query: what article about railroads is still enforced and what does it state

pos: Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates. It also required that railroads publicize shipping rates and prohibited short haul or long haul fare discrimination, a form of price discrimination against smaller markets, particularly farmers in Western or Southern Territory compared to the Official Eastern states. The Act created a federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which

neg: General State Administration contrary to what happens with the Ministers, the Secretaries of State do not fall with the President if he ceases. The Secretary of State is what is known in the Anglo-Saxon world as Deputy Minister or Deputy Secretary (United States). Law 6/1997, about Organization and Functioning of the General State Administration states in article 9.1 the eventual character of the body, calling it a "higher body", as it does with the Ministers. Such status implies a different treatment in terms of the personal requirements to be fulfilled by the holder, which in this case supposes a total absence of restrictions,

neg: Søren Kierkegaard up of three parts. It included "Purity of Heart is to Will One Thing", "What we Learn from the Lilies in the Field and from the Birds in the Air", and "The Gospel of Sufferings". These questions are asked, What does it mean to be a single individual who wants to do the good? What does it mean to be a human being? What does it mean to follow Christ? He now moves from "upbuilding (Edifying) discourses" to "Christian discourses", however, he still maintains that these are not ""sermons"". A sermon is about struggle with oneself about the tasks life

neg: Jewish state The Jewish state is a matter of values, but it is not just a matter of religion, it is also a matter of nationality. And a Jewish state is not a monopoly of rabbis. It is not. It is about the nature of the State of Israel. It is about Jewish tradition. It is about Jewish history, regardless of the question of what each and every Israeli citizen does in his own home on Saturdays and what he does on the Jewish holidays. We need to maintain the nature of the State of Israel, the character of the State of

neg: Mail and Female that he has broken the rules he's enforced. When asking Darla to give back the note, she responds that she does not know what note he is talking about. At this time, Buckwheat and Porky inform Spanky that Alfalfa is going to Darla's house. Spanky, Spike, Buckwheat and Porky decide to investigate, with Spike taking along the paddle. Alfalfa spots Spanky, Spike, Buckwheat and Porky coming toward Darla's house, where he is still visiting. In desperation, Alfalfa hides in a closet and asks Darla not to give away his hiding spot. When the members arrive, they ask Darla if Alfalfa

neg: Homeland for the Jewish people it is also a matter of nationality. And a Jewish state is not a monopoly of rabbis. It is not. It is about the nature of the State of Israel. It is about Jewish tradition. It is about Jewish history, regardless of the question of what each and every Israeli citizen does in his own home on Saturdays and what he does on the Jewish holidays. We need to maintain the nature of the State of Israel, the character of the State of Israel, because this is the raison d'etre of the State of Israel." Homeland for the Jewish people

neg: Findlay v. McAllister courts, issued for the satisfaction of the judgment of a private suitor, and thus render the judgment nugatory and worthless. Such a conclusion would be contrary to the principles of the common law and of right and justice. It is no answer to the case made by the petition to say, as the defendant, by his counsel, does, that the judgment of the plaintiff is still in force and bearing interest, and the liability of the county still remains undisturbed. What is a judgment worth that cannot be enforced? The gravamen of the plaintiff's complaint is that the defendants have

neg: Interposition a state that a federal law is unconstitutional accompanied by a declaration that the law is void and may not be enforced in the state. Interposition also involves a declaration by a state that a federal law is unconstitutional, but interposition as originally conceived does not result in a declaration by the state that the federal law may not be enforced in the state. Rather, the law would still be enforced. Thus, interposition may be seen as more moderate than nullification. There are various actions that a state might take to "interpose" itself once it has determined that a federal

neg: Costume coordination to read these costumes. There are popular costumes used in the 1300-1500s and also modern day costumes. These costumes discuss what certain costumes have and what does it mean. It also point out specific ways to educate oneself on the way costumes are used. There's a director of a costume organization named, Deborah Landis that who suggest helping students and teachers to appreciate costume designs more. The article digs in a little deeper, particularly focusing on media literacy and observation. It talks about the collaborations between costume designers, directors, and cinematographer. The article is similar to "Role of Importance" by

neg: Rail transportation in the United States analysis is that it does not account for the externalities or "spill-over" effects of the railroads, which (if included) may have increased his estimate for social savings [definition needed]. Railroads provided much of the demand for the technological advances in a number of areas, including heat dynamics, combustion engineering, thermodynamics, metallurgy, civil engineering, machining, and metal fabrication. Furthermore, Fogel does not discuss the role railroads played in the development of the financial system or in attracting foreign capital, which otherwise might not have been available. Fishlow estimates that the railroad’s social savings—or what he terms "direct benefits"—were higher than those

neg: Galena and Southern Wisconsin Railroad narrow gauge and smaller railroads in the area were also bought out by the C&NW as well as other growing major railroad companies at the time. A museum of local narrow gauge railroads exists in Fennimore, Wisconsin. A Galena Gazette article dated tells of the widening of the Buncombe Tunnel on the border between Illinois and Wisconsin, near Buncombe P.O., to change the entire road to the standard gauge rails used by the C&NW. The old right-of-way, now abandoned, can still be seen in some places, tracing what was once a small but prosperous locally owned and operated railroad empire

neg: Glenroe soap actor's experience with a stranger in an airport. Anna Friel, who played Beth Jordache in "Brookside", was accosted in an airport by a passenger mistaking her for the character she played. The article asked, ""What is so special about soaps? What attracts viewers in such large numbers? What effect does watching TV serials have on people? Does the popularity of soap operas tell us anything about ourselves?"" Jeffers wrote; ""Soap operas are characterised by realism. They often feature topical social problems... Biddy and Miley’s marriage has come under stress in Glenroe. They also mostly take place in real time,

neg: Investigate (magazine) use hard-hitting tactics. It was unfair of the magazine to headline Dr Sinclair’s response to Simon Jones article: gutter journalism scares parents: health authorities, implying she had used that derogatory term in her response. However, the Press Council does not think that, taken overall, the Investigate articles go beyond what is acceptable in this adversary style of journalism." The second upheld complaints by Air New Zealand about an article in the September 2007 issue of Investigate magazine headlined on the cover: "Exclusive. Air NZ’s secret flights. Why our state-owned airline is flying US troops into war". The Press Council criticised

neg: The Unreality of Time by existing, then it remains to show that this is what the A-view of time assumes. Having come to the conclusion that reality can neither form an A- nor a B-series, despite appearances to the contrary, then McTaggart finds it necessary to explain what the world is really like such that it appears to be different from what it appears to be. Here is where the C-series comes into play. McTaggart does not say much about the C-series in the original journal article, but in "The Nature of Existence" he devotes six whole chapters to discuss it (1927: Chs. 44–9).

