query: who invented the first printing press and in what year

pos: Printing press Printing press A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink, and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and global spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed, circa 1439, a printing system by adapting existing

pos: ChatScript information can be defined to generate appropriate facts. table: ~inventors(^who ^what) createfact(^who invent ^what) DATA: "Johannes Gutenberg" "printing press" "Albert Einstein" ["Theory of Relativity" photon "Theory of General Relativity"] The above table links people to what they invented (1 per line) with Einstein getting a list of things he did. ChatScript embeds the Curl library and can directly read and write facts in JSON to a website. A ChatScript engine can run in local or server mode. ChatScript comes with a copy of English WordNet embedded within, including its ontology, and creates and extends its own ontology via concept declarations.

pos: Laurens Janszoon Coster Museum Enschedé in 1904 on the Klokhuisplein (now the location of a memorial plaque). Today, "Costeriana" still can be viewed (by appointment) in the collections of the Haarlem Public Library, the Museum Enschedé, and the Teyler's Museum. Laurens Janszoon Coster Laurens Janszoon Coster (c. 1370, Haarlem, the Netherlands – c. 1440), or Laurens Jansz Koster, is the name of a purported inventor of a printing press from Haarlem. He allegedly invented printing simultaneously with Johannes Gutenberg and is regarded by some in the Netherlands as having invented printing first. He was an important citizen of Haarlem and held the position

pos: Printing Printing Printing is a process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing, which appeared in China before 220 AD. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 AD and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and

pos: Goražde Psalter first described in scholarly literature in 1836. After the printing press was invented in the mid 15th century by Johannes Gutenberg and others, the art of book printing soon spread to other parts of Europe. By the end of the 15th century, Venice had become a major centre of printing. In 1493, Đurađ Crnojević, the ruler of the Principality of Zeta (in present-day Montenegro), sent hieromonk Makarije to Venice to buy a press and learn how to print books. In 1494, Makarije printed the Cetinje Octoechos at Zeta's capital, Cetinje. It was the first incunable written in the Serbian recension

pos: Laurens Janszoon Coster Laurens Janszoon Coster Laurens Janszoon Coster (c. 1370, Haarlem, the Netherlands – c. 1440), or Laurens Jansz Koster, is the name of a purported inventor of a printing press from Haarlem. He allegedly invented printing simultaneously with Johannes Gutenberg and is regarded by some in the Netherlands as having invented printing first. He was an important citizen of Haarlem and held the position of sexton ("Koster") of Sint-Bavokerk. He is mentioned in contemporary documents as an assessor (scabinus), and as the city treasurer. He probably perished in the plague that visited Haarlem in 1439-1440; his widow is mentioned in the

pos: Goražde printing house of the printing house. It worked until 1523, producing three books, which are counted among the better accomplishments of early Serb printers. After the printing press was invented around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany, the art of book printing was soon introduced in other parts of Europe. By the end of the 15th century, Venice had become a major centre of printing. In 1493, Đurađ Crnojević, the ruler of the Principality of Zeta (in present-day Montenegro), sent Hieromonk Makarije to Venice to buy a press and learn the art of printing. At Cetinje, the capital of Zeta, Makarije

pos: Božidar Goraždanin three presses existed only in the 19th century. In 1523 his printing house became nonoperational. After the printing press was invented around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany, the art of book printing was soon introduced in other parts of Europe. By the end of the 15th century, Venice had become a major centre of printing. In 1493, Đurađ Crnojević, the ruler of the Principality of Zeta (in present-day Montenegro), sent Hieromonk Makarije to Venice to buy a press and learn the art of printing. At Cetinje, the capital of Zeta, Makarije printed in 1494 the Cetinje Octoechos, the

pos: History of East Asia Sheng in the Pinyin system). Pi Sheng's type was made of baked clay, as described by the Chinese scholar Shen Kuo (1031–1095). The world's first metal-based movable type printing press was invented in Korea in 1234, 210 years before Johannes Gutenberg invented a similar press in Germany. Jikji is the world's oldest extant movable metal print book. It was published in Heungdeok Temple in 1377, 78 years prior to Gutenberg's "42-Line Bible" printed during the years 1452-1455. In 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate (military dictatorship) ushered in a long period of isolation from foreign influence in order to secure its power.

pos: Schweipolt Fiol Poland. Unfortunately his attempts to reform the state led to the Partitions of Poland carried out by Prussia, Austria and Russia. The world's first movable type printing technology was invented and developed in China by the Han Chinese printer Bi Sheng between the years 1041 and 1048. In the West, the invention of an improved movable type mechanical printing technology in Europe is credited to the German printer Johannes Gutenberg in 1450. The exact date of Gutenberg's press is debated based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system by both adapting existing technologies and

pos: Shen Kuo that woodblock printing had achieved since the Chinese Tang Dynasty in the 9th century. With written Chinese, the vast amount of written morpheme characters impeded movable type's acceptance and practical use, and was therefore seen as largely unsatisfactory. Furthermore, the European printing press, first invented by Johannes Gutenberg (1398–1468), was eventually wholly adopted as the standard in China, yet the tradition of woodblock printing remains popular in East Asian countries still. Shen Kuo described the phenomena of natural predator insects controlling the population of pests, the latter of which had the potential to wreak havoc upon the agricultural base of

pos: Typography durable under the mechanical rigors of handling, repeated printing wore the character faces down and the types could be replaced only by carving new pieces. Metal movable type was first invented in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty, approximately 1230. Hua Sui introduced bronze type printing to China in 1490 AD. The diffusion of both movable-type systems was limited and the technology did not spread beyond East and Central Asia, however. Modern lead-based movable type, along with the mechanical printing press, is most often attributed to the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in 1439. His type pieces, made from a lead-based alloy, suited

pos: History of the Ottoman Empire guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as "the Devil's Invention", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 (who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.) However, the printing press was used only by the non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire until the 18th century. In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat

pos: Jang Yeong-sil around the Gyeongnghoeru Pavilion in Gyeongbok Palace and made into use by the astronomers. The success of Jang Yeong-sil's astronomical machines was marked in 1442 AD when the Korean astronomers compiled their computations on the courses of the seven heavenly objects (five visible planets, the sun, and moon) in "Chiljeongsan" (칠정산). Although Choe Yun-ui (최윤의) invented the world's first metal printing press in 1234 during the Goryeo Dynasty, Johannes Gutenberg is recognized worldwide as the first to pioneer this technology. In general, metal movable type printing blocks surpassed the wooden counterparts in durability, clarity, and longevity. Even then, the king

