query: physiological conditions in which babinski sign is positive

pos: Plantar reflex Plantar reflex The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms. In normal adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion). An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants. While first described in the medical literature by Babinski

pos: Plantar reflex Plantar reflex The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms. In normal adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion). An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants. While first described in the medical literature by Babinski

neg: Hoffmann's reflex the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski's sign test Hoffmann's reflex is often erroneously confused with Babinski's. However the two reflexes are quite different, and should not be equated with each other. A positive Babinski sign is considered a pathological sign of upper motor neuron disease "except" for infants, in whom it is normal. Whereas, a positive Hoffmann's sign can be present in an entirely normal patient. A positive Hoffmann's sign in the normal patients is more commonly found in those who are naturally hyper-reflexive (e.g. 3+ reflexes). A positive Hoffmann's sign is a worrisome finding of a disease process

neg: Plantar reflex be elicited in a number of ways, which were described in the late 19th and early 20th century. These have their own eponyms. Plantar reflex The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms. In normal adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion). An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal

neg: Plantar reflex of infection control regulation this is no longer recommended. Either a single use device or the thumb nail should be used. There are three responses possible: As the lesion responsible for the sign expands, so does the area from which the afferent Babinski response may be elicited. The Babinski response is also normal while asleep and after a long period of walking. The Babinski sign can indicate upper motor neuron lesion constituting damage to the corticospinal tract. Occasionally, a pathological plantar reflex is the first and only indication of a serious disease process and a clearly abnormal plantar reflex often

neg: Joseph Babinski André Breton discusses the work in "Nadja." Babinski died in the same year as two great Polish neurologists, Edward Flatau and Samuel Goldflam. In his last years he had suffered from Parkinson's disease. Babinski lived to see his achievements in French neurology internationally acclaimed. He was honored by Poland's Wilno University, by the American Neurological Society, and by other foreign societies. Joseph Babinski Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski (; 17 November 1857 – 29 October 1932) was a French neurologist of Polish descent. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative

neg: Joseph Babinski Joseph Babinski Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski (; 17 November 1857 – 29 October 1932) was a French neurologist of Polish descent. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage. Born in Paris, Babinski was the son of a Polish military officer, Aleksander Babiński (1824–1889), and his wife Henryeta Weren Babińska (1819–1897), who in 1848 fled Warsaw for Paris because of a Tsarist reign of terror instigated to stall Polish attempts at achieving independence and breaking the union between Congress Poland and the Russian Empire. Babinski received

neg: Joseph Babinski from organic diseases, and coined the concept of "pithiatism". In 1896, at a meeting of the "Société de Biologie", Babiński, in a 26-line presentation, delivered the first report on the ""phenomène des orteils"", i.e., that while the normal reflex of the sole of the foot is a plantar reflex of the toes, an injury to the pyramidal tract will show an isolated dorsal flexion of the great toe—"Babinski's sign." During World War I, Babinski had charge of many traumatic neurology cases at the Pitié Hospitals. He was professor of neurology at the University of Paris. Babinski wrote over 200 papers

neg: Hepatic encephalopathy coma. More severe forms of hepatic encephalopathy lead to a worsening level of consciousness, from lethargy to somnolence and eventually coma. In the intermediate stages, a characteristic jerking movement of the limbs is observed (asterixis, "liver flap" due to its flapping character); this disappears as the somnolence worsens. There is disorientation and amnesia, and uninhibited behaviour may occur. In the third stage, neurological examination may reveal clonus and positive Babinski sign. Coma and seizures represent the most advanced stage; cerebral oedema (swelling of the brain tissue) leads to death. Encephalopathy often occurs together with other symptoms and signs of liver

neg: Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord be present. Bilateral spastic paresis may develop and pressure, vibration and touch sense are diminished. A positive Babinski sign may be seen. Prolonged deficiency of vitamin B leads to irreversible nervous system damage. HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy can present with a similar pattern of dorsal column and corticospinal tract demyelination. It has been thought that if someone is deficient in vitamin B and folic acid, the vitamin B deficiency must be treated first. However, modern research says ″Although it was thought that folic acid might exacerbate vitamin B12 deficiency and its symptoms, it is probably not the case″. And that if

neg: Anosognosia Anosognosia Anosognosia (, ; from Ancient Greek ἀ- "a-", "without", νόσος "nosos", "disease" and γνῶσις "gnōsis", "knowledge") is a deficit of self-awareness, a condition in which a person with some disability seems unaware of its existence. It was first named by the neurologist Joseph Babinski in 1914. Anosognosia results from physiological damage to brain structures, typically to the parietal lobe or a diffuse lesion on the fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere, and is thus a neurological disorder. While this distinguishes the condition from denial, which is a psychological defense mechanism, attempts have been made at a unified explanation. Anosognosia

neg: Babinski–Nageotte syndrome the contralateral (opposite side) of the body. It was first described in 1902 and later named after the neurologists who initially investigated it, Joseph Babinski and Jean Nageotte. Babinski–Nageotte syndrome Babinski–Nageotte syndrome, sometimes called Babinski syndrome or hemimedullary syndrome, is an alternating brainstem syndrome. It occurs when there is damage to the dorsolateral or posterior lateral medulla oblongata, likely syphilitic in origin. Hence it is also called the alternating medulla oblongata syndrome. The rare disorder is caused by damage to a part of the brain (medullobulbar transitional area) which causes a variety of neurological symptoms, some of which affect only

neg: Anosognosia Anosognosia is also closely related to other cognitive dysfunctions that may impair the capacity of an individual to continuously participate in treatment. Other research has suggested that attitudes toward treatment can improve after involuntary treatment and that previously committed patients tend later to seek voluntary treatment. Anosognosia Anosognosia (, ; from Ancient Greek ἀ- "a-", "without", νόσος "nosos", "disease" and γνῶσις "gnōsis", "knowledge") is a deficit of self-awareness, a condition in which a person with some disability seems unaware of its existence. It was first named by the neurologist Joseph Babinski in 1914. Anosognosia results from physiological damage to brain

neg: Protein adsorption determined by the pKa of its amino acid side chains, and the terminal amino acid and carboxylic acid. Proteins with isoelectric point (pI) above physiological conditions have a positive charge and proteins with pI below physiological conditions have a negative charge. The net charge of the protein, determined by the sum charge of its constituents, results in electrophoretic migration in a physiologic electric field. These effects are short-range because of the high di-electric constant of water, however, once the protein is close to a charged surface, electrostatic coupling becomes the dominant force. Water has as much propensity to form hydrogen

