query: at which battle did the french navy help

pos: France in the American Revolutionary War million pounds under the veil of the French company "Rodrigue Hortalez et Compagnie". The aid given by France, much of which passed through the neutral Dutch West Indies port of Sint Eustatius, contributed to George Washington's survival against the British onslaught in 1776 and 1777. The aid was also a major factor in the defeat of General Burgoyne's expedition in the Champlain corridor that ended in a British disaster at Saratoga. French ports accommodated American ships, including privateers and Continental Navy warships, that acted against British merchant ships. France provided significant economic aid, either as donations or loans, and also

neg: Military history of France enlisted into naval service in time of war, but the early beginnings of the French naval history goes back to that era. The first battle of the French Navy was the battle of Arnemuiden (23 September 1338), where it defeated the English Navy. The battle of Arnemuiden was also the first naval battle using artillery. It was later defeated by an Anglo-Flemish fleet at the Battle of Sluys and, with Castilian help, managed to beat the English at La Rochelle—both battles playing a crucial role in the development of the Hundred Years War. However, the navy did not become a

neg: Second Opium War Tianjin) in May 1858. The United States and Russia sent envoys to Hong Kong to offer help to the British and French, though in the end Russia sent no military aid. The U.S. was involved in a minor concurrent conflict during the war, although they ignored the UK's offer of alliance and did not coordinate with the Anglo-French forces. In 1856, the Chinese garrison at Canton shelled a United States Navy steamer; the U.S. Navy retaliated in the Battle of the Pearl River Forts. The ships bombarded then attacked the river forts near Canton, taking them. Diplomatic efforts were renewed

neg: Battle of Orbetello the Spanish Navy. The French failure at Orbetello, nevertheless, contributed greatly to the reduction the French pressure in Italy. 6,000 soldiers from Naples could be consequently carried to Valencia to fight against the French armies in Catalonia. On September, a French expedition led by Charles de la Porte de la Meilleraye, with Portuguese help, succeeded in capturing both the presidi of Piombino and Porto Longone, which encouraged the Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena, to change his allegiance from the Spanish monarchy to France. Battle of Orbetello The Battle of Orbetello, also known as the Battle of Isola del Giglio,

neg: American propaganda during World War II considerable demoralization. The Doolittle Raid was carried out solely to help morale rather than to cause damage, a purpose which it fulfilled. After the Battle of Coral Sea, the Navy reported more Japanese damage than had actually been inflicted, and declared it a victory, which the Japanese also did. The decisive victory at the Battle of Midway was emblazoned on newspaper headlines, but was reported with restraint and the U.S. Navy overstated the Japanese damage. "Life" warned that Midway did not mean that Japan was no longer on the offensive. In 1942, the survivors of the Battle of Savo Island

neg: History of the French Navy "royale" (the navy did not sport the royal titles common with other European navies like the British Royal Navy); or simply because of the location of its headquarters, "rue Royale" in Paris. Medieval fleets, in France as elsewhere, were almost entirely composed of merchant ships enlisted into naval service in time of war. But the early beginning of the French Navy goes back to the Middle Ages, when it defeated the English Navy at the battle of Arnemuiden, on 23 September 1338. The battle of Arnemuiden was also the first naval battle using artillery. During the reign of Henry IV,

neg: French frigate Concorde (1793) Janeiro at the Action of 4 August 1800. The British sailed her to port in Britain but the Royal Navy did not take her into service. French frigate Concorde (1793) The Concorde was a "Nymphe"-class 40-gun frigate of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in August 1800. On 27 May 1793, "Concorde" captured the 24-gun ; she became the privateer "Hyene", which the Royal Navy recaptured in 1797. "Concorde" took part in the Expédition d'Irlande, and on 12 October 1798, in aftermath of the Battle of Tory Island. "Concorde" was part of a squadron of three frigates, "Concorde"

neg: Flying Squadron (United States Navy) was more the poor condition of Cervera's ships than Schley's actions which allowed the U.S. Navy to trap Cervera's squadron at Santiago de Cuba. An ugly postwar public battle with Sampson over who deserved credit for leading the U.S. fleet in its crushing victory over Cervera's squadron in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba after the Flying Squadron's dissolution did nothing to help Schley's reputation, and he retired in 1901 in some disgrace. Flying Squadron (United States Navy) The Flying Squadron was a United States Navy force that operated in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Spanish

neg: Battle of Cartagena (1643) short-lived for the French, however, as Spanish dominance in the region returned when the French fleet declined after the death of Cardinal Richelieu. Battle of Cartagena (1643) The Battle of Cartagena was a naval battle fought on September 3, 1643 during the Thirty Years' War off Cape de Gate near Cartagena, Spain. After a series of victories in 1641 and 1642 the French Navy dominated the Western Mediterranean Sea. France was also in control of most of Catalonia after the Catalan Revolt.<br> At that time, the Spanish Navy did not dare to show itself off the Catalan coast. In 1643

neg: Battle of Cartagena (1643) Battle of Cartagena (1643) The Battle of Cartagena was a naval battle fought on September 3, 1643 during the Thirty Years' War off Cape de Gate near Cartagena, Spain. After a series of victories in 1641 and 1642 the French Navy dominated the Western Mediterranean Sea. France was also in control of most of Catalonia after the Catalan Revolt.<br> At that time, the Spanish Navy did not dare to show itself off the Catalan coast. In 1643 the French admiral Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé sailed south, to search and destroy the Spanish fleet to extend the dominance of the French

neg: Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands The Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands recounts the British Royal Navy and French Navy fleets which participated in a campaign off the Îles d'Hyères during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Battle of the Hyères Islands was an engagement fought for control of the Ligurian Sea, the waters off the Southern French and Northwestern Italian coasts, where British and French forces had clashed since the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793. The battle was an uneven contest, the French, led by Vice-admiral Pierre Martin

neg: Sino-French War to halt offensive operations in February due to incessant rain. The blockade succeeded in part because the northern Beiyang Fleet, commanded by Li Hongzhang, denied help to the southern Nanyang Fleet. No Beiyang ships were sent to battle the French. This led the Navy to fail. The most advanced ships were reserved for the northern Chinese fleet by Li Hongzhang, he did not even "consider" using this well equipped fleet to attack the French, since he wanted to make sure it was always under his command. China's north and south had rivalries and the government was split into different parties.

