query: when was the indian act passed in canada

pos: Indian Act Indian Act The Indian Act ("An Act respecting Indians", ), (the "Act") is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document which defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members. Throughout its long history the "Act" has been an ongoing subject of controversy and has been interpreted in different ways by both Aboriginal Canadians and non-Aboriginal Canadians. The legislation has been amended many times, including "over

pos: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada the government of Great Britain to the Province of Canada and the responsibility for Indian Affairs was given to the Crown Lands Department Commissions Responsible for Indian Affairs. The federal government's legislative responsibilities for Indians and Inuit derive from section 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867 and responsibility was given to the Secretary of State for the Provinces Responsible for Indian Affairs. In 1876, the Indian Act, which remains the major expression of federal jurisdiction in this area, was passed and a series of treaties were concluded between Canada and the various Indian bands across the country. The responsibility for

pos: Indian Act Act" replaced any laws on the topic passed by a local legislature before a province joined Canadian Confederation, creating a definitive national policy on the subject. The "Act" is not a treaty; it is Canada's legal response to the treaties. Nevertheless, its unilateral nature, imposed on indigenous peoples by the Canadian government in contrast to the treaties, is itself a source of discontent among Native peoples in Canada. The "Indian Act" was first passed in 1876 as a consolidation of various laws concerning indigenous peoples enacted by the separate colonies of British North America prior to Canadian Confederation, most notably

pos: Indian Act of a clause forbidding Indians to be drunk off the reserve with the Bill of Rights. The case is remembered for having been one of the few in which the Bill of Rights prevailed in application to Indian rights. In "Corbiere v. Canada" (1999), voting rights on reserves were extended under Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Indian Act The Indian Act ("An Act respecting Indians", ), (the "Act") is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. First passed in 1876 and still in force with

pos: Indigenous peoples in Canada to the provinces) the sole responsibility for "Indians, and Lands reserved for the Indians". The government inherited treaty obligations from the British colonial authorities in Eastern Canada and signed treaties itself with First Nations in Western Canada (the Numbered Treaties). It also passed the "Indian Act" in 1876 which governed its interactions with all treaty and non-treaty peoples. Members of First Nations bands that are subject to the Indian Act with the Crown are compiled on a list called the Indian Register, and such people are called "Status Indians". Many non-treaty First Nations and all Inuit and Métis peoples are

pos: Indigenous peoples in Canada grows and rivers flow." The Indian Act is federal legislation that dates from 1876. There have been over 20 major changes made to the original Act since then, the last time being in 1951; amended in 1985 with Bill C-31. The Indian Act indicates how Reserves and Bands can operate and defines who is recognized as an "Indian". In 1985, the Canadian Parliament passed Bill C-31, "An Act to Amend the Indian Act". Because of a Constitutional requirement, the Bill took effect on April 17, 1985. Those people accepted into band membership under band rules may not be status Indians.

pos: Mi'kmaq traditional senior level of government for the Mi'kmaq people until Canada passed the Indian Act (1876) to require First Nations to establish representative elected governments. After implementation of the Indian Act, the Grand Council took on a more spiritual function. The Grand Council was made up of chiefs of the seven district councils of Mi'kma'ki. On September 26, 2011 the Government of Canada announced the recognition of Canada's newest Mi'kmaq First Nations band, the Qalipu First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador. The new band, which is landless, had accepted 25,000 applications to become part of the band by October 2012

pos: Settler 1788-1868). In the figurative usage, a "person who goes first or does something first" also applies to the American English use of "pioneer" to refer to a settler—a person who has migrated to a less occupied area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area; as first recorded in English in 1605. In United States history it refers to those people who helped to settle new lands. In Canada, the Indian Act, passed in 1876, created a fundamental division between First Nations peoples and all others, who are termed Settlers. As the Indian Act is still in force,

pos: Squamish people went on between the Squamish and Fort Langley. In 1858–59 the Fraser Gold Rush brought in more foreign settlers to the territory, but major settlement did not begin until after the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, bringing more foreigners from eastern Canada. During construction of the railway, the treaty process by the Canadian government attempted to settle land issues across the Prairies. The Squamish were the subject of intensive missionary efforts and the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia described the Squamish as "almost entirely Catholic". In 1876 the Indian Act was passed and the Joint Indian Reserve Commission, cordoned off plots of

neg: Indian Act the "Gradual Civilization Act" passed by the Parliament of the Province of Canada in 1857 and the "Gradual Enfranchisement Act" of 1869. The "Indian Act" was passed by the Parliament of Canada under the provisions of Section 91(24) of the "Constitution Act, 1867", which provides Canada's federal government exclusive authority to govern in relation to "Indians and Lands Reserved for Indians". It was an attempt to codify rights promised to Native peoples by British King George III in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, while at the same time enforcing Euro-Canadian standards of "civilization". The purpose of the act, as stated

neg: Gradual Civilization Act Gradual Civilization Act The Act to Encourage the Gradual Civilization of Indian Tribes in this Province, and to Amend the Laws Relating to Indians (commonly known as the Gradual Civilization Act) was a bill passed by the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada in 1857. The statute built on the "Act for the Protection of the Indians in Upper Canada" passed in 1839, but required the "enfranchisement" of any recognized male Indian (indigenous person) over the age of 21 "able to speak, read and write either English or the French language readily and well, and is sufficiently advanced in

neg: Canada Consumer Product Safety Act Canada Consumer Product Safety Act The Canada Consumer Product Safety Act was a Canadian act that passed into law by the Government of Canada on December 14, 2010. This law replaced Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. It was originally introduced in the 2nd session of the 39th Parliament of Canada as Bill C-52. It died in committee when the 2008 Canadian federal election was called, but was reintroduced in the 2nd session of the 40th Parliament of Canada as Bill C-6 and was passed by both houses of Parliament but did not receive royal assent before Parliament was

neg: Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners The Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners, which was passed on March 7, 1852 in the Utah Territory, dealt with Indian slavery. A similar law, the Act in Relation to Service, which had made slavery legal in the territory, had been passed on Feb 4, 1852. Although illegal throughout Mexico, the Indian slave trade was well established when the Mormon pioneers arrived in Utah. At the encouragement of Mormon leaders, the Mormon pioneers began buying Indians slaves. They also acquired other prisoners through wars such as Battle at

