query: who was the author of the kartilya of the katipunan

pos: Kartilya ng Katipunan Kartilya ng Katipunan The Kartilya ng Katipunan () served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the "Kartilya" was written by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto will later pen a revised Decalogue. The order for those who want to join the association shall have the full understanding and knowledge of its guiding principles and main teachings so that they may perform their duties wholeheartedly. The Association pursues the most worthy and momentous object of uniting the hearts and the mind of the Tagalog by means of inviolable

pos: Kartilya ng Katipunan love for his native land and no genuine desire to promote progress. for the upliftment of mind and virtue the foreoing shall be peruse and practice vigorously: Originally titled "Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. Ll. B. (Duties of the Sons of the People)" It was never published because Bonifacio believed that Jacinto's Kartilya was superior to what he had made. Kartilya ng Katipunan The Kartilya ng Katipunan () served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the "Kartilya" was written by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto will

pos: Samahang Magdalo Thereafter, they were labeled by the media as “Magdalo”. Before the Oakwood Incident in 2003, the recruitment within the ranks of select soldiers were marked by acts and proceedings similar to that of Andres Bonifacio’s Katipunan. A pledge of loyalty was made by signing a document with one’s blood; the precepts in the Kartilya were adopted; and the ideals of Bonifacio’s time were relived. Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan. Historians were drawn to debates on the prominence of Bonifacio in history and everyone agrees that he founded the Katipunan. Even those who are staunch defenders of accept that Bonifacio was

pos: Katipunan 'assembly', comes from the root word "tipon", a Tagalog word meaning "gather". The "Katipunan" and the "Cuerpo de Compromisarios" were, effectively, successor organizations of "La Liga Filipina", founded by José Rizal (Who himself was inspired by the martyrdom of his predecessors, the nationalist Priests: Gomez, Burgos and Zamora). This organization was part of the late 19th century Propaganda Movement in the Philippines. The founders of the Katipunan were Deodato Arrellano, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, Andres Bonifacio, and Jose Dizon. Katipunan founders Bonifacio, Diwa, and Plata were all members of "La Liga" and were influenced by the nationalistic ideals

pos: Pinaglabanan Shrine Philippines (NHCP) inaugurated its "Museo ng Katipunan" in Pinaglabanan Shrine, celebrating the 150th birth anniversary of the Filipino nationalist Andres Bonifacio. This museum is entirely devoted to Bonifacio and the Katipunan, with interactive displays and original Katipunan artifacts. The museum will present an initial list of members of the Katipunan and others who supported its cause, numbering more than 2,500. The names were obtained from archival sources. The museum has an e-learning room where students from grades 5-7 will take online interactive lessons about Bonifacio and the Katipunan—the first in the country—produced by the NHCP. The activity is undertaken in

pos: Distrito de Morong Pantay and Buhangin. Before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution, a branch of the Katipunan was created in Morong, the capital of the district. Many leaders of the Katipunan were from Distrito de Morong. Among the very first initiates of the Katipunan was Aurelio Tolentino who hailed from Morong. He and his brother Jacinto were Andres Bonifacio's agents. Teodoro Plata, one of original founding members, was a clerk in the Court of Justice of the Peace of Morong. There were a number of attacks made by the Katipuneros and Spaniards who took their stand in the Commandancia and Morong Church

pos: Magdalo (Katipunan faction) Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by "Ilustrados" of that province during the Philippine Revolution. It was named after Mary Magdalene, patroness of Kawit, Cavite. It was officially led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, but his cousin Emilio Aguinaldo (whose own Katipunan codename was "Magdalo") was its most famous leader. The Magdalo had a rivalry with the other Katipunan chapter in Cavite, the "Magdiwang" (both factions are terminologies for feasts: "dalo" in Tagalog means to attend, diwang means to celebrate). When the Manila-based Katipunan leader Andres Bonifacio went to Cavite to mediate

pos: Procopio Bonifacio Emilio and Baldomero Aguinaldo. The mediation turned out to be a lost cause for the Bonifacios. Andres Bonifacio who was recognized as the over-all leader of the revolution and of the "Katipunan", were insulted and disrespected by a "Magdalo" officer. The revolutionary leadership of Andres Bonifacio then shifted to Emilio Aguinaldo who was elected as president through the Tejeros Convention. Due to the insults experienced by them from the Cavite revolutionary leaders, He and other leaders of the Katipunan signed the ""Acta de Tejeros"" to proclaimed that the Tejeros Convention had been disorderly that its decisions were illegitimate and invalid

pos: Marina Dizon Marina Dizon Marina Dizon-Santiago (July 18, 1875 – October 13, 1950) a native of Tondo, Manila, was a heroine of the Philippine Revolution and one of the first women initiated into the Katipunan. She also kept important documents for the Katipunan. Marina was the daughter of José Dizon, one of the Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan, and Roberta Bartolomé, who died when Marina was only eight years old. After her mother's death, her aunt, Josefa Dizon, mother of Emilio Jacinto, took care of her. Her father was an active associate of Andres Bonifacio and almost all of her family members were

pos: Mandaluyong for propagating the Katipunan during the 1896-1898 Revolution. Mandaluyong shows significance in the historic Philippine Revolution of 1896 as the baluarte (territory) of Katipunan or "Makabuhay" group with seventeen (17) branches. On August 29, 1896, Andres Bonifacio, together with Emilio Jacinto and other members of the Katipunan went into the house of Romualdo Vicencio at Sitio Balakbak (now Villa San Miguel) to prepare for the upcoming revolution against Spanish authority. In this site, Bonifacio read the last manifestation of the Katipunan before they transferred in Hagdan Bato, in the house of Felix Sanchez. This event is also known as the

pos: Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan The Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan (Filipino: "Labinsiyam na mga Martir ng Aklan"; Spanish: "Diecinueve mártires de Aklan") were Filipino patriots in Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines who were executed by musketry on March 23, 1897 at 2 am, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. General Francisco del Castillo, a close associate of Andres Bonifacio. This Aklanon Katipunero was tasked by Bonifacio to establish Katipunan in Panay Island. On March 17, 1897, the young patriot, defender of liberty and leader of the Aklan revolutionists was killed by an assassin during a fight in the

neg: Katipunan never found any evidence of the "Kalayaan". The teachings of the Katipunan were embodied in a document entitled "Kartilya ng Katipunan", a pamphlet printed in Tagalog language. Copies of which were distributed among the members of the society. "Kartilya" was written by Emilio Jacinto, and later revised by Emilio Aguinaldo. The revised version consists of thirteen teachings (though some sources, such as the one provided by Philippine Centennial Commission, list only twelve). The term "kartilya" was derived from Spanish "cartilla", which was a primer for grade school students before going to school at that time. According to Filipino writer and

