query: give two places in the body that produce lipases

pos: Lipase built on an alpha/beta hydrolase fold and employ a chymotrypsin-like hydrolysis mechanism using a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile, a histidine base, and an acid residue (usually aspartic acid). Lipases are involved in diverse biological processes which range from routine metabolism of dietary triglycerides to cell signaling and inflammation. Thus, some lipase activities are confined to specific compartments within cells while others work in extracellular spaces. The main lipases of the human digestive system are pancreatic lipase (PL) and pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2), which are secreted by the pancreas. Humans also have several other related enzymes,

pos: Fat water. Some fatty acids that are set free by the digestion of fats are called essential because they cannot be synthesized in the body from simpler constituents. There are two essential fatty acids (EFAs) in human nutrition: alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). Other lipids needed by the body can be synthesized from these and other fats. Fats and other lipids are broken down in the body by enzymes called lipases produced in the pancreas. Fats and oils are categorized according to the number and bonding of the carbon atoms in the aliphatic

pos: Lipase pancreas. Measured serum lipase values may vary depending on the method of analysis. Lipase can also assist in the breakdown of fats into lipids in those undergoing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). It is a key component in Sollpura (Liprotamase). 25. Gulzar, Bio-degradation of hydrocarbons using different bacterial and fungal species. Published in international conference on biotechnology and neurosciences. CUSAT (cochin university of science and technology), 2003 Lipase A lipase (, ) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids). Lipases are a subclass of the esterases. Lipases perform essential roles in digestion, transport and processing of dietary

pos: Lipase inhibitors Lipase inhibitors Lipase inhibitors are substances used to reduce the activity of lipases found in the intestine. Lipases are secreted by the pancreas when fat is present. The primary role of lipase inhibitors is to decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of fats. Fats then tend to be excreted in feces rather than being absorbed to be used as a source of caloric energy, and this can result in weight loss in individuals. These inhibitors could be used for the treatment of obesity, which can subsequently lead to Type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases if not managed. An example of a lipase

neg: Gastric lipase the two acidic lipases. In neonates, acidic lipases are much more important, providing up to 50% of total lipolytic activity.They breakdown triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids. Gastric lipase can partially compensate for the decrease in production of pancreatic lipase associated with pancreatic dysfunction, giving some means for the body to digest lipids. A limitation of acidic lipases is that they remove only one fatty acid from each triacylglycerol. The free fatty acid can readily cross the epithelial membrane lining the gastrointestinal tract, but the diacylglycerol cannot be transported across. This leaves the acidic lipases less efficient than alkaline lipases.

neg: Chlorethoxyfos processes in the body. Recent studies show that organophosphorus insecticides inhibit enzymes which take part in xenobiotic metabolism, for example carboxylases and CYP enzymes, and enzymes that play a role in cell signaling, like lipases. Metabolism of organophosphates occurs mostly in the liver, but also in other organs, like the intestine. Before chlorethoxyfos can act as an inhibitor, phase I enzymes need to activate the organophosphate. Phase I of metabolism involves oxidation and hydrolysis. By oxidative desulphuration, CYP enzymes replace the thiono group with an oxono group. After oxidation, hydrolysis of the organophosphate by esterases takes places. Detoxification occurs when

neg: Hydrolase the body, which becomes a nice intermediate for other reactions such as glycolysis. Lipases hydrolyze glycerides. Glycosidases cleave sugar molecules off carbohydrates and peptidases hydrolyze peptide bonds. Nucleosidases hydrolyze the bonds of nucleotides. Hydrolase enzymes are important for the body because they have degradative properties. In lipids, lipases contribute to the breakdown of fats and lipoproteins and other larger molecules into smaller molecules like fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids and other small molecules are used for synthesis and as a source of energy. In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For

neg: Gastric lipase Gastric lipase Gastric lipase, also known as LIPF, is an enzymatic protein that, in humans, is encoded by the "LIPF" gene. Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase secreted by the gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa in the stomach. It has a pH optimum of 3–6. Gastric lipase, together with lingual lipase, comprise the two acidic lipases. These lipases, unlike alkaline lipases (such as pancreatic lipase), do not require bile acid or colipase for optimal enzymatic activity. Acidic lipases make up 30% of lipid hydrolysis occurring during digestion in the human adult, with gastric lipase contributing the most of

neg: Shivering of heat as a byproduct. Most often, when the purpose of the muscle activity is to produce motion, the heat is wasted energy. In shivering, the heat is the main intended product and is utilized for warmth. Newborn babies, infants, and young children experience a greater (net) heat loss than adults because they cannot shiver to maintain body heat . They rely on non-shivering thermogenesis. Children have an increased amount of brown adipose tissue (increased vascular supply, and high mitochondrial density), and, when cold-stressed, will have greater oxygen consumption and will release norepinephrine. Norepinephrine will react with lipases in brown

neg: Body odor for body odor which may be related to human bipedalism. The genital and armpit regions also contain springy hairs which help diffuse body odors. The main components of human axillary odor are unsaturated or hydroxylated branched fatty acids with E-3M2H (E-3-methylhex-2-enoic acid) and HMHA (3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid), sulfanylalkanols and particularly 3M3SH (3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol), and the odoriferous steroids androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one) and androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol). E-3M2H is bound and carried by two apocrine secretion odor-binding proteins, ASOB1 and ASOB2, to the skin surface. Body odor is influenced by the actions of the skin flora, including members of "Corynebacterium", which manufacture enzymes called lipases that break

neg: Virulence factor pyogenes", "Staphylococcus aureus" and "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", produce a variety of enzymes which cause damage to host tissues. Enzymes include hyaluronidase, which breaks down the connective tissue component hyaluronic acid; a range of proteases and lipases; DNases, which break down DNA, and hemolysins which break down a variety of host cells, including red blood cells. Virulence Factors basically Include the Antigenic Structure and The Toxins produced by the organisms. A major group of virulence factors are proteins that can control the activation levels of GTPases. There are two ways in which they act. One is by acting as a GEF or

neg: Lipase Lipase A lipase (, ) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids). Lipases are a subclass of the esterases. Lipases perform essential roles in digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g. triglycerides, fats, oils) in most, if not all, living organisms. Genes encoding lipases are even present in certain viruses. Most lipases act at a specific position on the glycerol backbone of a lipid substrate (A1, A2 or A3)(small intestine). For example, human pancreatic lipase (HPL), which is the main enzyme that breaks down dietary fats in the human digestive system, converts triglyceride substrates found in