neg: Battle of the Levant Convoy escaped with the help of the Spanish to inflict severe damage on the fishing fleets off Maritime Canada. The French Navy in the Atlantic had suffered severe losses in a series of defeats during the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars, particularly at the Glorious First of June in 1794 and during the "Croisière du Grand Hiver" the following winter. In June 1795 three more ships were lost in the defeat at the Battle of Groix. Requests for reinforcements were sent to the Mediterranean Fleet, which had suffered its own severe losses at the Siege of Toulon in 1793,

neg: Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands killed in action are marked with a "" symbol." Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands The Order of battle at the Battle of the Hyères Islands recounts the British Royal Navy and French Navy fleets which participated in a campaign off the Îles d'Hyères during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Battle of the Hyères Islands was an engagement fought for control of the Ligurian Sea, the waters off the Southern French and Northwestern Italian coasts, where British and French forces had clashed since the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793. The battle was an

neg: Battle of Winchelsea a devastating chevauchée through northern France. The English navy paralleled the march of the army, capturing or burning large numbers of French warships and merchant vessels as it went. Thereafter the threat from the French navy was much reduced. The English then soundly beat the French at the Battle of Crécy and captured the major French port city of Calais. The Truce of Calais was agreed in September 1347 but the war continued via raids and guerrilla warfare; the ongoing fighting was "almost constant". When war did not restrict trade, over 1,000 ships a year departed Gascony for England each

neg: British Marine Art (Romantic Era) power on both the level of mercantilism and conquest. Later into the Romantic era the Napoleonic Wars, which were fought in large part on the sea, brought the British navy further to the forefront when the British navy played a significant role in defeated the French forces. The infamous Glorious First of June which marks a major British naval victory over the French during the French Revolutionary Wars, happened within the Romantic era (June 1, 1794) as did the Battle of Trafalgar of the Napoleonic Wars (October 21, 1805). For a contemporary depiction of the British navy during the Romantic

neg: Second Battle of Algeciras Second Battle of Algeciras The Second Battle of Algeciras (also known as the Battle of the Gut of Gibraltar) was a naval battle fought on the night of 12 July 1801 (23 messidor an IX of the French Republican Calendar) between a squadron of British Royal Navy ships of the line and a larger squadron of ships from the Spanish Navy and French Navy in the Gut of Gibraltar. The battle followed closely the First Battle of Algeciras on 6 July, in which a French squadron anchored at the Spanish port of Algeciras was attacked by a larger British squadron

neg: Battle of Alcantara (1809) British generals concluded the Convention of Cintra in which the French occupying army was transported back to France by British ships. Sir John Moore and his British army departed from Portugal in October 1808, intending to help the Spanish nation throw off Emperor Napoleon's yoke. Moore's expedition ended with his death at the Battle of Corunna on 16 January 1809. Nevertheless, his army won a tactical victory over the pursuing French, allowing the soldiers to be evacuated by the British navy. Napoleon's strategy for early 1809 called for an invasion of Portugal by three columns. He ordered Marshal Nicolas Soult's

neg: Royal Scots Greys of d'Artois and 1 Provence. With the help of the Hanoverians, the Scots Greys beat back the charge and then helped to clear the French from Blenheim. Despite being heavily engaged, at times in hand-to-hand combat, the Scots Greys did not have a single fatality, though they did suffer many wounded. Following the Battle of Blenheim, the Scots Greys returned to the Netherlands. In 1705, they took part in Marlborough's campaign along the Moselle river. At the Battle of Elixheim, the Scots Greys participated in the massed cavalry charge which broke through the French lines. Although victorious, it was an

neg: French ship Zélé (1764) French ship Zélé (1764) The Zélé was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was funded by a "don des vaisseaux" donation from the "Régisseur général des finances". On 6 July 1779, she participated in the Battle of Grenada as a member of the Vanguard. In 1781 and 1782, she took part in the naval operations in the American Revolutionary War, under Admiral de Grasse. She fought at the Battle of the Chesapeake. It was by wishing to help this ship that the "Ville de Paris" of Admiral de Grasse was captured during the "Battle

neg: HMS Cumberland (1695) HMS Cumberland (1695) HMS "Cumberland" was a three-decker 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Bursledon on 12 November 1695. "Cumberland" was captured by the French in the Battle at the Lizard in 1707. She served in the French navy under her old name, and in 1715 was sold to Genoa. The Genoese sold her to Spain in 1717 and she was renamed "Principe de Asturias". She was recaptured by the British at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718, but did not return to service, and was instead sold to Austria in 1720.

neg: French privateer Bellone (1745) The Minch to get help while the "Bellone" again engaged "Greyhound" causing damage to her main mast and set fire to her hand grenades. "Bellone" was later captured on 2 February 1747 by three Royal Navy ships - HMS "Nottingham", "Eagle" and "Edinburgh" "Bellona" was commissioned in May 1747, under the command of Captain Samuel Barrington. She was sold in 1749 at Deptford for £611. French privateer Bellone (1745) Bellone, was a French privateer. "Bellone" was involved in a naval battle in Loch nan Uamh during the Jacobite rising. She was captured in 1747. She taken into Royal Navy service

neg: Battle of Rhode Island to surrender in just one or two days if the French remained to help, but d'Estaing refused. d'Estaing wrote: "It was ... difficult to persuade oneself that about six thousand men well entrenched and with a fort before which they had dug trenches could be taken either in twenty-four hours or in two days." Any thought of the French fleet remaining at Newport was also opposed by d'Estaing's captains, with whom he had a difficult relationship due to his arrival in the navy at a high rank after service in the French army. The fleet sailed for Boston on August

neg: Måns von Rosenstein the lack of money had refrained Rosenstein from joining the French Navy, which he did in 1779, the year after his return. As a French naval officer, he participated in the American Revolutionary War and was in the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April 1782 captured by his former commander Admiral Parker and was taken to England, where he nonetheless soon was freed against his word of honor that he would not fight against the English. He left the French Navy in 1783 and on his return to Sweden, adorned with the French "*Order of Military Merit", he was

neg: Thomas Byard defeated at the Battle of Tory Island. "Foudroyant" was too slow to participate in most of the battle, but did engage a number of French ships during the course of the engagement, and Byard was again praised. He died on board on 31 October 1798 at sea and is buried at St Budeaux Church. Thomas Byard Captain Sir Thomas Byard (died 1800) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. He is best known for his service in two significant battles, fighting at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 and the Battle of Tory Island