neg: Chinese marriage doing so. During the Mao era (1949–1976) divorce was rare, but in the reform era, it has become easier and more commonplace. A USC U.S.-China Institute article reports that the divorce rate in 2006 was about 1.4/1000 people, about twice what it was in 1990 and more than three times what it was in 1982. Still, the divorce rate in China is less than half what it is in the United States. One of the most important breakthroughs in the marriage institution were amendments added to the Marriage Law in 2001, which shortened the divorce-application procedure and added legitimate reasons

neg: History of Missouri middle class and rural evangelical Protestants. Folk, a Democrat, was elected governor as a progressive reformer in the 1904 election. He promoted what he called "the Missouri Idea", the concept of Missouri as a leader in public morality through popular control of law and strict enforcement. He successfully conducted antitrust prosecutions, ended free railroad passes for state officials, extended bribery statues, improved election laws, required formal registration for lobbyists, made racetrack gambling illegal, and enforced the Sunday-closing law. He helped enact Progressive legislation, including an initiative and referendum provision, regulation of elections, education, employment and child labor, railroads, food, business,

neg: Sican culture Sican culture "This article concerns the Sican Culture of what is now Peru. For the people of ancient Sicily, see the article Sicani." The Sican (also Sicán) culture is the name that archaeologist Izumi Shimada gave to the culture that inhabited what is now the north coast of Peru between about 750 and 1375. According to Shimada, "Sican" means "temple of the Moon". The Sican culture is also referred to as Lambayeque culture, after the name of the region in Peru. It succeeded the Moche culture. There is still controversy among archeologists and anthropologists over whether the two are separate

neg: Sican culture the fall of the Sican to the Chimú. Sican culture "This article concerns the Sican Culture of what is now Peru. For the people of ancient Sicily, see the article Sicani." The Sican (also Sicán) culture is the name that archaeologist Izumi Shimada gave to the culture that inhabited what is now the north coast of Peru between about 750 and 1375. According to Shimada, "Sican" means "temple of the Moon". The Sican culture is also referred to as Lambayeque culture, after the name of the region in Peru. It succeeded the Moche culture. There is still controversy among archeologists

neg: Negotiable instrument it can still be transferred to a third party, but the third party can have no better right than the transferor. In the United States, Articles 3 and 4 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) govern the issuance and transfer of negotiable instruments, unless the instruments are governed by Article 8 of the UCC. The various state law enactments of UCC §§ 3–104(a) through (d) set forth the legal definition of what is and what is not a "negotiable instrument": Thus, for a writing to be a negotiable instrument under Article 3, the following requirements must be met: The latter

neg: Lydia Loveless on the road, and looking into what life is like for a band at her level in the music industry. "I also wanted to look at stuff we normally don’t see a lot of. What are the finances for a band like this? Where does the money go? Who gets the money? Is Spotify good? Is Spotify bad? How does piracy affect you? What about the fans? I really wanted to go into all of that for a band that can still sell out 200-250 seat venues and bars but is still all travelling in an old Ford van. A

neg: Politics of the Empire of Brazil The term "dictatorship" () used by the author does not have a pejorative connotation and merely exemplifies what he perceives as the force of morality and justice that Pedro II imposed in his role as constitutional monarch. According article 102 of the Constitution of 1824, "the Emperor is the Head of Executive Power, and exercises it by his Ministers of State". However, in 1847 the Emperor Pedro II created the office of the President of the Council of Ministers to hold executive power, although the Emperor still possesses executive powers currently common to the Prime Minister of a monarchy. In

neg: Moncure Robinson Railroad, 1830-1831, and for what would become the Catawissa Railroad in the anthracite country (all later part of the Reading). All had inclines and connected to canals—still within the early British tradition of railroads being an adjunct to water/canal transport systems. While building one of the short coal railroads of the anthracite region Robinson also served as post master of Port Clinton, Pennsylvania, where an early home of his still stands. He led in the effort to influence the carriage of mail by train. Back in his native state, Robinson built the Chesterfield Railroad, a thirteen-mile coal road with incline,

neg: Amber Rudd had not known of targets. Later still, "The Guardian" published leaked evidence that Rudd had known about targets: "The six-page memo, passed to the Guardian, says the department has set 'a target of achieving 12,800 enforced returns in 2017–18' and indicates that 'we have exceeded our target of assisted returns'. It adds that progress has been made on a 'path towards the 10% increased performance on enforced returns, which we promised the Home Secretary earlier this year'". The revelation contradicted Rudd’s public pronouncements concerning what she was aware of the targets for enforcing the removal of immigrants. The "New Statesman"

neg: Kenneth Maryboy state services currently available to Utah tribes and asked for specific programs to be maintained, despite the economic challenges faced by the state. Kenneth Maryboy went on to state, ""With proposed budgetary cuts, it is important as tribal leaders that we are clear about what state programs we believe are most important to retain. It is also pertinent we are clear about what our goals are in terms of strengthening state and tribal relations"." Currently, although politics does take up much of Kenneth's time, he has found hobbies and activities to help balance out the fast pace public service life.

