query: what are the mountains between france and italy

pos: Alps Alps The Alps (; ; ; ; ; ) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in

pos: Frankfurt proposals position and accepted the moderate terms. The proposal was that Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France, but France would be reduced to what the French revolutionaries claimed as France's "Natural borders." The natural borders were the Pyrenees mountains, the Alps mountains, and the Rhine River. France would retain control of Belgium, Savoy and the Rhineland (the west bank of the Rhine River), conquered and annexed during the early wars of the French Revolution, while giving up other conquests, including all of Spain, Poland and the Netherlands, and most of Italy and Germany east of the Rhine. Metternich and Napoleon,

pos: Evolution of the wolf between two wolf populations that are living in close proximity. It has been shown that mountain wolves do not interbreed with nearby coastal wolves, and the Alps of France and Switzerland have been repopulated with wolves from the mountains of nearby Italy and from the far away mountains of Croatia rather than from the nearer lowlands, which indicates that distance is not the driving force in differences between the two ecomorphs. In 2013, a genetic study found that the wolf population in Europe was divided along a north-south axis and formed five major clusters. Three clusters were identified occupying southern

pos: Pinus cembra Pinus cembra Pinus cembra, also known as Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine or Arolla pine or Austrian stone pine or just Stone pine, is a species of pine tree that grows in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains of central Europe, in Poland (Tatra Mountains), Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia (Tatra Mountains), Ukraine and Romania. It typically grows at to altitude. It often reaches the alpine tree line in this area. The mature size is typically between and in height, and the trunk diameter can be up to . The species is long-lasting and can reach an age between

pos: Pinus cembra Pinus cembra Pinus cembra, also known as Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine or Arolla pine or Austrian stone pine or just Stone pine, is a species of pine tree that grows in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains of central Europe, in Poland (Tatra Mountains), Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia (Tatra Mountains), Ukraine and Romania. It typically grows at to altitude. It often reaches the alpine tree line in this area. The mature size is typically between and in height, and the trunk diameter can be up to . The species is long-lasting and can reach an age between

pos: Jougne Jougne Jougne is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. The commune is situated from Pontarlier and from the Swiss border. It lies in the Jura Mountains, which form the border between France and Switzerland. It dominates the valley of the Jougnena. From "Piquemiette", there are views of the Alps. In the Middle Ages, Jougne was an important toll station on the road to Italy. Of the ancient fortifications, a gate and ramparts, as well as ruins of the fort, remain. The chapel of Saint Maurice dates from the twelfth century and has a

pos: Alps Trento (Italy) and Innsbruck (Austria). Larger cities outside the Alps are Milan, Verona, Turin (Italy), Munich (Germany), Vienna, Salzburg (Austria), Zurich, Geneva (Switzerland) and Lyon (France). Cities with over 100,000 inhabitants in the Alps are: The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry continue to be mainstays of Alpine culture, industries that provide for export to the

pos: Chorthippus parallelus in morphological, behavioural, chromosomal and DNA sequence characters. There is a hybrid zone between "C.p.erythropus" and "C.p.parallelus" running along the ridge of the Pyrenees mountains between Spain and France. A similar hybrid zone has been described between forms in France and Italy that runs along the Alps. Chorthippus parallelus Chorthippus parallelus, the meadow grasshopper, is a common species of grasshopper found in non-arid grasslands throughout the well vegetated areas of Europe and some adjoining areas of Asia. It is a well-studied organism in the discipline of Evolutionary biology and was an early and important model system for the study of

pos: Ultramontanism Ultramontanism Ultramontanism is a clerical political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the pope. The term's origins are in ecclesiastical language from the Middle Ages: when a non-Italian was elected to the papacy, he was said to be "papa ultramontano", that is, a pope from beyond the mountains (referring to the Alps). Foreign students at medieval Italian universities were also referred to as "ultramontanes". The word was revived but the meaning reversed after the Protestant Reformation in France, to indicate the "man beyond the mountains" located in Italy. In France, the

pos: Seelisberg Tunnel Seelisberg Tunnel The Seelisberg Tunnel is a motorway tunnel in Switzerland. The tunnel links Beckenried, in the canton of Nidwalden, with Seedorf, in the canton of Uri, running under the mountains that form the south shore of Lake Lucerne. It forms part of the A2 motorway between Basel, on the border with Germany and France, and Chiasso, on the border with Italy. Completed in 1980, the twin bores of the tunnel are and in length. After the Gotthard Road Tunnel, this is Switzerland's second-longest road tunnel but unlike the Gotthard Tunnel which crosses the Alps completely north to south, the

pos: Bombus argillaceus which is black. In Turkey, it lives in the mountains, usually at heights between above sea level. It has, however, been found as high as . Its major food sources are flowering plants from the Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family), Asteraceae (aster family), Lamiaceae (mint family), and Fabaceae (pea family). "B. argillaceus" is found from the eastern Mediterranean to the Alps in France, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria, over Hungary north to Cluj in Romania. In the east, it reaches eastern Kazakhstan, and in the south and south-east the Balkans, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. Bombus argillaceus Bombus argillaceus is

pos: Cottian Alps Italian side. The borders of the Cottian Alps are (clockwise): The chief peaks of the Cottian Alps are: The chief passes of the Cottian Alps are: Cottian Alps The Cottian Alps (; ; ); are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between France (Hautes-Alpes and Savoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The Fréjus Road Tunnel and Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Modane and Susa are important transportation arteries between France (Lyon, Grenoble) and Italy (Turin). The name "Cottian" comes from "Marcus Julius Cottius", a king of the tribes inhabiting that mountainous region in the 1st

pos: France–Italy relations military conflict was the Second Battle of the Alps in April 1945. France–Italy relations France–Italy relations refer to the interstate relations as well as the historical links between the French Republic and the Italian Republic (since 1946) and its predecessor the Kingdom of Italy (1861—1946). Both countries were among the Inner six that founded the European Community, the predecessor of the EU. They are also founding members of the G7/G8 and NATO. Since April 9, 1956 Rome and Paris are exclusively and reciprocally twinned with each other, with the popular saying: The two countries share 488 km of border The

pos: Chersotis andereggii Chersotis andereggii Chersotis andereggii is a moth of the Noctuidae family. "Chersotis andereggii" has a wingspan of 29–32 mm. These relatively small moths are generally greyish-brown, with large dark orbicular and claviform markings. Adults are on wing from the end of July to the first half of August. The larvae feed on "Lychnis", "Melilotus" and "Trifolium" species. This species can be found in Europe (Bulgaria, East European Russia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland), in the southern Urals, Turkey, north-western Iran, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kirghizia, the Altai mountains, the Sayan Mountains, Baikal, Kamchatka, Mongolia, the Himalaya, the Alps. These moths

