query: what was america 's strategy for defeating japan in world war ii

pos: Leapfrogging (strategy) Leapfrogging (strategy) Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan. By the late 19th century, the U.S. had several interests in the western Pacific to defend; namely, access to the Chinese market, and its colonies – the Philippines and Guam – which the

neg: Diplomatic history of World War II responded in kind. Roosevelt and his military advisers implemented a war strategy with the objectives of halting the German advances in the Soviet Union and in North Africa; launching an invasion of western Europe with the aim of crushing Nazi Germany between two fronts; and saving China and defeating Japan. Public opinion, however, gave priority to the destruction of Japan, so American forces were sent chiefly to the Pacific in 1942. In the opening weeks of the war, Japan had conquered the Philippines, and the British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia, capturing Singapore in February 1942. Furthermore, Japan cut

neg: Design B-65 cruiser the prioritizing of aircraft carriers and smaller ships due to the war, followed by Japan's defeat, killed any chance of the B-65's construction. The Japanese navy's experience in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, especially the Battle of Tsushima, strongly influenced the creation of the IJN's "Decisive Battle" doctrine, which guided the development and deployment of the IJN's battle fleet into World War II. The Decisive Battle concept was the IJN's primary strategy for defeating the navies of the major Western powers, such as Great Britain or the United States, in the event of war. The strategy consisted of four main

neg: Sea lines of communication in World War II successfully closed the SLOCs to Japan, strangling the resource-poor island nation. The importance of SLOCs in geopolitics was described in Nicholas J. Spykman's "America's Strategy in World Politics" published in 1942. Had the Cold War turned hot, Europe would have required resupply and reinforcement from North America. Soviet Navy strategy was to close the SLOCs to maximize their numerical superiority in Europe. Sea lines of communication Sea lines of communication (abbreviated as SLOC) is a term describing the primary maritime routes between ports, used for trade, logistics and naval forces. It is generally used in reference

neg: Daisenryaku game for the Sega Saturn released in 1996 in North America. The game takes place within the context of World War II. The game is played as either United States, Nazi Germany, or Japan. The outcomes of certain battles result in a change in the path of the war "Electronic Gaming Monthly" gave the game an 8 out of 10, praising the ability to view the outcome of each battle in cinematic view and the use of experience points. Advanced Daisenryaku 2001 is a World War II strategy game, sequel to the game "Advanced Daisenryaku: Europe no Arashi - Doitsu

neg: Jon Stewart in a phrase originally used to describe longtime network news anchor Walter Cronkite, "the most trusted man in America". On April 28, 2009, during a discussion on torture with Clifford May, Stewart expressed his opinion that former President Harry S. Truman was a war criminal for his use of the atomic bomb on Japan during World War II. He defended his assertion moments later: "Here's what I think of the atom bombs. I think if you dropped an atom bomb fifteen miles offshore and you said, 'The next one's coming and hitting you', then I would think it's okay. To

neg: Europa Universalis II Asian markets, adding new graphics and scenarios that center around Asian history instead. It featured an updated map with greater detail and added provinces in Japan, Korea, and China. "Europa Universalis II" was nominated for "Computer Gaming World"s 2002 "Strategy Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Freedom Force". "Europa Universalis II" received "generally favourable" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic. Europa Universalis II Europa Universalis II is a strategy computer game developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Strategy First, based on world history spanning a timeline between 1419 through 1820. It was released on December

neg: Daisenryaku North Korea, and Britain, with two other countries needing to be unlocked. Daisenryaku Portable 2 is a military turn-based strategy game for the PlayStation Portable published by Genki. It is a sequel to Daisenryaku Portable, and is set in the Middle East. This version of the franchise features World War II, but using mecha musume. It includes units from Japan, Germany, America, Britain, and Soviet. The game grid is hexagonal, but characters are in isometric view. The game separated into strategy and adventure mode. Player can play the Pacific Ocean (as Japanese), or the Europe (as German) campaigns. The strategy

neg: War Leaders: Clash of Nations War Leaders: Clash of Nations War Leaders: Clash of Nations is a turn-based global strategy game bundled with a real-time tactics game mode, similar to that of the "Total War" series. It was developed by Enigma Software Productions and was published by Virgin Play under its publishing sub-brand V.2 Play in Europe, E-Frontier in Japan and DreamCatcher Interactive in North America. "War Leaders: Clash of Nations" is set in World War II. In Campaign Mode, the player can choose to play as one of seven real-life "war leaders"-Franklin Roosevelt (United States of America), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), Benito Mussolini (Fascist

neg: Iron Storm (1995 video game) Iron Storm (1995 video game) Iron Storm is a video game for the Sega Saturn. It was released in 1996 in North America. It is part of the (Advanced World War) series which was developed by Systemsoft and published by Sega. "Iron Storm" is a strategy game that takes place within the context of World War II. The game's general premise is to allow players to pick a side (United States, Nazi Germany, or Japan) and then work their way across several battles within the war. The game takes place in both the Pacific Theatre and European Theatres. In addition,

neg: Master of Orion II: Battle at Antares Cale Corbett, reviewing the Mac version, complained that the user interface was "clunky", as it lacked features common in programs originally developed for the Mac. "Master of Orion II" was a finalist for the Computer Game Developers Conference's 1996 "Best Strategy/War Game" Spotlight Award, but lost the prize to "". It was also nominated as "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1996 turn-based strategy game of the year, although it lost to "Civilization II". The game was a finalist for "Computer Gaming World"s 1996 "Strategy Game of the Year" award, again losing to "Civilization II". "Master of Orion II" was named the

neg: Heroes of Might and Magic II any connection to the original game or the other campaigns. The editors of "PC Gamer US" named "Heroes of Might and Magic II" 1996's "Best Turn-Based Strategy Game", and called it "clearly a cut above" the rest of its genre that year. The game was a finalist for the Computer Game Developers Conference's 1996 "Best Strategy/War Game" Spotlight Award, which ultimately went to "". It was also nominated for "Computer Gaming World"s 1996 "Strategy Game of the Year" and "Computer Game Entertainment"s "Best Strategy Game" prizes, as well as "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s award for the top turn-based strategy title

