query: who lead the roundheads in the english civil war

pos: Roundhead was high enough to allow republican leaders such as Oliver Cromwell to abolish the monarchy completely and establish the Commonwealth of England. The Roundhead commander-in-chief of the first Civil War, Thomas Fairfax, remained a supporter of constitutional monarchy, as did many other Roundhead leaders such as Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester and Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex; however, this party was outmanoeuvred by the more politically-adept Cromwell and his radicals, who had the backing of the New Model Army and took advantage of Charles' perceived betrayal of England by allying with the Scottish against Parliament. England's many Puritans

pos: Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, KB, PC (; 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the 17th century. With the start of the English Civil War in 1642 he became the first Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Parliamentarian army, also known as the Roundheads. However, he was unable and unwilling to score a decisive blow against the Royalist army of King Charles I. He was eventually overshadowed by the ascendancy of Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax and resigned his commission in

neg: Roundhead Roundhead Roundheads were supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1641–1652). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the 'divine right of kings'. The goal of the Roundhead party was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration of the country/kingdom. Most Roundheads sought constitutional monarchy in place of the absolutist monarchy sought by Charles. However, at the end of the English Civil War in 1649, public antipathy towards the king

neg: First English Civil War First English Civil War (1642–1646), the Second English Civil War (1648–1649), and the Third English Civil War (1649–1651). For the most part, accounts summarise the two sides that fought the English Civil Wars as the Royalist Cavaliers of Charles I of England versus the Parliamentarian Roundheads. However, as with many civil wars, loyalties shifted for various reasons, and both sides changed significantly during the conflicts. During this time, the Irish Confederate Wars (another civil war) continued in Ireland, starting with the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and ending with the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Its incidents had little or no direct

neg: William Byam (colonialist) William Byam (colonialist) William Byam (died 1672) was an English colonialist, politician, and agriculturalist who lived during the periods of the English civil war, Interregnum, and Restoration. He was active in English and Barbadian politics, and played a critical role in establishing and governing the short-lived English colony of Willoughbyland in what is now Suriname. William Byam was born in the 1620s to a Somerset family. Fighting on the side of the Royalists in the English Civil War, he was captured following the fall of Bridgwater to the Roundheads in 1645. Following this defeat he relocated to the Caribbean, like

neg: Cavaliers and Roundheads The basic troop types are pikemen, heavy infantry, musketeers, cavalry, and lobsters. Six-sided dice are used exclusively, and melee is resolved like in "Chainmail", a ruleset Gygax and Perren also collaborated on. The booklet is 36 pages long, with illustrations by Greg Bell. Cavaliers and Roundheads Cavaliers and Roundheads is a set of rules for English Civil War miniature wargaming. It was written by Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren and published by Tactical Studies Rules (later TSR, Inc.) in 1973. The unassuming booklet was the first product released by the company better known for "Dungeons and Dragons". "Cavaliers and Roundheads"

neg: Cavaliers and Roundheads Cavaliers and Roundheads Cavaliers and Roundheads is a set of rules for English Civil War miniature wargaming. It was written by Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren and published by Tactical Studies Rules (later TSR, Inc.) in 1973. The unassuming booklet was the first product released by the company better known for "Dungeons and Dragons". "Cavaliers and Roundheads" (1973), a miniatures game designed by Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren, was the first game published by Tactical Studies Rules. TSR partners Gygax and Don Kaye had originally planned to use the revenue generated by this game to finance the publication of "D&D".

neg: Brother Jonathan dates at least to the 17th century, when it was applied to Puritan roundheads during the English Civil War. It came to include residents of colonial New England, who were mostly Puritans in support of the Parliamentarians during the war. It probably is derived from the Biblical words spoken by David after the death of his friend Jonathan, "I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan" (2 Samuel 1:26) . As Kenneth Hopper and William Hopper put it, "Used as a term of abuse for their ... Puritan opponents by Royalists during the English Civil War, it was applied by

neg: Roundhead "Cavalier" was replaced with "Tory", an Irish term introduced by their opponents, and also initially a pejorative term. Attribution Roundhead Roundheads were supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1641–1652). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the 'divine right of kings'. The goal of the Roundhead party was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration of the country/kingdom. Most Roundheads sought constitutional monarchy in place of the absolutist monarchy

neg: Charles I's journey from Oxford to the Scottish army camp near Newark (or Montereul) as French resident in Scotland. He was to act as a go-between and in doing so he was able to inform Cardinal Mazarin of the political machinations of the various parties in the civil war. Montereul arrived in London in August 1645. Once there he opened a dialogue with English Presbyterians such as the Earl of Holland who were sympathetic to the Scots who too were Presbyterians and formally allied with the Roundheads thorough the Solemn League and Covenant, but which was disliked by non-Presbyterian Roundheads such as Oliver Cromwell and other religious Independents. There were Scottish commissioners

neg: Charles I's journey from Oxford to the Scottish army camp near Newark put under close guard in Kelham House. Towards the end the First English Civil War, Charles I had continued to contact the parties that were opposed to him, hoping to split them apart and gain politically what he was losing militarily. When it looked likely that the Royalists (Cavaliers) would lose the English Civil War, the Scots, who were then allied with the English Parliamentarians (Roundheads), looked to Cardinal Mazarin, by then the chief minister of France, for help in securing Charles I's position as king, but on terms acceptable to the Scots. In response, Mazarin appointed Jean de Montreuil

neg: English Civil War English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I

neg: Cornwall in the English Civil War Stratton. The Roundheads proceeded into Cornwall reaching Launceston on 25 February 1646 and Bodmin on 2 March. Hopton's army was in disarray but he refused to surrender. News at Bodmin of an imminent Irish invasion further damaged the Royalist cause locally and Fairfax offered Hopton terms. The surrender took place at Tresillian Bridge, near Truro, on 15 March 1646. The Gear Rout was a Cornish insurrection of 1648 following the end of the First English Civil War. The killing of 70 Cornish Royalists in Penzance on 16 May 1648 prompted a failed rebellion by some 500 Cornish rebels who fought

neg: English Civil War Society authentic pikes and muskets. The English Civil War Society consists of many smaller subdivisions, each run semi-autonomously, and which are known to their members as "regiments". Each of these regiments falls under one or other of the two armies of the English Civil War Society, the Roundhead Association and the King's Army. The Roundhead Association army represents the army of Parliament – the "roundheads" – whilst the Kings Army represents that of the King – the "cavaliers" or "royalists". The King's Army currently has eight regiments under its control and the Roundhead Association has thirteen. There are regiments of "foote",