pos: Prepress proofing conditions the proofing process will actually try to emulate the effects of the printing press through color management and screening techniques, which can be quite challenging because proofing devices may behave and operate quite differently from press devices. Since the first days of Johannes Gutenberg, proofing has just been press proofs - one makes a short run on the press in order to verify what is to be done on a production run. As technology evolved to lower the per-copy cost of a printing job, the cost of starting a production run continued to rise. Today, it can be very

neg: Peter Buchan who recommended a friend to fund the purchase of the press. In the early years of business, he printed a series of chapbooks. He also invented his own printing press named the "Auchmedden", a pedal-operated devise that accepted stone, copper, as well as type surfaces for printing. His "The Annals of Peterhead" (1819) had copper-plate illustrations which he himself engraved. "Scarce Ancient Ballads" (1819), "Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads" (1825) were early publications that foreshadowed what would be his lifelong interest. After this he held a position in London from which drew a ₤150 annual income, but having compromised his

neg: Kosinj year 1071 in the charter of the Croatian king Petar Kresimir IV. One of the oldest printers in south Slavic, that wrote in Glagolitic breviary, was the first and oldest book known to have been printed on Croatian soil using the Gutenberg press. An incomplete copy is kept in the Library Marciana in Venice, and a smaller fragment (six pergamentnih leaves) was discovered in the Vatican Library. A short time after the printing press was invented, founded by the princes Frankopans in the village of Kosinj, the first Croatian printing. It was printed, also for ecclesiastical purposes, and the first

neg: Edwin Mellen Press College, a Roman Catholic institution federated with the University of Toronto. Early releases included bibliographies, translations, and dissertations done by faculty and doctoral students in Toronto. Richardson ran the press initially from the basement of his home. He named it for his grandfather, Edwin Mellen, who was a lover of books. Richardson's great-grandfather was Isaac Adams, a Massachusetts politician who invented the Adams Power Press, which revolutionized the printing industry. Richardson expanded the press year by year, publishing works by scholars outside Toronto. By 1979, the press had grown large enough to warrant its own space, which Richardson found in

neg: Letterpress printing was first invented in China using ceramic type in 1040 AD. Gutenberg also invented a wooden printing press, based on the extant wine press, where the type surface was inked with leather-covered ink balls and paper laid carefully on top by hand, then slid under a padded surface and pressure applied from above by a large threaded screw. It was Gutenberg's "screw press" or hand press that was used to print 180 copies of the Bible. At 1,282 pages, it took him and his staff of 20 almost 3 years to complete. 48 copies remain intact today. This form of

neg: Missouri School for the Blind handling its operation. Although more than one claim has been made regarding the title of "first braille printing press in the United States," some authorities have clearly awarded that title to the Missouri School. Harvard professor Gabriel Farrell states definitively, "The first real printing press for the blind in the United States was invented and operated by Henry Robyn, head of the music department at the Missouri School for the Blind, in 1865." Missouri School for the Blind The Missouri School for the Blind is an educational institution in the United States specially designed for students who are blind or

neg: Offset printing Press printing Company in New York produced a press in 1903. By 1907 the Rubel offset press was in use in San Francisco. The Harris Automatic Press Company also created a similar press around the same time. Charles and Albert Harris modeled their press "on a rotary letter press machine". Newspaper publisher Staley T. McBrayer invented the Vanguard web offset press for newspaper printing, which he unveiled in 1954 in Fort Worth, Texas. One of the important functions in the printing process is prepress production. This stage makes sure that all files are correctly processed in preparation for printing. This

neg: Peter Williamson (memoirist) side of the Royal Mile. He taught himself the craft of printing using a portable press purchased in London. He then invented his own portable printing press and travelled to exhibitions and fairs to promote his new product. He also invented waterproof ink for stamping linen which withstood both boiling and bleaching. In 1773 Williamson compiled the first Edinburgh street directory in conjunction with his idea of setting up a regular postal service in the city. This comprised a list of streets and closes with the addresses of lawyers, merchants, officials and other notable gentlemen. Addresses of shops and taverns

neg: Otis Tufts press. He built the first double-hulled iron steamship and the first vessel constructed of all iron in the United States based on the designs of John Ericsson. Tufts also invented the steam pile driver. He died in Massachusetts in 1869 at the age of 65. Otis Tufts Otis Tufts (February 14, 1804 - November 5, 1869) was a machinist and inventor who built printing machines, steam engines, firefighting equipment and invented the steam pile driver. Otis Tufts was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1804 to Stephen Tufts and Lucy Frost Tufts. He had a twin brother, Joseph Tufts who died

neg: Rotary printing press also patented by William Nicholson, invented by Beaucher of France in the 1780s and by Friedrich Koenig in the early 19th century. Rotary drum printing was invented by Richard March Hoe in 1843. An 1844 patent replaced the reciprocating platforms used in earlier designs with a fixed platform served by rotating drums, and through a series of advances a complete rotary printing press was perfected in 1846, and patented in 1847. It appeared in Edinburgh in 1851 and then traveled to London where it was used by the Times newspaper in 1853, where it then traveled to France in 1866

neg: Alois Auer first. He invented a 'typometrical' system, facilitating the use of a large number of foreign alphabets with ornamental type to be used in printing. This was described in his work "Der polygraphische Apparat der Wiener k. k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei" ("The Polygraphical Apparatus of the Viennese k. k. Court and State Printer"). Auer's directorship at the Royal and State Printing oversaw many advances in automatic high-speed press, copperplate press, and new typographical processes. In Vienna in 1858, Auer patented a web press that printed newspapers from a continuous roll of paper; the press was developed in the United States by

neg: Christian Dingler producing oil mills, sawmills and, in particular, hand operated printing presses. Dingler invented a form of Toggle press which he called the "Zweibrücker-press" but which became known as the "Dingler Press". The success of the Dingler Press across much of Europe funded a rapid growth of the business. In 1834 he was able to purchase the Schönhof Farm on the edge of town to which he moved his factory, quickly expanding it. It was now that he formally founded what is claimed to be where industrialisation in Zweibrücken began. Further expansion followed in 1838 with the installation of a new