neg: Work and labour organization in Upper Canada “Combination Act” of 1799 made labour unions “criminal conspiracies,” illegal until 1825, when the Act was finally repealed. Some have argued that the Combination Act never applied in Upper Canada; English criminal law applied in Upper Canada because the House of Assembly accepted all English criminal statutes as of 17 September 1792, seven years before the Combination Act was passed. However, other acts passed after the reception date were subsequently accepted as law. If the Combination Act was taken as received, its repeal in 1825 was a separate issue again. As the matter was never settled in the higher courts

neg: First Nations Governance Act First Nations Governance Act The First Nations Governance Act was a legislative initiative proposed by the government of Canada in 2002 to reform the country's Indian Act. Introduced by Robert Nault, then the minister of Indian affairs, it was met with opposition from several indigenous groups and, despite its name, was never passed into law. Chrétien's successor, Paul Martin, abandoned the legislation shortly after he assumed office in 2003. The act would have introduced a framework for First Nations to design new codes for elections, financial management, and administration. It would have also brought bands under the Canadian Human Rights

neg: Potlatch ban Potlatch ban The potlatch ban was legislation forbidding the practice of the potlatch passed by the Government of Canada, begun in 1885 and lasting until 1951. First Nations saw the law as an instrument of intolerance and injustice. "Second only to the taking of land without extinguishing Indian title; the outlawing of the potlatch can be seen as the extreme to which Euro-Canadian society used its dominance against its aboriginal subjects in British Columbia." Though often ignored and circumvented, the ban remained in Canadian legal codes until 1951, when Section 149 was deleted from a revision of the "Indian Act".

neg: Act in Relation to Service the following month the legislature passed a similar law specific to Indian slavery, with increased educational requirements for Indian slaves over African slaves. The requirement for ownership was also considerable less, with Indian slaves only having to be in possession of white person. Utah is unique in that it had an active enslavement of both Africans and Indians. The slavery portion of the act was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories. The anti-miscegenation portion remained in effect until 1963. Act in Relation to Service The Act in Relation to Service, which was passed

neg: United States v. Ramsey (1926) then purchased 1,470,559 acres of land in the Indian Territory from the Cherokee Nation. The land was not suited for farming, but had abundant game. In 1890 when Congress passed the Oklahoma Organic Act forming both the Oklahoma and Indian territories, the Osage Indian Reservation was part of the Oklahoma Territory. In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act, which served to break up reservations and allot the land to tribal members. The act did not apply to the Five Civilized Tribes or other tribes in the Indian territory nor to the Osage tribe in the Oklahoma territory. In 1898 the

neg: Indian Country Jurisdiction Mountains. The proclamation forbade the British colonists from moving beyond the proclamation line into Indian Territory. Important legislations passed by the United States Congress in early United States history were the Indian Intercourse Acts. They were passed in 1780, and then they expired and were renewed every two years until 1802, when permanent legislation was passed. The final Indian Intercourse Act was passed in 1834. These acts did many things, including regulating relations between Indians and non-Indians living on Indian land and defining "Indian Country." After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States began to extensively negotiate with the

neg: Indian termination policy and 220 local corporations. U.S. citizens with one-fourth (equivalent to one grandparent) or more Alaska Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut blood living when the Act was passed were considered Native American, and were qualified to participate in receiving dividends from oil production. Natives could register with their village or, if they chose not to enroll with their village, could become "at large" shareholders of the regional corporation. (Note: The Tsimshian Indians of the Annette Island Reserve of Metlakatla had been granted a reserve from Congress after emigrating from Canada; they were exempt from ANCSA.) Each registered member of the village corporations

neg: Better Farming Train (Saskatchewan) Better Farming Train (Saskatchewan) The Better Farming Train was an agriculture demonstration train which toured Saskatchewan, Canada, between 1914 and 1922. The idea of special trains to promote better agricultural practices was developed in Canada in the early years of the 20th century. In 1904, special trains brought farmers to the Dominion Experimental Farm in Indian Head to demonstrate farming techniques. In 1906, a Special Seed Train ran throughout the Canadian Prairies to advertise the Seed Act and warn of the dangers of weeds. In 1913, the Government of Canada passed the Agricultural Instruction Act "to assist the provinces by

neg: Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners Many of them tried to escape. On the following day, March 8, 1852, the Act in relation to the assembling of Indians was passed, which prohibited the assembling of Indians near white settlements. Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners The Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners, which was passed on March 7, 1852 in the Utah Territory, dealt with Indian slavery. A similar law, the Act in Relation to Service, which had made slavery legal in the territory, had been passed on Feb 4, 1852. Although illegal throughout Mexico, the Indian slave trade was

neg: Canada Consumer Product Safety Act of these products. For example, Health Canada posted just over 300 recall notices in 2009. Roughly one third of these were for children's products. In 2009, about 1.5 million consumers were affected by crib recalls alone. Canada Consumer Product Safety Act The Canada Consumer Product Safety Act was a Canadian act that passed into law by the Government of Canada on December 14, 2010. This law replaced Part I of the Hazardous Products Act. It was originally introduced in the 2nd session of the 39th Parliament of Canada as Bill C-52. It died in committee when the 2008 Canadian federal

neg: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada Indian Affairs and Northern Development rested with various government departments between 1873 and 1966. The Minister of the Interior also held the position of Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs after the Indian Affairs Department was established in 1880. In 1939, federal jurisdiction for Indian peoples was interpreted by the courts to apply to the Inuit. A revised Indian Act was passed in 1951. From 1950 to 1965, the Indian Affairs portfolio was carried by the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. On October 1, 1966, the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development was created as a result of the Government Organization

neg: Mary Two-Axe Earley children). Also in 1968, Mary had created the "Equal Rights for Native Women" association to advocate for gender equality under the Indian Act, this organization went on to help form The Indian Rights for Native Women Association. On June 28, 1985, about 20 years after Mary began her activism, the Federal Government of Canada passed Bill C-31, which amended the Indian Act and brought it into accord with the equality provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Bill C-31 removed the long-standing gender discrimination policy endured by First Nations women by restoring Indian status and membership rights to

