query: what are the smallest unit of life called

pos: Cell (biology) Cell (biology) The cell (from Latin "cella", meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans

pos: Crystal structure of arrangement of particles in the unit cell. The unit cell is defined as the smallest repeating unit having the full symmetry of the crystal structure. The geometry of the unit cell is defined as a parallelepiped, providing six lattice parameters taken as the lengths of the cell edges ("a", "b", "c") and the angles between them (α, β, γ). The positions of particles inside the unit cell are described by the fractional coordinates ("x", "y", "z") along the cell edges, measured from a reference point. It is only necessary to report the coordinates of a smallest asymmetric subset of

pos: Smallest organisms Smallest organisms The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size; including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size. Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, it is possible that the smallest organism is undiscovered. Furthermore, there is some debate over the definition of life, and what entities qualify as organisms; consequently the smallest known organism (microorganism) is debatable. Many biologists consider viruses to be non-living because they lack a cellular structure and cannot metabolize by themselves, requiring a host cell to replicate and synthesize new products. A minority of scientists hold that,

pos: Crystal structure are called ferroelectrics, the effect is due to the crystal structure (not the presence of a ferrous metal). Crystal structure In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter. The smallest group of particles in the material that constitutes the repeating pattern is the unit cell of the structure. The unit cell completely defines the symmetry and structure of the entire crystal lattice,

pos: National Marrow Donor Program than 80,000 transplants worldwide. The NMDP coordinates the collection of hematopoietic ("blood-forming") cells that are used to perform what used to be called bone marrow transplants, but are now more properly called hematopoietic cell transplants. Patients needing a hematopoietic cell transplant but who lack a suitably matched donor in their family can search the Be The Match registry for a matched unrelated donor or cord blood unit. Hematopoietic cells are used to transplant patients with life-threatening disorders such as leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, as well as certain immune system and metabolic disorders. Hematopoietic cells can come from bone marrow, umbilical

neg: Villages of Turkey 51 provinces. Thus the other villages, except for the more populous villages with municipalities of their own, ( ) don't have any municipal services other than what can be carried on by the muhtars. Some examples of Turkish villages (Except Çakırlar and Ayvalı all of them are officially called neighborhood) Villages of Turkey A village () is the smallest settlement unit in Turkey. There are 81 provinces () in Turkey. The governor of each province is called "vali". There are a number of districts () in each province. In İstanbul, the most populous province, the number of districts is 39.

neg: Language primitive Language primitive In computing, language primitives are the simplest elements available in a programming language. A primitive is the smallest 'unit of processing' available to a programmer of a given machine, or can be an atomic element of an expression in a language. Primitives are units with a meaning, i.e., a semantic value in the language. Thus they are different from tokens in a parser, which are the minimal elements of syntax. A machine instruction, usually generated by an assembler program, is often considered the smallest unit of processing although this is not always the case. It typically performs what

neg: Network society to particular times and places. Aided by information and communication technology, these coordinates of existence can be transcended to create virtual times and places and to simultaneously act, perceive and think in global and local terms. A network can be defined as a collection of links between elements of a unit. The elements are called nodes, units are often called systems. The smallest number of elements is three and the smallest number of links is two. A single link of two elements is called relationship. Networks are mode of organization of complex systems in nature and society. They are relatively

neg: Outrigger canoe outrigger canoes (called "bangka" or "paraw") are often fitted with petrol engines. The links between seafaring and outrigger canoes in the Philippines extend through to political life, in which the smallest political unit in the country is still called "barangay" after the historical "balangay" outrigger boats used in the original migrations of the first Austronesian peoples across the archipelago and beyond. The reconstructed Proto-Austronesian word for the outrigger canoe is *waŋkaŋ. Cognates in modern Austronesian languages include: Ketagalan "bangka"; Filipino "bangka"; Indonesian "bangka"; New Zealand Māori "waka ama"; Cook Islands Māori "vaka"; Hawaiian "waa"; Tahitian and Samoan "vaa"; and Malagasy

neg: Packing problems and "n" = 19. Pack "n" unit circles into the smallest possible square. This is closely related to spreading points in a unit square with the objective of finding the greatest minimal separation, "d", between points. To convert between these two formulations of the problem, the square side for unit circles will be "L" = 2 + 2/"d". Optimal solutions have been proven for "n" ≤ 30. Pack "n" unit circles into the smallest possible isosceles right triangle. Good estimates are known for "n"<300. Pack "n" unit circles into the smallest possible equilateral triangle. Optimal solutions are known for "n"<13,

neg: National Capital Area Council Camp Roosevelt in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, the Order of the Arrow spread across the country as it formed new lodges. Lodges are the smallest standard unit of the order and each is chartered to a local scout council. The National Capital Area Council chartered what is now called the Amangamek-Wipit lodge on March 12, 1952. At the time of the first banquet on December 29, 1952 Amangamek-Wipit had 89 members. That growth was enough to convince the Clan of the Mystic Oak members to dissolve the clan and join the order at a meeting on September 24, 1952. When chartered

neg: History of Alberta the far northwest found on the Plains, including the Tsuu T'ina. The smallest unit of organization for both Plains and Subarctic people was what the European-Canadian explorers called a "lodge". A lodge was an extended family or other close-knit group who slept together in the same teepee or other dwelling. Lodges travelled together in groups which anthropologists call "bands". In the case of the Blackfoot during the historic era this would include 10 to 30 lodges, or roughly 80 to 240 persons. The band was the fundamental unit of organization on the Plains for both hunting and warfare. Bands were

neg: Gilbert N. Lewis the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy (light). Actually, the outcome of his letter to "Nature" was not what he had intended. In the letter, he proposed a photon being a structural element, not energy. He insisted on the need for a new variable, "the number of photons". Although his theory differed from the quantum theory of light introduced by Albert Einstein in 1905, his name was adopted for what Einstein had called a light quantum (Lichtquant in German). Over the course of his career, Lewis published on many other subjects besides those mentioned in this entry,

neg: Polygon covering polygon. A polygon covering problem is a special case of the set cover problem. In general, the problem of finding a smallest set covering is NP-complete, but for special classes of polygons, a smallest polygon covering can be found in polynomial time. A unit "u" contained in a polygon "P" is called "maximal" if it is not contained in any other unit in "P". When looking for a polygon covering, it is sufficient to consider maximal units, since every unit which is not maximal can be replaced with a maximal unit containing it without affecting the size of the covering.

