been recorded and

neg: Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc ore deposits within the supergene zone. MVT and Irish type deposits are commonly associated with a 'dolomite front' alteration, which manifests as a yellow-cream wash of dolomite (calcium-magnesium carbonate) within calcite-aragonite assemblages of unaltered carbonate formations. Most ore bodies are quite sulfidic, and most are very low-iron, with pyrite-marcasite contents typically below 30% of the mass of sulfides. This makes MVT lead-zinc deposits particularly easy to treat from a metallurgical view. Some MVT deposits can, however, be very iron-rich and some sulfide replacement and alteration zones are associated with no lead-zinc at all, resulting in massive accumulations of pyrite-marcasite, which are essentially

neg: Channel-iron deposits 100m thick, with preserved channel widths of between 100m and >5 km. Mineralised channels are up to 150 kilometres in length, but not all of the preserved length of the CID is of ore grade. Channel iron systems typically form within a depression on the Cenozoic ‘Hamersley Surface’, and form several pods downstream on the palaeodrainage. The channels show typical fluvial sedimentary morphology, with channel scours truncating or incising the channel iron deposits, and rare examples of graded bedding, and so on. Individual ore deposits are subsets of a larger sub-economic mineralized system, which varies laterally and along the palaeodrainage.

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits named as IOCG, by discovery and study of the supergiant Olympic Dam copper-gold-uranium deposit, and South American examples. IOCG deposits are classified as separate to other large intrusive related copper deposits such as porphyry copper deposits and other porphyry metal deposits primarily by their substantial accumulations of iron oxide minerals, association with felsic-intermediate type intrusives (Na-Ca rich granitoids), and lack of the complex zonation in alteration mineral assemblies commonly associated with porphyry deposits. The relatively simple copper-gold +/- uranium ore assemblage is also distinct from the wide spectrum of Cu-Au-Ag-Mo-W-Bi porphyry deposits, and there is often no metal zonation within

neg: El Laco enigmatic origin. In total, there are four lava flows and two dykes, as well as a formation of uncertain nature. In addition to lava flow structures, pyroclastics containing iron ore are also found within the complex. The magmas formed within a magma chamber with a volume of about ; whether the iron-rich lavas are native magnetite lavas or were formed by hydrothermal processes acting on regular rock is under debate. After their discovery in 1958, these iron deposits have been mined. Similar deposits of volcanic iron ore exist in Australia, Chile, and Iran. El Laco is part of the Cordón

neg: Sierra Menera has rich iron ore deposits that were exploited since ancient Celtiberian, and later also during Roman times, well until the late 20th century. A 200 km long railway line was built by the "Compañía Minera de Sierra Menera S. A." in 1903 in order to bring the iron ore to the harbor of Sagunto. This was the longest private company-owned railway line in Europe. A blast furnace facility also belonging to the company was also located in Sagunto, where a pelletizing plant and a long jetty were built in the 1970s. The Sierra Menera range has been much scarred by

neg: Mining on the Brendon Hills fold couplet is itself offset by displacement of the rocks on the NNW-SSE aligned Timberscombe Fault System. Over the centuries they have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron is extracted for making steel. Where lodes of iron ore reached the surface they were worked using bell pits from Roman times. In the mid-nineteenth century, the proprietors of the Ebbw Vale Iron Works acquired an interest in iron ore deposits in the Brendon Hills. Iron ore had been known there for centuries but not exploited industrially until the Brendon Hills Iron Ore Company was formed in 1853. Initially

neg: Itakpe Itakpe Itakpe is a town in Kogi State, Nigeria. The Itakpe Hills in and around the town of Itakpe contain very pure deposits of iron ore. The National Iron Ore Mining Company is located here. It supplies the steel works of Ajaokuta and Aladja, as well as producing ore for export. NIOMCO Staff School is situated in Eika Camp,Itakpe. It comprises two blocks -Senior and Junior. They follow the British curriculum. English is the main language while French is the other language to learn. There are five main colonies- Koch,Clemessy,Soframines,Special Guest House and Camp 1. KOCH-This area is built by

neg: Lateritic nickel ore deposits and less risky from a technological point of view. However, they are somewhat limited in the types of ore which can be treated. A recent development in the extraction of nickel laterite ores is a particular grade of tropical deposits, typified by examples at Acoje in the Philippines, developed on ophiolite sequence ultramafics. This ore is so rich in limonite (generally grading 47% to 59% iron, 0.8 to 1.5% nickel and trace cobalt) that it is essentially similar to low-grade iron ore. As such, certain steel smelters in China have developed a process for blending nickel limonite ore with conventional