neg: Halobacterium during a presumably short time when a pool of water could be liquid. Beta-Carotene, a pigment in halophilic bacteria that contributes to their red coloration, is used in the food industry as a natural food dye. Halophiles produce degradative enzymes such as lipases, amylases, proteases, and xylanases that are used in various food processing methods. Notable applications of these enzymes include enhancing the fermentation process of salty foods, improving dough quality for the baking of breads, and contributing to the production of coffee. Many species of halophilic bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) which are used industrially as bioremediation agents. Biosurfactants are

neg: Leech to their host, dropping off after consuming a blood meal. Some marine species, however, remain attached until it is time to reproduce. If present in great numbers on a host, these can be debilitating, and in extreme cases, cause death. Leeches are unusual in that they do not produce amylases, lipases or endopeptidases. This lack of endopeptidases means the mechanism of protein digestion cannot follow the same sequence as it would in all other animals in which endopeptidases first split proteins into peptides, and the exopeptidases then degrade the peptides. However, they do produce intestinal exopeptidases which remove amino acids

neg: Lipase ingested oils to monoglycerides and two fatty acids. Several other types of lipase activities exist in nature, such as phospholipases and sphingomyelinases; however, these are usually treated separately from "conventional" lipases. Some lipases are expressed and secreted by pathogenic organisms during an infection. In particular, "Candida albicans" has a large number of different lipases, possibly reflecting broad-lipolytic activity, which may contribute to the persistence and virulence of "C. albicans "in human tissue. Although a diverse array of genetically distinct lipase enzymes are found in nature; and, they represent several types of protein folds and catalytic mechanisms, most of them are

neg: Lipase including hepatic lipase, endothelial lipase, and lipoprotein lipase. Not all of these lipases function in the gut (see table). Other lipases include , , , , , , , , , and . There also are a diverse array of phospholipases, but these are not always classified with the other lipases. Lipases serve important roles in human practices as ancient as yogurt and cheese fermentation. However, lipases are also being exploited as cheap and versatile catalysts to degrade lipids in more modern applications. For instance, a biotechnology company has brought recombinant lipase enzymes to market for use in applications such

neg: Trenbolone as an ester conjugate such as trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, or trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate. Plasma lipases then cleave the ester group in the bloodstream leaving free trenbolone. Trenbolone and 17-epitrenbolone are both excreted in urine as conjugates that can be hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase. This implies that trenbolone leaves the body as beta-glucuronides or sulfates. Trenbolone, also known as 19-nor-δ-testosterone or as estra-4,9,11-trien-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid a derivative of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). It is specifically nandrolone with two additional double bonds in the steroid nucleus. Trenbolone esters, which have an ester at the C17β position, include trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, trenbolone

neg: Airstream mechanism at two places of articulation, and the airstream is formed by movement of the body of the tongue. Lingual stops are more commonly known as clicks, and are almost universally ingressive. The word "lingual" is derived from Latin "lingua", which means tongue. To produce a lingual ingressive airstream, first close the vocal tract at two places: at the back of the tongue, as in a velar or uvular stop, and simultaneously with the front of the tongue or the lips, as in a coronal or bilabial stop. These holds may be voiceless, voiced, or nasalized. Then lower the body of

neg: Give Me Immortality or Give Me Death apparent multi-national conglomerate with intentionally vague commercials that hint at their all-encompassing presence ("We're U.S. Plus. We own the "idea"...of America!"). The urbane, sophisticated Goddess Airways commercials promise "no bloody babies" on their flights. Used car dealer Ralph Spoilsport (Proctor), last heard in "How Can You Be in Two Places at Once When You're Not Anywhere at All", appears selling used body parts in a "going out of body" sale. Newscasters Harold Hiphugger (Ossman) and Ray Hamberger (Proctor), introduced in "Everything You Know Is Wrong", work at the "Radio Now" station. Caroline Presskey (Proctor), a gameshow contestant on "Don't Crush

neg: Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors length of long-chain triglycerides prevent their absorption through the intestinal mucosa. For that reason lipases in the gastrointestinal tract must hydrolyse it to smaller molecules, free fatty acids and monoglyceride, before absorption can occur. Gastric- and lingual lipases are the two acidic lipolytic enzymes that origin preduodenal but the gastric lipase is in much higher levels in humans. Gastric lipase is synthesized and secreted from gastric chief cells in the stomach and is stable at pH 1,5-8, but has maximum activity at pH 3-6. Fat digestion begins when gastric lipase hydrolyses dietary triglycerides, by cleaving only one long-, medium- or

neg: Pancreatic lipase family Pancreatic lipase family Triglyceride lipases () are a family of lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyse ester linkages of triglycerides. Lipases are widely distributed in animals, plants and prokaryotes. At least three tissue-specific isozymes exist in higher vertebrates, pancreatic, hepatic and gastric/lingual. These lipases are closely related to each other and to lipoprotein lipase (), which hydrolyses triglycerides of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The most conserved region in all these proteins is centred on a serine residue which has been shown to participate, with an histidine and an aspartic acid residue, in a charge relay system. Such a region

neg: Pancreatic lipase family example is Orlistat. However, it suffers from many adverse effects. There is thus a need to find out safer alternatives. Plant-based lipase inhibitors hold great hope to fulfill the need . Pancreatic lipase family Triglyceride lipases () are a family of lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyse ester linkages of triglycerides. Lipases are widely distributed in animals, plants and prokaryotes. At least three tissue-specific isozymes exist in higher vertebrates, pancreatic, hepatic and gastric/lingual. These lipases are closely related to each other and to lipoprotein lipase (), which hydrolyses triglycerides of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The most conserved region in

neg: Merrilactone A The biosynthesis shown in the figure was newly proposed and solved these problems. The point of this pathway is that seco-prezizaane, anislactone and tashironin group which are all found in "Illicium" are all derived from the same intermediate 6. This is expected to be able to give all characteristic sesquiterpenes in "Illicium" plants a reasonable explanation of biosynthesis. Since the discovery of merrilactone A, many methods of total synthesis have been proposed, of which four produce racemic body, and two produce natural enantiomer. Merrilactone A Merrilactone A is one of the four sesquiterpenes that were newly discovered from the fruit