neg: Gatra (music) Gatra (music) A gatra ("embryo" or "semantic unit") is a unit of melody in Javanese gamelan music, analogous to a measure in Western music. It is often considered the smallest unit of a gamelan composition. A "gatra" consists of a sequence of four beats ("keteg"), which are filled with notes (or rests, "pin") from the "balungan". In general, the second and fourth beats of a "gatra" are stronger than the first and third, and the final note of a "gatra", called the "seleh", dominates the "gatra". In other words, the "gatras" are like Western measures in reverse, with the strongest

neg: Exponentiation called a primitive "n"th root of unity. The negative unit −1 is the only primitive square root of unity. The imaginary unit "i" is one of the two primitive 4th roots of unity; the other one is −"i". The number "e" is the primitive "n"th root of unity with the smallest positive argument. (It is sometimes called the principal "n"th root of unity, although this terminology is not universal and should not be confused with the principal value of , which is 1.) The other "n"th roots of unity are given by for . Although there are infinitely many possible

neg: Data type languages such as ALGOL and Pascal, while the definition in terms of a value space and behaviour was used in higher-level languages such as Simula and CLU. Primitive data types are typically types that are built-in or basic to a language implementation. All data in computers based on digital electronics is represented as bits (alternatives 0 and 1) on the lowest level. The smallest addressable unit of data is usually a group of bits called a byte (usually an octet, which is 8 bits). The unit processed by machine code instructions is called a word (, typically 32 or 64

neg: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection State net, which had repeaters at different sites, and consequently, a different coverage area. The smallest geographic division of CDF Fire is the Operational Unit. Examples of Operational Units are Lassen-Modoc Operational Unit and Tuolumne-Calaveras Operational Unit. Operational Units are named for counties served. In the 1970s Operational Units were referred to as Ranger Units. Ranger Units were grouped into six CDF Regions, which may have been called "Districts" in earlier years. Radios were configured in a hierarchy with channel selections for Local (serving a Ranger Unit), District/Region, and State nets. By switching to the "State" channel, any two CDF

neg: Approximate measures Approximate measures Approximate measures are units of volumetric measurement which are not defined by a government or government-sanctioned organization, or which were previously defined and are now repealed, yet which remain in use. It may be that all English-unit derived capacity measurements are derived from one original approximate measurement: the mouthful, consisting of about ounce, called the ro in ancient Egypt (their smallest recognized unit of capacity). The mouthful was still a unit of liquid measure during Elizabethan times. (The principal Egyptian standards from small to large were the ro, hin, hekat, khar.) Because of the lack of official definitions,

neg: Approximate measures for bitters it was teaspoon, but fl oz for all other liquids. Approximate measures Approximate measures are units of volumetric measurement which are not defined by a government or government-sanctioned organization, or which were previously defined and are now repealed, yet which remain in use. It may be that all English-unit derived capacity measurements are derived from one original approximate measurement: the mouthful, consisting of about ounce, called the ro in ancient Egypt (their smallest recognized unit of capacity). The mouthful was still a unit of liquid measure during Elizabethan times. (The principal Egyptian standards from small to large were

neg: Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–45) Allied air forces. The term "Rotte" was also used for a formation of two aircraft: the smallest tactical unit, consisting of a leader and a wingman. During the Spanish Civil War, Luftwaffe aces Werner Mölders and Günther Lützow created a new formation strategy for fighter geschwader. It had two aircraft flying in a loose pair called a 'Pack' (). Two pairs constituted a . The four aircraft were flown in what was called the "Finger-four" formation. These aircraft were spread apart so that each pilot was offered maximum visibility. This arrangement was so successful that Soviet pilots in the Spanish

neg: Bantayan Southern Institute is Estrelleta Diongzon. The Bantayan Southern Institute offers the following programs. The Citizenship Advancement Program is a course that graduating fourth-year students must take before being eligible to graduate. Formerly CAT was called the Philippine Military Training. The CAT course is under the Philippine Airforce command. The commands used are either in Tagalog or English. Units are as follows (from smallest to largest): The smallest unit with an HQ staff is the "Pulangan" or squadron, consisting of the squadron commander (CAPT or MAJ), an executive officer (2LT) and a staff sergeant. In an air group, it usually comprises four staff

neg: Cabeza de Barangay descendants lost their traditional privileges and powers, but they remained as very influential elements in the political and economic life of a new democratic society. Under the democratic rule, the head of the smallest unit of the Filipino society was no longer called "Cabeza de Barangay." Furthermore, the "Barrio Captains" (or "Capitán del barrio" as these local leaders were then called), though exercising the same leadership function, no longer retained the aristocratic quality that was associated with this office during the pre-conquest and the colonial periods. Nor since the American rule has the office of the Chief of the Barangay

neg: Overhead crane original hoist contained components mated together in what is now called the built-up style hoist. These built up hoists are used for heavy-duty applications such as steel coil handling and for users desiring long life and better durability. They also provide for easier maintenance. Now many hoists are package hoists, built as one unit in a single housing, generally designed for ten-year life, but the life calculation is based on an industry standard when calculating actual life. See the Hoists Manufacturers Institute site for true life calculation which is based on load and hours used. In today's modern world for

neg: Semantic holism of an entire language. Since the "use" of a linguistic expression is only possible if the speaker who uses it understands its "meaning", one of the central problems for analytic philosophers has always been the question of meaning. What is it? Where does it come from? How is it communicated? And, among these questions, what is the smallest unit of meaning, the smallest fragment of language with which it is possible to communicate something? At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Gottlob Frege and his followers abandoned the view, common at the time, that a

neg: Least publishable unit Least publishable unit In academic publishing, the least publishable unit (LPU), also smallest publishable unit (SPU), minimum publishable unit (MPU), loot, or publon, is the smallest measurable quantum of publication, the minimum amount of information that can be used to generate a publication in a peer-reviewed venue, such as a journal or a conference. (Maximum publishable unit and optimum publishable unit are also used.) The term is often used as a joking, ironic, or derogatory reference to the strategy of artificially inflating quantity of publications. Publication of the results of research is an essential part of science. The number of

