query: when did the last residential school close canada

pos: Canadian Indian residential school system up for adoption by predominantly non-Indigenous families throughout Canada and the United States. While the Indian and Northern Affairs estimates that 11,132 children were adopted between 1960 and 1990, the actual number may be as high as 20,000. In 1969, after years of sharing power with churches, the DIA took sole control of the residential school system. The last residential school operated by the Canadian government, Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, was closed in 1996. Residential schools operated in every Canadian province and territory with the exception of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. It is estimated that the

pos: Duck Lake, Saskatchewan Duck Lake, Saskatchewan Duck Lake is a town in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan, Canada. Its location is north of Saskatoon and south of Prince Albert on highway 11, in the rural municipality of Duck Lake. Immediately to the north of Duck Lake is the south block of the Nisbet Provincial Forest. It is also the administrative centre of the Beardy's and Okemasis Cree First Nations band government. Duck Lake was home to one of the last operating Residential Schools in Canada, St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School), which closed in 1996. Duck Lake was

pos: Punnichy by four First Nation reserves: Muskowekwan, Kawacatoose, Daystar and Gordon. As of the 2011 census, the population of Punnichy was 245. Punnichy was the location of one of the last operating Residential Schools in Canada, Gordon Indian Residential School, which closed in 1996. Punnichy is surrounded by the rural municipality of Mount Hope No. 279 and is part of the provincial constituency Last Mountain-Touchwood and federal constituency Regina—Qu'Appelle. The town has one of the largest RCMP detachments in the area. In 2009, Punnichy celebrated its centennial. Punnichy has an elementary school, high school and has a Carlton Trail Regional College

pos: Shingwauk Indian Residential School Shingwauk Indian Residential School Shingwauk Indian Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 boarding schools for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Government of Canada, the Shingwauk School operated from 1873 to 1970 in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Today, Shingwauk Hall, built in 1935, forms the central building of Algoma University. Prior to the establishment of the Shingwauk School smaller school mission schools existed in Sault Ste. Marie. In 1833 William McMurray, an Anglican

pos: Spanish Indian Residential Schools Spanish Indian Residential Schools The Spanish Indian Residential Schools were part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 schools for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Jesuits of English Canada, the Daughters of the Heart of Mary and the Government of Canada the residential schools operated in Spanish, Ontario from 1913 to 1965. Prior to the establishment of the residential school in Spanish, Ontario the Jesuits operated a day school at Wiikwemkoong First Nation beginning in 1838. In 1862 the Wikwemikong Industrial School, Girls' Department

pos: Indigenous peoples in Canada who did enfranchise were often met with disappointment. The final government strategy of assimilation, made possible by the Indian Act was the Canadian residential school system: Beginning in 1847 and lasting until 1996, the Canadian government, in partnership with the dominant Christian Churches, ran 130 residential boarding schools across Canada for Aboriginal children, who were forcibly taken from their homes. While the schools were said to educate, they were plagued by under-funding, disease, and abuse. Because of laws and policies that encouraged or required Indigenous peoples to assimilate into a Eurocentric society, Canada violated the United Nations Genocide Convention that

pos: Salluit public services were being delivered, Inuit settled around the small village. The first residential houses were built in 1959 and ten years later a co-operative store was established by its residents. Salluit legally became a municipality in 1979. Since 1996, the police services in Salluit are provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force. The Kativik School Board operates the Ikusik School. Salluit Salluit (, "the thin ones") is the second northernmost Inuit community in Quebec, Canada, located on Sugluk Inlet close to the Hudson Strait and was formerly known as Sugluk. Its population was 1,483 in the Canada 2016 Census

pos: Lejac Residential School residential school administrators to inflict harsh punishment on those who attempted to run away from their school. Lejac Residential School Lejac Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 boarding schools for First Nations children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Roman Catholic Church under contract with the government of Canada, construction was completed on January 17, 1922, succeeding the school opened in 1917 in Fort Saint James. It was located in an otherwise undeveloped area on the shore of Fraser Lake about half-way between the town of

pos: Spanish Indian Residential Schools the Spanish Schools. Beginning in 2010 artist Stacy Sauve began covering a tree across from the St. Joseph school site as a form of memorial. The tree includes two elders and a thunderbird. Spanish Indian Residential Schools The Spanish Indian Residential Schools were part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 schools for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Jesuits of English Canada, the Daughters of the Heart of Mary and the Government of Canada the residential schools operated in Spanish, Ontario from 1913 to

pos: Lejac Residential School Lejac Residential School Lejac Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 boarding schools for First Nations children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Roman Catholic Church under contract with the government of Canada, construction was completed on January 17, 1922, succeeding the school opened in 1917 in Fort Saint James. It was located in an otherwise undeveloped area on the shore of Fraser Lake about half-way between the town of Fraser Lake and the village of Fort Fraser, just off the railway line. The location was about

