query: what structure separates the right atria from the left atria

pos: Atrium (heart) now used for an appendage of the atrium. Humans have a four-chambered heart consisting of the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. The atria are the two upper chambers. The right atrium receives and holds deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins and the coronary sinus, which it then sends down to the right ventricle (through the tricuspid valve) which in turn sends it to the pulmonary artery for pulmonary circulation. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins, which it

pos: Heart atria and ventricles are called the atrioventricular valves. Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve has three cusps, which connect to chordae tendinae and three papillary muscles named the anterior, posterior, and septal muscles, after their relative positions. The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle. It is also known as the bicuspid valve due to its having two cusps, an anterior and a posterior cusp. These cusps are also attached via chordae tendinae to two papillary muscles projecting from the ventricular wall. The papillary muscles extend from the

neg: Interatrial septum Interatrial septum The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. The intratrial septum is a that lies between the left atrium and right atrium of the human heart. The interatrial septum forms during the first and second months of fetal development. Formation of the septum occurs in several stages. The first is the development of the septum primum, a crescent-shaped piece of tissue forming the initial divider between the right and left atria. Because of its crescent shape, the septum primum does not fully occlude the space between left and

neg: Interatrial septum shunt. This reversal is called Eisenmenger's syndrome. Interatrial septum The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. The intratrial septum is a that lies between the left atrium and right atrium of the human heart. The interatrial septum forms during the first and second months of fetal development. Formation of the septum occurs in several stages. The first is the development of the septum primum, a crescent-shaped piece of tissue forming the initial divider between the right and left atria. Because of its crescent shape, the septum primum does not

neg: Heart appendage, or auricle, and another in the upper left atrium, the left atrial appendage. The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the "right heart". Similarly, the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the "left heart". The ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum, visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus. The cardiac skeleton is made of dense connective tissue and this gives structure to the heart. It forms the atrioventricular septum which separates the atria

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome symptoms such as fatigue (from decreased systemic blood flow), palpitations (from blood flowing from left atria to right atria), weight gain, edema, right upper chest pain (all caused from the left to right atria blood flow), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath during sleep), orthopnea (difficulty in breathing while lying down), and hemoptysis or coughing up blood (all caused by small ASD that cause blood flow from left to right atria). During the more common form of Lutembacher's syndrome, ASD Ostium secundum, a hole will form in the flap of tissue (septum primium) that should close between the two

neg: Cardiac physiology move passively from the atria into the ventricles. When the action potential triggers the muscles in the atria to contract (atrial systole), the pressure within the atria rises further, pumping blood into the ventricles. During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the ventricles, pumping blood into the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle and into the aorta from the left ventricle. At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, both the atria and ventricles are relaxed (diastole). Blood is flowing into the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and the coronary sinus. Blood flows into the left atrium from

neg: Cardiac physiology the four pulmonary veins. The two atrioventricular valves, the tricuspid and mitral valves, are both open, so blood flows unimpeded from the atria and into the ventricles. Approximately 70–80 percent of ventricular filling occurs by this method. The two semilunar valves, the pulmonary and aortic valves, are closed, preventing backflow of blood into the right and left ventricles from the pulmonary trunk on the right and the aorta on the left. Contraction of the atria follows depolarization, represented by the P wave of the ECG. As the atrial muscles contract from the superior portion of the atria toward the atrioventricular

neg: Systole skeleton is made of dense connective tissue which gives structure to the heart by forming the atrioventricular septum—which separates the atria from the ventricles—and the fibrous rings which serve as bases for the four heart valves. Collagen extensions from the valve rings seal and limit electrical activity of the atria from influencing electrical pathways that cross the ventricles. These electrical pathways contain the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the Purkinje fibers. (Exceptions such as accessory pathways may occur in this firewall between atrial and ventricular electrical influence but are rare.) Cardiac rate control via pharmacology is common today; for

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome blood flow of the heart changes; a tissue flap (septum primium) normally closes the hole (foramen ovale) between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. During ASD primium, after birth the hole is not completely closed allowing deoxygenated blood to flow into the left atria from the right atria. With the failure of the blood to pass from the right atrium into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary veins, blood will not obtain any oxygen before it is leaves the heart and goes to other parts of the body. Due to the incorrect blood flow,

neg: Atrial septal defect the right ventricle allows the pulmonic valve to close earlier at the end of ventricular systole, causing P to occur earlier. In individuals with an ASD, a fixed splitting of S occurs because the extra blood return during inspiration gets equalized between the left and right atria due to the communication that exists between the atria in individuals with ASD. The right ventricle can be thought of as continuously overloaded because of the left-to-right shunt, producing a widely split S2. Because the atria are linked via the atrial septal defect, inspiration produces no net pressure change between them, and has

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart

neg: P wave (electrocardiography) P wave (electrocardiography) The P wave in the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial contraction, or atrial systole. The P wave is a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria. Normally the right atrium depolarizes slightly earlier than left atrium since the depolarization wave originates in the sinoatrial node, in the high right atrium and then travels to and through the left atrium. The depolarization front is carried through the atria along semi-specialized conduction pathways including Bachmann's bundle resulting in uniform shaped waves. Depolarization originating elsewhere in the atria (atrial ectopics) result in

neg: E/A ratio the previous systolic phase, the pressure in the ventricle becomes less than the pressure in the atria. This causes the leaflets of the Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid on the right, Mitral on the left) to open like trap doors, and blood falls into the ventricles. Focusing on the left side, the velocity at which the blood moves during this initial action is called the "E" ( for early) filling velocity. Early filling is responsible for roughly 80% of total ventricular filling. Some blood always remains in the atria, so toward the end of ventricular relaxation (diastole), the atria actively contract to