neg: Michael Halliday them." Halliday's first major work on grammar was "Categories of the theory of grammar", in the journal "Word" in 1961. In this paper, he argued for four "fundamental categories" in grammar: "unit", "structure", "class", and "system". These categories are "of the highest order of abstraction", but he defended them as necessary to "make possible a coherent account of what grammar is and of its place in language" In articulating unit, Halliday proposed the notion of a "rank scale". The units of grammar form a hierarchy, a scale from largest to smallest, which he proposed as: "sentence", "clause", "group/phrase", "word" and

neg: Monadology atoms were proposed to be the smallest division of matter. Within Leibniz’s theory, however, substances are not technically real, so monads are not the smallest part of matter, rather they are the only things which are, in fact, real. To Leibniz, space and time were an illusion, and likewise substance itself. The only things that could be called real were utterly simple beings of psychic activity “endowed with perception and appetite.” The other objects, which we call matter, are merely phenomena of these simple perceivers. “Leibniz says, ‘I don't really eliminate body, but reduce [revoco] it to what it is.

neg: Indian Air Force a commanding officer with the rank of wing commander. Some transport squadrons and helicopter units are headed by a commanding officer with the rank of group captain. Flights are sub-divisions of squadrons, commanded by a squadron leader. Each flight consists of two sections. The smallest unit is the section, led by a flight lieutenant. Each section consists of three aircraft. Within this formation structure, IAF has several service branches for day-to-day operations. They are: In September 2004, the IAF established its own special operation unit called the Garud Commando Force, consisting of approximately 1,500 personnel. For starting this special force

neg: Tagmeme expression precedes the finite verb expression. Bloomfield makes the taxeme and tagmeme part of a system of emic units, as follows: More generally, he defines any meaningful unit of linguistic signaling (not necessarily smallest) as a "linguistic form", and its meaning as a "linguistic meaning"; it may be either a "lexical form" (with a "lexical meaning") or a "grammatical form" (with a "grammatical meaning"). Bloomfield's term was adopted by Kenneth Pike and others to denote what they had previously been calling the "grammeme" (earlier "grameme"). In Pike's approach, consequently called "tagmemics", the hierarchical organization of levels (e.g. in syntax: word,

neg: Hydrological code individual streams are too small for the given subdivision type. Such remnants were combined into a single unit if they were adjacent and could be combined. These "composite" units are called "frontal units". They are non-classic because they have more than one outlet. For example, the coastal area along Puget Sound between Seattle and Mukilteo, is delineated at the finest "subwatershed" level as "Shell Creek-Frontal Puget Sound", HUC 171100190203. This hydrologic unit includes numerous small streams that drain directly to Puget Sound, including Pipers Creek and Boeing Creek. As a consequence of the smallest "subwatershed" being non-classic, every higher level

neg: Smallest organisms were first described in 1996 by Philippa Uwins of the University of Queensland. Smallest organisms The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size; including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size. Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, it is possible that the smallest organism is undiscovered. Furthermore, there is some debate over the definition of life, and what entities qualify as organisms; consequently the smallest known organism (microorganism) is debatable. Many biologists consider viruses to be non-living because they lack a cellular structure and cannot metabolize by themselves, requiring a host

neg: Penny graph are the coin graphs formed from unit circles. If each vertex is represented by a point the center of its circle, then two vertices will be adjacent if and only if their distance is the minimum distance among all pairs of points. Therefore, penny graphs have also been called minimum-distance graphs, smallest-distance graphs, or closest-pairs graphs. Similarly, in a mutual nearest neighbor graph that links pairs of points in the plane that are each other's nearest neighbors, each connected component is a penny graph, although edges in different components may have different lengths. Every penny graph is a unit disk

neg: First Nations in Alberta major food source and used the travois for transportation. Peoples in the central, aspen parkland belt of Alberta practiced hybrid cultures with features of both the aforementioned groups. At the time of contact with Euro-Canadian observers, all of the indigenous peoples in Alberta belonged to several overlapping groups: lodges, bands, tribes, and confederacies. The smallest unit was the "lodge", which is what observers called an extended family or any other group living in the same dwelling such as a teepee or wigwam. Several lodges living together formed a "band". Bands were highly mobile small groups consisting of a respected (male)

neg: Madja-as by the Visayans (the term used in the Malay settlements, of what is now Borneo and Philippines, to refer to Srivijayans) in Sumatra and Borneo. According to tradition, which survive in the local culture of Western Visayas, this seafaring vessel is called "Balangay", from which "Barangay", the smallest social unit in the present-day Philippines came from. The semi-democratic confederation or Kedatuan was integrated to the Spanish Empire through pacts and treaties (c. 1569) by Miguel López de Legazpi and his grandson Juan de Salcedo. During the time of their hispanization, the principalities of the Confederation were already developed settlements with

neg: Address e.g. HKT-12345. An address written in English should begin with the smallest unit and end with the largest unit, as in the following example for a domestic mail within Hong Kong. An address written in Chinese should begin with the largest unit and end with the smallest unit, as in the following example for a piece of domestic mail within Hong Kong. Traditional Chinese characters are used in this example. For mail to Hong Kong from overseas, "Hong Kong" should be added at the end of an address written in English, and "香港" should be added at the beginning of

neg: Pargana Pargana A pargana (, , , ), or parganah, also spelt pergunnah during the time of the Sultanate period, Mughal times and British Raj, is a former administrative unit of the Indian subcontinent, used primarily, but not exclusively, by the Muslim kingdoms. "Parganas" were introduced by the Delhi Sultanate, and the word is of Persian origin. As a revenue unit, a pargana consists of several "mouzas", which are the smallest revenue units, consisting of one or more villages and the surrounding countryside. Subdivisions of parganas were called Mouzas (area, settlements). Under the reign of Sher Shah Suri, administration of parganas

neg: Gilbert Ling use today is essentially the same as this, except that it usually contains a concentrated salt solution, and is commonly referred to as the glass capillary. In 1950 Gerard was nominated for the Nobel Prize for helping to develop the microelectrode as used in Electrophysiology. An alternative and controversial hypothesis to the membrane and membrane pump theories, the Association Induction Hypothesis is a claim related to the properties and activities of microscopic assemblies of molecules, atoms, ions and electrons of the smallest unit of life called nano-protoplasm. Ling wrote books describing his hypothesis in 1962 and 1984; and later self-published

