query: when did the continental army leave valley forge

pos: Valley Forge Valley Forge Valley Forge functioned as the third of eight military encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington. In September 1777, British forces had captured the American capital of Philadelphia. After failing to retake the city, Washington led his 12,000-man army into winter quarters at Valley Forge, located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Philadelphia. They remained there for six months, from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. At Valley Forge, the Continentals struggled to manage a disastrous supply crisis while retraining and reorganizing their units. About 1,700 to 2,000 soldiers died due

pos: Valley Forge National Historical Park were subsequently backfilled with asbestos-containing slurry waste materials. Those areas of the park are closed to visitors and an effort is underway at permanent remediation. Valley Forge National Historical Park Valley Forge National Historical Park is the site of the third winter encampment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, taking place from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. The National Historical Park preserves the site and interprets the history of the Valley Forge encampment. Originally Valley Forge State Park, it became a national historical park in 1976. The Park contains historical buildings, recreated encampment structures, memorials,

pos: Valley Forge National Historical Park Valley Forge National Historical Park Valley Forge National Historical Park is the site of the third winter encampment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, taking place from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. The National Historical Park preserves the site and interprets the history of the Valley Forge encampment. Originally Valley Forge State Park, it became a national historical park in 1976. The Park contains historical buildings, recreated encampment structures, memorials, museums, and recreation facilities. The park encompasses and is visited by over 1.2 million people each year. Visitors can see restored historic structures, reconstructed structures

pos: Valley Forge National Historical Park such as the iconic log huts, and monuments erected by the states from which the Continental soldiers came. Visitor facilities include a visitor center and museum featuring original artifacts, providing a concise introduction to the American Revolution and the Valley Forge encampment. Ranger programs, tours (walking and trolley), and activities are available seasonally. The park also provides of hiking and biking trails, which are connected to a robust regional trails system. Wildlife watching, fishing, and boating on the nearby Schuylkill River also are popular. From December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778, the main body of the Continental Army (approximately

neg: Valley Forge located in six different towns. Valley Forge had the highest mortality rate of any Continental Army encampment, and even most military engagements. The death toll for civilians connected to Valley Forge remains unknown. Despite the mortality rate, Washington did curb the spread of smallpox, which had plagued the Continental Army since the American Revolution had begun in 1775. In January 1777, Washington had ordered mass inoculation of his troops, but a year later at Valley Forge, smallpox broke out again. An investigation uncovered that three to four thousand of their troops had not gotten inoculated, despite having long-term enlistments. So,

neg: Richard Taylor (colonel) Pittsburgh to New Orleans. When the American Revolution began, Taylor became a 2nd lieutenant in the Virginia Continental forces on February 12, 1775, and fought in the battles of White Plains, Trenton, Brandywine, and Monmouth. He was discharged as a lieutenant colonel on September 12, 1781. Taylor was also involved with the Valley Forge Campaign. In the Fall of 1777 Thomas Shoemaker's Gwynedd township house was first plundered by Washington's army, then occupied by Taylor and other officers who kept the foragers away. The troops commandeered livestock and hay for the army. The troops did not even leave a milk

neg: Valley Forge among other places. In the two winter encampments prior to Valley Forge, the Continental army had sheltered themselves in a combination of tents, constructed huts, civilian barns and other buildings. Valley Forge would mark the first time Washington ordered the army primarily concentrated into a more permanent post where they constructed their own shelters. This strategic shift encouraged a whole new host of problems for the American Patriots. The Valley Forge encampment became the Continental Army's first large-scale construction of living quarters. While no accurate account exists for the exact number of log huts built, experts estimate a range between

neg: Valley Forge Monmouth. Continental soldiers under the command of General Charles Lee engaged the British, in approximately five hours of continuous fighting in a ferocious heat. That night, British commander Sir Henry Clinton moved his army out of Freehold and resumed their march to Manhattan. Both sides claimed elements of victory. The British army completed its march to New York City, while the Continental Army had forced a battle and performed admirably overall. The standardized training instilled in veterans and new recruits at Valley Forge improved their performance on the battlefield. Valley Forge long occupied a prominent place in U.S. storytelling and

neg: Valley Forge sewn under the eyes of the enemy." While these women provided crucial assistance, most people remained relatively unaware of the Continental Army's plight—"an unavoidable result of a general policy" to prevent such intelligence from reaching the British. The Continental Army did not experience a particularly harsh winter at Valley Forge, but many soldiers remained unfit for duty, owing to the lack of proper clothing and uniforms ("naked" referred to a ragged or improperly attired individual). Years later, General Marquis de Lafayette recalled that "the unfortunate soldiers were in want of everything; they had neither coats, hats, shirts, nor shoes; their

neg: Valley Forge Pilgrimage Valley Forge Pilgrimage The Valley Forge Pilgrimage and Encampment is the oldest annual Scouting event in the World. It was first held on February 22, 1913 (George Washington's 181st birthday), and has been held every year since. The event is hosted by the Cradle of Liberty Council and commemorates the soldiers of the Continental Army who braved the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Each year more than 2,000 brave the winter chill of the Delaware Valley to participate. Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was only three years old, and was sweeping the country when approximately 300 Scouts from Philadelphia

neg: Valley Forge Washington's aide-de-camp Colonel Richard Kidder Meade met her at the Susquehanna ferry dock to escort her into the encampment. Over the next six months, Martha hosted political leaders and military officials, managing domestic staff within the confined space of Washington's Headquarters. Contrary to popular perceptions, Valley Forge had a high percentage of racial and ethnic diversity, since Washington's army comprised individuals from all thirteen states. About thirty percent of Continental soldiers at Valley Forge did not speak English as their first language. Many soldiers and commanders hailed from German-speaking communities, as with Pennsylvania-born Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg. Still others spoke

neg: Valley Forge Washington ordered inoculations for any soldiers vulnerable to the disease. A precursor to vaccination (introduced by Edward Jenner in 1798), inoculation gave the patient a milder form of smallpox with better recovery rates than if the patient had acquired the disease naturally. The procedure provided lifetime immunity from a disease with a roughly fifteen to thirty-three percent mortality rate. In June 1778, when the Continental Army marched out of Valley Forge, they had completed "the first large-scale, state-sponsored immunization campaign in history." By continuing the inoculation program for new recruits, Washington better maintained military strength among the regular, Continental Army