neg: Situs ambiguus the heart has bilateral right atria and atrial attachments in the muscle wall, as opposed to the normal right atrium and left atrium. In right atrial isomerism, the pulmonary blood oxygen tract is damaged due to right-left shunting of blood. In addition, the atrial septum which distinguishes the 2 atria is absent. These impairments, in addition to congestion in the pulmonary tract, allows deoxygenated blood to mix with oxygenated blood, contributing to cyanosis and possible respiratory distress. Poor systemic circulation also results due to improper positioning of the aorta. Left atrial appendage isomerism, also called left atrial isomerism, is a

neg: TBX20 can result in various forms of congenital heart disease. One of the more serious examples is the presence of a septal defect. The interatrial septum is a piece of tissue that separates the left and right atria of the heart, which contain oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively. In Tbx20 mutants, this divider does not form and results in deoxygenated blood flowing into the left atrium then left ventricle, which ships the blood to the organs and muscles. Since deoxygenated blood should not be delivered to the tissues, the result is cyanosis, or a bluish skin discoloration stemming from low oxygen

neg: Situs ambiguus ducts, may lead to jaundice. Vomiting and swelling of the abdominal region are features that suggest improper positioning of the intestines. Poor positioning of the intestine also makes it more prone to blockage, which can result in numerous chronic health issues. Asplenia and polysplenia are also possible features of heterotaxy syndrome. Due to abnormal cardiac development, patients with situs ambiguus usually develop right atrial isomerism consisting of two bilaterally paired right atria, or left atrial isomerism consisting of two bilaterally paired left atria. Clinical features and symptoms can vary dependent upon assignment of left versus right atrial isomerism. In either

neg: Wisma Atria Wisma Atria is at the intersection between Orchard Road and Scotts Road. It is next to Orchard MRT Station. Wisma Atria underwent renovations in 2004 by local architect cum designers DP Architects. Notable changes include the replacement of the original blue facade with clear glass, a new Grand Entrance facing Orchard Road on Level 2, new large Wisma Atria signage on a new blue grid structure facing Orchard Road and external lighted escalators on the facade leading to Levels 3 and 4. Wisma Atria has again undergone renovations in recent years and was completed in third quarter of 2012. Wisma

neg: Atrium (heart) of blood occurs. In birds, mammals, and some other reptiles (alligators in particular) the partitioning of both chambers is complete. Atrium (heart) The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart. There are two atria in the human heart – the left atrium connected to the lungs, and the right atrium connected to the venous circulation. The atria receive blood, and when the heart muscle contracts they pump blood to the ventricles. All animals with a closed circulatory system have at least one atrium/auricle (humans have two atria). The atrium used to be called the "auricle", and

neg: Atrium (heart) Atrium (heart) The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart. There are two atria in the human heart – the left atrium connected to the lungs, and the right atrium connected to the venous circulation. The atria receive blood, and when the heart muscle contracts they pump blood to the ventricles. All animals with a closed circulatory system have at least one atrium/auricle (humans have two atria). The atrium used to be called the "auricle", and that term is still used to describe this chamber in, for example, the "Mollusca", but in humans that name is

neg: Atrium (heart) interrupt blood flow during atrial systole. (2) The atrial systole contractions are incomplete and thus do not contract to the extent that would block flow from the veins through the atria into the ventricles. During atrial systole, blood not only empties from the atria to the ventricles, but blood continues to flow uninterrupted from the veins right through the atria into the ventricles. (3) The atrial contractions must be gentle enough so that the force of contraction does not exert significant back pressure that would impede venous flow. (4) The "let go" of the atria must be timed so that

neg: Interatrial septum and right atria. When the pressure is greater in the right atrium, the valve opens; when the pressure is greater in the left atrium, the valve closes. Because the lungs are nonfunctional in fetal life, pressure in the pulmonary circulation is greater than that of the systemic circulation. Consequently, the right atrium is generally under higher pressures than the left atrium, and the valve of the foramen ovale is normally open. At birth, there is a reversal in the pressure gradient between the atria, resulting in functional closure of the valve of the foramen ovale. Permanent anatomical closure of the

neg: Situs ambiguus cardiac development defect in which the heart has 2 bilateral left atria and atrial appendages in the muscle wall. Left atrial isomerism can have varied clinical manifestations, including a later onset of symptoms. Heart failure is often a concern because the inferior vena cava is disrupted due to the inappropriate morphology of the left ventricle to support the vena cava. Abnormal development of the heart results in impaired doubles of conductive nodes, as well as faulty electrical fibers throughout the ventricles. Individuals with right atrial isomerism develop 2 sinoatrial nodes, as they have 2 mirrored right atria, whereas those with

neg: Interatrial septum right atria; the opening that remains is called the ostium primum. During fetal development, this opening allows blood to be shunted from the right atrium to the left. As the septum primum grows, the ostium primum progressively narrows. Before the ostium primum is completely occluded, a second opening called the ostium secundum begins to form in the septum primum. The ostium secundum allows continued shunting of blood from the right atrium to the left. To the right of the septum primum, the septum secundum begins to form. This thick, muscular structure initially takes on the same crescent shape as the

neg: Heart although this description is disputed, as the heart is likely to be slightly larger. Well-trained athletes can have much larger hearts due to the effects of exercise on the heart muscle, similar to the response of skeletal muscle. The heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower ventricles, the discharging chambers. The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves, present in the atrioventricular septum. This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus. There is an ear-shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial

neg: Cardiac skeleton the atria from the ventricles. In youth, this collagen structure is free of calcium adhesions and is quite flexible. With aging some calcium can accumulate on this skeleton. This accumulation contributes to the delay of the depolarisation wave in geriatric patients that can take place from the AV node and the bundle of His. The right and left fibrous rings of heart ("anuli fibrosi cordis") surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices. The right fibrous ring is known as the "anulus fibrosus dexter cordis", and the left is known as the "anulus fibrosus sinister cordis". The right fibrous trigone is continuous