neg: Villages of Turkey Villages of Turkey A village () is the smallest settlement unit in Turkey. There are 81 provinces () in Turkey. The governor of each province is called "vali". There are a number of districts () in each province. In İstanbul, the most populous province, the number of districts is 39. But in small provinces the number may be as low as 3. In 51 provinces, the capital of the province is also a district known as the central district with the same name. (i.e., The central district of Karaman Province is called Karaman) In 30 provinces however, the capital city

neg: Jesus Army wish to observe, and sometimes imitate, a vibrant and enduring model of charismatic community life." From six to 60 people live in a community house. The pattern of community life in the largest, down to the smallest residence, is modelled along the same principles and pattern. Those dwelling in a community house, along with the majority of members who live outside but who are formally attached to it, make up the "church household". The church household is the basic unit of the Jesus Fellowship, usually comprising both members who live in community and a majority who do not. Several church

neg: Quantum fiction that perceives atoms as the smallest unit of being. Quantum theory is a radically new view of the universe as fluid and interconnected, influencing the fundamental technique, by which stories are told in a literary genre identified as quantum fiction. It is more the way stories are told and fictional realities behave, not what they are about. Since the inception and coining work of quantum fiction recognized by "Publishers Weekly" in 1995, the influence and definition of literature by this as a genre is evidenced in the creation of novels, short fiction, calls for submissions, television and film. In 1999,

neg: Motif (music) concrete content of a rhythmically basic time-unit." Anton Webern defines a motif as, "the smallest independent particle in a musical idea", which are recognizable through their repetition. Arnold Schoenberg defines a motif as, "a unit which contains one or more features of interval and rhythm [whose] presence is maintained in constant use throughout a piece". Head-motif (German: "Kopfmotiv") refers to an opening musical idea of a set of movements which serves to unite those movements. It may also be called a motto, and is a frequent device in cyclic masses. Motif (music) In music, a motif (also motive) is a

neg: Cash rounding the penny in 2013 is also called penny rounding. When small-value coins are withdrawn, an alternative to the implementation of cash rounding is instead to increase the minimum unit of account to the smallest remaining currency unit and to round all prices and bank accounts to this value. Whereas cash rounding is an ongoing process, this alternative is a one-time conversion. It was done, for example, when the British farthing was withdrawn in 1960. Rounding is applied to the total of a bill, not to the line items on the bill. Typically, the total is rounded to the nearest multiple

neg: Tagmeme Tagmeme A tagmeme is the smallest functional element in the grammatical structure of a language. The term was introduced in the 1930s by the linguist Leonard Bloomfield, who defined it as the smallest meaningful unit of grammatical form (analogous to the morpheme, defined as the smallest meaningful unit of lexical form). The term was later adopted, and its meaning broadened, by Kenneth Pike and others beginning in the 1950s, as the basis for their tagmemics. According to the scheme set out by Leonard Bloomfield in his book "Language" (1933), the tagmeme is the smallest meaningful unit of grammatical form. A

neg: Sipahi in their timar, enlisting and training "cebelu" soldiers for the army. A "timar" was the smallest unit of land held by a Sipahi, providing a yearly revenue of no more than 20,000 , which was between two and four times what a teacher earned. A () was a larger unit of land, yielding up to 100,000 akçe, and was owned by Sipahis of officer rank. A "has" ( ) was the largest unit of land, giving revenues of more than 100,000 akçe, and was only held by the highest-ranking members of the military. A "tîmâr" Sipahi was obliged to provide

neg: Word as slang in formal contexts, misnomers due to them not meaning what they would imply or polysemous words due to the potential confusion of its multiple senses. Word In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning. This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A word may consist of a single morpheme (for example: "oh!, rock, red, quick, run, expect"), or several ("rocks, redness, quickly, running, unexpected"), whereas a morpheme may not be able to stand

neg: Marine expeditionary unit permanently forward-deployed MEU, maintaining a presence in the Pacific Ocean at all times as part of III Marine Expeditionary Force. Marine expeditionary unit A Marine expeditionary unit (MEU, pronounced "Mew"), formerly called "Marine amphibious unit" ("MAU"), is the smallest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) in the United States Fleet Marine Force. Each MEU is an expeditionary quick reaction force, deployed and ready for immediate response to any crisis, whether it be natural disaster or combat missions. A Marine expeditionary unit is normally composed of: a reinforced Marine infantry battalion (designated as a Battalion Landing Team) as the ground combat element,

neg: Marine expeditionary unit Marine expeditionary unit A Marine expeditionary unit (MEU, pronounced "Mew"), formerly called "Marine amphibious unit" ("MAU"), is the smallest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) in the United States Fleet Marine Force. Each MEU is an expeditionary quick reaction force, deployed and ready for immediate response to any crisis, whether it be natural disaster or combat missions. A Marine expeditionary unit is normally composed of: a reinforced Marine infantry battalion (designated as a Battalion Landing Team) as the ground combat element, a composite medium tiltrotor squadron forms the aviation combat element, a combat logistics battalion provides the logistics combat element, and

neg: Normal mode and the multiples of that frequency are called its harmonic overtones. He assigned to one of the oscillators the frequency of the fundamental vibration of the whole block of solid. He assigned to the remaining oscillators the frequencies of the harmonics of that fundamental, with the highest of all these frequencies being limited by the motion of the smallest primary unit. The normal modes of vibration of a crystal are in general superpositions of many overtones, each with an appropriate amplitude and phase. Longer wavelength (low frequency) phonons are exactly those acoustical vibrations which are considered in the theory of

neg: Irrational number dictated that they necessarily must be, for “whole numbers represent discrete objects, and a commensurable ratio represents a relation between two collections of discrete objects.” However Zeno found that in fact “[quantities] in general are not discrete collections of units; this is why ratios of incommensurable [quantities] appear….[Q]uantities are, in other words, continuous.” What this means is that, contrary to the popular conception of the time, there cannot be an indivisible, smallest unit of measure for any quantity. That in fact, these divisions of quantity must necessarily be infinite. For example, consider a line segment: this segment can be split