pos: Cottian Alps Cottian Alps The Cottian Alps (; ; ); are a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps. They form the border between France (Hautes-Alpes and Savoie) and Italy (Piedmont). The Fréjus Road Tunnel and Fréjus Rail Tunnel between Modane and Susa are important transportation arteries between France (Lyon, Grenoble) and Italy (Turin). The name "Cottian" comes from "Marcus Julius Cottius", a king of the tribes inhabiting that mountainous region in the 1st century BC. These tribes had previously opposed but later made peace with Julius Caesar. Cottius was succeeded by his son, also named Marcus Julius Cottius, who

pos: Geography of Italy () are enclaves. Including islands, Italy has a coastline of on the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea, Sea of Sardinia and Strait of Sicily. Almost 40% of the Italian territory is mountainous, with the Alps as the northern boundary and the Apennine Mountains forming the backbone of the peninsula and extending for . In between the two lies a large plain in the valley of the Po, the largest river in Italy, which flows eastward from the Cottian Alps to the Adriatic. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy, with , and it represents over

pos: Apollo (butterfly) mountains, in Spain, Scandinavia and Central Europe, in the Balkans up to northern Greece and in the Alps between Italy and France. It is also present in some areas of the central Asia (Sakha). Typical of high altitudes, its range is from up to , although it is far more present above . This species requires specific climatic conditions (cold winter, sunny summer). It also requires wide open spaces (with a cover of shrubs less than 5%) and a large surface of lawns (at least 50%). The presence of the host plant for the caterpillars is critical. "Parnassius apollo" has

pos: Mediterranean Basin the Atlas Mountains. In the eastern Mediterranean the Sahara extends to the southern shore of the Mediterranean, with the exception of the northern fringe of the peninsula of Cyrenaica in Libya, which has a dry Mediterranean climate. Europe lies to the north, and three large Southern European peninsulas, the Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, and the Balkan Peninsula, extend into the Mediterranean-climate zone. A system of folded mountains, including the Pyrenees dividing Spain from France, the Alps dividing Italy from Central Europe, the Dinaric Alps along the eastern Adriatic, and the Balkan and Rhodope mountains of the Balkan Peninsula divide the

neg: Gran Fondo The Italian cycling federation "Federciclismo" provides rules of what makes an Italian Gran Fondo. Similar events were soon held in other countries, most notably France, where they are called “Cyclosportive”. Today, Gran Fondo events are held in many countries. However, not all of them follow the true Italian Gran Fondo model of a cycling marathon. Italy In Italy, Gran Fondos are held between February and October. A full list can be found on dalzero.it . “Dal zero” means “from zero” and refers to the way Gran Fondos are usually raced: “a tutta” or “all out”, from the start. In Italy,

neg: Brigasc dialect Brigasc dialect Brigasc is a dialect of the Ligurian language. It is spoken in Italy and France. The Brigasc dialect is spoken in La Brigue (France) and Briga Alta (Italy) and some villages of the communes of Ormea and Triora. It is very close to Royasc dialect. During the Renaissance the Ligurian language was spoken in all the territories of the Republic of Genoa: in the western area of this republic one of its groups (spoken mainly in the area between the Principality of Monaco and Sanremo) was called "Intemelio". The language spoken in the mountains around Briga was called

neg: Tibesti Mountains was evacuated. The government, led by Félix Malloum since Tombalbaye's overthrow in 1975, signed a peace agreement with Habré in 1978, although fighting with other rebel groups, many aligned with Libya, continued. The Aouzou strip in the Tibesti region was defined for the first time in the discussions between France and Italy after World War I, in relation to an award to Italy for the victory in that war. At the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, France agreed to give some Saharan territories to Italian Libya: the area around Aouzou in the Tibesti region. After many discussions during the 1920s, in

neg: Names of the Celts to Grimm's Law to yield proto-Germanic "*walh-". The Volcae were one of the Celtic peoples who for two centuries barred the southward expansion of the Germanic tribes (in what is now central Germany) on the line of the Harz mountains and into Saxony and Silesia. In the Middle Ages, territories with primarily Romance-speaking populations, such as France and Italy, were known in German as as opposed to , and the word is cognate with "Vlach" and "Walloon" as well as with the "-wall" in "Cornwall". Other examples are the surnames "Wallace" and "Walsh". During the early Germanic period, the term

neg: Sarrasine what it means to be a woman, and the degree to which those stand in opposition. The story also touches on oppositions between the generations, as Sarrasine himself is opposite to his father, on oppositions between the art world and the political world, on oppositions between France and Italy, and on oppositions between the ideal and the real. Roland Barthes identifies castration as one of the novella's main concerns. Zambinella is a castrato. Because women were not allowed on stage, castrati regularly played the parts of women. The tradition of the castrati ended in France before it did in Italy,

neg: Mittelgebirge Hungarian Plain. In France, the Massif Central, located between the Western Alps and the Pyrenees, even climbs to but does not reach the tree line due to its Mediterranean climate. In Italy, most parts of the Apennine Mountains running from the Maritime Alps down to the Strait of Messina are shaped by its "Mittelgebirge" character, though in Abruzzo peaks are up to high. In Britain well-known examples include the pikes of the Lake District, the Pennines, the Scottish Highlands and the Snowdon Massif, in Ireland the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, in the United States some ranges of the Appalachians, such as the

neg: Waldensians Waldensians The Waldensians (also known variously as Waldenses (), Vallenses, Valdesi or Vaudois) were an ascetic movement within Christianity, founded by Peter Waldo in Lyon around 1173. The Waldensian movement first appeared in Lyon in the late 1170s and quickly spread to the Cottian Alps between what is today France and Italy. True to its historic roots, the Waldensian movement today is centred on Piedmont in Northern Italy, and small communities are also found in Southern Italy, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Uruguay. The movement originated in the late twelfth century as the Poor Men of Lyon, a

neg: Francesco Moser Milan–San Remo. Moser won the 1974 Paris–Tours, the 1977 Züri-Metzgete, the 1979 Gent–Wevelgem, and the 1977 Flèche Wallonne. Moser had some success in the three-week grand tours. He rode the Tour de France in 1975, and although he won two stages, led the race for seven days and won the young rider competition, he never rode the Tour again; the mountains did not suit him. However, he won the 1984 Giro d'Italia, in front of Laurent Fignon of France and Moreno Argentin of Italy. Taking advantage of an unusually flat course, Moser used time-trialing ability to overcome what others had