neg: Press laws Press laws Press laws are the laws concerning the licensing of books and the liberty of expression in all products of the printing-press, especially newspapers . The liberty of the press has always been regarded by political writers as of supreme importance. "Give me liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all other liberties", says Milton in the "Areopagitica". Before the invention of printing, the Church assumed the right to control the expression of all opinion distasteful to her. When the printing press was invented, German printers established themselves at various important centres of

neg: Global spread of the printing press Boudinot who published the tribe's first newspaper "Cherokee Phoenix" from 1828, partly in his native language, using the Cherokee alphabet recently invented by his compatriot Sequoyah. In the 19th century, the arrival of the Gutenberg-style press to the shores of Tahiti (1818), Hawaii (1821) and other Pacific islands, marked the end of a global diffusion process which had begun almost 400 years earlier. At the same time, the "old style" press (as the Gutenberg model came to be termed in the 19th century), was already in the process of being displaced by industrial machines like the steam powered press (1812)

neg: Dickerson combination press Dickerson combination press The Dickerson Combination Press is a printing press invented by Edward "Ted" Dickerson. It was made for intaglio printing, relief printing, and lithography. It could be used either electrically or hand driven. It earned patents in the United States (U.S. Patent No. 1,069,796) and Great Britain (British Patent No. 238,946). Dickerson earned his Master of Science in Art at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the mid-1950s. While considering possible subjects for his master's thesis, he began thinking about the need for a better print-making press. He had a revelation about how to design a single press that

neg: Printing a press was faster and more durable. Also, the metal type pieces were sturdier and the lettering more uniform, leading to typography and fonts. The high quality and relatively low price of the Gutenberg Bible (1455) established the superiority of movable type for Western languages. The printing press rapidly spread across Europe, leading up to the Renaissance, and later all around the world. Gutenberg's innovations in movable type printing have been called the most important invention of the second millennium. The rotary printing press was invented by Richard March Hoe in 1843. It uses impressions curved around a cylinder to

neg: Francis Whyte Ellis Indian members. Pattabiram Shasthri, Muthusami Pillai, Udayagiri Venkatanarayanayya, Chidambara Vaathiyaar and Syed Abdul Khadar were among Indian scholars who worked in the college. The college was founded in 1812 and the next year Ellis also helped set up the College Press by supplying it with a printing press and Tamil types. Telugu types, printing ink and labour for the venture was supplied by the Superintendent of Government Press at Egmore. The Madras Government supplied the paper. Ellis purchased English types and printing ink for the Press cheaply. The press commenced publishing in 1813 - its first work was Constanzo Beschi's

neg: Printer's Park name was changed to Printer's Park at that time. In 2009, the southern portion of the park was reconstructed to include play structures reminiscent of the printing press heritage. ) Printer's Park Printer's Park (spelled Printers Park by some sources) is small park on Hoe Avenue between Aldus Street and Westchester Avenue, in The Bronx, New York City, United States. The park is run by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The park's name (and the street it lies on, Hoe Avenue) honors Richard March Hoe, who invented the Rotary printing press. The land the park occupies

neg: Benjamin Bailey (missionary) for missionary training; one year under J. Buckworth, Vicar of Dewsbury. He was ordained as Deacon on 6 August and as Priest on 17 December 1815, by the Archbishop of York (to the Curacy of Harewood, Yorkshire). In 1816, he married Elizabeth Ella and, on 4 May that year, went to Kottayam, Kerala, India. Benjamin Bailey was the progenitor of printing and book publishing in Malayalam, the native language of Kerala. It was he who established the first printing press (the Kottayam CMS press) and started printing Malayalam in Kerala. He was the first lexicographer in the language. Besides this,

neg: Science and technology of the Tang dynasty Although Bi Sheng later invented the movable type system in the 11th century, Tang dynasty style woodblock printing would remain the dominant mode of printing in China until the more advanced printing press from Europe became widely accepted and used in East Asia. However it was not Gutenberg's letterpress that made the decisive breakthrough for Western methods in China as it is commonly believed, but lithography, a nineteenth century technological marvel almost wholly forgotten in Europe. Playing cards may have been invented during the Tang dynasty around the 9th century AD as a result of the usage of woodblock printing

neg: Die Gstettensaga: The Rise of Echsenfriedl music by Kasson Crooker, Starpause, and many others. The growing tension between the last two remaining superpowers - China and Google - escalates in the early 21st century, and results in the global inferno of the "Google Wars". But as the decades go by, radioactive dust settles on old battlegrounds, and a New World rises from the ashes of the old. Fratt Aigner, a seedy journalist, and Alalia Grundschober, a nerdy technician, live and work in Mega City Schwechat: the biggest semi-urban sprawl in the foothills of what remained of the Alps. Thurnher von Pjölk, who invented the printing press

neg: History of graphic design designs to their announcements. Around 1450, Johann Gutenberg's printing press made books widely available in Europe. The book design of Aldus Manutius developed the book structure which would become the foundation of western publication design. With the development of the lithographic process, invented by a Czech named Alois Senefelder in 1798 in Austria, the creation of posters become feasible. Although handmade posters existed before, they were mainly used for government announcements. William Caxton, who in 1477 started a printing company in England, produced the first printed poster. In 1870, the advertising poster emerged. Engraving is the practice of incising a

neg: Religious censorship various works have been censored or banned. These can be divided into two main categories: Censorship by a non-Jewish government, and self-censorship. Self-censorship could be done either by the author himself, or by the publisher, out of fear from the gentiles or public reaction. Another important distinction that has to be made is between the censorship which existed already on manuscripts, before the printing press was invented, and the more official censorship after the printing press was invented. Many studies have been written on censorship and its influence on the publishing of Jewish books. For example, studies have appeared on

neg: Harris Publications Harris sold additional magazine brands including the basketball magazine Slam in 1998, Guitar World in 2003 and XXL in 2014. Athlon Media acquired Harris Publications' magazine brands and websites in 2016 including Harris Farmers Almanac, American Frontiersman, Flea Market Style, Real Gardens and Music Icons. Harris Publications was founded in 1977 by Stanley R. Harris, who had been in the magazine publishing business since the late 1960s. Harris's father William invented the Harris Press printing press. One of Harris Publications' first successful and long-running titles was "Guitar World", which it published beginning in 1980, before selling the property to Future