neg: Babinski–Nageotte syndrome Babinski–Nageotte syndrome Babinski–Nageotte syndrome, sometimes called Babinski syndrome or hemimedullary syndrome, is an alternating brainstem syndrome. It occurs when there is damage to the dorsolateral or posterior lateral medulla oblongata, likely syphilitic in origin. Hence it is also called the alternating medulla oblongata syndrome. The rare disorder is caused by damage to a part of the brain (medullobulbar transitional area) which causes a variety of neurological symptoms, some of which affect only one side of the body. Symptoms include ipsilateral (same side) cerebellar ataxia, sensory deficits of the face, and Horner's syndrome, along with weakness and loss of sensation on

neg: Treadmilling differences in critical concentration between the positive and the negative end may be a way for the cell to prevent unwanted polymerization events. The critical concentration is the concentration of either G-actin (actin) or the alpha,beta- tubulin complex (microtubules) at which the end will remain in an equilibrium state with no net growth or shrinkage. What determines whether the ends grow or shrink is entirely dependent on the cytosolic concentration of available monomer subunits in the surrounding area. Critical concentration differs from the positive (C) and the negative end (C), and under normal physiological conditions, the critical concentration is lower

neg: Definite quadratic form for a minimum are met at this point. If the quadratic form is negative-definite, the second-order conditions for a maximum are met. An important example of such an optimization arises in multiple regression, in which a vector of estimated parameters is sought which minimizes the sum of squared deviations from a perfect fit within the dataset. Definite quadratic form In mathematics, a definite quadratic form is a quadratic form over some real vector space that has the same sign (always positive or always negative) for every nonzero vector of . According to that sign, the quadratic form is called positive-definite

neg: Anton–Babinski syndrome Anton–Babinski syndrome Anton–Babinski syndrome, also known as Anton's blindness and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. Those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing. Failing to accept being blind, people with Anton-Babinski syndrome dismiss evidence of their condition and employ confabulation to fill in the missing sensory input. It is named after neurologists Gabriel Anton and Joseph Babinski. Only 28 cases were published. Anton–Babinski syndrome is mostly seen following a stroke, but

neg: Joseph Babinski on nervous disorders. With Jules Froment he published "Hysteropithiatisme en Neurologie de Guerre" (1917), which was translated into English in 1918 by Sir H. Rolleston. Babiński published some of his works in Polish. Babinski lived with his younger brother, Henri Babinski, a distinguished engineer and famous cook who, as "Ali Baba," published a classic cookbook. With Pierre Palau, Babinski, under the pseudonym "Olaf," wrote a disturbing play, "Les détraquées", which premiered at the Deux-Masques theater in 1921. The play involves the murder of a young pupil at a girls' school by the school's principal and her accomplice, a dance teacher.

neg: Arginine a sign of a healthy endothelium. L-arginine is generally recognized as safe (GRAS-status) at intakes of up to 20 grams per day. The amino acid side-chain of arginine consists of a 3-carbon aliphatic straight chain, the distal end of which is capped by a guanidinium group, which has a p"K" of 12.48, and is therefore always protonated and positively charged at physiological pH. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized, enabling the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. Intravenously administered arginine is used in growth hormone stimulation tests because it

neg: Aspartic acid Aspartic acid Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Similar to all other amino acids it contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid. Its α-amino group is in the protonated –NH form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated −COO under physiological conditions. Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CHCOOH) which reacts with other amino acids, enzymes and proteins in the body. Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) in proteins the side chain usually occurs as the negatively

neg: Immunoglobulin M protrude like a short stem. IgM interacts with several other physiological molecules: Specific immunoglobulins that are injected into animals together with their antigen can influence the antibody response to this same antigen. Endogenous antibodies produced after a primary immunization can also affect the antibody response to a booster immunization, suggesting that similar effects occur during physiological conditions. The ”regulatory” effects can be either positive or negative. That is, depending on the type of antigen and the isotype of the antibody, the effect can be suppression or enhancement of the antibody response. Such effects are well illustrated by experiments involving immunization

neg: Anosodiaphoria Anosodiaphoria Anosodiaphoria is a condition in which a person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems indifferent to the existence of their handicap. Anosodiaphoria is specifically used in association with indifference to paralysis. It is a somatosensory agnosia, or a sign of neglect syndrome. It might be specifically associated with defective functioning of the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere. Joseph Babinski first used the term anosodiaphoria in 1914 to describe a disorder of the body schema in which patients verbally acknowledge a clinical problem (such as hemiparesis) but fail to be concerned about it. Anosodiaphoria follows a stage

neg: Hetucakra all three conditions, namely Numbers 2 and 8: either "+ sapakṣa − & vipakṣa" or "± sapakṣa & − vipakṣa" would fulfill the required conditions. Dignaga is insistent that at least one sapaksa must have the positive sign. Number 5 is not a case of sound inference as this is a pseudo-sign for although it satisfies the two conditions 1 and 3, it does not fulfill condition 2. Dignaga required all three conditions to be met in order to establish valid cognition. The second row does not satisfy condition 2 and hence none of Numbers 4, 5, and 6 are

neg: Histamine an imidazole ring attached to an ethylamine chain; under physiological conditions, the amino group of the side-chain is protonated. Histamine base, obtained as a mineral oil mull, melts at 83–84 °C. Hydrochloride and phosphorus salts form white hygroscopic crystals and are easily dissolved in water or ethanol, but not in ether. In aqueous solution, the imidazole ring of histamine exists in two tautomeric forms, identified by which of the two nitrogen atoms is protonated. The nitrogen farther away from the side chain is the 'tele' nitrogen and is denoted by a lowercase tau sign and the nitrogen closer to the

neg: Sopor (sleep) toxic lesions of the brain. Symptoms include lack of response to the environment, perform any tasks, or respond to questions, but the ability to swallow is maintained. Examination will reveal decreased muscle tone of the extremities and depression of tendon reflexes. Pupillary reaction to light may be sluggish, but the corneal reflexes are preserved. Paresis and Babinski sign may be present. Sopor (sleep) Sopor is a condition of abnormally deep sleep or a stupor from which it is difficult to rouse. It involves a profound depression of consciousness, which is manifested by drowsiness, while maintaining coordinated defensive reactions to stimuli

neg: Plantar reflex by the deep peroneal nerve. Loss of normal adult descending pyramidal control of the reflex arc to suppress extensor withdrawal results in the upgoing toes in the plantar reflex known as Babinski's sign. The Hoffmann's reflex is sometimes described as the upper limb equivalent of the Babinski sign because both indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction. Mechanistically, they differ significantly; the finger flexor reflex is a simple monosynaptic spinal reflex involving the flexor digitorum profundus that is normally fully inhibited by upper motor neurons. The pathway producing the plantar response is more complicated, and is not monosynaptic. The plantar reflex can