neg: Rational solution for Collaborative Lifecycle Management across Jazz-based applications, such as Requirements Management, to connect the work of analysts with development and test teams. An application is the smallest unit of install, deployment, and update. Rational Requirements Composer, Rational Team Concert, and Rational Quality Manager products are groups of applications. Different license and role combinations enable varying levels of access (read only or read/write) to the capabilities within the applications. A capability, such as Change Management, is the smallest unit of function that can be enabled through licensing. Rational Requirements Composer, Rational Team Concert and Rational Quality Manager are delivered as a set of shared applications

neg: States of Germany are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states. In 2010 only three "Kommunalverbände besonderer Art" exist. Ämter ("offices" or "bureaus"): In some states there is an administrative unit between the districts and the municipalities, called "Ämter" (singular "Amt"), "Amtsgemeinden", "Gemeindeverwaltungsverbände", "Landgemeinden", "Verbandsgemeinden", "Verwaltungsgemeinschaften", or "Kirchspiellandgemeinden". Municipalities ("Gemeinden"): Every rural district and every "Amt" is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are () 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights ("Stadtrechte").

neg: Subsidiarity (Catholicism) because they are the vehicle by which society functions most effectively and corresponds most closely with human dignity. Examples of these associations today would include the family, unions, nonprofit organizations, religious congregations, and corporations of all sizes. Subsidiarity charts a course between the Scylla of individualism and Charybdis of collectivism by locating the responsibilities and privileges of social life in the smallest unit of organization at which they will function. Larger social bodies, be they the state or otherwise, are permitted and required to intervene only when smaller ones cannot carry out the tasks themselves. Even in this case, the

neg: Incident management team if the fire becomes complex additional resources are called in to address the emergency, and higher levels of management training and capability are required. IMTs are "typed" according to the complexity of incidents they are capable of managing and are part of an incident command system. To manage the logistical, fiscal, planning, operational, safety and community issues related to the incident/emergency, an Incident Management Team will provide the command and control infrastructure that is required. Incident management starts as the smallest unit and escalates according to the complexity of the emergency. The five types of IMTs are as follows: An

neg: Smallest cardiac veins Therefore, the endocardial opening must be traced to a vein before it is definitely called an opening of the smallest cardiac veins. The thebesian veins are named after the German anatomist Adam Christian Thebesius, who described them in a 1708 treatise called "Disputatio medica inauguralis de circulo sanguinis in corde". Smallest cardiac veins The smallest cardiac veins (or Thebesian veins) are minute valveless veins in the walls of all four heart chambers. The veins are sometimes accurately referred to as vessels, but they are frequently confused with a distinct set of artery connections eponymously referred to as the "vessels of

neg: Matchstick graph neighbors. This number is called the degree of the graph. It is known that there are matchstick graphs that are regular of any degree up to 4. The complete graphs with one, two, and three vertices (a single vertex, a single edge, and a triangle) are all matchstick graphs and are 0-, 1-, and 2-regular respectively. The smallest 3-regular matchstick graph is formed from two copies of the diamond graph placed in such a way that corresponding vertices are at unit distance from each other; its bipartite double cover is the 8-crossed prism graph. In 1986, Heiko Harborth presented the

neg: Chemistry such as ionic compounds and network solids, are organized in such a way as to lack the existence of identifiable molecules "per se". Instead, these substances are discussed in terms of formula units or unit cells as the smallest repeating structure within the substance. Examples of such substances are mineral salts (such as table salt), solids like carbon and diamond, metals, and familiar silica and silicate minerals such as quartz and granite. One of the main characteristics of a molecule is its geometry often called its structure. While the structure of diatomic, triatomic or tetra-atomic molecules may be trivial, (linear,

neg: Quadratic integer that may be written , with and positive (integers or halves of integers). The fundamental units for the 10 smallest positive square-free are , , (the golden ratio), , , , , , , . For larger , the coefficients of the fundamental unit may be very large. For example, for , the fundamental units are respectively , and . Every square-free integer (different from 0 and 1) defines a quadratic integer ring, which is the integral domain of the algebraic integers contained in formula_19 It is the set , where is defined as above. It is called the ring

neg: ARM Cortex-M Buffer (MTB) which provides a simple instruction trace buffer. The Cortex-M0+ also received Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4 features, which can be added as silicon options, such as the memory protection unit (MPU) and the vector table relocation. Key features of the Cortex-M0+ core are: Silicon options: The following microcontrollers are based on the Cortex-M0+ core: The following chips have a Cortex-M0+ as a secondary core: The smallest ARM microcontrollers are of the Cortex-M0+ type (as of 2014, smallest at 1.6 mm by 2 mm is Kinetis KL03). On 21 June 2018, the "world's smallest computer'", or computer device was announced based

neg: Obec Obec Obec (plural: "obce" or "obcí") is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities are also municipalities. The council is called "obecní zastupitelstvo/obecné zastupiteľstvo" or "zastupitelstvo města/mestské zastupiteľstvo" or "zastupitelstvo městyse", the office is called "obecní úřad/obecný úrad" or "úřad města/mestský úrad" or "úřad městyse". An obec can have its own flag and coat of arms and is composed of one or more cadastral areas ("katastrální území/katastrálne územia").

neg: Oahspe: A New Bible number of its sub-books are printed on pages divided in two. In these, the top half of the page contains a narrative of celestial events, while the bottom half describes the corresponding events on Earth. "Oahspe" includes doctrinal books, and precepts for behavior can be found throughout its many books. Freedom and responsibility are two themes reiterated throughout the text of "Oahspe". Some core doctrines include an herbivorous diet (vegan, vegetable food only), peaceful living (no warring or violence; pacifism), living a life of virtue, service to others, angelic assistance, spiritual communion, and communal living, (the smallest collective unit being

neg: Edward Nelson formula_1, of the plane? In more detail, what is the smallest number of colors sufficient for coloring the points of the Euclidean plane such that no two points of the same color are unit distance apart? We know by simple arguments that 4 ≤ "χ" ≤ 7. The problem was introduced to a wide mathematical audience by Martin Gardner in his October 1960 Mathematical Games column. The chromatic number problem, also now known as the Hadwiger–Nelson problem, was a favorite of Paul Erdős, who mentioned it frequently in his problems lectures. In the later part of his career, he worked