neg: Nagasaki incident Toyoma Mitsuru created the political association called the Genyosha, which was the first turning away from civil rights theory to sovereign rights theory. After the incident, the Qing did not apologize to Japan, and behaved with confidence believing in the superiority of their navy. At that time, the Qing possessed the newest model of navy battleships, the "Dingyuan". It was thought that the Japanese navy could not match this ship at this time, having a heavier tonnage than modern French built Japanese cruisers. (The "Dingyuan" was eventually scuttled after the Battle of Weihaiwei in 1895.) Japan's setback during the Gapsin

neg: Battle of Antivari which were at Cattaro did not come out of port to meet the Allied fleet. After blockading the Adriatic for a short while the French were forced to withdraw due to lack of supplies. When war broke out between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Montenegro, the Austro-Hungarians began a blockade of the Montenegrin coast as well as several bombardments of the various towns there including the port of Antivari (today Bar, where the protected cruiser SMS "Zenta" and destroyer SMS "Uhlan" were stationed. Meanwhile the French Navy had decided to try to force the Austro-Hungarian Navy into a decisive fleet action

neg: French ship Impétueux (1787) Lieutenant John Monkton, who signalled for help from the frigates in reserve. Robert Stopford responded in , which had the assignment of repeating signals, and towed "Marlborough" out of the line as "Mucius" freed herself and made for the regrouped French fleet to the north. "Impétueux" was in too damaged a state to move at all and sailors from soon seized her. The Royal Navy intended to take into service as HMS "Impetueux", but she was destroyed in an accidental fire at Portsmouth on 24 August 1794 and so was never commissioned. During the battle of The Glorious First of

neg: Battle of Quiberon Bay the Royal Navy and then the Royal Australian Navy. "Quiberon" was launched in 1942 and saw operations in World War II. She was decommissioned in 1964. Battle of Quiberon Bay The Battle of Quiberon Bay (known as Bataille des Cardinaux in French), was a decisive naval engagement fought on 20 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between the Royal Navy and the French Navy. It was fought in Quiberon Bay, off the coast of France near St. Nazaire. The battle was the culmination of British efforts to eliminate French naval superiority, which could have given the French the ability

neg: French ship Zélé (1764) of the Saintes" in April 1782. She was broken up in May 1806. French ship Zélé (1764) The Zélé was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was funded by a "don des vaisseaux" donation from the "Régisseur général des finances". On 6 July 1779, she participated in the Battle of Grenada as a member of the Vanguard. In 1781 and 1782, she took part in the naval operations in the American Revolutionary War, under Admiral de Grasse. She fought at the Battle of the Chesapeake. It was by wishing to help this ship that

neg: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II did not go so smoothly. The bulk of the French fleet was at Mers-el-Kebir in North Africa. Force H steamed there to confront the French with terms. Those terms were all rejected and so the French fleet was attacked and heavily damaged by Force H. The Vichy French government broke off all ties with the British as a result. (See destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kebir.) The Italian battle fleet dominated the centre of the Mediterranean and so the Royal Navy hatched a plan to cripple it. On 11 November 1940, the Royal Navy crippled or destroyed three Italian

neg: Francis Fane (Royal Navy officer) Bowen was killed during the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1797, and was replaced by Captain William Hall Gage. In May 1798, "Terpsichore" was attached to the squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson that participated in the Mediterranean Campaign of 1798, but were separated from the main squadron in late May and did not return until mid-August, by which time Nelson had already defeated the French at the Battle of the Nile off Egypt. Attached to the squadron under Sir Samuel Hood ordered to blockade Alexandria, "Terpsichore" assisted in the destruction of French vessels entering or leaving the

neg: Daniel Roberts (Royal Navy officer) and five months before "Euryalus" was to make a significant contribution to Nelson's fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, Roberts was again on shore for three months. On 8 April 1805, he joined a hospital ship, HMS Trent for one month; then back on "Euryalus" for just two weeks and five days until on 23 August 1805 he joined another 36-gun frigate, , stationed off the French coast in the Bay of Biscay. This ship did not join in the Battle of Trafalgar; instead she was part of the fleet, which was blockading the French coast. In August 1806, young

neg: History of the Royal Navy efficiency, dominating the navies of all Britain's adversaries. Initially Britain did not involve itself in the French Revolution, but in 1793 France declared war, leading to the Glorious First of June battle in the following year off Brest, followed by the capture of French colonies in the Caribbean. The Dutch Republic declared war in 1795 and Spain in 1796, on the side of France. Further action came in 1797 and 1798, with the Battle of Cape St Vincent and the Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay), which brought Admiral Horatio Nelson to the public's

neg: Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile The Battle of the Nile was a significant naval action fought during 1–3 August 1798. The battle took place in Aboukir Bay, near the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and pitted a British fleet of the Royal Navy against a fleet of the French Navy. The battle was the climax of a three-month campaign in the Mediterranean during which a huge French convoy under General Napoleon Bonaparte had sailed from Toulon to Alexandria via Malta. Despite close pursuit by a British fleet of thirteen ships

neg: North African Campaign French administration. During Operation "Torch", American, Vichy French and German navy vessels fought the Naval Battle of Casablanca, ending in an American victory. The Allied landings prompted the Axis occupation of Vichy France (Case Anton). In addition, the French fleet was captured at Toulon by the Italians, something which did them little good as the main portion of the fleet had been scuttled to prevent their use by the Axis. The Vichy army in North Africa joined the Allies (see Free French Forces). Following the Operation "Torch" landings, (from early November 1942), the Germans and Italians initiated a buildup of

neg: Battle of Grenada Battle of Grenada The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the Anglo-French War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Admiral John Byron (the grandfather of Lord Byron) had sailed in an attempt to relieve Grenada, which the French forces of the Comte D'Estaing had just captured. Incorrectly believing he had numerical superiority, Byron ordered a general chase to attack the French as they left their anchorage at Grenada. Because of the disorganized attack and the French superiority, the British

neg: French brig Argus (1800) French brig Argus (1800) Argus was a 16-gun brig of the French Navy, launched in 1800 and broken up at Cayenne in 1807. "Argus" was a "Vigilant"-class brig, designated No. 3 in 1799, of a six-vessel class. She was launched 1800, but not commissioned until 1802. She was at the battle of Trafalgar, but did not engage in combat. On 23 October 1805, French Captain Julien Cosmao made a sortie from Cadiz with some of the more seaworthy ships that had escaped the battle, in an attempt to retake some of the captured prizes. "Argus" was among the sortieing vessels.