neg: Poly(amidoamine) of PAMAM dendrimers, which are positively ionized under physiological conditions. This could result in a PAMAM-DNA complex, which would make DNA transfection more efficient due to neutralization of the charges on both elements, while the cytotoxicity of the PAMAM dendrimer would also be reduced. Indeed, several reports have confirmed PAMAM dendrimers as effective DNA transfection agents. When the charge balance between DNA phosphates and PAMAM surface amines is slightly positive, the maximum transfection efficiency is obtained; this finding supports the idea that the complex binds to the cell surface via charge interactions. A striking observation is that "activation" of PAMAM

neg: VDAC1 size, metabolic gating under saturated ATP conditions reveal a transport of 2,000,000 ATP/second and a transport of 10,000 ATP under physiological conditions. At a higher voltage in the positive or negative direction (>30mV), the pore is in a "closed" state and is weakly cation selective allowing for less metabolites to be transported. The flux of metabolites can be seen as negligible.This change in states is mediated by a conformational change in the protein that has yet to be discovered. Since the alpha helical N-terminus segment is located in the center of the pore, it is ideally situated for metabolic gating.

neg: Dre Babinski Dre Babinski Andrea "Dre" Babinski (born August 26, 1985) is a Los Angeles-based actor, singer, songwriter, violinist, and guitarist, best known as the indie-pop solo-act Steady Holiday. Other notable work from Babinski includes recording and touring as violinist and backing vocalist for Dusty Rhodes and the River Band, and as one-half of the musical duo Miracle Days. Dre has also appeared (as Andrea Babinski) in several commercials for web and television, and has worked as a self-described "hired gun" in the band Hunter Hunted, as well as for The Elected, and a solo project from The Honorary Title's Jarrod Gorbel.

neg: Transpulmonary pressure intrapleural space (a pneumothorax), the lungs collapse as a result of their inherent elastic recoil. Under physiological conditions the transpulmonary pressure is always positive; intrapleural pressure is always negative and relatively large, while alveolar pressure moves from slightly negative to slightly positive as a person breathes. For a given lung volume the transpulmonary pressure is equal and opposite to the elastic recoil pressure of the lung. The transpulmonary pressure vs Volume curve of inhalation (usually plotted as Volume in function of Pressure) is different from that of exhalation, the difference being described as hysteresis. Lung volume at any given pressure

neg: Anosodiaphoria days to weeks after stroke, anosodiaphoria often persists. Therefore, the therapist has to be creative in their rehabilitation approach in order to maintain the interest of the patient. Anosodiaphoria Anosodiaphoria is a condition in which a person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems indifferent to the existence of their handicap. Anosodiaphoria is specifically used in association with indifference to paralysis. It is a somatosensory agnosia, or a sign of neglect syndrome. It might be specifically associated with defective functioning of the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere. Joseph Babinski first used the term anosodiaphoria in 1914 to describe

neg: Pronator drift Pronator drift In medicine, pronator drift (also known as pyramidal drift) refers to a pathologic sign seen during a neurological examination. Jean Alexandre Barré is credited with having first described it; thus it is sometimes known as the Barré test or sign. A positive result indicates spasticity. This sign can appear due to an upper motor neuron lesion or various other conditions (including inborn errors of metabolism) which include spasticity as a symptom. The patient is asked to hold both arms fully extended at shoulder level in front of them, with the palms upwards, and hold the position. If they

neg: Euler–Bernoulli beam theory are located between two segments, there are four boundary conditions, two for the lower segment, and two for the upper. When forces and torques are applied to one end of the beam, there are two boundary conditions given which apply at that end. The sign of the point forces and torques at an end will be positive for the lower end, negative for the upper end. Applied loads may be represented either through boundary conditions or through the function formula_141 which represents an external distributed load. Using distributed loading is often favorable for simplicity. Boundary conditions are, however, often used

neg: Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression hypothesis, that physiological hyperarousal will distinguish anxiety from depression, which is related to positive affect. Another study by Joiner et al. (1999), analyzed the construct validity of physiological hyperarousal. Data was collected from samples of psychotherapy outpatients, air force cadets, and undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that psychological hyperarousal is a reliable, replicable, valid, and discriminable construct. Positive affect is a dimension that reflects one's level of pleasurable engagement with their environment. High positive affect is made up of enthusiasm, energy level, mental alertness, interest, joy, social dominance, adventurousness, and activeness. In contrast, a low level of positive affect,

neg: Primitive reflexes grasp of it may be able to support the child's weight, they may also release their grip suddenly and without warning. The reverse motion can be induced by stroking the back or side of the hand. A plantar reflex is a normal reflex that involves plantar flexion of the foot, which moves toes away from the shin and curls them down. An abnormal plantar reflex (aka Babinski Sign) occurs when upper motor neuron control over the flexion reflex circuit is interrupted. This results in a dorsiflexion of the foot (foot angles towards the shin, big toe curls up). This also

neg: Lipoprotein under normal, stable physiological conditions, HDL has been shown to be beneficial in a number of ways. LDL contains apolipoprotein B (apoB), which allows LDL to bind to different tissues, such as the artery wall. Once bound, LDL can undergo Beta oxidation, and this can cause a harmful inflammatory response in the body. Normal functioning HDL is able to prevent the process of oxidation of LDL and the subsequent inflammatory processes seen after oxidation. Lipopolysaccharide, or LPS, is the major pathogenic factor on the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria has a similar component named Lipoteichoic acid, or LTA.

neg: Astroblastoma pathways associated with normal housekeeping. Furthermore, the absence of chromosome function in 9q, 10, and X were not observed in other types of neoplasms, such as an ependymoma. Specific neuronal markers further distinguish astroblastoma. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positive, NSE negative, synaptophysin negative, neurofilament negative, TUJ1 positive, and nestin positive have been expressed in astroblastoma cell populations, showing significant promise in neuronal stem cell treatment for the tumor. The majority of patients with astroblastoma display a limited set of physical and physiological symptoms. Rare cases in literature reveal atypical conditions, but these are often exclusive to the individual and do not

neg: Physiological plant disorder Physiological plant disorder Physiological plant disorders are caused by non-pathological conditions such as poor light, adverse weather, water-logging, phytotoxic compounds or a lack of nutrients, and affect the functioning of the plant system. Physiological disorders are distinguished from plant diseases caused by pathogens, such as a virus or fungus. While the symptoms of physiological disorders may appear disease-like, they can usually be prevented by altering environmental conditions. However, once a plant shows symptoms of a physiological disorder it is likely that, that season’s growth or yield will be reduced. Diagnosis of the cause of a physiological disorder (or disease) can