neg: Defence Scheme No. 2 Defence Scheme No. 2 Defence Scheme No. 2 was a Canadian military strategy developed after World War I outlining the Canadian response in the event of a war between the United States of America and Japan. The primary concern of this strategy was remaining neutral in any conflict between the two countries. Plans for this scheme began immediately following World War I. However, it was not greatly developed until the early 1930s, when James Sutherland Brown constructed a rough model of this strategy. The major tenet of Brown’s model was the defence of the Pacific coast in the event of

neg: August S. Narumi August S. Narumi Narumi was awarded the Eagle Scout in September 1933, the first one for Boy Scouts of America Troop 379 in Los Angeles, and was also a lifetime member of the National Eagle Scout Association. He was among a group including Michiharu Mishima who went to Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (GHQ) after World War II to get permission to restart the Scouting program in Japan. He was awarded with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award by the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America at an annual meeting in New York City May 20, 1976. In

neg: Bombing of Kobe in World War II Bombing of Kobe in World War II The bombing of Kobe in World War II on March 16 and 17, 1945 was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. The city would be bombed again in later months. Kobe was selected as a target for firebombing raids for a number of reasons. First off, it was the sixth-largest city in Japan at the time, with a population of roughly 1 million. The

neg: P.T.O. II II" may not be the most graphically-riveting war sim around, but for those interested in a nice, long, full-scale war, this game is just the ticket." Despite this, he gave it a 5.3 out of 10. P.T.O. II P.T.O. II (Pacific Theater of Operations), released as in Japan, is a Koei strategy video game that depicts the conflict between the USA and Japan during World War II. The video game is a sequel to "P.T.O." It was originally released in 1993 for the NEC PC-9801 and had been ported to various platforms since, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

neg: Presbyterian Church in Japan Presbyterian Church in Japan The Presbyterian Church in Japan is a growing conservative Reformed denomination in Japan, founded by American missionaries in the mid-1900s. In the years after World War II, Japanese missionaries and the forerunner of the Presbyterian Church in America evangelists created what is today the Japan Presbyterian Church. The denomination was a result of two Presbyterian denominations in Japan. The Christian Presbyterian Church in Japan founded in 1956 and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Japan founded in 1979 begun collaborating in 1980, and united in 1993. The Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions of planted some churches

neg: Bombing of Akita in World War II Bombing of Akita in World War II The , also known as the , on the night of August 14, 1945 was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. This was reportedly the farthest-range and also the last bombing mission in World War II, coming only hours before Japan announced its surrender. The town of Tsuchizaki was a major port on the Sea of Japan coast, railway nexus, and an important center

neg: Economic history of Japan of demand. Seeking market share rather than quick profit was another powerful strategy. Finally, circumstances beyond Japan's direct control contributed to its success. International conflicts tended to stimulate the Japanese economy until the devastation at the end of World War II. The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), World War I (1914–18), the Korean War (1950–53), and the Second Indochina War (1954–75) brought economic booms to Japan. In addition, benign treatment from the United States after World War II facilitated the nation's reconstruction and growth. As late as 1955, some 40% of the labor force still worked in agriculture, but this figure had

neg: Continental Policy (Japan) in 1937 and they tried to finish the Continental Policy. But Japan failed to conquer China and had lost in World War II, costing Japan all of her overseas land. This also symbolized the end of Japan’s expansion and the failure of Continental Policy. Continental Policy (Japan) Japan's Continental Policy refers to a Pan-Asian strategy pursued by Japan, especially the Imperial Japanese Army, between the Meiji Restoration and Japan's expansion during World War II. The policy's major aim was to conquer Japan’s neighboring countries such as Korea and China to dominate East Asia. There were already thoughts about expansion in

neg: Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II navy but this is not how Yamamoto viewed the situation. In a series of meetings on October 17–18, 1941, Yamamoto threatened to resign unless his plan was approved, with this threat brought the final approval of the plan as Yamamoto was viewed as too valuable to lose. What made the whole operation possible was the formidable "Kido Butai" with six carriers and over 400 embarked aircraft. The Japanese strategy for the coming conflict would be to fight a limited war, in which Japan would seize key objectives and then create a defensive perimeter to defeat Allied counterattacks, this would in

neg: P.T.O. II P.T.O. II P.T.O. II (Pacific Theater of Operations), released as in Japan, is a Koei strategy video game that depicts the conflict between the USA and Japan during World War II. The video game is a sequel to "P.T.O." It was originally released in 1993 for the NEC PC-9801 and had been ported to various platforms since, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The NEC PC-9801 version came with an enhancement pack. A version was released exclusive in Japan for the MS-DOS operating system; it also works on Windows operating systems from 3.1 through Windows ME. "P.T.O. II" is

neg: Criticism of United States foreign policy entanglements with European powers. After World War I, "Time Magazine" writer John L. Steele thought the U.S. tried to return to an isolationist stance, but that this was unproductive. He wrote: "The anti-internationalist movement reached a peak of influence in the years just before World War II." But Steele questioned whether this policy was effective; regardless, isolationism ended quickly after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Analysts have wondered whether the U.S. pursued the correct strategy with Japan before World War II; by denying Japan access to precious raw materials, it is possible that U.S. policy triggered the

neg: Lillian Dickson School and then as president of Taipei Theological School. Dickson would host guests in their house and maintained the hospitable character of a missionary's wife. Due to rising tensions in World War II between Japan and the United States, the Dicksons left Taiwan and were reassigned to what is now British Guiana in South America. At the end of World War II, the Dicksons returned to Formosa. Lillian's husband continued his role as head administrator of the Taiwan Theological College. As Lillian's children were older, Lillian no longer held much obligations as missionary's wife. Dickson became a spokesperson for both

neg: Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II had an estimated population of 166,346 people. A year after the war, the United States Army Air Forces's Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific War) reported that 60.3 percent of the city had been totally destroyed. Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers of the Empire of Japan during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II. The city of Hamamatsu was a target for air raids by the United States Army Air Forces