neg: Tarvin in the English Civil War Tarvin in the English Civil War During the first English Civil War, Tarvin, a village in Cheshire England was garrisoned by both sides and was attacked by both sides, because its proximity to Chester which was a major Royalist (Cavalier) port city, made it strategically important. Tarvin changed hands several times; initially it was garrisoned by Parliament and troops of both sides at different times were quartered in and around the village, which was not fortified. In September 1644 the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) fortified the village and garrisoned the place with sufficient troops to withstand a large attack and it remained

neg: Ashover English Civil War in the 17th century. The Roundheads, short of ammunition, demolished the windows of the church and used the lead to make bullets. They also reduced nearby Eastwood Hall to ruins; all that can be seen today are the ivy-clad remains. Royalists slaughtered livestock and drank all the wine and ale in the cellars of Eddlestow Hall while the owner Sir John Pershall was away. Job Wall, the landlord of the Crispin Inn public house, refused entry to the army, telling them they had had too much to drink. But they threw him out and drank the ale,

neg: Long hair to wear long hair as well as long beards, which was especially expected from clergy and monks. In England, during the English Civil Wars of 1642 to 1651, male hair length was emblematic of the disputes between Cavaliers and Roundheads (Puritans). Cavaliers wore longer hair, and were less religious-minded, thought of by the Roundheads as lecherous. The more devout Roundheads typically had somewhat shorter hair Around this time, long hair in England also came to be associated with adventurers who traveled to America and were familiar with the native culture there, short hair with less adventurous types. Growing and wearing

neg: Pembrokeshire civil parishes. During the First English Civil War (1642–1646) the county gave strong support to the Roundheads (Parliamentarians), in contrast to the rest of Wales, which was staunchly Royalist. In spite of this an incident in Pembrokeshire triggered the opening shots of the Second English Civil War when local units of the New Model Army mutinied. Oliver Cromwell defeated the uprising at the Siege of Pembroke in July 1648. On 13 August 1649, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland began when New Model Army forces sailed from Milford Haven. In 1720, Emmanuel Bowen described Pembrokeshire as having five market towns, 45

neg: William Rainsborough held the seat until his death in 1642. Rainsborough died in 1642 and was buried at St Katharine's by the Tower on 16 February 1642. Rainsborough married Judith Horton, daughter of Renold and Joane Horton. Their sons Thomas Rainsborough and William Rainsborowe, two influential figures in the English Civil War, fought for the Roundheads. William Rainsborough Captain William Rainsborough (11 June 1587 – 16 Feb 1642) was an English Captain and Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy, English ambassador to Morocco and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1642. On the orders of Charles I of

neg: Forever Amber (film) was modeled on the extensive process that led to the casting of Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara. The film's score, by composer David Raksin, was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score. The film begins in 1644 during the English Civil War, as we see a group of Roundheads pursuing a Cavalier's carriage. The carriage drives into the country where its passengers abandon a baby, named Amber, on the doorstep of a farming cottage. The roundheads soon catch up with the carriage and kill all the passengers while the farmers discover and decide to adopt Amber. The film

neg: Dunstable was one of twelve sites to erect an Eleanor cross recognising Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I, whose coffin was laid close to the crossroads for the local people to mourn the dead Queen. The coffin was then guarded inside the priory by the canons overnight before continuing on to St. Albans. The original wooden cross has long since perished but a modern memorial remains. Bedfordshire was one of the counties that largely supported the Roundheads during the English Civil War. Nearby St Albans in Hertfordshire was the headquarters of the Roundheads, and troops were occasionally stationed at Dunstable.

neg: Dundrum, County Down 1st Viscount Grane in 1538. The castle was surrendered to the English Crown in 1601 by Phelim Magennis, granted to Edward Lord Cromwell and sold to the Blundell family. The Magennises re-took the castle during the Irish Confederate Wars/Eleven Years' War (1641-1653) but lost it to the Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") of the contenders versus the Cavaliers of King Charles I in the simultaneous English Civil War. The Blundells returned after the civil war during the Restoration of the Monarchy and built the house on the south edge of the castle. In the 17th century, Ulster's ports began to rise in prominence.

neg: Hudibras Hudibras Hudibras () is an English mock-heroic narrative poem from the 17th century written by Samuel Butler. The work is a satirical polemic upon Roundheads, Puritans, Presbyterians and many of the other factions involved in the English Civil War. The work was begun, according to the title page, during the civil war and published in three parts in 1663, 1664 and 1678, with the first edition encompassing all three parts in 1684. The "Mercurius Aulicus" (an early newspaper of the time) reported an unauthorised edition of the first part was already in print in early 1662. Published only four years

neg: Hudibras entendre, to prevent conception: One couplet was widely quoted through the end of the nineteenth century as an illustration of the fact that some people just want action and excitement, never mind what: Hudibras Hudibras () is an English mock-heroic narrative poem from the 17th century written by Samuel Butler. The work is a satirical polemic upon Roundheads, Puritans, Presbyterians and many of the other factions involved in the English Civil War. The work was begun, according to the title page, during the civil war and published in three parts in 1663, 1664 and 1678, with the first edition encompassing

neg: Siege of High Ercall Hall Siege of High Ercall Hall The siege of High Ercall Hall in High Ercall, Shropshire, England took place during the English Civil War. There were a total of three sieges, In each the Hall was held by Royalists (Cavaliers) and besieged by Parliamentarians (Roundheads). The final and longest siege took place from July 1645 to March 1646, when the Cavalier commander surrendered the hall to the Roundheads. High Ercall Hall, in the village of High Ercall, was a fortified 13th-century manor built by the Arkle family. In the seventeenth century the estate was owned by the Newport family and a

neg: Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex actor Charles Gray in the 1970 film "Cromwell", inaccurately depicted sitting in the House of Commons in Cromwell's presence, whereas in fact Essex was already a member of the Lords before the Civil War. Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, KB, PC (; 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the 17th century. With the start of the English Civil War in 1642 he became the first Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Parliamentarian army, also known as the Roundheads. However, he was

neg: Early modern Britain was no king. The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The "Diggers" were a group begun by Gerrard

neg: The Awakening (Doctor Who) War and destroyed each other. As the story begins, a group of Roundheads are riding horses in the village of Little Hodcombe, with little regard to the villagers around them. Only it is not 1643, it is 1984. A schoolteacher, Jane Hampden, is convinced that her fellow villagers, led by the town’s leader, Sir George Hutchinson, have taken their re-enactment of a series of war games too far. Hutchinson attempts to assure her that the games are a harmless event, which are merely to celebrate the English Civil War. When Hampden asks him to stop the games, Hutchinson ignores her.

