query: where does body get energy from when fasting

pos: Starvation response consumption by cells located on the periphery of biofilm clusters and by reduced diffusion of substrates through the biofilm. Biofilm bacteria shows extreme tolerance to almost all antibiotic classes, and supplying limiting substrates can restore sensitivity. "Starvation mode" is a state in which the body responds to prolonged periods of low energy intake. During short periods of energy abstinence, the human body burns primarily free fatty acids from body fat stores, along with small amounts of muscle tissue to provide required glucose for the brain. After prolonged periods of starvation the body has depleted its body fat and begins to

neg: Dieting increased long-term weight reduction. (References given in main article.) Fasting is when there is a long time interval between the meals. In dieting, fasting is not recommended, instead, having small portions of food after small intervals is encouraged. Lengthy fasting can also be dangerous due to the risk of malnutrition and should be carried out only under medical supervision. During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of the brain, causes the body to deplete its glycogen stores. Once glycogen is depleted the body begins to fuel the brain using ketones,

neg: Fasting adoration of Thakurs (stones) one remains away from Hari engaged in the Maya and omens. Without the Guru's word in the company of Saints one does not get refuge no matter how good one looks."" (Bhai Gurdas Ji, Vaar 7) The "bigu" (辟谷 "avoiding grains") fasting practice originated as a Daoist technique for becoming a "xian" (仙 "transcendent; immortal"), and later became a Traditional Chinese medicine cure for the "sanshi" (三尸 "Three Corpses; the malevolent, life-shortening spirits that supposedly reside in the human body"). Chinese interpretations of avoiding "gu" "grains; cereals" have varied historically; meanings range from not eating particular

neg: Harp seal help prevent heat loss through their flippers. A thick coat of blubber insulates its body and provides energy when food is scarce or during fasting. Blubber also streamlines its body for more efficient swimming. Brown fat warms blood as it returns from the body surface as well as providing energy, most importantly for newly-weaned pups. Flippers act as heat exchangers, warming or cooling the seal as needed. On ice, the seal can press its fore-flippers to its body and its hind-flippers together to reduce heat loss. They can also redirect blood flow from the periphery to minimize heat loss. The

neg: Diet-induced obesity model either the gain of body weight or body fat. The body weight gain is quantified using the difference in the raw mass of the animal or in the Lee index (an index similar to the BMI in humans). The body fat gain is quantified either indirectly through the weight gain, or directly using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. When studying effects of obesity on diabetes, a fasting blood sugar test is also done before and after the diet. Scientists have successfully induced obesity in animals using a wide range of diets. Although generally diets containing more than 30% of total energy from

neg: Fasting veggie meal around 5 o'clock is taken. Water can be taken any time as needed. If health does not permit fasting for a whole day, for example with Diabetes, careful planning is done to reduce or skip one meal. Since the mid 1970s alternative medicine has perpetuated ideas of "cleansing the body" through fasting. Fasting Fasting is the willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time. An absolute fast or dry fasting is normally defined as abstinence from all food and liquid for a defined period. Water fasting refers to abstinence

neg: Intermittent fasting such as body fat, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure. Alternate day fasting does not appear to affect lean body mass. Intermittent fasting may reduce rapid eye movement sleep, but other effects on brain function remain undetermined. There is no evidence that fasting can prevent or treat cancer. Understanding the potential adverse effects of intermittent fasting is limited by an inadequate number of rigorous clinical trials. One 2015 review of low-quality clinical studies found that short-term intermittent fasting may produce minor adverse effects, such as continuous feelings of weakness and hunger, headaches, fainting, or dehydration. Long-term fasting may cause

neg: Energy the resulting energy states are related to the frequency by Planck's relation: formula_3 (where formula_4 is Planck's constant and formula_5 the frequency). In the case of an electromagnetic wave these energy states are called quanta of light or photons. When calculating kinetic energy (work to accelerate a massive body from zero speed to some finite speed) relativistically – using Lorentz transformations instead of Newtonian mechanics – Einstein discovered an unexpected by-product of these calculations to be an energy term which does not vanish at zero speed. He called it rest energy: energy which every massive body must possess even when

neg: Exercise intensity table outlines the estimated distribution of energy consumption at different intensity levels for a healthy 20-year-old with a Max Heart Rate (MHR) of 200. These estimates are valid only when glycogen reserves are able to cover the energy needs. If a person depletes glycogen reserves after a long workout (a phenomenon known as "hitting the wall") or during a low carbohydrate diet, the body will shift into ketosis and use mostly fat and muscle for energy. Intermittent fasting can be used to train the body to shift easily into ketosis. Exercise intensity Exercise intensity refers to how much energy is

neg: What Lies Beneath (The Vampire Diaries) Tyler up and call Julian. Julian takes over but he does not want to tell them anything. He changes his mind when Matt and Jeremy start to torture him and he tells them that he does not know where Markos is but he knows that Markos does not like troubles so he will probably go on to make him permanent on Tyler's body. The only way to prevent that is for Jeremy and Matt to go and get Julian's body from where the travelers hide their bodies when they possess others. Jeremy and Bonnie go to where Julian told them

neg: Protein sparing according to fasting proponents. Protein sparing Protein sparing (amino acid sparing) is the process by which the body derives energy from sources other than protein. Such sources can include fatty tissues, dietary fats and carbohydrates. Protein sparing conserves muscle tissue. The balance between digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) in the diet is a key factor. Decreasing dietary DP/DE ratio results in an increase of protein conservation. The amino acids are not catabolized for energy, and are conserved in the body in a greater ratio. The amount of protein used in the body is influenced by the percentage that

neg: Gone (novel series) with the parasite, and is only saved when Sam cuts her open to kill the bugs inside her. When threatened by Drake, Astrid throws Pete to the insects, who realizes the danger and vanishes both the insects and himself; her hope was that Pete's death would cause the energy barrier to dissipate, which does not happen. Pete is later revealed to be without a body, but alive. Caine attempts to install himself as king of Perdido Beach, but Sam offers to form a community at Lake Tramonto (where the water is drinkable and there are boats campers can get shelter).