neg: Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II Bombing of Hamamatsu in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers of the Empire of Japan during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II. The city of Hamamatsu was a target for air raids by the United States Army Air Forces on several occasions during the Pacific War. In addition to strategic bombing, Hamamatsu was also subject to tactical air raids launched by United States Navy carrier-based aircraft, and was bombarded by United States and

neg: Third and fourth terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. Roosevelt portrayed the war as a crusade against the aggressive dictatorships that threatened peace and democracy throughout the world. He and his military advisers implemented a war strategy with the objectives of halting the German advances in the Soviet Union and in North Africa; launching an invasion of western Europe with the aim of crushing Nazi Germany between two fronts; and saving China and defeating Japan. Public opinion, however, gave priority to the destruction of Japan, so American forces were sent chiefly

neg: Hearts of Iron II achieved by Paradox Development Studio: Gamespot gave it 8.3/10, writing that "this is what the original game should have been." On Steam, Hearts of Iron II was rated 9/10. At IGN, it received a score of 8.7/10. "Hearts of Iron II" was a finalist for "PC Gamer US"s "Best Real-Time Strategy Game 2005" award, which ultimately went to "Age of Empires III". Hearts of Iron II Hearts of Iron II is a grand strategy computer war game for the PC based upon its predecessor, "Hearts of Iron", which was developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive. It

neg: V for Victory check out "Velikiye Luki", "Gold*Juno*Sword", and "Market Garden", too." The "V for Victory" series collectively won "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1992 "Game of the Year" award. The magazine's Brian Walker wrote that it "achieved what many computer wargames have been trying to do for years: successfully convert a board wargame onto computer." "Computer Games" likewise named it the year's best wargame. V for Victory V for Victory, or V4V for short, is a series of turn-based strategy games set during World War II. They were the first releases for Atomic Games who would go on to have a long career

neg: Haywood S. Hansell throughout World War II and thereafter placed an emphasis on precision bombing and avoiding civilian casualties. The use of precision guided weapons in the Gulf War and beyond, he wrote, demonstrated "continued adherence to precision-bombing doctrine and...significant progress toward the ideal...first envisioned" by Hansell and the other Air Corps Tactical School theorists. Hansell lectured on the theory of precision air attack throughout his life, particularly at the United States Air Force Academy and the Air War College. He authored three books on air strategy: "The Air War Plan That Defeated Hitler" (1972), "The Strategic Air War Against Japan" (1980), and

neg: Operation Europe: Path to Victory Operation Europe: Path to Victory Operation Europe: Path to Victory, released in Japan as , is a combat strategy video game for multiple platforms where one or two players can compete in World War II action. The MS-DOS version of the game was only released to North America. The object of the game is to fulfill any one of the military objectives for either the Axis or the Allied forces. Players engage in modern warfare around Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Europe, and North Africa. This game uses abstract numbers and figures in the map view and saves the concrete

neg: USS Arenac (APA-128) battle star for her World War II service. The USS Arenac earned campaign streamers for: - American Campaign - Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Additional Awards: - World War II Victory Medal - Navy Occupation Service Medal w/ Japan Clasp (for the period 3 Oct 45 to 2 Nov 45 for the occupation landings at Nagoya, Japan) USS Arenac (APA-128) USS "Arenac" (APA-128) was a of the US Navy. She was built and used during World War II. She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type. "Arenac" was named for Arenac County, Michigan. "Arenac" was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract

neg: Strategic bombing during World War II the world anti-nuclear activists have made Hiroshima the central symbol of what they are opposing. Strategic bombing during World War II Strategic bombing during World War II was the sustained aerial attack on railways, harbours, cities, workers' housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory during World War II. Strategic bombing is a military strategy which is distinct from both close air support of ground forces and tactical air power. During World War II, it was believed by many military strategists of air power that major victories could be won by attacking industrial and political infrastructure, rather than purely military targets.

neg: Bombing of Toyokawa in World War II Bombing of Toyokawa in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. Although the city of Toyokawa was not a major population center, it had a major target of military significance: the one of the largest in the Empire of Japan, which produced 7.7 mm machine guns, 13 mm and 20 mm aircraft cannon and 25 mm anti-aircraft cannon and associated munitions for the Imperial Japanese Navy. By

neg: P.T.O. IV P.T.O. IV P.T.O. IV (Pacific Theater of Operations IV), released as in Japan, is a World War II-themed strategy for the PlayStation 2 and PC produced by Koei. It focuses on naval combat in the maritime theaters of World War II, encompassing the Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, with the option of playing as one of four major maritime powers of the time: Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, or the United States. "P.T.O. IV" is the latest game in Koei's "P.T.O." series. There are two modes of gameplay: Scenario and Campaign. The former involves fighting historic

neg: Rikidōzan discrimination against Koreans may have been a contributory factor. He made his professional wrestling debut in 1951 with a ten-minute draw against Bobby Bruns. He established himself as Japan's biggest wrestling star by defeating one American wrestler after another. This was shortly after World War II, and the Japanese needed someone who could stand up to the Americans. Rikidōzan thus became immensely popular in Japan. His American opponents assisted him by portraying themselves as villains who cheated in their matches. Rikidōzan himself was booked as a villain when he wrestled in America early on but went on to become one

neg: Japanese popular culture media communication was being used as a strategy to enhance the international understanding of Japan’s perspective was set in place. The discussion began when Japan aspired to become an imperial and colonial power, one that was equivalent to their Euro-American counterparts. This idea was interrupted once Japan was defeated in World War II. With the economic struggles Japan faced after the war, the question about using culture and media communication was once again brought up. In order for Japan to reinvent themselves and allow others to see their true colors, Japan focused on projecting a selected national image by exporting

neg: Naval history of World War II and Dutch), operating from bases in Australia, Hawaii, and Ceylon, played a major role in defeating Japan. Japanese submarines, however, played a minimal role, although they had the best torpedoes of any nation in World War II, and quite good submarines. The difference in results is due to the very different doctrines of the sides, which, on the Japanese side, were based on cultural traditions. Allied submarines concentrated on destroying Japanese logistics, for which the island nation depended on shipping. Within hours of Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt ordered a new doctrine into effect: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking

neg: Memorials to Abraham Lincoln preparing America for war, used the words of the Civil War president to clarify the threat posed by Germany and Japan. Americans asked, "What would Lincoln do?" However, he also finds that since World War II, Lincoln's symbolic power has lost relevance, and this "fading hero is symptomatic of fading confidence in national greatness." He suggested that postmodernism and multiculturalism have diluted greatness as a concept. While Lincoln remains in the very top tier of presidential rankings, all of the presidents have slipped in historical prestige in the public's mind. Schwartz said the reason is what he calls the "acids

neg: Charles S. Lawrence Charles S. Lawrence Charles S. Lawrence (December 22, 1892 - June 12, 1970) was a United States Army colonel who would survive the Bataan Death March to later become the first Executive Vice President of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). A native of Guyton, Georgia, Lawrence enlisted in the United States Army in 1915 where he served for 33 years, including both World War I and World War II. By the start of World War II, Lawrence was a lieutenant-colonel in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps serving in the Philippines when Japan invaded the country on December 22,

neg: Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket Gamer US"s 2003 "Best Turn-Based Strategy Game" award, although it lost to "". The editors called it "the new 'big dog' of the hex-based wargame genre". Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket Decisive Battles of WWII: Korsun Pocket is a turn-based strategy computer game developed by the Strategic Studies Group (SSG). The game depicts the historical World War II battle of the Korsun Pocket. The game is part of the Decisive Battles of World War II series and was released on August 25, 2003. In December 2003, SSG released an expansion pack for Korsun Pocket called "Across the Dnepr", referring

neg: Naval history of World War II did not approve the plan—he wanted to play it by ear. The Navy wanted to make Japan the top target, and in 1941-43 the U.S. in effect was mostly fighting a naval war against Japan, in addition to its support for Army landings in North Africa, Sicily and Italy in 1942-43. U.S. strategy in 1941 was to deter Japan from further advances toward British, Dutch, French and American territories to the South. When the Allies cut off sales of oil to Japan, it lost 90% of its fuel supply for airplanes and warships. It had stocks that would last a

neg: Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2010 the tournament, defeating three time S-Cup champion Andy Souwer in the semi finals in what was the biggest upset ever experienced in the sport. The event was held at the JCB Hall in Tokyo, Japan on Tuesday, November 23, 2010. S-Cup 2010 Finalists S-Cup 2010 Reservists Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2010 Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2010 or S-Cup 2010 was a shoot boxing event promoted by Caesar Takeshi. It was the seven bi-annual (70kg/154lbs weight class) Shoot Boxing World Tournament, featuring an eight-man single elimination format, with one reserve fight, all fought under Shoot Boxing Rules. The eight finalists and

neg: United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War considered to be among the harshest congressional investigating committees in history; Gershman says that it conducted witch-hunts, rather than fair inquiries. Senator Harry S. Truman cited the committee's style as an example of what not to follow when he led the Truman Committee, which investigated military appropriations during World War II. Truman stated that he did not want to second-guess war strategy. His committee succeeded in demonstrating government waste and inefficiency to assist the war effort. United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War was a government panel

neg: 1997 Fed Cup 1997 Fed Cup The 1997 Fed Cup was the 35th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The final took place at Brabant Hall in 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands on 4–5 October, with France defeating the Netherlands to win their first title. The four losing teams in the World Group first round ties (Germany, Japan, Spain and United States), and four winners of the World Group II ties (Argentina, Australia, Croatia and Switzerland) entered the draw for the World Group Play-offs. Date: 12–13 July The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed

neg: Erich Raeder during World War II the war to prepare a coordinated strategy. Like Hitler, Raeder viewed Britain rather than France as the main opponent, and accordingly favored focusing on defeating the United Kingdom first. A major problem for the "Kriegsmarine" was like in World War I, it was difficult to attack the shipping in the Western Approaches to the British Isles from the North Sea, which was likewise difficult to break out from because of the British blockade. Raeder at first favored an offensive to defeat France in order to use the ports on the French Atlantic coast to attack shipping in the Western Approaches,

neg: Nicholas J. Spykman Strategy in World Politics" was published in 1942, soon after the entry of the United States into World War II. Concerned with the balance of power, he argued that isolationism, which relied on the oceans to protect the United States ("hemispheric" or "quarter defense"), was bound to fail. His object was to prevent another US retreat, as what occurred after World War I. Isaiah Bowman commented in 1942, "On grounds of merit and public value "America’s Strategy in World Politics" should be read in not less than a million American home. Every government official responsible for policy should read it

neg: Steel Panthers II: Modern Battles Steel Panthers II: Modern Battles Steel Panthers II: Modern Battles is video game released in 1996, and is the second game of the "Steel Panthers" video game series. The Camo Workshop released a mod based on "Steel Panthers II" called "SP2WW2" ("Steel Panthers II: World War 2") in 1998. "Steel Panthers II" was nominated as "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1996 wargame of the year, although it lost to that year's "Battleground" games, "", "Antietam" and "". It was also a nominee for CNET Gamecenter's "Strategy Game of the Year" award, which went to "Civilization II". "Steel Panthers" and "Steel Panthers

neg: Military history of the United States during World War II high command rethought its strategy and used atomic bombs to end the war, hoping it would make a costly invasion unnecessary. U.S. submarines participated in the majority of naval battles in the Pacific theatre, but the submarines were most decisive in their blockade of Japan, for which Japan was dependent on its sea transport to provide resources for its war effort. On the afternoon of 7 December 1941, six hours after the Japanese attack, U.S. naval commanders in the Pacific were ordered by the U.S. Navy Chief of Staff to "execute unrestricted air and submarine warfare against Japan". This order

neg: History of liberalism responsible government, free trade, unionism, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes through a new body, the League of Nations". The worldwide Great Depression, starting in 1929, hastened the discrediting of liberal economics and strengthened calls for state control over economic affairs. Economic woes prompted widespread unrest in the European political world, leading to the strengthening of fascism and communism. Their rise in 1939 culminated in World War II. The Allies, which included most of the important liberal nations as well as communist Russia, won World War II, defeating Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and militarist Japan. After the war, there

neg: Bombing of Shizuoka in World War II Bombing of Shizuoka in World War II The on June 19, 1945, was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. Although the city of Shizuoka lacked major targets of military significance, it was the 15th largest city in Japan per the 1940 census with an estimated population in 1945 of 212,000, and was a major regional commercial center. The Tōkaidō Main Line railway connecting Tokyo with Osaka also ran through the city.