pos: Shingwauk Indian Residential School was transferred to the Anglican Diocese of Algoma following the departure of E.F. Wilson from the Shingwauk Home. A complete set of back issues of the "Algoma Missionary News" and the "Algoma Anglican" are housed in the Anglican Diocese of Algoma Archives at Algoma University. There are numerous memorials on the Shingwauk Indian Residential School Site, including: Shingwauk Indian Residential School Shingwauk Indian Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 boarding schools for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. Operated by the Anglican Church

pos: Kamloops Indian Residential School arisen from local natives and media. Kamloops Indian Residential School The Kamloops Indian Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 schools for First Nations children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. The Kamloops School was opened in 1893 (initially as the Kamloops Industrial School) and continued operation until 1977. Hundreds of Secwepemc children attended the school, often forcibly removed from their homes once attendance became mandatory by law. Children were not allowed to speak their native Secwepemctsin language or practice their own spirituality. The school still stands today. claims also

pos: Kamloops Indian Residential School Kamloops Indian Residential School The Kamloops Indian Residential School was part of the Canadian residential school system and one of the 130 schools for First Nations children that operated in Canada between 1874 and 1996. The Kamloops School was opened in 1893 (initially as the Kamloops Industrial School) and continued operation until 1977. Hundreds of Secwepemc children attended the school, often forcibly removed from their homes once attendance became mandatory by law. Children were not allowed to speak their native Secwepemctsin language or practice their own spirituality. The school still stands today. claims also of missing students during 1964 have

pos: Sleeping Children Awake Television was established. After its release, the video won a number of awards for its portrayal of the residential school system. The documentary was recognized for its role in combatting racism and religious intolerance. Residential Schools operated in Canada from the 1800s until 1996. These schools were said to be a primary weapon of the government and the missionaries in their attempt to systematically destroy Native culture. Generations of First Nations people were scarred from the effects of their policies. When the video was made, there was very little discussion about the crucial subject of residential schools either in the

pos: Human rights in Canada Church of Canada. The system had origins in pre-Confederation times, but was primarily active following the passage of the "Indian Act" in 1876, until the mid-twentieth century. The last residential school was not closed until 1996. There have been numerous resettlement programs that spanned over a century and a half, whereupon the original agreements of Treaty territory had been revised without consultation with the indigenous groups who signed the treaties. For example, the Peguis Reserve, the largest land owning Cree Nation in Manitoba, was transposed from their territory (now known as Selkirk) to a swampy area approximately 150 km northwest,

pos: Official bilingualism in Canada names and were to become the provinces of Upper Canada, namely Luneburg, Mecklenburg, Nassau and Hesse. ‘The right to have German schools was also granted to the Mennonites who came shortly after Mooll’s unlucky settlers. Many of these reliable industrious farmers left Canada when, after the First World War, this right was rescinded. Learning these facts, one gets the impression that the existence of early German settlers as well as their contributions and loyalty to Canada have been either misrepresented or silenced.’ From 1876 to 1996, the Government of Canada operated the Canadian Indian residential school system which the Truth

pos: First Nations residential school to close was Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, founded in 1889, and closed in 1996. The Christian denominations that operated the schools on behalf of the federal government have expressed regret and issued apologies for their part in a system that harmed many indigenous children. In 2008, the government issued an official apology to the students who were forced to attend the residential schools and their families. In June 2015, the federally-established Truth and Reconciliation Commission, charged with investigating and reporting on the residential school system, issued its summary report, and in December of the same year,

neg: Institutional racism decline in later years, death would remain a part of the residential school tradition. The author of that report to the BNA, Dr. P.H. Bryce, was later removed and in 1922 published a pamphlet that came close to calling the governments indifference to the conditions of the Indians in the schools 'manslaughter'. The worst aspect of Canada's residential schools, and that which anthropologists Steckley and Cummins said "might readily qualify as the single-worst thing that Europeans did to Natives in Canada" was the endemic abuses; emotional, physical and sexual, for which they are now known. Punishments were often brutal and

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system screening. In 1909, Bryce reported that, between 1894 and 1908, mortality rates at some residential schools in western Canada ranged from 30 to 60 per cent over five years (that is, five years after entry, 30 to 60 per cent of students had died, or 6 to 12 per cent per annum). These statistics did not become public until 1922, when Bryce, who was no longer working for the government, published "The Story of a National Crime: Being a Record of the Health Conditions of the Indians of Canada from 1904 to 1921." In particular, he alleged that the high

neg: John Tootoosis John Tootoosis John Baptiste Tootoosis (July 18, 1899 Poundmaker Reserve, Saskatchewan – February 1, 1989) was a prominent Cree First Nations leader in Canada. He is the grandson of Yellow Mud Blanket, the brother of legendary Cree leader Pitikwahanapiwiyin, also known as Poundmaker. Tootoosis was born on the Poundmaker Reserve in Saskatchewanto to Mary Theresa and John Tootoosis. He grew up in a close-knit family, but at the age of 13 was sent away to attend the Thunderchild Residential School, also known as the Delmas Residential School, a Roman Catholic residential school located near North Battleford, Saskatchewan. He returned to