neg: Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits massive iron oxide deposits within faults or shears. The tremendous size, relatively simple metallurgy and relatively high grade of IOCG deposits can produce extremely profitable mines. Iron oxide copper-gold deposits are also often associated with other valuable trace elements such as uranium, bismuth and rare-earth metals, although these accessories are typically subordinate to copper and gold in economic terms. Some examples include the Olympic Dam, South Australia, and Candelaria, Chile, deposits. Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) deposits are considered to be metasomatic expressions of large crustal-scale alteration events driven by intrusive activity. The deposit type was first recognised, though not

neg: Whim Creek Copper Mine supergene oxide copper deposits and are primarily composed of weathered copper sulphide primary ores now present as a variety of copper carbonate minerals and secondary sulphides - primarily chalcocite - hosted within slate and conglomerate. The ore genesis model for the Whim Creek and Mons Cupri copper oxide deposits is that of a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit. The main ore zones are located within sedimentary units which lie above a rhyolite footwall and below an andesite hanging wall (the Comstock Andesite member). Ores were formed by sulphur-rich mineralising fluids carrying copper, zinc, lead, silver and iron exhaling onto the sea-floor

neg: Ruoutevare mine Ruoutevare mine The Ruoutevare Iron Deposit is one of the largest known unexploited iron ore deposits in Sweden. Located in Kvikkjokk in Norrbotten County, Lapland, the deposit was discovered in the early 1970s by the Geological Survey of Sweden and found to have between 116 and 123 million tonnes of iron ore. In 2008 Beowulf Mining announced a maiden JORC compliant resource estimate for Ruoutevare with an inferred mineral resource estimate of 140 million tonnes of iron ore at a grade of 39.1%, with 5.7% titanium and 0.2% Vanadium An independent conceptual study in 2010 by the Raw Materials Group

neg: Ore dock steel chutes. These chutes project out over the water at a slight angle from the sides of the docks. The hinged chutes, which are lowered to drop ore from the pockets into ships, are located at twelve-foot intervals over the length of the dock. This spacing is not coincidental, as the docks and the lakers they could load evolved together, and laker hatch spacing is typically 12, or on center. Since the late 1800s, ore docks have been a common sight in many Lake Superior ports of Minnesota, Wisconsin and especially Michigan. Rich iron ore deposits were first discovered in

neg: Yilgarn Craton or road to Perth, Fremantle, Esperance, Albany or Geraldton. Iron ore is currently recovered from several areas in the Yilgarn Craton, although it is a much smaller set of mines than those in the Pilbara Craton. Iron ore is mined at Koolyanobbing, north of Kalgoorlie from hematite weathered banded iron formation (BIF), at Mount Gibson, Weld Range and Jack Hills in the Western Gneiss Terrane from hematised BIF to produce direct-shipping ore. The Karara Iron Ore Project is the only operational magnetite mine in the Yilgarn Craton, however, other magnetite iron ore deposits are being investigated as a source of

neg: Iron ore in the table aside. The major constraint to economics for iron ore deposits is not necessarily the grade or size of the deposits, because it is not particularly hard to geologically prove enough tonnage of the rocks exist. The main constraint is the position of the iron ore relative to market, the cost of rail infrastructure to get it to market and the energy cost required to do so. Mining iron ore is a high volume low margin business, as the value of iron is significantly lower than base metals. It is highly capital intensive, and requires significant investment in

neg: Iron ore is bound in silicate or more rarely carbonate minerals. The thermodynamic barriers to separating pure iron from these minerals are formidable and energy intensive, therefore all sources of iron used by human industry exploit comparatively rarer iron oxide minerals, primarily hematite. Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely available goethite or bog ore, for example during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Prehistoric societies used laterite as a source of iron ore. Historically, much of the iron ore utilized by industrialized societies has been mined from predominantly hematite deposits with grades of around 70% Fe.