neg: Southcote, Berkshire a lease document dated from 1596 suggests that the manor was divided between three Blagrave brothers. Daniel Blagrave, a cousin of John, inherited the manor on the latter's death in 1611. At the time of the English Civil War, during the Siege of Reading in 1643, the Blagraves allowed Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex to use the manor as his headquarters. The Blagrave family, who were sympathetic to the Roundheads, are said to have hosted Oliver Cromwell, John Hampden and Robert Blake for a council of war in one of the house's oak panelled rooms. In January 1649, Daniel

neg: Edmund Hickeringill Edmund Hickeringill Edmund Hickeringill (1631–1708) was an English churchman who lived during the period of the Commonwealth and the Restoration. Hickeringill was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge in 1647, graduated BA in 1650/1 and was junior fellow at Caius College, Cambridge in 1651–1652. During the First English Civil War he fought on the side of the Roundheads, serving in Robert Lilburne's regiment as a chaplain, as a soldier in Scotland and in the Swedish service, ultimately becoming a captain in Charles Fleetwood's regiment. He then lived for a time in Jamaica, of which he published an account in 1661.

neg: Edmund Hickeringill and ended his career by being convicted of forgery in 1707." Edmund Hickeringill Edmund Hickeringill (1631–1708) was an English churchman who lived during the period of the Commonwealth and the Restoration. Hickeringill was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge in 1647, graduated BA in 1650/1 and was junior fellow at Caius College, Cambridge in 1651–1652. During the First English Civil War he fought on the side of the Roundheads, serving in Robert Lilburne's regiment as a chaplain, as a soldier in Scotland and in the Swedish service, ultimately becoming a captain in Charles Fleetwood's regiment. He then lived for a

neg: Jean de Montereul the Marquis de La Ferté-Imbault was appointed ambassador. For just over two years from February 1642 until the spring of 1644 Montereul was secretary to the Marquis de Fontenay-Mareuil, the French ambassador in Rome. When it looked likely that the Royalists (Cavaliers) would loose the English Civil War, the Scots who were then allied with the English Parliamentarians (Roundheads), looked to Cardinal Mazarin, by then the chief minister of France for help in securing Charles I's position as king, but on terms acceptable to the Scots. In response Mazarin appointed Montereul as French resident in Scotland. Montereul arrived in London

neg: Laurence Esmonde, 1st Baron Esmonde two years later. Esmonde was one of many of the Anglo-Irish nobility who helped to bring Strafford down, by supporting the impeachment, which led to his attainder for treason and execution, only to see their own prosperity destroyed in the ensuing Irish Rebellion of 1641. After the outbreak of the English Civil War he seems to have tried to maintain a neutral position between King Charles I and the English Parliament; but by 1646 the suspicions of the Irish Confederacy as to his loyalty had been aroused by the fact that many of his officers and soldiers were Roundheads and

neg: Lulworth Castle de Walden. The castle was seized by the Roundheads during the English Civil War, who used it as a garrison. Weld regained the property after the war finished. A Roman Catholic chapel was built in the grounds in 1786. Following the French Revolution, the surviving members of the French royal family were allowed to use Lulworth as one of their residences-in-exile. Charles X of France also stayed there briefly following the July Revolution of 1830. The castle was gutted by fire on 29 August 1929 and was left as a roofless ruin, the family building a new residence for themselves

neg: Hooke Court Hooke Court Hooke Court is a 17th-century house in Dorset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building built around the time of the English Civil War. Standing in about of mature park and woodland, Hooke Court is on the outskirts of Hooke, a village in rural West Dorset. It lies at the foot of Warren Hill. In the Civil War it was damaged by fire by Roundheads but repaired in 1647 by the Duke of Bolton. There had previously been medieval buildings on the site. Hooke Court is today used as a residential study centre. In 2007 it was

neg: Hooke Court featured on the television series "Time Team" which attempted to discover the nature of the medieval buildings. Hooke Court Hooke Court is a 17th-century house in Dorset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building built around the time of the English Civil War. Standing in about of mature park and woodland, Hooke Court is on the outskirts of Hooke, a village in rural West Dorset. It lies at the foot of Warren Hill. In the Civil War it was damaged by fire by Roundheads but repaired in 1647 by the Duke of Bolton. There had previously been medieval buildings

neg: Abbotsbury the abbey was used in the construction of many buildings in the village, including the house of Abbotsbury's new owner, Sir Giles Strangways. In 1664, during the English Civil War, Roundheads (Parliamentarians) and Cavaliers (Royalists) clashed at Abbotsbury. Parliamentarians besieged the Royalists in the church of St. Nicholas; two bullet holes from the fight remain in the Jacobean pulpit. The Strangways house which had replaced the Abbey after the dissolution was also the scene of a skirmish, as the Royalist Colonel Strangways resisted the Parliamentarians, who besieged the house and burned it. The house gunpowder store exploded in the fire

neg: Walton-le-Dale a weekly market and an annual fair in October in 1301. The manor passed from the Langtons to the Hoghtons of Hoghton who held the manor as mesne lord. During the English Civil War the bridges over the river were the scene of skimishes between the Royalists and Roundheads. In 1644 Royalists were captured by Parliamentarians and Walton was the principal scene of the first Battle of Preston, fought on 17 August 1648 between Cromwell and the Duke of Hamilton. In 1715, during the second Battle of Preston, the bridge over the River Ribble was successfully defended against the Jacobites

neg: Moreton, Thame, Oxfordshire roads were passable once. Until well into the 18th century, the main thoroughfare from Aylesbury to Tetsworth and Wallingford ran through Moreton, via today's Moreton Lane in Thame. The needlemakers of Long Crendon made use of this road twice a year to send their goods by stagecoach for sale in London. Before that, it was used by the Roundheads, who would have passed through carrying the mortally wounded John Hampden from the Battle of Chalgrove Field to Thame in 1643. Like many villages and towns in Oxfordshire, Moreton was pillaged during the English Civil War. This era is the one