neg: Dre Babinski discussing Steady Holiday's Coachella performance, she tells a writer for Amy Poehler's Smart Girls, that in regards to her former outlook on life, "I wish someone would have thrown a bucket of water on me and explained that the ‘tortured artist’ cliche is just that." Dre Babinski Andrea "Dre" Babinski (born August 26, 1985) is a Los Angeles-based actor, singer, songwriter, violinist, and guitarist, best known as the indie-pop solo-act Steady Holiday. Other notable work from Babinski includes recording and touring as violinist and backing vocalist for Dusty Rhodes and the River Band, and as one-half of the musical duo

neg: Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression Physiological hyperarousal is defined by increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, in response to threat. Physiological hyperarousal is unique to anxiety disorders. Some symptoms of physiological hyperarousal include: shortness of breath, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, dry mouth, trembling or shaking, and sweaty palms. Compared to negative affect and positive affect, physiological hyperarousal has been studied less. Chorpita et al. (2000), proposed an affect and arousal scale in order to measure the tripartite factors of emotion in children and adolescents. In this study, physiological hyperarousal was positively correlated with negative affect but not positive affect. This supports the tripartite model

neg: Host microbe interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans the environmental conditions and thus induce a physiological response in the host. Beneficial bacteria can have a positive effect on the lifespan, generate certain pathogen resistances, or influence the development of "C. elegans". The lifespan of "C. elegans" is prolonged when grown on plates with "Pseudomonas sp." or "Bacillus megaterium" compared to individuals living on "E.coli". The lifespan extension mediated by "B. megaterium" is greater than that caused by "Pseudomonas sp.". As determined by microarray analysis (a method, which allows the identification of "C. elegans" genes that are differentially expressed in response to different bacteria), 14 immune defence genes were

neg: Hemopressin VD-Hpβ, is also an agonist at CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin is not an endogenous peptide but rather an extraction artefact [Bauer M, Chicca A, Tamborrini M, Eisen D, Lerner R, Lutz B, Poetz O, Pluschke G, Gertsch J. Identification and quantification of a new family of peptide endocannabinoids (Pepcans) showing negative allosteric modulation at CB1 receptors. J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 26;287(44):36944-67. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.382481. Epub 2012 Sep 5.]. The only endogenous peptide found endogenously at physiological conditions is RVD-hemopressin (pepcan-12), which has more recently been shown to be a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 receptors and positive allosteric modulator of

neg: Ultrasensitivity formula_29 and formula_30 where formula_32 and When the formula_28 is plotted against the molar ratio formula_38 and formula_39 it can be seen that the W to W' conversion occurs over a much smaller change in the formula_28 ratio than it would under first order (non-saturating) conditions, which is the telltale sign of ultrasensitivity. Positive feedback loops can cause ultrasensitive responses. An example of this is seen in the transcription of certain eukaryotic genes in which non-cooperative transcription factor binding changes positive feedback loops of histone modification that results in an ultrasensitive activation of transcription. The binding of a transcription factor

neg: Conditioned taste aversion the timing and the human may avoid steak because he has developed a learned taste aversion to the steak. When examining taste avoidance, however, the rat may avoid a food yet still enjoy it and choose it over others. In further tests, the rats were tested with another sucrose solution but this time it was paired with a drug that gave positive, euphoric effects, such as amphetamine, cocaine, and morphine. The rats showed positive reactions to the drugs. However, rats react to any change in physiological state as a sign of danger and avoided approaching these solutions. When one of

neg: Determination extrinsic motivation and self-regulation. More specifically, self-determination theory proposes that social and cultural factors influence an individual’s sense of personal volition and initiative in regards to goals, performance and well-being. High levels of determination and personal volition are supported by conditions that foster autonomy (e.g., individual has multiple options/choices), competence (e.g., positive feedback) and relatedness (e.g., stable connection to the group an individual is working within). Emotions researchers continue to search for specific physiological patterns associated with discrete positive emotions; however, the frequent blending of emotions makes drawing such distinctions difficult. In relation to challenge and determination, psychologists have concluded

neg: Blindsight (Watts novel) vision is non-functional in the conscious brain but remains useful to non-conscious action. Other conditions, such as Cotard delusion and Anton–Babinski syndrome, are used to illustrate differences from the usual assumptions about conscious experience. The novel raises questions about the essential character of consciousness. Is the interior experience of consciousness necessary, or is externally observed behavior the sole determining characteristic of conscious experience? Is an interior emotional experience necessary for empathy, or is empathic behavior sufficient to possess empathy? Relevant to these questions is a plot element near the climax of the story, in which the vampire captain is revealed

neg: Physiological plant disorder biological systems such as cover crops, intercropping, improved fallows, ley cropping, permaculture, or crop rotation. Nutrient (or mineral) deficiencies include: Physiological plant disorder Physiological plant disorders are caused by non-pathological conditions such as poor light, adverse weather, water-logging, phytotoxic compounds or a lack of nutrients, and affect the functioning of the plant system. Physiological disorders are distinguished from plant diseases caused by pathogens, such as a virus or fungus. While the symptoms of physiological disorders may appear disease-like, they can usually be prevented by altering environmental conditions. However, once a plant shows symptoms of a physiological disorder it is likely

neg: Sublime (philosophy) due to the absence of beauty. Burke's treatise is also notable for focusing on the physiological effects of sublimity, in particular the dual emotional quality of fear and attraction that other authors noted. Burke described the sensation attributed to sublimity as a "negative pain", which he denominated "delight" and which is distinct from positive pleasure. "Delight" is thought to result from the removal of pain, caused by confronting a sublime object, and supposedly is more intense than positive pleasure. Though Burke's explanations for the physiological effects of sublimity, e. g. tension resulting from eye strain, were not seriously considered by

neg: Serine Serine Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated − form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated – form in physiological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group (see hydroxyl), classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC. This compound is one of

neg: Second partial derivative test and formula_13 are the principal minors of the Hessian. The first two conditions listed above on the signs of these minors are the conditions for the positive or negative definiteness of the Hessian. For the general case of an arbitrary number "n" of variables, there are "n" sign conditions on the "n" principal minors of the Hessian matrix that together are equivalent to positive or negative definiteness of the Hessian (Sylvester's criterion): for a local minimum, all the principal minors need to be positive, while for a local maximum, the minors with an odd number of rows and columns need

neg: Dormancy is dormancy imposed by the external environment. "Correlated inhibition" is a kind of physiological dormancy maintained by agents or conditions originating within the plant, but not within the dormant tissue itself. "Rest" (winter dormancy) is a kind of physiological dormancy maintained by agents or conditions within the organ itself. However, physiological subdivisions of dormancy do not coincide with the morphological dormancy found in white spruce ("Picea glauca") and other conifers (Owens et al. 1977). Physiological dormancy often includes early stages of bud-scale initiation before measurable shoot elongation or before flushing. It may also include late leaf initiation after shoot elongation