neg: Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial 0.02 acre (80 m²), the memorial is America's smallest unit of the National Park System. The site is currently open for touring, Saturday and Sunday, from 12:00 noon to 4:00 p.m. No fees, tickets, or reservations are required to visit this site. Notes Bibliography Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, at 301 Pine Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, preserves the home of Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Kościuszko. The life and work of the Polish patriot and hero of the American Revolution are commemorated here. Kosciuszko returned to the United States to a hero's welcome after his wounding, capture, imprisonment, and banishment

neg: Sememe of the following: a meme in a culture, a gene in a genome, or an atom (or, more specifically, an elementary particle) in a substance. A seme is the name for the smallest unit of meaning recognized in semantics, referring to a single characteristic of a sememe. There are five types of sememes: two denotational and three connotational, the latter occurring only in phrase units (they do not reflect the denotation): The operational definition of synonymy depends on the distinctions between these classes of sememes. For example, the differentiation between what some academics call cognitive synonyms and near-synonyms depends on

neg: Fredric Jameson exploited both the explicit formal and thematic choices of the writer and the unconscious framework guiding these. Artistic choices that were ordinarily viewed in purely aesthetic terms were recast in terms of historical literary practices and norms, in an attempt to develop a systematic inventory of the constraints they imposed on the artist as an individual creative subject. To further this meta-commentary, Jameson described the "ideologeme", or "the smallest intelligible unit of the essentially antagonistic collective discourses of social classes", the smallest legible residue of the real-life, ongoing struggles occurring between social classes. (The term "ideologeme" was first used by

neg: Morpheme whether syntactic trees have morphemes as leaves or features as leaves. Given the definition of a morpheme as "the smallest meaningful unit", nanosyntax aims to account for idioms where it is often an entire syntactic tree which contributes "the smallest meaningful unit." An example idiom is "Don't let the cat out of the bag" where the idiom is composed of "let the cat out of the bag" and that might be considered a semantic morpheme, which is composed of many syntactic morphemes. Other cases where the "smallest meaningful unit" is larger than a word include some collocations such as "in

neg: Optical telescope 550 nm wavelength, is given by: formula_12 The unit used in the object diameter results in the smallest resolvable features at that unit. In the above example they are approximated in kilometers resulting in the smallest resolvable Moon craters being 3.22 km in diameter. The Hubble Space Telescope has a primary mirror aperture of 2400 mm that provides a surface resolvability of Moon craters being 174.9 meters in diameter, or sunspots of 7365.2 km in diameter. Ignoring blurring of the image by turbulence in the atmosphere (atmospheric seeing) and optical imperfections of the telescope, the angular resolution of an optical

neg: Salk "salk" is meant to operate on a battlefield along with other "salk's" on a landscale not greater than 50 x 100 metres. There are no logistical support elements in the structure of a "jagu". In the Canadian Army 'fireteam' refers to two soldiers paired for fire and movement. Two fireteams form an 'assault group' and two assault groups form a section of eight soldiers. Many other armed forces see the squad as the smallest military unit; some countries' armies have a pair consisting of two soldiers as the smallest military unit. In others a fireteam is composed of two pairs

neg: Ecotope smallest spatial object or component of a geographical landscape". Other academics clarified this to suggest that an ecotope is ecologically homogeneous and is the smallest ecological land unit that is relevant. The term "patch" was used in place of the term "ecotope", by Foreman and Godron (1986), who defined a patch as "a nonlinear surface area differing in appearance from its surroundings". However, by definition, ecotopes must be identified using a full suite of ecosystem characteristics: patches are a more general type of spatial unit than ecotopes. In ecology an ecotope has also been defined as "The species relation to

neg: Fire triangle pattern of weather is summarized as climate. Lastly, fuels is the term to describe what burns in a single flame to the range of materials burnt in a spreading wildfire, but fuels vary over larger space and time scales in what is called vegetation. At the smallest scale, the combustion fire triangle, individual fuel particles are ignited once at a critical temperature, and fire transfers energy to the nearest surroundings. Combustion events range on the scale of several seconds to a couple of days and their effects are monitored at the quadrant scale. The largest scale, in contrast, describes the

neg: Municipalities of Estonia Municipalities of Estonia A municipality (, plural ) is the smallest administrative subdivision of Estonia. Each municipality is a unit of self-government with its representative and executive bodies. The municipalities in Estonia cover the entire territory of the country. Municipalities in Estonia are of two types: urban municipalities or towns (, singular ) and rural municipalities or parishes (, singular ). There is no other status distinction between them. Municipalities may contain one or several settlements. All urban municipalities plus 6 rural municipalities contain only one settlement. Of the latter six, 5 are so-called "borough-parishes", consisting of one borough, while

neg: Mishnah unit of structure, leading to the use of the plural, ""Mishnayot"", for the whole work. Because of the division into six orders, the "Mishnah" is sometimes called 'Shas' (an acronym for "Shisha Sedarim" – the "six orders"), though that term is more often used for the Talmud as a whole. The six orders are: In each order (with the exception of Zeraim), tractates are arranged from biggest (in number of chapters) to smallest. A popular mnemonic consists of the acronym "Z'MaN NaKaT." The Babylonian Talmud (Hagiga 14a) states that there were either six hundred or seven hundred orders of the

neg: Unit testing Unit testing In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use. Intuitively, one can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming, a unit could be an entire module, but it is more commonly an individual function or procedure. In object-oriented programming, a unit is often an entire interface, such as a class, but could be an individual

neg: National Security Guard Special Action Group. The two SAGs (51 and 52) are tasked for counter-terror and counter-hijack operations respectively. The smallest operation sub unit of the SAG is called "hit", usually commanded by an NCO. A "hit" has five members – two pairs, or buddies, and a technical support member. Four hits make a team. A team is commanded by a Captain. In hostage rescue operations, depending on the situation, team size may vary between 50 and 90 NSG personnel. For immediate transport airlift IL-76MD strategic transport aircraft are stationed at New Delhi's Palam Air Force Station and are ready to deploy

neg: Definitive stamp using as few stamps as possible. Generally the smallest value will be the smallest unit of currency, or smallest fractional postal rate; for instance, the 1925 regular issue of the United States included a 1/2-cent stamp because some rates were expressed in fractions of a cent per ounce. The highest value of the series is generally quite large, typically from 50-100 times the normal letter rate; typical values include one pound, five dollars, etc. Not often seen by the average person, they are most common for parcels. The in-between values are usually chosen to "make change" efficiently, for instance 1,