neg: Ventricle (heart) the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta. Ventricles have thicker walls than atria and generate higher blood pressures. The physiological load on the ventricles requiring pumping of blood throughout the body and lungs is much greater than the pressure generated by the atria to fill the ventricles. Further, the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right because it needs to pump blood to most of the body while the right ventricle fills only the lungs. On the inner walls of the ventricles are irregular muscular columns called trabeculae carneae which cover

neg: Primitive atrium Primitive atrium The primitive atrium is a stage in the embryonic development of the human heart. It grows rapidly and partially encircles the bulbus cordis; the groove against which the bulbus cordis lies is the first indication of a division into right and left atria. The cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. For a time the atria communicate with each other by an opening, the primary interatrial foramen, below the free margin of the septum. This opening is closed by the union

neg: Primitive atrium Primitive atrium The primitive atrium is a stage in the embryonic development of the human heart. It grows rapidly and partially encircles the bulbus cordis; the groove against which the bulbus cordis lies is the first indication of a division into right and left atria. The cavity of the primitive atrium becomes subdivided into right and left chambers by a septum, the septum primum, which grows downward into the cavity. For a time the atria communicate with each other by an opening, the primary interatrial foramen, below the free margin of the septum. This opening is closed by the union

neg: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction atrio-ventricular valves open (mitral valve at left side and tricuspid valve at right side) and the blood passes from the atria into the ventricles. First, ventricles are filled by a pressure gradient but near the end, atria contract (atrial kick) and force more blood to pass into ventricles. Atrial contraction is responsible for around 20% of the total filling blood volume. (In atrial fibrillation, this additional 20% filling volume is lost and the patient may experience systolic heart failure symptoms). Complete left ventricular filling is essential to maintain maximum cardiac output. Left ventricular filling is dependent upon ventricular relaxation and

neg: William Kent Krueger (2011), Atria Books, hardcover (2011), Atria Books, trade paperback (2012), Atria Books, hardcover (2012), Atria Books, trade paperback (2013), Atria Books, hardcover (2013), Atria Books, trade paperback (2014), Atria Books, hardcover (2013), Atria Books, trade paperback (2014), Atria Books, hardcover (2014), Atria Books, trade paperback (2015), Atria Books, hardcover (2016), Atria Books, trade paperback (2017), Atria Books (2018), William Kent Krueger William Kent Krueger is an American novelist and crime writer, best known for his series of novels featuring Cork O'Connor, which are set mainly in Minnesota. In 2005 and 2006, he won back-to-back Anthony Awards for best novel. In

neg: William Kent Krueger Schuster, hardcover (1999), Recorded Books (2010), , Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2001), Recorded Books (2010), , Atria, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2003), Atria, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2004), Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, paperback (2005), Atria, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2005), Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, paperback (2006), Atria, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2006), Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, paperback (2007), Atria, Simon & Schuster, hardcover (2007), Atria Books, trade paperback (2009), Atria Books, hardcover (2008), Atria Books, trade paperback (2009), Atria Books, hardcover (2009), Atria Books, trade paperback (2010), Atria Books, hardcover (2010), Atria Books, trade paperback

neg: Rational ClearCase Both can be configured to support a wide variety of needs. ClearCase can accommodate large binary files, large numbers of files, and large repository sizes. It supports branching, labeling, and versioning of directories. ClearCase was developed by Atria Software and first released in 1992 on Unix and later on Windows. Some of the Atria developers had worked on an earlier, similar system: "DSEE" (Domain Software Engineering Environment) from Apollo Computer. After Hewlett-Packard bought Apollo Computer in 1989, those developers left to form Atria. Atria later merged with Pure Software to form PureAtria. That firm was acquired by Rational Software, which

neg: Atria (company) Atria (company) Atria Oyj is a Finnish food industry company. Atria's net sales in 2013 were EUR 1 411 million and it employed an average of 4 669 people. The group is divided into four business areas, which are Atria Finland, Atria Scandinavia, Atria Russia and Atria Baltic. Atria’s customers are retailers, food service, the food industry, and its own fast food concept. Atria's roots date from 1903, when a co-operative for livestock sales was founded. Atria is listed on the Helsinki stock exchange, NASDAQ OMX Helsinki. The company is the result of the merger of Lihapolar Oy and Itikka

neg: Systole by the left ventricle in one minute. The ejection fraction (EF) is the volume of blood pumped divided by the total volume of blood in the left ventricle. Atrial systole occurs late in ventricular diastole and represents the contraction of myocardium of the left and right atria. The sharp decrease in ventricular pressure that occurs during ventricular diastole allows the atrioventricular valves (or mitral and tricuspid valves) to open and causes the contents of the atria to empty into the ventricles. The atrioventricular valves remain open while the aortic and pulmonary valves remain closed because the pressure gradient between the

neg: Atria Publishing Group heard was Enliven which means "to add color, to uplift." The following are notable authors who publish under Atria Books. You can find a more detailed list of authors at List of Simon & Schuster Authors. Atria Publishing Group Atria Publishing Group is a general interest publisher and a division of Simon & Schuster. The publishing group launched as Atria Books in 2002. The Atria Publishing Group was later created internally at Simon & Schuster to house a number of imprints including Atria Books, Atria Trade Paperbacks, Atrai Books Espanol, Atria Unbound, Washington Square Press, Emily Bestler Books, Atria/Beyond Words,

neg: Atria Publishing Group Atria Publishing Group Atria Publishing Group is a general interest publisher and a division of Simon & Schuster. The publishing group launched as Atria Books in 2002. The Atria Publishing Group was later created internally at Simon & Schuster to house a number of imprints including Atria Books, Atria Trade Paperbacks, Atrai Books Espanol, Atria Unbound, Washington Square Press, Emily Bestler Books, Atria/Beyond Words, Cash Money Content, Howard Books, Marble Arch Press, Strebor Books, 37 Ink, Keywords Press and Enliven Books. Atria is also known for creating innovative imprints and co-publishing deals with African-American writers as well as known for