neg: Battle of Antivari The French fleet did not have the logistical support to remain in the Adriatic for very long and so were forced to return to Malta periodically to resupply. Battle of Antivari The Battle of Antivari or Action off Antivari was a naval engagement between the French, British and two ships of the Austro-Hungarian navy at the start of World War I. The old Austrian protected cruiser and the destroyer were blockading the Montenegrin port of Antivari, when on 16 August 1914 they were surprised and cut off by a large Anglo-French force that had sortied into the Adriatic. The two

neg: Battle of Neuville together, over the Plains of Abraham on the heels of the retreating French army. The British naval presence was reinforced on 18 May with the arrival of Lord Colville's squadron. "Lowestoffe" ran aground a few days later due to strong currents and with the damage she had sustained in the battle was left a wreck. At the Battle of Quiberon Bay, just off the coast of France the Royal Navy destroyed the French fleet, having meant that France could not send a significant reserve force to save New France. A small French relief fleet commanded by François-Chenard Giraudais, did manage

neg: French Navy other theaters, but the war was over in a matter of weeks. The Navy continued to protect colonial safety and expansion under the French Third Republic. The Sino-French War saw considerable naval action including the Battle of Fuzhou, the Battle of Shipu, and the Pescadores Campaign. In Vietnam, the Navy helped wage the Tonkin Campaign which included the Battle of Thuận An, and it later participated in the Franco-Siamese War of 1893. The 19th century French Navy brought forth numerous new technologies. It led the development of naval artillery with its invention of the highly effective Paixhans gun. In 1850,

neg: Battle of Maida closer to the French than Oswald. Off conducting diversionary actions was the 20th Foot, which would be late. Only when the armies were nearly in contact did Stuart realize that he was outnumbered, but he allowed the battle to commence without changing any orders. Kempt detached the Royal Corsican Rangers and Sicilians as skirmishers. These got into a brawl with Compère's "voltigeurs" (light companies) and fell back. Kempt sent the flankers of the 35th Foot and the light company of the 20th Foot to help. Once the British troops halted the French skirmishers, they rejoined Kempt. At this time, Compère

neg: Battle of Toulon (1944) Naval Base is the main home of the French Navy, including the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91), the flagship of the fleet. Spahis were light former cavalry regiments of the French army recruited primarily from the indigenous populations of northern Africa. Battle of Toulon (1944) The Battle of Toulon (1944) refers to the combat and other actions in World War II from August 20–26, 1944 which led to the liberation of Toulon by French forces under the command of General Edgard de Larminat. Toulon was the main port for the French Navy (, "national navy"), informally . It

neg: Battle of Port Cros later, on 17 August, the former Italian corvette "Antilope", renamed "UJ6082", and the former Egyptian armed yacht "Nimet Allah" were sunk by with help from two British gunboats at the Battle of La Ciotat. Notes Bibliography Battle of Port Cros The Battle of Port Cros was a battle of World War II fought off the French Riviera in the Mediterranean Sea on the island of Port-Cros. The battle began when a United States Navy warship encountered two German warships in August 1944 while supporting the Allied Operation Dragoon. It was one of the few surface engagements fought between the United

neg: French ship Bizarre (1751) of Negapatam in 1782, although she did not take part in the action. She was also at the Battle of Trincomalee. On 4 October 1782, she ran aground near Cuddalore and became a total loss. Her commanding officer, Captain La Landelle, was dismissed from the Navy. French ship Bizarre (1751) Bizarre was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was present at two major battles, and was wrecked in 1782. Built on a design by François Coulomb, "Bizarre" entered service in 1753. She took part in the Seven Years' War, notably attacking an English convoy off

neg: French Navy virtually destroyed. Significant actions include the Battle of Cap-Français, the Battle of Quiberon Bay, and another Battle of Cape Finisterre. The Navy regrouped and rebuilt, and within 15 years it was eager to join the fray when France intervened in the American Revolutionary War. Though outnumbered everywhere, the French fleets held the British at bay for years until victory. After this conflict and the concomitant Anglo-French War (1778–1783), the Navy emerged at a new height in its history. Major battles in these years include the Battle of the Chesapeake, the Battle of Cape Henry, the Battle of Grenada, the invasion

neg: French ship Mont-Blanc (1791) ships downwind of the main confrontation and Dumanoir did not immediately obey Villeneuve's orders to return to the battle. When the ships did turn back, most of them only exchanged a few shots before retiring. On 4 November 1805, Admiral Sir Richard Strachan, with , , , and four frigates, defeated and captured what remained of the squadron at the Battle of Cape Ortegal. "Mont-Blanc" was taken and commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS "Mont Blanc". She was used as a gunpowder hulk from 1811, and was sold in 1819. French ship Mont-Blanc (1791) Mont-Blanc was a 74-gun third-rate

neg: John West (Royal Navy officer) John West (Royal Navy officer) Admiral of the Fleet Sir John West (28 July 1774 – 18 April 1862) was a Royal Navy officer. West saw action as a junior officer in the first-rate HMS "Royal George", the flagship of Admiral Sir Alexander Hood in the Channel Squadron, when he took part in the Glorious First of June and then in the Battle of Groix during the French Revolutionary Wars. As commanding officer of the third-rate HMS "Excellent", West served off the coast of Catalonia and landed with a naval brigade with orders to help defend Rosas which was under

neg: John Gell (Royal Navy officer) its mast in a storm and was obliged to return to Britain for refitting. Gell was off the Indian coast during Sir Edward Hughes' five actions against the French admiral Bailli de Suffren when Gell was in command of the 68 gun HMS "Monarca". Gell and the "Monarca" did take part in the Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June 1783. The battle was the last of the American Revolutionary War between a rival French and British fleet. The battle which took place off the coast of India near Cuddalore was inconclusive and was remarkable in that peace had already been

neg: Thomas Dundas (Royal Navy officer) Thomas Dundas (Royal Navy officer) Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Dundas KCB (c. 1765 – 29 March 1841) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. An effective frigate captain he made a number of small captures, but did not see action in any major fleet clashes, until he was present at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. He played an important role in relaying signals before the battle, and in towing dismasted British ships to safety afterwards. He had a largely uneventful career thereafter, rising through

neg: History of the French Navy Corps, which effectively put a halt to the training in gunnery, abysmally degrading the rate of fire and precision of batteries; in addition, the French doctrine was to fire at the rigging of enemy ships as to render them hapless; this doctrine could prove effective with highly trained crews, but was impractical with poorly trained gunners, and resulted in a number of instances where French ships did not manage to score a single hit on dangerously exposed English ships (as happened with the fight of the "Ça Ira", or at the beginning of the Battle of Trafalgar). By contrast, the