neg: Printing press steam powered rotary printing press, invented in 1843 in the United States by Richard M. Hoe, allowed millions of copies of a page in a single day. Mass production of printed works flourished after the transition to rolled paper, as continuous feed allowed the presses to run at a much faster pace. By the late 1930s or early 1940s, rotary presses had increased substantially in efficiency: a model by Platen Printing Press was capable of performing 2,500 to 3,000 impressions per hour. Also, in the middle of the 19th century, there was a separate development of jobbing presses, small presses

neg: Saint Paul's College, Goa his episcopal services till the appointment of the first Archbishop of Goa, D. Gaspar de Leão Pereira in 1560. He introduced the printing press to Goa. The individual responsible for the initiation of printing in India was Joao De Bustamante. Bustamante, an expert printer sent accompanying the printing press, along with his Indian assistant set up the new press and began to operate it. Among others, four books are known to have been printed by Bustamante: The first book published that year was called "Conclusiones Philosophicas". A year later, the printing press published its second book, Catecismo da Doutrina Christã,

neg: Movable type Movable type Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper. The world's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng (990–1051). Subsequently in 1377, the world's oldest extant movable metal print book, Jikji, was printed in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty.

neg: Movable type the blocks were made to the same type height. If intaglio methods, such as copper plates, were used for the images, then images and the text would have required separate print runs on different machines. Movable type Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper. The world's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around

neg: Printing press was suddenly important who had said or written what, and what the precise formulation and time of composition was. This allowed the exact citing of references, producing the rule, "One Author, one work (title), one piece of information" (Giesecke, 1989; 325). Before, the author was less important, since a copy of Aristotle made in Paris would not be exactly identical to one made in Bologna. For many works prior to the printing press, the name of the author has been entirely lost. Because the printing process ensured that the same information fell on the same pages, page numbering, tables of

neg: Whitaker Wright for the sons of clergymen of all denominations. He was instructed in Latin and Greek and was taught how to use a printing press. In 1861, according to the census of that year, he was a printer in Ripon. Between 1866 and 1868, he was a Methodist preacher like his father, but retired due to ill health. He was also the elder brother of John Joseph Wright, who invented the reversible trolley pole, transmitting electricity from an overhead wire to the motors of a tram or trolleybus. The brothers started a business as printers and stationers in Halifax, England in

neg: History of propaganda with your ban, and don't be such a furious man. Otherwise we shall turn away and show you our rears."]] Propaganda during the Reformation, helped by the spread of the printing press throughout Europe, and in particular within Germany, caused new ideas, thoughts, and doctrine to be made available to the public in ways that had never been seen before the 16th century. The printing press was invented in approximately 1450 and quickly spread to other major cities around Europe; by the time the Reformation was underway in 1517 there were printing centres in over 200 of the major European

neg: Nature printing be used as the printing plate is made in copper by the electrotype process. Nature printing Nature printing is a printing process, developed in the 18th century, that uses the plants, animals, rocks and other natural subjects to produce an image. The subject undergoes several stages to give a direct impression onto materials such as lead, gum, and photographic plates, which are then used in the printing process. While some sources state that Benjamin Franklin invented nature printing from leaf casts, using a copper plate press, in 1737 to thwart counterfeiters of paper money bills, other sources also report Franklin's

neg: History of newspaper publishing format and were usually four pages long. They mostly carried news from Britain and content depended on the editor's interests. In 1783, the "Pennsylvania Evening Post" became the first American daily. In 1751, John Bushell published the "Halifax Gazette", the first Canadian newspaper. Although printing had existed in China since at least 849 AD and the printing press was invented there, Germany was the first country in Europe to adopt its use, and the first newspapers were produced there. However, Germany was divided into so many competing states that before unification in 1871, no newspaper played a dominant role. One

neg: Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury in other printing presses. His residence and business was located at 22, Sukeas Street (now the premises has been renamed 30B, Mahendra Srimany Street) from 1901 to 1914. The "Sandesh" magazine was first published here in 1913 (Baisakh Bengali year 1320). In 1914 he founded what was then probably the finest printing press in South Asia, U. Ray and Sons at 100 Garpar Road. Even the building plans were designed by him He quickly earned recognition in India and abroad for the new methods he developed for printing both black & white and colour photographs with great accuracy of detail.

neg: History of newspaper publishing that we would today consider to be newspaper publications, were appearing as early as the 16th century. They were discernibly newspapers for the following reasons: they were printed, dated, appeared at regular and frequent publication intervals, and included a variety of news items (unlike single item news mentioned above). The emergence of the new media branch was based on the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives its name. Historian Johannes Weber says, "At the same time, then, as the printing press in the physical, technological sense was invented, 'the press' in the extended sense of

neg: BusinessWorld the paper eventually closed on June 5, 1987, due to a labour strike. Employees who did not join the strike quickly regrouped with Locsin to set up the current BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation. The first copy of "BusinessWorld" was sold on July 27, 1987. In the same year, "BusinessWorld" became the first among local dailies to use desktop publishing, and in 1991 it incorporated World Press, Inc., a fully owned printing subsidiary of the firm located in Antipolo, Rizal. World Press, which started with a five-unit web offset printing press, already had nine units by 1995. In two years, it was

neg: History of printing Paris. In 1473 Kasper Straube published the "Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474" in Kraków. Dirk Martens set up a printing press in Aalst (Flanders) in 1473. He printed a book about the two lovers of Enea Piccolomini who became Pope Pius II. In 1476 a printing press was set up in England by William Caxton. The Italian Juan Pablos set up an imported press in Mexico City in 1539. The first printing press in Southeast Asia was set up in the Philippines by the Spanish in 1593. The Rev. Jose Glover intended to bring the first printing press to England's

neg: Propaganda during the Reformation Propaganda during the Reformation Propaganda during the Reformation, helped by the spread of the printing press throughout Europe and in particular within Germany, caused new ideas, thoughts, and doctrine to be made available to the public in ways that had never been seen before the sixteenth century. The printing press was invented in approximately 1450 and quickly spread to other major cities around Europe; by the time the Reformation was underway in 1517 there were printing centers in over 200 of the major European cities. These centers became the primary producers of Reformation works by the Protestants, and in some