neg: Dieting while also metabolizing body protein (including but not limited to skeletal muscle) to be used to synthesize sugars for use as energy by the rest of the body. Most experts believe that a prolonged fast can lead to muscle wasting, although some dispute this. The use of short-term fasting, or various forms of intermittent fasting have been used as a form of dieting to circumvent this issue. While there are studies that show the health and medical benefits of weight loss, a study in 2005 of around 3000 Finns over an 18-year period showed that weight loss from dieting can

neg: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency an incidence of 1:4000 to 1:17,000 depending on the population. Treatment of MCADD is mainly preventative, by avoiding fasting and other situations where the body relies on fatty acid oxidation to supply energy. MCADD presents in early childhood with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction, often preceded by extended periods of fasting or an infection with vomiting. Infants who are exclusively breast-fed may present in this manner shortly after birth, due to poor feeding. In some individuals the first manifestation of MCADD may be sudden death following a minor illness. A number of individuals with MCADD may remain completely asymptomatic, provided

neg: History of military nutrition Academy study found that Ramadan fasting does not affect overall military fitness performance, although fasting cadets were less able to handle repeated maximal exercise, possibly due to inadequate recovery between tests. Throughout US military history, diet quality has not been the main issue; the lack of food consumption has. The Committee on Military Nutrition Research attempted to identify factors that lead to low food intake by troops in field settings, investigating whether or not—and if so, when—the energy deficit affects soldiers’ performance, and what specific factors are involved, allowing the military to implement operational strategies to mitigate the problem. A

neg: Treatment of bipolar disorder mood stabilizing effects. Ketogenic diets are diets that are high in fat and low in carbohydrates, and force the body to use fat for energy instead of sugars from carbohydrates. This causes a metabolic response similar to that seen in the body during fasting. This idea has not been tested by clinical research, and until recently, was entirely hypothetical. Recently, however, two case studies have been described where ketogenic diets were used to treat bipolar II. In each case, the patients found that the ketogenic diet was more effective for treating their disorder than medication and were able to discontinue

neg: Adiposopathy not as yet conclusive. But to the extent that leptin may increase blood pressure, then the increase in leptin with subcutaneous fat cells (particularly when they become enlarged) could hardly be characterized as "protective". Other potentially detrimental effects of enlarged subcutaneous fat tissue relate to free fatty acids. During fasting, the body can obtain energy through the release of free fatty acids from the triglycerides in fat cells. The fatty acids thus become available for release into the blood. If too high a concentration of certain fatty acids accumulates in the blood because of sick fat tissue, and the body

neg: Fasting reasons. The Sikh Gurus discourage the devotee from engaging in this ritual as it "brings no spiritual benefit to the person". The Sikh holy Scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib tell us: ""Fasting, daily rituals, and austere self-discipline – those who keep the practice of these, are rewarded with less than a shell."" (Guru Granth Sahib Ang 216). Human mind requires wisdom, which can be achieved by contemplating on word's and evaluating it, torturing body is of no use: ""He does not eat food; he tortures his body. Without the Guru's wisdom, he is not satisfied."" (Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang

neg: Valter Longo University of Southern California. Longo believes that it is possible to mimic the effects of fasting with a meal program that is designed to inhibit the same metabolic pathways fasting would, thereby providing the body with nutrients that do not trigger the body’s growth responses. Longo sells the diet through ProLon. Fasting mimicking diet is trademarked by L-Nutra, a company owned by Longo with financial interest by USC, though Longo does not receive financial benefit from the company. Valter Longo is a founder of a L-Nutra Inc., a company that markets food supplements. However he has stated that he receives

neg: Specific orbital energy a planet it means applying thrust when nearest to the planet. When gradually making an elliptic orbit smaller, it means applying thrust each time when near the periapsis. If a is in the direction of v: Specific orbital energy In the gravitational two-body problem, the specific orbital energy formula_1 (or vis-viva energy) of two orbiting bodies is the constant sum of their mutual potential energy (formula_2) and their total kinetic energy (formula_3), divided by the reduced mass. According to the orbital energy conservation equation (also referred to as vis-viva equation), it does not vary with time: where It is expressed

neg: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency presented clinically with MCADD and in 60% of the population identified by screening. An individual's genotype does not correlate well with their clinical phenotype for MCADD. The clinical presentation of an individual with MCADD depends not only on the presence of the mutations in the "ACADM" gene, but also on the presence of environmental or physiological stressors that require the body to depend on fatty acid oxidation for energy. Some mutations, identified through newborn screening programs and associated with higher residual enzyme activity have not been seen in individuals with clinical symptoms of MCADD. Despite this, treatment with fasting avoidance

neg: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency also referred to as HMG-CoA lyase deficiency or Hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria, is an uncommon inherited disorder in which the body cannot properly process the amino acid leucine. Additionally, the disorder prevents the body from making ketones, which are used for energy during fasting. This disorder usually appears within the first year of life. The signs and symptoms of HMG-CoA lyase deficiency include vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, convulsions, and coma. When episodes occur in an infant or child, blood sugar becomes extremely low (hypoglycemia), and harmful compounds can build up and cause the blood to become too

neg: Basal metabolic rate BMRs of 1075 kcal/day (4.5 MJ/day) and 1790 kcal/day (7.5 MJ/day). This difference of 715 kcal/day (67%) is equivalent to one of the individuals completing a 10 kilometer run every day. However, this study did not account for the sex, height, fasting-state, or body fat percentage of the subjects. About 70% of a human's total energy expenditure is due to the basal life processes taking place in the organs of the body (see table). About 20% of one's energy expenditure comes from physical activity and another 10% from thermogenesis, or digestion of food ("postprandial thermogenesis"). All of these processes require

neg: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency include intolerance to fasting, hypoglycemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. These symptoms are seen as directly connected to the inability to metabolize fats. Intolerance to fasting and hypoglycemia result from the inability to gain energy and make sugar from fat stores, which is how most of humans' excess energy is stored. Also, fatty acids can begin to accumulate in the blood, lowering the blood's pH and causing acidosis. MCAD is related to / has an association with Sudden Infant Death. Approximately 90% of cases of MCAD are due to a single point mutation where the Lysine at position 304

neg: Lactic acidosis good "marker" of hypoxia, but lactate itself is not the cause of low pH. During exercise and some illnesses, lactate production is not generated by lack of oxygen, "per se", but by the catecholamine-driven metabolism of glucose (glycolysis) that cells use when they cannot get enough energy from oxygen-based reactions. Lactate serves as an energy source for other tissues. Lactic acidosis sometimes occurs without hypoxia, for example, in rare inborn errors of metabolism where mitochondria do not function at full capacity. In such cases, when the body needs more energy than usual, for example during exercise or disease, mitochondria cannot