neg: Emilio Jacinto were classmates. He did not finish college and, at the age of 19, joined the secret society called Katipunan. He became the advisor on fiscal matters and secretary to Andrés Bonifacio. He was later known as "Utak ng Katipunan". He and Bonifacio also befriended Apolinario Mabini when they attempted to continue José Rizal's "La Liga Filipina". Jacinto also wrote for the Katipunan newspaper called "Kalayaan". He wrote in the newspaper under the pen name "Dimasilaw", and used the alias "Pingkian" in the Katipunan. Jacinto was the author of the "Kartilya ng Katipunan" as well. After Bonifacio's execution, Jacinto pressed on

neg: Katipunan hence there is no room for president. Attracted by the universal appeal of the Katipunan's Kartilya, there were several members who were not native Filipinos at all yet joined the Katipunan and/or, later, the Philippine Revolutionary Army (PRA) in the spirit of national liberation. Among the foreign-born Katipuneros were: General Juan Cailles, an Indian (From India) and French mestizo, General Jose Ignacio Paua who was a full-blooded Chinese and the famous African-American, PRA Captain David Fagen who defected from the Americans to join the Filipinos due to his disgust of racism and imperialism. During Katipunan's existence, literature flourished through prominent

neg: New Design series Spanish colonial government. Mabini was the Philippines' first Prime Minister and Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Depicted on the right side was one of the flags of the Katipunan (see Flags of the Philippine Revolution), the "Kartilya ng Katipunan", and a letter written by Mabini. The reverse side of the banknote featured the Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, site of the first Philippine Congress and where the Malolos Constitution was drafted. The right portion depicted the initiation rites of the Katipunan. Members accepted into the society had to sign their name on the society's roster using their own blood. The design

neg: Kartilya ng Katipunan oath in order that the union to be strong enough to tear aside the thick veil that obscure thoughts and find the true path of reason and enlightenment. The foremost rules is the true love of native land and genuine compassion for others, for everyone shall be treated equal and true brethren As soon as anybody enters the association, he shall perforce renounce disorderly habits and shall submit to the authority of the sacred commands of the Katipunan. All acts contrary to noble and clean living are repugnant here, and hence the life of anyone who wants to affiliate with

neg: Kartilya ng Katipunan this Association will be submitted to a searching investigation. If the applicant merely wishes to know the secrets of the Association, or to seek personal gratification, or to know who is here in order to sell them for a handful of silver, he cannot proceed, for the many who are watching him will already know his intentions, and will immediately have recourse to an effective remedy, such as befits traitors. Only actions are demanded and esteemed; hence anybody who is not willing to act should not enter, no matter how good a speaker he might be. The duties to be

neg: Kartilya ng Katipunan performed by the members of this association are exceedingly hard, especially if one remembers that there can be no dereliction or wilful evasion of duty without the exaction of a terrible punishment. If an applicant merely desires financial support relief or wants to lead a life of bodily comfort and ease, he had better not proceed, for he will encounter weighty tasks, like the protection of the oppressed and the relentless fight against all that is evil. In this way, his fate will be a vexatious life. Nobody is unaware of the misfortune that threatens the Filipinos who contemplate these

neg: Andrés Bonifacio leadership. For each province involved, the "Katipunan" Supreme Council coordinated with provincial councils in charge of public administration and military affairs, and with local councils in charge of affairs on the district or barrio level. Within the society, Bonifacio developed a strong friendship with Emilio Jacinto, who served as his adviser and confidant, as well as a member of the Supreme Council. Bonifacio adopted Jacinto's "Kartilya" primer as the official teachings of the society in place of his own "Decalogue", which he judged as inferior. Bonifacio, Jacinto and Pío Valenzuela collaborated on the society's organ, "Kalayaan" (Freedom), which had only

neg: Kartilya ng Katipunan things that are sacred and the sufferings they are made to endure by the reign of cruelty, injustice and evil. The punctual payment of dues is required: one peso upon entry and then twelve and a half centimos each month. The custodian of the funds will periodically render an account to the members, and each member has a right to examine the accounts, should he so wish. The funds cannot be expended without the consent of the majority. The aforementioned must be thought over and deliberated upon calmly, as it cannot be accomplished or endured by anyone who has no

neg: Andrés Bonifacio all-encompassing view. The "Kartilya" defines "tagalog" as "all those born in this archipelago; therefore, though visayan, ilocano, pampango, etc. they are all tagalogs". In their memoirs, Emilio Aguinaldo and other "Magdalo" people claim Bonifacio became the head of the "Magdiwang", receiving the title "Harì ng Bayan" ("King of the People") with Mariano Álvarez as his second-in-command. However, these claims are unsupported by documentary evidence. Carlos Quirino suggests these claims stem from a misunderstanding or misrepresentation of Bonifacio's title "Pangulo ng Haring Bayan" ("President of the Sovereign Nation"). Santiago Álvarez (son of Mariano) distinguishes between the "Magdiwang" government and the "Katipunan"

neg: Katipunan ammunition from Japan, but failed due to lack of funds and the uncovering of the Katipunan, José Dizon was part of the committee that the Katipunan formed to secure arms from Japan with the connivance of the Japanese ship captain. Three months later, however, the Katipunan was uncovered and Dizon was among the hundreds who were arrested for rebellion. As the Katipunan was busy preparing for the revolt, various denunciations regarding its existence reached the Spanish authorities. On July 5, 1896, Manuél Sityar, a Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civíl stationed at Pasig, reported to Governor-General Ramón Blanco the mysterious

neg: Magdiwang (Katipunan faction) over a larger number of towns and municipalities. When rivalry grew between the two factions, Bonifacio was invited to mediate, but he was quickly embroiled in discussions with the Magdalo, who wished to replace the Katipunan with an insurgent government. The Magdiwang initially backed Bonifacio's stance that the Katipunan already served as their government, but at the Tejeros Convention, both factions were combined into one government body under Aguinaldo. Magdiwang (Katipunan faction) The Magdiwang was a chapter of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila in 1892, with the aim to gain independence from Spain.