neg: What About Livingstone? it or not, there’s an Abba song called "What About Livingstone?"". "Bright Lights Dark Shadows: The Real Story of Abba" says both songs "get by on their whimsical charm". "Abba - Uncensored on the Record" suggests "What About Livingston?" and "King Kong Song" were novelty songs. It said "What About Livingston?" was "catchy" and "nice", though adds that there is nothing special about it. What About Livingstone? "What About Livingstone?" is a song by ABBA, released on their 1974 album "Waterloo". The Guardian article "Abba, The Complete Studio Recordings" described it as a song that "admonished Swedish youth for their

neg: No Religious Test Clause other grounds, we find it unnecessary to consider appellant's contention that this provision applies to state as well as federal offices." In the 1997 case of "Silverman v. Campbell" the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that the state constitution requiring an oath to God for employment in the public sector violated Article VI of the federal constitution, as well as the First and Fourteenth Amendments, and therefore could not be enforced. The other seven states still have similar provisions in their constitutions, but they are not enforced in modern times because it is taken for granted they would be held

neg: United Kingdom competition law 21 years could have this bond enforced against him since the time and place was certain. It was also held that a man cannot bind himself to not use his trade generally by Chief Justice Coke. This was followed in "Broad v Jolyffe" and "Mitchell v Reynolds" where Lord Macclesfield asked, "What does it signify to a tradesman in London what another does in Newcastle?" In times of such slow communications, commerce around the country it seemed axiomatic that a general restraint served no legitimate purpose for one's business and ought to be void. But already in 1880 in "Roussillon

neg: Impression Prods., Inc. v. Lexmark Int'l, Inc. be enforced under the patent laws, that language went beyond the actual facts of the cases. First, the sales were in most cases without any condition or restriction on what the buyer might do with the product. Second, in the cases where an explicit condition or restriction was imposed, the case involved a tie-in or a price-fix. The Court conceded that in the "General Electric" case, the Supreme Court had said: “It is well settled, as already said, that where a patentee makes the patented article, and sells it, he can exercise no future control over what the purchaser may

neg: Axiom for that matter, "to be equal") has to be well established first, or a purely formal and syntactical usage of the symbol formula_17 has to be enforced, only regarding it as a string and only a string of symbols, and mathematical logic does indeed do that. Another, more interesting example axiom scheme, is that which provides us with what is known as Universal Instantiation: Where the symbol formula_18 stands for the formula formula_1 with the term formula_20 substituted for formula_21. (See Substitution of variables.) In informal terms, this example allows us to state that, if we know that a certain

neg: What About Love (The Desert Rose Band song) magazine spoke of the campaign in an article based on the band's "Life Goes On" album. Under the headline "Mystery Teaser Campaign", the article stated ""Curb's teaser campaign behind "What About Love," the first single from the new album, demonstrated that Desert Rose Band still stands out. Curb sent the single out to all reporting stations in a black box, gold-embossed with "The Magic and Mystery of Music". There was no other identification on the CD or envelop, so programmers were asked to identify the group on a contest entry form and send it to an anonymous post office box

neg: Mexican–American War could not be released from its obligations. The US was released from all obligations of Article XI five years later by Article II of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war and enforced the Mexican Cession of the northern territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México to the United States. Mexico acknowledged the loss of what became the State of Texas and accepted the Rio Grande as its northern border with the U.S. The losses amounted to one-third of its original territory from its 1821 independence. Before the secession of

neg: On the Origin of the "Influencing Machine" in Schizophrenia In any event, there is no question that television does what the schizophrenic fantasy says it does. It places in our minds images of reality which are outside our experience. The pictures come in the form of rays from a box. They cause changes in feeling and ... utter confusion as to what is real and what is not." On the Origin of the "Influencing Machine" in Schizophrenia "On the Origin of the 'Influencing Machine' in Schizophrenia" is an article written by psychoanalyst Viktor Tausk. It was first published in 1919 in the journal "Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse" and then,

neg: Theatre Organ Society International an officially recognized body in any state, we are still a group of great friends and we still have a mission. For a while, we did what we intended to do to fulfill our mission; this scholarship will allow us to continue to do some of that for a few more years." Following this, a detailed article about the organization's history was included, written by Jack Moelmann. It ended by saying "This concludes the background and history of the Theatre Organ Society International (TOSI). In its nine years of existence, did it make a difference? Only time will tell! It

neg: Böckenförde dilemma accept this state and engage in it, among other things with the argument that the state has to rely on their ethical shaping force." In 2010 Böckenförde clarified it as follows: "To conceive of such a state the liberal order needs a unifying ethos, a "sense of community" among those who live in this state. The question then becomes: what is creating this ethos, which can neither be enforced by the state nor compelled by a sovereign? One can say: first the common culture. But what are the elements and factors of that culture? Then indeed we are dealing with

neg: Water supply and sanitation in Brazil urban management. PLANASA was formally abolished in 1992, making it more difficult for state governments to finance state water companies. The 1988 Federal Constitution does not clearly assign the responsibility for water supply and sanitation to either municipalities or states. Both can implement programs, provided the basic guidelines issued by the Federal Government are followed. A complicated web of un-enforced or weakly enforced statutory requirements (e.g. permit requirements) persisted. An effect of the new constitution was to render the responsibility for water provision "less clearly defined". Article 30 of the 1988 constitution allows municipal government to legislate in matters of

neg: Attention schema theory better by constructing a rich, internal model of what attention is, how it changes over time, what its consequences are, and what state it is in at any moment. Most of the experimental research on AST is therefore focused on the control of attention. In specific, when people are relatively less aware of a visual stimulus, and yet still directing attention to that stimulus, does attention behave as though its controller has a weakened or absent internal model? Initial experiments suggest that this may be true, though many more experiments would be needed to make the case. According to one

neg: Victory for the Slain was editorializing about the negative effects of war on children. In an article written for "The Nation", Lofting railed against what he called “tin-soldierism,” a state of mind common at the time that glorified war and “heroic deaths”. He attacked the so-called children’s classics about heroes galloping across battlefields. “That kind of battlefield has gone for good,” he wrote, “it is still bloody, but you don’t gallop. And since that kind of battlefield has gone, that kind of book—for children—should go too.” Lofting would become an internationalist as a result of his experiences stemming from World War I and advocated