neg: Mohawk Institute Residential School Mohawk Institute Residential School The Mohawk Institute Residential School was a Canadian Indian residential school in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. The School operated under the Government of Canada from July 1, 1885 to June 27, 1970. Prior to 1885 the Anglican Church of Canada was involved in the operation of a school and residential school in the same location. Enrollment at the school ranged from 90 to 200 students per year. It was operated by the Anglican Church of Canada from its founding as the "Mechanics' Institute" (a day school for boys on the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve)

neg: Rosemarie Kuptana has also worked with the International Institute for Sustainable Development, the Migratory Bird Treaty and on Inuit residential school experience where she helped Inuit in receiving compensation. In the last 10 years, Ms. Kuptana worked on the Inuit Residential School experience and ensured that Inuvialuit received compensation. As well, Ms. Kuptana has written articles and worked on the emergent issue of Arctic Sovereignty and Security. In 1988, she became a Member of the Order of Canada and ten years later, in 1998, she was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada. She has received the Governor General's Confederation

neg: Michael Cachagee University College and later at Confederation College as the Dean of Native Studies. Cachagee is a well known advocate and speaker on relating to residential schools. He was a founding member of the Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association, the National Residential School Survivor Society, and Ontario Indian Residential School Support Services. All of these organizations have been dedicated to working with former residential school students and have played advocacy roles relating to residential schools. Cachagee was on the floor of the House of Commons of Canada when Prime Minister Stephen Harper delivered his 2008 apology to residential school survivors. He

neg: Market Mall (Saskatoon) early 1990s. In September 2011 it was reported that Target Canada, as part of its takeover of the Zellers chain, had purchased the leasehold for the Market Mall location with the possibility of it being converted to a Target store in the future. Prior to this, in June 2011, mall management announced that the Zellers location would close in 2012 to facilitate plans to build an 18,000-sq.-ft. expansion to the mall and add a residential component. Ultimately, the Zellers location did close in the spring of 2012, and the department-store sized bay did not become a Target, remaining vacant and

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system Although many of these early schools were open for only a short time, efforts persisted. The Mohawk Institute Residential School, the oldest, continuously operated residential school in Canada, opened in 1834 on Six Nations of the Grand River near Brantford, Ontario. Administered by the Anglican Church, the facility opened as the Mechanics' Institute, a day school for boys, in 1828 and became a boarding school four years later when it accepted its first boarders and began admitting female students. It remained in operation until June 30, 1970. The renewed interest in residential schools in the early 1800s has been linked

neg: Assembly of First Nations the NIB's policy paper "Indian Control of Indian Education" was generally accepted by federal government and the NIB gained national recognition for the issue of Indigenous education in Canada. Undoubtedly, this was one of the last steps in ending the Canadian Residential School System, long opposed by Indigenous people, but also a first step in the push for Indigenous self-governance. In 1973, the Calder case decision was issued. "You have more rights than I thought you did," Prime Minister Trudeau told the NIB leaders. The NIB gained consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1974, until

neg: Reconciliation Canada Reconciliation Canada Reconciliation Canada is a Canadian non-profit group based in Vancouver, Canada. The charity seeks to promote understanding of the Canadian Indian residential school system, which forcibly relocated First Nations, Inuit and Métis children into boarding schools from the late 1800s until the 1960s, as well as the reconciliation process begun by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was started by Chief Robert Joseph and daughter Karen Joseph in 2013. Chief Robert Joseph, a survivor of the residential school system, worked with the Indian Residential School Survivors Society and the Tides Canada Initiatives to start the charity in 2012.

neg: Beauchamp College back to the mid-15th century having started life as Kibworth Beauchamp Grammar School. The history of that school has been written by Bernard Elliott. In 1964 it became the Beauchamp Grammar School when it moved from School Lane, Kibworth, into new buildings in Oadby, a rapidly growing residential suburban area to the South of Leicester, about from the City of Leicester. It thus became a comprehensive Upper School for pupils aged 14 to 18, although the last pupils to have gained entry at Kibworth via the 11-plus examination did not leave until 1968. It then became fully comprehensive, serving Oadby

neg: Orange Shirt Day Orange Shirt Day Orange Shirt Day is an event that started in 2013. It was designed to educate people and promote awareness about the Indian residential school system and the impact this system had on Indigenous communities for more than a century in Canada. It is held annually on September 30 in Canadian communities with students and staff being encouraged to wear an orange shirt to school that day. Orange Shirt Day began in 2013 as a result of residential school survivor Phyllis Jack Webstad discussing her experience when she arrived at a residential school. Webstad shared her story at

neg: Williams High School (Stockbridge, Massachusetts) into one student body. For the first time in nearly two and a half centuries, since John Sergeant founded an indian mission school in 1737, the children of Stockbridge would not be attending school in their own community. The last class to graduate from Williams High School was in June 1967. The graduation ceremony was held at Tanglewood, as had many of the school’s graduation ceremonies over the years. The last student to receive a Williams High School diploma was John Gennari, president of the Class of 1967. The school did not actually close until April 1968, when the senior