neg: Valley Forge burned down the forges and other buildings. Political, strategic, and environmental factors all influenced the Continental Army's decision to establish their encampment near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania in the winter of 1777-1778. Washington conferred with his officers to select the site that would be most advantageous to his army. Washington first asked his generals where to quarter the Continental Army in the winter of 1777–1778 on October 29, 1777. In addition to suggestions from his officers, Washington also had to contend with the recommendations of politicians. Pennsylvania state legislators and the Continental Congress expected the Continental Army to select an encampment

neg: Valley Creek (Pennsylvania) Valley Creek (Pennsylvania) Valley Creek is a tributary of the Schuylkill River in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, flowing through an area known as the Great Valley. Around 1740 a forge was erected along Valley Creek near its confluence with the Schuylkill. This gave rise to the community of Valley Forge. Later the creek powered a saw mill and grist mill there. In 1777, the forge and mills were destroyed by the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. In December 1777, George Washington chose Valley Forge as the site for the winter encampment of the Continental Army partly

neg: National Memorial Arch National Memorial Arch The United States National Memorial Arch, located in Valley Forge National Historical Park, Chester County, Pennsylvania, is a monument built to celebrate the arrival of General George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Valley Forge was the military camp 18 miles northwest of Philadelphia where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777–78 during the American Revolutionary War. Starvation, disease, malnutrition, and exposure killed more than 2,500 American soldiers by the end of February 1778. The Memorial Arch was planned during the height of the post-Civil War memory boom. During this period of around

neg: National Memorial Arch Mifflin" "Greene Steuben" "Lafayette Stirling" "Lee Sullivan" Brigadier Generals "Armstrong Patterson" "Du Portail Poor" "Glover Scott" "Huntington Smalewood" "Knox Varnum" "Learned Wayne" "Mintosh Weedon" "Maxwell Woodford" "Muhlenberg Pulaski" National Memorial Arch The United States National Memorial Arch, located in Valley Forge National Historical Park, Chester County, Pennsylvania, is a monument built to celebrate the arrival of General George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Valley Forge was the military camp 18 miles northwest of Philadelphia where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777–78 during the American Revolutionary War. Starvation, disease, malnutrition, and exposure killed more than

neg: Valley Forge reforms to the supply department. In March 1778, Congress also appointed Nathanael Greene as Quartermaster General, who reluctantly accepted at Washington's behest. One of the Continental Army's most able generals, Greene did not want an administrative position. Yet he and his staff better supplied the troops at a time when the weather began to improve, and with it, road conditions. The Schuylkill River also thawed, allowing the Continental Army to more easily to transport convoys from the main supply depot at Reading. With the fourth largest population in (former) British North America, maintaining cleanliness remained a challenge for the Continental

neg: Washington's Headquarters (Valley Forge) Washington's Headquarters (Valley Forge) Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge, also known as the Isaac Potts House, is a historic house that is one of the centerpieces of Valley Forge National Historical Park in southeastern Pennsylvania. Probably built about 1773, General George Washington made his headquarters here during the encampment at Valley Forge of the Continental Army between December 1777 and June 1778. The restored building is part of the Valley Forge National Historical Park and is open to the public. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972. Washington's Valley Forge Headquarters stands between Pennsylvania Route 23 and the

neg: Valley Forge anyway. After the British landing at Head of Elk (present-day Elkton), Maryland on August 25, 1777, the British Army maneuvered out of the Chesapeake basin and towards Valley Forge. Following the Battle of Brandywine (September 11, 1777) and the abortive Battle of the Clouds (September 16), on September 18 several hundred soldiers under General Wilhelm von Knyphausen raided the supply magazine at Valley Forge. Despite the best efforts of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton and Captain Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee, the two Continental army officers selected to evacuate the supplies from Valley Forge, Crown soldiers captured supplies, destroyed others, and

neg: Valley Forge, Pennsylvania encampment of George Washington's Continental Army during the winter of 1777 to 1778. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania The Village of Valley Forge is an unincorporated settlement located on the west side of Valley Forge National Historical Park at the confluence of Valley Creek and the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania, United States. The remaining village is in Schuylkill Township of Chester County, but once spanned Valley Creek into Montgomery County. The name Valley Forge is often used to refer to anywhere in the general vicinity of the park, and many places actually in King of Prussia, Trooper, Oaks, and other nearby communities

neg: Valley Forge, York County, Pennsylvania Valley Forge, York County, Pennsylvania Valley Forge is a village in the southwest corner of Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located just to the northeast of the city of York near the intersection of US Route 30 and North Sherman Street. Harley-Davidson's York plant is nominally located in Valley Forge. This Valley Forge is one of two communities in Pennsylvania with the same name. The other Valley Forge is roughly east, in Chester County. The other village is the one associated with the pivotal winter encampment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

neg: Valley Forge Pilgrimage how more than 2,000 soldiers died from typhus, dysentery, typhoid and pneumonia. The Valley Forge Historical Trail is a 9-mile hiking trail through the Valley Forge National Park. Valley Forge Pilgrimage The Valley Forge Pilgrimage and Encampment is the oldest annual Scouting event in the World. It was first held on February 22, 1913 (George Washington's 181st birthday), and has been held every year since. The event is hosted by the Cradle of Liberty Council and commemorates the soldiers of the Continental Army who braved the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Each year more than 2,000 brave the winter

neg: Valley Forge article by Mason Locke Weems, an itinerant minister, popular folklorist, and Washington biographer. In Weems's story, a neutral Quaker named Isaac Potts discovered Washington at prayer, relayed the story to his wife, and then declares his support for the U.S. cause. However, Isaac Potts did not live near Valley Forge during the encampment period, and did not wed his wife until 1803. Despite these dubious origins, many have repeated the story over the years. Valley Forge Valley Forge functioned as the third of eight military encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington. In September 1777,

neg: Maxwell Anderson of humanities degree from the University of North Dakota in 1958. Two of Anderson's other historical plays, "Valley Forge", about George Washington's winter there with the Continental Army, and "Barefoot in Athens", concerning the trial of Socrates, were adapted for television. "Valley Forge" was adapted for television on three occasions – in 1950, 1951 and 1975. Anderson wrote book and lyrics for two successful musicals with composer Kurt Weill. "Knickerbocker Holiday", about the early Dutch settlers of New York, featured Walter Huston as Peter Stuyvesant. The show's standout number, "September Song", became a popular standard. So did the title song

neg: USS Valley Forge (CG-50) USS Valley Forge (CG-50) USS "Valley Forge" (CG-50) was a in the United States Navy. She was named for Valley Forge, where the Continental Army camped during one winter in the American Revolution. The ship was built by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and was launched on 29 September 1984, by her sponsor Julia Vadala Taft, wife of Deputy Secretary of Defense William H. Taft IV. During the 1986 RIMPAC naval exercise, she acted as the plane guard for the aircraft carrier . In March 2003, "Valley Forge" was assigned to Destroyer Squadron 21. The ship was decommissioned on 31