neg: Seduction to as paradoxical exhibition. The main goal of seduction whether it is active under conscious or unconscious mechanisms is to impress the desired partner and display positive characteristics that are likely to be attractive, and to repress undesirable characteristics. Within the interactive seduction game, non-verbal communication is a prominent feature in accessing the desirable potential mate. The purpose of this communication is to reduce the interpersonal distance between the desired individuals. Physiological features such as pupil dilation are a salient cue, expressing attraction. Leading on from this, eye contact is a very notable sign of attraction. Although there are cross

neg: Atracurium besilate provided precisely this basis: It is a chemical process in which a suitably activated quaternary ammonium compound can be degraded by the mildly alkaline conditions present at physiological pH and temperature. In effect, Hofmann elimination is a retro-Michael addition chemical process. It is important to note here that the physiological process of Hofmann "elimination" differs from the non-physiological Hofmann "degradation" process: the latter is a chemical reaction in which a quaternary ammonium hydroxide solid salt is heated to 100 °C, or an aqueous solution of the salt is boiled. Regardless of which Hofmann process is referenced, the end-products in both

neg: Physiological anisocoria tests, it should be considered a developmental or genetic phenomenon. Asymmetric pupil or dyscoria, potential causes of anisocoria, refer to an abnormal shape of the pupil which can happens due to developmental and intrauterine anomalies. When you shine light in the abnormal eye and it remains dilated then it’s a pathological small pupil Physiological anisocoria Physiological anisocoria is when human pupils differ in size. It is generally considered to be benign, though it must be distinguished from Congenital Horner's syndrome, pharmacological dilatation or other conditions connected to the sympathetic nervous system. The prevalence of physiological anisocoria has not been found

neg: Dre Babinski June 24, 2016 Babinski released Steady Holiday’s debut album, now officially titled "Under The Influence", on Brooklyn label Infinite Best Recordings. The album was produced by Gus Seyffert, and features Josh Adams (Jenny Lewis) on drums. Dre described working with Seyffert as an incredible experience, telling a writer that the producer “has such a command over his space...I would have ideas and we were able to capture them in the moment.” Babinski would soon form a live band featuring Brijesh Pandya, Derek Howa and reuniting with brother Brad Babinski, who all came from the band Air Life, and Alina Cutrono,

neg: Histamine side chain is the 'pros' nitrogen and is denoted by the pi sign. The tele tautomer, "N-H"-histamine, is preferred in solution as compared to the pros tautomer, "N-H"-histamine. Histamine has two basic centres, namely the aliphatic amino group and whichever nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring does not already have a proton. Under physiological conditions, the aliphatic amino group (having a p"K" around 9.4) will be protonated, whereas the second nitrogen of the imidazole ring (p"K" ≈ 5.8) will not be protonated. Thus, histamine is normally protonated to a singly charged cation. Histamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Histamine is derived

neg: Vincent's theorem proofs can be found in the work by Alesina and Galuzzi. A fourth proof is due to Ostrowski who rediscovered a special case of a theorem stated by Obreschkoff, p. 81, in 1920–1923. To prove (both versions of) Vincent's theorem Alesina and Galuzzi show that after a series of transformations mentioned in the theorem, a polynomial with one positive root eventually has one sign variation. To show this, they use the following corollary to the theorem by Obreschkoff of 1920–1923 mentioned earlier; that is, the following corollary gives the necessary conditions under which a polynomial with one positive root has

neg: Hessian matrix positive-definite, as formula_11 if formula_12 is any vector whose sole non-zero entry is its first. The second derivative test consists here of sign restrictions of the determinants of a certain set of "n – m" submatrices of the bordered Hessian. Intuitively, one can think of the "m" constraints as reducing the problem to one with "n – m" free variables. (For example, the maximization of subject to the constraint can be reduced to the maximization of without constraint.) Specifically, sign conditions are imposed on the sequence of leading principal minors (determinants of upper-left-justified sub-matrices) of the bordered Hessian, for which

neg: Robin boundary condition dimension, if, for example, Ω = [0,1], the Robin boundary condition becomes the conditions: Notice the change of sign in front of the term involving a derivative: that is because the normal to [0,1] at 0 points in the negative direction, while at 1 it points in the positive direction. Robin boundary conditions are commonly used in solving Sturm–Liouville problems which appear in many contexts in science and engineering. In addition, the Robin boundary condition is a general form of the insulating boundary condition for convection–diffusion equations. Here, the convective and diffusive fluxes at the boundary sum to zero: where

neg: Upper motor neuron contraction/relaxation of a muscle), and an extensor plantar response known as the Babinski sign. Upper motor neuron Upper motor neurons (UMNs) are the main source of voluntary movement. They are found in the brain and carry motor information down the spinal cord to activate the lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract. They are a type of giant pyramidal cell called "Betz cells" and are found just below the surface of the cerebral cortex within layer V of the primary motor cortex. The cell bodies of "Betz cell" neurons are the largest in the brain, approaching

neg: Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human composed by many sub-models, each describing the relevant phenomena taking place at one of the many dimensional scales involved, this incredibly complex problem may be solved. VPHOP will realize "P2 medicine" for osteoporosis patients. Predictive: multiscale models, representing skeletal mechanobiology, from the whole body down to the molecular constituents, to simulate skeletal loading in various conditions and predict bone failure. Personalised: The multiscale model is personalised using information which is to the patient. The more information which is available the more personalised becomes the model. Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human VPHOP or the Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human is a European osteoporosis

neg: Dre Babinski Dusty Rhodes and the River Band were an indie-rock group from Anaheim, California, fronted by Dustin Apodaca, with Dre Babinski, Kyle Divine, Edson Choi, Eric Chirco, and Brad Babinski (Dre's brother). Their first full-length album "First You Live", was produced by Mars Volta keyboardist Isaiah "Ikey" Owens and released on October 19, 2007 on SideOneDummy Records, with "The Orange County Register" naming it "best album to come out of Orange County in 2007." Babinski (on backing vocals and violin) performed on two more albums with the band, and toured nationally, playing with acts like Dirty Pretty Things, Brand New, Gogol

neg: Primitive reflexes occurs in babies under c. 1 year, because of low myelination of the corticospinal tracts. As these tracts develop to adult form, the flexion-reflex circuit is inhibited by the descending corticospinal inputs, and the normal plantar reflex develops. Also known as the Babinski reflex, this is a sign of neurological abnormality in adults (e.g., upper motor neuron lesion). The Galant reflex, also known as "Galant's infantile reflex", is present at birth and fades between the ages of four to six months. When the skin along the side of an infant's back is stroked, the infant will swing towards the side