neg: Italians in France always been migration, since ancient times, between what is today Italy and France. This is especially true of the regions of northwestern Italy and southeastern France. As Italian wealth and influence grew during the Middle Ages, many Florentine, Genoese, Neapolitan, Piedmontese and Venetian traders, bankers and artisans settled, usually through family branches, throughout France. Regions of significant Italian diaspora sprang up as far north as Paris and Flanders. However it was not much as a percentage of the French global population. This Italian migration developed more through the Renaissance, as previous generations became assimilated. Italian artists, writers and architects were

neg: Eurasian brown bear the border between Spain and France, which was once on the edge of extinction, as well as two subpopulations in the Cantabrian Mountains in Spain (amounting to around 250 individuals). There are also populations totalling around one hundred bears in the Abruzzo, South Tyrol and Trentino regions of Italy. Populations in Baltoscandia are slowly increasing. They include over 2000 bears in Sweden, another 1200 in Finland, 700 in Estonia and around 70 in Norway. Large populations can be found in Romania (around 6000 individuals), Slovakia (700-900), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (1200), Slovenia (500-700), Macedonia, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, and Georgia; smaller

neg: France the language of Europe's aristocracy. It also saw a long set of wars, known as the Italian Wars, between France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. Refusing to accept the Spanish-Portuguese claims of supremacy in the New World, King Francis I ordered his privateers to sail against his Spanish rival, King Charles V, who ruled as Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 until 1556. The Emperor's realm extended from Spain to parts of what are now Italy, Austria, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. French explorers, such as Jacques Cartier or Samuel de Champlain, claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving

neg: Sulcis Mountains Sulcis Mountains The Sulcis Mountains () is a mountain chain in Sardinia, Italy. Together with the Monte Linas massif, from which they are separated by the flood plain of the Cixerri River, they form the Sulcis-Iglesiente Mountains, one of the most ancient geological formations in the island. The Sulcis Mountains geological structure is rather intricated, due to their very ancient origin which, in the first formations, dates to more than 600 millions years ago (Cambrian period). Their age is also shown by the rather mild nature of the reliefs, with a few peaks over 1000 m of altitude, presenting what

neg: Nîmes Nîmes Nîmes (; ; Provençal Occitan: "Nimes" ) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France. It is the capital of the Gard department. Nîmes is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountains. The estimated population of Nîmes is 146,709 (2012). Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city was a regional capital, and home to 50,000–60,000 people. Several famous monuments are in Nîmes, such as the Nîmes Arena and the Maison Carrée. Because of this, Nîmes is often referred to as the

neg: Nîmes twinned with: Nîmes Nîmes (; ; Provençal Occitan: "Nimes" ) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France. It is the capital of the Gard department. Nîmes is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountains. The estimated population of Nîmes is 146,709 (2012). Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city was a regional capital, and home to 50,000–60,000 people. Several famous monuments are in Nîmes, such as the Nîmes Arena and the Maison Carrée. Because of this, Nîmes is often referred to

neg: France–Italy border Liguria) and four Provinces of Italy of Italy (Aosta, Turin, Cuneo and Imperia) from two regions (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) and five departments of France (Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Alpes-Maritimes). The Franco-Italian border is mountainous. The points of paved road crossings between the two countries are, from north to south, quoted in this exhaustive list: The border between the two countries dates back to that separating the Kingdom of Sardinia and France during the 19th century. In 1860, the Treaty of Turin links the Savoy and County of Nice to France; the accuracy of the border between the French

neg: Transport in Italy with commuter rail systems: Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with France (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with Switzerland (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one for Innsbruck; the other for Villach, Graz and Vienna). The two metre-gauge track crossings are located at the border town of Tirano (enters Switzerland's Canton Graubünden/Grisons) and Domodossola (enters

neg: History of the violin influence both price and quality. The most famous violin makers, between the early 16th century and the 18th century included: Between the 16th and 19th centuries, several changes occurred, including: The results of these adjustments are instruments that are significantly different in sound and response from those that left the hands of their makers. Regardless, most violins nowadays are built superficially resembling the old instruments. In the 19th and 20th centuries numerous violins were produced in France, Saxony and the Mittenwald in what is now Germany, in the Tyrol, now parts of Austria and Italy, and in Bohemia, now part

neg: Catharism Catharism Catharism (; from the Greek: , "katharoi", "the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic revival movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly what is now northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. The followers were known as Cathars and are now mainly remembered for a prolonged period of persecution by the Catholic Church, which did not recognise their belief as being Christian. Catharism appeared in Europe in the Languedoc region of France in the 11th century and this is when the name first appears. The adherents were sometimes known as

neg: Mountains classification in the Tour de France Mountains classification in the Tour de France The mountains classification is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1933. It is given to the rider that gains the most points for reaching mountain summits first. The leader of the classification is named the King of the Mountains, and since 1975 wears the polka dot jersey (), a white jersey with red polka dots. The first Tour de France crossed no mountain passes, but several lesser cols. The first was the col des Echarmeaux (), on the opening stage from Paris to Lyon, on what is now

neg: France–Italy relations France–Italy relations France–Italy relations refer to the interstate relations as well as the historical links between the French Republic and the Italian Republic (since 1946) and its predecessor the Kingdom of Italy (1861—1946). Both countries were among the Inner six that founded the European Community, the predecessor of the EU. They are also founding members of the G7/G8 and NATO. Since April 9, 1956 Rome and Paris are exclusively and reciprocally twinned with each other, with the popular saying: The two countries share 488 km of border The border is mostly that determined in 1860 in the Treaty of Turin

neg: Abyssinia Crisis Abyssinia Crisis The Abyssinia Crisis was a crisis in 1935 originating in what was called the Walwal incident in the then-ongoing conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia" in Europe). The League of Nations ruled against Italy and voted for economic sanctions, but they were not fully applied. Italy ignored the sanctions, quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and ultimately established control of Ethiopia. The crisis discredited the League and moved Fascist Italy closer to an alliance with Nazi Germany. Both Ethiopia and Italy pursued a policy

neg: France–Italy football rivalry Both sides needed a win to progress to the next round. Italian goals by Andrea Pirlo from the penalty spot in the 25th minute and Daniele De Rossi in the 62nd minute gave Italy a 2–0 win over France, which allowed them to progress to the quarter final, while France was eliminated. France–Italy football rivalry The France–Italy football rivalry is a football rivalry between the national football teams of Italy and France, having achieved six FIFA World Cups between the two countries. Italy has won four FIFA World Cups in 1934, 1938, 1982 and 2006, while France has won two

neg: France–Italy football rivalry France–Italy football rivalry The France–Italy football rivalry is a football rivalry between the national football teams of Italy and France, having achieved six FIFA World Cups between the two countries. Italy has won four FIFA World Cups in 1934, 1938, 1982 and 2006, while France has won two FIFA World Cups in 1998 and 2018. For many years Italy dominated (before 1982: 17 wins, three losses and six draws), while from 1982 the French team had not lost a single game against Italy (with five wins and four draws) until the 2006 World Cup final, which Italy won on penalties.