neg: Buddhist Churches of America would not be accepted until 1987, when the BCA reapplied for and was granted official endorser status. Following the end of internment in 1946, Japanese-Americans returned to the West Coast and what was left of their former homes, and most temples were reopened. Relations with the Nishi Honganji in Japan were also reestablished. After World War II, the newly reorganized Buddhist Churches of America temples resumed traditional Jōdo Shinshū rituals and services, and served as a refuge from continuing racial discrimination in wider American society. For this reason, there was little or no desire by many Japanese-American ‘’sanghas’’ in propagating

neg: Lai Đại Hàn A June 16, 2016, article in the "Daily Kos" said that South Korea has been ""very vocal"" about the agony Koreans endured from Japan during World War II, pressing for apology and compensation from Japanese prime ministers at different points in time for what Japan did to South Korea during World War II, and the article described this as being done "ironically" in light of what the South Korean military did to other countries' civilians. The article said that ""brutal killings, rapes and heinous acts"" done by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War have now been unearthed. Referring

neg: USS Castor (AKS-1) Taiwan. She and and "Castor"'s sister ship which was home ported in Yokosuka, Japan were the only supply ships serving the Vietnam units until "Castor"s decommissioning. "Pollux" was also decommissioned during the Vietnam War (1968). "Castor" received three battle stars for World War II service: She received two for Korean War service: During the Vietnam War she earned the following campaign stars: Her crew was eligible for the following medals and campaign ribbons: USS Castor (AKS-1) USS "Castor" (AKS-1) was a "Castor"-class general stores issue ship commissioned by the U.S. Navy for service in World War II. She was responsible

neg: Toyokawa Naval Arsenal factory operated by the Japan National Railway (JNR) is currently operated by Nippon Sharyo, and several other industries also operate on the site. Toyokawa Naval Arsenal The was a major production facility for aviation ordnance, light arms, and ammunitions for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. It was located in what is now part of the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was one of the largest armaments plant in the Empire of Japan, but was not bombed by Allied forces until after the bombing of Hiroshima in World War II. Plans to establish the Toyokawa Navy

neg: Naval history of World War II year or two. It had to compromise or fight to recapture British and Dutch wells to the South. in November 1941, U.S. Army Chief of Staff George Marshall explained the American air war strategy to the press—it was top secret and not for publication: Marshall was talking about long-range B-17 bombers based in the Philippines, which were within range of Tokyo. After Japan captured the Philippines in early 1942, American strategy refocused on a naval war focusing on the capture of islands close enough for the intensive bombing campaign Marshall spoke about. In 1944, the Navy captured Saipan and the

neg: Harry S. Truman lost had the U.S. invaded mainland Japan without the atomic bombs. In 1963, he stood by his decision, telling a journalist that "it was done to save 125,000 youngsters on the U.S. side and 125,000 on the Japanese side from getting killed and that is what it did. It probably also saved a half million youngsters on both sides from being maimed for life." The end of World War II was followed by an uneasy transition from war to a peacetime economy. The costs of the war effort had been enormous, and Truman was intent on diminishing military services as

neg: Killing the Rising Sun dead sentences. His research—what he calls 'the truth'—isn’t fresh, but then, real historians and writers have spent years studying and dramatizing the war in the Pacific. What O’Reilly has done is read the Cliffs Notes and written your term paper for thirty bucks." They further wrote that the authors' emphasis on "bloated bodies, stacked bodies, rotting bodies, and the stench of 'internal organs spilling from the gash in a torrent'” imparts "the taste of pornography" to the book. Killing the Rising Sun Killing the Rising Sun: How America Vanquished World War II Japan is a book written by Bill O'Reilly

neg: Charles H. Bonesteel III Eagle Scout Award by the Boy Scouts of America. A 1931 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, Bonesteel received from his classmates the lifelong nickname of "Tick." After graduation, he was a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford. After carrying out a series of command and staff assignments, he served in the United States and Europe during World War II in a number of senior positions. With the surrender of Japan imminent, Bonesteel, General George A. Lincoln, and Colonel Dean Rusk of the Strategy Policy Committee at the Pentagon were tasked with drawing up General

neg: Officers (video game) Officers (video game) Officers is a World War II real time strategy game developed by 3A Games and published by Tri Synergy. It was released on 28 November 2008 in Japan, 29 May 2009 in Europe and released in the USA on 14 July 2009 for Windows. Officers is set in World War II and it allows players to take control of Allied forces which consist of US and British Armies in a fight for control over Western Europe against Germany. The game's maps can support up to 1500 units on each map and the map size can be anything

neg: Korean War global scale of World War II, which preceded it, and the subsequent angst of the Vietnam War, which succeeded it. Imperial Japan destroyed the influence of China over Korea in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), ushering in the short-lived Korean Empire. A decade later, after defeating Imperial Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Japan made Korea its protectorate with the Eulsa Treaty in 1905, then annexed it with the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty in 1910. Many Korean nationalists fled the country. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919 in Nationalist China. It failed to achieve international

neg: Bombing of Utsunomiya during World War II Bombing of Utsunomiya during World War II The on July 12, 1945, was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. Utsunomiya was a major garrison location for the Imperial Japanese Army (home base for the IJA 14th Division and IJA 51st Division, and regional command center) and the location of numerous war industries, including a factory for Nakajima Aircraft Company. It was also a regional commercial and transportation hub on the Tohoku

neg: Carl Shoup Carl Shoup Carl Sumner Shoup (October 26, 1902 – March 23, 2000) was an economist who led the Shoup Mission of seven economists at the invitation of General MacArthur to revise the Tax System in post World War II Japan. Directly contributed to the tax codes of Canada, the United States, Japan, Europe, and South and Central America in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s. Professor emeritus of Columbia University. Carl Shoup was the son of railroad executive Paul Shoup and Rose Wilson Shoup. He and his wife Ruth had three children: Donald, Paul S., and Beatrice. Born in San Jose,