neg: Nature printing Nature printing Nature printing is a printing process, developed in the 18th century, that uses the plants, animals, rocks and other natural subjects to produce an image. The subject undergoes several stages to give a direct impression onto materials such as lead, gum, and photographic plates, which are then used in the printing process. While some sources state that Benjamin Franklin invented nature printing from leaf casts, using a copper plate press, in 1737 to thwart counterfeiters of paper money bills, other sources also report Franklin's friend, Philadelphia naturalist Joseph Breintnall, to have made contact nature prints from leaves about

neg: Panchanan Karmakar at Hughli. In order to print Nathaniel Brassey Halhed's "A Grammar of the Bengal Language", he needed a Bangla type. Under the supervision of English typographer Charles Wilkins, Karmakar created the first Bengali typeface for printing. In 1779, Karmakar moved to Kolkata to work for Wilkins' new printing press. In 1801, he developed a typeface for British missionary William Carey's Bangla translation of the New Testament. In 1803, Karmakar developed a set of Devnagari script, the first Nagari type to be developed in India. Panchanan Karmakar Panchanan Karmakar (died c. 1804) was an Indian Bengali inventor. He invented the Bangla

neg: Renaissance in the Low Countries scientists' lives show how the Renaissance scientist is not afraid of challenging what has been taken for granted for centuries, and how this leads to problems with the all-powerful catholic church. Though the invention of the printing press by Laurens Janszoon Coster in the 1430s appears to be a romantic notion, the Low Countries had an early start in printing. By 1470 a printing press was in use in Utrecht, where the first dated extant book was printed in 1473, while the first book in the Dutch language was the 1477 Delft Bible. By 1481 the Low Countries had printing

neg: Merrymount Press the December 1941 issue of "Woman’s Home Companion", which was set by Merrymount. That same year, Updike used Times to print his last publication, "Some Aspects of Printing Old and New". Over its 56-year history, Merrymount Press produced a significant volume of ephemera, especially for local businesses and organizations. Advertisements, dinner invitations, letterhead, and the like were Merrymount's bread and butter, keeping the Press in operation. What made Updike New England's most distinguished printer, however, were the beautiful, finely printed books produced by Merrymount Press. Below is a sampling of what many consider to be the Press's most noteworthy works.

neg: House of the First Print Shop in the Americas House of the First Print Shop in the Americas The House of the First Printing Press in the Americas () at the corner of Moneda and Licenciado Primo Verdad streets in Mexico City was the home of the first printing press/print shop in the New World. The printer Juan Pablos oversaw the printing of at least 35 books at this print shop between 1539, the date of the first book printed in the Americas, and his death in 1560. The house was originally constructed by Gerónimo de Aguilar in 1524 and is located on the outer edge of what was

neg: History of printing some considered his most ingenious invention: a special matrix which enabled the moulding of new movable types with an unprecedented precision at short notice. Within a year of printing the Gutenberg Bible, Gutenberg also published the first coloured prints. The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication and book production, leading to the spread of knowledge. Printing was rapidly spread from Germany by emigrating German printers, but also by foreign apprentices returning home. A printing press was built in Venice in 1469, and by 1500 the city had 417 printers. In 1470 Johann Heynlin set up a printing press in

neg: William Bullock (inventor) 1849. Shortly after this, he became involved in the newspaper world, and began working as an editor for a Philadelphia newspaper, "The Banner of the Union". The paper later moved to Catskill, New York. In 1853, Bullock began working on a hand-turned wooden printing press that had a self-feeder, an idea that laid the foundation for his later presses, one of which he designed in 1860 for the national publication "Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly". Bullock moved to Pittsburgh, and in a couple of years, perfected a printing press called the web rotary press. Richard March Hoe had invented the rotary

neg: Printing press adopted the basic design, thereby mechanizing the printing process. Printing, however, put a demand on the machine quite different from pressing. Gutenberg adapted the construction so that the pressing power exerted by the platen on the paper was now applied both evenly and with the required sudden elasticity. To speed up the printing process, he introduced a movable undertable with a plane surface on which the sheets could be swiftly changed. The concept of movable type was not new in the 15th century; movable type printing had been invented in China during the Song dynasty, and was later used in

neg: Venice writings of the Anglican divine William Bedell are particularly illuminating. Venice was threatened with the interdict on a number of occasions and twice suffered its imposition. The second, most noted, occasion was in 1606, by order of Pope Paul V. Venetian ambassadors sent home still-extant secret reports of the politics and rumours of European courts, providing fascinating information to modern historians. The newly invented German printing press spread rapidly throughout Europe in the 15th century, and Venice was quick to adopt it. By 1482, Venice was the printing capital of the world, and the leading printer was Aldus Manutius, who

neg: Cambridge University Press University Press book was printed. Cambridge is one of the two privileged presses (the other being Oxford University Press). Authors published by Cambridge have included John Milton, William Harvey, Isaac Newton, Bertrand Russell, and Stephen Hawking. University printing began in Cambridge when the first practising University Printer, Thomas Thomas, set up a printing house on the site of what became the Senate House lawn – a few yards from where the press's bookshop now stands. In those days, the Stationers' Company in London jealously guarded its monopoly of printing, which partly explains the delay between the date of the university's

neg: Korea printing was invented by Choe Yun-ui in 1234. This invention made printing easier, more efficient and also increased literacy, which observed by Chinese visitors was seen to be so important where it was considered to be shameful to not be able to read. The Mongol Empire later adopted Korea's movable type printing and spread as far as Central Asia. There is conjecture as to whether or not Choe's invention had any influence on later printing inventions such as Gutenberg's Printing press. When the Mongols invaded Europe they inadvertently introduced different kinds of Asian technology. During the Joseon period, the Turtle

neg: Robert Harrild rollers and materials. Harrild was responsible for preserving the Benjamin Franklin printing press. Franklin’s machine was one that he worked on as an unknown journeyman, whilst living in London in 1752-6; although it became obsolete when first the Blaew Press and later the Stanhope were invented, Harrild kept the machine on which Franklin had worked until 1841. Harrild exhibited the machine in public, sending the money raised by the exhibition to the London Printers' Pension Society. Harrild then presented the Franklin Press to Mr J. B. Murray, from America, and it was taken to the United States and put on