neg: George C. Homans generalizing science. What were the best possibilities for establishing generalizations? What were the main intellectual issues? By what handle shall we lay hold on it? "" ""As far as what good my work does people, I’m sorry to say that it does much more by way of alerting people to what may go wrong than it does in telling them what they can do about it."" ""When you’re talking about reforming an industrial system, you have to talk about something that can be operated across the board. With much attention, very skilled people, small groups, reform always can be successful

neg: Self-defence in international law attack occurs, and that other acts of self-defence are banned by article 2(4). The more widely held opinion is that article 51 acknowledges this general right, and proceeds to lay down procedures for the specific situation when an armed attack does occur. Under the latter interpretation, the legitimate use of self-defence in situations when an armed attack has not actually occurred is still permitted. It is also to be noted that not every act of violence will constitute an armed attack. The ICJ has tried to clarify, in the Nicaragua case, what level of force is necessary to qualify as

neg: Ajahn Thate of ease and solitude to which nothing else in the world can compare. When the mind withdraws from concentration, you will regret that that mood has passed, and you will remember it clearly. All that we say about concentration comes from the mind which has withdrawn from that state. As long as it is still gathered in that state, we aren't interested in what anyone else says or does. You have to train the mind to enter this sort of concentration often, so as to become skilled and adept, but don't try to remember your past states of concentration, and

neg: Dead Space (comics) she yells "Necrotic flesh 'Braham, it infects dead bodies!" At the morgue, Carthusia says "Altman be praised" as a Necromorph approaches him from behind. The story picks up from where Issue Four left off. Neumann is still confused about the situation with the Marker and what it does. "All right, fine, so it mutates dead bodies, but what killed them in the first place? This... stuff?" Marla replies that she's not sure. She attempts to call the "Ishimura" but with no luck as the comm is still down. They both watch in disgust as one of the bodies starts to

neg: Durham, California the Durham Family. It is named for W. W. Durham, member of the California State Assembly. The Durham House still stands today as a reminder of what Durham was back in its early years. Durham was a town in which a railroad ran through and still does today. The railroad is what developed this town and kept it alive. The Durham Flour Mill, which burned down several times, was an integral part of this community. On June 1, 2011, a tornado rated at EF-1, struck south of Durham, uprooting thousands of almond trees, destroying an out building and damaging a

neg: Academic writing is to influence a discourse community to think differently. At the same time the discourse community does not expect to see any writing that appears too foreign. For this reason the academic writer must follow the constraints (see article section below) set by the discourse community so his or her ideas earn approval and respect. Constraints are the discourse community's written and unwritten conventions about what a writer can say and how he or she can say it. They define what is an acceptable argument. Each discourse community expects to see a writer construct his or her argument using their

neg: Nick Lowe In 1990 he wrote a song, "Who Was That Man?" about a man who died in the King's Cross fire. In 1992, "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding" was covered by Curtis Stigers on the soundtrack album to "The Bodyguard", an album that sold about 44 million copies worldwide. A New York "Daily News" article quoted Lowe as saying his greatest fear in recent years was "sticking with what you did when you were famous." "I didn't want to become one of those thinning-haired, jowly old geezers who still does the same shtick they did when they were

neg: Four Upbuilding Discourses, 1843 does that mean? He had already asked himself about the soul in "Either/Or" in this way: I shall suggest in a few words the danger that faces a person in the moment of despair, the reef on which he can be stranded and utterly shipwrecked. The Bible says: For what would it profit a person if he gained the whole world but damaged his own soul; what would he have in return? Scripture does not state the antithesis to this, but it is implicit in the sentence. The antitheses would read something like this: What damage would there be to

neg: Andromeda (mythology) looked so attractive in/white/Andromeda” Henry Louis Gates Jr wrote about the black Andromeda in a 2014 article for The Root magazine. In his article Gates points out the inaccuracies seen in the film Clash of the Titans. The original, the remake and the sequel all have Andromeda cast as a white women, when Ovid describes her as black and both her parents were black. In his book "Amazing Fact About the Negro" Gates has at No 68: "What was the original colour of the mythical beauty Andromeda - and why does it matter?" The book is his homage to Joel

neg: Does exactly what it says on the tin began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product "does exactly what it says on the tube". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled "What It Says on the Tin" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan

neg: Recognition of same-sex unions in Venezuela for same-sex marriage, who had asked for clarity on Article 21 (the article about equality before the law) and Article 77 (the article about marriage). They argued that the sentence is unclear and does not determine the possibility of recognition of economic and social rights for same-sex couples. Furthermore, they asked whether same-sex couples have the rights mentioned above and what is the scope of these rights: property in case of a dissolution of the couple by separation or death, the legal obligations of mutual assistance, the right to adoption, the benefits of social security as a couple, protection against

neg: Pērkonkrusts Pērkonkrusts as having been a "small but genuine fascist opposition" which "pursued a revolutionary solution to the [economic] crisis and which would turn Latvia into an authoritarian state based on a new élite with a new corporatist economy", with its politics defined by "integralist nationalism". Building on Griffin's definition of generic fascism, a categorisation of Pērkonkrusts as "anti-German national socialism" has also been proposed in an article from 2015. Aside from the party's newspaper, "Pērkonkrusts" (1933–34), the main source of information on the political platform of Pērkonkrusts can be found in the 1933 brochure, "Pērkonkrusts: What Is It? What Does

neg: Elrod v. Burns whether religion, recreation, social work or politics is his hobby, unless what he or she does impairs efficiency or other facets of the merits of his job." – Mr. Justice Douglas The court had deemed this as a balance between not restricting speech and making sure that public employees do not over step the boundaries of the office due to political affiliation. The 14th Amendment states that all constitutional rights and laws are to be enforced at the state level. In Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois 497 U.S. 62 (1990), the state of Illinois put a hiring freeze on