neg: Yoshida Doctrine Yoshida Doctrine The Yoshida Doctrine was a strategy adopted by Japan after World War II under Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, the country's first post-war prime minister, in which economics was to be concentrated upon reconstructing Japan's domestic economy while the security alliance with the United States would be the guarantor of Japanese security. The Yoshida Doctrine shaped Japanese foreign policy throughout the Cold War era and beyond. Even after its surrender in World War II, the Japanese government continued to function. It held its first post-war election in the spring of 1946. This election was also the first time women

neg: Axis leaders of World War II Axis leaders of World War II The Axis leaders of World War II were important political and military figures during World War II. The Axis was established with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in 1940 and pursued a strongly militarist and nationalist ideology; with a policy of anti-communism. During the early phase of the war, puppet governments were established in their occupied nations. When the war ended, many of them faced trial for war crimes. The chief leaders were Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benito Mussolini of Italy and Emperor Hirohito of Japan. Unlike what happened with the Allies, there

neg: Command & Conquer: Red Alert A.I." He also noted that the control interface allows players to quickly and easily select units and order them into combat. "Command & Conquer" won the 1996 Spotlight Award for "Best Strategy/War Game" from the Game Developers Conference. "Computer Gaming World" gave it the Strategy Game of the Year award (Readers' Choice). The game was a finalist for "Computer Gaming World"s 1996 "Strategy Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Civilization II". In 1997, two expansion packs for Red Alert were released for the PC, "Command & Conquer: Red Alert: Counterstrike" and "Command & Conquer: Red Alert: The

neg: Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II A hypothetical Axis victory in World War II has become a common concept of alternative history and counterfactual history. Such writings express ideas of what the world would be like had the Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Japan won World War II. Numerous examples exist in several languages worldwide. The term Pax Germanica, Latin for "German peace", is sometimes used for this theoretical period, by analogy to similar terms for peaceful historical periods. In some cases, this term is used for a hypothetical Imperial German victory in World War I as well,

neg: Strategic bombing during World War II killed. Given the casualty rate in Okinawa, American commanders realized a grisly picture of the intended invasion of mainland Japan. When President Harry S. Truman was briefed on what would happen during an invasion of Japan, he could not afford such a horrendous casualty rate, added to over 400,000 U.S. servicemen who had already died fighting in both the European and Pacific theaters of the war. Hoping to forestall the invasion, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of China issued a Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, demanding that the Japanese government accept an unconditional surrender. The

neg: Abraham Lincoln disappointments, for making its sufferings not so much explicable as meaningful". Franklin D. Roosevelt, preparing America for war, used the words of the Civil War president to clarify the threat posed by Germany and Japan. Americans asked, "What would Lincoln do?" However, Schwartz also finds that since World War II, Lincoln's symbolic power has lost relevance, and this "fading hero is symptomatic of fading confidence in national greatness". He suggested that postmodernism and multiculturalism have diluted greatness as a concept. The United States Navy is named after Lincoln, the second Navy ship to bear his name. Official Organizations Media coverage

neg: Strategy & Tactics Strategy & Tactics Strategy & Tactics (S&T) is a wargaming magazine now published by Decision Games, notable for publishing a complete new wargame in each issue. "Strategy & Tactics" got its start in January 1967 under the auspices of its original editor, Chris Wagner, offering what he saw as a better alternative to Avalon Hill's gaming magazine, "The General". "Strategy & Tactics" began life as a wargaming fanzine published by Wagner (then a staff sergeant with the US Air Force in Japan), at first in Japan, then moving to the United States with Wagner. Graphic designer Redmond Simonsen was hired

neg: Rikidōzan of the first Japanese wrestlers to be cheered as a baby face in post World War II America. Rikidōzan gained worldwide renown when he defeated Lou Thesz for the NWA International Heavyweight Championship on August 27, 1958 in Japan. In another match, Thesz willingly agreed to put over Rikidōzan at the expense of his own reputation. This built up mutual respect between the two wrestlers, and Rikidōzan never forgot what Thesz did. He would go on to capture several NWA titles in matches both in Japan and overseas. Rikidōzan also trained professional wrestling students, including soon-to-be wrestling legends Kanji "Antonio"

neg: Continental Policy (Japan) Continental Policy (Japan) Japan's Continental Policy refers to a Pan-Asian strategy pursued by Japan, especially the Imperial Japanese Army, between the Meiji Restoration and Japan's expansion during World War II. The policy's major aim was to conquer Japan’s neighboring countries such as Korea and China to dominate East Asia. There were already thoughts about expansion in Japan before the Meiji Restoration. Emperor Jimmu, the first Emperor of Japan, had thoughts of ruling the world. Also, Empress Jingū mentioned conquering Samhan. In the late 16th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi finished unifying Japan and he invaded Korea twice. The aim of the attack

neg: Railroad Tycoon II almost all of the things gamers had come to love about the original." It also received IGN's "Best Soundtrack" award. The game was a finalist for "Computer Gaming World"s 1998 "Best Strategy", GameSpot's "Strategy Game of the Year", IGN's "Best Strategy Game of the Year" and "PC Gamer US"s "The Best Real-Time Strategy Game" awards, all of which ultimately went to "StarCraft". "Computer Gaming World"s editors lauded "Railroad Tycoon II" as "a brilliant update of a gaming classic", and the staff of "PC Gamer US" wrote that the game "did a terrific job of immersing the player in a richly

neg: Hanson W. Baldwin His books published are: "Men and Ships of Steel" (1935), " We Saw It Happen" (1938), "The Caissons Roll" (1938), "Admiral Dealth" (1939), "What the Citizen Should Know About the Navy" (1941), "United We Stand" (1941), "Strategy for Victory" (1942), "The Navy at War" (1943), "The Price of Power" (1947), "Great Mistakes of the War" (1949), "Sea fights and Shipwrecks" (1955), "The Great Arms Race" (1958), "World War I: An Outline History" (1962), "The New Navy" (1964), "Battles Lost and Won: Great Campaigns of World War II" (1966), "Strategy for Tomorrow" (1970), "The Crucial Years, 1939-1941" (1976), and "Tiger Jack"