neg: John French, 1st Earl of Ypres for Lanrezac's HQ (22 August) but by chance met Spears on the way, who told him that Lanrezac was in no position to attack after losses the previous day at the Battle of Charleroi, which Sir John did not quite believe and that Lanrezac was out at a forward command post. Brushing aside Spears' arguments that another meeting with Lanrezac would help, French cancelled his journey and returned to GHQ; "relations with Lanrezac had broken down", writes Holmes, because Sir John saw no point in driving for hours, only to be insulted once again in a language he did not

neg: Prosper Giquel to help end the Sino-French war which had broken out due to conflicting Sino-French claims to Indochina. Among the traumatic events of that period, certainly for Prosper Giquel, was the August 1884 destruction by the French navy of the Foochow Dockyard, the principal accomplishment of his entire career in China, in the Battle of Fuzhou. Prosper Giquel appears as a character in Li Bo's "Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom" an historical novel set in the middle of the 19th century as well as the same author's "Beyond the Heavenly Kingdom". Prosper Giquel Prosper Marie Giquel (1835–1886), was a French naval officer

neg: Battle of Trafalgar trade with the continent. The Napoleonic Wars continued for another ten years after Trafalgar. Nelson's body was preserved in a barrel of brandy for the trip home to a hero's funeral. Following the battle, the Royal Navy was never again seriously challenged by the French fleet in a large-scale engagement. Napoleon had already abandoned his plans of invasion before the battle and they were never revived. The battle did not mean, however, that the French naval challenge to Britain was over. First, as the French control over the continent expanded, Britain had to take active steps with the Battle of

neg: Action of 17 July 1761 when a cannon exploded, but Proby was able to bring his ship alongside "Achille" and capture the ship in a boarding action while "Thetis" and "Modeste" captured "Bouffone". In 1759 the French Navy suffered heavy losses in the defeats at the Battle of Lagos and the Battle of Quiberon Bay, which gave the Royal Navy superiority in the Atlantic. To retain this advantage, the Royal Navy stationed squadrons off the principal French naval bases in a strategy of close blockade; French ships periodically attempted to break through this blockade to operate against British commerce. On 9 March 1761, the squadron

neg: Battle of Restigouche sailors and French soldiers who participated in the 1760 battle. Battle of Restigouche The Battle of Restigouche was a naval battle fought in 1760 during the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War) on the Restigouche River between the British Royal Navy and the small flotilla of vessels of the French Navy, Acadian militia and Mi'kmaq militias. The loss of the French vessels, which had been sent to support and resupply the troops in New France after the fall of Quebec, marked the end of any serious attempt by France to keep hold of

neg: David Dixon Porter Porter and his fleet as did the Confederate army that opposed them. The army under Banks and the navy under Porter did little to cooperate, and instead often became rivals in a race to seize cotton. Confederate opposition under Major General Richard Taylor succeeded in keeping them apart by defeating Banks at the Battle of Mansfield, following which Banks gave up the expedition. From that time on, Porter's primary task was to extricate his fleet. The task was made difficult by falling water levels in the river, but he ultimately got most out, with the help of heroic efforts by

neg: Battle of Guadeloupe (1779) Battle of Guadeloupe (1779) The Battle of Guadeloupe or the Action of 21–22 December 1779 was a naval engagement that took place off the French island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean during the American Revolutionary War between three Royal Navy ships and three French Navy frigates. The Royal Navy under Joshua Rowley sighted and promptly chased the French frigates, all of which were captured after a brief fight. On 21 December 1779, along with the 74-gun ships of the line , , and the 64-gun under Rear-Admiral Joshua Rowley, sighted the 32-gun French frigates "Fortunée" and "Blanche" and the 28-gun

neg: Battle of Guadeloupe (1779) led his squadron to capture a large French convoy, from Marseilles, off Martinique. Battle of Guadeloupe (1779) The Battle of Guadeloupe or the Action of 21–22 December 1779 was a naval engagement that took place off the French island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean during the American Revolutionary War between three Royal Navy ships and three French Navy frigates. The Royal Navy under Joshua Rowley sighted and promptly chased the French frigates, all of which were captured after a brief fight. On 21 December 1779, along with the 74-gun ships of the line , , and the 64-gun under Rear-Admiral

neg: Genoese Navy to be paid (as opposed to Venice, which only employed paid rowers), but also decreased the number of men available for boarding parties, as Genoese captains did not trust armed slaves. In 1340 a contingent of 15 Genoese galleys under the command of Pietro Barbavera fought for the French fleet against the English fleet at the pivotal Battle of Sluys. As Genoa continued to expand its trade network during the 14th century, the navy was increasingly employed to defend trade routes. While these naval trade routes greatly benefited the city, they also left it vulnerable to disease. In 1347 the

neg: History of Zakynthos of Greek islanders, the Russian fleet scored a major victory against the Ottoman navy in the Battle of Cesme but this did not help the Greek army in Morea. A Zakynthian ship under the command of Padouveros participated in this battle. The revolt was soon crushed. The Ottoman Empire hired Albanian mercenary troops and they defeated the Russo-Greek expedition at Tripolitsa. Ultimately, the Orlov Revolt was a failure which cost a huge number of lives. The Greeks were effectively forgotten in the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji that followed the cessation of hostilities between the Ottoman and Russian Empires. Consequently, they became

neg: HMS Cadiz (D79) HMS Cadiz (D79) HMS "Cadiz" was a of the Royal Navy. She was named after the Battle of Cádiz, in which the French besieged the British- and Allied-controlled town in 1810, which was eventually lifted in 1812 after the French defeat at the Battle of Salamanca. She was transferred to the Pakistan Navy in 1956, and commissioned as PNS "Khaibar". She was sunk off her home port of Karachi by the Indian Navy missile boat, during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. "Cadiz" was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company. She was launched on 16 September 1944 and commissioned on

neg: Philippe d'Auvergne fleet was at anchor the French fleet, sent to help the Dutch, entered the harbour and attacked the British. After an inconclusive battle the French broke off. After a brief pursuit, Commodore Johnstone chose to stay and make repairs to the damaged ships, enabling the French fleet to reach the Cape first. The British fleet failed to land at the Cape, but they did capture five Dutch East Indiamen in the "battle" of Saldanha Bay before heading back to England. During this expedition d'Auvergne made a report to Commodore Johnstone of the intelligence that had gathered from her capture on

neg: French fleet at the Siege of Toulon the Battle of Genoa and another in July at the Battle of Hyères Islands. These engagements marked the only encounters between the British fleet and the French fleet they so briefly held before the Royal Navy was forced to withdraw from the Mediterranean by the 1796 Treaty of San Ildefonso at which the Spanish changed sides, allying with France against Britain. "The ships in the orders of battle below are listed by class and then approximately grouped by their positions on 18 December 1793. Note that although the Rating system for ships of the line was a Royal Navy measure,