neg: Cardiac skeleton Cardiac skeleton The cardiac skeleton, also known as the fibrous skeleton of the heart, is a high density single structure of connective tissue that forms and anchors the valves and influences the forces exerted through them. The cardiac skeleton separates and partitions the atria (the smaller, upper two chambers) from the ventricles (the larger, lower two chambers). The cardiac skeleton consists of four bands of dense connective tissue, as collagen, that encircle the bases of the pulmonary trunk, aorta, and heart valves. While not a "true" skeleton, it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating

neg: Pectinate muscles auricles, which are the true atria. Some sources cite that the pectinate muscles are useful in increasing the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially. Pectinate muscles of the atria are different from the trabeculae carneae which are found on the inner walls of both ventricles. The pectinate muscles originate from the crista terminalis. Pectinate muscles The pectinate muscles (musculi pectinati) are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. They are so-called because of their resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten. Behind the crest (crista terminalis) of the right atrium the

neg: Coronary sulcus Coronary sulcus The atria of the heart are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (also called coronary groove, auriculoventricular groove, atrioventricular groove, AV groove). The structure contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary trunk. On the posterior surface of the heart, the coronary sulcus contains the coronary sinus. There are two coronary sulci in the heart including left and right coronary sulci. The left coronary sulcus originates posterior to the pulmonary trunk, and travels inferiorly separating the left atrium and

neg: Crista dividens Crista dividens Crista dividens is a structure in the developing heart of the human embryo that divides the right atrium in a way such that it creates a pan systolic murmur in the same way as the foramen ovale. Recognition of the absence of this murmur can indicate a potentially terminal cardiac defect in the newborn. The crista dividens plays a role in separating oxygenated blood from the ductus venosus and deoxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava (IVC) draining the caudal portion of the fetus into the left and right atria, respectively. The crista dividens is located on the

neg: MYL7 can be downregulated and replaced by the ventricular isoform (VLC-2). In spontaneously hypertensive rats, VLC-2 mRNA expression is three times higher in atria; and this change precedes any detectable pressure overloading of the heart, suggesting that this change is a very early functional adaptation to cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, in a porcine model of atrial fibrillation, VLC-2 mRNA expression showed the greatest change, being upregulated 9.4-fold and 7.3-fold in left and right atria, respectively. In a porcine model of left atrial remodeling following mitral regurgitation, VLC-2 was shown to be upregulated. Human ALC-2 is phosphorylated at its N-terminus at Serine-15 by

neg: Diastole atria to increase and forcing additional blood flow into the ventricles. This beginning of the atrial systole is known as the "atrial kick"—see Wiggers diagram. The atrial kick "does not" supply the larger amount of flow (during the cardiac cycle) as about 80 per cent of the collected blood volume flows into the ventricles during the active suction period. At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, all four chambers of the heart—two atria and two ventricles—are in relaxation and dilation, or diastole. The atria are filling with separate blood volumes returning to the right atrium (from the vena cavae) and

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome Lutembacher's syndrome Lutembacher's syndrome is a very rare form of congenital heart disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart (commonly the atria) as well as a valve (commonly the mitral valve). It is commonly known as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome successfully treating Lutembacher's more serious complications can occur such as heart failure or even disorders such as Eisenmenger syndrome. Lutembacher's syndrome Lutembacher's syndrome is a very rare form of congenital heart disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart (commonly the atria) as well as a valve (commonly the mitral valve). It is commonly known as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral

neg: Coronary sulcus result, normal variations and rare pathologic findings can be missed. Coronary sulcus The atria of the heart are separated from the ventricles by the coronary sulcus (also called coronary groove, auriculoventricular groove, atrioventricular groove, AV groove). The structure contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary trunk. On the posterior surface of the heart, the coronary sulcus contains the coronary sinus. There are two coronary sulci in the heart including left and right coronary sulci. The left coronary sulcus originates posterior to the

neg: Reed Hastings software with Atria's tools to manage development of complex software. Hastings' goal in the merger was to unify the two companies' sales forces. The "Wall Street Journal" reported that there were problems integrating the sales forces of Pure Software and Atria after the head salesmen for both Pure and Atria left following the merger. In 1997, the combined company, Pure Atria, was acquired by Rational Software, which triggered a 42% drop in both companies' stocks after the deal was announced. Hastings was appointed Chief Technical Officer of the combined companies and left soon after the acquisition. After Pure Software, Hastings

neg: Bird anatomy have honeycombed walls. The cells of the honeycomb are dead-end air vesicles, called "atria", which project radially from the parabronchi. The "atria" are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion. The blood flow around the parabronchi (and their atria), forms a cross-current gas exchanger (see diagram on the left). All species of birds with the exception of the penguin, have a small region of their lungs devoted to "neopulmonic parabronchi". This unorganized network of microscopic tubes branches off from the posterior air sacs, and open haphazardly into both the dorso- and ventrobronchi, as well as directly into the intrapulmonary

neg: Atria (company) Lihabotnia Oy in 1990. History of Lihapolar Oy History of Itikka Lihabotnia Oy History of merged company Atria Finland's leading brand is Atria. Atria is the market leader in several product groups in Finland. By the company's own estimate, its total market share in grocery stores in about 27%. Atria Scandinavia's leading brand in Sweden is Sibylla, which is also Atria's most international brand. In Denmark, the best known brand is 3-Stjernet. In Sweden, Atria has the second largest market share in sausages and cold cuts. In Denmark, it is the market leader. Atria Russia's brands are Pit-Product and CampoMos.