neg: Kantai Kessen Kantai Kessen The was a naval strategy adopted by the Imperial Japanese Navy prior to the Second World War. The theory was derived from the writings of American naval historian Alfred Thayer Mahan. In the Decisive Battle Doctrine the Japanese navy would win a war by fighting and winning a single, decisive naval action. The idea gained broad acceptance following the Russo-Japanese War, where a well-trained, smaller Japanese naval force gained a decisive victory in the Sea of Japan at the Battle of Tsushima, defeating their rival Russia, a western naval power. Operational plans thereafter were influenced by the effective

neg: Matome Ugaki was given command of battleship . Ugaki became rear admiral on 15 November 1938. Following Japan′s entry into World War II in 1941, Ugaki was appointed Chief-of-Staff of the Combined Fleet under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in which he served until 1943. He was promoted vice admiral on 1 November 1942. Traveling with Yamamoto in a separate bomber, both aircraft were shot down on 18 April 1943 over Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, in what the United States named Operation Vengeance. Yamamoto′s aircraft crashed in the jungle, while Ugaki′s fell into the sea. He was one of three survivors. After he

neg: World War II by country the war, Chile stationed navy ships around its territory of Easter Island to protect it from a potential Japanese attack against South America, and military presence was strengthened at the vital harbors of Antofagasta, Valparaíso and Puerto Montt. From 1943 to 1945, the Chilean prison camp of Pisagua became the site of wartime internment for citizens of enemy nations when Chile entered World War II on the Allied side. The Republic of China had been fighting Japan intermittently since the 1931 Mukden Incident, when Japan annexed Manchuria. On 7 July 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident led the two countries

neg: Toyokawa Naval Arsenal Toyokawa Naval Arsenal The was a major production facility for aviation ordnance, light arms, and ammunitions for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. It was located in what is now part of the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was one of the largest armaments plant in the Empire of Japan, but was not bombed by Allied forces until after the bombing of Hiroshima in World War II. Plans to establish the Toyokawa Navy Arsenal were made in March 1937, along with the Suzuka Naval Arsenal in Mie Prefecture initially for the purpose of supplying 13 mm

neg: Breaking Glass (song) track for the live EP (with "What in the World" and "Breaking Glass" as B-sides), but failed to chart, while in Japan, "Soul Love" was released to promote "Stage" (with "Blackout" as the B-side). Bowie performed "Breaking Glass" on his Isolar II, Serious Moonlight, Outside, Heathen, and A Reality tours. The original song was uncompromising even by "Low"'s standards. The fractured lyric is, like several songs written during Bowie's stay in Berlin, introspective of his dark, drug-filled period living in America in 1975-1976. Its lyrics, when written out, look potentially more like a paragraph than a song, and when separated

neg: Bombing of Aomori in World War II Bombing of Aomori in World War II The on July 28, 1945 was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of World War II. Although the city of Aomori lacked major targets of military significance and was a minor city in terms of population, it was a prefectural capital and a major regional transportation hub. Aomori Station was the northern terminus for the Tōhoku Main Line and Ōu Main Line railways, and Aomori Port was the

neg: Foreign Agricultural Service agriculture. This latter effort was related to the need for strategic commodities as World War II loomed, as well as the need to tie South America closer to the Allies and thereby to keep Nazi Germany from gaining a foothold in the New World. During World War II, OFAR analyzed food availability in both allied and enemy countries, and promoted the stockpiling of 100 million bushels (2.7 million metric tons) of wheat for feeding refugees after the anticipated end of the war. After the war OFAR was instrumental in carrying out land reform in Japan and offering agricultural technical assistance

neg: Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II superior speed and capable of hitting at ranges beyond the reach of the Americans and crewed by expertly trained personnel, would win the day. The naval war that Japan fought in the Pacific during 1941-45 reflected quite a very different strategy from the one in which the Imperial Japanese Navy had been planning and training for throughout the interwar period. This was due to the views and actions of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto who had assumed command of the Combined Fleet in August 1939. Yamamoto, virtually overnight, changed the passive wartime strategy of seizing the Philippines and waiting for an American

neg: Fulton Lewis Jr. by opposing the New Deal policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (although he initially admired the man upon his first election), and as the world lurched toward World War II in the late 1930s he strongly supported the America First Committee, along with famed aviator Charles Lindbergh in their efforts to keep the US out of what he considered "the European War". He strongly opposed FDR's re-election in 1944, and also the election campaign of FDR's successor Harry S. Truman in 1948. After the war Lewis was avidly anti-communist, and strongly backed Senator Joe McCarthy. He was one of the first

neg: Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." On December 8, Congress voted almost unanimously to declare war against Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. Roosevelt portrayed the war as a crusade against the aggressive dictatorships that threatened peace and democracy throughout the world. In late December 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met at the Arcadia Conference, which established a joint strategy between the U.S. and Britain.

neg: History of nursing Japan, he called for a compulsory draft of nurses. The casualties never happened and there was never a draft of American nurses. During World War II, nurses belonged to Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS), as they had during World War I, and as they remain today. (Nurses belonging to the QAIMNS are informally called "QA"s.) Members of the Army Nursing Service served in every overseas British military campaign during World War II, as well as at military hospitals in Britain. At the beginning of World War II, nurses held officer status with equivalent rank, but were not commissioned

neg: Causes of World War II decided to organize a volunteer squadron of American planes and pilots to attack Japan from Chinese bases. Known as the Flying Tigers, the unit was commanded by Claire Lee Chennault. Their first combat came two weeks after Pearl Harbor. Taking advantage of the situation, Thailand launched the Franco-Thai War in October 1940. Japan stepped in as a mediator for the French-Thai war in May 1941, allowing its ally to occupy bordering provinces in Cambodia and Laos. In July 1941, as operation Barbarossa had neutralized the Soviet threat, the faction of the Japanese military junta supporting the "Southern Strategy", pushed through

neg: What Has Government Done to Our Money? readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money