neg: Skin flora on the skin microbiota's role in psoriasis is inconsistent therefore there are no potential probiotic treatments. Rosacea is typically connected to sebaceous sites of the skin. The skin mite "Demodex folliculorum" produce lipases that allow them to use sebum as a source of food therefore they have a high affinity for sebaceous skin sites. Although it is a part of the commensal skin microbiota, patients affected with rosacea show an increase in "D. folliculorum" compared to healthy individuals, suggesting pathogenicity. "Bacillus oleronius", a "Demodex" associated microbe, is not typically found in the commensal skin microbiota but initiates inflammatory pathways whose

neg: Fungus used extensively to produce industrial chemicals like citric, gluconic, lactic, and malic acids, and industrial enzymes, such as lipases used in biological detergents, cellulases used in making cellulosic ethanol and stonewashed jeans, and amylases, invertases, proteases and xylanases. Several species, most notably "Psilocybin mushrooms" (colloquially known as "magic mushrooms"), are ingested for their psychedelic properties, both recreationally and religiously. Fungus A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is

neg: Jellyfish the gonads of hydromedusae. In a process known as strobilation, the polyp's tentacles are reabsorbed and the body starts to narrow, forming transverse constrictions, in several places near the upper extremity of the polyp. These deepen as the constriction sites migrate down the body, and separate segments known as ephyra detach. These are free-swimming precursors of the adult medusa stage, which is the life stage that is typically identified as a jellyfish. The ephyrae, usually only a millimeter or two across initially, swim away from the polyp and grow. Limnomedusae polyps can asexually produce a creeping "frustule" larval form, which

neg: Parental care in birds their chicks steroids causing a higher survival rate in them. By comparing the level of androgens with a control group, it was found that females who were treated to have a better body condition produced eggs with a lower level of androgens (such as testosterone). (Verboven et al. (2003)) This shows that females with a lower body condition (which correlates with poor conditions) give their chicks a steroid boost so that they have a better chance at survival. This contradicts with Verboven's original hypothesis that gulls in better condition would produce these steroids. Black-backed gulls give these androgens to their

neg: PETase bacterium adhere to the PET surface and release a unique enzyme, similar to cutinase, with the ability to degrade PET. These are environmentally harmless as they are broken down further to produce carbon dioxide and water. As of April 2018, there were 13 known three-dimensional crystal structures of PETases: 6EQD, 6EQE, 6EQF, 6EQG, 6EQH, 6ANE, 5XJH, 5YNS, 5XFY, 5XFZ, 5XG0, 5XH2 and 5XH3. PETase exhibits shared qualities with both lipases and cutinases in that it possesses an α/β-hydrolase fold; although, the active-site cleft observed in PETase is more open than in cutinases. Scientists revolutionized the degradation rate of PET by

neg: Exoenzyme most used exoenzymes in biotechnology and industrial applications. Lipases make ideal enzymes for these applications because they are highly selective in their activity, they are readily produced and secreted by bacteria and fungi, their crystal structure is well characterized, they do not require cofactors for their enzymatic activity, and they do not catalyze side reactions. The range of uses of lipases encompasses production of biopolymers, generation of cosmetics, use as a herbicide, and as an effective solvent. However, perhaps the most well known use of lipases in this field is its use in the production of biodiesel fuel. In this

neg: Cheese ripening Cheese ripening Cheese ripening, alternatively cheese maturation or affinage, is a process in cheesemaking. It is responsible for the distinct flavour of cheese, and through the modification of ""ripening agents"", determines the features that define many different varieties of cheeses, such as taste, texture, and body. The process is "characterized by a series of complex physical, chemical and microbiological changes" that incorporates the agents of "bacteria and enzymes of the milk, lactic culture, rennet, lipases, added moulds or yeasts, and environmental contaminants". The majority of cheese is ripened, save for fresh cheese. Cheese ripening was not always the highly industrialised

neg: Lamellar bodies correct skin barrier function. These bodies release components that are required for skin shedding (desquamation) in the uppermost epidermal layer, the stratum corneum. These components include lipids (e.g. glucosylceramides), hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. proteases, acid phosphatases, glucosidases, lipases) and proteins (e.g. corneodesmosin). Lamellar bodies have been observed to contain distinct aggregates of the secreted components glucosylceramide, cathepsin D, KLK7, KLK8 and corneodesmosin. Transportation of molecules via lamellar bodies is thought to prevent enzymes from interacting with their relevant substrates or inhibitors prior to secretion. Recent work suggests that lamellar bodies form a continuous membranous structure with the trans-Golgi network. Lamellar body

neg: Fenshen or animal, trunk of the body, the body below the neck; by synecdoche, general term for body" (Kroll 2017: 112, 406). The Chinese "Hanyu Da Cidian", which is lexicographically comparable to the "Oxford English Dictionary", defines "fenshen" 分身 with four meanings and cites earliest usages (1993 1: 571-572). The near synonym "fēnshén" 分神 "transformation of the spirit", with "shén" 神 "god; deity; spirit; soul; mind" for "shen" "body", translates as "give some attention to; divert attention to; distraction", as used in "fēnshénbùxiá" 分神不暇 "unable to be in two places at the same time" (Bishop 2016). Compare the terms "biànshén" 變身

neg: Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors cleaving acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-3 position and releases free fatty acids and 2-monoglycerides. The pancreatic lipase consists of 465 amino acids. Schematic picture of pancreatic lipase is shown in figure 2. Pancreatic and gastric lipases share little homology but have the same hydrophobic region at the active site, which is important for the lipolytic activity. The hydrophobic region has the hexapeptide sequence Val-Gly-His-Ser-Gln-Gly and is at Ser153 in pancreatic lipases but Ser152 in gastric lipases. The chemical structure of compounds play an important role in binding to their target. The most important and necessary chemical group for

neg: Ulegyria including lipases, proteases, and endonucleases, whose actions eventually destroy the cell skeleton. Intracellular calcium concentrations are increased further due to the opening of glutamate-regulated ion channels. Ischemia causes anoxic cell depolarizations and it is this increase in membrane potential at the presynaptic cell that triggers the release of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter. Glucose deprivation in the brain for any amount of time has the potential to pose serious consequences, and the amount of time the brain spends under these anoxic conditions is directly related to accumulation of irreversible damage to protein biosynthesis pathways. Protein synthesis all over the body is