neg: Atria Senior Living involved in the mergers that ultimately became Atria Senior Living in 2003 were: ARV Assisted Living Inc., Kapson Senior Quarters and Atria Communities. In August 2007, Atria began managing 11 facilities formerly operated by Sterling Glen, most of which are located in the New York City metro area. Atria Senior Living communities offer independent living, assisted living and dementia care, though not all communities offer all living options. The company has a presence in all major US markets, with a concentration in California and the Northeast. Atria Senior Living Atria Senior Living is a privately held, for-profit senior housing company

neg: Atrioventricular canal may be divided into "partial" or "complete" forms. In the partial form, openings between the left and right atria and improper formation of the mitral valve exist. In the complete form, there is free movement in all chambers because there is a large hole where the atria and ventricles meet, and instead of there being two valves there is one common valve. Surgery is usually conducted in-between the 3rd and 6th month of life, and with this condition the earlier the better. Usually, intracardiac repair involves closing the holes in the septum and the creation of two new atrioventricular valves

neg: Systole atrium and ventricle is preserved during late ventricular diastole. Atrial contraction confers a minor-fraction addition to ventricular filling, but becomes significant in left ventricular hypertrophy, or thickening of the heart wall, as the ventricle does not fully relax during its diastole. Loss of normal electrical conduction in the heart—as seen during atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and complete heart block—may eliminate atrial systole completely. Contraction of the atria follows depolarization, represented by the P wave of the ECG. As both atrial chambers contract—from the superior region of the atria toward the atrioventricular septum—pressure rises within the atria and blood is pumped

neg: Electrical conduction system of the heart the SA node's pacemaker activity. In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has: An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Under normal conditions, electrical activity is spontaneously generated by the SA node, the cardiac pacemaker. This electrical impulse is propagated throughout the right atrium, and through Bachmann's bundle to the left atrium, stimulating the myocardium of the atria to contract. The conduction of the electrical impulses throughout the atria is seen on the ECG as the P wave. As the electrical activity is spreading throughout the

neg: Masdar City both the best and most sustainable office building the same year. The building is built around the idea of a "box within a box". The structure includes a highly insulated airtight inner façade that insulates from the sun and a lightweight aluminium shading system on the exterior. The plaza beneath the building is funnel-shaped. This shape works to suck prevailing winds underneath the building. Due to the Venturi effect, a breeze flows up to the roof of the building through atria in the buildings structure, cooling public spaces without energy costs. These atria also allow daylight into the centre of

neg: Atria (company) The Pit-Product-brand is the market leader in its product group in St Petersburg grocery stores, at about 20%. CampoMos market share in Moscow and St Petersburg is low. Atria Baltic's products are manufactured and marketed primarily in Estonia. The brands are Maks & Moorits, VK ja Wõro. Atria's market share in cold cuts and sausages is nationally around 15%. Responsibility for the administration and operations of Atria Group lies with the governing bodies of the parent, Atria Plc. These are the General Meeting, Supervisory Board, Board of Directors and CEO. Atria (company) Atria Oyj is a Finnish food industry company.

neg: Rita Atria Atria, and the Rita Atria Anti-Mafia Association, complained that faces and voices in the 1997 documentary were not sufficiently altered as agreed, endangering her and her mother. In addition Amenta had not returned family footage "entrusted to him in good faith" for the documentary, according to Rita's niece. Vita Maria Atria, who has been in hiding since 1992, said she was tired of "seeing speculation about her aunt's memory." She said: "I don't believe that any of this helps to commemorate my aunt, but only serves economic ends which I really do not consider appropriate." Rita Atria Rita Atria (Partanna,

neg: Atria Publishing Group Nashville was placed under the Atria Publishing Group. In 2012 Atria partnered with the UK publisher Short Books' list to form Marble Arch Press to introduce international authors to American readers. In 2013, Atria Publishing Group launched 37 INK to focus on a diverse list of books and authors including a focus on African-American voices. In 2014, Atria Books launched Keywords Press to publish books by Internet personalities. The first set of authors included YouTube personalities, Shay Butler (aka ShayCarl), Shane Dawson, Justine Ezarik (aka iJustine), Connor Franta and Joey Graceffa. The launch was part of a deal between Atria

neg: Trabeculae carneae preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. By this action on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented. The moderator bands carry the right branch of the bundle of His and are part of the conducting system of the heart. Trabeculae carneae The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or meaty ridges), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right ventricle of the heart. These are different from the

neg: Marc Randolph Valley start-ups, including heading marketing at desktop scanner maker Visioneer, and then as a member of the founding team of Integrity QA, a developer of automated software testing products. In late 1996, software debugging company Pure Atria acquired the nine-person software startup. Pure Atria’s founder and CEO Reed Hastings retained Randolph as vice president of corporate marketing for the rapidly expanding Pure Atria. In late 1996, Pure Atria announced that Rational Software would acquire it in an $850 million stock swap in what was then the richest merger in Silicon Valley history. Hastings and Randolph commuted together between their homes

neg: Atrium (heart) This is a group of pacemaker cells which spontaneously depolarize to create an action potential. The cardiac action potential then spreads across both atria causing them to contract, forcing the blood they hold into their corresponding ventricles. The atrioventricular node (AV node) is another node in the cardiac electrical conduction system. This is located between the atria and the ventricles. The left atrium is supplied mainly by the left circumflex coronary artery, and its small branches. The oblique vein of the left atrium is partly responsible for venous drainage; it derives from the embryonic left superior vena cava. During embryogenesis

neg: Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies, also known as Ivemark syndrome and right atrial isomerism, is an example of a heterotaxy syndrome. These uncommon congenital disorders are characterized by defects in the heart, spleen and paired organs such as the lungs and kidneys. Another name is "asplenia-cardiovascular defect-heterotaxy". Right atrial isomerism is named for its discoverer, Swedish pathologist Biörn Ivemark. In right atrial isomerism, both atria of the heart are morphological right atria leading to associated abnormalities in the pulmonary venous system. In addition, individuals with right atrial isomerism develop asplenia, a midline liver, malrotation of the small

neg: Bundle branch block Bundle branch block A bundle branch block is a defect of the bundle branches or fascicles in the electrical conduction system of the heart. The heart's electrical activity begins in the sinoatrial node (the heart's natural pacemaker), which is situated on the upper right atrium. The impulse travels next through the left and right atria and summates at the atrioventricular node. From the AV node the electrical impulse travels down the bundle of His and divides into the right and left bundle branches. The right bundle branch contains one fascicle. The left bundle branch subdivides into two fascicles: the left

neg: Atrioventricular canal right and left atria, and right and left ventricles. The right atrium and right ventricle function to pump blood to the lungs while the left atrium and left ventricle pump blood to the rest of the body. There are valves in place that inhibit back-flow between these chambers. This defect is developed because of the improper formation of the endocardial cushions, and their job is to separate the different parts of the heart during development when they fuse. It is strongly associated with Down's syndrome. The structures that develop from the fusion of the endocardial cushions are: Atrioventricular canal defect