neg: Henry Martyn Whitney be the advancement of the nation in its commercial, political and social condition. Although born in the Kingdom of Hawaii (and thus a citizen of that country), he openly called for closer ties with the United States. The second "Advertiser" issue included coverage of the US Independence Day celebrations. The first issues were printed on a hand press that produced 600 papers an hour, but by March 1857 he could expand circulation with a new power press invented by Isaac Adams. In 1859 Whitney acquired the assets of the Sandwich Islands Mission Press, paid for with printing services. The mission

neg: Saint Paul's College, Goa first entered India through St. Paul's College in Goa. In a letter to St. Ignatius of Loyola, dated 30 April 1556, Father Gasper Caleza speaks of a ship carrying a printing press, setting sail from Portugal to Abyssinia (current-day Ethiopia) via Goa, with the purpose of helping missionary work. Circumstances prevented this printing press from leaving India, and consequently, printing operations began in Goa in 1556, established at the Jesuit College of St Paul in Old Goa. That year, D. João Nunes Barreto, who had been appointed Patriarch of Abyssinia, and his coadjutor Belchior Leitão stood residing in Goa, offering

neg: R. Hoe & Company University–Idaho. After Smith’s death, Hoe and his sons renamed the company and worked on improving existing machinery. In 1827 Hoe bought and improved a patent on wrought iron framed presses initially owned by Samuel Rust. After their father’s death, sons Richard and Robert Hoe (?–September 23, 1909) took control of the company and continued to innovate the printing process. The company developed a mechanical sheet delivery system, invented and patented the rotary printing press, and developed the first type revolving presses. R. Hoe & Company helped facilitate the rapid and inexpensive production of newspapers. Their 1855 lithographic presses, in dimensions

neg: Silver City Daily Press and Independent were ordered dropped in 2012 by a New Mexico District Judge. In April 2007, the "Silver City Daily Press" received the Mark Twain Award from the New Mexico Associated Press Managing Editors (NMAPME). First awarded by NMAPME in 1996, the "Silver City Daily Press" receive the Mark Twain Award in 2007 for their outstanding member cooperation throughout the year 2006. In 2008, the newspaper switched from using its own printing presses to outsourcing the job of printing the daily paper to Signature Offset, a printing firm located in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The decision to hire an outside printing house

neg: William Bell Wait developed a printing press which used a breakthrough process which allowed for embossing on dual sides of a book page. He also formulated more economic and durable methods of book binding, reducing the long-term costs of printing. William B. Wait founded the following organizations: William B. Wait wrote the following books: William Bell Wait William Bell Wait (1839–1916) was a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind who invented New York Point, a system of writing for the blind that was adopted widely in the United States before the Braille system was universally adopted there.

neg: Blaž Baromić which he sought financial support in Senj. He then traveled to Venice where he learned the printing process and acquired all the printing tools needed. In 1493, he also printed his first breviary, under the guidance of Andrea Torresani. He founded the Senj printing press the following year. On August 7, 1494, he completed the first work of the printing house, a glagolithic missal, the second edition of the Missale Romanum. Blaž Baromić Blaž Baromić (before 1450 in Vrbnik – after 1505 in Senj) was a Croatian printer, calligrapher, founder of the Senj printing press in 1494, the second oldest

neg: Belgrade printing house in question was actually Berat in Albania or some other Belgrade on the Balkans. Dmitrović died before the first book was printed in his printing house. According to some sources, he died before the printing press he bought was even delivered to him, while some other sources say he died during the printing of the first book. After Dmitrovićs death, the printing press was received by Trojan Gundulić, a member of the noble Gondola family, who lived in the large colony of Ragusans in Belgrade as an illegitimate son of a Ragusan nobleman. Gundulić moved the press to his house,

neg: History of printing rubbed with tarlatan cloth to remove most of the excess. The final smooth wipe is usually done by hand, sometimes with the aid of newspaper or old public phone book pages, leaving ink only in the incisions. A damp piece of paper is placed on top and the plate and paper are run through a printing press that, through pressure, transfers the ink from the recesses of the plate to the paper. Invented by Bavarian author Aloys Senefelder in 1796, lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface. Lithography is a printing process that uses chemical processes to

neg: Eastern Color Printing later that year, Wildenberg created the first modern-format comic book when idly folding a newspaper into halves and then into quarters and finding that a convenient book size. In Spring 1933, Eastern printed one million copies of the first modern-format comic book, the 32-page "Funnies on Parade", as a way to keep their press running, and as a promotion for Procter & Gamble. The names of those associated with the project read as a who's-who of early publishers in what comics historians and fans call the Platinum Age and Golden Age of Comic Books: Max Gaines (founder of EC Comics),

neg: Isaac Adams Isaac Adams Isaac Adams (August 16, 1802 – July 19, 1883) was an American inventor and politician. He served in the Massachusetts Senate and invented the Adams Power Press, which revolutionized the printing industry. Adams was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, the son of Benjamin Adams and Elizabeth (Horne) Adams. His education was limited, and at an early age he was an operative in a cotton factory. Afterward he learned the trade of cabinet maker, but in 1824 went to Boston and sought work in a machine shop. He invented the Adams Power Press in 1827, and it was introduced

neg: French Wars of Religion Medieval period. In 1495 the Venetian Aldus Manutius began using the newly invented printing press to produce small, inexpensive, pocket editions of Greek, Latin, and vernacular literature, making knowledge in all disciplines available for the first time to a wide public. Printing in mass editions (including cheap pamphlets and broadsides) allowed theological and religious ideas to be disseminated at an unprecedented pace. In 1519 John Froben, a humanist printer, published a collection of Luther’s works. In one correspondence, he reported that 600 copies of such works were being shipped to France and Spain and were sold in Paris. The Meaux

neg: Lie Kim Hok in 1880. His wife died the following year. Lie published his first books, including the critically acclaimed "syair" (poem) "Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari" and grammar book "Malajoe Batawi", in 1884. When van der Linden died the following year, Lie purchased the printing press and opened his own company. Over the following two years Lie published numerous books, including "Tjhit Liap Seng", considered the first Chinese Malay novel. He also acquired printing rights for "Pembrita Betawi", a newspaper based in Batavia (now Jakarta), and moved to the city. After selling his printing press in 1887, the writer spent three years working