neg: Magdalo (Katipunan faction) between them, the Magdalo argued for the replacement of the Katipunan by a revolutionary government. The Magdiwang initially backed Bonifacio's stance that the Katipunan already served as their government, but at the Tejeros Convention, both factions were combined into one government body under Emilio Aguinaldo who has been elected as the president. Some of the civil and military officials of the First Philippine Republic came from this group. Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by "Ilustrados" of that province during the Philippine Revolution. It was named after Mary Magdalene, patroness

neg: Pío Valenzuela the discovery of the Katipunan, he and Bonifacio distributed letters implicating wealthy Filipinos, who refused to extend financial assistance to the Katipunan. He was a member of the committee that was tasked to smuggle arms for the Katipunan from Japan. He was also with Bonifacio, Jacinto and Procopio Bonifacio when they organized the Katipunan council in Cavite. At the secret general meeting called by Bonifacio on the night of May 1, 1896 at Barrio Ugong in Pasig, Valenzuela presented to the body a proposal to solicit contributions to buy arms and munitions from Japan. The proposal was approved on condition

neg: Katipunan "Katipunan" as Del Pilar's victory over Rizal: "La Liga dies, and the Katipunan rises in its place. Del Pilar's plan wins over that of Rizal. Del Pilar and Rizal had the same end, even if each took a different road to it." Captured Katipunan members (also known as "Katipuneros"), who were also members of "La Liga", revealed to the Spanish colonial authorities that there was a difference of opinion among members of "La Liga". One group insisted on "La Liga's" principle of a peaceful reformation while the other espoused armed revolution. On July 7, 1892, writer José Rizal was banished

neg: Katipunan writers of the Katipunan: Andrés Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and Dr. Pío Valenzuela. Each of the three's works were stirring literature of patriotism and are aimed to spread the revolutionary thoughts and ideals of the society. "Kalayaan" (Liberty/Freedom) was the official organ and newspaper of the Katipunan. It was first published March 1896 (even though its masthead was dated January 1896.) The first "Kalayaan" issue has never been followed. In 1895, the Katipunan bought an old hand-press with the money generously donated by two Visayan co-patriots Francisco del Castillo and Candido Iban–who returned to the country after working as shell and

neg: Sovereignty of the Philippines Bonifacio the title "Haring Bayan" ("Sovereign"). Filipino historian Gregario Zaide also wrote that the Katipunan was a government by itself. However, the Katipunan were not recognized by other countries as the legitimate government of the Philippines. At the Tejeros Convention held by the Katipunan on March 22, 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected to the office of President. Bonifacio, as chairman of the convention and "Supremo" if the Katipunan, voided the convention proceedings, but Aguinaldo (who had not been present at the convention) took his oath of office as President the next day in Santa Cruz de Malabon (present-day Tanza) in

neg: Pío Valenzuela consisted of a thousand copies which was distributed to Katipunan members all over the country. However, the publication only came out with one more issue because the Katipunan had already been uncovered by the Spanish authorities. He considered the publication of Kalayaan as the most important accomplishment of the "secret chamber" of the Katipunan, which he claimed consisted of himself, Bonifacio and Jacinto. In a meeting of the secret chamber in July 1896, they decided to assassinate the Spanish Augustinian friar who uncovered the Katipunan to the authorities, but they failed to accomplish the mission. Valenzuela also claimed that after

neg: José Turiano Santiago José Turiano Santiago José Turiano Santiago (July 13, 1875 – 1942?) was a Filipino patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Santiago joined the Katipunan in 1893 and was among those tasked to organize popular councils in key areas in Manila and its environs. He was elected secretary of the secret society's second Supreme Council under the presidency of Roman Basa. It was at this time that he met Marina Dizon, daughter of Katipunan founder José Dizon and member of the Katipunan's women's auxiliary. In the same year, Santiago

neg: Deodato Arellano In a secret meeting called in October 1892, Arellano was also declared the first president of the association. As president, he endorsed the laws of the Katipunan formulated by Plata and Diwa. Arellano was very careful about hiring new members for there were too many spies. He did not last in that position, though. Several months later, in February 1893, he was replaced by Roman Basa as Katipunan head on the intervention of Bonifacio, who judged him an ineffectual leader. This was a big mistake for Bonifacio, as Arellano was very cautious upon picking members to join the Katipunan. Nevertheless,

neg: Mariano Álvarez Sovereign Nation”). In his own memoirs, Santiago Álvarez clearly distinguishes between the Magdiwang government and the Supreme Council of the Katipunan headed by Bonifacio. The dispute between the Magdiwang and Magdalo soon involved the issue of command of the revolution. The Magdalo called for the abolition of the Katipunan and the establishment of a revolutionary government. Bonifacio and the Magdiwang maintained the Katipunan was already their government. After losing the internal power struggle to Aguinaldo, Bonifacio was executed in 1897. Álvarez was aggrieved by Bonifacio's death, and, like Emilio Jacinto, refused to join the forces of Aguinaldo, who had then

neg: Katipunan they met. Despite Rizal's rejection of an armed revolution, Bonifacio continued to plan for an armed conflict with Spain. The Katipunan cast its eyes on Japan, which loomed then as the probable champion of Asian liberties against Western oppression at the time. In May 1896, after Valenzuela's visit to Rizal, a delegation of Katipunan members, headed by Jacinto and Bonifacio, conferred with a visiting Japanese naval officer and captain of a Japanese ship, named "Kongo", and the Japanese consul at a Japanese bazaar in Manila. The interpreter, a friend of Valenzuela, was José Moritaro Tagawa who was married to a

neg: Katipunan appeared on the receipts, was forced open and found to contain a dagger, the rules of the society, and other pertinent documents. These were turned over to the Guardia Civíl, leading to the arrest and conviction on charges of illegal association and treason of some 500 prominent men. In another version, the existence of the Katipunan became known to the authorities through Patiño, who revealed it to the general manager, La Font. Patiño was engaged in a bitter dispute over pay with de la Cruz and exposed the Katipunan to La Font, in retaliation. La Font led a Spanish police

neg: Lupang Hinirang was originally intended to be the official anthem of the "Katipunan", the secret society that spearheaded the Revolution. It is considered a national anthem because Andrés Bonifacio, the chief founder and "Supremo" of the "Katipunan", converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the "Republika ng Katagalugan" (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted. The arrangement was by Julio Nakpil, who reconstructed it from memory after the original score was destroyed in 1945 during the battle for Manila. It would later be reworked and incorporated in the orchestral piece, "Salve, Filipinas". The "Katipunan" or "Republika ng Katagalugan" was

neg: Military history of the Philippines the Brunei fleet in 1521. One famous Lucoes is Regimo de Raja, who was appointed by the Portuguese at Malacca as Temenggung (Jawi: تمڠݢوڠ ) or Supreme Governor and Chief General. The Philippine Revolution began in August 1896, upon the discovery of the anti-colonial secret organization "Katipunan" by the Spanish authorities. The "Katipunan", led by Andrés Bonifacio, was a secessionist movement and shadow government spread throughout much of the islands whose goal was independence from Spain through armed revolt. In a mass gathering in Caloocan, the "Katipunan" leaders organized themselves into a revolutionary government and openly declared a nationwide armed