neg: James Gordon (Royal Navy officer) James Gordon (Royal Navy officer) Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Alexander Gordon, GCB (6 October 1782 – 8 January 1869) was a Royal Navy officer. As a volunteer, he fought at the Battle of Groix, at the Battle of the Glorious First of June and at the Battle of Cape St Vincent during the French Revolutionary Wars and then, as a midshipman, served under Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. Gordon became commanding officer of the 28-gun frigate which took part of a hard-fought action between three British ships and the combined forces of a

neg: Second Italian War of Independence at Medole, keeping them from joining the larger battle around Solferino, where, after a day-long battle, the French broke through. Ludwig von Benedek with the Austrian VIII Corps was separated from the main force, defended Pozzolengo against the Piedmontese part of the opposing army. This they did successfully, but the entire Austrian army retreated after the breakthrough at Solferino, withdrawing back into the Quadrilateral. At the same time, in the northern part of Lombardy, the Italian volunteers of Giuseppe Garibaldi's "Hunters of the Alps" defeated the Austrians at Varese and Como and the Piedmontese-French navy landed 3,000 soldiers and conquered

neg: French ship Scipion (1798) confrontation and Dumanoir did not immediately obey Villeneuve's orders to return to the battle. When the ships did turn back, most of them only exchanged a few shots before retiring. On 4 November 1805, in the Battle of Cape Ortegal, Admiral Sir Richard Strachan, with , , , and four frigates, defeated and captured what remained of the squadron. and took "Scipion", which the Royal Navy commissioned as HMS "Scipion". "Scipion" arrived in Plymouth on 4 November 1805 and was laid up. She underwent repairs between June 1808 and November 1809, being commissioned under for the Channel in July 1809.

neg: Battle of the Raz de Sein in the aftermath and later repaired and served in the Royal Navy until 1810. Both L'Héritier and the deceased Hood were highly praised for their conduct during the battle, which is noted as being a very rare example during this period of an action between two ships of approximately equal strength without any external influence. During the French Revolutionary Wars the Royal Navy had exerted dominance at sea over its continental rivals, most immediately the French Navy with its principal fleet based at Brest on the Breton coast of the Bay of Biscay. To contain this fleet the British practiced

neg: Antoine Louis de Gourdon Antoine Louis de Gourdon Antoine Louis Gourdon, born in Paris on 20 July 1765 and died there on 28 June 1833, was a vice-amiral of the French Navy. He saw his first campaign in the frigate "Aimable", taking part in the capture of Demerara. Unlike many officers he did not join the French Royalist cause, and was dismissed in 1793. Later restored to the Navy, he served with the Saint-Domingue expedition, commanding the naval division at Port-de-Paix. He later took part, in April 1809, at the Battle of Basque Roads, on board "Foudroyant". In 1811 he took command of the

neg: Jácome Ratton Constitucional" (Portuguese Constitutional Court), with a large country estate at Barroca d’Alva on the Tagus estuary as well, where he reclaimed land. The French invasion of 1807 not only destroyed commerce but put the Franco-Portuguese community, of which Jacombe was the most prominent member, in a difficult position. It did not help that General Paul Thiébault, the chief-of-staff to Junot, the French commander, had billeted himself at Jacome's house, and they became friends. After they lost the Battle of Vimeiro in 1808, the French negotiated a withdrawal from Portugal with the British (to the fury of British public opinion). In

neg: Battle of Ko Chang Battle of Ko Chang The Battle of Ko Chang took place on 17 January 1941 during the Franco-Thai War in which a flotilla of French warships attacked a smaller force of Thai vessels, including a coastal defence ship. The battle resulted in a tactical victory by the Vichy French Navy over the Royal Thai Navy although the strategic result is disputed. The Japanese intervened diplomatically and mediated a ceasefire. In the end, two Thai ships were sunk and one was heavily damaged. Within a month of the engagement, the French and the Thais negotiated a peace which ended the war.

neg: Battle of Restigouche Battle of Restigouche The Battle of Restigouche was a naval battle fought in 1760 during the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War) on the Restigouche River between the British Royal Navy and the small flotilla of vessels of the French Navy, Acadian militia and Mi'kmaq militias. The loss of the French vessels, which had been sent to support and resupply the troops in New France after the fall of Quebec, marked the end of any serious attempt by France to keep hold of their colonies in North America. The battle was the last

neg: HMS Belleisle (1795) Canada", "HMS Ramillies" and "HMS Cerberus", captured "Telemaco", "Carvalho", and "Master" on 17 April 1807. The actual occupation of the Danish West Indies did not occur until December, after receipt of news of the second battle of Copenhagen. From 1811 she was in Portsmouth harbour, and in 1814 the decision was taken to have her broken up. HMS Belleisle (1795) Lion was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the French Navy, which later served in the Royal Navy. She was named "Lion" on 23 April 1790 and built at Rochefort from August 1791 until June 1794. She

neg: HMS Cadiz (D79) struck the destroyer, sinking it. "Khaibar" went down with most hands on board. A Pakistani minesweeper, , was also sunk and another destroyer, was severely damaged, later scrapped as a result. The missile boats then hit the fuel storage tanks at Karachi harbour, setting them ablaze. HMS Cadiz (D79) HMS "Cadiz" was a of the Royal Navy. She was named after the Battle of Cádiz, in which the French besieged the British- and Allied-controlled town in 1810, which was eventually lifted in 1812 after the French defeat at the Battle of Salamanca. She was transferred to the Pakistan Navy in

neg: French corvette Naïade (1793) news of the second battle of Copenhagen. A notice of a head money payment states that at some point King and "Melville" captured the privateers "Pensee" and "Favorite". "Melville" arrived at Deptford on 18 July 1808. King transferred on 29 July into , which he commissioned in Britain. The Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy offered "Melville sloop...lying at Deptford" for sale on 3 November 1808. She was sold that day. Notes Citations References French corvette Naïade (1793) The French corvette "Naïade" was launched at Brest in 1793 as a brig-corvette for the French Navy. The Royal Navy

neg: Action of 10 September 1782 a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone. At about the same time a French squadron under the command of Bailli de Suffren left France. Both squadrons were en route to the Cape of Good Hope, the British to take it from the Dutch, the French aiming to help defend it and French possessions in the Indian Ocean, including Rodriguez Island, Ile Bourbon (Réunion), Île de France (Mauritius), and Pondicherry. The two squadrons, including the Indiamen, met in the battle of Porto Praya. Though the battle was inconclusive, it did enable the French to forestall the British attack on the Cape.