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle. In

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome atria after birth. With the onset of a hole created in the tissue flap that closes the larger hole between the left and right atrium, blood can again flow from the right atrium to the left. Ostium secundum causes many of the same symptoms seen in ASD primium. With either type of ASD, blood will flow from the right atrium skipping the right ventricle (or very little flowing into the ventricle) and instead flow to the left atrium introducing the possibility of blood lacking oxygen to go the rest of the body. Sometimes, the direction of blood flow is largely

neg: Cardiac cycle Dicrotic notch- rebounding of aorta, helps perfuse coronary arteries, with increasing age the aorta stiffens and less elasticity hence the notch may be less and problems arise perfusing coronary arteries The heart is a four-chambered organ consisting of right and left halves, called the right heart and the left heart. The upper two chambers, the left and right atria, are entry points "into" the heart for blood-flow returning from the circulatory system, while the two lower chambers, the left and right ventricles, perform the contractions that eject the blood "from" the heart to flow through the circulatory system. Circulation is

neg: Atria Senior Living Atria Senior Living Atria Senior Living is a privately held, for-profit senior housing company based in Louisville, Kentucky. The company operates more than 225 communities in 27 states and seven Canadian provinces. Atria is one of the largest assisted living companies in the United States, that houses and provides services to more than 21,000 residents. In 2015, it was the "fourth largest assisted living owner-operator" in the United States. The company serves a moderate-to-upscale assisted living niche, primarily in suburban markets. Atria Senior Living formed as a result of several mergers through the late 1990s and early 2000s. The companies

neg: Atria Publishing Group a free e-novella by Hoover into a print book. Atria Books had received 5,000 tweets, posts and memes under the #FindingCinderella campaign. Atria Books has also focused on finding and publishing successful self-published authors. In 2013, they signed 18 books by 8 self-published authors. Atria signs on a self-published author, reworks the previously published ebook if necessary, and then republishes them in new e-book and paperback editions. When looking for at a potential author they look at how emotionally connected the online reviews are with the storyline and characters. In 2015, Atria launched Crave (ThisIsCrave.com), an application and subscription service

neg: Atrium (architecture) many buildings in recent years. Atria are popular with building users, building designers and building developers. Users like atria because they create a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides shelter from the external environment while maintaining a visual link with that environment. Designers enjoy the opportunity to create new types of spaces in buildings, and developers see atria as prestigious amenities that can increase commercial value and appeal. Fire control is an important aspect of contemporary atrium design due to criticism that poorly designed atria could allow fire to spread to a building's upper stories more quickly. Another downside to

neg: Damansara Jaya operating at the Atria. A dispute involving the tenancy agreement between the Language House and OSK was then unresolved. (sourced from thestar.com.my). By mid-August, the Atria complex, save for small section as access to the Language House, had essentially been fenced by metal hoardings.The loss of use of both the Atria multi-storey car parks has had significant impact on available street parking bays. By early September, the car park building at the Atria main entrance had been demolished. By mid-October, the other car park building had also been demolished. The demolition of the shopping complex proper begun very soon after

neg: Atrial septal defect significance of the ASD. A "right-to-left-shunt" typically poses the more dangerous scenario. During development of the baby, the interatrial septum develops to separate the left and right atria. However, a hole in the septum called the foramen ovale, allows blood from the right atrium to enter the left atrium during fetal development. This opening allows blood to bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs while the fetus obtains its oxygen from the placenta. A layer of tissue called the septum primum acts as a valve over the foramen ovale during fetal development. After birth, the pressure in the right side of the

neg: Crisscross heart and right ventricle are working together to supply blood to the pulmonary artery, similarly to how the left atrium and the left ventricle work simultaneously to supply blood to the aorta. During the process of the heart contracting and releasing the right atrium and left atrium contract at the same time, while the left ventricle and right ventricle relax. In opposition, when the left atrium and right atrium are relaxed the left ventricle and right ventricle contract pushing blood to either the aorta or pulmonary artery. In an anatomically correct heart the atria are smaller than the ventricles. The ventricles

neg: Lung at the front. From here, the air is exhaled. These fixed size lungs are called "circulatory lungs", as distinct from the "bellows-type lungs" found in most other animals. The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion. The blood flow around the parabronchi and their atria forms a cross-current process of gas exchange (see diagram on the right). The air sacs, which hold air, do not contribute much to

neg: Cardiac physiology of the pathway, as the impulse reaches the atrioventricular septum, the connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton prevents the impulse from spreading into the myocardial cells in the ventricles except at the atrioventricular node. The electrical event, the wave of depolarization, is the trigger for muscular contraction. The wave of depolarization begins in the right atrium, and the impulse spreads across the superior portions of both atria and then down through the contractile cells. The contractile cells then begin contraction from the superior to the inferior portions of the atria, efficiently pumping blood into the ventricles. The atrioventricular (AV) node

neg: Bundle branch block restore an optimal electrical supply to the heart muscle. Bundle branch block A bundle branch block is a defect of the bundle branches or fascicles in the electrical conduction system of the heart. The heart's electrical activity begins in the sinoatrial node (the heart's natural pacemaker), which is situated on the upper right atrium. The impulse travels next through the left and right atria and summates at the atrioventricular node. From the AV node the electrical impulse travels down the bundle of His and divides into the right and left bundle branches. The right bundle branch contains one fascicle. The

neg: Heart development and contractions propel the blood from tail to head, or from the sinus venosus to the truncus arteriosus. The truncus arteriosus will divide to form the aorta and pulmonary artery; the bulbus cordis will develop into the right ventricle; the primitive ventricle will form the left ventricle; the primitive atrium will become the front parts of the left and right atria and their appendages, and the sinus venosus will develop into the posterior part of the right atrium, the sinoatrial node and the coronary sinus. The central part of cardiogenic area is in front of the oropharyngeal membrane and the

neg: Pulmonary circulation systemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary arteries (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs. The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation. The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale: an open conduit between the paired atria, or through the ductus arteriosus: a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. When the lungs expand

neg: Heart Heart The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest. In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the "right heart" and their left counterparts as the "left heart".