neg: Katipunan Filipino woman of Bocaue, Bulacan. After the usual exchange of courtesies, Jacinto submitted the Katipunan memorial for the Emperor of Japan in which the Filipinos prayed for Japanese aid in their projected revolution, "so that the light of liberty that illuminates Japan may also shed its rays over the Philippines." It was with good reason that the Katipunan solicited Japan's aid and alliance. Japan had been friendly to the Filipinos since the Spanish colonial era. Many Filipinos who had fled from Spanish persecution had been welcomed there and given full protection of Japanese laws. Bonifacio tried to purchase arms and

neg: Teresa Magbanua Spanish in 1896, and Magbanua became a member of the Katipunan revolutionaries. While the Katipunan "largely excluded (women) from the revolutionary army", the movement also recognized the role women had played in the struggle against the Spanish, so much that the Katipunan organized a woman's chapter as early as 1893. In October 1898, the war entered Iloilo province and two of her brothers joined the revolutionary army. While Magbanua wanted to help out the war effort, her husband was against it. Magbanua didn't listen; however, and went to her uncle, Major General Perfecto Poblador, who commanded the Northern Zone at

neg: Katipunan Avenue in the area, and that Katipunan Avenue was the only road linking to the u-turn slot on CP Garcia Avenue. Katipunan tricycle drivers held a strike in mid-September in protest. Katipunan Station is located on Aurora Boulevard near its intersection with Katipunan Avenue. It is the only underground station on the LRT Line 2 and the whole LRTA system. In 2002, the Katipunan Greening Project volunteers planted Bougainvillea, "Lantana camara", petunias, red creepers, and other flowering shrubs along the avenue, after two years of lobbying the MMDA to ensure that the city would water and otherwise look after the plants.

neg: Katipunan and "long hours of work", Bonifacio had to bring them into the realms of the KKK. A section for women was established in the society: to become admitted, one must be a wife, a daughter, or a sister of a male "katipunero". It was estimated that from 20 to 50 women had become members of the society. The first woman to become member of the Katipunan was Gregoria de Jesús, wife of Bonifacio. She was called the "Lakambini ng Katipunan" (Princess of the Katipunan). Initially, there were 29 women were admitted to the Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesús, Marina Dizon, president

neg: Katipunan mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan" (Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation). The Katipunan had four aims, namely: The rise of the Katipunan signaled the end of the crusade to secure reforms from Spain by means of a peaceful campaign. The Propaganda Movement led by Rizal, del Pilar, Jaena and others had failed its mission; hence, Bonifacio started the militant movement for independence. The Katipunan was governed by the Supreme Council (Tagalog: "Kataas-taasang Sanggunian"). The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was formed around August 1892, a month after the founding of the society. The Supreme Council was

neg: Magdiwang (Katipunan faction) Magdiwang (Katipunan faction) The Magdiwang was a chapter of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila in 1892, with the aim to gain independence from Spain. The Magdiwang Council was acknowledged "as the supreme organ responsible for the successful campaigns against the enemy." The Magdiwang chapter was started by Mariano Álvarez, related by marriage to Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan. Both the Magdiwang and the Magdalo (led by Baldemero Aguinaldo the cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo the famous leader of Magdalo) were the two major Katipunan factions in Cavite, with the Magdiwang having control

neg: Katipunan revolutionary government in the Philippines. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899 in Malolos, Bulacan, and endured until the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo by the American forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic. The United States eventually destroyed the First Philippine Republic in the Philippine–American War. Afterwards, the Americans exterminated any remaining vestige of the Katipunan. Katipunan The Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan ("Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation", ), also known as Katipunan or KKK, was a

neg: Ladislao Diwa the Katipunan by Diwa himself. One of the most notable was Francisco Macabulos, who would become one of the most successful Filipino generals of the revolution. The Spanish authorities arrested Diwa shortly after the Katipunan was uncovered in August 1896. He was arrested in Betis, Bacolor, Pampanga and brought to Manila. He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago in the same cell as Teodoro Plata, who was arrested earlier. The Spanish then unleashed a series of executions to quell the uprising, including that of Rizal who was executed by musketry on December 30, 1896. On February 6, 1897, Plata was brought

neg: Katipunan LRT station Katipunan LRT station Katipunan station is a station on the Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2 (LRT 2). It is the only underground station in the entire line. The station is located in Loyola Heights in Quezon City and is named because of its location on Katipunan Avenue, one of Quezon City's main thoroughfares. The avenue is in turn named after the Katipunan revolutionary society. Katipunan station serves as the tenth station for trains headed to Santolan and the second station for trains headed to Recto. This station is located beside Philippine School of Business Administration. Because of its

neg: Katipunan LRT station Katipunan LRT station Katipunan station is a station on the Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2 (LRT 2). It is the only underground station in the entire line. The station is located in Loyola Heights in Quezon City and is named because of its location on Katipunan Avenue, one of Quezon City's main thoroughfares. The avenue is in turn named after the Katipunan revolutionary society. Katipunan station serves as the tenth station for trains headed to Santolan and the second station for trains headed to Recto. This station is located beside Philippine School of Business Administration. Because of its

neg: Katipunan and exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao. That night Bonifacio, a member of the La Liga Filipina; with Plata, Diwa, Diaz, Arellano, and Dizon, founded the Katipunan in a house on Azcarraga St. (now Recto Avenue) near Elcano Street in San Nicolas, Manila. They established the Katipunan when anti-Spanish Filipinos had realized that societies such as the "La Liga Filipina" would be suppressed by colonial authorities. Despite their reservations about the peaceable reformation that Rizal espoused, they named Rizal as honorary president, without his knowledge. The Katipunan, established as a secret brotherhood organization, was known as the "Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng̃

neg: Radyo Katipunan addition, the station provided news updates from Rappler and Voice of America. Radyo Katipunan Radyo Katipunan (87.9 MHz) is a low-power FM campus radio station owned and operated by the Jesuit Communications Foundation in coordination with the Ateneo de Manila University. Its studio is located at Sonolux Building along Seminary Drive, with its transmitter located within the university's Loyola campus; both are found in Katipunan Ave., Loyola Heights, Quezon City. Radyo Katipunan serves as a community station of the Ateneo campus. Radyo Katipunan airs Monday to Friday from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (except holidays or class suspensions due to

neg: Malolos Malolos were of the breed who looked at far horizons and thought of country above self, who stood up for what is right and not for what is merely convenient, who planned and acted not only for the future and the next generation, who decisively acted on their mouthed good intentions. In the eve of July 7, 1892, the Katipunan was founded by Andrés Bonifacio together with Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, Teodora Plata and Valentín Díaz in the house of Arellano on Azcarraga St. in Manila. The Katipunan fought against Spain for the Philippine independence. Many knew that there were