neg: Horse care be checked frequently for evidence of injury, parasites, sickness or weight loss. If the terrain does not provide natural shelter in the form of heavy trees or other windbreaks, an artificial shelter must be provided; a horse's insulating hair coat works less efficiently when wet or when subjected to wind, horses that cannot get away from wind and precipitation put unnecessary energy into maintaining core body warmth and may become susceptible to illness. Horses cannot live for more than a few days without water. Therefore, even in a natural, semi-feral setting, a check every day is recommended; a stream or

neg: Starvation days, fatty acids become the principal metabolic fuel. At first, the brain continues to use glucose, because, if a non-brain tissue is using fatty acids as its metabolic fuel, the use of glucose in the same tissue is switched off. Thus, when fatty acids are being broken down for energy, all of the remaining glucose is made available for use by the brain. Basically the body will use up stored fat cells first, then move on to muscles. After 2 or 3 days of fasting, the liver begins to synthesize ketone bodies from precursors obtained from fatty acid breakdown. The

neg: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency they never encounter a situation that sufficiently stresses their metabolism. With the advent of expanded newborn screening, some mothers have been identified with MCADD after their infants had positive newborn screens for low carnitine levels. The enzyme "MCAD" is responsible for the dehydrogenation step of fatty acids with chain lengths between 6 and 12 carbons as they undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria. Fatty acid beta-oxidation provides energy after the body has used up its stores of glucose and glycogen. This oxidation typically occurs during periods of extended fasting or illness when caloric intake is reduced, and energy needs are increased.

neg: Toothed whale by inhaling fresh air into the lungs. Spout shapes differ among species, which facilitates identification. The spout only forms when warm air from the lungs meets cold air, so it does not form in warmer climates, as with river dolphins. Almost all cetaceans have a thick layer of blubber, with the exception of river dolphins. In species that live near the poles, the blubber can be as thick as . This blubber can help with buoyancy, protection to some extent as predators would have a hard time getting through a thick layer of fat, energy for fasting during leaner times,

neg: Whale is helpful for a 100-ton whale), protection to some extent as predators would have a hard time getting through a thick layer of fat, and energy for fasting when migrating to the equator; the primary usage for blubber is insulation from the harsh climate. It can constitute as much as 50% of a whale's body weight. Calves are born with only a thin layer of blubber, but some species compensate for this with thick lanugos. Whales have a two- to three-chambered stomach that is similar in structure to terrestrial carnivores. Mysticetes contain a proventriculus as an extension of the oesophagus;

neg: Ketosis bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). Ketones can also be consumed in exogenous ketone foods and supplements. The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder. Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet (ketogenic diet), and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical

neg: Sub Rosa (Star Trek: The Next Generation) They open the grave, and the grandmother rises and attacks them. Beverly arrives and orders Ronin to get out of her grandmother's body. Ronin does so and tells Beverly to give him the candle. She has by now discovered that he is an anaphasic alien who can only survive because the plasma-based candle is his energy receptacle. Beverly destroys the candle with a phaser and vaporizes Ronin when he attempts to possess her body. Geordi and Data are treated and recover. As Picard's log states, "Doctor Crusher's recovery will be of a more personal nature." Troi and Crusher discuss the

neg: Matthew 4:2 expression for any large figure. France notes that fasting does not necessarily mean a complete abstinence from food and that Jesus may have been surviving on the sparse food that could be obtained in the desert. Mark does not mention this fasting and Luke implies it but does not use the word. Gundry notes that the author of Matthew seems to be a far more interested in this idea than the other evangelists, and in Matthew 6 again seems to present fasting as a model for good behaviour. This fasting became the model for the practice of Lent in the

neg: Earless seal lactating. This combination of fasting with lactation requires the mother to provide large amounts of energy to her pup at a time when she is not eating (and often, not drinking). Mothers must supply their own metabolic needs while nursing. This is a miniature version of the humpback whales' strategy, which involves fasting during their months-long migration from arctic feeding areas to tropical breeding/nursing areas and back. Phocids produce thick, fat-rich milk that allows them to provide their pups with large amounts of energy in a short period. This allows the mother to return to the sea in time to

neg: Weight management is the amount of energy a person's body uses to do things like pump blood, maintain proper brain function, breakdown toxins, and ensure other bodily functions. Technically speaking, BMR is the amount of energy the body expends during the following very specific conditions: right after waking up, while in a resting state, and after fasting for 12–14 hours. Sometimes the term Resting Metabolic (RMR) is used in place of BMR but RMR is slightly different in that it is not measured under the previously listed stringent conditions and is about 10% more than BMR. BMR is directly proportional to a

neg: Intermittent fasting (more than 48 hours). Forms of intermittent fasting exist in religious practices in various groups across the world. Religious fasting regimens include, but are not limited to, Vrata in Hinduism, Ramadan fasting (Islam), Yom Kippur fasting (Judaism), Orthodox Christian fasting, and Buddhist fasting. Certain religious fasting practices, like Buddhist fasting, only require abstinence from certain foods, while others, like the Jewish fast on Yom Kippur, last for a short period of time and would cause negligible effects on the body. Islam is the only major religion that engages in a fasting practice reflective of intermittent fasting in terms of both

neg: Fanouropita Fanouropita Fanouropita is a traditional sweet fasting pie of Greek cuisine. It is offered on the memory day of St. Fanourios on August 27, when the pie is given to believers as a blessing. It is based on oils and does not contain any butter or eggs. Believers seek to offer the cake and get "revelation" of objects or people in general, or to find something they are looking for. The name comes from Saint Fanourios. Fanourios means the one who reveals (greek verb: "φαίνω"). Worshiping Saint Fanourios while adopting the tradition of fanouropita origins either around 1500 AD or

neg: Sidama Zone in Africa. In Ethiopia coffee has a special cultural value. Ethiopians hold coffee ceremonies in which people get together to deal with issues. Today the Ethiopian coffee ceremony has become a popular activity for tourists. In Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, drinking coffee is strictly forbidden. Different religious leaders teach their followers that when a person becomes very familiar with coffee, he/she will face difficulties (loss of concentration) during fasting time where it is not allowed to eat or drink anything. In this religion, there is meditation time ‘Aremimo’ during fasting and it is assumed that those who have high adaptation