neg: Cantons of Costa Rica that new cantons may only be created if they have at least one percent of the republic's total population, which was as of the last census (2011). The last new canton, Río Cuarto, was created on March 30, 2017. The largest canton by population is the capital San José with a population of . The smallest canton by population is Turrubares with residents. The largest canton by land area is San Carlos, which spans , while the smallest is Flores at . Each canton is controlled by a government unit called "Municipalidad". The term reflects the fact that the cantons

neg: Parsytec more or less a single "slice" — Parsytec called them cluster (picture) — of a GigaCube (PPC or Transputer), which used 4 of those clusters in its smallest version (GC-1). Thus, some call it a "GC-0.25". The POWERx'plorer was based on 8 processing units arranged in a 2D mesh. Each processing unit had The Parsytec CC (Cognitive Computer) (picture) system was an autonomous unit at the card rack level. The CC card rack subsystem provided the system with its infrastructure including power supply and cooling. The system could be configured as a standard 19" rack mountable unit which accepted the

neg: V-Model (software development) specifications will contain a detailed functional logic of the module, in pseudocode: The unit test design is developed in this stage. In the V-model, each stage of verification phase has a corresponding stage in the validation phase. The following are the typical phases of validation in the V-Model, though they may be known by other names. In the V-Model, Unit Test Plans (UTPs) are developed during module design phase. These UTPs are executed to eliminate bugs at code level or unit level. A unit is the smallest entity which can independently exist, e.g. a program module. Unit testing verifies that

neg: Blue Rondo à la Turk one replied "This rhythm is to us what the blues is to you." Hence the title "Blue Rondo à la Turk." The rhythm is an additive rhythm that consists of three measures of followed by one measure of and the cycle then repeats. Taking the smallest time unit as eighth notes, then the main beats are: \new RhythmicStaff { </score> Keith Emerson used this piece (uncredited) as a foundation of his "Rondo" beginning when he was with progressive rock band The Nice, using it on the album "The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack". Emerson's version was in time and Brubeck, meeting

neg: Disk covering problem Disk covering problem The disk covering problem asks for the smallest real number formula_1 such that formula_2 disks of radius formula_1 can be arranged in such a way as to cover the unit disk. Dually, for a given radius "ε", one wishes to find the smallest integer "n" such that "n" disks of radius "ε" can cover the unit disk. The best solutions known to date are as follows: The following picture shows an example of a dashed disk of radius 1 covered by six solid-line disks of radius ~0.6. One of the covering disks is placed central and the

neg: Catholic social teaching of all sizes. Subsidiarity charts a course between the Scylla of individualism and Charybdis of collectivism by locating the responsibilities and privileges of social life in the smallest unit of organization at which they will function. Larger social bodies, be they the state or otherwise, are permitted and required to intervene only when smaller ones cannot carry out the tasks themselves. Even in this case, the intervention must be temporary and for the purpose of empowering the smaller social body to be able to carry out such functions on its own. Solidarity is a firm and persevering determination to commit

neg: Least publishable unit publications is often used to assess the work of a scientist and as a basis for distributing research funds. In order to achieve a high rank in such an assessment, there is a trend to split up research results into smaller parts that are published separately, thus inflating the number of publications. This process has been described as splitting the results into the smallest publishable units. "Salami publication", sometimes also referred to as "salami slicing", is a variant of the smallest-publishable-unit strategy. In salami publishing, data gathered by one research project is separately reported (wholly or in part) in multiple

neg: Advanced very-high-resolution radiometer that the satellite records discrete information for areas on the ground that are 1.1 × 1.1 kilometers. This smallest recorded unit is called a pixel. AVHRR data have been collected continuously since 1981. The primary purpose of these instruments is to monitor clouds and to measure the thermal emission of the Earth. These sensors have proven useful for a number of other applications, however, including the surveillance of land surfaces, ocean state, aerosols, etc. AVHRR data are particularly relevant to study climate change and environmental degradation because of the comparatively long records of data already accumulated (over 20 years). The

neg: Education in Iceland students—the smallest, less than fifty. The gymnasia can be divided thus: The law requires that there are academic, vocational, artistic and general programmes of study, all of which lead to higher education. Any gymnasium can therefore offer the matriculation examination, called the "Stúdentspróf", providing it complies with Ministry of Education regulations. The gymnasia have forms which operate on a unit-credit system, that is to say a term is divided into course units, each of which is worth a certain number of credits. Students are consequently able to regulate the speed of their education based on their personal circumstances. This system

neg: Letter (alphabet) Letter (alphabet) A letter is a grapheme (written character) in an alphabetic system of writing. It is a visual representation of the smallest unit of spoken sound. Letters broadly correspond to phonemes in the spoken form of the language, although there is rarely a consistent, exact correspondence between letters and phonemes. Written signs in other writing systems are called syllabograms (which denote a syllable) or logograms (which indicate a word or phrase). The contemporary English-language alphabet, known as Roman style, consists of twenty-six letters. Each letter corresponds to one or more sounds, and the letters are combined in the order

neg: Law enforcement in the Netherlands a region is determined by the number of inhabitants and the amount of crime in the region. So the smallest force counts about 300 police officers, while the largest one counts more than 5000 police employees. There are about 55,000 police employees serving in the Netherlands. Selected police officers may also be deployed in a riot police Mobile Unit. Mobile units are called in to deal with serious public order offenses. Each police region has one or more units on stand-by for a total of 45 mobile units nationwide, each of which has about 50 members (including middle-ranking and senior

neg: Protomer Protomer In structural biology, a protomer is the structural unit of an oligomeric protein. It is the smallest unit composed of at least two different protein chains that form a larger hetero-oligomer by association of two or more copies of this unit. The term was introduced by Chetverin to make nomenclature in the Na/K-ATPase enzyme unambiguous. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit, alpha and a smaller glycoprotein subunit, beta (plus a proteolipid, called γ-subunit). At the time it was unclear how many of each work together. In addition, when people spoke of a dimer, did