neg: Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island visited." In 1864, there was thought to close the school for reasons of under use, with so few attending, and to merge its students with those in the Upper Belle Creek District. This did not happen and designated School District Number 137, it was registered with the Board of Education on August 10, 1882 and remained open until consolidation in 1968. Wood Island(s) Postal Service 1855 – 1980. When Prince Edward Island joined Canada (in 1873), its postal administration was absorbed into the federal Post Office Department, until transferred to Canada Post Corporation (in 1981). Long before rural mail delivery

neg: Pelican Lake Indian Residential School officially opened in 1929. The school was one of the approximately three dozen schools operated by the Anglican Church of Canada. It was the state-enforced Indian Residential School for Ojibway and Cree students from both Treaty Three and Treaty Nine territories in northern Ontario and eastern Manitoba. When it initially opened it housed a total of 125 both boys and girls, but this number increased to 150 by the late 1940s. As like most residential schools, the school was designed in a way that the male and female students had limited interaction with each other. Usually students were removed from

neg: Rebecca Jamieson Clan of the Tuscarora people. When she was 2 years old, her family moved to Six Nations of the Grand River in Ontario, the most-populous First Nations reserve in Canada. During the time of the Canadian Indian residential school system, which sought to assimilate aboriginal children, Jamieson found that her people were not represented in the school lessons. This sent a message to her that the reality she was being taught mattered more than her life at home. Jamieson felt the legacy of the residential schools, particularly Mohawk Institute Residential School, had caused lasting cultural divisions and that it was

neg: Oakbank School, Aberdeen to the north of the main building. Oakbank School, Aberdeen Oakbank School was an independent residential school in Aberdeen, Scotland that offered residential education to young people with behavioural difficulties. Formerly categorised as an approved school, it was the main institution of its kind for the North of Scotland. In 2007 it celebrated its 125th anniversary. In 2008, around 100 staff were made redundant when the school was forced to close because of debts. Developer Carlton Rock bought the site of the former school for £7 million, and 100 new homes were built. All the school buildings on the site

neg: Oakbank School, Aberdeen Oakbank School, Aberdeen Oakbank School was an independent residential school in Aberdeen, Scotland that offered residential education to young people with behavioural difficulties. Formerly categorised as an approved school, it was the main institution of its kind for the North of Scotland. In 2007 it celebrated its 125th anniversary. In 2008, around 100 staff were made redundant when the school was forced to close because of debts. Developer Carlton Rock bought the site of the former school for £7 million, and 100 new homes were built. All the school buildings on the site were demolished apart from the governor's house

neg: Andy Paull in the village of Stawamus, near Squamish, British Columbia, but later his family moved to the village of Eslha7an in North Vancouver, British Columbia where he began to attend St. Paul's Indian Residential School when it first opened in 1899. After six years at residential school, Paull spent two years learning from local Sḵwxwú7mesh chiefs. Paull's time at residential school was clearly important to him as he maintained a close relationship with a number of the oblates and nuns for his entire life. Nevertheless, he held his Sḵwxwú7mesh "education" to be at least equally important: In 1907, he began on-the-job

neg: Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre University and the Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association, opened the "Reclaiming Shingwauk Hall" exhibition space. This space is an exhibit which tell this history of the Shingwauk Residential School site, within the context of colonialism in Canada, while also celebrating the resilience of residential school survivors. Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre The Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre (SRSC) is an archival repository and cross-cultural education centre within Algoma University with a special mandate to collect and preserve material relating to the legacy residential schools in Canada, healing and reconciliation, and Indigenous communities. The Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre is jointly governed by Algoma

neg: St. Mary's Indian Residential School were able to, were allowed to visit and some families would camp around the school. Students were also able to visit the town of Mission until 1948. In 1961, students were moved to a new government-run residential school of the same name on the eastern border of the Mission property, and the Roman Catholic school was closed down. All the buildings of the former school were demolished in 1965 as they had deteriorated badly with age. When the government-run school was closed in 1985, it was the last functioning residential school in British Columbia. The grounds of the Catholic Mission

neg: Prince Albert Indian Residential School Prince Albert Indian Residential School Prince Albert Indian Residential School was a Canadian residential school operated by the Anglican Church for First Nations children in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. It was located on the West Hill of Prince Albert in a former army barracks. Victoria Union Hospital is now adjacent to the former school area to the west. The school was formed in 1951 through the amalgamation of St. Albans Indian Residential School and the All Saints Indian Residential School. Prince Albert Indian Residential School was operated by the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada (MSCC) until 1969.