neg: Latin Press Latin Press The Latin Press was a small letterpress printing business (not, strictly speaking, a private press, although it is sometimes described as such), run by Douglas "Guido" Morris (1910–1980). He became interested in printing in his twenties and first experimented with type and a home-made press in Oxford in 1934. In the following year Morris bought his first iron hand-presses (a small Albion press and a larger Columbian press) and established the Latin Press at Langford, near Bristol, undertaking some of his earliest work for Bristol Zoo. Morris was a passionate printer and typographical designer, but he was not

neg: Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) Company. Air conditioning not only spawned a company and an industry, but also brought about profound economic, social and cultural changes. 1903 Tea bag A tea bag is a small, porous paper, silk or nylon sealed bag containing tea leaves for brewing tea. Tea bags were invented by Thomas Sullivan around 1903. The first tea bags were made from silk. Sullivan was a tea and coffee merchant in New York who began packaging tea samples in tiny silk bags, but many customers brewed the tea in them. 1903 Offset printing press 1903 Airplane A fixed-wing aircraft, or airplane, is a

neg: Allan Fleming today and acclaimed as one of the top 50 corporate logos of all time by design historian Alice Rawsthorn [Report on Business, October 2000]. In this same year he designed an innovative and gritty fundraising brochure in an unusual photo-documentary style for the United Church of Canada, as well as "Printing and Social Change" by Marshall McLuhan, which was published in "Printing Progress: A Mid-Century Report" by the International Association of Printing House Craftsmen. Fleming also established his first private press that year, the Tortoise Press, whose first book was "Eight Poems", by Richard Outram. Besides launching the CN symbol

neg: Music technology harp were also popular in the time. Early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed in the medieval era. The Renaissance music era (c. 1400 to 1600) saw the development of many new technologies that affected the performance and distribution of songs and musical pieces. Around 1450, the printing press was invented, which made printed sheet music much less expensive and easier to mass-produce (prior to the invention of the printing press, all notated music was laboriously hand-copied). The increased availability of printed sheet music helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across

neg: Robert Zahn Zahn had a major influence on the future direction of the Vogtland engineering company. Under his leadership, the firm perfected the construction of rotary printing press, a process started in 1899. VOMAG equipped the B.Z. am Mittag tabloid newspaper with what were the largest and fastest rotary printing presses at that time in 1908. The company presented the world’s first web-fed offset printing press. in 1912. The company also considered making trucks, but this only started in 1915. Münchberg honoured its important son with an information board on the house of his birth in 2015. The city of Plauen has

neg: Music technology (mechanical) vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed in the medieval era. The Renaissance music era (c. 1400 to 1600) saw the development of many new technologies that affected the performance and distribution of songs and musical pieces. Around 1450, the printing press was invented, which made printed sheet music much less expensive and easier to mass-produce (prior to the invention of the printing press, all notated music was laboriously hand-copied). The increased availability of printed sheet music helped to spread musical styles more quickly and across a larger geographic area. One limiting factor to the wider dissemination of musical styles

neg: History of printing and publishing in Dhaka Appendix etc.'. It was in octavo form containing forty pages. 'Dacca: Printed at the Kattra Press, 1849' was written on its title page. It suggests that printing press exists in Dhaka before 1856. Thus it can be said that the printing press first starts working in the year of 1848/49 in Kattra. Muntasir Mamun wants to mean Chhoto Kattra where the Baptist missionaries resided and set up their offices. So this report published in 1849 by Baptist Missionaries is the first printed piece. Two more Bengali books named "Prahelika" ("প্রহেলিকা") and "Prarthana Anukram" ("প্রার্থনা অনুক্রম") were from Kattra. Though "Prahelika"

neg: Eastern Color Printing more customers to heatset printers, Eastern approaches Rockwell Graphics System (Goss) in 1993 about installation of a heatset press, which is installed the following year. Eastern incorporates digital technology into its pre-press processes. Eastern stays in business by printing advertising for corporations such as Circuit City, Michael’s Craft Stores, and Media Play. Eastern Color Printing goes out of business. Source: Giveaways include Eastern Color Printing The Eastern Color Printing Company was a company that published comic books, beginning in 1933. At first it was only newspaper comic strip reprints, but later on original material was published. Eastern Color Printing was

neg: Composer church music there existed a vibrant tradition of secular song (non-religious songs). Examples of composers from this period are Léonin, Pérotin and Guillaume de Machaut. During the Renaissance music era (c. 1400 to 1600) composers tended to focus more on writing songs about secular (non-religious) themes, such as courtly love. Around 1450, the printing press was invented, which made printed sheet music much less expensive and easier to mass-produce (prior to the invention of the printing press, all notated music was hand-copied). The increased availability of sheet music helped to spread composers' musical styles more quickly and across a larger

neg: Vlastos Galatz and take refuge with Georges Vlasto, the banker, their uncle. Two of the son of John, then left Romania for the United States, Stylianos-Solon and Demetrius. They founded in New York the first Greek newspaper of America in March 1894, Atlantis and the first Greek printing the New World. Perhaps they followed in the footsteps of Nicolas Vlasto who founded the first Greek printing press in Venice in 1493 and those of Stylianos C. Vlasto who founded in 1841 the first printing press in Athens. Son of Konstantin, 1827 Moscow, Russia – 1899 Stavropol. Governor General of the Stavropol

neg: Flong of San Serriffe in British newspaper The Guardian's 1977 April fool story. This was only one of many printing and typographical puns in the stories. Flong In relief printing, a flong is a temporary negative mould made of a forme of set type, in order to cast a metal stereotype (or "stereo") which can be used in a rotary press, or in letterpress printing after the type has been broken down for re-use. The process is called "stereotyping". Invented in Lyon in 1829 by the French printer Claude Genoux, a flong was a papier-mâché mould made with the aid of

neg: History of German journalism derives its name. Historian Johannes Weber says, "At the same time, then, as the printing press in the physical, technological sense was invented, 'the press' in the extended sense of the word also entered the historical stage. The phenomenon of publishing was born. The German-language "Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien", printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg, was the first newspaper. A large number of newspapers and magazines flourished. A typical small city had one or two newspapers; Berlin and Leipzig had dozens. The audience was limited to perhaps five percent of the adult men, chiefly from