neg: USS Valley Forge (CV-45) USS Valley Forge (CV-45) USS "Valley Forge" (CV/CVA/CVS-45, LPH-8) was one of 24 s built during and shortly after World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was the first US Navy ship to bear the name, and was named after Valley Forge, the 1777–1778 winter encampment of General George Washington's Continental Army. "Valley Forge" was commissioned in November 1946, too late to serve in World War II, but saw extensive service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. She was reclassified in the early 1950s as an attack carrier (CVA), then to an antisubmarine carrier (CVS),

neg: USS Valley Forge (CG-50) August 2004, at San Diego Naval Station, the first ship with the Aegis combat system withdrawn from service. "Valley Forge" was sunk on 2 November 2006, as part of a target practice on a test range near Kauai, Hawaii. USS Valley Forge (CG-50) USS "Valley Forge" (CG-50) was a in the United States Navy. She was named for Valley Forge, where the Continental Army camped during one winter in the American Revolution. The ship was built by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and was launched on 29 September 1984, by her sponsor Julia Vadala Taft, wife of Deputy Secretary of

neg: American Revolutionary War effective training regime, and largely inexperienced officers and sergeants. The inexperience of its officers was compensated for in part by a few senior officers. The Americans solved their training dilemma during their stint in Winter Quarters at Valley Forge, where they were relentlessly drilled and trained by General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, a veteran of the famed Prussian General Staff. He taught the Continental Army the essentials of military discipline, drills, tactics and strategy, and wrote the Revolutionary War Drill Manual. When the Army emerged from Valley Forge, it proved its ability to equally match the British troops in battle

neg: Valley Forge National Historical Park 12,000 troops) was encamped at Valley Forge. The site was chosen because it was between the seat of the Second Continental Congress in York, supply depots in Reading, and British forces in Philadelphia away, which fell after the Battle of Brandywine. This was a time of great suffering for the army, but it was also a time of retraining and rejuvenation. The shared hardship of the officers and soldiers of the army, combined with Baron Friedrich von Steuben's professional military training program, are considered key to the subsequent success of the Continental Army and marks a turning point in the

neg: Pennsylvania Route 23 southeast through wooded areas of residential development. The route reaches the community of Valley Forge, where it curves east and enters Valley Forge National Historical Park, the site where General George Washington and the Continental Army made an important winter encampment during the American Revolutionary War. Upon crossing Valley Creek, PA 23 enters Upper Merion Township in Montgomery County and intersects the northern terminus of PA 252. The route becomes Valley Forge Park Road and intersects Gulph Road to the south of Washington's Headquarters. The road continues east through fields and woods within Valley Forge National Historical Park, passing near

neg: Valley Forge allied themselves with the American Patriots, the civil war between British and American colonials spilled over into a civil war between the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy. Among the challenges befalling the Continental Army during the Valley Forge winter included poor organization. Two years of revolutionary war, shuffling leadership, and uneven recruitment resulted in irregular unit organization and strength. During the Valley Forge encampment, the army was reorganized into five divisions under Major Generals Charles Lee, Marquis de Lafayette, Johan de Kalb, and William Alexander "Lord Stirling," with Brigadier General Anthony Wayne serving in place of Mifflin.

neg: Valley Forge the Valley Forge winter, the most organized of these threats (albeit loosely-organized) was the so-called Conway Cabal. The Conway Cabal involved an attempt by a handful of military officers and American politicians to replace Washington with Major General Horatio Gates as the head of the Continental army. The movement was nominally led by Thomas Conway, a foreign Continental army general and critic of Washington's leadership. If the cabal ever posed any real threat to Washington's leadership, a series of leaks and embarrassing exposures in the fall and winter of 1777 and 1778 dissolved the threat. Thanks to the demise of

neg: Religious views of George Washington Anglican Church. As an infant he was baptized in April 1732. During the Revolutionary War it has been suggested that Washington was again baptized by the Baptist chaplain to the Continental Army John Gano at Valley Forge. Washington biographer Rupert Hughes determined that Rev. Gano served with Clinton's army, not with Washington's, that the location is sometimes given as Valley Forge and sometimes as the Potomac, that there is no documentation of Gano ever being at Valley Forge, that there is nothing in Gano's own correspondence or his biography to suggest that the event took place, and that none of

neg: David Havard House during the encampment of Washington's army at Valley Forge from December 1777 through June 1778. Upon the arrival of the Continental Army at Valley Forge, the David Havard House served as quarters for Colonel William Bradford and Colonel Elias Boudinot, who were brothers-in-law. Bradford's older brother Thomas, a captain, arrived in January 1778, and their father, Colonel William Bradford Sr., joined them in April 1778. General Charles Lee, who had been held prisoner by the British in New York, first arrived in Valley Forge in April 1778, after Boudinot negotiated an exchange of prisoners. He took up residence in the

neg: 2nd Virginia State Regiment the Continental Army in the Philadelphia Campaign. By May, 1778, the regiment was in Valley Forge training with the Continental Army. The regiment camped at Middlebrook in the winter of 1778-79 and participated in the Battle of Monmouth. The regiment remained in the service of the Continental Army until late 1779 when called back to Virginia. In April and May 1780, most of the regiment was discharged. The remaining companies of the Virginia state regiments were organized under Colonel Charles Dabney in the summer of 1781 and were under his command at the siege of Yorktown. It was disbanded in

neg: Gouverneur Morris the army encamped at Valley Forge, he was so appalled by the conditions of the troops that he became the spokesman for the Continental Army in congress and subsequently helped enact substantial reforms in its training, methods, and financing. He also signed the Articles of Confederation in 1778. In 1778, when the Conway Cabal was at its peak, some members of the Continental Congress attempted a no-confidence vote against George Washington. If it had succeeded, then George Washington would have been court-martialed and dismissed as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. At that time, Gouverneur Morris cast the decisive tie-breaking vote

neg: Nicholas Gilman a harsh winter in the snows of Valley Forge. That winter encampment put the units of the Continental Army to their supreme test, a time of suffering and deprivation from which they emerged as a tough, professional combat team. Gilman's administrative skills came to the fore at this time. When Washington selected Colonel Scammell to serve as the Continental Army's Adjutant General, Scammell made Gilman his assistant. Promotion to the rank of captain followed in June 1778. For the remainder of the war, Gilman found himself in close proximity to the military leaders of the Continental Army. His duties in