neg: St. John's Indian Residential School St. John's Indian Residential School The St. John's Indian Residential School, also known as the Chapleau Indian Residential School, was a Canadian Indian Residential School operated by the Anglican Church of Canada from 1907 to 1948 in Chapleau, Ontario. The original residential school in Chapleau was operated by the Anglican Diocese of Moosonee from 1907 to 1920. In 1920 the school's administration was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs. The school was built to accommodate 40 students, and in 1919 it was expanded to accommodate 45. The residential school was located on 153 acres on the east side

neg: Mi'kmaq the Canadian Indian residential school system. The Government of Canada settled the lawsuit for upwards of . On June 11, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper made an apology to the residential school survivors. In the fall of 2011, there was an Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission that travelled to various communities in Atlantic Canada, who were all served by the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School. For 37 years (1930-1967), 10% of Mi'kmaq children attended the institution. In the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, October is celebrated as Mi'kmaq History Month. The entire Mi'kmaq Nation celebrates

neg: Lighthouse Park as far as the Lions Gate Bridge. While this view point isn't the most popular among visitors, it is highly recommended for its beautiful hike along the Arbutus Trail and its quiet nature. Just outside the park is a small community that includes shopping, the ferry terminal, restaurants and a boat launch. The park is located in a residential neighbourhood, and is close to Rockridge Secondary and Caulfield Elementary School. Accessing the park by car is simple, as the park is located close to Highway 99, otherwise known as the Trans-Canada Highway, and therefore simple for travellers who do not

neg: Maxwell International School 2007, the Cowichan News Leader and Pictorial reported that the school was to close in June 2008. The school did close in 2008 leaving many of its students, faculty members and alumnus saddened. The school was directed to close by the National Spiritual Assembly of Canada after it was decided that the NSA could no longer afford to operate the school at such a large deficit. Initially the Parent Teachers Association put together a proposal to recreate the school as a private enterprise/corporation independent of the funds of the Baha'i Faith, however their attempts ultimately proved to be in vain.

neg: Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association In 2003 CSAA became a founding partner of the National Residential School Survivor Society, a national organization which provided a survivor advocacy voice during the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement process. In the following year the CSAA was selected by Indian Residential Schools Resolutions Canada to act as the Ontario site for the Alternative dispute resolution pilot project. From 2008 to 2014 the CSAA held the Ontario portion of the Health Canada health and cultural support worker contract in relating to the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement. This included providing health and cultural support services at community and commemoration events,

neg: St. John's Indian Residential School but due to illness Vice-Principal G.T. Snowden was appointed to take charge of the school. St. John's Indian Residential School The St. John's Indian Residential School, also known as the Chapleau Indian Residential School, was a Canadian Indian Residential School operated by the Anglican Church of Canada from 1907 to 1948 in Chapleau, Ontario. The original residential school in Chapleau was operated by the Anglican Diocese of Moosonee from 1907 to 1920. In 1920 the school's administration was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs. The school was built to accommodate 40 students, and in 1919 it was expanded

neg: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada) leadership removed Beyak from the Senate committee underscoring that her comments did not align with the views of the party. In August 2018, the Royal Canadian Geographical Society announced the release of the "Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada", an encyclopedia with content including information about indigenous lands, languages, communities, treaties, and cultures, and topics such as the Canadian Indian residential school system, racism, and cultural appropriation. It was created to address the Calls to Action, among them the development of "culturally appropriate curricula" for Aboriginal Canadian students. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC)

neg: Shingwauk Indian Residential School in the Collegiate Gothic style. The architecture of the Shingwauk building is almost identical to other residential schools across Canada - including the Indian Residential School in Edmonton, Alberta, the Kamloops Residential School, and the St. Paul's Indian Residential School - all built in the 1920s based on Orr's plans. The Shingwauk School was closed by the Department of Indian Affairs in June 1970. Algoma University College moved onto the Shingwauk site in 1971 and the Shingwauk Hall building is presently the main building of Algoma University. Until April 1, 1969 all iterations of the Shingwauk Residential School were operated

neg: Aboriginal Healing Foundation strategies in Indigenous communities in Canada that begin to address the impacts of the residential school system. The Foundation was initially provided with $350 million of funding from the Canadian government to care out this work with residential school survivors and Indigenous communities across Canada. The Foundation was designed as an organization to be responsible for the management of the Canada government's healing strategy related to residential schools. This strategy was part of the "Gathering Strength, Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan" established by the federal government on January 7, 1998. The original mandate of the Foundation was set to end on

neg: Education in Ontario which spanned Canada. Notably, Egerton Ryerson, who is often celebrated for creating the free public education system in Ontario, was also a key architect of the residential school system. Many residential schools in Ontario were located in the North where Indigenous communities had either been forcibly relocated or pushed by encroaching colonists. However, the schools existed across the province. Increased attention has been brought to this suppressed history by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada which resulted from the settlement of a class action lawsuit between the Government of Canada, residential school survivors, churches involved in running the schools,

neg: Belvedere, Edmonton Belvedere, Edmonton Belvedere is a residential neighbourhood in north east Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is located on the west side of the Canadian National Railway right of way close to the Belvedere LRT station. The neighbourhood is triangle-shaped with the railway right of way along the south east side, 137 Avenue on the north, and 66 Avenue on the west. Fort Road cuts through the neighbourhood close to the south east boundary. The neighbourhood is surrounded by a mixture of residential neighbourhoods and industrial and commercial neighbourhoods. Residential neighbourhoods are York to the north, Clareview Town Centre to the northeast,