neg: E. B. Grandin Gilbert said that he added punctuation and capitalization in the evenings. Cowdery also set some type. To print the book, Grandin used a Smith Improved Printing Press invented by Peter Smith (1795–1823), which first appeared on the market about 1821 and was the most up-to-date press available to the small printer of the day. In October, Smith wrote that locals were "very much excited" by the prospect of publication, but their excitement was not the sort that Smith had hoped for. The "Palmyra Freeman" called the prospective book "the greatest piece of superstition that has come to our knowledge." In

neg: Alipore Jail Press Government Printing and subject to the direct control of the Jail Department. Two committees in 1908 and 1909 sat to decide what work should be done at the jail Press and what at the Secretariat Press. The final arrangements included the abolition of the Paid-Division of the Jail Press. On 6 April 1908, Mr. John Grey, the first Press and Forms Manager took over the charge of the Jail Press. The press was once more a Jail industry. The new Alipore Jail, the now Alipore Correctional Home, was opened and though far from being complete, a small book-binding unit was

neg: Slate and stylus Slate and stylus The slate and stylus are tools used by blind persons to write text that they can read without assistance. Invented by Charles Barbier as the tool for writing night writing, the slate and stylus allow for a quick, easy, convenient and constant method of making embossed printing for Braille character encoding. Prior methods of making raised printing for the blind required a movable type printing press. The basic design of the slate consists of two pieces of metal, plastic or wood fastened together with a hinge at one side. The back part of the slate is solid

neg: Demetrius Comino invented a toy submarine, and after attending Sydney Grammar School, travelled to London in 1921 to study electrical engineering at University College London. After graduating with a first class honours degree in 1924, Comino served a three-year apprenticeship with British Thomson-Houston in Rugby before leaving to establish a printing business, Krisson Printing Ltd, near Oxford Circus in central London ("Krisson" being Greek for 'better'). The printing business grew quickly, but Comino never felt happy in printing and wanted further business challenges. In 1937, he established Dexion Ltd (from the Greek for 'right') to market products he had developed and patented

neg: Flexography regardless of printing on flexible film or corrugated paper, the image transferred from each plate has to register exactly with the images transferred from the other colors. To ensure an accurate picture is made, mounting marks are made on the flexographic plates. These mounting marks can be microdots (down to 0.3 mm) and/or crosses. Special machinery is made for mounting these plates on the printing cylinders to maintain registration. Earle L. Harley invented and patent the Opti-Chek Mounting and Proofing machine enabling the operator to check the registration before going to the press. 3. Printing A flexographic print is made

neg: Four Great Inventions Northern China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing. Then there were those such as Wang Zhen (fl. 1290-1333) who invented respectively wooden type setting, which later influenced developing metal moveable type printing in Korea (1372-1377). Movable type printing was a tedious process if one were to assemble thousands of individual characters for the printing of simply one or a few books, but if used for printing thousands of books, the process was efficient

neg: South Australian Register George Stevenson, as editor. Thomas embarked for South Australia aboard the "Africaine" later that year, arriving on 10 November 1836 with his family and equipment to set up a printing plant. It was six months before the first colonial edition of "The Register" was printed on 3 June 1837 in a small mud hut on an acre in Hindley Street, near what is now named Register Place. (The colloquialism "mud hut" would seem to be an understatement for a substantial pisé building in which was operated a demy Stanhope press, an ancient wooden press, and racks holding "half a ton

neg: Alipore Jail Press lithographic presses and all other necessary machines. On 1 July 1858, the printing of all Bengal forms was, for the first time, undertaken by the Jail Department. The Press began to print with varying degrees of considerable profit. In 1870, a memorable year in the history of Bengal Jails, Dr. Mouat retired after 15 years of office. His retirement was seized upon by those who opposed him to reverse his policy and that which Dr. Mouat had so strived to eradicate soon took precedence over printing. The reformatory and educational endeavours were replaced with the penal effects of the tread-mill,

neg: Graphic design quis"". These printed announcements were followed by later public registers of "wants" called "want ads" and in some areas such as the first periodical in Paris advertising was termed "advices". The "Advices" were what we know today as "want ad media" or "advice columns". In 1638 Harvard University received a printing press from England. More than 52 years passed before London bookseller Benjamin Harris received another printing press in Boston. Harris published a newspaper in serial form, "'Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick'". It was four pages long and suppressed by the government after its first edition. John Campbell is

neg: Božidar Vuković also our Serb and also Bulgarian ones"). He distributed his books to monks via Kotor and Dubrovnik. The books influenced not only Serbian printing, but also Bulgarian, Romanian and Russian printing. In his first testament, Vuković left his printing press to the monasteries in Lake Skadar, his homeland. He later revised it and left it to his son Vićentije Vuković, who carried on the enterprise of his father, and their printing-press continued to work up to 1597, issuing several church books in the Serbian-Slavonic language. During the first half of the 16th century the Serbs had printing-presses in Belgrade, Shkodër,

neg: Jotham Meeker what became Kansas. Jotham and Eleanor went with them arriving in northeast Kansas in fall 1833. In 1834 the Meekers installed a printing press at Shawnee Baptist Mission in present Johnson County, Kansas and in 1837 established a mission near present-day Ottawa, Kansas where for 18 years he ministered to the needs of the Ottawa Indians who lived there. They endured floods, prairie fires, cholera and malaria to serve the Indians for more than 20 years. Their daughter, Maria, was the first white child born in Kansas. Meeker was an early advocate of printing native languages and developed an orthography

neg: Photo-book to their vulnerability to light and damage caused by frequent handling. What is arguably the first photo book, "" (1843–1853) was created by Anna Atkins. The book was released as a partwork to assist the scientific community in the identification of marine specimens. The non-silver cyanotype printing process worked by pressing actual specimens in contact with light-sensitive paper; hence the word "impression" in the book's title. "The Pencil of Nature" (1844–46) was produced by William Henry Fox Talbot, who had invented the Calotype photographic process in 1839. Although significant as the first negative/positive photography process, the Calotype was also envisioned

neg: The Economical Printing Press in Dubai The Economical Printing Press in Dubai The Economical Printing Press is the second commercial printing press to be established in Dubai and has been in Dubai for over 40 Years. The Economical Printing Press is specialized in ABT and BLTmedia. The company was founded by Mr. "Hassan Fahmi" Saleh AlShunnar, an architectural engineer who migrated to Dubai in the early 60's looking for work. He later on realized the markets need for a professional Printing Press that provides quality offset printing. The Company was founded in the heart of the city, which is now being recognized as "Al Karama" Using