neg: Hampden Park who fought for the roundheads in the English Civil War. Queen's Park played at the first Hampden Park for 10 years beginning with a Scottish Cup tie on 25 October 1873. The ground hosted the first Scottish Cup Final, in 1874, and a Scotland v England match in 1878. The club moved to the second Hampden Park, 150 yards from the original, because the Cathcart District Railway planned a new line through the site of the ground's western terrace. A lawn bowling club at the junction of Queen's Drive and Cathcart Road marks the site of the first Hampden. The

neg: Shepley now owned and occupied by the Wimpenny family, who own the historic Huddersfield building firm of the same name. Locals believe that Oliver Cromwell marched his army through Shepley Carr during the English Civil War 1642–1649. Roundheads, as the soldiers were known, were probably in Kirkburton, and at Catlin or Catling (now Cat Hill) Hall near Penistone, the latter having a holding post in the cellars upon which royalist prisoners were chained. Inside the parish church at Upper Cumberworth, there is a chair that Oliver Cromwell is reputed to have sat in. Part of the village situated on the A629

neg: Ruislip Manor the Black Bull public house. The school was designed by the Middlesex County architect W.T. Curtis and the assistant architect for educational buildings, H. W. Burchett. A temporary school was opened by the Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council on 17 October 1934 in the Victoria Hall. Lady Bankes school opened on 7 January 1936, named after Mary, Lady Bankes who had defended Corfe Castle from the Roundheads in the English Civil War. The railway halt was later rebuilt as a station in 1938 and became Ruislip Manor tube station. Along with surrounding areas, Ruislip Manor suffered from heavy aerial bombardment from

neg: Battle of Portlester support for the King in his Civil War with the London Parliament, claiming that the authorities in Dublin had sided with the Roundheads against the King's interest in both Ireland and England. The Confederates aimed to secure concessions for the Catholic church, while many Protestant royalists regarded the Confederates as rebels who had committed a series of massacres, and at the time were as opposed to them as to the Roundheads. During summer 1643 O'Neill's Ulster Army had moved south into Leinster following their heavy defeat at the Battle of Clones. Alongside local Confederate forces they captured a series of

neg: English longbow history of archery, as the last battle on English soil to be fought with the longbow as the principal weapon..." The last recorded use of bows in an English battle may have been a skirmish at Bridgnorth, in October 1642, during the Civil War, when an impromptu town militia, armed with bows, proved effective against un-armoured musketeers. The Battle of Tippermuir (1644), in Scotland, may have been the last battle involving the longbow. Longbowmen remained a feature of the Royalist Army, but were not used by the Roundheads. Longbows have been in continuous production and use for sport and for

neg: St Michael and All Angels, Great Torrington In February 1646, the bell tower was blown up during the Battle of Torrington, a battle of the First English Civil War. The Royalists who held the town had stored some 80 barrels of gunpowder in the church. The Roundheads as they captured the town shut their prisoners in the church and somehow the powder was detonated with great loss of life. The blast is believed to have come from the south transept (the old tower) in a north-westerly direction, destroying several pillars and the fire that followed destroyed old furnishings and monuments. The church had to be rebuilt and

neg: John Fenwick (MP for Morpeth) and as a result of opposing the Roundheads, he was disabled from sitting in Parliament on 22 January 1644. He was at the siege of Newcastle, and the skirmish at Corbridge in 1644. He was killed at the Battle of Marston Moor on 2 July 1644. Fenwick married Mary, daughter of Sir George Selby, of Whitehouse, County Durham. John Fenwick (MP for Morpeth) John Fenwick (died 2 July 1644) was a member of Long Parliament who was disabled from sitting in Parliament on 22 January 1644 because he was a colonel in the Royalist army during the English Civil War.

neg: De Trafford baronets Civil War, he was seized and imprisoned by Roundheads and his estates were sequestered. His sons are mentioned as serving some of the English Interregnum at Rome and Douay. In 1653 Sir Cecil begged leave to transact under the Recusants Act relating to the sequestered two-thirds of his estates. Sir Cecil died in 1672. His eldest son Edmund died twenty years later, and was followed by a brother Humphrey, who was accused of participation in the fictitious plot of 1694, and sympathized with the rising of 1715. Around this time the family left their original home, which they occupied since

neg: The Children of the New Forest endured. It was particularly successful in fixing the image of the English Civil War as a quarrel of opposites, with dour Roundheads versus swashbuckling Cavaliers. The BBC has adapted the novel four times for television. These series were first shown in 1955 (5 episodes), 1964 (6 episodes), 1977 (5 episodes), and 1998 (6 episodes). The 1998 series had a major departure from the original plot. Craig Kelly starred as the villainous preacher Reverend Abel Corbould who was obsessed with capturing and executing the Beverley family. He also pursued a romantic relationship with Heatherstone's daughter Patience, but to no avail. Edward

neg: Robert Lilburne Robert Lilburne Colonel Robert Lilburne (1613–1665) was the older brother of John Lilburne, the well known Leveller. Unlike his brother, who severed his relationship with Oliver Cromwell, Robert Lilburne remained in the army. He is also classed as a regicide for having been a signatory to the death warrant of King Charles I in 1649. He was forty-seventh of the fifty nine Commissioners. At the outbreak of the First English Civil War Lilburne joined the Roundheads. He served under Edward Montagu (the son of Earl of Manchester) and by 1644 had attained the rank of captain. He then raised a

neg: Battle of Roundway Down The 2,000 Roundhead foot held out for a while, until Hopton's infantry, who had marched up from Devizes Castle, deployed to attack. The Roundheads then tried to retreat northwards, but failed and the survivors threw down their arms. About 600 Parliamentarian troops were killed and some 1,000 were captured. Roundway Down was the greatest cavalry victory of the English Civil War. The Royalists christened the battle "Runaway Down". The defeat of an army arrayed in proper battle order on high ground by a column of cavalry that had just ridden down from Oxford was regarded as remarkable. Waller had previously

neg: Eastcote of Corfe Castle in Dorset against the Roundheads during the English Civil War. Eastcote also housed an outstation of the Bletchley Park codebreaking activities during the Second World War, with several codebreaking computers in use. This operation became the precursor to GCHQ, which remained in Eastcote after the war until the department moved to purpose-built buildings in Cheltenham in 1952. By the turn of the 20th century, the recorded population was around 600; this had reached for the ward in 2007. Part of Eastcote is in the Pinner postal district, despite being in Hillingdon (Pinner post office being located within