neg: Peder Soerensen on medicine, but also ideological questions that impacted moral philosophy and religion. The book is essentially a philosophical discussion of the fundamental causes of change in natural bodies and calls into question the standard medical practices of the day which were based on Galenic medicine and the four humors of the body. Severinus believed that diseases had an organic cause. He theorized that seeds of disease (semina morborum) are foreign matter in a healthy body and take root, grow, and disrupt the normally orderly process of bodily functions. These seeds manifest themselves in various places in the body and produce

neg: Rajgir match between Bhima (one of the Pandavas) and Jarasandha, the then king of Magadha. Jarasandha was invincible as his body could rejoin any dismembered limbs. According to the legend, Bhim split Jarasandha into two and threw the two halves facing opposite to each other so that they could not join. There is a famous Jarasandha's Akhara (place where martial arts are practiced). It is also mentioned in Jain and Buddhist scriptures, which give a series of place-names, but without geographical context. The attempt to locate these places is based largely on reference to them and to other locations in the

neg: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare statement: "The method can give permanent side effects that in some cases will first become obvious only after some time. One of the side effects might be increased perspiration on different places on your body. Why and how this happens is still unknown. According to the research available about 25-75% of all patients can expect more or less serious perspiration on different places on their body, such as the trunk and groin area, this is "Compensatory sweating"". In 2003, ETS was banned in its birthplace, Sweden, due to inherent risks, and complaints by

neg: Spore give rise to haploid gametophytes, while seeds germinate to give rise to diploid sporophytes. Vascular plant spores are always haploid. Vascular plants are either homosporous (or isosporous) or heterosporous. Plants that are homosporous produce spores of the same size and type. Heterosporous plants, such as seed plants, spikemosses, quillworts, and ferns of the order Salviniales produce spores of two different sizes: the larger spore (megaspore) in effect functioning as a "female" spore and the smaller (microspore) functioning as a "male". Such plants typically give rise to the two kind of spores from within separate sporangia, either a megasporangium that produces

neg: Chemical process of decomposition varies from person to person, but contains oleic acid in the greatest amount, followed by linoleic, palmitoleic, and palmitic acids. Neutral lipids are hydrolyzed by lipases shortly after death, to free the fatty acids from their glycerol backbone. This creates a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Under the right conditions (when sufficient water and bacterial enzymes are present), neutral lipids will be completely degraded until they are reduced to fatty acids. Under suitable conditions, the fatty acids can be transformed into adipocere. In contrast, fatty acids may react with sodium and potassium ions present in tissue, to produce

neg: Fourth Way movements, which they performed together as a group. He left a body of music, inspired by that which he had heard in remote monasteries and other places, which was written for piano in collaboration with one of his pupils, Thomas de Hartmann. Gurdjieff taught that traditional paths to spiritual enlightenment followed one of three ways: Gurdjieff insisted that these paths - although they may intend to seek to produce a fully developed human being - tend to cultivate certain faculties at the expense of others. The goal of religion or spirituality was, in fact, to produce a well-balanced, responsive and

neg: Kaiser Darrin front grille. High and shell-shaped, it looked as though the automobile "wanted to give you a kiss," as one writer commented. As with the prototype, the body for the production Kaiser Darrin was made of fiberglass. More resilient than aluminum, fiberglass did not rot or corrode, was lightweight and more pliable than steel to mold into shape. The molds were far less expensive than the tooling needed to bend and shape steel. This could theoretically make a fiberglass-bodied car economical for a small private manufacturer such as Kaiser to produce. The body was molded in two sections, minus deck lid,

neg: Biodiesel production and heating required to carry out the transesterification process. Thus, using an ultrasonic reactor for biodiesel production drastically reduces the reaction time, reaction temperatures, and energy input. Hence the process of transesterification can run inline rather than using the time consuming batch processing. Industrial scale ultrasonic devices allow for the industrial scale processing of several thousand barrels per day. Large amounts of research have focused recently on the use of enzymes as a catalyst for the transesterification. Researchers have found that very good yields could be obtained from crude and used oils using lipases. The use of lipases makes the

neg: Array mbira bent at a certain angle to produce harmonics (most notably the 6th harmonic, or two octaves plus a fifth) that are more consonant than other mbiras and kalimbas. Two types of Array mbiras are available, a hollow body and a solid body. Both models have dual piezoelectric pickups that produce two separate channels, one for the left side of the instrument and one for the right side. The hollow body is an acoustic instrument that utilizes a sound box, which can be made from a variety of domestic and exotic hardwoods. Because these instruments are hand crafted works of art,

neg: Fermentation theory our their anaerobic respiration to survive. Even the human body carries out fermentation processes from time to time. When someone runs a long distance race, lactic acid will build up in their muscles over the course of the race. That lactic acid is the by-product of fermentation taking place in their body, which tries to produce ATP so the body can continue to run since they could not process the oxygen intake fast enough. Although fermentation will give a lower yield of ATP production than aerobic respiration does, it can occur at a much higher rate. Fermentation has been used

neg: Endotherm body. This allows for better locomotion and use of the senses in cold environments. Because of historical accident, students encounter a source of possible confusion between the terminology of physics and biology. Whereas the thermodynamic terms "exothermic" and "endothermic" respectively refer to processes that give out heat energy and processes that absorb heat energy, in biology the sense is effectively inverted. The metabolic terms "ectotherm" and "endotherm" respectively refer to organisms that rely largely on external heat to achieve a full working temperature, and to organisms that produce heat from within as a major factor in controlling their body temperatures.

neg: Porphyrian tree "summum genus" as far as this diagram goes. The diagram shows that the genus substance to have two differentia, namely, "thinking" and "extended". This indicates that there are two species of the genus substance, thinking substance and extended substance. The diagram does not give a term for the species of thinking substance (this would be "mind"), but it does give the term for the species of extended substance, namely, body. That is, body is a species of the genus substance; body is that species of the genus substance that is extended. Now that we have seen body as a species

neg: Best Friends Forever? professor rigved shows sanju,ela and others a video where a girl dressed up like vinne drags rohan's body and places it in a car's dickey and vinnie becomes a crime suspect but varun and sanju prove vinne innocent showing the entire college puru and vinnie's marriage video .pammy admits that someone gave her the wig and the dress and said her to give the audition .later it is revealed that vinnie finding rohan's body in her dickey faints but puru finds her and they flee and according to varun's instruction they handover rohan's body to his parents.sanju recollects and realizes