neg: Geology of Ukraine geologic past, much of Ukraine was covered with glaciers with the exception of areas around the Sea of Azov and Black Sea which were flooded during the time period. The Proterozoic Ukrainian Shield hosts iron ore deposits in the Krivorozhsky Basin, while iron ore is also found in the Neogene Prichernomorian Depression. Manganese ores are known from Oligocene rocks in the south slope of the Ukrainian shield and titanium is found in magmatic and alluvial deposits. Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, cobalt and chromium occur on the shield as well. Mercury deposits in the Donets Basin are hosted in Carboniferous sandstones

neg: History of the iron and steel industry in the United States ore deposits favored larger, more permanent iron smelters. Most US iron smelting before 1850 took place near iron deposits in eastern Pennsylvania, New York, and northern New Jersey. New Jersey's principal iron ore district, at Dover, supported iron smelters beginning in 1710. The Cornwall Iron Furnace in Pennsylvania was established next to an iron deposit. The Adirondack iron ore district of New York also supported iron smelters. The movement away from charcoal in US iron smelting began in 1827, when a puddling furnace in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania started using anthracite coal. Blast furnaces continued to use only charcoal until about 1840,

neg: Yilgarn Iron Producers Association Yilgarn Iron Producers Association The Yilgarn Iron Produces Association is a consortium of 11 iron ore companies (9 listed) who seek to cooperatively develop rail and port infrastructure to enable their ore deposits to be exploited. The Yilgarn zone is located about north of Leonora, itself north of Kalgoorlie. The port of Esperance is located about to the south of Kalgoorlie. A medium strength standard gauge railway connects Leonora and Esperence, and this would have to be upgraded with heavier rail and additional crossing loops to handle the envisage heavier traffic. Rail extensions from Leonora to the various mines would

neg: Mbalam Mbalam Mbalam is a place in Cameroon near the southern border with the Republic of the Congo where there are significant deposits of iron ore. The mining company is Sundance Resources Limited. There are two other places in Cameroon with the same name. A 510 km railway connection to a deepwater port is required to exploit these ore deposits efficiently. Several routes were planned using Quantm software. The railway will start at an elevation of about 650m at the mine, proceed along a fairly level alignment for 350 km, drops steeply for 100 km down to the coastal plain, then

neg: Ore genesis accumulation of hematite gravels called "pisolites" which form channel-iron deposits. These are preferred because they are cheap to mine. Lead-zinc deposits are generally accompanied by silver, hosted within the lead sulfide mineral galena or within the zinc sulfide mineral sphalerite. Lead and zinc deposits are formed by discharge of deep sedimentary brine onto the sea floor (termed "sedimentary exhalative" or SEDEX), or by replacement of limestone, in skarn deposits, some associated with submarine volcanoes (called volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or VMS), or in the aureole of subvolcanic intrusions of granite. The vast majority of SEDEX lead and zinc deposits

neg: Iron County MRA water. The terrain is generally hilly, with multiple moraines and small lakes, which overlay the iron ore deposits of the Menominee range. There are eight main population centers in Iron County, five on the west side of the county and three on the east. The west-side communities are Iron River, Stambaugh, Caspian, Gaastra, and Mineral Hills. These communities are all relatively closely located along the Iron River, and indeed both Stambaugh and Mineral Hills were merged into Iron River in 2000. The east side communities are Crystal Falls, the county seat; Alpha, six miles away; and Amasa, sixteen miles away.

neg: Iron mining in the United States supply. Numerous small iron mines supplied iron furnaces scattered throughout the colonies in the 1700s. Bog iron ore common around the Chesapeake Bay fed numerous iron furnaces in Maryland and Virginia set up to export to Britain. Although the bog iron ores mined in colonial days were widespread, the deposits were also small, and quickly exhausted. In the late 1700s the iron furnaces moved away from the bog iron ore of the coastal swamps, to larger iron ore deposits further inland. Inland locations also allowed the furnaces to be closer to sources of limestone, which was used as a flux

neg: Abaza (town) is played in Abaza. Abaza (town) Abaza (; Khakas: ) is a town in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia, located on the Abakan River south of Abakan. Population: It was founded in 1856 and developed on the strength of iron ore deposits; the extraction industry is still important to the local economy. The metallurgical plant was in operation until 1926. The settlement serving the plant was known as Abaza, an abbreviation of Abakan and Zavod (plant). The extraction work of iron ore is carried out at a mine 5 km from the city. Iron ore is sent to Novokuznetsk metallurgical

neg: Abaza (town) Abaza (town) Abaza (; Khakas: ) is a town in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia, located on the Abakan River south of Abakan. Population: It was founded in 1856 and developed on the strength of iron ore deposits; the extraction industry is still important to the local economy. The metallurgical plant was in operation until 1926. The settlement serving the plant was known as Abaza, an abbreviation of Abakan and Zavod (plant). The extraction work of iron ore is carried out at a mine 5 km from the city. Iron ore is sent to Novokuznetsk metallurgical enterprises. Abaza was granted