neg: American business history financial system and a common legal system. The railroads at first supplemented, then largely replaced the previous transportation modes of turnpikes and canals, rivers and intracoastal ocean traffic. The late 19th century pipelines were added, and in the 20th century trucking and aviation. Railroads financing provided the basis of the private (non-governmental) financial system. Construction of railroads was far more expensive than factories or canals. The famous Erie canal, 300 miles long in upstate New York, cost $7 million of state money, which was about what private investors spent on one short railroad in Western Massachusetts. A new steamboat on

neg: History of Tourette syndrome Tourette syndrome, and how closely Tourette's is related to other movement disorders or psychiatric disorders. Good epidemiologic data is still lacking, and available treatments are not risk free and not always well tolerated. The direction of current and future research in Tourette's was outlined in a 2005 journal article by the outgoing chairman of the TSA Scientific Advisory Board. Swerdlow divides the research landscape into five broad questions about Tourette's: what is it, who has it, what causes it, how it should be studied, and how it should be (medically) treated. According to Swerdlow, "the 'core' TS conundrum" is a

neg: History of rail transport in the United States turnpikes and canals, rivers and intracoastal ocean traffic. For highly efficient Northern railroads played a major role in winning the Civil War, while the overburdened Southern lines collapsed in the face of an insurmountable challenge. In the late 19th century pipelines were built for the oil trade, and in the 20th century trucking and aviation emerged. Railroads financing provided the basis of the private (non-governmental) financial system. Construction of railroads was far more expensive than factories or canals. The famous Erie canal, 300 miles long in upstate New York, cost $7 million of state money, which was about what private

neg: Amir Ahmad Nasr In a June 2011 article for the Guardian, he wrote that the secession of what is now South Sudan would not end Sudan's “Afro-Arab identity crisis” or “magically turn the country into a genuinely Arab Islamic nation-state despite what Omar al-Bashir may want.” On the contrary, he wrote, “Sudan always has been and always will be a multi-ethnic, multi-religious melting pot.” In January 2012, he wrote an article for Al Jazeera, titled "Reviving the "New Sudan vision. The article is about John Garang, the Southern Sudanese Christian rebel turned-statesmen. In June 2012, he wrote an article for "Foreign Policy" entitled

neg: Mountain Creek Waterpark As a result of problems at the original Action Park, New Jersey toughened its amusement regulations. During the Mountain Creek era, many of the rides built during the heyday of Action Park boasted large bilingual signs advising patrons of just what the ride entails, how deep the water is in metric and US customary units, the age it is most appropriate for, and the state regulatory ID numbers. Safety rules are strictly enforced at the new park, although alcohol is still available. In 2010, Intrawest, which ended up in bankruptcy proceedings itself as a result of a leveraged buyout, sold

neg: Ethnocide The drafters of the 1948 Genocide Convention considered the use of the term, but dropped it from their consideration. The legal definition of genocide is left unspecific about the exact nature in which genocide is done only that it is destruction with intent to destroy a racial, religious, ethnic or national group as such. Article 7 of a 1994 draft of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples uses both the word "ethnocide" and the phrase "cultural genocide" but does not define what they mean. The complete article reads as follows: The United Nations Declaration on the

neg: The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,

neg: Quehanna Wild Area plateau was unusual in using standard gauge track for its logging railroads: most such railways were narrow gauge. The logging railroads used special geared steam locomotives, such as the Shay, Climax and Heisler. Nine companies operated logging railroads in what became Moshannon State Forest; the Goodyear Lumber Company was the largest and cut much of what became Quehanna Wild Area between 1902 and 1912. The Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company logged land in the northern part of the wild area between 1907 and 1911. There were only two major roads on the Quehanna plateau in the 19th and early 20th centuries,

neg: Piracy in the Atlantic World and even some who do not think that it matters. Prior to Furbank and Owens' work on Defoe's canon, some scholars accepted that Defoe authored A General History, while others postulated that authorship does not matter. However some people still believed that Defoe was the author. Some scholars compared the work to other records and sources from the time and concluded that A General History is highly significant for its amount of accuracy, regardless of attribution. What is most important about this work is not who penned it, but that it represents what people thought about pirates in the early

neg: William Spriggs [blacks]. . . . America is like a train and we're the caboose. If you're in the caboose, it means you're going forward, but you're still the last car." Spriggs notes that some do not view the world as he does. "When we talk of housing disparities, education problems ... many [immigrants] don't think that affects them," said William Spriggs, executive director of the National Urban League Institute for Opportunity and Equality. "Black politicians . . . haven't been able to get [immigrants] to buy into what white America is all about, about what white privilege is. Immigrants don't come

neg: Freedom of religion by country hostages and murdering members of religious minorities in territory held by their soldiers. Jihadist groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Jabhat Al-Nusra have enforced very strict interpretations of Sunni religious law in their territory, executing civilians for blasphemy, adultery, and other charges. Watchdog organizations have documented extensive persecution of Yazidi people, particularly women, who have been routinely forced into sexual slavery by the Islamic State in what Human Rights Watch described as an "organized system of rape and sexual assault". Article 13 of the constitution of the Republic of China provides that the people

neg: Jeremy Corbyn "Channel 4 News" in July 2015 why he had called representatives from Hamas and Hezbollah "friends", Corbyn explained, "I use it in a collective way, saying our friends are prepared to talk," and that the specific occasion he used it was to introduce speakers from Hezbollah at a Parliamentary meeting about the Middle East. He said that he does not condone the actions of either organisation: "Does it mean I agree with Hamas and what it does? No. Does it mean I agree with Hezbollah and what they do? No. What it means is that I think to bring about

neg: Jorge Rodriguez-Gerada and this piece embraces that fact. I decided to create the face of a young adult male because I want to talk about the reality of this demographic group in the U.S. Nothing affects us more than the arbitrary nature of identity. We are judged immediately by preconceptions about how we look and where we come from. For minorities, the reality is still harsh." The venture was a landmark project for the National Portrait Gallery. The gallery director, Kim Sajet, said "We're moving into a new age of what a National Portrait Gallery is, what it does, and how it