neg: Mentha aquatica pastures - a type of Biodiversity ActPlan habitat in the UK. It hybridises with "Mentha spicata" (spearmint) to produce "Mentha × piperita" (peppermint), a sterile hybrid; with "Mentha suaveolens" (apple mint) to produce "Mentha × suavis"; with "Mentha arvensis" (corn mint) to produce "Mentha × verticillata"; and with both "M. arvensis" and "M. spicata" to give the tri-species hybrid "Mentha × smithiana". It can be used to make a herbal tea. Mentha aquatica Mentha aquatica (water mint; syn. "Mentha hirsuta" Huds.) is a perennial flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. It grows in moist places and is native to

neg: Legal status of Salvia divinorum independent body that advises UK government on drugs, has been asked to investigate further. On the 28 January 2016, the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 was passed. The act came into force on 26 May 2016, across the entire United Kingdom, making "salvia" illegal to possess with intent to supply, possess on custodial premises, supply, import for human consumption, or produce for human consumption. The two sponsors for the bill were Conservative House of Lords member Michael Bates and Conservative MP Theresa May. In such places where "Salvia divinorum" legislation exists, it varies in prohibitive degree from country to country. Australia

neg: Plateletpheresis count of 150,000/mm³ to produce one unit of platelets. Some regular donors have higher platelet counts (over 300,000/mm³); for those donors, it only takes about one liter of their blood to produce a unit. Since the machine used to perform the procedure uses suction to draw blood out of a donor's body, some people who can give whole blood may have veins too small for platelet donation. Blood centers evaluate each donor's veins prior to donation. Blood accounts for about 8% of body weight, so a 50 kg (110 lb) donor has about four liters of blood. No more than

neg: Langgan 100 days will produce three giant pearls called the Jade Essence of the Swirling Solution [徊水玉精]. Ingesting one alchemical pearl supposedly causes you to immediately give off liquid and fire, form gems with your breath, and your body "will become a sun, and the Thearchs of Heaven will descend to greet you. You will rise as a glowing orb to Upper Clarity." (tr. Bokenkamp 1997: 336-337). The third stage involves four 3-year steps utilizing the elixirs produced in the first two stages to create fantastic seeds that are replanted and grow into increasingly perfected "spirit trees" with fruits of immortality.

neg: Mina P. Shaughnessy errors commonly made by basic writers and gave ideas for the concepts that need to be taught to improve their writing. In March 1977, two months after the release of "Errors and Expectations", Shaughnessy was diagnosed with kidney cancer. Throughout her illness, during times when she was feeling better, she continued to plan teacher development courses, give lectures, and make plans for another book. Her fame continued to grow as "Errors and Expectations" became a very popular resource for composition teachers and programs. The cancer spread to her lungs and continued to other places in her body. Her friends remained

neg: Exit Wounds (Torchwood) stopped by a sobbing Tosh, who tells him he's breaking her heart. Owen calms and the two share memories and a tearful farewell. By the time Jack and the others find her, Tosh is too far gone to be saved and Owen has been consumed by the radioactive coolant. Jack places Gray's body in cryogenic storage. John questions Jack's decision, asking if it wouldn't be better to just give Gray the release of death that he craved but Jack refuses, stating there had already been too much death. John promises to stay on Earth and leaves, passing along his condolences.

neg: The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series) his shoes and produce splashes of gold. There is a body in the water, and they establish that anyone or anything that ends up in the water turns into gold. Caspian later realises that the body in the water must have been that of Lord Restimar. On the fourth island, they encounter some invisible creatures who give them dinner at a large house. A magician called Coriakin appears after Lucy reads from a magic book, and the creatures are soon made visible again. The fifth and final island is at the end of the world. Before they ascend the island,

neg: Bone china of its lower plasticity and a narrower vitrification range. The traditional formulation for bone china is about 25% kaolin, 25% Cornish stone and 50% bone ash. The bone ash that is used in bone china is made from cattle bones that have a lower iron content. These bones are crushed before being degelatinised and then calcined at up to 1250 °C to produce bone ash. The ash is milled to a fine particle size. The kaolin component of the body is needed to give the unfired body plasticity which allows articles to be shaped. This mixture is then fired at

neg: Jurassic Bark which he recognizes as his pet from the 20th century, Seymour. For three days he protests in front of the museum by dancing to "The Hustle" by Van McCoy, demanding they give him Seymour's body, which proves successful. Professor Farnsworth then examines Seymour's body, and concludes that, due to his unusually rapid fossilization, a DNA sample can be made to produce a clone, and it would even be possible to recreate Seymour's personality and memory. Fry begins to prepare for the dog and Bender becomes jealous. Just when the Professor is ready to clone Seymour, Bender arrives. Angry that Fry

neg: Lipid metabolism intestinal wall. In the epithelial cells, fatty acids are packaged and transported to the rest of the body. Digestion is the first step to lipid metabolism, and it is the process of breaking the triglycerides down into smaller monoglyceride units with the help of lipase enzymes. Digestion of fats begin in the mouth through chemical digestion by lingual lipase. Ingested cholesterol is not broken down by the lipases and stays intact until it enters the epithelium cells of small intestine. Lipids then continue to the stomach where chemical digestion continues by gastric lipase and mechanical digestion begins (Peristalsis). The majority

neg: Introduction to genetics the gene. The heritability of a trait (like height) in a population essentially conveys what percentage of the observed variation comes from differences in genes vs. differences in environment. Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele; different forms are collectively called polymorphisms. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color and skin cell pigmentation could instruct the body to produce black pigment, producing black hair and pigmented skin; while a different allele of the same gene in a different individual could give garbled instructions that would result in a failure to produce any

neg: Battle of Torvioll body of cavalry charged ahead of the rest, but were repulsed by the Albanian and retreated; suspicious of a feint, Skanderbeg prevented his men to give chase to the Turks and sent a body of horsemen to marshal his troops back to their places. The same situation occurred on the left wing and, when all were in their places, the army prepared for the main offensive. As it began, the wings were fiercely led on by Thopia and Golemi and pushed back the Ottoman wings. In the centre, Skanderbeg assaulted a selected battalion. When the proper signal was given, the

neg: Bile acid the small intestine. As a result, the concentration of bile acids/salts in the small intestine is high enough to form micelles and solubilize lipids. "Critical micellar concentration" refers to both an intrinsic property of the bile acid itself and amount of bile acid necessary to function in the spontaneous and dynamic formation of micelles. Bile acid-containing micelles aid lipases to digest lipids and bring them near the intestinal brush border membrane, which results in fat absorption. Synthesis of bile acids is a major route of cholesterol metabolism in most species other than humans. The body produces about 800 mg of