neg: Warminster known as "Worgemynstre" in approximately 912 and it was referred to in the Domesday Book in 1086 as "Guerminstre". The name may be related to the River Were, a tributary of River Wylye which runs through the town, and from an Anglo-Saxon minster or monastery, which may have existed in the area of St Denys's Church, although the evidence for this is slight. The river's name, "Were" may be derived from the Old English "worian" to wander. During the English Civil War, between 1642 and 1645, the town was the site of a few incidents. A major for the "Roundheads",

neg: New Passage to South Wales, was probably in operation from 1630, when the New Passage Ferry Company was formed. The ferry was said to have been discontinued between 1645 and 1718. There is a tale, often repeated in 19th century and later guidebooks, that during the English Civil War King Charles was chased across the river from Portskewett: the pursuing Roundheads were drowned after being landed at low tide on the English Stones by the boatmen, after which Cromwell ordered the ferries to cease operation. This story originated in a deposition given by Giles Gilbert of Shirenewton during the course of a

neg: Parliament of England parliament deteriorated further. When trouble started to brew in Ireland, both Charles and his parliament raised armies to quell the uprisings by native Catholics there. It was not long before it was clear that these forces would end up fighting each other, leading to the English Civil War which began with the Battle of Edgehill in October 1642: those supporting the cause of parliament were called Parliamentarians (or Roundheads). Battles between Crown and Parliament would continue throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, but parliament was no longer subservient to the English monarchy. This change was symbolised in the execution of

neg: Yalding Britain. Wikipedia. Phonological history of English diphthongs. Wikipedia) By 1642 this had mutated to Yaldinge. The medieval records from Yalding are so complete that it was used in a History Case Study for Secondary Schools, called The Yalding Project. During the English Civil War in 1643, a battle took place at Town Bridge between the Roundheads and Cavaliers. The Cavaliers had advanced from Aylesford towards Tonbridge, but the Parliamentarian soldiers had marched to block their movements, bombarded them and forced their surrender, with the result that 300 were captured and 300 escaped. Yalding was a favourite of Edith Nesbit, author

neg: Thorganby, Lincolnshire limestone and red brick in 1648 with early 19th-century additions. It was built to replace an earlier Hall which was the seat of the Willoughby family, plundered by the Roundheads during the English Civil War in 1643. Thorganby C of E School was built in 1868 as a National School. It closed in March 1959. Thorganby, Lincolnshire Thorganby is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire. England. It is situated approximately north-east from the town of Market Rasen in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The population is included in the

neg: Swinley, Wigan the time of the industrial revolution many traders and residents had set up just beyond the 'gates' where they were free of borough taxation. In 1651 during the English Civil War the Battle of Wigan Lane was fought between 3000 Roundheads under Colonel Robert Lilburne and 1500 Royalists under the Early of Derby. The location where Sir Thomas Tyldesley fell on Wigan Lane is marked by the Tyldesley war monument erected in 1679. Battle damage can still be seen on the tower of All Saints' Church, Wigan Parish church. In 1878 Mesnes Park, begun in 1871, was completed replacing two

neg: Sutton Scarsdale Hall son Francis Leke was created a Baronet by King James I in 1611, and elevated to Earl of Scarsdale by King Charles I in 1640. When the English Civil War broke out, Leke joined the Cavaliers and the Hall's structure was strengthened, particularly so with Bolsover Castle on the opposite hillside swearing loyalty to the Roundheads. When a Parliamentarian force of 500 men led by Sir John Gell surrounded the estate, Leke resisted until the house was stormed and he was taken prisoner. With the estate seized by Oliver Cromwell's forces, after the end of the war a forfeiture fine

neg: University of Edgestow (though some of its buildings are indeed medieval). Bracton College (where much of the novel's story takes place) is a fellows-only institution, which was probably based on All Souls College, Oxford. The University has an ancient history, some details of which are lost. It suffered during the English Civil War, when Roundheads killed at least one Royalist don. Less clear details, from further back in history, indicate that Bragdon Wood – the grounds of Bracton College – is the location of the grave of Merlin. The novel begins after the Second World War, when the British government establishes the National

neg: St Mary's Church, Astbury part of the 15th century, when the range of high windows or clerestory was added. All styles of English Gothic architecture, are represented in the church: Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular. During the civil war, a group of Roundheads stabled their horses in the church. In the 19th century the interior of the church was restored by George Gilbert Scott; some wall paintings were revealed, and stained glass was added. The church has a number of special features. These include its exceptionally wide nave for a village church, and its trapezoidal shape. The tower is separate from the body of

neg: William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle Cavendish would later strike up friendships with Charles I of England and his wife Henrietta Maria for whom he hosted lavish banquets. He was created Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and entrusted with the education of the royal couple's son, the future Charles II of England. Cavendish was a staunch royalist helping to fund the king in his Bishops' Wars; and then during the English Civil War he was made a general for the struggle in the North of England against the roundheads. In 1645 he married the English poet, dramatist, philosopher, and natural scientist Margaret Lucas. After the defeat at Marston

neg: 1066 and All That a surfeit of over-eating or other causes. Other "memorable" monarchs include the Split King (Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2) and Broody Mary. "Memorable" events in English history include the Disillusion of the Monasteries (Chapter XXXI); the struggle between the Cavaliers (characterised as "Wrong but Wromantic") and the Roundheads (characterised as "Right but Repulsive") in the English Civil War (Chapter XXXV); and The Industrial Revelation (Chapter XLIX). The book also contains five joke "Test Papers" interspersed among the chapters, which contain nonsense instructions including the famous "Do not on any account attempt to write on both sides

neg: Lobster-tailed pot helmet It was also sometimes worn by a more heavily armoured type of cavalry, the cuirassier, combined with three-quarter armour. It was used by cavalry on both sides of the English Civil War including Oliver Cromwell's Ironside cavalry. The common misconception of Cavaliers wearing plumed wide-brimmed hats whilst the Roundheads wore helmets is eloquently disproved by a surviving order signed by Charles I himself for 33 'potts', along with other cavalry armour, for the use of his own troop of horse in 1642. Another order, this time from the Parliamentarian authorities, dating to 1644 for 300 "potts with three barres English"

neg: Northampton had many churches, monasteries and the University of Northampton, which were all enclosed by the town walls. It was granted its first town charter by King Richard I in 1189 and its first mayor was appointed by King John in 1215. The town is also the site of two medieval battles; the Battle of Northampton (1264) and the second in 1460. Northampton's royal connection languished in the modern period; the town supported Parliament (the Roundheads) in the English Civil War, which culminated in King Charles II ordering the destruction of the town walls and most of the castle. The town