neg: What Is a Nation? French citizen has to have forgotten the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, or the massacre that took place in the South in the thirteenth century. While many nations, such as France, begin with a feudal regime such as a monarchy, others, such as the United States and Switzerland, are formed by acts of consensual aggregation. France and many others, however, survived their feudal roots while maintaining their identity. Renan inquires what is the organizing principle? It can't be race, because France is "Celt, Iberian, German...The most noble countries, England, France and Italy, are the ones where the blood is most mixed."

neg: Marron glacé Chopin, on a comfortable night Edna Pontellier dines alone, she describes marrons glacé as "just what she wanted". Candied chestnuts are a speciality of Bursa, Turkey, where they are called "kestane șekeri" 'chestnut candy'. Marron glacé A marron glacé (plural "marrons glacés") is a confection, originating in southern France and northern Italy consisting of a chestnut candied in sugar syrup and glazed. Marrons glacés are an ingredient in many desserts and are also eaten on their own. Candied chestnuts appeared in chestnut-growing areas in northern Italy and southern France shortly after the crusaders returned to Europe with sugar. Cooking with

neg: Mont Blanc de Courmayeur "Bosses" ridge. The ascents over the south-east / Peuterey and south / Brouillard ridges are very challenging. The summit of Mont Blanc de Courmayeur is marked as lying entirely within Italy on the Italian Istituto Geografico Militare (IGM) map, while on the French Institut Géographique National (IGN) map the summit lies on the border between France and Italy. A demarcation agreement, signed on 7 March 1861, defines the local border between France and Italy. Currently this act and the attached maps (showing the border on the top of Mont Blanc, 4810 m) are legally valid for both the French and

neg: Chersotis andereggii live in alpine meadows and steppe slopes. Chersotis andereggii Chersotis andereggii is a moth of the Noctuidae family. "Chersotis andereggii" has a wingspan of 29–32 mm. These relatively small moths are generally greyish-brown, with large dark orbicular and claviform markings. Adults are on wing from the end of July to the first half of August. The larvae feed on "Lychnis", "Melilotus" and "Trifolium" species. This species can be found in Europe (Bulgaria, East European Russia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland), in the southern Urals, Turkey, north-western Iran, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kirghizia, the Altai mountains, the Sayan Mountains, Baikal, Kamchatka,

neg: Chambéry founded at a crossroads of ancient routes through the Dauphiné ("Dôfenâ"), Burgundy, Switzerland, and Italy, in a wide valley between the Bauges and the Chartreuse Mountains on the Leysse River. The metropolitan area has more than 125,000 residents, extending from the vineyard slopes of the Combe de Savoie almost to the shores of the Lac du Bourget, the largest natural lake in France. The city is a major railway hub, at the midpoint of the Franco-Italian Turin–Lyon high-speed railway. Chambéry is situated in southeast France, from Paris, from Marseille, from Turin, from Lyon and from Geneva. It is found in

neg: Francesco Guicciardini the virtual master of the Papal States beyond the Apennine Mountains. As he later described himself during this period: "If you had seen messer Francesco in the Romagna...with his house full of tapestries, silver, servants thronged from the entire province where—since everything was completely referred to him—no one, from the Pope down, recognized anyone as his superior...". The political turmoil in Italy was continuously intensifying. As hostilities between King Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, escalated, the Pope remained undecided over which side to back and so sought Guicciardini's advice. Guicciardini advised an alliance with France

neg: Hill people a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. Lower mountains extend to the west (Cantabrian Mountains) into Galicia. The inhabitants of the Pyrenees speak Spanish, French, Catalan (in Catalonia and Andorra) and the Basque language. A few speak the Occitan language (the Gascon and Languedocien dialects in France and the Aranese dialect in the Aran Valley), and Aragonese. In the Cantabrian Mountains Basque, Asturian and the Cantabrian dialect are spoken, apart from Spanish. In fact Cantabrians have traditionally also been referred to as "montañeses" (highlanders or mountain people) It is thought that

neg: France–United Kingdom relations of Israel until very close to the commencement of military operations. Immediately after the Suez crisis Anglo-French relations started to sour again, and only since the last decades of the 20th century have they improved towards the peak they achieved between 1900 and 1940. Shortly after 1956, France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg formed what would become the European Economic Community and later the European Union, but rejected British requests for membership. In particular, President Charles de Gaulle's attempts to exclude the British from European affairs during France's early Fifth Republic are now seen by many in

neg: Albert Sterz Albert Sterz Albert Sterz (known in Italy as Alberto Sterz) ( beheaded November 1366) was a German noble who was a leader of mercenary Free companies, primarily operating in Italy. Born in what is now Germany he moved to France to fight alongside the English during the Hundred Years War. When a truce was agreed between England and France at Brétigny in 1360 he formed, with other demobilised soldiers of fortune such as the Englishman John Hawkwood, a company of mercenaries originally named the Great Company. Later to be known as the White Company it recruited unemployed veteran English, German

neg: Oidaematophorus rogenhoferi Oidaematophorus rogenhoferi Oidaematophorus rogenhoferi is a moth of the Pterophoridae family that is found in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Fennoscandia. It is also known from North America and the South Siberian mountains. The species have a wingspan of , and are brownish grey. The left valve of the male genitalia is wider than the right. Both valves are rounded. Their seccular spine from the left is longer than in "Oidaematophorus lithodactyla". The female has Ostium that is located over the axis of the antrum. The larvae feed on "Erigeron acer", "Erigeron alpinus" and "Erigeron glabratus". In France,

neg: Monti Lepini striking natural feature is the Gardens of Ninfa. There are also numerous grottoes, including some of the most significant in central Italy. The wildlife of the mountains includes peregrine falcons, griffons and Apennine wolves. <br> Monti Lepini The Monti Lepini (Italian: Lepini mountains) are a mountain range which belongs to the Anti-Apennines of the Lazio region of central Italy, between the two provinces of Latina and Rome. The range borders to the north with the Colli Albani, to the south-east with the Amaseno Valley, to the south with the Monti Ausoni and to the west with the Pontinian Plain. The