neg: First Nations children attended federal day schools, and about a third received no schooling at all. It is however the residential school system that receives much of the blame for the various problems and challenges facing Canada's indigenous people today. During the years in which the residential schools operated, they were regarded by most Canadians as a sensible and beneficial solution to native education, and in some cases, Aboriginal communities specifically requested that a residential school be built. When the system began to closing down in the 1960s, a significant number of communities asked that their school remain open. The last Canadian

neg: St. Michael’s Indian Residential School (Alert Bay) St. Michael’s Indian Residential School (Alert Bay) St. Michael’s Indian Residential School (1929–1975) in Alert Bay, British Columbia, and sometimes referred to as Alert Bay Residential School, was a Canadian residential school operated by the Anglican Church of Canada for First Nations children in the 20th Century. The first residential school in Alert Bay was built in 1882. St. Michael's was constructed in 1929 as a regional facility to serve aboriginal communities from Campbell River to Prince Rupert, British Columbia and closed in 1975. It was built at a cost of about $250,000 by the federal Department of Indian Affairs

neg: Abraham Anghik Ruben 14 siblings sent to the residential school in Aklavik. David and Martha did not see their family again until 1958. Ruben represented the traumatic 1955 experience through his mother's eyes in his 2001 sculpture entitled "The Last Goodbye". In 1959, Ruben, his siblings and cousins were sent to the residential school, Grollier Hall, in Inuvik where he remained until 1970. In the summer of 1971 Ruben began his formal studies in art under the guidance of Ronald (Ron) Senungetuk, an Iñupiaq artist and art educator, who was head of the Native Arts Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. At

neg: Shubenacadie Indian Residential School Canada. In 1982, the first Mi’kmaq operated school opened in Nova Scotia. By 1997, all education for Mi’kmaq on reserves were given the responsibility for their own education. There are now 11 band run schools in Nova Scotia. Now Nova Scotia has the highest rate of retention of aboriginal students in schools in the country. More than half the teachers are Mi’kmaq. From 2011 to 2012 there was a 25% increase of Mi’kmaq students going to university. Atlantic Canada has the highest rate of aboriginal students attending university in the country. Shubenacadie Indian Residential School The Shubenacadie Indian Residential School

neg: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada) Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was a truth and reconciliation commission organized by the parties of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. The Commission was officially established on June 2, 2008 with the purpose of documenting the history and impacts of the Indian residential school. It provided former residential school attendees an opportunity to share their experiences during public and private meetings held across the country. In June 2015, the TRC released an Executive Summary of its findings along with 94 "calls to action" regarding reconciliation between Canadians and Indigenous peoples. The

neg: Manfred Günther Health Sciences at famed Professor Dieter Kleiber’s institute. In 1977, Günther became the director of a private residential treatment centre (therapeutic boarding school). In 1979, he discovered Sam Ferrainola's Camp, namely the Glen Mills Schools close to Philadelphia, discussed this with Howard W. Polsky in New York City. and got internships 1980 in Boston's famous counseling-team "Bridge Over Troubled Waters" and in the very special "Robert White School". While travelling he inspected other psychosocial projects in countries like Denmark, Ukraine (USSR), Canada, Italy (and after 1990 in Hungary). After that, feeling inspired, Manfred founded and took charge of a consultancy

neg: Searles High School (Great Barrington, Massachusetts) West Stockbridge. They created the Berkshire Hills Regional School District, and planning began for their primary and secondary schools to be located on adjoining campuses in Great Barrington. The district offices would be located in Stockbridge. The regionalization agreement united long-time sports rivals Searles High School and Williams High School into one student body. The last class to graduate from Searles High School was in June 1967. The school did not actually close until April 1968, when the senior and junior classes moved to the newly completed Monument Mountain Regional High School in Great Barrington near the Stockbridge town line.

neg: Saint John's School of Alberta shovelling walks in winter, yardwork in spring and fall, cleaning the kitchen, dining room, and laundry (using the machines, sorting,and distributing). The school had 60 students from grades 7 to 12 when it closed, down from the 106 boys capacity. Tuition fees as listed on the school's website ranged from about $9,000 for day students to $23,000 for residential students. In 2007–08, 80% of the enrollment was residential. The school was run by a religious order called the Company of the Cross, which was a lay order of the Anglican Church of Canada, but the relationship to the church is

neg: School District 53 Okanagan Similkameen Victoria Day Weekend and featuring hobby horse barrel racing. The village of Keremeos is home to Similkameen Elementary Secondary School (S.E.S.S.), which holds students from Grades 5 to 12, with the principal being Naren Searcy. Hedley did have a Kindergarten to Grade 4 school of its own until January 2008, when the Okanagan Similkameen district voted four to two to close the school. Linda Thiel was the last principal of Hedley Elementary School and oversaw its closure. In addition to the schools of the lower Similkameen, the southern Okanagan holds seven of the ten schools part of the district, as