neg: Medicare (Canada) funded system was originally led by Premier Tommy Douglas and implemented by Woodrow Stanley Lloyd, who became premier of the province when Douglas resigned to become the leader of the new federal New Democratic Party. Although Saskatchewan is often credited with the birth of public health care funding in Canada, the federal legislation itself was actually drafted (and first proposed to parliament) by Allan MacEachen, a Liberal MP from Cape Breton. In 1984, the Canada Health Act was passed, amalgamating the 1966 Medical Care Act and the 1957 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act. The Canada Health Act affirmed and

neg: Indian Act status in a variety of ways including the following: These provisions interfered with the matrilineal cultures of many First Nations, whereby children were born to the mother's clan and people, and gained their status in the tribe from her family. Often property and hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line. In "Attorney General of Canada v. Lavell" (1974), these laws were upheld despite arguments made under the Canadian Bill of Rights. The "Indian Act" was amended in 1985 (Bill C-31) to restore status to people who had lost it in one of these ways, and to their children. Bonita Lawrence

neg: Johnson–O'Malley Act Johnson–O'Malley Act The Johnson–O'Malley Act was law of the United States Congress passed on April 16, 1934, to subsidize education, medical attention, and other services provided by states to Native Americans, especially those not living on reservations. It was effective only in Minnesota. The act was part of the Indian New Deal of the 1930s to help offset costs of tax-exempt Indians making use of public schools, hospitals, and other services. This was a time in Indian-white relations when "Indian reformers attempted to reduce the grip the Bureau of Indian Affairs held on virtually every aspect of the lives of

neg: Federal Indian Policy Alaskans giving up their claim to the land. The act also allowed the Alaskan tribe to have freedom from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In the 1960s, there were many acts passed, geared to helping the Indian tribes. Indian tribes benefited greatly from these because it gave them rights within both the tribal and federal government. In 1968, the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 was passed. It recognized the Indian tribes as sovereign nations with the federal government. In the 1970s, one of the most significant pieces of legislation passed through Congress. The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

neg: British North America Acts over the constitution was not achieved until the passage of the Canada Act 1982. This long delay was in large part due to the inability to agree upon a procedure for making constitutional amendments that was acceptable to all of the provinces, in particular the Province of Quebec. Because of this, all British North America Acts dated before 1949 were passed by the British Parliament, while some of those dated after 1949 were passed by the Canadian Parliament. When Canada patriated its constitution with the passage of the Canada Act of 1982, the existing British North America Acts were either

neg: Indian reservation Reservation system started with “the Royal Proclamation of 1763, where Great Britain set aside an enormous resource for Indians in the territory of the presently United States.” Another act put forward by America was when “Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830.” A third act pushed through was “the federal government relocated “portions of [the] ‘Five Civilized Tribes’ from the southeastern states in the Non-Intercourse Act of 1834.” The Indigenous Reservation system in the United States of America began in 1763 with the Royal Proclamation set by Great Britain, the “Indian Removal Act of 1830” and the “Non-Intercourse act

neg: Copyright Act of Canada were increased, and the 1997 reforms introduced a mandatory review of the "Copyright Act". In June 2005, the Government of Canada introduced Bill C-60 to amend the "Copyright Act". Bill C-60 sought to extend moral rights to performers of other people's works and repeal the photographer exception allowing people to gain de facto authorship of anything they photograph. The bill also proposed to make circumventing rights management schemes an offence, but mostly when done for the purpose of violating another right. The bill was never passed into law as Parliament was dissolved after a motion of non-confidence was passed in

neg: Indian Contract Act, 1872 is appointed by an agent for participate on behalf of his work. When an agent's authority is terminated, it operates as a termination of subagent also. (Section 210). Pollock & Mulla, The Indian Contract & Specific Relief Acts, LexisNexis Indian Contract Act, 1872 The Indian Contract Act, 1872 prescribes the law relating to contracts in India. The Act was passed by British India and is based on the principles of English Common Law. It is applicable to all the states of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It determines the circumstances in which promises made by the parties

neg: Institutional racism upon all Chinese people immigrating to Canada. When the 1885 act failed to deter Chinese immigration, the Canadian government then passed the Chinese Immigration Act, 1900, increasing the head tax to $100, and, upon that act failing, passed the Chinese Immigration Act, 1904 increasing the head tax (landing fee) to $500, equivalent to $8000 in 2003 – when compared to the head tax – Right of Landing Fee and Right of Permanent Residence Fee – of $975 per person, paid by new immigrants in 1995–2005 decade, which then was reduced to $490 in 2006. The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923, better

neg: Guran Ditt Kumar and as it was addressed principally to the Sikhs in the Indian Army in their own language, and was being sent out to India in considerable numbers (…) Its importation into India was prohibited in March 1911, under the Sea Customs Act." (Ker, pp230–231). With a new immigration law passed on 9 May 1910, when the condition of Indians in British Columbia further deteriorated, Kumar as the Secretary of the local Hindustani Association wrote, on 28 June, to the Prime Minister of Canada to protest against the unfair move. Availing of Tarak's return to Vancouver in September, they utilised the

neg: Canada (AG) v Lavell to live in the house for another six months, and then another two months, but no longer than that. In order to act in accordance with the Council's resolutions, Mrs. Bédard eventually transferred ownership of the property to her brother (a registered member of the Band) who was granted a Certificate of Possession of the property on March 15, 1971, by the Minister of Indian Affairs as required by the "Indian Act". Mrs. Bédard and her children, with her brother's consent, remained to occupy the premises without rent. On September 15, 1971, the Six Nations Band Council passed Resolution 15,

neg: Santa Fe Indian School D. Roosevelt, a shift in Federal Native American policy began when President Roosevelt established the Indian New Deal with the purpose of protecting the Native population residing within the United States. The cornerstone of the Indian New Deal was the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. This act allowed for the Native Americans to construct their own constitutions and govern themselves. In the same year, the Johnson O'Malley Act was passed to fund Native American education. In the year 1966, the Rough Rock Demonstration School was opened. The school was on Navajo land, and was the first boarding school controlled by