neg: Spot (comics) connect, the cumulative effect could prove dangerous in an extended fight). The same phenomenon was true when Spot flung Spider-Man through a warp and he reappeared in this dimension too close to a wall to dodge. However, on Daredevil, who also has superhuman senses, this trick does not work, as his Radar Sense could easily detect the teleportation energy in the Spot's body, making it simple for him to tell where the Spot was going to attack from. The Spot can also move the spots on his body to protect himself from physical attack by positioning one in the path

neg: Fasting during Ramadan possible) following the tradition of Muhammad, or with water. Linguistically, the word fasting in the Arabic language means unconditional 'restraint' (imsak) from any action or speech during any time. According to the Sacred Law, fasting is the act of: 'Refraining from engaging in sexual activity' includes actual sexual intercourse and ejaculation caused by foreplay. 'Refraining from entering anything into the body cavity' refers to the acts of entering food, drink, or medicine into the body cavity, regardless of whether this is a typical item one would enter into the body cavity or not. Entering any of these substances inside the

neg: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction all horses suspected or confirmed to be suffering from PPID. There are two tests commonly used for insulin resistance: the oral sugar test and fasting insulin blood concentration. The fasting insulin concentration involves giving a horse a single flake of hay at 10 pm the night before testing, with blood being drawn the following morning. Both insulin and glucose blood levels are measured. Hyperinsulinemia suggests insulin resistance, but normal or low fasting insulin does not rule out PPID. This test is easy to perform, but is less sensitive than the oral sugar test. It is best used in cases where

neg: Bogan (film) to catch Vikram while in the complex where Vikram was supposed to meet Chezhiyan. When Aadhithya tracks Chezhiyan, Vikram hides and talks to Chezhiyan, who says that Aadhithya's power is only in his body (in which Vikram is) and in other bodies, his power does not work, so Vikram uses Chezhiyan to take the manuscript from the commissioner's office. Aadhithya later kills Chezhiyan. Vikram (in Aadhithya's body) puts a bomb on himself so that Aadhithya may get scared that if his body goes away, he will not be able to use his powers. Vikram and Aadhithya switch over to their

neg: Psychosensory therapy get over this issue" as strong, and as Callahan suggests, these individuals would not benefit from the tapping method in addition to other treatments. According to Mollon, Callahan called this "a reversal" and claimed it would completely block treatment. Callahan speculated that these reversals would contain hidden motivations and conflicts that result from the body’s energy system, and they can be rapidly reduced by Callahan’s methods. Callahan called these methods thought field therapy (TFT) because an individual’s thought does not only occur in the mind, but also in an energy field within the body that can be accessed through acupuncture

neg: Orbital mechanics formula above, we get: Under standard assumptions the orbital period (formula_42) of a body traveling along an elliptic orbit can be computed as: where: Conclusions: Under standard assumptions the orbital speed (formula_47) of a body traveling along an elliptic orbit can be computed from the Vis-viva equation as: where: The velocity equation for a hyperbolic trajectory has either + formula_52, or it is the same with the convention that in that case "a" is negative. Under standard assumptions, specific orbital energy (formula_53) of elliptic orbit is negative and the orbital energy conservation equation (the Vis-viva equation) for this orbit can

neg: Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency is always hope for genetic therapy, inserting a healthy copy of the gene into existing liver cells. Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency In fructose bisphosphatase deficiency, there is not enough fructose bisphosphatase for gluconeogenesis to occur correctly. Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) will still work, as it does not use this enzyme. Without effective gluconeogenesis (GNG), hypoglycaemia will set in after about 12 hours of fasting. This is the time when liver glycogen stores have been exhausted, and the body has to rely on GNG. When given a dose of glucagon (which would normally increase blood glucose) nothing will happen, as stores

neg: Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency In fructose bisphosphatase deficiency, there is not enough fructose bisphosphatase for gluconeogenesis to occur correctly. Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) will still work, as it does not use this enzyme. Without effective gluconeogenesis (GNG), hypoglycaemia will set in after about 12 hours of fasting. This is the time when liver glycogen stores have been exhausted, and the body has to rely on GNG. When given a dose of glucagon (which would normally increase blood glucose) nothing will happen, as stores are depleted and GNG doesn't work. (In fact, the patient would already have high glucagon levels.) There

neg: Intermittent fasting Intermittent fasting Intermittent fasting (intermittent energy restriction or intermittent calorie restriction) is an umbrella term for various eating protocols that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting over a defined period. Intermittent fasting is under preliminary research to assess if it can produce weight loss comparable to long-term calorie restriction. Intermittent fasting protocols can be grouped into two categories: whole-day fasting and time-restricted feeding. Variants include modified fasting, such as ADMF, with limited caloric intake (20% of normal) during fasting periods rather than none at all. Intermittent fasting has a different duration (up to 48 hours) than periodic fasting

neg: Miketz The Sages read to teach that Jacob warned his sons against appearing well fed when others around them were without food. The Sages taught that if one fasted on account of some trouble and it passed, or for a sick person and the sick person recovered, then the one fasting should nevertheless complete the fast. If one journeyed from a place where they were not fasting to a place where they were, then one should fast with the people of the new place. If one journeyed from a place where they were fasting to a place where they were not,

neg: Marine iguana than a week, and large males often do not feed for several weeks when maintaining a breeding territory, resulting in a significant weight loss. In captivity, individuals have remained strong and active even after fasting for as much as 100 days. Foraging behavior changes in accordance to the seasons and foraging efficiency increases with temperature. These environmental changes and the ensuing occasional food unavailability have caused marine iguanas to evolve by acquiring efficient methods of foraging in order to maximize their energy intake and body size. During an El Niño cycle in which food diminished for two years, some were

neg: Intermittent fasting eating disorders or malnutrition, with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Intermittent fasting Intermittent fasting (intermittent energy restriction or intermittent calorie restriction) is an umbrella term for various eating protocols that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting over a defined period. Intermittent fasting is under preliminary research to assess if it can produce weight loss comparable to long-term calorie restriction. Intermittent fasting protocols can be grouped into two categories: whole-day fasting and time-restricted feeding. Variants include modified fasting, such as ADMF, with limited caloric intake (20% of normal) during fasting periods rather than none at all. Intermittent fasting has