neg: Lago, Calabria during this time that the low-lying parts of Southern Italy had serious problems with malaria. In the early Middle Ages, Lago was located in what was likely a border region. The nearby towns, bearing names like Longobardi and Tarifa, likely indicate that the border between Lombard domains and Byzantine territory ran through Lago territory. Politically, Lago was a domain of the House of Cybo-Malaspina for much of its feudal history. During the late Renaissance, several churches in Lago were built, some of which are still standing. The church, “Madonna of the Mountains,” built in 1652, is renowned for its architecture

neg: 2006 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11 the general classification after stage 7, has 4 riders in the top 10 which looks promising going into the mountains. However the other major contenders for the victory in this tour seem to be Floyd Landis, Cadel Evans and Denis Menchov. It is unsure what to expect exactly from Vladimir Karpets, Markus Fothen and David Zabriskie but they have possibilities left too. Paolo Savoldelli and George Hincapie are not out of it yet also, being behind respectively 2'10" and 2'30", with a few other possible contenders between them in the standings as there are Carlos Sastre, Eddy Mazzoleni and French

neg: Variscan orogeny and European orogeny related to the Gondwana-Laurasia collision. The North American and European Variscan Belt includes the mountains of Portugal and Spain (Galicia, and Pyrenees), southwestern Ireland (i.e. Munster), Cornwall, Devon, Pembrokeshire, the Gower Peninsula and the Vale of Glamorgan. Its effects are present in France from Brittany, below the Paris Basin to the Ardennes, the Massif Central, the Vosges and Corsica. The Variscan Belt reappears in Sardinia in Italy and in Germany where the Rhine Massif (Ardennes, Eifel, Hunsrück, Taunus and other regions on both sides of Middle Rhine Valley), the Black Forest and Harz Mountains remain as testimony.

neg: Romance languages point to the southeast that these innovations reached, corresponding to the northern chain of the Apennine Mountains, which cuts straight across northern Italy and forms a major geographic barrier to further language spread. This would explain why some of the "northwest" features (almost all of which can be characterized as innovations) end at differing points in northern Italy, and why some of the languages in geographically remote parts of Spain (in the south, and high in the Pyrenees) are lacking some of these features. It also explains why the languages in France (especially standard French) seem to have innovated earlier

neg: Canzo It is known in Lombardy for its mountains, particularly the Corni di Canzo (Canzo's Horns) and the Cornizzolo. The surroundings are rich in watercourses and springs. Lago del Segrino is a glacial lake fed by underground springs. Canzo hosts "BIOFERA," one of the main organic farming events in Italy. According to a statistic of the major financial newspaper of Italy, Canzo is a leader place of hobbies and security and the 1st borough for social vitality in the Italian mountains. The first settlements were between Cornizzolo, Mount Raj and Segrino lake. This site remained inhabited until the 1950s, under the

neg: Eucladoceros confused and up to twelve poorly defined species are reported. The majority of those species names are synonymous, and at present only two or three good species are recognized: "E. dicranios" from England, Italy and Azov Sea Area in South Russia; "E. ctenoides" from Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Holland, and England; and "E. teguliensis" (a senior synonym of "E. senezensis") from France, Holland, and Britain. The latter species is regarded by some authors as a subspecies of "E. ctenoides", since there are some finds (for instance, from Ceyssaguet, France) that show a transitional character between "E. ctenoides" and "E. teguliensis".

neg: Alnus cordata Alnus cordata Alnus cordata (Italian alder) is a tree or shrub species belonging to the family of Betulaceae and native to southern Apennine Mountains (Campania, Basilicata and Calabria, mainly on western mountain sides) and north-eastern mountains of Corsica. It has been introduced in Sicily and Sardinia and more recently in Central-North Italy, other European countries (France, Belgium, Spain, Azores, United Kingdom) and extra-European countries (Chile, New Zealand), where it has become naturalised. It is a medium-sized tree growing up to 25 m tall (exceptionally to 28 m), with a trunk up to 70–100 cm diameter. The leaves are deciduous but

neg: France–Italy border France–Italy border The France–Italy border is the international boundary between France and Italy. The Franco-Italian border is 515 km long, southeast of France and northwest Italy. It begins at the west tripoint France–Italy–Switzerland () at the top of Mont Dolent ( m), in the French commune of Chamonix (department of Haute-Savoie), the Italian city of Courmayeur, (Aosta Valley) and the Swiss commune of Orsières (canton of Valais). The boundary then follows a general direction towards south, to the Mediterranean, it reaches the sea at Menton in France and Ventimiglia in Italy. The border separates three regions (Aosta Valley, Piedmont and

neg: Mont Blanc massif vast catchments of the rivers Rhône and Po, as well as a tripoint between France, Italy and Switzerland, it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps. The mountains of the massif consist mostly of granite and gneiss rocks, and at high altitudes the vegetation is an arctic-alpine flora. The valleys that delimit the massif were used as communication routes by the Romans until they left around the 5th century AD. The region has remained of some military importance through to the mid-20th century. A peasant farming economy operated

neg: Erebia alberganus Erebia alberganus Erebia alberganus, the almond ringlet or almond-eyed ringlet, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. This species can be found in the alpine regions of France, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria, in the mountains of central Italy and in some mountains of the northern Balkans. These butterflies live in flowery meadows, clearings, grassy places, amongst scrub or woodland, at an elevation of above sea level. "Erebia alberganus" has a wingspan of 40 mm. These small butterflies have dark brown wings, with a series of distinctive postdiscal oval or almond shaped (hence the common name) orange markings containing small black

neg: Berber Jews Berber populations, but more similar to Ashkenazi Jewish populations. Berber Jews Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Atlas mountains in Morocco, and previously in Algeria, which historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel. Jews have settled in North Africa since 6th century BC and a Jewish community existed in the Roman province of Africa, which is modern Tunisia. Ifriqia was the name chosen for what we know today as Tunisia. The acceptance by the Berbers of Judaism as a religion, and its embrace by a number of tribes,

neg: Berber Jews Berber Jews Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Atlas mountains in Morocco, and previously in Algeria, which historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel. Jews have settled in North Africa since 6th century BC and a Jewish community existed in the Roman province of Africa, which is modern Tunisia. Ifriqia was the name chosen for what we know today as Tunisia. The acceptance by the Berbers of Judaism as a religion, and its embrace by a number of tribes, may have occurred over time. French historian, Eugène Albertini