neg: Hoffmann's reflex if its presence is asymmetrical, or has an acute onset. Another significant difference between Hoffmann's reflex and the Babinski sign are their mechanism of reflex. Hoffmann's reflex is a deep tendon reflex (spindle fibre) with a monosynaptic reflex pathway in Rexed lamina IX of the spinal cord, normally fully inhibited by descending input. On the other hand, the plantar reflex is more complicated and not a deep tendon reflex, and its pathway is both more complicated and not fully understood. Different sorts of lesions may interrupt them. This fact has led some neurologists to reject strongly any analogies between the

neg: Jules Froment de guerre", and was considered controversial at the time. Also with Babiński, Froment is credited with describing a disease characterized by a combination of vasomotor disorders, muscular atrophy and tissue damage. It is now known as Babinski-Froment syndrome. Froment is credited with devising a series of tests for nerve dysfunction, including a simple way to test ulnar nerve weakness in the hand (known as Froment's sign): if a patient holds a sheet of paper between thumb and index finger and the thumb flexes, this indicates ulnar nerve palsy. This test is used to assess the condition of the adductor pollicis

neg: Aldolase B respectively. The ΔG°’ of this reaction is +23.9 kJ/mol. Though the reaction may seem too uphill to occur, it is of note that under physiological conditions, the ΔG of the reaction falls to close to or below zero. For example, the ΔG of this reaction under physiological conditions in erythrocytes is -0.23 kJ/mol. Aldolase B is a homotetrameric enzyme, composed of four subunits with molecular weights of 36 kDa with local 222 symmetry. Each subunit has a molecular weight of 36 kDa and contains an eight-stranded α/β barrel, which encloses lysine 229 (the Schiff-base forming amino acid that is key

neg: Humour as an enjoyable and positive experience, so it would be reasonable to assume that it humour might have some positive physiological effects on the body. A study designed to test the positive physiological effects of humour, the relationship between being exposed to humour and pain tolerance in particular, was conducted in 1994 by Karen Zwyer, Barbara Velker, and Willibald Ruch. To test the effects of humour on pain tolerance the test subjects were first exposed to a short humorous video clip and then exposed to the Cold Press Test. To identify the aspects of humour which might contribute to an

neg: Symptom than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of them are at least suggestive of certain diagnoses, helping to narrow down what may be wrong. In other cases they are specific even to the point of being pathognomonic. The term is sometimes also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to "symptoms of pregnancy". Many people use the term sign and symptom interchangeably. Symptoms may be briefly acute or a more prolonged but acute or chronic, relapsing or remitting. Asymptomatic conditions also exist (e.g. subclinical infections and silent diseases like

neg: Anton–Babinski syndrome of Nothing". In Lars von Trier's film "Dogville", the character Jack McKay acts as if he can see but gives many signs he can't. The syndrome is also the main theme of the Malaysian movie "Desolasi" (Desolation), where the patients live in their own world of imagination, while unable to see the real world. Anton–Babinski syndrome Anton–Babinski syndrome, also known as Anton's blindness and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. Those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness,

neg: Flourishing attention, broaden behavioral repertoires, which means to broaden one's skills or regularly performed actions, increase intuition, and increase creativity. Secondly, good feelings can have physiological manifestations, such as significant and positive cardiovascular effects, such as a reduction in blood pressure. Third, good feelings predict healthy mental and physical outcomes. Also, positive affect and flourishing is related to longevity. The many components of flourishing elicit more tangible outcomes than simply mental or physiological results. For example, components such as self-efficacy, likability, and prosocial behavior encourage active involvement with goal pursuits and with the environment. This promotes people to pursue and approach

neg: Thermal comfort of unpleasantness to a state of pleasantness, and the scientific term for it is positive thermal alliesthesia. From a state of thermal neutrality or comfort any change will be perceived as unpleasant. This challenges the assumption that mechanically controlled buildings should deliver uniform temperatures and comfort, if it is at the cost of excluding thermal pleasure. Since there are large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, it is hard to find an optimal temperature for everyone in a given space. Laboratory and field data have been collected to define conditions that will be found

neg: Portsmouth sign likely to be significantly fluid depleted and in urgent need of aggressive fluid resuscitation. This sign is part of a number of 'early warning' signs that can be used to promptly detect abnormal physiological states. MEWS score Hypotension Portsmouth sign Portsmouth sign refers to a situation in which the systolic blood pressure (SBP) reading (measured in mmHg) falls below that of the heart rate (HR) (measured in beats per minute). It typically signifies a worrying clinical prognosis, specifically caused by shock. The sign takes its name from physicians working at Portsmouth University who first described the sign in the context

neg: Plantar reflex prompts detailed neurological investigations, including CT scanning of the brain or MRI of the spine, as well as lumbar puncture for the study of cerebrospinal fluid. The phrase "negative Babinski sign" is sometimes used for the normal flexor plantar response. Infants will usually show an extensor response. In one study of 256 healthy infants, the response to testing was extensor in 73.8%, flexor in 8.9%, and equivocal in 17.3% This extensor response occurs because the corticospinal pathways that run from the brain down the spinal cord are not fully myelinated at this age, so the reflex is not inhibited by

neg: Dre Babinski efforts, a spokesperson for Ford Modeling Agency has referred to Babinski's Instagram profile as having “fantastic taste”. Babinski explains that her fashion is influenced by Ty Dolla $ign, and when composing imagery, prefers to be placed into "otherworldly" and "intricate" scenery. Babinski has been described by herself and others as having a "self-deprecating sense of humor", and in interviews has expressed difficulty in taking ownership of her success, and concern about the stress of her "own neuroses". Crediting her turnaround to a "personal evolution", Dre has since began taking her health seriously, and focusing on her relationships and awareness. While

neg: Hereditary folate malabsorption secondary structure has been established and consists of twelve transmembrane domains with the N- and C- termini directed into the cytoplasm. The properties of this transporter and its physiological and pharmacological roles were recently reviewed. Elements of PCFT regulation have been described and include the minimal promoter, Vitamin D and NRF1 response elements. PCFT operates most efficiently when there is a strong transmembrane pH gradient. Under these conditions transport of a folate molecule across the cell membrane is accompanied by a sufficient number of protons to result a positive charge and current mediated by the ternary carrier complex. It is

neg: Sign (mathematics) Most programming languages normally treat positive zero and negative zero as equivalent values, albeit, they provide means by which the distinction can be detected. In addition to the sign of a real number, the word sign is also used in various related ways throughout mathematics and the sciences: Sign (mathematics) In mathematics, the concept of sign originates from the property of every real number being either positive or negative or Zero. Depending on local conventions, zero is either considered as being neither a positive, nor a negative number (having no sign, or a specific sign of its own), or as