neg: 1st Virginia State Regiment Virginia General Assembly passed an act directing that the 1st Virginia State Regiment "now in Continental service, be continued in said service instead of the Ninth Virginia Regiment, made prisoners by the enemy in the Battle of Germantown." The regiment camped at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78 and at Middlebrook in the winter of 1778-79 and participated in the Battle of Monmouth. The regiment remained in the service of the Continental Army until late 1779 when redeployed Virginia. Unlike the standard division of eight found in the regular line regiments of the Continental Army, the 1st Virginia State

neg: Valley Forge of brush, canvas, or clapboards. In a letter to his wife Adrienne, Lafayette described the huts as "small barracks, which are scarcely more cheerful than dungeons." The Continental Army that marched into Valley Forge consisted of about 12,000 people—soldiers, artificers, women, and children. Throughout the winter, patriot commanders and legislators faced the challenge of supplying a population the size of a colonial city. In May and June 1777, the Continental Congress had authorized the reorganization of the supply department. Implementation of those changes never fully took effect, due to the fighting surrounding Philadelphia. Consequently, the supply chain had broken down

neg: Departments of the Continental Army this department. These included the New York campaign and the New Jersey campaign which ended with the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The Philadelphia campaign was fought in this department, after which the Continental Army went into winter quarters at Valley Forge. In 1778 this department was the scene of the Monmouth campaign. After Monmouth, on June 28, 1778, major military operations in the United States shifted to the Southern Department. The department existed until the close of the war. It was the scene of one of the war's last episodes when the British Army evacuated New York City on

neg: 8th North Carolina Regiment Sr. 1720-1800 was a 2nd Major in the Carteret County Militia, many confuse the father and son). 8th North Carolina Regiment The 8th North Carolina Regiment was raised on 16 September 1776 at Halifax, North Carolina for service with the Continental Army. The unit saw action at the Battle of Brandywine and Battle of Germantown. The regiment was disbanded on 1 June 1778 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. At Valley Forge the field officers were Colonel James Armstrong, Lieutenant Colonel Levi Dawson, and Major Pinketham Eaton. Some of the known company commanders at Valley Forge were Captain Francis Tartanson, Captain John

neg: 8th North Carolina Regiment 8th North Carolina Regiment The 8th North Carolina Regiment was raised on 16 September 1776 at Halifax, North Carolina for service with the Continental Army. The unit saw action at the Battle of Brandywine and Battle of Germantown. The regiment was disbanded on 1 June 1778 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. At Valley Forge the field officers were Colonel James Armstrong, Lieutenant Colonel Levi Dawson, and Major Pinketham Eaton. Some of the known company commanders at Valley Forge were Captain Francis Tartanson, Captain John Walsh, Captain Joseph Rhodes, Captain Michael Quinn, Captain Henry Pope and Captain William Dennis Jr (William Dennis

neg: Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters and serves as part of the park's historic landscape. Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters The General Friedrich Von Steuben Headquarters is a historic house on Pennsylvania Route 23 in Valley Forge National Historical Park in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Built about 1770, it has been advanced as a possible residence of Baron Friedrich von Steuben (1730-1794), the Prussian drill-master of Continental Army troops during the 1777-78 Valley Forge encampment. The house, which is a partial reconstruction, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972. The Von Steuben Headquarters House is located near the western edge of Valley Forge National Historical Park,

neg: Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters Gen. Frederick Von Steuben Headquarters The General Friedrich Von Steuben Headquarters is a historic house on Pennsylvania Route 23 in Valley Forge National Historical Park in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Built about 1770, it has been advanced as a possible residence of Baron Friedrich von Steuben (1730-1794), the Prussian drill-master of Continental Army troops during the 1777-78 Valley Forge encampment. The house, which is a partial reconstruction, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972. The Von Steuben Headquarters House is located near the western edge of Valley Forge National Historical Park, on the north side of Pennsylvania Route 23, just

neg: Valley Forge even before the Continental Army arrived at Valley Forge. Washington chose the area partly for its strategic benefits, but wintertime road conditions impeded supply wagons en route to the encampment. That winter, starvation killed perhaps as many as 1,500 horses, but soldiers fared better. Nonetheless, they suffered from continual, gnawing hunger due to inconsistent supplies. At Valley Forge, Washington ordered that soldiers' rations include either one to one-and-a-half pounds of flour or bread, one pound of salted beef or fish, or three-quarters pound of salted pork, one gill of whiskey or spirits, or one-and-a-half pounds of flour or bread, a

neg: Daniel Roberdeau Pennsylvania delegation to the Continental Congress to be replaced with members who supported a Declaration of Independence. As a result, he was named to the Committee of Safety, and on July 4, 1776 was named a brigadier general in the state militia. Roberdeau was first elected to the Continental Congress in February 1777 and served there until 1779. Later that year, when the Continental Army entered winter quarters at Valley Forge, he worked with General Washington to set up a militia support network known as the Flying Camp, and served as its commander. In April 1778, Roberdeau took a short

neg: Valley Forge New York City. On June 18, 1778, the British army completed its evacuation of Philadelphia, and began the long overland march through New Jersey towards New York City. The next day, the Continental Army marched out of Valley Forge in pursuit of their enemy. As they marched through south and central New Jersey, the British destroyed property and confiscated supplies and food, inspiring growing enmity among the area's civilians. Meanwhile, small-scale cooperative operations between the Continentals and New Jersey militia constantly harassed and exhausted the British forces. The armies met on the morning of June 28, beginning the Battle of

neg: Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania Gulph Mills is an unincorporated community in Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It is served by the Upper Merion Area School District. There is a station on the Norristown High Speed Line. A grist mill built here in 1747 supplied flour to the Continental Army during their stay at Valley Forge. General George Washington's army encamped in the area for a week before departing for winter quarters at Valley Forge. Washington used the area as an ammunition depot during the autumn of 1777. The encampment is marked by a memorial erected by the Sons of the

neg: 4th Continental Artillery Regiment through the house by the windows, causing the Americans to believe that the defenders had their own artillery. The British successfully defended the Chew House and were rescued when the American army retreated. At Valley Forge Proctor's Regiment lost many men through desertion. To replace these losses, Washington asked Congress to transfer Colonel Charles Harrison's Continental Artillery Regiment from Virginia to the main army. Captain Francis Proctor's company of Proctor's Regiment was present at the Battle of Monmouth on 28 June 1778. In the combat, Brigadier General Knox commanded a brigade of four artillery regiments plus an independent company that