neg: Thermophotovoltaic no light is lost. However, realistically, geometries must accommodate the input energy (fuel injection or input light) used to heat the emitter. Additionally, costs prohibit the placement of converters everywhere. When the emitter reemits light, anything that does not travel to the converters is lost. Mirrors can be used to redirect some of this light back to the emitter; however, the mirrors may have their own losses. For black body emitters where photon recirculation is achieved via filters, Planck's law states that a black body emits light with a spectrum given by: formula_3 where I' is the flux of light

neg: Diabetes in cats the body being unable to use glucose as an energy source. A fasting glucose blood test will normally be suggestive of diabetes at this point. The same home blood test monitors used in humans are used on cats, usually by obtaining blood from the ear edges or paw pads. As the disease progresses, ketone bodies will be present in the urine, which can be detected with the same urine strips as in humans. In the final stages, the cat starts wasting and the body will breaking down its own fat and muscle to survive. Lethargy or limpness, and acetone-smelling breath

neg: Thermal neutral zone lethal core temperatures were achieved. Conversely, we are normally in surroundings that are considerably colder than body core temperature (37 degrees Celsius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit) and hence there is a large gradient for thermal energy flow from the core to the surroundings. Therefore, the body must ensure it can also minimize the loss of heat to around 100 watts, if it is to maintain core temperature. In short, the skin must be able to get rid of 100 watts of heat in relatively warm environments, but also ensure that it does not lose too much more than this in

neg: 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (HADH deficiency) is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during fasting. Normally, through a process called fatty acid oxidation, several enzymes work in a step-wise fashion to metabolize fats and convert them to energy. People with 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency have inadequate levels of an enzyme required for a step that metabolizes groups of fats called medium chain fatty acids and short chain fatty acids; for this reason this disorder is sometimes called medium- and short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (M/SCHAD) deficiency. Typically, initial signs

neg: Islamic sexual jurisprudence intention of purity and worship. A Muslim performing complete ablution then washes every part of his or her body. According to Qura'nic verse 2:187, one may have sex during the month of Ramadan but not during the time of fasting. As such, sex during Ramadan is only permitted at night. Although this passage is explicitly addressed to men, the regulations on sex in regard to fasting are universally taken to apply equally to both male and female Muslims. Verse 2:222 in the Qur'an implies that sexual relations during menstruation are prohibited. However, unlike Jewish tradition, Islam does not forbid men

neg: Fasting or group fasts any time they desire to solicit special blessings from God, including health or comfort for themselves or others. Fasting is a very integral part of the Hindu religion. Individuals observe different kinds of fasts based on personal beliefs and local customs. Some are listed below: Methods of fasting also vary widely and cover a broad spectrum. If followed strictly, the person fasting does not partake any food or water from the previous day's sunset until 48 minutes after the following day's sunrise. Fasting can also mean limiting oneself to one meal during the day, abstaining from eating

neg: Fasting in Islam by the sun. If Ramadan comes in June/December (when days and nights are not prominent by the sun in Svalbard, Norway) they may leave fasting and then complete their fasting in March/September (when days and nights are prominent by the sun in Svalbard, Norway). In Islamic law it is called Qadha. God says in the Quran: "God intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye shall be grateful." [[Category:Sawm| ]] [[Category:Fasting]] [[Category:Islam-related controversies]]

neg: Chronicles of Elyria and Permadeath can reduce the playtime. There are three kinds of death in CoE, the two already mentioned and the other is Incapacitation. Incapacitation is where the character is knocked out for a very short amount of time. The screen will be black but the player can still hear what is going on. Spirit Walking occurs when someone or something does a Coup de Grace against the player's character. CDG is a killing stroke forcing your soul to be ripped from the body. Then the player needs to walk the Astral Plane (Spirit Walking) to get back to their body.

neg: History of alternative medicine to get sufficient sleep, one should subject the body to rigorous exercise. Periodic fasting, or abstaining from all food and drink for short durations of one or two days helps regulate the elimination process and prevents illness. It is only in later years that practitioners of this system saw that people were not paying for their services, and in order to get their clients to pay, they introduced herbal remedies to begin with and later even started using metals and inorganic chemical compositions in the form of pills or potions to deal with symptoms. Emigration from the Indian sub-continent in

neg: First Nations and diabetes pregnancy. Most women with gestational diabetes will return to normal glucose levels after delivery of the baby; if a woman does not return to normal glucose levels she will be re-diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and is no longer considered to have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes carries risks for both the mother and the baby. It increases the likelihood of the infant developing T2D, and giving birth to high body-weight baby. High body-weight increases risk of the child developing diabetes even if mother does not have it. The Review of Guidelines for Screening and Treatment affirms the use of fasting

neg: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency have been reported in the literature (Mol Genet Metab. 2011 Nov;104(3):410-3. Epub 2011 Jul 26.) "This article incorporates public domain text from The U.S. National Library of Medicine" 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency also referred to as HMG-CoA lyase deficiency or Hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria, is an uncommon inherited disorder in which the body cannot properly process the amino acid leucine. Additionally, the disorder prevents the body from making ketones, which are used for energy during fasting. This disorder usually appears within the first year of life. The signs and symptoms of HMG-CoA lyase deficiency include vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, convulsions, and

neg: Darkhawk amulet actually completely deconstructs and rebuilds his body from stored data. As the Darkhawk body is no longer separate from Chris and does not teleport to Null Space when not in use, it is questionable whether it can be repaired as quickly as it once was. Darkhawk can project energy from the amulet in his chest as a focal point, either as concussive force blasts, or as a circular energy shield. Chris referred to his force blasts as "darkforce blasts," until he encountered the actual Darkforce Dimension in New Warriors, but still occasionally uses the term. Darkhawk also has telescopic

neg: Annihilation: Conquest plan if he knew three of his teammates would die. Star-Lord does not understand how three would die as only Gabe/Captain Universe and Groot have died (he doesn't count Deathcry as a member of the team). Mantis says she saw Ultron at the moment appearing and killing her. In Adam Warlock's body, Ultron does appear and cripples her with a blow to the head. Outside the energy shield a gathering of ships from the Badoon, Rigellians, Galadorian Spaceknights, Spartoi and remaining Kree constantly batter the shield with all their weaponry, failing to get through. Suddenly, Nova appears with Drax and

neg: Correspondence principle the observer), and is the speed of light. When the velocity vanishes, the energy expressed above is not zero, and represents the "rest" energy, When the body is in motion relative to the observer, the total energy exceeds the rest energy by an amount that is, by definition, the "kinetic" energy, Using the approximation we get, when speeds are much slower than that of light, or , which is the Newtonian expression for kinetic energy. Correspondence principle In physics, the correspondence principle states that the behavior of systems described by the theory of quantum mechanics (or by the old quantum