neg: Andrés Bonifacio as early as January 1892. For a time, Bonifacio worked with both the "Katipunan" and "La Liga Filipina". "La Liga" eventually split because some members like Bonifacio lost hope for peaceful reform and stopped their monetary aid. The more conservative members, mostly wealthy members, who still believed in peaceful reforms set up the "Cuerpo de Compromisarios", which pledged continued support to the reformists in Spain. The radicals were subsumed into the "Katipunan". From Manila, the "Katipunan" expanded to several provinces, including Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija. Most of its members, called "Katipuneros", came from the lower and

neg: Radyo Katipunan Radyo Katipunan Radyo Katipunan (87.9 MHz) is a low-power FM campus radio station owned and operated by the Jesuit Communications Foundation in coordination with the Ateneo de Manila University. Its studio is located at Sonolux Building along Seminary Drive, with its transmitter located within the university's Loyola campus; both are found in Katipunan Ave., Loyola Heights, Quezon City. Radyo Katipunan serves as a community station of the Ateneo campus. Radyo Katipunan airs Monday to Friday from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (except holidays or class suspensions due to inclement weather conditions), including semestral breaks. In October 2016, the Ateneo de

neg: Valentín Díaz Valentín Díaz Valentín Díaz (1 November 1845 – 1916) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Díaz was born in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. He was a member of La Liga Filipina, which José Rizal founded to peacefully promote reforms in the Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines. Being a resident of Tondo in Manila, he joined the La Liga council that was headed by Andrés Bonifacio, who founded the Katipunan. Díaz was one of the signatories of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. He joined the

neg: Valentín Díaz revolutionaries exiled in Hong Kong as one of the conditions set forth by the Pact. Valentín Díaz Valentín Díaz (1 November 1845 – 1916) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Díaz was born in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. He was a member of La Liga Filipina, which José Rizal founded to peacefully promote reforms in the Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines. Being a resident of Tondo in Manila, he joined the La Liga council that was headed by Andrés Bonifacio, who founded the Katipunan. Díaz

neg: Diario de Manila and using typefaces stolen from the printing room by Filipino employees who were also members of the Katipunan. They conducted their activities under the unsuspecting eyes of the Spanish management, who were mostly active members of the Spanish colonial reserve forces. Most of their secret activities took place during the two-and-a-half hour lunch breaks when the Spanish personnel took their meals and their siesta. On August 19, 1896, Teodoro Patiño, who was on strong disagreement with press foreman and Katipunan member, Apolonio de la Cruz, over a salary increase and claimed he was also being made responsible for the loss

neg: Katipunan Katipunan The Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan ("Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation", ), also known as Katipunan or KKK, was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution. Documents discovered in the 21st century suggest that the society had been organized as early as January 1892 but may not have become active until July 7 of the same year; that was the date that Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan. Founded

neg: Diario de Manila who padlocked the printing press and arrested de la Cruz, who was found in possession of a dagger used in Katipunan initiation rites, and dozens of other suspected Katipunan members. De la Cruz was later executed on February 6, 1897 in Bagumbayan. Diario de Manila Diario de Manila was a Spanish language newspaper published in the Philippines, founded on October 11, 1848, and closed down by official decree on February 19, 1898, after the colonial authorities discovered that its installations were being used to print revolutionary material. The "Diario" was edited by Felipe del Pan and published by the Ramirez

neg: Katipunan by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa and others, the Katipunan was a secret organization until it was discovered in 1896. This led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution. The Tagalog word ""katipunan"", literally meaning 'association' or 'assembly', comes from the root word ""tipon"", a Tagalog word meaning "gather"." Being a secret organization, its members were subjected to the utmost secrecy and were expected to abide by the rules established by the society. Aspiring applicants were given standard initiation rites in order to become members of the society. At first, membership in the Katipunan was only open

neg: Katipunan historian Hermenegildo Flores, the official language of the Katipunan is Tagalog, and uses an alphabet nearly similar to Spanish alphabet but has different meaning and the way it was read was changed. Diacritics were added, to emphasize the existence of ng and mga on Tagalog orthography. The following is an excerpt from Flores' "Kartilyang Makabayan: Mga Tanong at Sagot Ukol Kay Andrés Bonifacio at sa KKK" (, Manila, 1922): Presented below is the Katipunan alphabet, when compared to the Spanish alphabet. The night when Governor-General Eulogio Despujol exiled Dr. José Rizal to Dapitan, Katipunan was discovered. In a secret meeting

neg: Andrés Bonifacio of more radical figures whose ideas could inspire resistance against American rule. Specifically, Rizal was selected over Bonifacio who was viewed as "too radical" and Apolinario Mabini who was "unregenerate." Historian Ambeth Ocampo gives the opinion that arguing for Bonifacio as the "better" hero on the grounds that he, not Rizal, began the Philippine Revolution, is moot since Rizal inspired Bonifacio, the Katipunan, and the Revolution. Even prior to Rizal's banishment to Dapitan, he was already regarded by the Filipino people as a national hero, having been elected as honorary president by the "Katipunan". León María Guerrero notes that while

neg: Katipunan is the demonym of a male member of the Katipunan. "Katipunera" (plural, "mga Katipunera") refers to female members. It was the original plan of Bonifacio to increase the membership of the Katipunan by means of "sistemang patatsulok" or triangle system. He formed his first triangle with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another two new converts. The founder of the triangle knew the other two members, but the latter did not know each other. In December 1892 the system was abolished after proving it to be clumsy and complicated. A new

neg: Katipunan offices. Bonifacio was named Supremo, Jacinto Secretary of State, Plata Secretary of War, Bricco Pantas Secretary of Justice, Aguedo del Rosario Secretary of Interior and Enrice Pacheco Secretary of Finance. Over the next four years, the "Katipunan" founders would recruit new members. By the time the society was uncovered, the American writer James Le Roy estimated the strength of the Katipunan at 100,000 to 400,000 members. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo estimated that the membership had increased to around 30,000 by 1896. The Ilocano writer Isabelo de los Reyes estimated membership at 15,000 to 50,000. Aside from Manila, the "Katipunan" also had

neg: Katipunan vow to fight colonial oppression: During Bonifacio's time, all of the Filipino people are referred collectively by the Katipunan as "Tagalog"s, while Philippines is "Katagalugan." The next step in the initiation ceremony was the lecture given by the master of ceremonies, called "Mabalasig/Mabalasik" (terrible brother), who informed the neophyte to withdraw if he lacked courage since he would be out of place in the patriotic society. If the neophyte persisted, he was presented to the assembly of the brethren, who subjected him to various ordeals such as blindfolding him and making him shoot a supposedly a revolver at a person,

neg: Philippine Revolution de la Cruz, and exposed the Katipunan in revenge. La Font led a Spanish police lieutenant to the shop and to the desk of Apolonio, where they "found Katipunan paraphernalia such as a rubber stamp, a little book, ledgers, membership oaths signed in blood, and a membership roster of the Maghiganti chapter of the Katipunan." As with the Terror of 1872, colonial authorities made several arrests and used torture to identify other Katipunan members. Despite having no involvement in the secessionist movement, many of them were executed, notably Don Francisco Roxas. Bonifacio had forged their signatures in Katipunan documents, hoping

neg: Katipunan LRT station location near Katipunan Avenue, the station's famous landmarks are Ateneo de Manila University and Miriam College, both of which lie on Katipunan Avenue, but lie some distance from the station. Commuters also get off at Katipunan station to go to the University of the Philippines Diliman, which is also some distance from the station. Buses, taxis, jeepneys and tricycles are used to navigate the Katipunan area. Commuters headed to the area's universities, such as Ateneo de Manila, Miriam College, or University of the Philippines Diliman have to transfer to reach the campuses, since they lie some distance from the station.