neg: Goldsworthy, Western Australia Goldsworthy, Western Australia Goldsworthy (named after the geographical feature Mount Goldsworthy) is a former mining town in Western Australia east of Port Hedland and located in the Shire of East Pilbara. It was the first iron ore mine in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. The explorer Francis Thomas Gregory reported seeing iron ore in the region during his Pilbara explorations in late 1861 and the Government Geologist H.P. Woodward confirmed the discovery of iron ore there in 1890. In 1919 Government Geologist Andrew Gibb Maitland confirmed these deposits but at the time mining them was not an economically viable

neg: Vedanta Limited Indian iron ore operations were affected by a suspension of iron ore mining activities across the states of Goa and Karnataka. The Honourable Supreme Court allowed resumption of Karnataka mine in April, 13 subject to statutory clearances. Subsequent to receiving all the approvals they have started mining in Karnataka from 28 December, 13. In 2011, Sesa Goa limited had acquired iron ore assets in Liberia, with around 1 billion in reserves and resources across three deposits - Bomi Hills, Bea Mountain and Mano River, located at a distance of 70-140 kilometers from the port at Monrovia. Extensive drilling at our

neg: Ore genesis be formed by multiple processes, and this is described here under each metal or metal complex. Iron ores are overwhelmingly derived from ancient sediments known as "banded iron formations" (BIFs). These sediments are composed of iron oxide minerals deposited on the sea floor. Particular environmental conditions are needed to transport enough iron in sea water to form these deposits, such as acidic and oxygen-poor atmospheres within the Proterozoic Era. Often, more recent weathering is required to convert the usual magnetite minerals into more easily processed hematite. Some iron deposits within the Pilbara of West Australia are "placer deposits", formed by

neg: Mesabi Range Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located in northeast Minnesota, largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It was extensively worked in the earlier part of the 20th century. Extraction operations declined throughout the mid-1970s but rebounded in 2005. China's growing demand for iron, along with the falling value of the U.S. dollar

neg: Mesabi Range Mesabi Iron Range . . . Bethlehem of the Troubadour Kid" (referring to Bob Dylan – see above). Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located in northeast Minnesota, largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It was extensively worked in the earlier part of the 20th century. Extraction operations declined throughout the mid-1970s

neg: Woodstock Iron Works Woodstock Iron Works The Woodstock Iron Works ran from 1848 to 1884 and was located in what is now Upper Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada. In its prime, the iron ore that came from the works was thought to be some of the highest quality ore. The Iron works was closed in 1884 due to increased competition from the United States. While there were suggestions that settlers around the Woodstock area had recognized iron deposits in the surrounding landscape in approximately 1820, it was not until sixteen years later in 1836 that Dr. Jackson of Boston, who was on a geological

neg: Woodstock Iron Works between its opening in 1848 and its closure in 1884. Woodstock Iron Works The Woodstock Iron Works ran from 1848 to 1884 and was located in what is now Upper Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada. In its prime, the iron ore that came from the works was thought to be some of the highest quality ore. The Iron works was closed in 1884 due to increased competition from the United States. While there were suggestions that settlers around the Woodstock area had recognized iron deposits in the surrounding landscape in approximately 1820, it was not until sixteen years later in 1836

neg: Geology of Belarus of low intensity. Another granulite massif is the triangular Vitebsk Massif which has a composition is similar to that of the Braguin Massif. In northernmost Belarus, the Latvian Saddle is about 200 by 150 kilometers wide, separating the Baltic and the Moscow Synclines. The depth of the ridge is about 0.6 kilometers. There are large iron deposits in the basement rocks. For example, in the Novoselki deposits there are about 26% iron deposits at a depth of about 150 m. The Okolova has iron deposits of about 35% at a depth of about 260 meters. High volume iron ore reserves

neg: Dnipropetrovsk Oblast mining and the steel industry. It is arguably the main iron ore region of Eastern Europe. Named after the city of Kryvyi Rih, the region occupies the southwestern part of the Dnipropetrovsk, as well as a small neighboring part of the Kirovohrad Oblast. The region possesses major deposits of iron ore and some other metallurgical ores. To exploit them, several large mining companies were founded here in the middle of the 20th century. Most of them are located in Kryvyi Rih itself, which is the longest city in Europe. At the beginning of the 15th century, Tatar tribes inhabiting the