neg: Ketone bodies are high. This occurs between meals, during fasting, starvation and strenuous exercise, when blood glucose levels are likely to fall. Fatty acids are very high energy fuels, and are taken up by all metabolizing cells that have mitochondria. This is because fatty acids can only be metabolized in the mitochondria. Red blood cells do not contain mitochondria and are therefore entirely dependent on anaerobic glycolysis for their energy requirements. In all other tissues the fatty acids that enter the metabolizing cells are combined with co-enzyme A to form acyl-CoA chains. These are transferred into the mitochondria of the cells, where

neg: Islam and Mormonism no longer permitted to drink "any" alcoholic beverages. Tobacco, for its part, is stated as being "not for the body, neither for the belly, and [it] is not good for man, but is an herb for bruises and all sick cattle, to be used with judgment and skill." While forbidding alcohol, Islam does not prohibit coffee or tea, though some fatawa prohibit tobacco. Conversely, the LDS Church no longer has any restrictions on the types of meat one may eat, or when one may consume them (except for designated fasting periods – see above). Besides The Church of Jesus Christ

neg: Talking Heads (Body of Proof) to go on an art course. Samantha talks to Frank again, but when they question him about Irina but he does not know her. They find out that Irina was Callum's nurse, for his arthritis and that Callum was going to help Irina get her son from Belgrade to the US. Irina confesses that she did cut up Callum, but did not kill him. Irina found Callum dead, so cut him up so that she could forge the last immigration document to get her son to her as Callum had not finished it. Irina tells Megan where the head is,

neg: Microgrid output of renewable energy sources, providing backup power for the system and playing crucial role in cost optimization. It includes all of electrical, pressure, gravitational, flywheel, and heat storage technologies. When multiple energy storages with various capacities are available in a microgrid, it is preferred to coordinate their charging and discharging such that a smaller energy storage does not discharge faster than those with larger capacities. Likewise, it is preferred a smaller one does not get fully charged before those with larger capacities. This can be achieved under a coordinated control of energy storages based on their state of charge.

neg: Ingestive behaviors the stomach to the brain via this hormone peptide. This peptide can stimulate thought about food, and is suppressed after food is ingested. Nutrient injection into the blood stream does not suppress ghrelin, so the release of hormone is directed by the digestive system and not by nutrient availability in the blood. These blood levels of ghrelin increase with fasting and are reduced after a meal. Ghrelin antibodies or ghrelin receptor antagonists inhibit eating. Ghrelin also stimulates energy production and signals directly to the hypothalamus regulatory nucli that control energy homeostasis. Hunger is the result of a fall in blood

neg: Puritan exorcism fasting, and a minister ultimately commanding a spirit to leave the afflicted person's body. This procedure was accepted by some who would reject completely Catholic priestly exorcism. Fasting became important in Puritanism exorcism, but was not present in earlier Elizabethan procedures. John Foxe exorcised Robert Briggs without fasting, and John Darrell initially did not use it. The exorcism in Norwich by its bishop John Parkhurst, in 1574, may have introduced a fast day in this context. It became a "sine qua non" of the Puritan approach to exorcism. When Richard Bancroft as Bishop of London undertook to limit Puritanism, he

neg: Fasting during Ramadan not when one refrains from eating, drinking, or having sexual intercourse. For example, if one were to merely stay away from food, drink, or sexual activity without an intention to fast, then this fast is not valid and does not count. 'From individuals who are permitted to fast' means that one must be free from a situation that would prevent the validity of one's fast, such as menstruation or lochia (post-natal bleeding).[Shurunbulali, Maraqi al-Falah; Ala al-Din Abidin, al-Hadiyya al-Alaiyya; Shurunbulali Imdad al-Fattah] The Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr () marks the end of the Islamic fasting of the month of

neg: Three Corpses life! Swiftly, swiftly, in accordance with the statutes and ordinances!" (1, 7, tr. Kohn 2009: 168) The text also describes countless "weichong" 微蟲 "micro organic worms", which resemble "caizi" 菜子 "vegetable seeds", residing on the surface of the body (Huang 2011: 40). The (9th century) Quanzhen School text "Zhonghuang jing" 中皇經 "Classic of the Yellow Center" describes how an arduous "bigu" fasting regimen can result in weakness, loss of weight, yellowish complexion, and problems with the Three Worms. When the adept first begins to fast, the air he swallows does not penetrate sufficiently, and he is constantly subjected to the

neg: Feral (comics) a Sin-Eater, at a local church, the two are about to leave when Feral was waiting outside the church. Feral wants to get Wolfsbane’s unborn baby for herself. The motive is not clear, however, she doesn't care if she has to rip it off from the cold dead body of Rahne Sinclair. Feral’s attack does not go as planned because she passes through Wolfsbane's body. Feral thinks Shatterstar did something to her. As they speak, Rahne reminds her that she is dead. She comments about the way it happened since she was present there when it happened. However, Feral does

neg: Southern brook lamprey however, some ammocoetes stay in the larval stage for an additional year. Following metamorphosis from the larval stage, the adult stage is reached. During this phase, "I. gagei" does not eat; rather, it obtains energy from stored fat reserves collected as ammocoetes and also migrates from slow moving streams to faster moving water with slightly larger pebbles as opposed to fine sandy substrate. This fasting behavior continues until spawning during which adult lampreys come together from late April to early May and spawn in habitats consisting of small, shallow ripples with 17-21 °C water. Although "I." "gagei" populations have been

neg: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy reported. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism is mostly unknown; however, each of three main origins, autoimmune, panniculitis, or idiopathic, may have different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Normally, adipose tissues contain adipocytes to store fat for energy during fasting period and release leptin to regulate homeostasis of energy and sensitize insulin. In AGL patients, adipose tissues are insufficient and leads to fat deposition in non-adipose tissues, such as muscle or liver, resulting in hypertriglyceridemia. Continuous elevation in triglyceride levels further contributes to metabolic problems including insulin resistance. As the level of leptin in the body is proportional to the amount of adipose tissue