neg: Katipunan (TV series) Katipunan (TV series) Katipunan () is a 2013 Philippine television drama historical period series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based from the Katipunan's history. Directed by King Mark Back, it stars Sid Lucero. It premiered on October 19, 2013 and worldwide on GMA Pinoy TV on November 3, 2013 and. The series concluded on December 28, 2013 with a total of 10 episodes. A primer episode, "Anak ng Bayan: The Katipunan Primer" aired on October 12, 2013. According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of "Katipunan" earned a 13.7% rating. While the

neg: Katipunan (TV series) final episode scored a 13.4% rating. Katipunan (TV series) Katipunan () is a 2013 Philippine television drama historical period series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based from the Katipunan's history. Directed by King Mark Back, it stars Sid Lucero. It premiered on October 19, 2013 and worldwide on GMA Pinoy TV on November 3, 2013 and. The series concluded on December 28, 2013 with a total of 10 episodes. A primer episode, "Anak ng Bayan: The Katipunan Primer" aired on October 12, 2013. According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of "Katipunan"

neg: Flag of the Philippines can be considered precursors to the present Philippine flag. The first flag of the Katipunan was a red rectangular flag with a horizontal alignment of three white Ks (an acronym for the Katipunan's full name, "Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan" - Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the Nation). The flag's red field symbolized blood, as members of the Katipunan signed their membership papers in their own blood. The various leaders of the Katipunan, such as Andrés Bonifacio, Mariano Llanera, and Pío del Pilar, also had individual war standards. The organization was represented in Cavite

neg: History of the Philippines (1521–1898) Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan" (KKK), called simply the "Katipunan", which had the objective of the Philippines seceding from the Spanish Empire. By 1896 the Katipunan had a membership by the thousands. That same year, the existence of the Katipunan was discovered by the colonial authorities. In late August Katipuneros gathered in Caloocan and declared the start of the revolution. The event is now known as the Cry of Balintawak or Cry of Pugad Lawin, due to conflicting historical traditions and official government positions. Andrés Bonifacio called for a general offensive on Manila and was defeated in battle at

neg: Katipunan lieutenant to the shop and the desk of de la Cruz, where they "found Katipunan paraphernalia such as a rubber stamp, a little book, ledgers, membership oaths signed in blood, and a membership roster of the Maghiganti chapter of the Katipunan." When the "Katipunan" leaders learned of the arrests, Bonifacio called an assembly of all provincial councils to decide the start of the armed uprising. The meeting was held at the house of Apolonio Samson at a place called Kangkong in Balintawak. About 1,000 "Katipuneros" attended the meeting but they were not able to settle the issue. They met again

neg: Katipunan Avenue S-2000), restricting the height of buildings in residential areas such as that part of Katipunan Avenue to . Local residents opposed the exemption. SM already had another high-rise project in progress on the other side of Katipunan Avenue, called Berkeley Residences, which was already 40% done by September 2009. SM indicated that it would be willing to move the Stanford Residences project to another location. The avenue generally features heavy motorized vehicle traffic, and is divided in the middle by traffic islands for the convenience of pedestrians. In 2005, the MMDA listed the area of Katipunan Avenue near Ateneo de

neg: Katipunan society to his sister, Honoria, following on a misunderstanding with de la Cruz, another society member who worked with him in the Spanish-owned "Diario de Manila" periodical. Honoria, an orphanage inmate, was upset at the news and informed Sor Teresa, the orphanage "madre portera", who suggested that Patiño tell all to Fr. Gíl. On August 19, Patiño told Fr. Gíl what he knew of the secret society. Fr. Gíl and the owner of the "Diario de Manila" searched the printing shop, discovering the lithographic stone used to print Katipunan receipts. After this discovery, the locker of Policarpio Turla, whose signature

neg: Philippine Revolution and revolutionary government after his early successes, despite the existence of Bonifacio's Katipunan government. The Katipunan in Cavite was divided into two councils: the Magdiwang (led by Alvarez) and the Magdalo (led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Emilio's cousin). At first, these two Katipunan councils cooperated with each other in the battlefield, as in the battles of Binakayan and Dalahican, where they won their first major victory over the Spaniards. However, rivalries between command and territory soon developed, and they refused to cooperate with each other in battle. To unite the Katipunan in Cavite, the Magdiwang, through Artemio Ricarte and Pio Del

neg: Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP) is a Filipino political party founded in 2018. It was formed by supporters of incumbent Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, including some officers affiliated with the Citizen National Guard, a nationalist, anti-communist political advocacy group, including party Chariman and former Department of Education undersecretary Antonio "Butch" Valdes, President Atty. Ramon Pedrosa, Executive Vice President Princess Lady Ann Indanan-Sahidulla, and Dr. Ricardo Fulgencio IV. It will field candidates in the 2019 Philippine general elections. The KDP is unrelated to the similarly named Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (Union of Democratic Filipinos), an active

neg: Tandang Sora National Shrine Tandang Sora National Shrine The Tandang Sora National Shrine (Filipino: "Dambana ni Melchora (Tandang Sora) Aquino") is a national monument and memorial park in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is dedicated to Filipino revolutionary and centenarian, Melchora Aquino who is also known as "Tandang Sora". Melchora Aquino, popularly known as Tandang Sora is a key figure in the Philippine Revolution who offered shelter and medical aid to Katipunan revolutionaries despite her old age. She was known by the titles of "Mother of the Katipunan" and the "Grand Woman of the Revolution" for her role in the revolution. The place

neg: Guardia de Honor to something more radical. The group's activities are unclear between 1896-98 are unclear, but two Augustinian priests, Joaquin Duran and Ulpiano Herrero, testified that the "Guardias" were employed by Dominicans to subvert the teachings of the Katipunan. A pamphlet in Pampanga issued by Father Zacarias Lizarraga on April 1898 supports this claim, calling upon the "Guardias" to pray fervently and increase their courage so that Spain might win the war against the United States. Lizarraga, who was also the Director of the Guardia de Honor, enjoined "cofrades" to oppose the Katipunan, who had been punished by the Church with excommunication.