neg: Palinopsia distinguished from physiological afterimages, a common and benign phenomenon. Physiological afterimages appear when viewing a bright stimulus and shifting visual focus. For example, after staring at a computer screen and looking away, a vague afterimage of the screen remains in the visual field. A stimulus consistently produces the same afterimage, which is dependent on the stimulus intensity and contrast, the time of fixation, and the retinal adaptation state. Physiological afterimages are usually the complementary color of the original stimulus (negative afterimage), while palinoptic afterimages are usually the same color as the original stimulus (positive afterimage). There is some ambiguity between

neg: Alfred Fröhlich of "dystrophia adiposogenitalis", of which he published a paper titled "Ein Fall von Tumor der Hypophysis cerebri ohne Akromegalie". This disorder is characterized by feminine obesity along with retarded sexual maturity, and is caused by tumors of the pituitary. In honor of his discovery, this condition was to become known as "Fröhlich's syndrome". It is sometimes referred to as Babinski-Fröhlich syndrome, named in conjunction with Joseph Babinski, who gave an independent description of the disease a year earlier in 1900. Alfred Fröhlich Alfred Fröhlich (August 15, 1871 – March 22, 1953) was an Austrian-American pharmacologist and neurologist born in Vienna.

neg: Jean Nageotte of spinal nerves, and did extensive work with nerve grafting. In addition he investigated tabes dorsalis, and with Joseph Babinski (1857–1932), the Babinski-Nageotte syndrome was described. This syndrome is a complex of symptoms associated with medullary lesions. He documented this disorder in a treatise called "Hémiasynergie, latéropulsion et miosis bulbaire". Also with Babinski, he co-wrote a book on cerebrospinal fluid. In his 1910 article, he surmised that glial cells behaves like an endocrine organ and secretes several molecules into the blood. Albeit the importance of this proposal had not been recognized in his time, today we know that glias have

neg: Beta distribution is defined as the derivative of the digamma function: These conditions are equivalent to stating that the variances of the logarithmically transformed variables are positive, since: Therefore, the condition of negative curvature at a maximum is equivalent to the statements: Alternatively, the condition of negative curvature at a maximum is also equivalent to stating that the following logarithmic derivatives of the geometric means "G" and "G" are positive, since: While these slopes are indeed positive, the other slopes are negative: The slopes of the mean and the median with respect to "α" and "β" display similar sign behavior. From the

neg: Progressive muscular atrophy be slowly progressive ALS many years later, sometimes even decades after the initial diagnosis. The occurrence of upper motor neurone symptoms such as brisk reflexes, spasticity, or a Babinski sign would indicate a progression to ALS; the correct diagnosis is also occasionally made on autopsy. Since its initial description in 1850, there has been debate in the scientific literature over whether PMA is a distinct disease with its own characteristics, or if lies somewhere on a spectrum with ALS, PLS, and PBP. Jean-Martin Charcot, who first described ALS in 1870, felt that PMA was a separate condition, with degeneration of

neg: Cooperative binding to A changes the binding affinity of the second B molecule, making it more or less likely to bind. In other words, the binding of B molecules to the different sites on A do not constitute mutually independent events. Cooperativity can be positive or negative. Cooperative binding is observed in many biopolymers, including proteins and nucleic acids. Cooperative binding has been shown to be the mechanism underlying a large range of biochemical and physiological processes. In 1904, Christian Bohr studied hemoglobin binding to oxygen under different conditions. When plotting hemoglobin saturation with oxygen as a function of the partial pressure

neg: Primary lateral sclerosis for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and ALS. Imaging studies to rule out structural or demyelinating lesions may be done as well. Hoffman's sign and Babinski reflex may be present and indicative of upper motor neuron damage. Treatment for individuals with PLS is symptomatic. Baclofen and tizanidine may reduce spasticity. Quinine or phenytoin may decrease cramps. Some patients who do not receive adequate relief from oral treatment may consider intrathecal baclofen (i.e., infusion of medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid via a surgically placed continuous infusion pump). However, patients are carefully selected for this type of procedure to ensure that they

neg: Treadmilling particular orientation. As a consequence, the actin filaments are also structurally polar. Elongating the actin filament occurs when free-actin (G-actin) bound to ATP associates with the filament. Under physiological conditions, it is easier for G-actin to associate at the positive end of the filament, and harder at the negative end. However, it is possible to elongate the filament at either end. Association of G-actin into F-actin is regulated by the critical concentration outlined below. Actin polymerization can further be regulated by profilin and cofilin. Cofilin functions by binding to ADP-actin on the negative end of the filament, destabilizing it, and

neg: Insect development during storage to the pathologist is to “collect and identify the arthropods associated with such cases and to analyze entomological data for interpreting insect evidence.” Bodies may be stored in coolers or refrigeration units, for various time intervals, ranging from hours to days. Two types of mortuary room may be used: positive and negative temperature morgues. Two main physiological responses to low temperature are diapause and quiescence. Diapause is a feature that insects use to synchronize their development within their life cycle with seasonal cycles of the environment. It has evolved to help insects respond to adverse environmental conditions by delaying their

neg: Physiological anisocoria Physiological anisocoria Physiological anisocoria is when human pupils differ in size. It is generally considered to be benign, though it must be distinguished from Congenital Horner's syndrome, pharmacological dilatation or other conditions connected to the sympathetic nervous system. The prevalence of physiological anisocoria has not been found to be influenced by the sex, age, or iris color of the subject. The main characteristic that distinguishes physiological anisocoria is an increase of pupil size with lower light or reduced illumination, such that the pupils differ in size between the two eyes. At any given eye examination, up to 41% of healthy

neg: Fear appeal According to the self-efficacy theory, diminishing emotional arousal can reduce avoidance behavior. Physiological arousal has been predicted to have both positive and negative effects on beneficial or negative coping behaviors. A positive perception of an aroused state may energize, while a negative perception of an aroused state may inhibit coping behaviors. Physiological arousal has been predicted to have both positive and negative effects on beneficial or negative coping behaviors. A positive perception of an aroused state may energize, while a negative perception of an aroused state may inhibit coping behaviors. Perceived treatment efficacy is also referred to as response-outcome expectancies.