neg: British Columbia Penitentiary Canada announced that British Columbia Penitentiary would close. Inmates were gradually transferred to Kent Institution, with the last inmate leaving on February 15, 1980. For two weeks in May, 1980, the prison was opened to the public for the first time; over 80,000 attended the open house. Although BC Penitentiary had opened with no ceremony or fanfare whatever 102 years earlier, a formal ceremony, attended by various dignitaries, was held to mark its closing on May 10, 1980. Most of the buildings on the former BC Pen site have been demolished and replaced by residential housing and parkland. Only four

neg: West End, Kamloops prominent early citizens, as demonstrated by the size and grandeur of many of the homes. While a number of more modern houses have encroached upon the neighbourhood's elegant atmosphere, wood-panelled and stucco homes remain the norm. The neighbourhood is located close to a number of significant Kamloops buildings, including the Old Courthouse, Sacred Heart Cathedral, St. Andrew's on the Square, Stuart Wood Elementary School (the city's first school), the Kamloops Museum and Archives and St. Ann's Academy. West End, Kamloops The West End is a South Shore neighbourhood of Kamloops, British Columbia in Canada. It is the city's oldest residential

neg: James Bay, Greater Victoria are reported by the University of Victoria School-based weather station located at James Bay elementary school on Oswego Street. City parks in the James Bay neighbourhood include: The James Bay neighbourhood has many historical landmarks and a number of tourist attractions: James Bay, Greater Victoria James Bay is a high density neighbourhood of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is the oldest residential neighbourhood on the West coast of North America that is north of San Francisco. James Bay occupies the south side of the Inner Harbour close to downtown. Access to the neighbourhood is along Belleville Street, Government Street, Douglas

neg: Jackson Beardy he did not speak English. Beardy quickly distanced himself from the forced nature of education that all Indigenous peoples in that area underwent at the residential schools, and it was from these lessons that he began to assert his Indigenous culture. Beardy's reaction to the mental de-structuring process at the school was to become the school wit. It was at the residential school that he learned how to draw and paint. A kind school teacher, Mary Morris, encouraged Beardy's art and stayed in touch with Beardy after he left the school. When drawing at the school, he was not permitted

neg: Glossop Hall Close and Park Close. The original terraced gardens now form Manor Park. Glossop Hall Glossop Hall was the last residential building on the site of "Royle Hall" in Glossop, Derbyshire. Work started on the penultimate building around 1730 and it was used as a hunting lodge by Phillipa Howard, daughter of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, and her husband. The building as shown was only used for part of the year. Rebuilt around 1870 by Lord Howard of Glossop and sold to the council in 1924 it became Kingsmoor School and was eventually demolished around 1950. The house lies

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system IRSSA by the courts of the provinces and territories of Canada, an "opt-out" period occurred. During this time, the former students of residential schools could reject the agreement if they did not agree with its dispositions. This opt-out period ended on August 20, 2007, with about 350 former students opting out. The IRSSA was the largest class action settlement in Canadian history. By December 2012, a total of $1.62billion was paid to 78,750 former students, 98 per cent of the 80,000 who were eligible. In 2014, the IRSSA funds left over from CEPs were offered for educational credits for survivors

neg: Shingwauk Indian Residential School Algoma. The building was operated as a shelter from 1912-1955. In 1935 the new Shingwauk Hall opened on the Shingwauk site, immediately behind the old building. This new building was designed for 140 students and contained many modern conveniences such as running water and electricity that the old Shingwauk Home did not have. New Shingwauk Hall was designed by Roland Gurney Orr the Chief Architect for the Department of Indian Affairs, the building was built in an industrial style that was replicated in many residential schools and government building across Canada. Many of Orr's buildings, including Shingwauk Hall were designed

neg: Tom Lodge Fanshawe College London, Ontario, Canada, called "Creative Electronics", which after two years he made into Music Industry Arts, a training program for recording engineers and record producers, and is still operating at Fanshawe College. Tom Sr although resigned from radio, continued to contribute to his son Tom Jr's weekly radio Caroline show when he was able, also he did 2 last shows for his beloved Radio Caroline, one being his personal history of Radio Caroline and the music that was integral to it, the other being a close look at the history and importance of the lead guitar, playing the

neg: Lake Forest High School (Illinois) with 2 sets of bleachers. Because the school is situated very close to residential areas, the City of Lake Forest does not permit the school's football team to use floodlights, effectively prohibiting night games; however, in 2006, the city did allow the school to rent lights for a one-time night game. A 2007 referendum relocated the school's football facilities to the school's west campus, where the use of floodlights is not prohibited. The referendum passed by an overwhelming 2/3 majority, and renovations took place in two phases. The first phase, completed during the 2007/2008 school year, included the addition of

neg: Paulatuk group of traditional Inuvialuit dancers. They have performed in Canada, the United States, Greenland, and Germany, and are led by Michael “Nolan” Green. Green also served as a hamlet councillor and received a Canada Youth Award in 2002. Abraham Anghik Ruben was born south of Paulatuk in 1951 and lived on the land with his family until he was eight years old. He currently lives on Salt Spring Island. His 2001 sculpture "The Last Goodbye" reflects Ruben and his brothers' experiences of being separated from their family by Canada's residential school system. Ruben writes, Abraham Anghik Ruben became an Officer