neg: Still Brazy was handled by P-Lo. "Still Brazy" received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 83, based on 14 reviews. David Jeffries of AllMusic said, "A heavy album that doesn't pander to what's PC, what's on the radio, or what safe, suburban America believes." Martín Caballero of "The Boston Globe" said, "Here, it's less about what Y.G. does than how he does it; digging deeper into vintage G-funk flavors with a blend of personal, party, and political tracks, the young Compton rapper

neg: Fiona de Londras the government to meet the needs of those it governs. Article 40.3.3 does not allow for a legislative structure that meets the needs of the thousands of women in Ireland who every year access abortion outside of the healthcare structures in this state". During her appearance before the Committee she was confronted by Senator Ronán Mullen who said she appeared to be incapable of using the term "unborn", and accused her of presenting advocacy rather than informed opinion. In response she said she was "agnostic" about what term was used. "Foetal life, unborn life, prenatal life, I’m happy to use

neg: Ernst Käsemann started this phase when he published his famous article "The Problem of the Historical Jesus" during 1954, originally his inaugural lecture as Professor in Göttingen in 1951. Käsemann developed what became known as the double criterion of difference in evaluating the historical reliability of the synoptic gospels. Put simply, what is historically reliable about Jesus can be deduced from material about Jesus which is neither plausible in a first-century Jewish nor an early Christian context. In addition to this, he proposed additional criteria, such as multiple attestation (does a particular story or saying of Jesus appear in independent traditions?) and

neg: Parapsychology that psi does not exist, and so, even if it does not, the search is likely to continue for a long time to come. "I continue to believe that parapsychology is, at bottom, motivated by belief in search of data, rather than data in search of explanation." Richard Land has written that from what is known about human biology it is highly unlikely that evolution has provided humans with ESP as research has shown the recognized five senses are adequate for the evolution and survival of the species. Michael Shermer in an article "Psychic Drift: Why most scientists do not

neg: Argument from reason this article). Anscombe's second criticism questioned the intelligibility of Lewis's intended contrast between "valid" and "invalid" reasoning. She wrote: "What "can" you mean by 'valid' beyond what would be indicated by the explanation you would give for distinguishing between valid and invalid, and what in the naturalistic hypothesis prevents that explanation from being given and from meaning what it does?" (Anscombe 1981: 226) Her point is that it makes no sense to contrast "valid" and "invalid" reasoning unless it is possible for some forms of reasoning to be valid. Lewis later conceded (Anscombe 1981: 231) that "valid" was a bad

neg: Republic a quotation of Benjamin Franklin taken from the notes of James McHenry where the question is put forth, "a Republic or a Monarchy?". The term republic does not appear in the Declaration of Independence, but does appear in Article IV of the Constitution which "guarantee[s] to every State in this Union a Republican form of Government." What exactly the writers of the constitution felt this should mean is uncertain. The Supreme Court, in "Luther v. Borden" (1849), declared that the definition of "republic" was a "political question" in which it would not intervene. In two later cases, it did establish

neg: Mind–body dualism mental events "qualia." There is something "that it's like" to feel pain, to see a familiar shade of blue, and so on. There are "qualia" involved in these mental events. And the claim is that qualia cannot be reduced to anything physical. Thomas Nagel first characterized the problem of qualia for physicalistic monism in his article, "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?". Nagel argued that even if we knew everything there was to know from a third-person, scientific perspective about a bat's sonar system, we still wouldn't know what it is like to "be" a bat. However, others

neg: Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn "friends", Corbyn explained, "I use it in a collective way, saying our friends are prepared to talk," and that the specific occasion he used it was to introduce speakers from Hezbollah at a Parliamentary meeting about the Middle East. He said that he does not condone the actions of either organisation: "Does it mean I agree with Hamas and what it does? No. Does it mean I agree with Hezbollah and what they do? No. What it means is that I think to bring about a peace process, you have to talk to people with whom you may profoundly disagree

neg: Unemployment in Spain in 1975 of 30.20, followed by 34.71 in 1982, and 41.20 in 1986. In addition to the progression of women in the workforce, the elimination of Franco’s “Fuera del Trabajo” in 1938, which enforced the replacement of women workers with men, serves as a reminder of how far woman have come in terms of women’s active role in the economic development of Spain. Although progress has been made, it is still from being considered a pure gender equal state. A wage gap exists in Spain where in 2005, women residing in Spain earned less than what men did by 72

neg: Does exactly what it says on the tin Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases "by name and by nature" and "it lives up to its name". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave

neg: Two Dogmas of Empiricism of a Dogma". Among other things, they argue that Quine's skepticism about synonyms leads to a skepticism about meaning. If statements can have meanings, then it would make sense to ask "What does it mean?". If it makes sense to ask "What does it mean?", then synonymy can be defined as follows: Two sentences are synonymous if and only if the true answer of the question "What does it mean?" asked of one of them is the true answer to the same question asked of the other. They also draw the conclusion that discussion about correct or incorrect translations would

neg: No free lunch theorem as vice versa. This statement about "sets of priors" is what is most important about NFL, not the fact that any two algorithms perform equally for the single, specific prior distribution that assigns equal probability to all environments. While the NFL is important to understand the fundamental limitation for a set of problems, it does not state anything about each particular instance of a problem that can arise in practice. That is, the NFL states what the NFL states in the mathematical statements and it is nothing more than that. For example, it applies to the situations where the algorithm

neg: Gideon Levy Knesset, Yariv Levin, called for Levy to be put on trial for treason. In 2013 Levy published an article about what he views as a disgraceful attitude towards African asylum seekers in Israel. In considering the reasons for this attitude he wrote "This time the issue is not security, Israel’s state religion. Nor are still talking about a flood of refugees, because the border with Egypt has been closed. So the only explanation for this disgraceful treatment lies in the national psyche. The migrants’ color is the problem. A million immigrants from Russia, a third of them non-Jews, some of