neg: Valley Forge, York County, Pennsylvania Since the Continental Congress spent that same winter in York, near this Valley Forge, there is room for confusion. The other Valley Forge is also the control city used on Interstate 76. Valley Forge is located at . Valley Forge, York County, Pennsylvania Valley Forge is a village in the southwest corner of Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located just to the northeast of the city of York near the intersection of US Route 30 and North Sherman Street. Harley-Davidson's York plant is nominally located in Valley Forge. This Valley Forge is one of two

neg: Fatland (Audubon, Pennsylvania) Continental Army returned to the area in December 1777 for the six month Valley Forge encampment. The majority of troops encamped south of the river, but Vaux's farm was the site of troop encampments and support facilities. General John Sullivan supervised construction of a floating-log bridge slightly downstream from Fatland Ford. This bridge provided a river crossing in times of high water, and an escape route in the event of a British attack. The floating bridge was destroyed by ice in 1779. The British army, in September, 1777, passed from Valley Forge to the left bank of the Schuylkill by

neg: Connecticut Line Georgia. The quotas for states outside New England included regiments that had been on the Continental establishment earlier, but the term Continental Line was now broadened to include the lines of all the states. While the Main Army, that portion of Washington’s army under his immediate command, was in winter quarters at Valley Forge, the Congress acted to reduce the size and increase the tactical efficiency of the Continental Army. On May 27, 1778, it resolved that the number of infantry regiments be reduced from 88 to 80. The quota of regiments assigned to the states was 3 from New

neg: Valley Forge site that could protect the countryside around Philadelphia. Some members of the Continental Congress also believed that the army might be able to launch a winter campaign. Interested parties suggested other sites for an encampment, including Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware. However, following the inconclusive Battle of Whitemarsh from December 5–8, increasing numbers of officers and politicians began to appreciate the need to defend the greater Philadelphia region from British incursions. Considering these questions, an encampment at Valley Forge had notable advantages. Valley Forge's high terrain meant that enemy attacks would be difficult. Its location allowed for soldiers to be

neg: Massachusetts Line Company; and the remnant of Walbridge's Company was consolidated with Putnam's Regiment and reorganized as Goodale's Company. The remnant of the 14th Continental Regiment, under Colonel John Glover, was disbanded in eastern Pennsylvania on December 31, 1776. Glover later returned to the Continental service as a general officer and commanded one of the Continental Army's Massachusetts brigades. His third in command, Major William Raymond Lee, became the colonel of Lee's Additional Continental Regiment. While the Main Army, that portion of Washington's army under his immediate command, was in winter quarters at Valley Forge, the Congress acted to reduce the size

neg: Lachlan McIntosh the leg. McIntosh would recover from his wounds, but Gwinnett's wound was mortal and he died three days later. Gwinnett's allies had McIntosh charged with murder, but he was acquitted in the ensuing trial. George Washington, fearing Gwinnett's allies would take revenge on McIntosh, ordered him to report to Continental Army headquarters on October 10. He spent the winter of 1777–1778 with the Continental Army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, where he commanded several regiments of North Carolina troops. On May 26, 1778, McIntosh was given command of the Western Department of the Continental Army, headquartered at Fort Pitt (present-day Pittsburgh,

neg: Battle of Germantown at Saratoga, decided to lend greater aid to the Americans. Howe did not vigorously pursue the defeated Americans, instead turning his attention to clearing the Delaware River of obstacles at Red Bank and Fort Mifflin. After unsuccessfully attempting to draw Washington into combat at White Marsh, Howe withdrew to Philadelphia. Washington, his army intact, withdrew to Valley Forge, where he wintered and re-trained his forces. The Philadelphia campaign had begun badly for the Americans. Washington's Continental Army suffered a string of defeats at Cooch's Bridge, Brandywine, and Paoli. After inflicting a stinging defeat on Anthony Wayne's division at Paoli on

neg: King of Prussia, Pennsylvania a seasonal poolside club called Valley Beach. Valley Forge National Historical Park, which consists of the site where General George Washington and the Continental Army made their encampment at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78 in the American Revolutionary War, is located to the west of King of Prussia. King of Prussia is home to the King of Prussia Volunteer Fire Company 9/11 Memorial honoring the lives lost in the September 11 attacks. The memorial, which was dedicated by the King of Prussia Volunteer Fire Company on the 10th anniversary of the attacks in 2011, consists of two steel

neg: Jacob Nagle Jacob Nagle Jacob Nagle (1761–1841) was an American and British soldier, sailor, and, above all, diarist who provides an exceptional first hand account of many of the dramatic events of his lifetime. Nagle was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, and fought in the American Revolutionary War along with his father. He was in the Battle of Brandywine and in George Washington's artillery at Valley Forge. He resigned from the Continental Army in 1778 and enlisted in the tiny Continental Navy. When construction on the "USS Saratoga" was delayed, Nagle took to sea as a privateer in 1780 on "Fair American", then

neg: Finesville, New Jersey a dam and ran an oil mill, gristmill, sawmill, hotel and a store. The area was first built up as a permanent settlement due to the construction of Chelsea Forge, built in 1751, a charcoal-iron forge on the Musconetcong. The forge helped to provide the Continental Army with weapons to defend Valley Forge. The Shank Brothers ran a ferry across the Delaware River from the point where the Musconetcong empties into it prior to 1800. The Fein gristmill burned and was later rebuilt as the Riegel Paper Corporation's paper mill and became the Taylor Stiles and Company knife factory. On

neg: Molly Pitcher meeting in the Presbyterian Church in Carlisle, and William Hays' name appears on a list of people who were charged with enforcing it. In 1777, William Hays enlisted in Proctor's 4th Pennsylvania Artillery, which became Proctor's 4th Artillery of the Continental Army. During the winter of 1777, Molly Hays joined her husband at the Continental Army's winter camp at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. She was one of a group of women, led by Martha Washington, who would wash clothes and blankets and care for sick and dying soldiers. In early 1778, the Continental Army trained under Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

neg: Samuel Brady considerably. In the end, there was little, if any element of surprise, and the British stoutly repulsed the Colonials at heavy cost to the Colonials. After his defeat at the Battle of Germantown, Washington set up camp at Valley Forge, where the hardships endured by the Continental Army that cold winter are legendary. Samuel Brady likely wintered with George Washington at Valley Forge in that terrible winter of 1777 and 1778. In the Spring of 1778, General Washington logically deployed the Pennsylvanians to the Pennsylvania and Ohio frontiers (their home territory, with which they would have both familiarity with the