neg: Eastcote the custom at the time. After his death in 1593, his nephew Ralph Hawtrey applied for the licence, which was approved. Ralph Hawtrey's only daughter became Lady Mary Bankes when she married Sir John Bankes, Chief Justice to Charles I. As a Royalist, she defended their home in Dorset, Corfe Castle, against the Roundheads in 1643 at the time of the English Civil War. A plaque on the south wall of St Martin's Church in Ruislip commemorates her heroic act. Lady Bankes had also lived at Haydon Hall in Eastcote, and her name is remembered by the school in Northwood

neg: Plas Teg Plas Teg Plas Teg is a Grade I listed Jacobean house in Wales. It is near the village of Pontblyddyn, Flintshire between Wrexham and Mold. It is considered to be one of the finest examples of Jacobean architecture in Wales, and the finest in North Wales. The house was built by Sir John Trevor I, a prominent courtier of King James I, in about 1610. Sir John died in 1629 and his wife in 1643, leaving the house unoccupied as the English civil war broke out. It was twice raided by the Roundheads, but continued to be passed down to

neg: Tarrington became a Royalist Colonel in the English Civil War, and was knighted by Charles I in 1645. The following year, Sir Henry made a heroic, though unsuccessful, defence of Goodrich Castle against the Roundheads, and as a result, the Stoke Edith Estate, which now included large parts of Tarrington, was heavily fined and effectively confiscated by the Commonwealth Government under Oliver Cromwell. It was returned to the family at the restoration of Charles II in 1660. Henry Lingen later became Member of Parliament for Herefordshire in 1661, but died of smallpox the following year. In 1670, Thomas Foley (1616-1677), a

neg: Bletchingdon Park Bletchingdon Park Bletchington Park is a Grade II* listed Palladian country house in Bletchingdon, Oxfordshire. Bletchington's medieval manor house was rebuilt by Sir Thomas Coghill in about 1630. It was fortified and garrisoned by 200 Cavaliers under Colonel Francis Windebank during the First English Civil War, before being over-run by Roundheads during Cromwell's raid in 1644. The Coghill family sold it to Lord Valentia in 1716. The present house is a Palladian country house built in 1782 next to the parish church by James Lewis for Arthur Annesley, 5th Earl of Anglesey. Bletchington village was originally built around a green,

neg: Glastonbury Thorn new growth) in the winter. This flowering of the Glastonbury thorn in mild weather just past midwinter was accounted miraculous. At the time of the adoption of the revised Gregorian calendar in Britain in 1752, the "Gentleman's Magazine" reported that curious visitors went to see whether the Glastonbury thorn kept to the Julian calendar or the new one: The original Glastonbury thorn itself was cut down and burned as a relic of superstition by Cromwellian troops (or 'Roundheads' by another source) during the English Civil War (1642–1651). The custom of sending a budded branch of the Glastonbury thorn to the

neg: Scaplen's Court of the house is uncertain, but a doorway in the courtyard display the Poole shield of arms. It is believed that a maid named Agnes Beard was murdered at the house in 1598, and there are suggestions that her ghost haunts the house. It has also been suggested by local historians that the building may have been Poole's "Old Town House", the first guildhall in the town, and that in the seventeenth century it was known as the "George's Inn", and was occupied by the Roundheads during the English Civil War. During the eighteenth century, the house was acquired by

neg: Wolvesey Castle to have slighted Wolvesey after the death of Bishop Henry in 1171. This did not include the destruction of the residential quarters as many later occupants of the see of Winchester dwelled there in high state. But the gate and portcullis were likely removed and some breaches made in the curtain . It was once a very important building, and was the location on 25 July 1554 of the wedding breakfast of Queen Mary and Philip II of Spain. The castle was destroyed by Roundheads during the English Civil War in 1646. The chapel is the only considerable remnant of

neg: Thomas Blood of John Holcroft, a gentleman from Golborne, Lancashire, and returned to Ireland. At the outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642, Blood returned to England and initially took up arms with the Royalist forces loyal to Charles I. As the conflict progressed he switched sides and became a lieutenant in Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads. In 1653 at the cessation of hostilities Cromwell awarded Blood land grants as payment for his service and appointed him a justice of the peace. Following the Restoration of King Charles II to the Crowns of the Three Kingdoms in 1660, Blood fled with his

neg: History of communism ownership based on the teachings in the New Testament which emphasised sharing amongst everyone. Other ancient Jewish sects, like the Essenes, also supported egalitarianism and communal living. In Europe, during the early modern period various groups supporting communist ideas appeared. Tommaso Campanella's 1601 work "The City of the Sun" propagated the concept of a society where the products of society should be shared equally. Within a few centuries, during the English Civil War various groups on the side of the Roundheads propagated the redistribution of wealth on an egalitarian basis, namely the Levellers and the Diggers. In the 18th century,

neg: Putney when returning from hunting in Richmond park and asked Walpole to use his influence by supporting the bridge." The bridge was a wooden structure and lasted for 150 years, when in 1886 it was replaced by the stone bridge that stands today. The parish church of St Mary The Virgin became the site of the 1647 Putney Debates. Towards the end of the English Civil War, with the Roundheads looking victorious, some soldiers in the New Model Army staged a minor mutiny amid fears that a monarchy would be replaced by a new dictatorship. A number, known as the Levellers,

neg: Salcombe the boundaries of Batson and West Portlemouth (Portlemore Barton). In 1570, there were 56 mariners while two years later another survey shows five ships under 60 tons at Salcombe. In 1566 there were ten seine nets at Salcombe while in the 1580s Salcombe fishermen travelled to Padstow annually for the new herring fishery. While there they rented cottages and storehouses. During the English civil war the town sided with the Royalists and held out against the Roundheads. The ruins of Fort Charles remain towards the south of the town. It held out from January to May 1646 and was the

neg: Don Kaye that they form a company to publish the game themselves. Sensing the potential popularity of the game, in October 1973 the two men each invested in the venture — Kaye borrowed his share on his life insurance policy — in order to finance the start-up of TSR, which was initially run out of Kaye's dining room. Their investment of $2000 was not enough to print their new role-playing game, so they instead published "Cavaliers and Roundheads", a miniatures game based on the English Civil War, and planned to use its revenue to print and publish "D&D". But sales were poor,