neg: Intermittent fasting intermittent fasting in obese people showed that reducing calorie intake one to six days per week over at least 12 weeks was effective for reducing body weight on an average of ; the results were not different from a simple calorie restricted diet, and the clinical trials reviewed were run mostly on middle-aged women from the US and the UK, limiting interpretation of the results. Intermittent fasting has not been studied in children, the elderly, or underweight people, and could be harmful in these populations. Intermittent fasting is under preliminary research for how it may affect cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers,

neg: Adolph Peter Adler in itself without the world, without the body. It separated the spirit from the body, the spirit from the world. And when the human being himself, when thought itself separates the spirit from the body and the spirit from the world, the human being must die and the world and the body must become evil. And what becomes of the spirit? The spirit leaves the body. But God does not take it back. And it becomes his enemy. And where does it go? Back into the world. Why? It is angry with the world, which abandoned it. It is the

neg: Riverstone Energy New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo ordered Riverstone Holdings LLC to pay $30 million in restitution after Riverstone Holdings employed fixers to get them business from pension funds controlled by "corrupt" state officials, caused further controversy when it was found that officials in the UK had also invested state pension fund money in the company's products. Riverstone Energy Riverstone Energy Limited () is a Guernsey-domiciled, closed-ended company which invests in energy companies and assets worldwide. REL does so with a particular focus on the exploration, production, storage, and transportation of oil and gas. Established by Riverstone Holdings in 2013, the

neg: Running energetics adequate representation of economy as a predictor of performance. This is especially true when comparing well-trained runners to untrained or lesser-trained individuals. In these cases comparing energy expenditure (as oxygen consumption) at a fixed speed often does not provide a comparison of energy expenditure at race pace. Because oxygen consumption increases with speed, it is difficult to get a precise depiction of economy from measuring oxygen consumption at a single speed. As a result, it is common to measure oxygen consumption across a wide range of speeds within individuals in order to get a more accurate assessment of economy. It

neg: Specific orbital energy Specific orbital energy In the gravitational two-body problem, the specific orbital energy formula_1 (or vis-viva energy) of two orbiting bodies is the constant sum of their mutual potential energy (formula_2) and their total kinetic energy (formula_3), divided by the reduced mass. According to the orbital energy conservation equation (also referred to as vis-viva equation), it does not vary with time: where It is expressed in J/kg = ms or MJ/kg = kms. For an elliptic orbit the specific orbital energy is the negative of the additional energy required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram to escape velocity (parabolic orbit).

neg: Fasting believe that what happens to one affects the other (this is known as the "psychosomatic union" between the body and the soul). Saint Gregory Palamas argued that man's body is not an enemy but a partner and collaborator with the soul. Christ, by taking a human body at the Incarnation, has made the flesh an inexhaustible source of sanctification. This same concept is also found in the much earlier homilies of Saint Macarius the Great. Fasting can take up a significant portion of the calendar year. The purpose of fasting is not to suffer, but according to Sacred Tradition to

neg: Killer Frost established, how much power Frost can channel at once seems to depend on how much heat she has absorbed and stored in her body. For example, when she absorbed all the heat from Superman (whose body is supercharged by yellow solar energy) during a stand-off between the Justice League and the Suicide Squad, she was able to flash-freeze the entire League in a single blast. It also seems that using up all the heat energy she has stored can put Frost's life in danger. If she does not feed in time, she even risks dying of "starvation". The Caitlin Snow

neg: Fasting speech and action, abstaining from any ignorant and indecent speech, and from arguing, fighting, and having lustful thoughts. Therefore, fasting strengthens control of impulses and helps develop good behavior. During the sacred month of Ramadan, believers strive to purify body and soul and increase their "taqwa" (good deeds and God-consciousness). This purification of body and soul harmonizes the inner and outer spheres of an individual. Muslims aim to improve their body by reducing food intake and maintaining a healthier lifestyle. Overindulgence in food is discouraged and eating only enough to silence the pain of hunger is encouraged. Muslims believe they

neg: Christos Socrates Mantzoros over the world through live-streaming. In the area of leptin, Christos Mantzoros is a world-renowned expert, having pioneered physiology studies, clinical trials in humans and discovering its therapeutic potential. He was the first to investigate the normal physiology of leptin in humans, including circadian rhythms and the role of leptin in fasting and with relation to body weight. His team has published the only three studies on leptin pharmacokinetics determining leptin doses to be used in humans. Indeed, his research broadened the understanding of the neuroendocrine function of leptin on body weight, energy homeostasis, gender differentiation, immunology and the interaction

neg: Density functional theory The variational problems of minimizing the energy functional can be solved by applying the Lagrangian method of undetermined multipliers. First, one considers an energy functional that does not explicitly have an electron–electron interaction energy term, where denotes the kinetic energy operator and is an external effective potential in which the particles are moving, so that . Thus, one can solve the so-called Kohn–Sham equations of this auxiliary noninteracting system, which yields the orbitals that reproduce the density of the original many-body system The effective single-particle potential can be written in more detail as where the second term denotes the so-called

neg: Ketosis A mild acidosis may result from prolonged fasting or when following a ketogenic diet or a very low calorie diet. Ketosis is deliberately induced by use of a ketogenic diet as a medical intervention in cases of intractable epilepsy. Other uses of low-carbohydrate diets remain controversial. Carbohydrate deprivation to the point of ketosis has been argued to have both negative and positive effects on health. Ketosis can also be induced following periods of fasting (starvation), and after consumption of ketogenic fats (such as medium chain triglycerides ) or exogenous ketones. The two sources of ketone bodies in the body are

neg: Refeeding syndrome had negligible nutrient intake for many consecutive days and/or is metabolically stressed from a critical illness or major surgery is at risk of refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome usually occurs within four days of starting to re-feed. Patients can develop fluid and electrolyte disorders, especially hypophosphatemia, along with neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic complications. During fasting the body switches its main fuel source from carbohydrates to fat tissue fatty acids and amino acids as the main energy sources. The spleen decreases its rate of red blood cell breakdown thus conserving red blood cells. Many intracellular minerals become severely depleted during

neg: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency sometimes mistaken for fatty acid and ketogenesis disorders such as Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD), other long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders such as Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT-II) and Reye syndrome. Treatment for this condition is supportive. There is no cure. Affective people should eat a high-carbohydrate and avoid fasting. "This article incorporates public domain text from The U.S. National Library of Medicine" Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency (CPT-I, CPT1) is a rare metabolic disorder that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids into energy, particularly during periods without food. It is

neg: Fasting in Jainism abstaining from the pleasures of the five senses such as sounds and dwelling in the self in deep concentration is fasting ("upavāsa"). Fasting can be done to purify both the body and the mind but fasts are also done as a penance. The word "Proşadha" refers to the holy days in the lunar month. It means giving up the four kinds of food. "Proşadhopavāsa" is fasting on the eighth and fourteenth days of the lunar cycle. According to Jain text, "Puruşārthasiddhyupāya": There are several types of fasts: "Sallekhanā" is the last vow prescribed by the Jain ethical code of conduct.