neg: Arnold Friberg nomination. In 1968, Friberg was commissioned by Chevrolet to create a series of paintings showing the greatest moments in college football, including "The First Game", played in New Brunswick, New Jersey on November 6, 1869 between Rutgers College and the visiting College of New Jersey, for use in their 1969 advertising campaign. After extensive research on the location during winter and the equipment and gear used by Revolutionary War soldiers, Friberg created his 1975 painting "The Prayer at Valley Forge". This depicts George Washington praying while the Continental Army winters at Valley Forge in Pennsylvania during 1777 and 1778. In

neg: Bridgeport, Pennsylvania Bridgeport, Pennsylvania Bridgeport is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, north of Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River. Former industries included paper, flour, cotton, woolen mills, steel works, and brickyards. Bridgeport is east of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. In 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington and the Continental Army passed through Bridgeport on their way to their winter encampment in Valley Forge. 3,097 people lived in Bridgeport in 1900; 3,860 in 1910; and 5,904 in 1940. The population was 4,554 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of ,

neg: Bridgeport, Pennsylvania The structure, including trestle approaches and spans over the river, has been believed to be "perhaps the longest bridge on an American interurban railroad". Bridgeport, Pennsylvania Bridgeport is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, north of Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River. Former industries included paper, flour, cotton, woolen mills, steel works, and brickyards. Bridgeport is east of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. In 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington and the Continental Army passed through Bridgeport on their way to their winter encampment in Valley Forge. 3,097 people lived in Bridgeport in 1900; 3,860 in 1910; and 5,904 in

neg: Israel Angell served with the regiment in the Siege of Boston. When the Continental Army was reorganized on January 1, 1776, Hitchcock's Regiment was re-designated as the 11th Continental Infantry. Late in 1776, Hitchcock was appointed as a brigade commander and Angell assumed command of the regiment. The regiment was re-designated as the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment on January 1, 1777 and Angell was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment. A few days later, he was promoted to colonel in command of the regiment following the death of Colonel Hitchcock on January 13, 1777. Angell served at Valley Forge in the

neg:
Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment Valley Forge and was present at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778. The regiment absorbed Forman's Additional Continental Regiment and part of Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment in April 1779. Spencer's Regiment went on the Sullivan Expedition in the summer of 1779 where it fought together with the New Jersey Brigade. The unit was transferred to the Highland Department in September 1780 and disbanded in January 1781.

 Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment or 5th New Jersey Regiment was an American infantry unit that served for four years in the Continental Army during the American

neg: Philadelphia Pepper Pot Philadelphia Pepper Pot Pepper Pot is a thick stew of beef tripe, vegetables, pepper and other seasonings. The origins of the stew are steeped in legend, with one story attributing the dish to Christopher Ludwick, baker general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. According to this story, during the harsh winter of 1777–1778 farmers near Valley Forge sold food to the British rather than accepting the weak continental currency. The Continental Army survived on soup made of tripe, vegetables, and whatever else they could find. In the early 19th century, artist John Lewis Krimmel depicted the pepper

neg: George Washington stemming desertion. Washington had repeatedly petitioned the Continental Congress for badly needed provisions without success. Finally, five Congressmen came to Valley Forge on January 24, 1778, to check the conditions of the Continental Army. Washington expressed the urgency of the situation, proclaiming: "Something must be done. Important alterations must be made." He also recommended that Congress take control of the Army supply system, pay for supplies, and hasten them to the troops. In response to his urging, Congress agreed to fund the army's supply lines and reorganized the commissary department that gathered the supplies for the Army. By late February,

neg: Continental Army mutinies late in the war drastically diminished the reliability of two of the main units, and there were constant discipline problems. The army increased its effectiveness and success rate through a series of trials and errors, often at great human cost. General Washington and other distinguished officers were instrumental leaders in preserving unity, learning and adapting, and ensuring discipline throughout the eight years of war. In the winter of 1777–1778, with the addition of Baron von Steuben, of Prussian origin, the training and discipline of the Continental Army began to vastly improve. (This was the infamous winter at Valley Forge.)

neg: Henry Burbeck briefly joined the army at Saratoga until he was assigned to Pennsylvania to join Gen. George Washington's army. He fought in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. He remained in the Artillery Corps under General Henry Knox and, in 1777, assumed command of a company of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment commanded by Colonel John Crane. He marched with General Washington and the Continental Army from Valley Forge to New Jersey in 1778. Following the march, he fought in the Battle of Monmouth. His unit was sent North and he remained in White Plains, New York, to defend the Hudson

neg: Washington Memorial Chapel 19, 1903, the 125th anniversary of the evacuation of the Continental Army from Valley Forge, the cornerstone was laid on property donated by the I. Heston Todd family. A small wood-framed building nearby preceded the present structure. Following President Theodore Roosevelt's visit to the site and address in 1904, the original wooden building was named the ""Theodore Roosevelt Chapel"." It was demolished after completion of the present chapel. The Chapel's exterior was completed in 1917 and its interior in 1921. It serves as a wayside chapel to those who visit Valley Forge National Historical Park, and is open to the

neg: Valley Forge National Historical Park A Winter Encampment" is shown in the park's theater next door. A key attraction of the park is the restored colonial home used by General George Washington as his headquarters during the encampment. Rehabilitation of the headquarters area was completed in summer 2009, and included the restoration of the old Valley Forge train station into an information center, new guided tours, new exhibits throughout the landscape, and the elimination of several acres of modern paving and restoration of the historic landscape. Quarters of other Continental Army generals are also in the park, including those of Huntington, Varnum, Lord Stirling, Lafayette,

neg: Hanging Rock (Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania) Hanging Rock (Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania) Hanging Rock, also known as Overhanging Rock, is a historic natural feature located in Gulph Mills, Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It is a large natural outcropping of shale that protrudes approximately eight feet over the roadway. The roadway, Pennsylvania Route 320 (Gulph Road), was laid out as a public highway in 1711-1712. The road was traveled by General George Washington and the Continental Army into Valley Forge for the winter encampment of 1777-1778. The rock was dedicated as a memorial to that march by the Valley Forge Historical Society in 1924. It

neg: Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania Hanging Rock and Poplar Lane are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 17.2 square miles (44.7 km), of which, 16.9 square miles (43.7 km) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km) of it (2.20%) is water. Upper Merion Township is home to Valley Forge National Historical Park, which consists of the site where General George Washington and the Continental Army made their encampment at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78 in the American Revolutionary War. King of Prussia, which is

neg: Valley Forge Sir William Howe as British Commander-in-Chief of Land Forces in North America, and had to divert troops from Philadelphia to the Crown's valuable West Indies possessions. The British also feared a French naval blockade of Philadelphia, so in June, Clinton abandoned it for New York City—a loyalist stronghold. On June 18, Washington and his troops marched after them, with the remainders vacating Valley Forge one day later—exactly six months after the Continental Army had arrived. Following the formal declaration of the Franco-American alliance, the British decided to abandon Pennsylvania, fearing they could not continue to occupy to both Philadelphia and