neg: Keynsham suggests that the abbey was built over the site of the previous Saxon Minster church. The settlement developed into a medieval market town, and the abbey of Keynsham was given ownership of the Keynsham Hundred. The Abbey survived until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539, and a house was subsequently built on the site. The remains have been designated as a Grade I listed building by English Heritage. Keynsham played a part in the Civil War as the Roundheads saved the town and also camped there for the night, using the pub now known as the Lock Keeper Inn

neg: Yeovil to 1610 and then by the Phelips family until 1846 when it passed to the Harbins of Newton Surmaville. Babylon Hill across the River Yeo to the south east of the town was the site of a minor skirmish, the Battle of Babylon Hill, during the English Civil War, which resulted in the Earl of Bedford's Roundheads forcing back Sir Ralph Hopton's Cavaliers to Sherborne. During the 1800s Yeovil was a centre of the glove making industry and the population expanded rapidly. In the mid-19th century it became connected to the rest of Britain by a complex set of railway

neg: BBC Television Shakespeare from Luigi Pirandello's play "Il Gioco delle Parti" to ITV's "Upstairs, Downstairs". Gorrie also set the play during the English Civil War, hoping the use of cavaliers and roundheads would help focus the dramatisation of the conflict between festivity and Puritanism. Gorrie wanted the episode to be as realistic as possible, and in designing Olivia's house, he made sure that the geography of the building was practical, and shot the episode in such a way that the audience becomes aware of the logical geography, often shooting characters entering and existing doorways into rooms and corridors. The "Prefaces to Shakespeare" episode

neg: A Midsummer Tempest "A Midsummer Night's Dream" are also part of this world. The novel takes place in the era of Cromwell and Charles I, but the characters deal with the English Civil War which is coeval with an Industrial Revolution. The fairy element provides a plot tension with the more advanced technology. Although various plays are alluded to, the plot is chiefly shaped by "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Tempest". As part of the homage to Shakespeare, the nobler characters speak in blank verse and at least one sonnet, printed as prose. Prince Rupert is taken by the Roundheads; held captive

neg: Stuart period to Holland. To prevent the king from dissolving it at will, Parliament passed the Triennial Act, which required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years, and permitted the Lord Keeper and 12 peers to summon Parliament if the king failed to do so. The Act was coupled with a subsidy bill, and so to secure the latter, Charles grudgingly granted royal assent in February 1641. The First English Civil War of 1642–1645 ended in victory for the Parliamentarians over the Royalists (often called "Cavaliers"). The Parliamentarians were often called "Roundheads" because of their short practical haircuts. The

neg: Hair mimicking male-pattern baldness, and the rest of the hair braided into a long pigtail. Hairstyle may be an indicator of group membership. During the English Civil War, the followers of Oliver Cromwell decided to crop their hair close to their head, as an act of defiance to the curls and ringlets of the king's men. This led to the Parliamentary faction being nicknamed Roundheads. Recent isotopic analysis of hair is helping to shed further light on sociocultural interaction, giving information on food procurement and consumption in the 19th century . Having bobbed hair was popular among the flappers in the

neg: Henry Rogers (priest) Cathedral against the wishes of the Dean and chapter, with whom he was often arguing, through the influence of John Coke, the Secretary of State and George Coke, the Bishop of Hereford, with the support of Archbishop Laud. He preached against the Roundheads during the English Civil War and was captured when Hereford fell to the Parliamentary forces in 1643. His parish positions were taken away from him and he suffered great financial hardship thereafter, despite assistance from friends. His date of death is not known, but he was buried in the church at Wellington, Herefordshire on 15 June 1658.

neg: English Army Civil War both the Royalists (Cavaliers) and Parliament (Roundheads) raised men when and where they could, and both claimed legal justification. Parliament claimed to be justified by its own recent "Militia Ordinance", while the king claimed the old-fashioned "Commissions of Array". For example, in Cornwall the Royalist leader Sir Ralph Hopton indicted the enemy before the grand jury of the county for disturbing the peace, and expelled them by using the "posse comitatus". In effect, both sides assembled local forces wherever they could do so by valid written authority. After two years of ruinous but indecisive military campaigning, Parliament passed

neg: Cavalier boots boots worn by the Three Musketeers, with a flared bucket-shaped top and high wooden heels similar to those on cowboy boots. Boots of this type are stereotypically associated with the dashing Cavalier of the English Civil War but in reality many Roundheads, including the Earl of Essex, dressed identically to the Royalists. Cavalier boots remained in use among cavalry until the late 18th century when they were replaced with the Hessian boots popularised by Prussian king Frederick the Great. Cavalier boots are often associated with pirates and highwaymen like Dick Turpin or Captain Blood. These tall boots were prized by

neg: Nettlecombe Court chapel at Nettlecombe Court with a secret priest's hiding place to provide sanctuary for visiting Catholic priests. Nettlecombe Court's hidden treasure during the English Civil War: Colonel George Trevelyan then took up arms and fought for the Royalist cause in defense of the king, but eventually was captured and imprisoned by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell's roundheads came to Nettlecombe to seize whatever property they could: crops, horses, farm animals, wagons, tools, weapons, house goods, etc. In an attempt to protect the family fortune; George's wife, Margaret, hid the family silver and other valuables under floorboards at Nettlecombe, but she died before

neg: First English Civil War was dismantled early in May, and Abingdon given up shortly afterwards. It was now possible for the Roundheads to approach Oxford. Abingdon was no sooner evacuated than on 26 May 1644, Waller's and Essex's armies united there – still, unfortunately for their cause, under separate commanders. Edmund Ludlow joined Waller at Abingdon to place Oxford under siege. From Abingdon, Essex moved direct on Oxford. Waller moved towards Wantage, where he could give a hand to Edward Massey, the energetic governor of Gloucester. Affairs seemed so bad in the west (Maurice, with a whole army was still vainly besieging the single

neg: Haslington During the First English Civil War, on 27 December 1642,(?) there was a skirmish between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians that took place on the southern outskirts of the village at a place called Slaughter Hill. The, Parliamentarians—also known as the Roundheads—won the battle. Local legend says the battle caused the brook nearby to turn red from the blood spilt. A sword was found embedded in the bank of Valley Brook. Although the macabre name Slaughter Hill suggests it may be named after this skirmish, it may be a corruption of "Sloe Tree Hill". Blackthorn ("Prunus spinosa"), the fruit of