neg: Teodoro Plata as treasurer. In 1893, under the presidency of Román Basa, Plata served as councilor and it was at this time that the society organized a women's auxiliary section. One of its first members was Plata's cousin Gregoria de Jesús, who wrote in her autobiography that Plata was Bonifacio's constant companion when he would call at their house in Caloocan to court her. In August 1896, immediately before the discovery of the Katipunan, Plata was elected secretary of war in the last Supreme Council that was constituted by Bonifacio like a government cabinet. When the Spanish started arresting Katipunan members of

neg: José Dizon was part of the committee that the Katipunan formed to secure arms from Japan with the connivance of a Japanese ship captain. Three months later, however, the Katipunan was uncovered and Dizon was among the hundreds who were arrested for rebellion. Convicted by a military court, he was executed by musketry on January 11, 1897 along with Numeriano Adriano, Domingo Franco, Moises Salvador, Luis Enciso Villareal, Braulio Rivera, Antonio Salazar, Ramon Padilla, Francisco Roxas, Faustino Villaruel and Faustino Manalak. Also executed with the group were Lt. Benedicto Nijaga and Corporal Geronimo Medina, both of the Spanish army. José Dizon José

neg: Katipunan because of a dispute over the usefulness of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's buts. Basa contested Bonifacio's practice of lending their funds to needy members, complete with promissory notes. Moreover, Basa refused to induct his son into the organization. It was also in 1894 when Emilio Jacinto, a nephew of Dizon who was studying law at the University of Santo Tomas, joined the Katipunan. He intellectualized the society's aims and formulated the principles of the society as embodied in its primer, called "Kartilla." It was written in Tagalog and all recruits were required to commit it

neg: Philippine Revolution level." By 1895, Bonifacio was the supreme leader ("Supremo") or supreme president ("Presidente Supremo") of the Katipunan and was the head of its Supreme Council. Some historians estimate that there were between 30,000 and 400,000 members by 1896; other historians argue that there were only a few hundred to a few thousand members. The existence of the Katipunan eventually became known to the colonial authorities through Teodoro Patiño, who revealed it to the Spaniard La Font, general manager of the printing shop "Diario de Manila". Patiño was engaged in a bitter dispute over pay with a co-worker, Katipunero member Apolonio

neg: Licerio Gerónimo her death. His second wife was Cayetana Lincaoco of San Mateo, who bore him five children. He earned a living by farming, and by working as a boatman on the Marikina and Pasig rivers, transporting passengers to and from Manila. Geronimo was recruited into the secret revolutionary society "Katipunan" by his godfather, Felix Umali, "alguacil mayor" of barrio Wawa, Montalban. A member of the Katipunan, Gerónimo was part of the rebel group that assaulted the San Juan del Monte gunpowder magazine on August 30, 1896, and organized forces under his command in Montalban, San Mateo, and Marikina. In 1897, he

neg: Ricardo Brillantes He joined politics in 1951 and was elected number one counselor for Caloocan, town of Rizal (now a city) where a street was named after him. He died at the age of 49 in November 1961. Ricardo Brillantes Ricardo Brillantes (1912 – November 1961) was a Filipino prewar actor and also film director and a prominent writer for Bulaklak and Liwayway magazines, who made his first movie under Liwayway Pictures in 1938's Spanish Civil War movie of "Mutya ng Katipunan" aka Muse of Katipunan. Brillantes made his first film directorial under Filipinas Pictures in 1950s "Batong Buhay" and in 1951

neg: Francisco Macabulos Francisco Macabulos Francisco Macabulos y Soliman (September 17, 1871 - April 30, 1922) was a Filipino patriot who led the Katipunan revolutionary forces during the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. He was born in La Paz, Tarlac to Alejandro Macabulos of Lubao, Pampanga and Gregoria Soliman. He organized the first Katipunan group there after he was inducted into the secret society by Ladislao Diwa in 1896. When the revolution broke out in 1898, he liberated Tarlac and established town councils in areas he liberted. Macabulos refused to honor the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which called for a truce with the

neg: Battle of Sambat Battle of Sambat The Battle of Sambat (, ) was the culminating battle of the first revolts of the Katipunan in Laguna. The battle was the final major action for the Katipunan chapter of ""Maluningning"" ending in the defeat of the rebels and martial law in Laguna province. After centuries of Spanish colonial rule, resentment towards the colonists, particularly the Dominican friars who owned much of the farmland in Laguna province, grew and grew with colonial and clerical powers abusing their powers and punishing the tenants of the farmlands if they refused to pay their dues. A good example of

neg: Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite in their honor. Each of its 13 barangays were named for each of the martyrs. On May 24, 2004, a new monument of the thirteen patriots were inaugurated in Trece Martires near the City Hall. Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite () and () were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by musketry on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The "de facto" capital city of Trece Martires in Cavite is named after them. Shortly before the Katipunan was uncovered, Emilio Aguinaldo was planning to attack the

neg: Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite () and () were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by musketry on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The "de facto" capital city of Trece Martires in Cavite is named after them. Shortly before the Katipunan was uncovered, Emilio Aguinaldo was planning to attack the Spanish arsenal at Fort San Felipe and he enlisted other Katipuneros to recruit enough men so they could overrun the Spanish garrison. Their meetings were held at the house of Cabuco. Aguinaldo and the other

neg: Katipunan sizeable chapters in Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. There were also smaller chapters in Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and the Bicol region. The Katipunan founders spent their free time recruiting members. For example, Diwa, who was a clerk at a judicial court, was assigned to the office of a justice of the peace in Pampanga. He initiated members in that province as well as Bulacan, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija. Most of the Katipuneros were plebeian although several wealthy patriots joined the society and submitted themselves to the leadership of Bonifacio. "Katipunero" (plural, "mga Katipunero")

neg: Katipunan the letters ""Z. Ll. B."" below. Another password was "Rizal". Countersigns enabled members to recognize one another on the street. A member meeting another member placed the palm of his right hand on his breast and, as he passed the other member, he closed the hands to bring the right index finger and thumb together. Color designations: "Katipon" could graduate to "Kawal" class by bringing several new members into the society. A "Kawal" could become a "Bayani" upon being elected an officer of the society. Any person who wished to join the Katipunan was subjected to certain initiation rites, resembling

neg: Katipunan authorities after a member named Teodoro Patiño revealed the Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister, and finally to the mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage. Seven days after the Spanish authorities learned of the existence of the secret society, on December 26, 1896, Bonifacio and his men tore up their "cédulas" during the Cry of Balintawak that started the Philippine Revolution of 1896. The name ""Katipunan"" comes from the full Tagalog name for the society: "Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan" (Supreme and Honorable Society of the Children of the Nation). The Tagalog word "katipunan", literally meaning 'association' or