neg: Fault block valley systems, such as the East African Rift zone. Death Valley in California is a smaller example. There are two types of block mountains; lifted and sloped. Lifted type block mountains have two steep sides exposing both sides scarps, leading to the horst and graben terrain seen in northern Europe, including the Upper Rhine valley, a graben between two horsts, the Vosges mountains (in France) and Black Forest (in Germany). Another graben is the basin of the Narmada River in India, between the Vindhya and Satpura horsts. Tilted type block mountains have one gently sloping side and one steep side

neg: France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement The treaty came into force on 15 May 1989 after both countries had ratified it. The full name of the treaty is "Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of the Italian Republic on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundaries in the Area of the Strait of Bonifacio". France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement The France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement is a 1986 treaty between France and Italy which delimits the maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Bonifacio. The Strait of Bonifacio separates the French island of Corsica from the Italian island of Sardinia. The

neg: France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement The France–Italy Maritime Boundary Agreement is a 1986 treaty between France and Italy which delimits the maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Bonifacio. The Strait of Bonifacio separates the French island of Corsica from the Italian island of Sardinia. The treaty was signed in Paris on 28 November 1986. The boundary set out by the text of the treaty is a relatively short 40 nautical miles long and consists of five straight-line maritime segments defined by six individual coordinate points. The agreed-to boundary is an approximate equidistant line between the two islands.

neg: Abyssinia Crisis the Italians had captured his capital, Emperor Haile Selassie entered Addis Ababa. There were also major impacts on the League of Nations: Abyssinia Crisis The Abyssinia Crisis was a crisis in 1935 originating in what was called the Walwal incident in the then-ongoing conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia" in Europe). The League of Nations ruled against Italy and voted for economic sanctions, but they were not fully applied. Italy ignored the sanctions, quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and ultimately established control of Ethiopia. The

neg: Axis powers pro-Versailles powers or that of the anti-Versailles revanchists. Grandi responded that Italy would be willing to offer France support against Germany if France gave Italy its mandate over Cameroon and allowed Italy a free hand in Ethiopia. France refused Italy's proposed exchange for support, as it believed Italy's demands were unacceptable and the threat from Germany was not yet immediate. On 23 October 1932, Mussolini declared support for a Four Power Directorate that included Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, to bring about an orderly treaty revision outside of what he considered the outmoded League of Nations. The proposed Directorate was

neg: Laurent Chappis traditional Savoie styles and the Tyrolean chalet style of architecture. Laurent Chappis worked on studies in many countries including France, Italy, Argentina, Morocco, Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, his most notable works are: Laurent Chappis Laurent Chappis (8 May 1915 – 28 December 2013) was an architect and town planner, born in Aix-les-Bains, France. He created the French ski resort of Courchevel located in the Trois Vallées and in doing so practically wrote the rule book on how to design a ski resort. Chappis was a keen ski tourer exploring the mountains around Grenoble in the 1930s before joining the army

neg: Puncha ratzeburgi the females. They are predatory, both as adults and larvae. Puncha ratzeburgi Puncha ratzeburgi is a species of snakeflies in the monotypic genus "Puncha" belonging to the family Raphidiidae. This species is widely distributed in Central and Eastern Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland). Isolated populations have been found from southern France, the Apennine and Balkan Peninsula. These insects inhabit mountains at an elevation up to above sea level. "Puncha ratzeburgi" can reach a body length of about . These snakeflies have long prothorax, hyaline wings with characteristic veination, a distinct pterostigma

neg: Allegheny Mountains on the river and were defeated by the Lenape. "Allegheny" is the early French spelling (as in Allegheny River, which was once part of New France), and "Allegany" is closer to the early English spelling (as in Allegany County, Maryland, Allegany County, New York, or Alleghany County, Virginia). The word "Allegheny" was once commonly used to refer to the whole of what are now called the Appalachian Mountains. John Norton used it (spelled variously) around 1810 to refer to the mountains in Tennessee and Georgia. Around the same time, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either "Appalachia" or "Alleghania".

neg: Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918) Albania and had for that reason opposed any participation of the Serbian Army in the liberation of Albania. Italy and Serbia also clashed in what became known as the Adriatic Question. In Montenegro a civil war broke out between supporters of independence supported by Italy ("Greens") and supporters of a union with Serbia ("Whites"). Serbia and Romania disputed each other's influence in the Banat region, which even led France to interpose some of its troops between the Serbian and Romanian Armies until the border was fixed on 10 September 1919 in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Liberation of Serbia, Albania and

neg: France–Italy border still to be solved concerning the demarcation of the border at the top of Mont Blanc. France–Italy border The France–Italy border is the international boundary between France and Italy. The Franco-Italian border is 515 km long, southeast of France and northwest Italy. It begins at the west tripoint France–Italy–Switzerland () at the top of Mont Dolent ( m), in the French commune of Chamonix (department of Haute-Savoie), the Italian city of Courmayeur, (Aosta Valley) and the Swiss commune of Orsières (canton of Valais). The boundary then follows a general direction towards south, to the Mediterranean, it reaches the sea at

neg: Calabria the Strait of Messina, where the narrowest point between Capo Peloro in Sicily and Punta Pezzo in Calabria is only . Three mountain ranges are present: Pollino, La Sila and Aspromonte. All three mountain ranges are unique with their own flora and fauna. The Pollino Mountains in the north of the region are rugged and form a natural barrier separating Calabria from the rest of Italy. Parts of the area are heavily wooded, while others are vast, wind-swept plateaus with little vegetation. These mountains are home to a rare Bosnian Pine variety and are included in the Pollino National Park.