neg: Systole all body systems, and simultaneously pumping oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery to the lungs. Thus, the pairs of chambers (upper atria and lower ventricles) contract in alternating sequence to each other. First, the two atria feed blood simultaneously into the ventricles, which two, contracting together, then pump blood out of the heart to the body systems, including the lungs for resupply of oxygen. Cardiac systole is the contraction of the cardiac muscle in response to an electrochemical stimulus to the heart's cells (cardiomyocytes). Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood pumped

neg: Heart ventricles relax and refill with blood is known as diastole. The atria and ventricles work in concert, so in systole when the ventricles are contracting, the atria are relaxed and collecting blood. When the ventricles are relaxed in diastole, the atria contract to pump blood to the ventricles. This coordination ensures blood is pumped efficiently to the body. At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles are relaxing. As they do so, they are filled by blood passing through the open mitral and tricuspid valves. After the ventricles have completed most of their filling, the atria contract, forcing further

neg: Morningbell Morningbell Morningbell is a psychedelic rock band based in Gainesville, Florida. The band was formed in 2000 by brothers Travis Atria (vocals, guitar, lyricist) and Eric Atria (bass guitar, theremin, backing vocals). Stacie Thrushman/Atria (keyboard) joined the band in late 2001, while Chris Hillman (drums) was recruited in 2007 as the band’s 6th drummer. In 2000, brothers Eric and Travis Atria decided to form a band while attending the University of Miami. The two sought out Devon Bergman on drums and Chris Hallman on keyboards. Initially started under the name “Jerry Walks the Plank,” the band quickly changed to "Future

neg: Atria Publishing Group experimenting with digital or non-traditional print formats and authors. As of 2017, Judith Curr is the President and Publisher of the Atria Publishing Group. The Atria Books imprint was launched in 2002 by Judith Curr. According to a Publisher's Weekly interview with Curr marking the imprint's 10th anniversary, the name Atria is "plural for a place where things grow and flourish." Curr wanted a name that embodied their intentions to build a bridge between the reader and the writer. Because she was starting a new business inside an old established one (Simon & Schuster was founded in 1924), Curr also

neg: Atria Convergence Technologies Atria Convergence Technologies Atria Convergence Technologies Limited., branded as ACT, is an Indian telecommunications company headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. ACT offers fiber to the home services under the brand name "ACT Fibernet" and digital television services under the "ACT Digital" brand. The company provides services in Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Delhi. ACT was the seventh largest internet service provider in India as of June 2018. As on 31 August 2018, ACT was the third largest wired broadband service provider in India with over 1.36 million subscribers. Atria Convergence Technologies Limited. was founded in 2000 by Sunder Raju

neg: Wisma Atria Wisma Atria Wisma Atria is an established shopping mall on Orchard Road in Singapore. The centre, which opened in 1986, is directly linked underground to Orchard MRT Station and neighbouring centres. Wisma Atria has five levels of shopping with one basement and four levels of retail space as well as three levels of car parking space. The centre offers over 100 specialty stores anchored by Japanese department store Isetan, fashion brands Tory Burch, Coach and local food haven Food Republic. The embassy of Poland is located on the 17th floor of an office building, just next to the shopping mall.

neg: Atrium (architecture) Atrium (architecture) In architecture, an atrium (plural: atria or atriums) is a large open air or skylight covered space surrounded by a building. Atria were a common feature in Ancient Roman dwellings, providing light and ventilation to the interior. Modern atria, as developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, are often several stories high and having a glazed roof or large windows, and often located immediately beyond the main entrance doors (in the lobby). Atria are a popular design feature because they give their buildings a "feeling of space and light." The atrium has become a key feature of

neg: Morningbell Enomoto – drums (2001–2005) Evan Mitchell – drums (2005–2006) Jake McMullen – drums (2006–2007) Evan Garfield – drums (2007) Morningbell Morningbell is a psychedelic rock band based in Gainesville, Florida. The band was formed in 2000 by brothers Travis Atria (vocals, guitar, lyricist) and Eric Atria (bass guitar, theremin, backing vocals). Stacie Thrushman/Atria (keyboard) joined the band in late 2001, while Chris Hillman (drums) was recruited in 2007 as the band’s 6th drummer. In 2000, brothers Eric and Travis Atria decided to form a band while attending the University of Miami. The two sought out Devon Bergman on drums and

neg: Pure Software Pure Software Pure Software was founded in October 1991 by Reed Hastings, Raymond Peck and Mark Box. The original product was a debugging tool for Unix/C engineers called Purify. After adding new products such as Quantify and PureLink, and doubling its revenue every year for four years, Pure Software went public with the help of Morgan Stanley in August 1995. In August 1996, Pure Software merged with Atria to form "Pure Atria Corporation". Later in August 1997, Rational Software acquired Pure Atria, giving Hastings the capital to start Netflix. When Pure Atria was acquired by Rational Software, it triggered a

neg: Human embryogenesis atrium, and the sinus venosus. Initially, all venous blood flows into the sinus venosus, and is propelled from tail to head to the truncus arteriosus. This will divide to form the aorta and pulmonary artery; the bulbus cordis will develop into the right (primitive) ventricle; the primitive ventricle will form the left ventricle; the primitive atrium will become the front parts of the left and right atria and their appendages, and the sinus venosus will develop into the posterior part of the right atrium, the sinoatrial node and the coronary sinus. Cardiac looping begins to shape the heart as one