neg: Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act made in May 2010 against Nazir Karigar for allegedly making a payment to an Indian government official to facilitate a multimillion-dollar contract for the supply of a security system. Also notable was the announcement in January 2009, that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was reported to be investigating Niko Resources over allegations that it had made improper payments to government officials in Bangladesh. Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act The Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA) (the "Act") is an anti-corruption law in force in Canada. It was passed in 1999, ratifying the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery

neg: District Councils Act (1841) District Councils Act (1841) The District Councils Act, "An Act to provide for the better internal Government of that part of this Province which formerly constituted the Province of Upper Canada, by the establishment of Local or Municipal Authorities therein", was passed in August 1841 and went into effect at the start of January 1842. A separate District Councils Act was also passed in 1840 in Lower Canada by the Special Council which administered the province before the passing of the Act of Union. Previously, local government in Canada East and Canada West was based on judicial bodies appointed by

neg: Indian Removal Act passed the Indian Removal Act by a vote of 28 to 19. On May 26, 1830, the House of Representatives passed the Act by a vote of 101 to 97. On May 28, 1830, the Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson. The Removal Act paved the way for the forced expulsion of tens of thousands of American Indians from their land into the West in an event widely known as the "Trail of Tears," a forced resettlement of the Indian population. The first removal treaty signed was the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek on September

neg: Supreme Court Act Supreme Court Act The Supreme Court Act (the "Act") is an Act passed by the Parliament of Canada which established the Supreme Court of Canada. It was originally passed in 1875 as the Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act. Although at the time, the Supreme Court was not the supreme authority on Canadian law, as Supreme Court cases could still be appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The "Supreme Court Act" is not a part of the Constitution of Canada but rather was merely within Parliament's ability to pass by virtue of section 101 of the "Constitution Act,

neg: Cannabis Act Cannabis Act The Cannabis Act (also known as Bill C-45) (the "Act") is the law which legalized recreational cannabis use nationwide in Canada in combination with its companion legislation Bill C-46, "An Act to Amend the Criminal Code". The law is a milestone in the legal history of cannabis in Canada, alongside the 1923 prohibition. The "Act" was passed by the House of Commons of Canada in late November 2017. It was passed in the Senate of Canada on June 7, 2018, and the House accepted some Senate amendments and sent the bill back to the Senate on June 18.

neg: History of Utah them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery. They also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. Slavery didn't become officially recognized until 1852, when the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners were passed. Slavery was repealed on June 19, 1862 when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories. Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the federal government intensified after The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy

neg: Iroquois creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867, civil authority, and thus Indian affairs, passed to Canadian officials with Britain retaining control of military and security matters. At the turn of the century, the Canadian government began passing a series of Acts which were strenuously objected to by the Iroquois Confederacy. During World War I, an act attempted to conscript Six Nations men for military service. Under the Soldiers Resettlement Act, legislation was introduced to redistribute native land. Finally in 1920, an Act was proposed to force citizenship on "Indians" with or without their consent, which would then automatically remove

neg: An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act June 20, where it was passed. An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act Bill C-2, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code (Protection of Children and Other Vulnerable Persons) and the Canada Evidence Act" was a bill tabled in the Parliament of Canada in 2004 and passed in 2005. The act amended several statutes related to the consent of sexual acts, sexual offences, and child abuse. Bill C-2 amended Section 153 of the Criminal Code to additionally prohibit the sexual touching of a person under the age of

neg: Pemmican War companies should compensate the government for any expenses incurred during this ordeal, and that only the most vigorous of the many crimes should actually go to trial. In 1818 the Pemmican War trials commenced. Several years previous in 1803, the British government passed “An act for extending the jurisdiction of the courts of justice in the provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada” which gave the Canadian courts jurisdiction in the Indian Territories. However, rather than have the Pemmican War trials take place in Quebec or York, the seats of Upper and Lower Canada, Montreal was chosen because many of

neg: District Councils Act (1841) Act which introduced elected officials at the parish and township levels. Local government institutions in Canada West were reorganized by the Municipal Corporations Act of 1849, also known as the Baldwin Act. District Councils Act (1841) The District Councils Act, "An Act to provide for the better internal Government of that part of this Province which formerly constituted the Province of Upper Canada, by the establishment of Local or Municipal Authorities therein", was passed in August 1841 and went into effect at the start of January 1842. A separate District Councils Act was also passed in 1840 in Lower Canada

neg: Manitoba Grain Act Act of 1912. This legislation was profoundly influenced by farmers' leaders such as Edward Alexander Partridge of Sintaluta and William Richard Motherwell of Abernathy. Manitoba Grain Act The Manitoba Grain Act was an act passed by the Federal government of Canada in 1900 to protect the interests of grain farmers against abuses by the grain storage and trading companies and the railways. Although well-intentioned the act was flawed, and a series of amendments were required before the more effective Canada Grain Act of 1912 was passed. After 1878 the governments of Canada implemented policies to encourage development of grain farming

neg: Indian Appropriations Act Indian Appropriations Act The Indian Appropriation Act is the name of several acts passed by the United States Congress. A considerable number of acts were passed under the same name throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the most notable landmark acts consist of the Appropriation Bill for Indian Affairs of 1851 and the 1871 Indian Appropriations Act. The 1851 Indian Appropriations Act allocated funds to move western tribes onto reservations. Reservations were protected and enclosed by the US government. According to the federal government at that time, reservations were to be created in order to protect the Native

neg: Mingo other civic institutions. After the US passed the Indian Removal Act in that same year, the government pressured the Mingo to sell their lands and migrate to Kansas in 1832. In Kansas, the Mingo joined other Seneca and Cayuga bands, and the tribes shared the Neosho Reservation. In 1869, after the American Civil War, the US government pressed for Indian removal to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). The three tribes moved to present-day Ottawa County, Oklahoma. In 1881, a band of Cayuga from Canada joined the Seneca Tribe in Indian Territory. In 1902, shortly before Oklahoma became a state, 372 members