neg: Lake Iseo Lake Iseo Lake Iseo ( ; ) or Sebino is the fourth largest lake in Lombardy, Italy, fed by the Oglio river. It is in the north of the country in the Val Camonica area, near the cities of Brescia and Bergamo. The lake is almost equally divided between the Provinces of Bergamo and Brescia. Northern Italy is renowned for its heavily industrialised towns and in between there are several stunning lakes. Lake Iseo remains one of outstanding natural beauty, with its lush green mountains surrounding the crystal clear lake. There are several medieval towns around the lake, the largest

neg: Mont d'Or (Jura Mountains) also includes a ski area within France. Several ski lifts are located on both west and east sides of the mountain. Mont d'Or (Jura Mountains) Mont d'Or (French: "Le Mont d'Or") is a mountain of the Jura, located in the French department of Doubs and extending into the Swiss canton of Vaud. Its main summit is 1,463 metre-high and lies within France, 500 metres north of the border with Switzerland (1,380 m). The mountain is located between Jougne (France) and Vallorbe (Switzerland). Mont d'Or is notable for its limestone cirque on the east side. Near the highest point of the

neg: Aurunci Mountains Aurunci Mountains The Monti Aurunci or Aurunci Mountains is a mountain range of southern Lazio, in central Italy. It is part of the Antiappennini, a group running from the Apennines chain to the Tyrrhenian Sea, where it forms the promontory of Gaeta. It is bounded to the north-west by the Ausoni Mountains, to the north by the Liri river, to the east by the Ausente, to the south-east by the Garigliano and to the south by the Tyrrhenian sea. The line between the Aurunci and the Ausoni has not been clearly established but the Aurunci are considered by convention to

neg: History of Chianti crop. Many landowners in the Chianti region would turn their half of the grape harvest into wine that would be sold to merchants in Florence. The earliest reference of Florentine wine retailers dates to 1079 with a guild for wine merchants being created in 1282. Unlike France or Spain, Italy did not have a robust export market for its wines during the Middle Ages. Its closest trading partners, France and Austria, were separated from Italy by the massive Alps Mountains and also had ample supply of their own local wines. The English had little interest in Italian wines at this

neg: Alburni the mountains are the Calore Lucano, Tanagro, Fasanella and Ripiti. The karstic nature of the mountains favoured the formation of several caves, more than 400. The most famous are the show caves of Castelcivita and Pertosa. On the road pass between Sant'Angelo a Fasanella and Petina there are located the "Antece", an ancient rock sculpture (5th/6th century BC), and the observatory of "Casone d'Aresta". Alburni The Alburni are an Italian mountain range of the Province of Salerno, Campania, part of the Apennines. Due to their geomorphology, they are popularly known as the ""Dolomites of Campania"" or of Southern Italy. The

neg: European wildcat and settlements. The northernmost population lives in northern and eastern Scotland. There are two disconnected populations in France. The one in the Ardennes in the country's north-east extends to Luxembourg, Germany and Belgium. The other in southern France may be connected via the Pyrenees to populations in Spain and Portugal. In Germany, the Rhine is a major barrier between the population in Eifel and Hunsrück mountains west of the river and populations east of the river, where a six-lane highway hampers dispersal. The population in the Polish Carpathian Mountains extends to northern Slovakia and western Ukraine. In Switzerland, wildcats are

neg: 1948 Tour de France 1948 Tour de France The 1948 Tour de France was the 35th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 25 July. It consisted of 21 stages over . The race was won by Italian cyclist Gino Bartali, who had also won the Tour de France in 1938. Bartali had almost given up during the race, but drew inspiration from a phone call from the Italian prime minister, who asked him to win the Tour de France to prevent civil unrest in Italy after assassination attempt against Togliatti. Bartali also won the mountains classification, while the

neg: Old European hydronymy Old European hydronymy Old European () is the term used by Hans Krahe (1964) for the language of the oldest reconstructed stratum of European hydronymy (river names) in Central and Western Europe. Krahe writes in A1, chapter III, "Introducing preface" Number 2 that the old European hydronomy extended from Scandinavia to South Italy, from Western Europe including the British Isles to the Baltic countries. Of the three Mediterranean peninsulas, Italy was most completely included, whilst the Balkan Peninsula was only scarcely covered. He writes that what he presents for hydronomy also applies to mountains and ranges of mountains, and continues

neg: Niccolò Rinaldi and Democrats for Europe) and IDV Head of Delegation in the European Parliament. He is a great promoter of voluntary work, which he has been doing for a long time, especially to help disabled people. He has a passion for mountains. On the peak of Monte Bianco he shot a video on the territorial conflict between Italy and France. and he is a member of the Tuscan sky rescue service and of Italian Alpine Club. He is also co-founder and member of the board of the fair trade cooperative Equoland. Niccolò Rinaldi is also a member of the Italian Journalists

neg: Racovița, Sibiu Romanian Literature and the Culture of Romanian People. During World War I soldiers from Racovița were involved from 1916 to 1918 and received distinctions for fighting against "Russian Poland", Galicia, Albania, Italy, Serbia and even France. Racovița Commune, is situated at the base of Suru Peak () on the contact between the foothills of the Făgăraș Mountains and the low terrace of the floodplain, on the left bank of the Olt River, at an altitude of 385 meters. The commune is borders to the north and northeast with the town Avrig, border which extends from the confluence of the Mârșa

neg: Montferrat The southern part (the Alto Monferrato, "High Montferrat") rises from the banks of the Tanaro into the mountains of the Apennines and the water divide between Piedmont and Liguria. On 22 June 2014, Montferrat was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Originally a county, it was elevated to a margravate of the Holy Roman Empire under Count Aleramo in 961, following the transition of power in Northern Italy from Berengar of Ivrea to Otto I of Germany. Its "marchesi" (marquesses) and their family members were related to the Kings of France and the Holy Roman Emperors. Members of the family

neg: Izieu Izieu Izieu is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. It lies on the Rhône River between the cities of Lyon and Chambéry. Izieu was the site of a Jewish orphanage during the Second World War. However, most of the children were only separated from their parents or sent purposely in the Savoy mountains which was then under Italian rule. Italy was less oppressive in that time. On 6 April 1944, three vehicles pulled up in front of the orphanage. The Gestapo, under the direction of the 'Butcher of Lyon' Klaus Barbie, entered the orphanage and forcibly removed

neg: Pointe Helbronner the starting point of various routes to other mountains on the Mont Blanc massif, with many mountaineers staying at the nearby Refuge Torino. Pointe Helbronner Pointe Helbronner () is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the Graian Alps on the watershed between France and Italy. The peak, which used to be a mere geodetic reference point, was named after Paul Helbronner, a French "polytechnicien", alpinist and geodesist who pioneered cartography of the French Alps. Pointe Helbronner is served on the Italian side by the Skyway Monte Bianco (Funivie Monte Bianco), a cable car from La Palud, a village

neg: Vittorio Dabormida led him to analyze the possibility of a conflict between France and Italy. Dabormida urged the usage of Alps as a strong defensive line capable of restoring balance of force in a fight with the more numerous French, against the common opinion based on Napoleonic experience that deemed the mountains as a mere delaying obstacle. The same year he published, on the same matter, a study: "Ordinamento militare delle popolazioni alpine" (trans. "Military organization of Alpine people") and, in August 1879, he was back to the School of War as full professor. While maintaining his teaching activity, in May 1880