neg: Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors hydroxyl group on the serine residue is acylated. This leads to irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. The inactive lipase is incapable of hydrolysing fats into absorbable fatty acids and monoglycerides, therefore triglycerides are excreted undigested with faeces. With this mode of action calorie uptake from fat in food is limited, hence body weight is reduced. The main role of lipase inhibitors is therefore to inhibit lipases in the gastrointestinal tract, but they do not have significant activity against proteases, amylases or other digestive enzymes. Cetilistat has a bicyclic structure but lacks the β-lactone ring. It acts in a similar way

neg: Traditions of Texas A&M University cheerleaders to rally their fans during sporting events, Texas A&M has five student Yell Leaders. Consisting of three seniors and two juniors, historically all male, the Yell Leaders are elected to their positions annually by the student body. These students do not perform gymnastic feats, but instead use hand signals, known as "pass backs", to direct and intensify crowds. After the signals are passed through the crowd, the Yell Leaders give the signal to "hump it", where the crowd leans forward and places their hands on their knees to maximize the noise. The Yell Leaders have a dozen yells that

neg: Knee effusion be easily cured. Underlying diseases may include Having osteoarthritis or engaging in high-risk sports that involve rapid cut-and-run movements of the knee — football or tennis, for example — means an individual is more likely to develop water on the knee. In overweight or obese individuals the body places more weight on the knee joint. This causes more wear in the joint. Over time, the body may produce excess joint fluid. Diagnostic tests include: Also known as arthrocentesis, this procedure includes withdrawal of fluid from inside the knee for analysis such as cell count, culture for bacteria, and examination for

neg: Tahmuras Ahriman tires and, baulked of both pleasure and prey, descends once more into hell. Jamshid then returns to the spot where he left Taxmoruw's body, constructs the prototypical Tower of Silence and places the body on it for excarnation by birds of prey, in the manner still considered ritually correct by Zoroastrians to this day. Thankful that he has at last been able to give his brother a fitting funeral, Jamshid can finally take time to glance at the hand which has been up Ahriman's anus and sees, to his horror, that it is pale and stinking, starting to waste

neg: Pilobolaceae Pilobolaceae The Pilobolaceae are a family of fungi in the Mucorales order. Generally, species in this family have a widespread distribution, although there are some that are restricted to tropical and subtropical regions. This family includes two genera: "Pilobolus", and "Utharomyces". All species produce unusual, phototrophic sporangiophores. These sporangiophores give rise to dark-colored, columellate sporagia covered in calcium oxalate crystals. In "Pilobolus" and "Utharomyces", inflated structures filled with yellow cartenoid pigments give rise to the sporophores; these two genera also produce subsporangiul vesicles. Zygospores are formed on apposed, entwined suspensors, usually at or below the dung. All species grow on

neg: Bone Bone A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions. Bone tissue (osseous tissue) is a hard tissue, a type of dense connective tissue. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. Bone tissue is

neg: Renewable portfolio standard (United States) Renewable portfolio standard (United States) A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a regulation that requires the increased production of energy from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal. The federal RPS is called the Renewable Electricity Standard (RES). The RPS mechanism generally places an obligation on electricity supply companies to produce a specified fraction of their electricity from renewable energy sources. Certified renewable energy generators earn certificates for every unit of electricity they produce and can sell these along with their electricity to supply companies. Supply companies then pass the certificates to some form of regulatory body

neg: Electric ant one in which two haploid products from the same meiosis combine to form a diploid zygote. "W. auropunctata" thelytokus queens from clonal populations can reproduce by automictic parthenogenesis involving central fusion of haploid meiotic products, a process that allows conservation of heterozygosity in progeny. The same parthenogenic queens that produce progeny by automixis may also produce normally segregating meiotic oocytes, which upon fertilisation by males give rise to diploid workers. The oocytes that undergo automixis display much lower rates of crossover recombination (by a factor of 45) than the oocytes produced by sexually reproducing queens that give rise to workers.

neg: Vaccine-induced seropositivity Vaccine-induced seropositivity Vaccine-induced seropositivity or VISP is the phenomenon wherein a person who has received a vaccine against a disease would thereafter give a positive or reactive test result for having that disease when tested for it, despite not actually having the disease. This happens because many vaccines encourage the body to produce antibodies against a particular disease, and blood tests often determine whether a person has those antibodies, regardless of whether they came from the infection or just a vaccination. VISP is especially a concern in vaccine trials for HIV vaccine research because people who give a positive result

neg: Action figure work on them separately for later attachment. This gives the sculptor more control and allows him to produce finer details on the prototype. Working with blunt tools, the sculptor shapes the body with as much detail as is desired. During this process, photo and sketch references are used to ensure the figure is as realistic as possible. Some sculptors may even use human models to guide their design work. After the general body shape is complete, the sculptor adds the finer details, paying close attention to the eyes, nose, and mouth that give the figure its lifelike expression. The designer

neg: Organ in the Jacobikerk at Uithuizen two rogues and idlers in those places who probably consumed a lot, but have not earned anything for me. God will give them their reward." The pedal was placed behind the main body. In its day, the organ in Uithuizen was the largest Dutch village organ. The case of Meijer is extremely artfully executed. In the 19th century, the woody oak wood was given a dark brown varnish. The I Manual case finds its reduced equivalent in the Rückpositiv case on the gallery rail. Both manual cases are five sections with a high, polygonal center tower and two side towers

neg: Kinetic resolution capable of resolving numerous natural and unnatural amino acids. The racemic mixtures can be prepared via Strecker synthesis, and the use of either porcine kidney acylase (for straight chain susbtrates) or an enzyme from the mold Aspergillus oryzae (for branched side chain substrates) can effectively yield enantioenriched amino acids in high (85-90%) yields. The unreacted starting material can be racemized in situ, thus making this a dynamic kinetic resolution. In addition, lipases are used extensively for kinetic resolution in both academic and industrial settings. Lipases have been used to resolve primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, a limited number of tertiary alcohols,

neg: Lipozyme Lipozyme Lipozyme, a a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S Corp., is a class of industrial enzymes, specifically: lipases. Lipozymes can be differentiated by origin - it can be extracted from "Mucor miehei", "Thermomyces lanuginosus", "Candida antarctica", and others. For industrial purposes, it can be immobilized on macroporous ion-exchange resins. Lipases like Lipozyme and Novozyme (reg.trademark by Novozymes) play a big role in the synthesis of biodiesel. Lipozyme is also offered as a food supplement clad in capsules. It comes in different activities, measured e.g. in IUN/g or KLU/g (IUN = Interesterification Unit, K = Kilo, LU = Lipase unit).