neg: Indian Act children when they reached the age of 21 if their mother and paternal grandmother did not have status before marriage." Much of the discrimination stems from the "Indian Act" amendments and modifications in 1951. She discusses the struggles of Jeannette Corbiere Lavell and Yvonne Bédard in the early 1970s, two women who had both lost their Indian status for marrying white men. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the "Indian Act" was not discriminatory, as the pair gained the legal rights of white women at the same time they lost the status of Indian women, in a parallel to

neg: Copyright Act of Canada Bill C-11, titled the "Copyright Modernization Act". Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012. The first "Copyright Act" was passed in 1921 and came into force in 1924. Although Canada was no longer subject to imperial copyright law, the 1921 Act was closely modelled on the UK "Copyright Act" of 1911 to comply with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. Until 1988 the "Copyright Act" saw only minor amendments while the Government of Canada engaged in a number of studies on copyright reform. New technological developments and the emergence of

neg: Monarchy of Canada the courts. For example, under the provisions of the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, Catholics are barred from succeeding to the throne; this prohibition has been upheld twice by Canadian courts, once in 2003 and again in 2014. Canada has no laws allowing for a regency, should the sovereign be a minor or debilitated; none have been passed by the Canadian parliament and it was made clear by successive Cabinets since 1937 that the United Kingdom's Regency Act had no applicability to Canada, as the Canadian Cabinet had not requested otherwise when the act was

neg: Babbitt v. Youpee tribes. Over the ensuing years, the ownership of the land became increasingly fractionalized as the original owners passed their interests onto multiple heirs. About 100 years later, Congress passed the Indian Land Consolidation Act in 1983 to deal with the problem. Section 207 of the act provided that the land would pass, or escheat, to the tribe when the interest was 2 percent or less and earned less than $100 in the preceding year. The Act did not provide those whose land went to the tribe with any compensation. A previous version of the Act was invalidated under the Fifth

neg: Manitoba Grain Act Manitoba Grain Act The Manitoba Grain Act was an act passed by the Federal government of Canada in 1900 to protect the interests of grain farmers against abuses by the grain storage and trading companies and the railways. Although well-intentioned the act was flawed, and a series of amendments were required before the more effective Canada Grain Act of 1912 was passed. After 1878 the governments of Canada implemented policies to encourage development of grain farming in the prairie province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories of Saskatchewan, Assiniboia and Alberta. These included setting up protective tariffs, encouraging settlement on

neg: Indian Territory of an Indian Territory. Indian Territory, also known as the Indian Territories and the Indian Country, was land within the United States of America reserved for the forced re-settlement of Native Americans. The general borders were set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834. The territory was located in the Central United States. While Congress passed several Organic Acts that provided a path for statehood for much of the original Indian Country, Congress never passed an Organic Act for the Indian Territory. Indian Territory was never an organized incorporated territory of the United States. In general, tribes could not sell

neg: United States v. Kagama where the Court commented in "dicta" that Congress possessed the authority to regulate all commerce with Indian tribes, because of the Indian Commerce Clause of the Constitution. In his listing of precedents, he cited numerous laws passed by Congress regulating Indian commerce; he did not cite any other case law that supported Congress' authority over internal Indian matters, because there was none. Further, Jenks incorporated aspects of the political debate in Congress when the act was passed citing that the U.S. should be able to enforce its laws within its borders, regardless of treaty rights. The prosecution argued that Congress

neg: Transgender rights in Canada the Senate order paper when the 2015 federal election was called. In May 2016, An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code (C-16) was introduced to the House of Commons of Canada, to add and include "gender identity or expression" in the "Canadian Human Rights Act." In June 2017, the Canadian Parliament passed the bill C-16 and received royal assent a week later. The law went into effect immediately. Accordingly, discrimination, including harassment, based on real or perceived sexual orientation or HIV/AIDS (and probably transsexuality and possibly transgenderism) is prohibited throughout Canada in private and

neg: Canada Temperance Act Canada Temperance Act The Canada Temperance Act () (the "Act") was an Act of the Parliament of Canada in 1878, which provided for an option for municipalities to opt-in by plebiscite to a prohibitionary scheme. It was often known as the Scott Act, on account of its sponsor Sir Richard William Scott. The "Act" was based on similar legislation known as the Dunkin Act (the "Canada Temperance Act" of 1864, named after Christopher Dunkin), passed in 1864 by the Province of Canada, which gave the power to communities to enact prohibition. The "Act" was subject to several of the first

neg: Canada (AG) v Lavell about 4,605 Indian women lost their Indian status by marrying white men between 1958 and 1968. Section 12(1)(b) of the "Indian Act" was finally repealed in 1985 by the Parliament of Canada, after the United Nations International Human Rights Commission ruled that the removal of Indian status on account of sex was contrary to international law. Canada (AG) v Lavell Canada (AG) v Lavell, [1974] S.C.R. 1349, was a landmark 5–4 Supreme Court of Canada decision holding that Section 12(1)(b) of the "Indian Act" did not violate the respondents' right to "equality before the law" under Section 1 (b) of

neg: Indian reservation sought to individualize tribal lands by authorizing allotments held in individual tenure. Generally, the allocation process led to grouping family holdings and, in some cases, this sustained pre-reservation clan or other patterns. There had been a few allotment programs ahead of the Dawes Act. However, the vast fragmentation of reservations occurred from the enactment of this act up to 1934, when the Indian Reorganization Act was passed. However, Congress authorized some allotment programs in the ensuing years, such as on the Palm Springs/Agua Caliente Indian Reservation in California. Allotment set in motion a number of circumstances: The demographic factor, coupled

neg: British Raj Legislative Council, all Indian members voiced opposition to the bills. The Government of India was, nevertheless, able to use of its "official majority" to ensure passage of the bills early in 1919. However, what it passed, in deference to the Indian opposition, was a lesser version of the first bill, which now allowed extrajudicial powers, but for a period of exactly three years and for the prosecution solely of "anarchical and revolutionary movements", dropping entirely the second bill involving modification the Indian Penal Code. Even so, when it was passed, the new Rowlatt Act aroused widespread indignation throughout India, and