neg: United States v. Westinghouse Electric Co. hand. Forman insists that a :failure" is not an affirmative act, the implication being that the antitrust laws proscribe only affirmative or positive actions, not inactions or failures to act. Forman then objects to what he perceives as a governmental approach to the antitrust legality of international licensing base exclusively on the economic effect in the United States. He posits a hypothetical case in which A has patents in the United States, France, and Italy, and wants to license B in France and Italy, but not in the United States. Hypothetically, the French and Italian governments are anxious to have

neg: Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico born about 1734 in Morsiglia, Corsica. He immigrated to what is now Aguadilla in the 1760s. He married Josefa Martínez. Two known children of his are Francisco and Juan María Fantauzzi. He died November 5, 1798. It is his death certificate that confirms his Corsican origin. Corsica is an island located west of Italy and southeast of France. Corsica belonged to the Republic of Genoa (before Genoa became part of Italy) and in 1768 was ceded to France to pay off debt. The island relied largely on its agricultural economy for survival. Certain changes occurred in Europe during the end

neg: Carnic Alps the Tagliamento, forming the border between Austria and Italy. In the Carnic Alps is the southernmost glacier in Austria, the Eiskar, nestling in the Kellerwand massif. Among the most important mountains of the range are: The chief passes of the Carnic Alps are: Carnic Alps The Carnic Alps (; ; ; ) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Italian Friuli (Province of Udine) and marginally in Veneto of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. They are named after the Roman province of Carnia, which probably has

neg: Villgraten Mountains Mountains are bounded in the north by the Defereggen valley, in the east by the Iseltal, in the southeast by the Lienzer Talboden, in the south by the Puster valley and in the west by the Antholz Valley. Their boundary with Rieserferner Group is formed by the Staller Saddle. Of note is the Gsieser Törl within the Villgraten Mountains which acts as the transition from the South Tyrolean Gsies valley ("Gsieser Tal") to the East Tyrolean Defereggen valley ("Defereggental"), which after the First World War until the 1970s was used as a smuggler's route between Austria and Italy. The Villgraten

neg: Senegal at the 1992 Winter Olympics that he had a hard time explaining the sport to his fellow countrymen, saying "I have to tell the people what snow is, what skis are, I have to tell them what big mountains are. They don't have any reference on these things." Joining Guèye at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, and becoming the second Senegalese athlete to compete at a Winter Games, was ski instructor Alphonse Gomis, who resides in Tignes, near Albertville. As at the 1984 Winter Games, Guèye was Senegal's flagbearer during the Parade of Nations in the opening ceremony. No support staff were sent

neg: January 2017 Central Italy earthquakes Geophysics and Volcanology of Italy. The same scientists compared it with the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, where three different quakes happened in 80 seconds. As the process of faulting along the chain of the Apennine Mountains is a relatively recent one in geological terms, starting 500,000 years ago, the faults are more irregular, so more shaking occurs due to foreshocks according to seismologist Ross Stein from Stanford University. January 2017 Central Italy earthquakes A series of four major earthquakes struck Central Italy between Abruzzo, Lazio, the Marche and Umbria regions on 18 January 2017. A magnitude 5.3 earthquake struck 25 km

neg: Richelieu River military tours and was the scene of several battles between the end of the 17th and early 19th centuries, first between the French and the Iroquois, then between the French and the English, during the regime of the New France and finally between the English and the Americans after 1760. The Richelieu River has a drainage basin of – including those of Lake Champlain and Missisquoi Bay (). Of this, are in the United States, originating in the western slopes of the Green Mountains and the eastern slopes of the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. The Champlain Valley makes

neg: Mountains classification in the Tour de France Polka Dot Jersey, during the 1975 Tour de France, was Joop Zoetemelk, and while he never won the King of the Mountains competition in the Tour De France he is considered to be one of the greatest climbers in Tour de France history. Zoetemelk did win the mountains classification in the 1971 Vuelta a Espana, as well as the general classification in the 1979 Vuelta a Espana and the 1980 Tour de France. At the top of many climbs in the Tour, there are points for the riders who are first over the top. The climbs are divided into categories

neg: Andorra–Spain border Spanish side. Andorra–Spain border The border between Andorra and Spain is in the Pyrenees between northern Spain and southern Andorra. The Spanish-Andorran border runs 64 km between the south of Andorra and northern Spain (by the autonomous community of Catalonia) in the Pyrenees Mountains. Because both Spain and Andorra are situated in the same watershed, travel is easier than travel between Andorra and France. The most used languages of Andorra are also Catalan and Spanish. The border begins in the west at the Andorra-France-Spain tripoint (42 ° 36 '13 "N 1 ° 26' 30" W). It then follows a generally

neg: Andorra–Spain border Andorra–Spain border The border between Andorra and Spain is in the Pyrenees between northern Spain and southern Andorra. The Spanish-Andorran border runs 64 km between the south of Andorra and northern Spain (by the autonomous community of Catalonia) in the Pyrenees Mountains. Because both Spain and Andorra are situated in the same watershed, travel is easier than travel between Andorra and France. The most used languages of Andorra are also Catalan and Spanish. The border begins in the west at the Andorra-France-Spain tripoint (42 ° 36 '13 "N 1 ° 26' 30" W). It then follows a generally south-eastern direction,

neg: MSC Preziosa highly efficient evaporators are completely pollution free using a system of free heat recovery as the power source. The pre-inaugural voyage started from St. Nazaire and ended in Genoa. She called in Lisbon (Portugal), Cadiz (Spain), Casablanca (Morocco), Valencia (Spain), and Marseille (France), before arriving in the port of Genoa (Italy) on Friday March 22. Between March and October, "MSC Preziosa" was scheduled to operate on Mediterranean cruises from Genoa. Between winter 2013 and spring 2014, "MSC Preziosa" was operating on South America cruises from Santos. In the summer of 2015, "MSC Preziosa" is calling Marseille (France), Genoa (Italy), Civitavecchia

neg: Durance Greek as and in Latin as (1st century), (854, 1271) and (1127). The traditional forms are probably derivatives of "*Dūrantia", based on the Celtic "dour" (water) and suffix "ant" (stream). The Latin form ("hard") changed into the proto-Occitan "dur". Similar names are found in the names of many rivers in the Western Alps: Dora in Italy, Dranse in Haute-Savoie, and the Drôme in south-eastern France. All these rivers have their sources in mountains, and are fast-running. The Durance retains its name rather than either the Clarée or Guisane, even though the latter two are longer than the Durance when they