neg: Mishnah (536 BCE – 70 CE) would be forgotten. Most of the Mishnah is written in Mishnaic Hebrew, while some parts are Aramaic. The Mishnah consists of six orders (', singular ' ), each containing 7–12 tractates (', singular ' ; lit. "web"), 63 in total, and further subdivided into chapters and paragraphs. The word "Mishnah" can also indicate a single paragraph of the work, i.e. the smallest unit of structure in the Mishnah. For this reason the whole work is sometimes called in the plural, "". The term ""Mishnah"" originally referred to a method of teaching by presenting topics in

neg: Unit of measurement small set of units is required. These units are taken as the "base units". Other units are "derived units". Derived units are a matter of convenience, as they can be expressed in terms of basic units. Which units are considered base units is a matter of choice. The base units of SI are actually not the smallest set possible. Smaller sets have been defined. For example, there are unit sets in which the electric and magnetic field have the same unit. This is based on physical laws that show that electric and magnetic field are actually different manifestations of the

neg: Battalion a regiment" is from 1708. A battalion is the smallest military unit capable of "limited independent operations", meaning it includes an executive, staff (i.e., S-1, S-2, etc.) with a support and services unit (e.g., headquarters and headquarters company). The battalion must have a source of re-supply to enable it to sustain operations for more than a few days. This is because a battalion's complement of ammunition, expendable weapons (e.g., hand grenades and disposable rocket launchers), water, rations, fuel, lubricants, replacement parts, batteries, and medical supplies normally consists of only what the battalion's soldiers and the battalion's vehicles can carry. In

neg: Motor unit number estimation The way of finding the average size of these action potentials depends on the method used, as described below. There are at least six techniques that are currently in use to estimate motor unit numbers. These include incremental stimulation, multi-point stimulation method, F-response method, spike-triggered averaging method and the statistical method. Incremental stimulation is the most illustrative of the concept, and so will be discussed here. According to Henneman's size principle, motor unit recruitment is always in the same order from smallest to largest motor unit. Additionally, the motor unit action potential is an all-or-none phenomenon - once the recruitment

neg: Vill court, or suing other vills, or purchasing privileges from the Crown, as well as repairing bridges and churches as required. While retaining and even extending its hierarchical and socially stratified nature to the end, the medieval vill always remained a vibrant part of local rural life. Vill Vill is a term used in English history to describe the basic rural land unit, roughly comparable to that of a parish, manor, or tithing. The vill was the smallest territorial and administrative unit - a geographical subdivision of the hundred and county. - in Anglo-Saxon England; and served both a policing function

neg: Pacific pocket mouse hairy, which are also the distinguishing marks on the Pacific pocket mouse along with the two patches of hair that are lighter at the base of the ear. The young baby of a pocket mouse is called a “pinkie, kitten or pup.” The females are called “does” and the males are called “bucks.” The pocket mouse group is called a “nest, colony, harvest, horde or mischief.” The skull, hind foot and skull are almost the smallest of all the pocket mouse species. Since the Pacific pocket mice are in the midst of the smallest subspecies of little pocket mice, they

neg: 182d Fighter Squadron made because Lackland (Kelly Annex) (47) had higher military value than Springfield-Beckley AGB (128). This recommendation also would optimize the squadron size of the 182d, the only ANG F-16 Flying Training Unit. The squadron's Block 30 aircraft, manufactured between 1987 and 1989 are currently reaching the end of their service life. They have been certified by Boeing though at least 2015, however it is unclear what aircraft or what the mission of the unit will transition to in the future. 182d Fighter Squadron The 182d Fighter Squadron (182 FS) is a unit of the Texas Air National Guard 149th Fighter

neg: Distributism provided the classical statement of the principle: "Just as it is gravely wrong to take from individuals what they can accomplish by their own initiative and industry and give it to the community, so also it is an injustice and at the same time a grave evil and disturbance of right order to assign to a greater and higher association what lesser and subordinate organizations can do." Thus, any activity of production (which distributism holds to be the most important part of any economy) ought to be performed by the smallest possible unit. This helps support distributism's argument that smaller

neg: Surface-area-to-volume ratio Surface-area-to-volume ratio The surface-area-to-volume ratio, also called the surface-to-volume ratio and variously denoted sa/vol or SA:V, is the amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or collection of objects. In chemical reactions involving a solid material, the surface area to volume ratio is an important factor for the reactivity, that is, the rate at which the chemical reaction will proceed. For a given volume, the object with the smallest surface area (and therefore with the smallest SA:V) is the sphere, a consequence of the isoperimetric inequality in 3 dimensions. By contrast, objects with tiny spikes will have

neg: Holometer the equivalent blurriness or noise in reality itself, associated with the ultimate frequency limit imposed by nature." Craig Hogan, a particle astrophysicist at Fermilab, states about the experiment, "What we’re looking for is when the lasers lose step with each other. We’re trying to detect the smallest unit in the universe. This is really great fun, a sort of old-fashioned physics experiment where you don’t know what the result will be." Experimental physicist Hartmut Grote of the Max Planck Institute in Germany states that although he is skeptical that the apparatus will successfully detect the holographic fluctuations, if the experiment

neg: Nadav Tamir connecting the two bodies, through out of politics channels, around what Tamir called "Jewish Peopleness", and the image of "The Big Tent" which contains all community members, including those who have conflicts with the Israeli government. Some of the community leaders stated that Tamir made the Consulate a central factor in advancing economic activities between Israel and the New England states, which are national leaders in Life Sciences and Hi-Tech industries. After completing his duty as consul, Tamir joined the Policy Planning unit of the Foreign Ministry in Jerusalem. Today Tamir is known as one of the top experts in

neg: China Family Panel Studies physical and mental health. The themes cover social, economic, education, health and so forth. Datasets are available on the China Family Panel Studies main website. Xie, Yu: Peking University, and Princeton University Zhang, Xiaobo: Peking University Tu, Ping: Peking University Ren, Qiang: Peking University This study is funded by: Subject terms: attitudes, children, cognitive functioning, community development, debt, education, employment, expenditures, family businesses, family life, financial assets, health, household composition, ideologies, income, insurance, land distribution, language, marital status, mental health, migrants, parental attitudes, pensions, public transportation, real estate, retirement, social interaction, time utilization. Smallest geographic unit: Community Geographic coverage: People's