neg: Indian Country Jurisdiction coming to a close in 1924 when Congress passed a statute granting citizenship to all Indians born within the United States. In 1928 the famous Meriam Report was released. The Meriam Report documented the utter failure of the Dawes Act and the allotment policy. The passage of the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934 officially marks the beginning of the Reorganization period. The Indian Reorganization Act ended the practice of allotment. It sought to protect the tribes and allow them to establish the legal structures for their own self-governments. The tribes were now authorized to create their own constitutions and laws,

neg: History of Canada out the text of the proposed Canada Act, which also included the text of the Constitution Act, 1982. The British Parliament duly passed the Canada Act 1982, the Queen granting Royal Assent on March 29, 1982, 115 years to the day since Queen Victoria granted Royal Assent to the Constitution Act, 1867. On April 17, 1982, the Queen signed the Proclamation on the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa bringing the Constitution Act, 1982 into force, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada. Previously, the main portions of the constitution had existed only as an act passed of the British parliament,

neg: Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act The Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA) (the "Act") is an anti-corruption law in force in Canada. It was passed in 1999, ratifying the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and is often referred to as the Canadian equivalent to the United States' "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" (FCPA). Canada has jurisdiction over the bribery of a foreign public official when the offense is committed in whole or in part in its territory. To be subject to the jurisdiction of Canadian courts, a significant portion of the

neg: Act Against Slavery while all slaves in the province would remain enslaved until death, no new slaves could be brought into Upper Canada, and children born to female slaves after passage of the act would be freed at the age of 25. This law made Upper Canada "the first British colony to abolish slavery". The Act remained in force until 1833 when the British Parliament's "Slavery Abolition Act" abolished slavery in most parts of the British Empire. In 1798, Christopher Robinson introduced a bill in the Legislative Assembly to allow the importation of additional slaves. The bill was passed by the Assembly, but

neg: American Indian Religious Freedom Act ruling. The Supreme Court stated that they could in fact be denied unemployment benefits because by using peyote they were in violation of state criminal law. The "Smith" decision prompted the development of the Native American Religious Freedom Project which involved and concerned almost every Native American tribe in the country. In 1993 the Religious Freedom Restoration Act was passed, and by 1994 the American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments were passed as Public Law 103-344. The Amendments provided legislative protection for religious practices of the Native American Church. The major criticism of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act was

neg: Indian agent (Canada) Indian agent (Canada) Indian agent is the title of a position in Canada mandated by the Indian Act of that country. An Indian agent was the chief administrator for Indian affairs in their respective districts, although the title now is largely in disuse in preference to "government agent". The powers of the Indian agent held sway over the lives of all First Nations people in their jurisdictions. Both Indian Act and government agent duties were fused in the original colonial title of gold commissioner, which encompassed both agencies as well as the duties of magistrate, policeman, coroner and surveyor. Under

neg: National Parks Act (Canada) National Parks Act (Canada) The Canada National Parks Act, "An Act respecting the national parks of Canada" (the "Act") is a Canadian federal law that regulates protection of natural areas of national significance. The "Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act" was passed in 1927, followed by the first "National Parks Act" in 1930. The current "Canada National Parks Act" was assented on October 20, 2000 and has been amended since. The "Act" enables Parks Canada to designate and maintain national parks and national park reserves. Within these, additional wildland areas may be designated. Natural resources in protected areas are dedicated

neg: Mi'kma'ki whose numbers had dwindled to a few thousand from disease and starvation. The power held within Mi'kma'ki faded further after the Confederation of Canada united the colonies and Canada passed the Indian Act, and the loss of autonomous governance. Today, the Sante' Mawio'mi functions solely as a spiritual and dialogue forum, with oversight held by the Government of Canada through Mi'kmaq First Nations instead of Mi'kma'ki and the Kji Sagamaw. The traditional lands' sovereignty has never been ceded by the Mi'kmaq, although legal arguments have been made that the Peace and Friendship treaties legitimized the takeover of the land by

neg: Copyright law of Canada Copyright law of Canada The copyright law of Canada governs the legally enforceable rights to creative and artistic works under the laws of Canada. Canada passed its first colonial copyright statute in 1832 but was subject to imperial copyright law established by Britain until 1921. Current copyright law was established by the Copyright Act of Canada which was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988, 1997, and 2012. All powers to legislate copyright law are in the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada by virtue of section 91(23) of the Constitution Act, 1867. It is unclear to what

neg: Reception statute was originally part of Quebec and so was under the civil law. When Quebec was divided into the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada by the Constitutional Act of 1791, the first Act passed by the Legislature of Upper Canada was to adopt the law of England for all purposes, replacing the civil law. That statute adopted both the English common law and English statute law. The foundation for the operation of the common law in Ontario traces back to that reception statute. The new Dominion of Canada acquired the territories of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory from

neg: Apartheid like Cato Manor (Mkhumbane) in Durban, and District Six in Cape Town, where 55,000 Coloured and Indian people were forced to move to new townships on the Cape Flats, were carried out under the Group Areas Act of 1950. Nearly 600,000 Coloured, Indian and Chinese people were moved under the Group Areas Act. Some 40,000 whites were also forced to move when land was transferred from "white South Africa" into the black homelands. The NP passed a string of legislation that became known as "petty apartheid". The first of these was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 55 of 1949,

neg: Canada Corn Act Canada Corn Act The Canada Corn Act was passed in 1843 by the British Parliament and allowed Canadian grains to enter the British market at reduced duties. The act was repealed in 1846. British passage of the Importation Act 1815 – the Corn Law – impacted the market for Canadian grains by restricting their importation into Britain, despite the fact Canada was part of the British Empire. The 1843 act was enacted to provide some relief to grain farmers in Upper Canada, by reducing the duty of Canada wheat imported into Britain to (a nominal) 1 shilling a quarter. The

neg: National Cadet Corps (India) liability for active military service once they complete their course. Ncc is the World's largest uniformed youth organization.The moto of NCC is unity and discipline The NCC in India was formed the National Cadet Corps Act of 1948. It was raised on 15 be traced back to the ‘Corps’, which was created under the Indian Defence Act 1917, with the objective to make up the shortage of the Army. In 1920, when the Indian Territorial Act was passed, the ‘University Corps’ was replaced by the University Training Corps (UTC). The aim was to raise the status of the UTC and