neg: Channel-iron deposits Fossilised wood fragments are present but are usually extremely rare and of very small size (<50 mm). The goethite pisolites are cemented via a variety of agents, usually a mixture of goethite, clays, carbonate minerals (magnesite, calcite and sometimes siderite), and occasionally silica. This process may form an in-situ concretion of pisolites which may be very resistant to erosion - some mesas in the Pilbara, and Yilgarn are in fact old cemented ferruginous pisolite river gravels. Channel iron deposits are an important source of iron ore, with the deposits at Yandi and Robe River accounting for approximately 47% of iron

neg: Schefferville year, in order to produce 10 million tonnes per year of concentrate and pellets for a minimum of 20 years. Mining production began in 2011. The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach owns 20% of the LabMag Iron Ore Project. In addition, Anglesey Mining had applied for final operational permits on its former Iron Ore Company of Canada deposits. Production was scheduled to start during late summer 2010, with output rising to two or three million tons of ore a year by 2012 before further deposits are developed. Innu protesters blocked access to Schefferville in July 2010. They delayed the start of

neg: Exploration geophysics iron ore deposits, skarn deposits and salt diapirs which can form oil and gas traps. Electromagnetic (EM) surveys can be used to help detect a wide variety of mineral deposits, especially base metal sulphides via detection of conductivity anomalies which can be generated around sulphide bodies in the subsurface. EM surveys are also used in diamond exploration (where the kimberlite pipes tend to have lower resistance than enclosing rocks), graphite exploration, palaeochannel-hosted uranium deposits (which are associated with shallow aquifers, which often respond to EM surveys in conductive overburden). These are indirect inferential methods of detecting mineralisation, as the commodity

neg: Vermilion Range (Minnesota) mining. This method produced ore at a significantly reduced cost. Once proven successful, the technical change resulted in Minnesota's iron industry centering on the Mesabi Range, where the taconite was much easier to access. Vermilion Range (Minnesota) The Vermilion Range exists between Tower and Ely, Minnesota, and contains significant deposits of iron ore. Together with the Mesabi and Cuyuna Ranges, these three constitute the Iron Ranges of northern Minnesota; they were deposited in the Animikie Group. While the Mesabi Range had iron ore close enough to the surface to enable pit mining, mines had to be dug deep underground to

neg: Konrad mine Konrad mine The pit Konrad (Schacht Konrad) is a former iron ore mine proposed as a deep geological repository for medium- and low level radioactive waste in the city Salzgitter in the Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. It has two shafts: Konrad I and Konrad II. The iron ore deposits have been mined since the start of the industrialization in the Salzgitter area. The first activities began in 1867. The shaft Konrad is the youngest of the former iron ore mines in this region. It has two shafts, of which Schacht Konrad

neg: Kaunisvaara shed new light on the timeline of deglaciation and human settlement in northern Europe. Kaunisvaara Kaunisvaara is a village in northern Sweden, in Pajala Municipality, 100 km north of the Arctic Circle. There are large magnetite (iron ore) deposits in this area; Northland Resources began constructing the first mine in December 2011. Ore production was expected to begin in 2012, with annual iron ore production reaching 12 million tonnes by 2014. Reserves are estimated at 176 million tonnes. The mine went bankrupt in October 2014 because of low iron ore prices and high debts. In 2009, archaeologists commissioned by Northland

neg: Kaunisvaara Kaunisvaara Kaunisvaara is a village in northern Sweden, in Pajala Municipality, 100 km north of the Arctic Circle. There are large magnetite (iron ore) deposits in this area; Northland Resources began constructing the first mine in December 2011. Ore production was expected to begin in 2012, with annual iron ore production reaching 12 million tonnes by 2014. Reserves are estimated at 176 million tonnes. The mine went bankrupt in October 2014 because of low iron ore prices and high debts. In 2009, archaeologists commissioned by Northland Resources found evidence of stone-age settlements, dated to 9300BCE, in the area; this has

neg: Channel-iron deposits at Pannawonnica and Robe River, in the Pilbara of Western Australia, which are currently mined by Rio Tinto Iron Ore. Channel iron deposits are rarer outside of the West Australian landmass, due to the relative youth of the regolith in the rest of the continental land masses, although there are smaller examples in Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan deposits are Oligocene in age and occur as ooidal ironstone deposits of deltaic or fluvial origin in the north-eastern continental sediments of northern Turgai and Aral'sk Districts. They occur on valleys excavated from uplifted Paleogene marine strata during subtropical conditions in the Late Oligocene.