neg: Air warfare of World War II new planes a month in 1945. Toward the end of the war, the Japanese press encouraged civilians to emulate the kamikaze pilots who willingly gave their lives to stop American naval forces. Civilians were told that the reward for such behavior was enshrinement as a warrior-god and spiritual protection in the afterlife. Expecting increased resistance, including far more Kamikaze attacks once the main islands of Japan were invaded, the U.S. high command rethought its strategy and used atomic bombs to end the war, hoping it would make a costly invasion unnecessary. The air attacks on Japan had crippled her ability

neg: Strategy & Tactics are worth much more than played ("punched") games. Strategy & Tactics Strategy & Tactics (S&T) is a wargaming magazine now published by Decision Games, notable for publishing a complete new wargame in each issue. "Strategy & Tactics" got its start in January 1967 under the auspices of its original editor, Chris Wagner, offering what he saw as a better alternative to Avalon Hill's gaming magazine, "The General". "Strategy & Tactics" began life as a wargaming fanzine published by Wagner (then a staff sergeant with the US Air Force in Japan), at first in Japan, then moving to the United States

neg: Silent Hunter aggregator GameRankings. Silent Hunter II developer Shawn Storc stated in an interview that Silent Hunter was a commercial success with 300,000 sold units. By December 1999, global sales had reached 350,000 copies. "Silent Hunter" was nominated as "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1996 simulation of the year, although it lost to "Jane's AH-64D Longbow". The game was a finalist for "Computer Gaming World"s 1996 "Simulation Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Jane's AH-64D Longbow". Silent Hunter Silent Hunter is a World War II submarine combat simulation for MS-DOS, developed by Aeon Electronic Entertainment and published by Strategic Simulations

neg: Shiro Azuma his accounts in Japan, but they became well known in China. In 1998, U.S. Department of Justice refused to allow Shiro Azuma to enter the United States of America because he was put on a watch list of suspected war criminals created in 1996 which included 60,000 people. The majority listed in it are German Nazis. Shiro Azuma was intending to join an American lecture during which he was going to apologize, explain and expose what he had done during World War II. Shiro Azuma In 1987, Azuma published his diary, "My Nanking Platoon", written during his time in China

neg: Civilization II was one of the best games ever released for PC. "Computer Gaming World" gave it the Strategy Game of the Year award, and "PC Gamer US" named it the overall game of the year, calling it and its predecessor "perhaps the finest strategy games ever made." "Civilization II" was nominated as "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1996 game of the year, although it lost to "Tomb Raider". However, it won the magazine's award for the best turn-based strategy game of the year. "Macworld"s Michael Gowan wrote, "Hard-core strategists will enjoy this game's complexity." In 2007, "Civilization II" was ranked as third

neg: Military Madness the TurboGrafx-16 did not sell well in the United States, and the game did not earn the same following it did in Japan. The game was influential in both Japan and the United States. In the United States, it was cited as one of the key influences on the seminal real-time strategy game "Dune II" (1992), while in Japan, "Military Madness" was the precursor to Intelligent Systems' "Wars" series of turn-based strategy games. "Military Madness" was later rereleased for Wii's Virtual Console on December 18, 2006 in North America. The game was later released in Europe and Australia, the game's

neg: Takashi Murakami as Jeff Koons. He established a small studio, which, together with the Hiropon Factory in Japan, became the precursor to his company Kaikai Kiki. After returning to Japan, he would develop the core concepts behind his artistic practice and begin exhibiting regularly at major galleries and institutions across Europe and America. Murakami has expressed since early on a frustration with the lack of a reliable and sustainable art market in post-war Japan. Largely for this reason, he formulated a strategy wherein he would first establish himself in the Western art world and then import himself back to Japan, building a

neg: Continental Policy (Japan) East Asia, then South Asia. This became the strategy used by Japan in World War II. In the mid-19th century, Japan had been strengthened by the Meiji Restoration and had built a modernized and centralized Japanese government. The Meiji Government greatly encouraged people to help modernize Japan, setting up industrial enterprises and starting their industrial revolution in mid-1880s. Due to many factors affecting Japan, Japan decided to be a military-based country, creating the Continental Policy. In 1927, Tanaka Giichi presented the procedures of Continental Policy. The Main idea of Continental Policy is, "If we want to conquer the World, we

neg: Maoism (Third Worldism) deprive the imperialist countries of resources and wealth extracted from Third World countries. Though this strategy has been drawn from several historical sources, such as Che Guevara's "Message to the Tri-Continental", it has most famously drawn on a quote from Lin Biao's speech "Long Live the Victory of People's War!" in 1965:"Taking the entire globe, if North America and Western Europe can be called 'the cities of the world', then Asia, Africa and Latin America constitute 'the rural areas of the world'. Since World War II, the proletarian revolutionary movement has for various reasons been temporarily held back in the

neg: P.T.O. IV change allegiance and become controllable by whichever power defeated them, although they are all demoted to the rank of lieutenant commander. On release, "Famitsu" magazine scored the PlayStation 2 version of the game a 32 out of 40. P.T.O. IV P.T.O. IV (Pacific Theater of Operations IV), released as in Japan, is a World War II-themed strategy for the PlayStation 2 and PC produced by Koei. It focuses on naval combat in the maritime theaters of World War II, encompassing the Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, with the option of playing as one of four major

neg: Military history of Australia during World War II accelerating in 1943. From 1944 the Australian military was mainly relegated to subsidiary roles, but continued to conduct large-scale operations until the end of the war. From the 1920s Australia's defence planning was dominated by the so-called 'Singapore strategy'. This strategy involved the construction and defence of a major naval base at Singapore from which a large British fleet would respond to Japanese aggression in the region. To this end, a high proportion of Australian forces in Asia were concentrated in Malaya during 1940 and 1941 as the threat from Japan increased. At the outbreak of war the Australian forces

neg: Bombing of Okazaki in World War II population. A year after the war, the United States Army Air Forces's Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific War) reported that 32.2 percent of the city had been totally destroyed. Bombing of Okazaki in World War II The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II. Although the city of Okazaki was not a major population center and had no major targets of military significance, it was a satellite town supporting the metropolis of