neg: Lipase inhibitors develop as a result of the impaired absorption of fat, which is required for the transportation of these vitamins across the intestine to reach the blood. Since lipase inhibitors are not absorbed in the intestine, and consequently not circulating in the blood, information about alternative side effects such as the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is unobtainable. Generally, side effects can be controlled by reducing the consumption of dietary fats. Overall, orlistat has been considered to be safer than other anti-obesity drugs. Lipase inhibitors Lipase inhibitors are substances used to reduce the activity of lipases found in the intestine. Lipases

neg: Lipase as baking, laundry detergents and even as biocatalysts in alternative energy strategies to convert vegetable oil into fuel. High enzyme activity lipase can replace traditional catalyst in processing biodiesel, as this enzyme replaces chemicals in a process which is otherwise highly energy intensive, and can be more environmentally friendly and safe. Industrial application of lipases requires process intensification for continuous processing using tools like continuous flow microreactors at small scale. Lipases are generally animal sourced, but can also be sourced microbially. Blood tests for lipase may be used to help investigate and diagnose acute pancreatitis and other disorders of the

neg: Uncle David places his near-catatonic nephew in a dog bed, showing him a copy of a picture book titled "Is Britain Great?". He proceeds to give him a third and final injection, which he remarks will make Ashley lose consciousness and suffer organ failure. As Ashley dies, David professes that he has never loved anyone else as much before. The next morning, he goes onto the beach to place his nephew's body in a shallow grave, tearfully kissing the body goodbye before it is swept away by the sea. According to "The Guardian", Hoyle became "something of a legend" on the British

neg: Fenshen state as possessing "the gift of ubiquity, ["fenxing"], which literally means to divide the body into many parts" (1979: 48-49). [T]hrough "body division" ("fenshen" 分身), they are able to be at several places at once, they disappear at will, they transform their appearance into that of other persons or species, pass through walls and rocks, slip into tiny spaces as well as across dimensions of time, enter water without getting wet and pass through fire without burning, walk on water, secure fruit out of season, and magically produce foods, water sources, and fire. (Campany 1996: 303) The above textual examples

neg: Five Short Graybles who attempt to experience the ultimate high five. Eventually, Finn places himself in a catapult, and Jake stretches himself into a slingshot, and the two launch themselves across Ooo. The next vignette focuses on Princess Bubblegum (voiced by Hynden Walch) as she tries to create the perfect sandwich using bizarre science. After exhausting herself going to extreme and ridiculous lengths to produce and combine all the ingredients perfectly, she offers the sandwich to Cinnamon Bun (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker), who merely shoves it into his pastry body and belches foodstuff onto the princess. The action then shifts to the

neg: Forest glass wood when burned, factors over which the glassmaker had little control. This variability explains the problems that glassmakers had in trying to produce glass of a consistent quality. Large amounts of ash would have to be prepared and mixed together to give the homogeneity needed to give a predictable glass composition. A typical yield of ash from beech is only about 1%, so using Theophilus' recipe of two parts of sand to one part of ash means it would take 63 kg of beech wood to produce one kilo of glass. It has been estimated that, including fuel, 150–200 kg

neg: Bhikshatana call "Ladies, give me alms" and places his verses on the lips of women, who become enamoured of Bhikshatana. In a verse, Campantar rhetorically asks why the giver of all things and one who ends all troubles of devotees—Shiva—is wandering begging for food with a disgusting white skull. In another verse a woman comments on his strange appearance and describes how she is frightened by the serpent that wraps around his body when she approaches to give him alms. Another 7th-century Nayanar saint, Appar, talks about the handsome beggar Shiva, seducer of married women. He speaks of women allured by

neg: Foxtrot dance floor. The use of body contact makes it possible to execute very tight turns, which is further enhanced by the extensive use of heel turns. This use of heel turns, and the effort required to produce the desired gliding motion, give International Style Foxtrot a reputation as being perhaps the most difficult of all ballroom dances to execute well. Most figures are based upon four-count units with the rhythm slow (two counts), quick (one count), quick (one count), repeating in each measure. A basic dance sequence progressing around the room might employ a feather step (four counts), reverse turn

neg: De Locis Sanctis Domain article "Arculf" written in 1907 for the Catholic Encyclopedia" De Locis Sanctis De locis sanctis ("Concerning sacred places") was composed by the Irish monk Adomnán, a copy being presented to King Aldfrith of Northumbria in 698. It was based on an account by the Frankish monk Arculf of his travels to the Holy Land, from which Adomnán, with aid from some further sources, was able to produce a descriptive work in three books, dealing with Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and other places in Palestine, and briefly with Alexandria and Constantinople. It aimed to give a faithful account of what Arculf actually

neg: Human body temperature to be normal. The normal human body temperature is often stated as . In adults a review of the literature has found a wider range of for normal temperatures, depending on the gender and location measured. Reported values vary depending on how it is measured: oral (under the tongue): (), internal (rectal, vaginal): . A rectal or vaginal measurement taken directly inside the body cavity is typically slightly higher than oral measurement, and oral measurement is somewhat higher than skin measurement. Other places, such as under the arm or in the ear, produce different typical temperatures. While some people think

neg: Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors has less side effects and better tolerability. The lipase inhibitors lipstatin and orlistat act locally in the intestinal tract. They are minimally absorbed in the circulation because of their lipophilicity. Hence, they do not affect systemic lipases. The mechanism of lipase inhibitors in fat digestion is shown in figure 1. These inhibitors bind covalently as an ester to the serine hydroxyl group at the active site on pancreatic- and gastric lipases and form a stable complex. This results in a conformational change in the enzyme which causes exposing of the catalytic active site. When the active site is exposed, the

neg: De Locis Sanctis De Locis Sanctis De locis sanctis ("Concerning sacred places") was composed by the Irish monk Adomnán, a copy being presented to King Aldfrith of Northumbria in 698. It was based on an account by the Frankish monk Arculf of his travels to the Holy Land, from which Adomnán, with aid from some further sources, was able to produce a descriptive work in three books, dealing with Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and other places in Palestine, and briefly with Alexandria and Constantinople. It aimed to give a faithful account of what Arculf actually saw during his journey. The first book of Adomnán's transcription