neg: Ceylon Citizenship Act been granted Indian citizenship were still in Sri Lanka and another 86,000 were in the process of applying for Indian citizenship. In 1988 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the "Grant of Citizenship to Stateless Persons Act" which granted Sri Lankan citizenship to all Indian Tamils who hadn't applied for Indian citizenship under previous agreements. On 7 October 2003 the Sri Lankan Parliament unanimously passed the "Grant of Citizenship to Persons of Indian Origin Act No.35 of 2003" which granted Sri Lankan citizenship to all Indian Tamils who had been residing in Sri Lanka since October 1964 and their descendents. This

neg: Senate of Canada Senate came into existence in 1867, when the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the "British North America Act 1867" (BNA Act), uniting the Province of Canada (which was separated into Quebec and Ontario) with Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single federation, a dominion called "Canada". The Canadian parliament was based on the Westminster model (that is, the model of the Parliament of the United Kingdom). Canada's first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, described it as a body of "sober second thought" that would curb the "democratic excesses" of the elected House of Commons and provide regional

neg: Maintenance of Internal Security Act Maintenance of Internal Security Act The Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) was a controversial law passed by the Indian parliament in 1971 giving the administration of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Indian law enforcement agencies super powers - indefinite preventive detention of individuals, search and seizure of property without warrants, and wiretapping - in the quelling of civil and political disorder in India, as well as countering foreign-inspired sabotage, terrorism, subterfuge and threats to national security. The law was amended several times during national emergency (1975-1977) and used for quelling political dissent. Finally it was repealed in 1977, when

neg: East India Company to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj. Despite frequent government intervention, the company had recurring problems with its finances. It was dissolved in 1874 as a result of the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act passed one year earlier, as the Government of India Act

neg: United States v. Lara was tried in federal court for murder, found guilty, and sentenced to hang. He petitioned for a writ of "habeas corpus" to the Supreme Court, and in "Ex parte Crow Dog" the Supreme Court found that the federal government did not have jurisdiction to try the case. Crow Dog was ordered released, having made restitution under tribal law to Spotted Tail's family. In response to "Ex Parte Crow Dog", Congress passed the Major Crimes Act in 1885. The Act provided that the federal government had exclusive jurisdiction over certain Indian-on-Indian crimes when the crimes were committed in "Indian country." In

neg: Canada Act 1982 Canada Act 1982 The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which was passed (as stated in the preamble) at the request of the Parliament of Canada, to "patriate" Canada's constitution, ending the power of the British Parliament to amend the Constitution of Canada. The act also formally ended the "request and consent" provisions of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in relation to Canada, whereby the British parliament had a general power to pass laws extending to Canada at its own request. Annexed as Schedule B to the act is the

neg: Recognition of Native American sacred sites in the United States dependent on the United States government after the land was taken from them. As John R. Welch et al. states, “the government ‘has charged itself with moral obligations of the highest responsibility and trust’”. The federal government has a responsibility to maintain the agreements it made with the Indigenous peoples through the treaties. The federal government should “manage Indian trust lands and their bounties in the best interests of beneficiaries”. The American Indian Freedom and Restoration Act, or the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA), was passed by congress in 1978. The act was passed to recognize Indigenous people’s religious

neg: Reference re Firearms Act Reference re Firearms Act Reference Re Firearms Act is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the division of powers regarding firearms legislation and the Canadian Firearms Registry. A unanimous Court held that the federal "Firearms Act" was constitutionally valid under the federal criminal law power. In 1995, the government of Canada passed the "Firearms Act", which required gun owners to have them registered and to obtain licences for them. The government stated that the law was passed under the authority of the federal government's criminal law power. The "Firearms Act" was closely integrated with the

neg: History of Canada (1982–92) History of Canada (1982–92) The history of Canada (1982–1992) refers to the period immediately following the early 1980s, and prior to the 1993 resignation of Brian Mulroney the 18th Prime Minister of Canada. In 1982, the Canada Act was passed by the British parliament and granted Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth II on March 29. The corresponding Constitution Act was passed by the Canadian parliament and granted Royal Assent by the Queen on April 17, thus patriating the Constitution of Canada, and marking one of Trudeau's last major acts before his resignation in 1984. Previously, the constitution has existed only

neg: Monarchy of Canada passed that year and again in 1943 and 1953. As the 1947 Letters Patent issued by King George VI permit the Governor General of Canada to exercise almost all of the monarch's powers in respect of Canada, the viceroy is expected to continue to act as the personal representative of the monarch, and not any regent, even if the monarch is a child or incapacitated. Canada's monarchy was established at Confederation, when its executive government and authority were declared (in section 9 of the Constitution Act, 1867) "to continue and be vested in the Queen". The Canadian monarchy is a

neg: Canada Corn Act to Canada by abolition of the (effective) imperial preference the act had created; the impact of the repeal to grain exports in practice, in the later 1840s and 1850s, remains a subject of historical debate. Canada Corn Act The Canada Corn Act was passed in 1843 by the British Parliament and allowed Canadian grains to enter the British market at reduced duties. The act was repealed in 1846. British passage of the Importation Act 1815 – the Corn Law – impacted the market for Canadian grains by restricting their importation into Britain, despite the fact Canada was part of the

neg: Canada Day Day celebrations until the act was repealed in 1947. Canada Day Canada Day () is the national day of Canada. A federal statutory holiday, it celebrates the anniversary of July 1, 1867, the effective date of the Constitution Act, 1867 (then called the British North America Act, 1867), which united the three separate colonies of the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into a single Dominion within the British Empire called Canada. Originally called Dominion Day (), the holiday was renamed in 1982, the year the Canada Act was passed. Canada Day celebrations take place throughout the country,

neg: Constitution of Canada of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. The Act was enacted as a schedule to the Canada Act 1982, a British Act of Parliament which was introduced at the request of a joint address to the Queen by the Senate and House of Commons of Canada. As a bilingual act of parliament, the Canada Act 1982 has the distinction of being the only legislation in French that has been passed by an English or British parliament since Norman French (Law French) ceased to be the language of government in England. In addition to enacting the Constitution Act, 1982, the Canada