neg: History of railroads in Michigan governments. During what one historian called "southern Michigan's railroad mania" many lines were built without a true appreciation of potential profitability, resulting in a financial landscape littered with bankruptcies and companies in receivership. Railroads continue to operate in the state of Michigan, although at a reduced level. Michigan is served by 4 Class I railroads: the Canadian National Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX Transportation, and Norfolk Southern Railway. These are augmented by several dozen short line railroads. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to freight, with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions. There is

neg: Patent be provided. The application also includes one or more claims that define what a patent covers or the "scope of protection". After filing, an application is often referred to as "patent pending". While this term does not confer legal protection, and a patent cannot be enforced until granted, it serves to provide warning to potential infringers that if the patent is issued, they may be liable for damages. Once filed, a patent application is "prosecuted". A patent examiner reviews the patent application to determine if it meets the patentability requirements of that country. If the application does not comply, objections

neg: The Outsiders (Eric Church album) was the best-selling country album of 2014 in the United States. In regard to the album's sound and genre, Church emphasized that he does not define his music by genre, calling it an "outdated concept." He goes further to say "I think the interesting thing is that there still are a bunch of stigmas about what this is or what that is. But I think the stigmas go away in the next 10 years, if they're not already going away now. I don't know what that means, I really don't." According to CMT, Church goes further to say "I think

neg: Relatives in Descent According to "NPR", the album is "a collection of lyrically dense, deeply philosophical [...] songs that grapple with some of life's thorniest questions: What does it mean to be human? What is truth? What is the nature of good and evil?". Casey refuses to classify the album as "an anti-Trump album [...] I don’t think this album is any more political than our previous records, but people are picking up on it more because it’s a constant bombardment” despite being "half informed by America, post-election". "A Private Understanding", which is "almost a worldwide proclamation about the dire state of things

neg: Nostalgia Critic films that are still currently in theaters to avoid copyright infringement instead of stills and clips. These reviews instead feature scenes from the movies re-enacted comedically by Walker, his family and other Channel Awesome contributors. Walker describes his philosophy thus: "[We need a critic of nostalgia] because everybody already does it. When we look at movies and shows from our youth, they're rarely as good as we remember them, and oftentimes it's quite humorous to compare what you liked then to what you like now. That's basically what the Nostalgia Critic is about, looking back at just how much nostalgia

neg: Taste of Cherry incident. What I do feel, however, is that Kiarostami's style here is an affectation; the subject matter does not make it necessary, and is not benefited by it. If we're to feel sympathy for Badhi, wouldn't it help to know more about him? To know, in fact, anything at all about him? What purpose does it serve to suggest at first he may be a homosexual? (Not what purpose for the audience--what purpose for Badhi himself? Surely he must be aware his intentions are being misinterpreted.) And why must we see Kiarostami's camera crew--a tiresome distancing strategy to remind us

neg: Publication of Darwin's theory his papers had been published on their own, without Darwin's papers. Darwin was still sensitive on the point, and assured Wallace that he "had absolutely nothing whatever to do with leading Lyell and Hooker to what they thought was a fair course of action". He responded to Wallace's enquiry about what Lyell thought of the theory by saying that "I think he is somewhat staggered, but does not give in and speaks with horror [of] what a job it would be for the next edition of "The Principles" [of Geology] if he were "perverted". But he is most candid and

neg: Circus Diablo and what does that matter? We played the songs and had fun. Then I got busy, the tour support dried up, and that was the end of round one. Now I find myself wanting to record more music. So I began writing. And, of course, I am still very good friends with Billy and Matt. So the way I see it is this: write songs first, without worrying about what they’re for, or where they’re gonna’ come out. If the managers put a “Diablo Album Number Two” deal together, maybe we’ll do that. Who knows? All I care about is

neg: Scripophily anyone famous or to a famous company? Rarity - How many of the certificates were issued? How many survived over the years? Is the certificate a low number? Demand for Item - How many people are trying to collect the same certificate? Aesthetics - How does the certificate look? What is in the vignette? What color of ink was used? Does it have fancy borders or writing on it? Type of company - What type of company was it issued for? Does the industry still exist? Has the industry changed a lot over the years? Original Face Value - How

neg: The Wealth and Poverty of Nations 1998 at Northwestern University. Additionally, an alternate theory relies on literacy and the gap between Protestants and Catholics as an explanation for the difference in economic results. The economist Paul Krugman remarked in The Trouble with History (article published on his MIT-hosted blog) that the book, while containing an enormous amount of information, offered very few ideas. « What (does) ... Landes actually believe? And the answer, which seems to me to be damning, is that I am not sure. (...) So I am still waiting for a book that helps me understand what really happened in this utterly perplexing

neg: Stoyan Christowe his teenage years. In 1929, in an article in "The Outlook and Independent" he addressed the issue candidly: What has been there result of this long gestation in the womb of America? Despite the readiness and zeal with which I tossed myself in the melting pot I still am not wholly an American and never will be. It is not my fault. I have done all I could. America will not accept me. America wanted more, it wanted complete transformation inward and outward. That is impossible in one generation. Then what is my fate? What am I? Am I still

neg: Michael Scott Paper Company a "rundown" of his client information. Jim does not know what a rundown is, but is too embarrassed to ask because he has been making such a poor impression with Charles. Jim spends much of the day trying to figure out what a rundown is, making several failed attempts to figure it out by chatting vaguely about it with Charles and other coworkers. When he finally finishes what he believes is a rundown, Charles does not look at it and simply asks Jim to fax it to everyone on the distribution list. Jim does not know what the distribution list

neg: Frank Lawton (I) Frank Lawton (I) Frank Lawton (? – 1914) was an American vaudevillian entertainer whose popularity extended far beyond his country’s borders. Like so many 19th- and early 20th-century actors who made their living traveling from town to town often under assumed stage names, Frank Lawton’s past is difficult to trace. What evidence does exist tells us he was an American born in the late 1850s probably at Harford, Connecticut. Some sources state his birth name was Frank Mokeley, a claim that seems to date back to a 1933 "New York Times" article about his son, film actor Frank Lawton. This