neg: Fasting VI, fasting and abstinence were more strictly regulated. The church had prescribed that Roman Catholics observe fasting or abstinence on a number of days throughout the year. In addition to the fasts mentioned above, Roman Catholics must also observe the Eucharistic Fast, which involves taking nothing but water and medicines into the body for one hour before receiving the Eucharist. The ancient practice was to fast from midnight until Mass that day, but as Masses after noon and in the evening became common, this was soon modified to fasting for three hours. Current law requires merely one hour of eucharistic

neg: Vehicle the jet stream may get a boost from high altitude winds. Compressed gas is currently an experimental method of storing energy. In this case, compressed gas is simply stored in a tank and released when necessary. Like elastics, they have hysteresis losses when gas heats up during compression. Gravitational potential energy is a form of energy used in gliders, skis, bobsleds and numerous other vehicles that go down hill. Regenerative braking is an example of capturing kinetic energy where the brakes of a vehicle are augmented with a generator or other means of extracting energy. When needed, the energy is

neg: Ali Baba to the cave, taking a donkey with him to take as much treasure as possible. He enters the cave with the magic words. But in his greed and excitement over the treasure, he forgets the words to get out again. The thieves find him there and kill him. When his brother does not come back, Ali Baba goes to the cave to look for him, and finds the body quartered and with each piece displayed just inside the cave's entrance, as a warning to anyone else who might try to enter. Ali Baba brings the body home where he entrusts

neg: Panchathantiram dispose it in a dry river and drive back to Chennai to return to their normal lives. Ram discovers a cache of diamonds inside Maggie's mobile phone. He does not report about it to the police, fearing he would be arrested for murdering Maggie, which he did not commit. A few days after, the friends get very nervous when they learn of a news article regarding the discovery of a dead body in the same area where they disposed Maggie's body. At that time, the wives of Ram's four friends plan to unite Ram and Mythili by holding a party

neg: Fasting than 24 hours, known as intermittent fasting, have been shown to be effective for weight loss in obese and healthy adults and to maintain lean body mass, some writers argue that using fasting for weight loss is unnecessary. It has been argued that fasting makes one more appreciative of food. In rare occurrences, fasting can lead to refeeding syndrome. Fasting is often used as a tool to make a political statement, to protest, or to bring awareness to a cause. A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or

neg: Semiconductor luminescence equations possesses. However, the excitonic plasma luminescence is a genuine many-body effect where plasma emits "collectively" to the exciton resonance. Namely, when a high number of electronic states participate in the emission of a single photon, one can always distribute the energy of initial many-body state between the one photon at exciton energy and remaining many-body state (with one electron–hole pair removed) without violating the energy conservation. The Coulomb interaction mediates such energy rearrangements very efficiently. A thorough analysis of energy and many-body state rearrangement is given in Ref. In general, excitonic plasma luminescence explains many nonequilibrium emission properties observed in

neg: Valentine (The Secret Circle) are searching for her and when they find her car they know she is in trouble. All three of them end up in the church where Blackwell killed the witches. The witches get into Adam's body and demand from Cassie to give them the medallion otherwise they'll kill Adam. Jake is trying to convince her to not do it because the medallion contains the energy of a thousand witches and giving it to six will make them powerful and unbeatable. Cassie, not having another choice, she destroys the medallion and the witches disappear. The episode ends with Cassie and Adam

neg: Common shrew A shrew must eat every 2 to 3 hours to achieve this goal. A shrew will starve if it goes without food for more than a few hours. They do not hibernate in the winter because their bodies are too small to store sufficient fat reserves and as they have a short fasting duration. Common shrews have evolved an amazing adaptation to survive through the winter. Their skulls shrink by nearly 20% and their brains get smaller by as much as 30%. Their other organs also lose mass and their spines get shorter. Their total body mass drops by about

neg: Krona (comics) deeper insight. Like the rest of his species, Krona possesses enhanced physical abilities, vast psionic powers (including telepathy and telekinesis) and virtual immortality (he does not need to breathe, eat or sleep, and can regenerate from any injury at an accelerated rate). His powers were later increased by Nekron, making him more powerful than any of the Guardians. As Entropy, Krona was composed of anti-energy, could absorb others into his body, converting them into more anti-energy, and was able to create an army composed of anti-energy that were completely under his control. During the "JLA/Avengers" miniseries, where he wielded the

neg: Basal metabolic rate with the decrease in lean body mass (as may happen with aging). Increasing muscle mass has the effect of increasing BMR. Aerobic (resistance) fitness level, a product of cardiovascular exercise, while previously thought to have effect on BMR, has been shown in the 1990s not to correlate with BMR when adjusted for fat-free body mass. But anaerobic exercise does increase resting energy consumption (see "aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise"). Illness, previously consumed food and beverages, environmental temperature, and stress levels can affect one's overall energy expenditure as well as one's BMR. BMR is measured under very restrictive circumstances when a person

neg: Leptin in females are linked to energy balance (positive or negative depending on whether a female is losing or gaining weight) and energy flux (how much energy is consumed and expended) much more than energy status (fat levels). When energy balance is highly negative (meaning the woman is starving) or energy flux is very high (meaning the woman is exercising at extreme levels, but still consuming enough calories), the ovarian cycle stops and females stop menstruating. Only if a female has an extremely low body fat percentage does energy status affect menstruation. Leptin levels outside an ideal range may have a

neg: Canyon Crossroads a small opening that at least Larry can climb through. Finding a horse that they had tied up, Larry heads off to town, but Barnwell is already at the Atomic Energy Commission office, plotting to turn the samples in for himself, when Larson shows up. The two thieves employ a helicopter to get back to the mine where Kathy is still trapped. While Barnwell is left to guard the cavern entrance, Larson takes to his helicopter to chase down Larry. When Charlie's brothers find his body, Joe (Richard Hale) and Mickey Rivers (Tommy Cook), follow his tracks to the cavern