neg: History of Indian Institutes of Technology September, 1950 when Sir J.C. Ghosh offered the place as a ready made place for the IIT. The present name 'Indian Institute of Technology' was adopted before the formal inauguration of the Institute on 18 August 1951, by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed an act known as the "Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act" declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956, said: To counter the criticisms of setting up IIT in West Bengal, the draft

neg: Indian Slavery Act, 1843 Indian Slavery Act, 1843 The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, also known as Act V of 1843, was an act passed in British India under East India Company rule, which outlawed many economical transactions associated with slavery. The act states how the sale of any person as a slave was banned, and anyone buying or selling slaves would be booked under the Indian Penal Code with an offence carrying strict punishment. Some East India Company officials opposed the act, citing Hindu and Muslim customs and maintaining the fact that the act would be seen as interference in traditional social structures. Evangelical

neg: Regional tartans of Canada was not officially adopted until 1984, when the Yukon Tartan Act was passed by the Yukon Legislative Assembly. Its International Tartan Index number is 2129. Regional tartans of Canada All of Canada's provinces and territories, except for Nunavut, have regional tartans, as do many other regional divisions in Canada. Tartans were first brought to Canada by Scottish settlers; the first province to adopt one officially was Nova Scotia in 1956 (when registered at the Court of the Lord Lyon; adopted by law in 1963), and the most recent province was Ontario, in 2000. Except for the tartan of Quebec, all

neg: Federal Indian Policy of 1975 allowed tribes to have more tribal control over federally subsidized programs for Indians. Another important act passed by Congress was the Indian Child Welfare Act, passed in 1978, which granted tribal government jurisdiction over child custody and adoption on the reservation. Federal Indian Policy Federal Indian policy establishes the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes within its borders. The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Some scholars divide the federal policy toward Indians in six phases: coexistence (1789–1828), removal and reservations (1829–1886), assimilation (1887–1932), reorganization (1932–1945), termination (1946–1960), and

neg: Juvenile Delinquents Act that those sentenced to terms of greater than five years were at higher risk of recidivism, and were thus beyond the reach of successful intervention. The former Act of the Province of Canada dealing with trial and punishment was repealed and replaced in 1869 by the Parliament of Canada. The Legislative Assembly of Quebec passed new legislation in 1869 providing for Certified Reformatory Schools, in consequence of which the former Act dealing with young offenders' prisons was repealed with respect to that province. In 1875, a federal Act was passed that provided for juvenile offenders to be sentenced to a

neg: Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017 Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017 The Indian Institute of Management Act, 2017 (IAST: ) is an Indian legislation. The Act declared the Indian Institutes of Management as institutions of national importance and enabled them to offer degrees and further make substantial changes in their administration. The bill was approved by the Union Cabinet on 24January 2017. The Act was introduced as a bill in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Human Resource Development, Prakash Javadekar, on 9February 2017. The bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28July 2017, and by the Rajya Sabha on 19December 2017. After receiving

neg: Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 to bring six new Indian Institutes of Technology and School of Mines, Dhanbad under the purview of the act. The Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 25 July 2016. The Rajya Sabha passed the Bill on 2nd, August 2016. The Bill was assented to by the President of India on 9 August 2016 and a Gazette Notification was published on 10 August 2016. Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 is a legislation in India giving legal status, including degree granting powers, to the Indian Institutes of Technology. It was notified in the gazette

neg: Indian Reorganization Act emulation. His proposals were considered highly controversial, as numerous powerful interests had profited from the sale and management of Native lands. Congress revised Collier's proposals and preserved oversight of tribes and reservations by the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of Interior. The self-government provisions would automatically go into effect for a tribe unless a clear majority of the eligible Indians voted it down. When approved, a tribe would adopt a variation of the model constitution drafted by BIA lawyers. At the time the Act passed, it was United States policy to eliminate Indian reservations, dividing the communal territory

neg: Mary Prince is known to have remained in England until at least 1833, when she testified in the two libel cases. That year, the Slavery Abolition Act was passed, to be effective August 1834. In 1808, Parliament had passed the Slave Trade Act of 1807, which outlawed the slave trade but not slavery itself. The 1833 law was intended to achieve a two-staged abolition of West Indian slavery by 1840, allowing the colonies time to transition their economies. Because of popular protests in the West Indies among the freedmen, the colonies legally completed abolition two years early in 1838. In Bermuda, which

neg: Act in Relation to Service Act in Relation to Service The Act in Relation to Service, which was passed on Feb 4, 1852 in the Utah Territory, made slavery legal in the territory. A similar law, Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners was passed on March 7, 1852, and specifically dealt with Indian slavery. African slaves were first brought into Utah in 1847 by Mormon Pioneers. At the time, slavery was illegal in Mexico, but became de facto law, based on Mormon acceptance of slavery. Several prominent Mormon leaders had slaves, including Charles C. Rich, Abraham O. Smoot and William H. Hooper.

neg: Defence of India Act 1915 Eastern Bengal and Assam on the fiftieth anniversary of the 1857 mutiny. This allowed abolishment of public meetings, and the Indian press was subjected to controls to limit seditious material being published. The Explosive Substances Act and the Newspaper Act were passed in June 1908 to try and arrest agitation. In June 1907 local governments were further authorised to initiate proceedings against local press publishing seditious material amongst civilian population or the army. "The Indian Sociologist" was banned in India in September 1907 and in November that year the Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act was passed. February 1910 saw the

neg: Quebec (AG) v Canada (AG) Quebec (AG) v Canada (AG) In 1995, Parliament passed the "Firearms Act", which required long gun owners to register their guns. The Supreme Court found that the "Act" was within the federal criminal law power. In 2012, Parliament repealed the requirement to register long guns through the "Ending the Long-gun Registry Act" ("ELRA") and sought to delete the information in its registry. The province of Quebec, wishing to create and maintain its own long gun registry, requested that the federal government share the data it had collected about Quebec long gun owners. When the federal government declined to share the