neg: Kryvbas Kryvbas Kryvbas (, full name Kryvorizkyi Iron Ore Basin, ) is an important economic region in central Ukraine, specializing in iron ore mining and the steel industry. It is arguably the main iron ore region of Eastern Europe. Named after the city of Kryvyi Rih, the region occupies the southwestern part of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, as well as a small neighbouring part of the Kirovohrad Oblast. The region has major deposits of iron ore and some other metallurgical ores. To exploit them, several large mining companies were founded there in the middle of the 20th century. Most of them are

neg: Iron-oxidizing bacteria with a simultaneous oxidation of carbon, organic material dissolved in water is often the underlying cause of iron-metabolizing bacteria populations. Groundwater may be naturally de-oxygenated by decaying vegetation in swamps; and useful mineral deposits of bog iron ore have formed where that groundwater has historically emerged to be exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Anthropogenic sources like landfill leachate, septic drain fields, or leakage of light petroleum fuels like gasoline are other possible sources of organic materials allowing soil microbes to de-oxygenate groundwater. A similar reversible reaction may form black deposits of manganese dioxide from dissolved manganese, but is less common because

neg: Morawa, Western Australia with the Banded Ironstone Formation rocks that are targeted for iron ore mining. 5.1 million tonnes of haematite iron ore was taken from the Koolanooka Hills mine between 1966 and 1974. Due to renewed international demand for iron ore, and dramatic increases in prices being paid, the iron ore deposits around Morawa have attracted interest from junior mining companies such as Midwest Corp., Mount Gibson Mining, Gindalbie Metals and Red River Resources. Midwest Corp has spent several million dollars on infrastructure including roadworks to, and weighbridge facilities at, Koolanooka Mine. It is currently (May 2006) trucking haematite fines (<6 millimetres

neg: Iron Mountain District highs as a skarn, a replacement of existing carbonate rock material with high-grade iron ore, mostly in the form of high-grade (>50%Fe in places) magnetite, but also locally hematite. Minor pyrite is also present. Hot fluids are sourced from mid-Tertiary intrusions, which core all three areas. Major areas of iron deposits and their associated mines/pits/ore bodies include: Iron Mountain District The Iron Mountain District, also known as the Iron Springs District, is a large, high-grade iron deposit in southwestern Utah, near Cedar City. It is currently in care and maintenance status (not actively producing iron ore) by CML Metals Corporation,

neg: Labrador of the largest iron ore deposits in the world were discovered in the western part of Labrador and adjacent areas of Quebec. Deposits at Mont Wright, Schefferville, Labrador City, and Wabush drove industrial development and human settlement in the area during the second half of the 20th century. The present community of Labrador West is entirely a result of the iron ore mining activities in the region. The Iron Ore Company of Canada operates the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway to transport ore concentrate 578 kilometres (359 miles) south to the port of Sept-Îles, Quebec, for shipment to steel

neg: Natural Resources of Azerbaijan sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks. Industry reserves of the Dashkasen iron ore group deposits are 250mln tons. The significant industrial cobalt ores is placed in the Dashkasek ore region. The cobalt ores are formed both independently (with the Yukhari Dashkasan field) and together with skarn-magnetite ores. The gold deposits and manifestations are mainly found in the territory of the Lesser Caucasus: Söyüdü, Qızılbulaq, Dağ Qəsəmən, Veynəli, Qoşa, Gədəbəy, Çovdar; Shekerdere, Pyezbashi, Agyurt and Baskand deposits are spread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The silver, copper, etc. mixtures are also can be found in these deposits. At present, numerous manifestations of gold have been

neg: South Pass greenstone belt Museum of Natural History that was recovered from Rock Creek along the western flank of the greenstone belt. In addition to gold, significant iron ore deposits were found along the northern edge of the South Pass greenstone belt. Some minor copper, silver, tungsten, asbestos, beryl (aquamarine), ruby including a diamond have also been reported within the region. Development of the large taconite (iron ore) deposits in the 1950s led to the opening of the Atlantic City iron mine, which produced more than 90 million tons of iron ore between 1962 and 1983 from banded iron formation in the Goldman Meadows