neg: Valley Forge the so-called Conway Cabal, following the Valley Forge encampment George Washington's reputation in the American war effort improved. Increasing military efficiency, morale, and discipline improved the army's well-being with better supply of food and arms. The Continental Army had been hindered in battle because units administered training from a variety of field manuals, making coordinated battle movements awkward and difficult. They struggled with basic formations and lacked uniformity, thanks to multiple drilling techniques taught in various ways by different officers. The task of developing and carrying out an effective training program fell to Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a Prussian drill

neg: John Laurens Camp Hill, which served as Washington's headquarters through the Battle of White Marsh. After spending the remainder of the winter of 1777–1778 encamped at Valley Forge, Laurens marched to New Jersey with the rest of the Continental Army at the end of June 1778, to face the British at the Battle of Monmouth. Near the start of battle, Laurens had his horse shot out from under him while he did reconnaissance for Baron von Steuben. On December 23, 1778, Laurens engaged in a duel with General Charles Lee just outside Philadelphia, after Laurens took offense to Lee's slander of Washington's

neg: Alexander Scammell regiment at Saratoga, and distinguished himself bravely in the battles of Freeman's Farm and Bemis Heights, and was possibly wounded in the latter battle (In letters to his brother he did not indicate being wounded and that bullets had passed through his clothing and hit the breech of his weapon). At this time Henry Dearborn, (who later became secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson), and his light infantry were under his command. Just two days after Burgoyne's surrender the regiment moved to winter quarters at Valley Forge where Scammell was appointed adjutant general of the Continental Army by Gen.

neg: Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment (a.k.a. Sherburne's Battalion) was a unit of the Continental Army which served from January 1, 1777 until it was disbanded on January 1, 1781. It was commanded by Colonel Henry Sherburne. (see below) Sherburne's Regiment was one of sixteen additional regiments authorized by the Continental Congress in late 1776. It was organized on January 12, 1777 with soldiers mostly recruited from Rhode Island and Connecticut. It was at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania during the winter of 1777 to 1778 and was engaged at the Battle of Rhode Island in August 1778. In 1779

neg: Alexander Hamilton to the young United States. Most of the army was then posted at Newburgh, New York. Those in the army were funding much of their own supplies, and they had not been paid in eight months. Furthermore, after Valley Forge, the Continental officers had been promised in May 1778 a pension of half their pay when they were discharged. By the early 1780s, due to the structure of the government under the Articles of Confederation, it had no power to tax to either raise revenue or pay its soldiers. In 1782 after several months without pay, a group of officers

neg: Josiah Harmar George Washington and Henry Lee during the war. Harmar was one of the officers of the Continental Army who served under Washington during the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Washington had a high opinion of Harmar during the Revolutionary War, writing that Harmar was one of the "gentlemen...personally known to me as one of the best officers in the Army". By the end of the war, Harmar was serving as adjutant to General Nathanael Greene, who commanded the Continental Army in the South. A lieutenant colonel at its conclusion, he was chosen by Congress in 1784 to relay the

neg: Bethlehem Pike received from the natives, they concluded the ritual, the sun rose, and the men named the spot Rising Sun. During the American Revolutionary War, British officers gathered near the southern terminus of the modern day pike. They gathered in the days their army faced the Continental Army at Whitemarsh. Further north along the route in the Whitemarsh Valley is the site where George Washington held Howe at bay, thus becoming famous in history as Church Hill. Before heading to Valley Forge, Washington and his army encamped here on December 11, 1777. During the revolution, the pike dealt with a busy

neg: Joseph Reed (politician) desolation, at Valley Forge from December 1777 to May 1778, into victory, at Yorktown on October 19, 1781. Working with James Madison in the Continental Congress, Reed passed a bill that resulted in the surrounding of Charles Cornwallis' army. Once the bill was validated, General Anthony Wayne gathered the resources that were necessary for the Pennsylvania Line to march to Yorktown to engage in the historic siege. On the other hand, Pennsylvania went bankrupt in 1780 due to Constitutionalist policies which mandated state-controlled markets and self-imposed embargoes. Ultimately the state called on Robert Morris to restore the economy. He did

neg: John Marshall John Marshall volunteered for service in the 3rd Virginia Regiment. In 1776, Marshall became a lieutenant in the Eleventh Virginia Regiment of the Continental Army. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in several battles, including the Battle of Brandywine, and endured the winter at Valley Forge. After he was furloughed in 1780, Marshall began attending the College of William and Mary. Marshall read law under the famous Chancellor George Wythe at the College of William and Mary, and he was admitted to the state bar in 1780. After briefly rejoining the Continental Army, Marshall won election to the Virginia

neg: Haym Salomon of the Continental Congress during their stay in Philadelphia, including James Madison and James Wilson. He requested below-market interest rates, and he never asked for repayment. Salomon is believed to have granted outright bequests to men that he thought were unsung heroes of the revolution who had become impoverished during the war. One example is Bodo Otto, a senior surgeon in the continental army. Otto joined the army at the age of 65 and served for the entire war. Among other things, he established the hospital at Valley Forge, where he often used his own funds to purchase medical supplies.

neg: James Mitchell Varnum in Rhode Island was brief because he was commissioned as a brigadier general in the Continental Army in February 1777. He then served as a brigade commander until he resigned in March 1779. During this period he served at the battles of Red Bank, New Jersey in 1777 and the Battle of Rhode Island in 1778. He was also at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777 to 1778. Varnum advocated allowing freed African American slaves to enlist in the Continental Army, which resulted in the reorganization of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment as a racially integrated unit in 1778.