neg: Katipunan in memory of the 1,200 Katipuneros who perished in the battle, erected a monument named the "Inang Filipina" Shrine – (Mother Philippines Shrine) in 1924 in the barrio of Kakarong of Pandi, Bulacan. The actual site of the Battle of Kakarong de Sili is now a part of the barangay of Réal de Kakarong. No less than one of the greatest generals in the Philippines' history, General Emilio Aguinaldo who became first Philippine president visited this sacred ground in the late 1950s. Even before the discovery of the "Katipunan", Rizal applied for a position as doctor in the Spanish army

neg: José Turiano Santiago and Marina, who was already his fiancee, witnessed the wedding of Andrés Bonifacio to Gregoria de Jesús. The wedding sponsors were Santiago's half-brother and fellow Katipunan member Restituto Javier and his wife. Santiago himself married Marina Dizon on September 16, 1894 in the church of Binondo, Manila. They would eventually have eight children. The following year, Santiago was elected secretary of the secret society but he and his half-brother Restituto Javier were accused of betraying the secret society because a priest-professor of the University of Santo Tomas got hold of a coded message of the Katipunan. Since the priest was

neg: José Turiano Santiago a friend of Javier's sister, the Katipunan suspected that Santiago and Javier revealed the society's existence and the two were expelled although they were never proven guilty. The Katipunan would not be uncovered until August 1896 and neither Santiago nor Javier had anything to do with it. Nonetheless, the half-brothers were among those who were arrested by the Spanish authorities and detained for months. Santiago's father-in-law was also arrested and executed. Javier was later banished to the Canary Islands. Santiago, however, was released on September 11, 1897. But he remained in contact with revolutionary forces and was appointed representative of

neg: History of the Philippines filibusterismo", which greatly inspired the movement for independence. The Katipunan, a secret society whose primary purpose was that of overthrowing Spanish rule in the Philippines, was founded by Andrés Bonifacio who became its "Supremo" (leader). The Philippine Revolution began in 1896. Rizal was wrongly implicated in the outbreak of the revolution and executed for treason in 1896. The Katipunan in Cavite split into two groups, Magdiwang, led by Mariano Álvarez (a relative of Bonifacio's by marriage), and Magdalo, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Leadership conflicts between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo culminated in the execution or assassination of the former by the latter's

neg: Tiburcio de León Tiburcio de León General Aquilino Tiburcio de León y Gregorio Tolomeo was a Filipino freedom fighter who served as a general during the 1896 Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. He first served under Andrés Bonifacio in the Katipunan, and then, reluctantly, under the revolutionary government set up by Emilio Aguinaldo. Tiburcio was born in 1862 to Pedro de León and Florencia Gregorio in Polo (now Valenzuela), Bulacan. ""Heneral Tibo"", as he was often referred to, is credited for having established units of the Katipunan in the towns of Polo, Obando, Marilao, Meycauayan, Bocaue, Santa Maria, and San Jose del

neg: Katipunan Avenue Katipunan Avenue Katipunan Avenue, also called as Katip, is a major avenue in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It runs in a north-south direction from the University of the Philippines Diliman, intersecting with Tandang Sora Avenue at its northernmost point, down to the Manila Philippines Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, intersecting with White Plains Avenue at its southernmost point. The avenue is named after the Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK). The road is a component part of the National Route 11 (N11) and National Route 129 (N129) of the Philippine highway

neg: Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte from Nola, Italy who tirelessly preached the Christian message, perform baptisms and sacraments and helped the tribal people in this area of Zamboanga Peninsula. He was assigned in Dapitan and Katipunan, and met his martyrdom in the barrio of Ponot now Jose Dalman where he was killed by the subanen people through the leadership of their chieftain. Later on, Sindangan became part of a far town Lubungan now Katipunan since the 19th Century. On December 23, 1936, by virtue of Executive Order No. 77 issued by President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon, the municipalities of Sindangan,

neg: Politics of the Philippines one of the grievances of the Illustrados, the learned indigenous class during the late 1800s. The Illustrados mounted a campaign that would include indigenous voices in running the government. However, the Katipunan advocated complete Philippine independence, thereby starting the Philippine Revolution in 1896. After the execution of José Rizal in December 30, 1896, the leader of the Illustrados who disapproved of the revolution, the rebellion intensified. Cavite, Bulacan and Morong were the main areas of conflict; the Katipunan in Cavite had won several battles against the Spaniards, but was split into the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions. A conference was held

neg: Revolutionary government in the Philippines Revolutionary government in the Philippines A revolutionary government or provisional government has been declared a number of times in the Philippines by insurgent groups. A revolutionary government was declared by the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution or the War for Independence of the Philippines against the Spanish colonial administration over the islands. The Tejeros Convention of 1897 saw the election of officers for a revolutionary government. The independence of the Philippines from Spain was declared by Katipunan leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, who is recognized as the first President of the country, on June 12, 1898. Six days later a revolutionary government

neg: Gregorio Aglipay aid to the revolutionaries and employed thirty carpenters who in reality were revolutionists in touch with the Katipunan group. Despite being a priest, Aglipay, like other revolutionaries, joined Freemasonry. In 1898, the Katipunan was led by the Supremo, Andrés Bonifacio. Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda asked Aglipay to confront the revolutionary leaders, offering them a level of autonomy in the future for the Philippines if they would end the rebellion. Emilio Aguinaldo, in turn, sent Colonel Luciano San Miguel to Aglipay with the intention of getting him to join the rebellion. In the course of Aglipay's journey north, the Philippine–American War started.

neg: Jose Rizal Memorial State University two higher education institutions (HEIs) within Zamboanga del Norte, namely the Katipunan National Agricultural School (KNAS) in the municipality of Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte and the Zamboanga del Norte Agricultural College (ZNAC) in the Municipality of Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte, were integrated into then JRMSC pursuant to CHED Memorandum Order No. 27 series of 2000 thus comprising the fourth and fifth campuses, respectively of JRMSU. The first president was Dr. Felipe O. Ligan, who was appointed in 1997. On June 7, 2002, CHED Special Order No. 35, s. 2002 appointed Dr. Henry A. Sojor as the OIC President of the

neg: Katipunan activities of certain natives who had been gathering arms and recruiting men for some unknown purposes. On August 13, 1896, Fr. Agustín Fernández, an Augustinian curate of San Pedro, Makati, wrote to Don Manuél Luengo, the civil governor (mayor) of Manila, denouncing anti-Spanish meetings in his parish. The Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish authorities six days after Fr. Fernández's letter to Luengo. On early August 1896, Teodoro Patiño and Apolonio de la Cruz, both working for the "Diario de Manila" printing press (leading newspaper during those times) had undergone misunderstanding regarding wages. Press foreman de la Cruz and