neg: Battle of Quiberon Bay Battle of Quiberon Bay The Battle of Quiberon Bay (known as Bataille des Cardinaux in French), was a decisive naval engagement fought on 20 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between the Royal Navy and the French Navy. It was fought in Quiberon Bay, off the coast of France near St. Nazaire. The battle was the culmination of British efforts to eliminate French naval superiority, which could have given the French the ability to carry out their planned invasion of Great Britain. A British fleet of 24 ships of the line under Sir Edward Hawke tracked down and engaged

neg: Atlantic raid of June 1796 by winter storms during the disastrous "Croisière du Grand Hiver" campaign. In June 1795 three more ships were captured by the British Channel Fleet at the Battle of Groix. With the French fleet consolidating at Brest, the Royal Navy instituted a policy of close blockade, maintaining a fleet off the port to intercept any efforts by the main French battle fleet to sail. The French Navy instead embarked on a strategy of interference with British commerce, the majority of which by necessity passed through the Western Approaches and the English Channel. This campaign was conducted principally by privateers and small

neg: Glorious First of June had reformed his squadron, and felt that the French fleet could have been successful tactically as well as strategically if only Villaret had made greater efforts to engage the remains of Howe's fleet. The French Navy had suffered its worst losses in a single day since the Battle of La Hogue in 1692. Ultimately the revolutionary excesses of the period would prove disastrous for the French Navy. Poor leadership, conflicting and arbitrary orders and the decimation of the experienced seamen in the ranks promoted a negative attitude in the French officer corps. The French battlefleet did not contest British dominance

neg: Philippe de Gaulle father had also studied, and subsequently joined the French Navy. De Gaulle was named after Philippe Pétain, of whom his father was a great admirer. A student at the École Navale at the time of the invasion of France in 1940, he did not hear his father's appeal of 18 June, but escaped to the United Kingdom and declared his allegiance to the Free French Naval Forces. During the Second World War he fought in the Channel campaign and in the Battle of the Atlantic. Promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1943, de Gaulle participated in the Battle of France (1944–1945) as

neg: Battle of Toulon (1944) Battle of Toulon (1944) The Battle of Toulon (1944) refers to the combat and other actions in World War II from August 20–26, 1944 which led to the liberation of Toulon by French forces under the command of General Edgard de Larminat. Toulon was the main port for the French Navy (, "national navy"), informally . It holds a special place in the hearts of all Frenchmen, dating back to the rise of Napoleon at the Siege of Toulon in 1793 when Captain Bonaparte was put in charge of the artillery and using his skills, successfully captured the port from

neg: Annus Mirabilis of 1759 victorious in all theatres against France. In North America, the British captured Fort Ticonderoga (Carillon), drove the French out of the Ohio Country, captured Quebec City as a result of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, and captured Guadeloupe in the West Indies. In India, they repulsed French forces besieging Madras. In Europe, British troops partook in a decisive Allied victory at the Battle of Minden. The destruction of the French invasion barges and the victory of the Royal Navy over the French Navy at the Battle of Lagos and the decisive Battle of Quiberon Bay, ended any realistic

neg: First Battle of Algeciras First Battle of Algeciras The First Battle of Algeciras was a naval battle fought on 6 July 1801 (17 messidor an IX of the French Republican Calendar) between a squadron of British Royal Navy ships of the line and a smaller French Navy squadron at anchor in the fortified Spanish port of Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar. The British outnumbered their opponents, but the French position was protected by Spanish gun batteries and the complicated shoals that obscured the entrance to Algeciras Bay. The French squadron, under Contre-Amiral Charles Linois, had stopped at Algeciras "en route" to the major

neg: Military history of the Netherlands battle of the Boyne -an engagement largely decided by Dutch infantry. The war was ended in Anglo-Dutch favour in 1691, when Dutch general Ginkel destroyed the Franco-Irish army at the Battle of Aughrim. In 1691, the French did little more than help to carry away the wreckage of their allies and their own detachments. In 1692 a vigorous but tardy attempt was made to employ their fleet to cover an invasion of England at the Battle of La Hougue. It ended in defeat, and the allies remained masters of the Channel. The defeat of La Hougue did not do so

neg: Naval history of Vietnam of the 19th century, the Vietnamese Navy fought against the French in many battles. Due to disadvantages in technology, the Vietnamese Navy could not defeat the French Navy, but there were still several battles during which the Vietnamese Navy caused heavy damages to the French. The Vietnamese were especially successful in the Battle of Nhat Tao canal held by Nguyễn Trung Trực on 10 December 1861. Nguyễn Trung Trực's naval forces ambushed the French brig "L'Esperance" at the Vam Co River, Mekong Delta. Truc's 150 men were grouped into three columns. The first group of 61 sailors under Hoang Khac

neg: Battle of St. Lucia the British lines at La Vigie. Three assaults were made but British control of the high ground enabled them to repulse the French. The French troops were re-embarked, and when d'Estaing's fleet left on 29 December, the island surrendered to the British. Battle of St. Lucia The Battle of St. Lucia or the Battle of the Cul de Sac was a naval battle fought off the island of St. Lucia in the West Indies during the American Revolutionary War on 15 December 1778, between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. The French had entered the American Revolutionary War

neg: Minor's Hill Colonel Minor of Minor's Hill and his 700-man Virginia Militia 60th Regiment were summoned on August 23, 1814 from Falls Church to Washington, which they were assigned to defend. However, due to bureaucratic bungling among War Department officials they were not sent to help defend the approaches to Washington at Bladensburg, Maryland nor did many of them come armed. As events at the Battle of Bladensburg worsened, government officials began evacuating the city. At that time the Washington Navy Yard was an important fleet center, and its gunpowder was hurriedly moved across the bridges into Virginia, and brought to Falls

neg: History of the French Navy typical example). During the American War of Independence the French Navy played a decisive role in supporting the American side. The French Navy was the only standing navy to fight the British, alongside the modest Continental and American state navies and American privateers. In a very impressive effort, the French under de Grasse managed to defeat an English fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781, thus ensuring that the Franco-American ground forces would win the ongoing Battle of Yorktown. In India, Suffren managed impressive campaigns against the British (1770–1780), successfully contending for supremacy against Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes.