neg: Transfers of Undertakings Directive 2001 transferor has to state what these are beforehand. Article 4 This provides the idea that dismissals should not take place just because there is a transfer. But dismissals can be made for 'any economic, technical and organisational reason'. Article 5 Member states can derogate from Art. 3 and 4 where the company is insolvent. Article 6 This states that employee representatives positions should not change where the undertaking retains autonomy through the transfer. It is talking mainly about unions. Article 7 This provides that employers thinking of transfers must consult with the workforce beforehand, through employee representatives. Article 8-14 These

neg: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co smoke ball. Bowen LJ's opinion was more tightly structured in style and is frequently cited. Five main steps in his reasoning can be identified. First, he says that the contract was not too vague to be enforced, because it could be interpreted according to what ordinary people would understand by it. He differed slightly from Lindley LJ on what time period one could contract flu and still have a claim (Lindley LJ said a "reasonable time" after use, while Bowen LJ said "while the smoke ball is used"), but this was not a crucial point, because the fact was that

neg: Venice Charter can only be justified in exceptional circumstances and when what is removed is of little interest and the material which is brought to light is of great historical, archaeological or aesthetic value, and its state of preservation good enough to justify the action. Evaluation of the importance of the elements involved and the decision as to what may be destroyed cannot rest solely on the individual in charge of the work. Article 12. Replacements of missing parts must integrate harmoniously with the whole, but at the same time must be distinguishable from the original so that restoration does not falsify

neg: PropOrNot list. Writing for "Rolling Stone", Matt Taibbi questioned the methodology used by PropOrNot and the lack of information about who was behind the organization. In December 2016, "The Washington Post" appended an "Editor's Note" to its article in response to the criticism of PropOrNot's list of websites. The note read, "The Post, which did not name any of the sites, does not itself vouch for the validity of PropOrNot's findings regarding any individual media outlet, nor did the article purport to do so." PropOrNot PropOrNot is a website that seeks to expose what it calls Russian propaganda and groups that

neg: Empiric school medicines used to treat the allied condition. What matters is not what causes, but what cures the condition. It does not matter why a concoction works, only that it does work. Nor is it necessary to know how we breathe, but what relieves difficult breathing. Likewise we should not seek the cause of motion in the arteries, but what each kind of motion indicates. These things are known by experience and epilogistic reasoning. There is no value in dissecting dead bodies, since the state of the organs are very different in dead bodies compared to living ones. They supported their

neg: What Are The Theosophists? What Are The Theosophists? "What Are The Theosophists?" is an editorial published in October 1879 in the theosophical magazine "The Theosophist." It was compiled by Helena Blavatsky and it was included the 2nd volume of the "Blavatsky Collected Writings." Arnold Kalnitsky wrote in his thesis that in this article "we find a rather expansive statement of... [Blavatsky's] thoughts at that moment about the status of the movement, the Theosophical Society, its objectives, and the issues it was confronting." He wrote that the article begins with a question whether the Theosophists "are they what they claim to be": researchers of the

neg: Ricardo Hausmann the notion that growth will follow automatically from the presence of state-of-the-art technologies and good economic institutions (like well-designed and enforced property rights). Another condition, they state, is that entrepreneurs in the country know what new economic activities can profitably be pursued there—in other words, that there is sufficient self-discovery. Self-discovery is costly for the innovative entrepreneurs that invest their resources in it. However, the benefits of self-discovery accrue to all entrepreneurs in the country, who now know what activities are profitable without having to find out themselves. If this eventually leads to more innovation and growth in the country,

neg: History of marketing (1916) while other important contributors included: Butler's "Marketing and Merchandising," (1923); Breyer's "Commodity and Marketing" (1931); Converse's "Marketing: Methods and Policies" (1921) and Duddy & Revzan's "Marketing: An Institutional Approach" (1947). The functional school was thought to have originated with the publication of Shaw's article, "Some Problems in Market Distribution," (1912) The functional school was primarily concerned with documenting the "functions of marketing." In other words, it attempted to address the question, What work does marketing do? Different theorists within the functional school produced long lists of marketing's functions. Although there was little agreement about what should be included in

neg: Sztafeta two shifts in one crowded schoolhouse (...) Within a few months, 1,000 Poles expelled from France with their children settled in Iłża County. Radom itself needs at least seven new schools (...) And what with Mielec, which is expanding quickly, but no news of any new schools? What about Rozalin, what about Kraśnik, where a brand new town is being built near the old one?" (pages 326 - 329) This chapter is dedicated to different kinds of communication - railroads, roads, telecommunication, and airplanes. To operate, a modern plant needs three things: electricity, natural gas and coal. In the Second

neg: The Lady of The Aroostook Venice, Josephine is thrilled to see him and sends Lydia down to greet him. Staniford sees Lydia and it is a dream come true for him. Staniford immediately professes his love for her and Lydia tells him that she also loves him but she does not know if she can forgive him for leaving her hanging out to dry for so long. Staniford explains to Lydia what happened with Dunham and why his letter was never sent. This comforts Lydia a great deal but she still has concerns about what people will say about the two of them being together.

neg: Jan Harold Brunvand often in a more public forum. I believe that the public and media image of what a folklorist does is in fact part of what we "should" be doing, whether we were trained specifically for it or not, whether we work in academe or not, and whether we like it or not." Brunvand and his books became so popular, that, when Richard Wolkomir dubbed him "Mr. Urban Legend" in an article for the Smithsonian, the title was later added to book jackets and other publicity. In an article for Western Folklore, Brunvand mentioned a notice he found on a computer

neg: Perez Hilton it may drive others further into the closet. People are going to become more guarded and secretive and not less, because they do not want to create any opportunities [for anyone to out them]." Actor Bruce Vilanch said, "What purpose does it serve? These [people like Perez] are professional homosexuals. They are gay people for a living. They have to respect the rights of homosexuals who are not professional." In an article entitled "Just How Dangerous is Perez Hilton?", AfterElton.com suggested that Hilton's actions put people's careers at risk, because anti-gay bias is still a prominent part of American culture.