neg: Cutinase 2 thin bridges formed by amino acid side chains, by contrast with the hydrophobic lid possessed by other lipases. The protein also contains 2 disulfide bridges, which are essential for activity, their cleavage resulting in complete loss of enzymatic activity. Two cutinase-like proteins (MtCY39.35 and MtCY339.08c) have been found in the genome of the bacteria "Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Cutinase A cutinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cutin and HO, whereas its product is cutin monomer. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester

neg: Consideration and B runs a movie production company. A says to B, "buy my script." B says "How about this – I will pay you $5,000 so that you do not let anyone else produce your movie until one year from now. If I do produce your movie in that year, then I will give you another $50,000, and no one else can produce it. If I do not produce your movie in that year, then you're free to go." If the two subsequently get into a dispute, the issue of whether a contract exists is answered. B had an option

neg: Germ layer however, derived from the ectoderm. Germ layer A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis. The three germ layers in vertebrates are particularly pronounced; however, all eumetazoans (animals more complex than the sponge) produce two or three primary germ layers. Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as chordates produce a third layer (the mesoderm), between these two layers. making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal’s tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. Caspar Friedrich Wolff observed

neg: Germ layer Germ layer A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis. The three germ layers in vertebrates are particularly pronounced; however, all eumetazoans (animals more complex than the sponge) produce two or three primary germ layers. Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. Other animals such as chordates produce a third layer (the mesoderm), between these two layers. making them triploblastic. Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal’s tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. Caspar Friedrich Wolff observed organization of the early embryo

neg: Electric mandolin of the Stratocaster body. They currently produce an eight string semi-acoustic electric mandolin with a very similar body shape. They also currently produce a revived version of the "Fender Electric Mandolin" concept, called "Mando-Strat"; both the 4-string replica and an 8-string version are available. Gibson manufactured the EM-200 solid body electric mandolin from 1954 to 1971. They currently produce a solid body mandolin known as the Mandobird, based on a smaller version of the Gibson Firebird body and sold under the "Epiphone" label. Both four and eight string versions are available. The Mid-Missouri Mandolin Company produced two models, the "EM-4"

neg: Competitive equilibrium society places on another unit of the good is equal to what society must give up in resources to produce it. Note that microeconomic analysis does NOT assume additive utility nor does it assume any interpersonal utility tradeoffs. Efficiency therefore refers to the absence of Pareto improvements. It does not in any way opine on the fairness of the allocation (in the sense of distributive justice or equity). An 'efficient' equilibrium could be one where one player has all the goods and other players have none (in an extreme example). This is efficient in the sense that one may not

neg: Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission role is to promote awareness of the importance of human rights in Northern Ireland, to review existing law and practice and to advise the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and the Executive Committee of the Northern Ireland Assembly on what legislative or other measures ought to be taken to protect human rights in Northern Ireland. In addition, the Commission is able to conduct investigations, enter places of detention (subject to a requirement to give notice), and to compel individuals and agencies to give oral testimony or to produce documents. The Commission also has the power to assist individuals when

neg: Hogwarts In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions. Hogwarts Castle and its Grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places. Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the

neg: Electric upright bass enclosure for the body; as such, they produce almost no acoustic sound. Solid-body EUBs are plugged into an amplifier for practice and live performances. Hollowbody EUBs have a wooden enclosure, which, while much smaller than the hollow body cavity of a double bass, is still large enough to give the instrument an acoustic tone, at least for individual practice; for performing, it is plugged into an amp. While the EUB retains some of the tonal characteristics of the double bass, its electrically amplified nature also gives it its own unique sound. The size and shape of EUB bodies varies. Some

neg: Private sector development private sector itself can play an important role in advocating for a better business environment. Many development agencies thus work to strengthen the capacity of businesses and business associations to engage in public-private dialogue with governments. A value chain is a series of activities that enterprises undertake when they produce a good or service, adding value to the inputs at each stage. Value Chain Development thus seeks to maximise the value of any given type of product, whilst incurring the least possible cost to the producers, in the places along the production chain that give the most benefit to poor

neg: Gerald Edelman complete antibody sequence was determined (1969) it was the largest complete protein sequence that had ever been determined. The availability of amino acid sequences of antibody proteins allowed recognition of the fact that the body can produce many different antibody proteins with similar antibody constant regions and divergent antibody variable regions. Topobiology is Edelman's theory which asserts that morphogenesis is driven by differential adhesive interactions among heterogeneous cell populations and it explains how a single cell can give rise to a complex multi-cellular organism. As proposed by Edelman in 1988, topobiology is the process that sculpts and maintains differentiated tissues

neg: Bird flight Note that in this scenario birds need "downforce" to give their feet increased grip. But early birds, including "Archaeopteryx", lacked the shoulder mechanism that modern birds' wings use to produce swift, powerful upstrokes. Since the downforce that WAIR requires is generated by upstrokes, it seems that early birds were incapable of WAIR. The proavis theory was first proposed by Garner, Taylor, and Thomas in 1999: We propose that birds evolved from predators that specialized in ambush from elevated sites, using their raptorial hindlimbs in a leaping attack. Drag–based, and later lift-based, mechanisms evolved under selection for improved control of body

neg: Split Enz "I See Red" eventually peaked at #15 in Australia in February 1979, and was followed by another historic release - "Give It a Whirl" (May 1979) -- the first Enz single to be written by Neil Finn. Neither "Frenzy" nor "Give It A Whirl" charted, but one album track, "She Got Body She Got Soul", was later reworked for the soundtrack to the musical feature film "Starstruck". A self-produced, non-album single "Things" / "Semi-Detached" was released in October but failed to chart. For their next (fifth) studio LP, David Tickle was brought to Australia to produce. The result "True Colours"

neg: St John Payne Catholic Comprehensive School and is conducted by its governing body in accordance with its trust deed and instrument of government and seeks at all times to be a witness to Jesus Christ. The governing body is an independent admissions authority and has responsibility for admissions to this school. It usually admits 190 pupils to Year 7 and 130 to Year 12 of the sixth-form. If the number of applicants exceeds the number of places available, the governing body will give priority to baptised Catholics using faith-based oversubscription criteria. St John Payne Catholic Comprehensive School Saint John Payne Catholic School is a Roman Catholic