neg: Aiskew Hollis Aiskew Hollis Vice-Admiral Aiskew Paffard Hollis ("c." 1764 – 23 June 1844) was a Royal Navy officer of the early nineteenth century who is best known for his service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Born in the 1760s, Hollis entered the Navy in 1774 and served during the American Revolutionary War, seeing action at the Battle of Ushant and the French Revolutionary Wars in which he was badly wounded at the Glorious First of June. In 1801, as the captain of HMS "Thames" Hollis was heavily engaged at the Second Battle of Algeciras and in the Napoleonic Wars

neg: Spanish cruiser Reina Cristina United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. Spanish cruiser Reina Cristina Reina Cristina was an unprotected cruiser of the Spanish Navy which fought in the Battle of Manila Bay. "Reina Cristina" was built at the naval shipyard at Ferrol and launched 2 May 1887. She had two funnels. Her main armament was built by Hontoria and sponson-mounted. Her five torpedo tubes were all fixed; two were forward, one was on each beam, and one was aft. Although unprotected and therefore lacking armor, she had 12 watertight compartments built in a French-style cellular system to help her resist flooding.

neg: Spanish cruiser Reina Cristina Spanish cruiser Reina Cristina Reina Cristina was an unprotected cruiser of the Spanish Navy which fought in the Battle of Manila Bay. "Reina Cristina" was built at the naval shipyard at Ferrol and launched 2 May 1887. She had two funnels. Her main armament was built by Hontoria and sponson-mounted. Her five torpedo tubes were all fixed; two were forward, one was on each beam, and one was aft. Although unprotected and therefore lacking armor, she had 12 watertight compartments built in a French-style cellular system to help her resist flooding. She was designed for colonial service, intercepting smugglers and

neg: Phaethon (patrol boat) Phaethon (patrol boat) Phaethon (, named after the mythical hero Phaethon) was a patrol boat of the Cypriot Navy which took part in the battle of Tillyria on 8 August 1964. It was under the command of Greek second lieutenant Dimitrios Mitsatsos and was manned by a crew of the Greek Navy in a top-secret mission to help patrol the Cypriot coastline. The boat also fought against the Turkish Cypriot forces during the battle at Tillyria. The losses sustained by the crew were the first battle casualties of the Hellenic Navy after World War II. Due to the top-secret nature

neg: Naval history of World War II States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played a central role in the Pacific theatre in the war against Japan. It also played a major supporting role, alongside the Royal Navy, in the European war against Germany. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) sought naval superiority in the Pacific by sinking the main American battle fleet at Pearl Harbor, which was built around its battleships. The December 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor did knock out the battle fleet, but it did not touch the aircraft carriers, which became the mainstay of the rebuilt fleet. Naval doctrine

neg: History of Quebec a series of battles were fought there. The French military enjoyed early successes in these frontier battles, gaining control over several strategic points in 1756 and 1757. The British sent substantial military forces, while the Royal Navy controlled the Atlantic, preventing France from sending much help. In 1758 the British captured Louisbourg, gaining control over the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and also took control of key forts on the frontier in battles at Frontenac and Duquesne. In spite of the spectacular defeat of the supposed main British thrust in the Battle of Carillon (in which a banner was supposedly

neg: French ship America (1788) broken up in 1813. French ship America (1788) America was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in 1794 at the Battle of the Glorious First of June. She then served with the British under the name HMS "Impetueux" until she was broken up in 1813. She became the prototype for the Royal Navy . The vessel was captured by at the Battle of the Glorious First of June. In 1795 the Admiralty renamed her HMS "Impétueux" as there was already a ship named "America" in the British navy. On 5 October

neg: French ship America (1788) French ship America (1788) America was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in 1794 at the Battle of the Glorious First of June. She then served with the British under the name HMS "Impetueux" until she was broken up in 1813. She became the prototype for the Royal Navy . The vessel was captured by at the Battle of the Glorious First of June. In 1795 the Admiralty renamed her HMS "Impétueux" as there was already a ship named "America" in the British navy. On 5 October 1796, Captain John Willet

neg: Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire was put under siege and fell in April 1826. Ibrahim had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken. Russia, Britain and France decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece. Following news that combined Ottoman–Egyptian fleets were going to attack the Greek island of Hydra, the allied fleet intercepted the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet in the battle of Navarino. Following a week long standoff, a battle began which resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet. With the help of a French expeditionary force proceeded to the captured

neg: Jean Jacques Étienne Lucas Jean Jacques Étienne Lucas Jean Jacques Étienne Lucas (28 April 1764 – 6 November 1819) was a French Navy officer, famous for his role in the Battle of Trafalgar. Born in Marennes, he joined the French Navy at the age of 14. From 1779 to 1782 he sailed on the "Hermione". During this period, he fought at the battle off Cape Breton (21 July 1781), part of the American Revolutionary War. He is primarily remembered for his role in the Battle of Trafalgar. By 1805, Lucas was a "capitaine de vaisseau", the French title for captain. He commanded the French

neg: Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca (; 7 February 1762 - 1 August 1798) was an officer of the French Navy in the 18th century. Casabianca distinguished himself in the Royal French Navy, was a deputy for Corsica at the National Convention, then became member of the Council of Five Hundred. He was the commander of flagship "Orient", which transported Napoleon across the Mediterranean during his expedition to Egypt. During the Battle of the Nile of 1 August 1798, where Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson destroyed the French fleet in Aboukir Bay, Casabianca fought heroically until his death. During the course of battle, he

neg: HMS Theseus (1786) crew's hammocks were ordered to be aired three times a week. In 1798, "Theseus" took part in the decisive Battle of the Nile, under the command of Captain Ralph Willett Miller. The Royal Navy fleet was outnumbered, at least in firepower, by the French fleet, which boasted the 118-gun ship-of-the-line "L'Orient", three 80-gun warships and nine of the popular 74-gun ships. The Royal Navy fleet in comparison had just thirteen 74-gun ships and one 50-gun fourth-rate. During the battle "Theseus", along with , assisted and , who were being attacked by a number of French warships. The French frigate "Artemise"

neg: Second Battle of Algeciras his ship. In August 1798, the French Mediterranean Fleet was largely destroyed by a British fleet at the Battle of the Nile during the French invasion of Egypt. With the Royal Navy dominant in the Mediterranean Sea and their army trapped in Egypt, the French sought in 1801 to augment their depleted forces in the region by sending reinforcements from the Atlantic Fleet and by purchasing ships from the Spanish Navy, based in Cadiz. A squadron sailed from Brest on the Atlantic in January and made three failed attempts to reach Egypt, which was facing a large British invasion, before