neg: Nero Hawley Nero Hawley Nero Hawley (1742 – January 30, 1817) was an African-American soldier who was born into slavery in North Stratford, Connecticut, and later earned his freedom after enlisting in the Continental Army in place of his owner, Daniel Hawley, on April 20, 1777, during the American Revolution. His heroic life is featured in the 1976 book "From Valley Forge to Freedom", which also notes other areas of present-day Trumbull, Connecticut associated with Hawley. The 2nd Connecticut Regiment was raised in the spring of 1777 for the new army or "Continental Line" and was made up of men and slaves,

neg: Valley Forge 1777 surrender of British General John Burgoyne's army at Saratoga, New York "won for Americans the assistance they needed from other foreign powers." France and the United States subsequently signed a treaty on 6 February 1778, creating a military alliance between the two countries. In response, Great Britain declared war on France five weeks later, on March 17. On May 6, having already received word of the French Alliance, Washington ordered the Continental Army to perform a Grand Feu de Joie, a formal ceremony consisting of a rapid and sequential firing of guns down the ranks. Continental officer George Ewing

neg: Sexual orientation in the United States military officer on the German General staff. Von Steuben escaped Germany where he was threatened with prosecution for homosexuality. He joined Washington's army at Valley Forge in February 1778 accompanied by two young aides. Steuben became an American general, and a senior advisor to Washington. Despite rumors about his parties, there never was an investigation of Steuben and he received a Congressional pension after the war. The first evidence of antipathy to homosexuals serving in the United States military dates from March 11, 1778, when Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold Enslin was drummed out of the Continental Army following his conviction at court-martial

neg: Bodo Otto Bodo Otto Dr. Bodo Otto (17111787) was a Senior Surgeon of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. He was one of the early settlers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, having emigrated from the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg in what is now Germany in 1755. During the Revolution the Second Continental Congress appointed Otto to establish a military hospital in Trenton, New Jersey for the treatment of smallpox. He was present during the Battle of Long Island in 1776. He was also assigned to the Continental hospital at Valley Forge and located in the Uwchlan Meetinghouse. Later during the Revolution, Otto was put

neg: Henry Sherburne (colonel) 1777, Sherburne was commissioned as colonel of his own regiment, named Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment, one of sixteen regiments authorized by the Continental Congress to expand the Continental Army. The regiment consisted of soldiers mostly recruited in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. The regiment was at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during the winter of 1777 to 1778 and was engaged at the Battle of Rhode Island in August 1778. In 1779 the regiment was stationed at West Point, New York where its soldiers built Sherburne's Redoubt, a small fortification covering the land approaches to Fort Clinton. The regiment was also located

neg: Valley Forge National Historical Park features a visitor center, which acts as orientation for visitors to the site. The features of the center include a museum with artifacts found during excavations of the park, an interactive muster roll of Continental soldiers encamped at Valley Forge, ranger-led gallery programs and walks, a storytelling program, a photo gallery, a visitor information desk staffed by Park Rangers, Representatives from the Valley Forge Tourism and Convention Board, & Park Volunteers, and the Encampment Store for books and souvenirs. 90-minute Trolley tours of the park and bike rentals are available seasonally from this location. A short 18-minute film, "Valley Forge:

neg: 5th North Carolina Regiment 5th North Carolina Regiment The 5th North Carolina Regiment was assigned on March 26, 1776, to the Continental Army in the Southern Department. It was organized in the spring of 1776 at Wilmington, North Carolina, as eight companies of volunteers from the districts of New Bern, Edenton and Hillsborough of the colony of North Carolina. On 5 February 1777, the regiment was assigned to the main Continental Army and assigned to the North Carolina Brigade on 8 July 1777. The regiment was reduced to a cadre on 1 June 1778 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and was assigned to the Southern

neg: Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment assigned to the Main Army, and spent the winter at Valley Forge. One of its lieutenants, Frederick Gotthold Enslin, was drummed out of the army in February 1778 for allegedly attempting sodomy. The regiment next saw action in the 1778 Battle of Monmouth, and then spent its remaining time in the Highlands Department, where Colonel Malcolm was at times commander at West Point. The regiment was broken up as follows: the Pennsylvania companies on January 13, 1779 were assigned to the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment, and the New York companies on April 1, 1779 were assigned to Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment.

neg: Thomas Marshall (Virginia politician, born 1730) right, and, though attacked by greatly superior numbers, maintained its position without losing an inch of ground until its ammunition was nearly expended and more than half its officers and one third of the soldiers were killed or wounded. The safety of the Continental Army on this occasion was largely due to the good conduct of Colonel Marshall and his command. The House of Burgesses voted him a sword. At Germantown, his regiment covered the retreat of the Continental Army. He was with Washington at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. He was afterward ordered to the south, and was surrendered by General

neg: Dogs in the American Revolutionary War I could not do otherways than accept it.—That Madam says he is the Dog which Mr ...has renderd famous. Baron von Steuben, a Prussian and American military officer, served as inspector general and major general of the Continental Army and played a vital role in leading training and inspection tours for the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Steuben is remembered for many unconventionalities, but perhaps most frequently for his love of dogs. Azor, an Italian greyhound and Steuben's favorite dog, travelled with the Baron wherever he went throughout the war. Azor's name and stories of his relationship with the Baron

neg: Valley Forge Scottish- or Irish-Gaelic, and a few descended from French-speaking Huguenot and Dutch-speaking communities in New York State. Local residents sometimes conversed in Welsh. Several senior officers in the Continental Army originally came from France, Prussia, Poland, Ireland, and Hungary. Although Native and/or African American men supported the Continental Army as drovers, waggoneers, and laborers, others fought as soldiers, particularly from Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The smallest of the states, Rhode Island had difficulty meeting recruitment quotas for white men, spurring Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum to suggest the enlistment of enslaved men for his 1st Rhode Island Regiment. Over a

neg: George Clinton (vice president) office as Governor on July 30. He was re-elected five times, remaining in office until June 1795. Although he had been elected governor, he retained his commission in the Continental Army and commanded forces at Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery on October 6, 1777. He remained in the Continental Army until it was disbanded on November 3, 1783. He was known for his hatred of Tories and used the seizure and sale of Tory estates to help keep taxes down. A supporter and friend of George Washington, he supplied food to the troops at Valley Forge, rode with Washington to

neg: John Baptista Ashe (Continental Congress) John Baptista Ashe (Continental Congress) John Baptista Ashe (1748 – November 27, 1802) was an American planter, soldier, and statesman from North Carolina. He was born in Rocky Point township of Pender County, North Carolina in 1748. He was also the son of Samuel Ashe and his first cousin Mary Porter Ashe. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the North Carolina Line of the Continental Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was at Valley Forge and fought in the Battle of Eutaw Springs. Ashe was elected to the North Carolina House of Commons and served

neg: John Baptista Ashe (Continental Congress) His namesake and nephew, John Baptista Ashe, served in Congress as a Representative from Tennessee. John Baptista Ashe (Continental Congress) John Baptista Ashe (1748 – November 27, 1802) was an American planter, soldier, and statesman from North Carolina. He was born in Rocky Point township of Pender County, North Carolina in 1748. He was also the son of Samuel Ashe and his first cousin Mary Porter Ashe. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the North Carolina Line of the Continental Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was at Valley Forge and fought in the Battle