neg: Buckley, Greater Manchester Buckley, after the locality. The Buckleys of Buckley used Buckley Hall as a chapel and residence and continued to have influence over local and regional affairs as priests, yeomen, esquires and other gentry into the Early Modern Period; Geoffrey Buckley of Buckley was the Rector of St Alban's Church in London during the 1470s, and John Buckley of Buckley, son of Abel, was a Lieutenant Colonel with the Roundheads at the Siege of Lathom House during the English Civil War. When the manor of Hundersfield was abolished and its territory subdivided amongst new townships, Buckley Hall and its surrounding area

neg: York International 9s considered strong enough to take part in the main Fairfax cup. Many of the teams represent the military services of the UK. There is also a junior grade Marston Moor competition for York and District schools. It is named after the English Civil War battle between Cavaliers and Roundheads. Preliminary rounds will take place on Wednesday 14 June at Heworth Rugby Club. The semi finals and final will then be part of the York International 9s Festival. From 2007, the competition will be expanded to include secondary schools. York International 9s York International 9s is an international rugby league nines

neg: A Midsummer Tempest books. Jennifer's plight becomes desperate from thirst, but Ariel (from The Tempest) finds her and brings her to the island. Rupert works out the location, and Jennifer and he are reconciled. They retrieve the books and magically bear them back to England. Charles I has taken up a position near Glastonbury Tor for reasons he does not understand. Rupert attempts the magic; Will Fairweather is possessed by a spirit of England and stirs up the magic of the land. The Roundheads are defeated, and Charles I wins the English Civil War. At the Old Phoenix, Valeria believes that even if

neg: Cavalier Cavalier The term Cavalier () was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 – c. 1679). It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves. Although it referred originally to political and social attitudes and behaviour, of which clothing was a very small part, it has subsequently become strongly identified with the fashionable clothing of the court at the time. Prince Rupert, commander of much of Charles I's cavalry, is often considered

neg: Jean de Montereul in August 1645. Once there he opened a dialogue with English Presbyterians such as the Earl of Holland who were sympathetic to the Scots who too were Presbyterians and formally allied with the Roundheads thorough the Solemn League and Covenant, but which was disliked by non-Presbyterian Roundheads such as Oliver Cromwell and other religious Independents. There were Scottish commissioners in London who were looking after Scottish interests in the alliance and during talks with them and English Presbyterians, the idea arose that if Charles I was to place himself under the protection of the Scottish army, then the Presbyterian party

neg: History of Dorset already been successfully defended against an attack in 1643 but an act of betrayal during a second siege in 1646 led to its capture and subsequent slighting. The residents of Lyme Regis were staunch Parliamentarians who, in 1644, repelled three attacks by a Royalist army under King Charle's nephew, Prince Maurice. Maurice lost 2,000 men in the assaults and his reputation was severely damaged as a result. The largest civil war battle in Dorset was not fought between Cavaliers and Roundheads however. The Dorset clubmen, a group of angry civilians who were annoyed by the disruption caused by the war,

neg: Nelson, Caerphilly set in the year 1645 at height of the English Civil War, the year in which King Charles I visited the house in an attempt to persuade its owner, Colonel Edward Pritchard, not to switch allegiance to the Roundheads. In spite of this the colonel joined the Parliamentarian cause some time later. The manor is now reputed to be one of the most haunted buildings in Wales. An open-air Pêl-Law court stands in the centre of the village and is believed to be the only operating Welsh handball court left in Wales. Welsh Water's head office is in Nelson. Nelson

neg: Nettlecombe Court fire started by roundheads opposed to George Trevelyns support of the monarchy during the English Civil War. During the reign of George I, between 1703 and 1707, the South West front was extended. The south west wing was decorated in the 1780s and the north east service range was added in the early 19th century. The house contains plaster work from each of these eras. In the 17th century, an organ built by John Loosemore was installed, at a cost of £100. This was converted from a single-manual to two-manual operation in the 1830s. In the 1980s, this was partly

neg: Battle of Stourbridge Heath appointed to the County Committee for Worcestershire. Gerard continued fighting in support of the Royalist cause, dying in 1646 and is buried at Worcester. Battle of Stourbridge Heath The Battle of Stourbridge Heath (26 March 1644) was a skirmish that took place during the English Civil War, in which a Roundhead contingent under the command of Colonel "Tinker" Fox was defeated by a larger Cavalier force under the command of Sir Gilbert Gerard, Governor of Worcester. In 1644 Colonel Fox, had led a raid that succeeded in capturing Stourton Castle. His brother held the castle for the Roundheads (Parliamentarians) however

neg: West Somerset Coast Path was closed in 1971 but was then reopened in 1976 as a heritage railway. Watchet is a harbour town, which, according to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", was plundered by Danes led by Ohtor and Rhoald in 987 and 997. It is known that it was in frequent use by small boats in 1564 possibly for the import of salt and wine from France. During the English Civil War Royalist reinforcements for the siege of Dunster Castle was sent by sea, but the tide was on the ebb and a troop of Roundheads rode into the shallows and forced the ship to

neg: St Silin's Church, Llansilin Act 1914 that led to the creation of the Church in Wales. The church was constructed out of wood in a cruciform shape as a Clas, though it was damaged during Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion and the nave was rebuilt in stone. A 13th-century lancet remains a part of the current building. During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads used the church as a barracks and the south door for target practice with muskets. It was also shot at by Royalist forces sieging the church; the door is still in use and still retains the bullet holes. The wooden spire

neg: First English Civil War, 1642 capture of Cirencester on 2 February. Gloucester and Bristol were now the only important garrisons of the Roundheads in the west. In the Midlands, in spite of a Parliamentary victory won by Sir William Brereton at the Battle of Nantwich on 28 January, the Royalists of Shropshire, Staffordshire, and Leicestershire soon extended their influence through Ashby-de-la-Zouch into Nottinghamshire and joined hands with their friends at Newark. Around Chester, a new Royalist army was being formed under the Lord Byron, and all the efforts of Sir John Brereton and of Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, the leading supporter of Parliament in

neg: Pillar of Eliseg thirty-one lines of insular script. It not only mentioned several individuals described in the "Historia Britonum", but also complemented the information presented in that text. The Latin inscription was as follows: A generally accepted translation of this inscription, one of the longest surviving inscriptions from pre-Viking Wales, is as follows: [the column is broken here. One line, possibly more, lost] The Pillar was thrown down by the Roundheads during the English Civil War and a grave under it opened. Edward Lhuyd examined the Pillar and copied the inscription in 1696. The lower half disappeared but the upper half was re-erected