neg: Polyvagal theory illnesses and medical complications that compromise the CNS. These complications may reduce one's capacity to respond to stress appropriately. Vagal tone has been used in medical and psychological research to better understand the physiological underpinnings of various disorders. Healthy human fetuses have a high variability in heart rate, which is mediated by the vagus. On the other hand, heart rate decelerations, which are also mediated by the vagus, are a sign of fetal distress. More specifically, prolonged withdrawal of vagal influence on the heart creates a physiological vulnerability to the influence of the Dorsal Vagal Control, which in turn produces

neg: Physioeconomics experimental economics, the following conditions were placed on the measurement methodology: Physiological parameters that satisfy these conditions are particularly good, the electrodermal activity, heart rate and blood pressure. While the focus so Neuroeconomics with neural activities in economic decision situations that are in the research Economics exclusively for Physio-physiological parameters. Physioeconomics Physioeconomics (or physio-economics) is an extension of experimental economics research that collects physiological parameters in addition to recording behavior. These measures can include skin conductance, blood pressure and the pulse of the subject. Experiments typically present subjects with economic decisions in a game–like context. The term has also been

neg: Seed dormancy some seeds, where dormancy is caused by both exogenous (physical) and endogenous (physiological) conditions. some "Iris" species have both hard impermeable seeds coats and physiological dormancy. Secondary dormancy occurs in some non-dormant and post dormant seeds that are exposed to conditions that are not favorable for germination, like high temperatures. It is caused by conditions that occur after the seed has been dispersed. The mechanisms of secondary dormancy are not yet fully understood but might involve the loss of sensitivity in receptors in the plasma membrane. Not all seeds undergo a period of dormancy, many species of plants release their

neg: Shapiro - Senapathy Algorithm (S&S) in the Molecular characterization and evolution of carnivorous sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) class V b-1,3-glucanase. Unspliced (LSDH) and spliced (SSDH) transcripts of NAD+ dependent sorbitol dehydroge nase (NADSDH) of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch., cv. Nyoho) were investigated for phytohormonal treatments. Ambra1 is a positive regulator of autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradative process involved both in physiological and pathological conditions. Nowadays, Ambra1 has been characterized only in mammals and zebrafish. Diminution of "rbm24a" or "rbm24b" gene products by morpholino knockdown resulted in significant disruption of somite formation in mouse and zebrafish. Dr.Senapathy algorithm used extensively to study intron-exon organization of fut8

neg: PET117 in Complex IV biogenesis, interacting with MR-1S and possibly other Complex IV structural subunits. The presence of PET100 is required for this interaction. The only reported mutation in the "PET117" gene was a homozygous nonsense mutation (c. 172 C>T) in two sister patients. Both were diagnosed with Complex IV deficiency and had lesions in their medulla oblongata, along with lactic acidosis. Symptoms in the older sister included abnormal motor development, regression in speech and motor skills after age ten, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, and pyramidal signs with positive Babinski response. The younger sister had protein losing enteropathy (PLE), recurrent respiratory infections, neutropenia,

neg: Cytochalasin B The oligomerization is the rate-determining step, considering actin filament formation as a whole. The so-called lag phase of actin polymerization originates from this step. It takes quite a while until polymerization starts, but once it has, the process is autocatalytic until the physiological maximum of the polymerization rate is reached. Elongation is favored at the barbed end of the growing filament. Here, the influence of cytochalasin B strongly depends on the overall conditions for elongation. If physiological ideal conditions are present, the inhibitory influence of cytochalasin B is minuscule. If the conditions are less optimal, elongation can be inhibited by

neg: Psychological resilience more access to these positive emotional resources. Social support from caring adults encouraged resilience among participants by providing them with access to conventional activities. Positive emotions not only have physical outcomes but also physiological ones. Some physiological outcomes caused by humor include improvements in immune system functioning and increases in levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, a vital system antibody, which serves as the body's first line of defense in respiratory illnesses. Moreover, other health outcomes include faster injury recovery rate and lower readmission rates to hospitals for the elderly, and reductions in a patient's stay in the hospital, among many

neg: Anton–Babinski syndrome found to collide with pieces of furniture, to fall over objects, and to experience difficulty in finding his way around. They may try to walk through a wall or through a closed door on his way from one room to another. Suspicion is still further alerted when they begin to describe people and objects around them which, as a matter of fact, are not there at all. Thus we have the twin symptoms of anosognosia (or lack of awareness of defect) and confabulation, the latter affecting both speech and behaviour. Anton–Babinski syndrome may be thought of ideally as the opposite

neg: Atkinson–Mingarelli theorem continuously differentiable and "y" satisfies the equation ()"' at all except a finite number of points in ("a","b"). The unknown function "y" is typically required to satisfy some boundary conditions at "a" and "b". The boundary conditions under consideration here are usually called "separated boundary conditions" and they are of the form: where the formula_1, "i" = 1, 2 are real numbers. We define Assume that "p"("x") has a finite number of sign changes and that the positive (resp. negative) part of the function "p"("x")/"w"("x") defined by formula_2, (resp. formula_3 are not identically zero functions over I. Then the eigenvalue

neg: Joseph Babinski his medical degree from the University of Paris in 1884. He came early to Professor Charcot at Paris' "Salpêtrière" Hospital and became his favorite student. Charcot's 1893 death left Babinski without support, and he subsequently never participated in qualifying academic competitions. Free of teaching duties, while working at the "Hôpital de la Pitié" he was left with ample time to devote himself to clinical neurology. He was a masterful clinician, minimally dependent on neuropathological examinations and laboratory tests. Babinski also took an interest in the pathogenesis of hysteria and was the first to present acceptable differential-diagnostic criteria for separating hysteria

neg: Perceptual transparency made the major contribution to the problem. Like his forecomers, Metelli faces the problem from a phenomenical more than from a physiological point of view. In other words, he did not investigate which are the physiological algorithms or the brain networks underlying transparency perception, but studied and classified the conditions under which a transparency illusion is generated. In doing so, Metelli marks an approach to the problem that will be followed by many scientists after him. The model is based on the idea that the perceptual colour scission following transparency is the opposite of colour fusion in a rotating episcotister,

neg: Hessian matrix of (–1). A sufficient condition for a local "minimum" is that all of these minors have the sign of (–1). (In the unconstrained case of "m"=0 these conditions coincide with the conditions for the unbordered Hessian to be negative definite or positive definite respectively). If is instead a vector field , i.e. then the collection of second partial derivatives is not a matrix, but rather a third order tensor. This can be thought of as an array of Hessian matrices, one for each component of : This tensor degenerates to the usual Hessian matrix when = 1. In the context

neg: Manakov system equation version is often very useful. It is as follows: One may make further substitutions and simplifications, depending on the limits used and the assumptions about boundary or initial conditions. One important concept is that formula_8 is complex; assumptions must be made about this eigenvalue parameter. If a non-zero solution is desired, the imaginary part of the eigenvalue cannot change sign; accordingly, most researchers take the imaginary part to be positive. Manakov system Maxwell's Equations, when converted to cylindrical coordinates, and with the boundary conditions for an optical fiber while including birefringence as an effect taken into account, will yield