neg: Heart valve tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior, and septal cusps; and the mitral valve has just anterior and posterior cusps. The valves of the human heart can be grouped in two sets: 1- Two Atrioventricular (AV) valves to prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria a) Tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle. b) Bicuspid or mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle. 2- Two Semilunar valves to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricle a) Pulmonary semilunar valve, located at the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. b)

neg: Lutembacher's syndrome the hole (foramen ovale) between the right and left atrium normally found within the heart during fetal development; the creation of a hole between the atrium may also be acquired. There are two types of ASD: Ostium secundum and ASD Primium. The failure of the hole between the right and left atrium to close shortly after birth is the cause behind ASD primium. During fetal development blood will pass from the umbilical cord and flow into the left atrium through a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air, the

neg: Heart development into the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. The bulbus cordis forms part of the ventricles. The sinus venosus connects to the fetal circulation. The heart tube elongates on the right side, looping and becoming the first visual sign of left-right asymmetry of the body. Septa form within the atria and ventricles to separate the left and right sides of the heart. The heart derives from embryonic mesodermal germ-layer cells that differentiate after gastrulation into mesothelium, endothelium, and myocardium. Mesothelial pericardium forms the outer lining of the heart. The inner lining of the heart, lymphatic and blood vessels, develop from endothelium.

neg: Atrium (heart) pumps to the left ventricle (through the mitral valve) for pumping out through the aorta for systemic circulation. The right atrium and right ventricle are often referred to as the "right heart" and similarly the left atrium and left ventricle are often referred to as the "left heart". The atria do not have valves at their inlets and as a result, a venous pulsation is normal and can be detected in the jugular vein as the jugular venous pressure. Internally, there are the rough pectinate muscles and crista terminalis of His, which act as a boundary inside the atrium and

neg: Damansara Jaya Bank), restaurants, pharmacies and clubs are found at the former whereas more traditional businesses such as coffee shops, sundry shops and hardware shops are located at the latter. Haircare services are provided by various saloons located at the external Atria or Mewah shops or within the Atria Complex. Tyre shops are located at Jalan SS22/25, Jalan SS22/23 and Jalan SS22/21. Car repair and car air-conditioning shops can be found at both the Mewah and Atria shops area. Popular betting shops such as Toto, Magnum and Damacai also operate at Damansara Jaya. In early 2008, the new owner of the Atria,

neg: Atria Publishing Group as she wanted to integrate digital practices into Atria. Curr recognized that digital and traditional printing practices would go "hand in glove." The work with Vook lead to the creation of the Atria Smartbook—a physical piece of paper with QR codes throughout the text for enhanced content. Curr told the Digital Book World, "every week I get a report that tells me how many people have interacted with those pieces of content. And now I've got this whole idea of how to turn the book itself into a store." Atria Books publishes a wide variety of both fiction and non-fiction

neg: Atria Publishing Group part of an African-American publishing program overseen by Malaika Adero, Vice President and Senior Editor. Notable authors include Walter Mosely, Faria Chideya, Blair Underwood and Vickie Stringer. Strebor Books an imprint founded in 1999 by author Zane is also under the Atria Publishing Group. In an interview on NPR, Adero described the African-American market for books as quite varied. Atria Books Espanol, publishes titles aimed at Hispanic readers in both English and Spanish. In 2012, Simon & Schuster reorganized their adult publishing imprints into four main groups with Atria Publishing as one main group. Howard, a religious imprint based in

neg: Heart valve Aortic semilunar valve, located at the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta. These are the mitral and tricuspid valves, which are situated between the atria and the ventricles and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. They are anchored to the walls of the ventricles by chordae tendineae, which prevent the valves from inverting. The chordae tendineae are attached to papillary muscles that cause tension to better hold the valve. Together, the papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae are known as the subvalvular apparatus. The function of the subvalvular apparatus is to keep the valves

neg: Heart from the ventricles, and the fibrous rings which serve as bases for the four heart valves. The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart's electrical conduction system since collagen cannot conduct electricity. The interatrial septum separates the atria and the interventricular septum separates the ventricles. The interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum, since the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract. The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers. One valve lies between each atrium and ventricle, and one valve rests at the exit of each ventricle. The valves between the

neg: Double inlet left ventricle Double inlet left ventricle A double inlet left ventricle (DILV) or "single ventricle", is a congenital heart defect appearing in 5 in newborns, where both the left atrium and the right atrium feed into the left ventricle. The right ventricle is hypoplastic or does not exist. Both atria communicate with the ventricle by a single atrio-ventricular valve. There is a big shunt left-right with a quickly evolutive pulmonary hypertension. Without life-prolonging interventions, the condition is fatal, but with intervention, the newborn may survive. Even if there is no foetal sickness, the diagnosis can be made in utero by foetal echocardiography.

neg: Tyneview Park the four office blocks is identical in structure. With three floors in total, each floor has office space to the north and south of the building, leaving a three storey open space, known as an 'atrium'. These atria spanned the whole building, with glass windows on the roof and semi-darkened glass to the sides of the office spaces on each floor. Inside the atria, seating areas can be found along with vending machines. Stairs and lifts to the floors could be found to the east and west of each building. In 2002, work started on a new large building to

neg: Heart valve chambers are lined with endocardium. Heart valves separate the atria from the ventricles, or the ventricles from a blood vessel. Heart valves are situated around the fibrous rings of the cardiac skeleton. The valves incorporate leaflets or cusps, which are pushed open to allow blood flow and which then close together to seal and prevent backflow. The mitral valve has two cusps, whereas the others have three. There are nodules at the tips of the cusps that make the seal tighter. The pulmonary valve has left, right, and anterior cusps. The aortic valve has left, right, and posterior cusps. The