neg: Pelican Lake Indian Residential School administrators as a way to promote the school. In 1978, the Pelican Lake Residential School was torn down. Today in its place sits the Pelican Falls First Nations High School and Centre (PFFNHS). PFFNHS services students from 24 First Nation Communities and is controlled by local First Nations. In 2004, the "Pelican Residential School Monument and Memorial Garden" was opened. The monument was funded by both the Aboriginal Healing Fund, and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. The opening took place at the Pelican Residential School Monument and Memorial Garden Opening and Healing Conference. The conference was a

neg: History of the Squamish people population, although it wouldn't be until later that the population dropped to below 300. Like many Indigenous communities across Canada, the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh also have a history of residential schools. The one residential school for was St. Paul’s Indian Residential School in North Vancouver. Some children were also forced to attend school in Sechelt. Some children would attend the school for 10 years at time. The children would be at the school 10 out or 12 months, seeing their parents of grandparents during the summer. Recently many elders are taking the Residential School package being offered by the Federal government. At

neg: Shingwauk Indian Residential School school officially opened on August 2, 1875 to 50 students. The school did not have running water or electricity. This building was replaced by the New Shingwauk Hall in 1935. The Shingwauk Home building was not designed to accommodate both male and female students. As a result the Wawanosh Home, a separate girls residential school was established 5 km away in Sault Ste. Marie. The school opened in 1877 with an initial enrollment of ten female students. Construction continued on the Wawanosh Home until 1879 when the school was opened in earnest and enrollment increased to 15 students. The government

neg: Trenton, Nova Scotia significant economic turmoil in recent decades as the local economy transitions from industrial to post-industrial. Rural depopulation in Canada has affected Pictou County and Trenton has witnessed the loss of numerous institutions and businesses over the years. These include: 5 schools, a movie theatre, doctors' offices, many businesses, and several industries. The town has very few local services, relying on the growing commercial district in neighbouring New Glasgow; it has recently seen its last bank branch and gas station close. With the town's residential and commercial tax base in decline, finances are strained for maintaining existing services and it is

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system Canadian Indian residential school system In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples. The network was funded by the Canadian government's Department of Indian Affairs and administered by Christian churches. The school system was created for the purpose of removing children from the influence of their own culture and assimilating them into the dominant Canadian culture. Over the course of the system's more than hundred-year existence, about 30 per cent of Indigenous children (around 150,000) were placed in residential schools nationally. The number of school-related deaths remains unknown due to an incomplete

neg: St. John's Indian Residential School missing children residential school cemetery project, archeologists identified 42 grave sites in the cemetery associated with the newer St. John's Residential School building that operated from 1920 to 1948. Students came to St. John's School largely from the Diocese of Moosonee region, including New Bruniswick House, Chapleau Cree, Missanabie Cree First Nation, Fort Albany, Fort Frances, and Six Nations, Nipigon. As at residential schools across Canada, students at St. John's were forbidden from speaking their traditional Indigenous languages, and harsh punishments were used. Students attended school on a half-day system. From April 1 to June 30, 1908, seven students out

neg: Shirley Fletcher Horn Shirley Fletcher Horn Shirley Fletcher Horn is the first chancellor of Algoma University. Born in Chapleau, Ontario Horn attended the St. John's Indian Residential School (Chapleau, Ontario) and the Shingwauk Indian Residential School (Sault Ste Marie, Ontario). She is well known for her advocacy work relating to the legacy of residential schools in Canada. She is a member of Missanabie Cree First Nation and she served as Missanabie's Chief for six years. Horn was taken from her family home at the age of five and sent to the St. John's Indian Residential School in Chapleau, Ontario. She attended that school

neg: Andy Russell (Canadian author) in issues of environmental management. However, he did continue to express interest in land use in the foothills region of southwestern Alberta. His influence among conservationist and environmentalists continued. In 2000, he hosted representatives from the Nature Conservancy of Canada and several other organizations at Hawk's Nest, his home on Indian Springs Ridge near the northeastern boundary of Waterton Lakes National Park. Their purpose was to combine their resources and influence to ensure that the surrounding area would not be subdivided into recreational residential properties. Russell's career came to a close with his death on June 1, 2005. As an

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system Canada. Following the meeting, the Vatican released an official expression of sorrow on the church's role in residential schools: His Holiness [i.e. the Pope] recalled that since the earliest days of her presence in Canada, the Church, particularly through her missionary personnel, has closely accompanied the Indigenous peoples. Given the sufferings that some Indigenous children experienced in the Canadian Residential School system, the Holy Father expressed his sorrow at the anguish caused by the deplorable conduct of some members of the Church and he offered his sympathy and prayerful solidarity. His Holiness emphasized that acts of abuse cannot be tolerated

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system than adults, was the best way to influence cultural change. Residential schools focused on imparting industry and knowledge were proposed again in 1845 in a report that had been commissioned by Governor General Charles Bagot, entitled "Report on the affairs of the Indians in Canada". Referred to as the Bagot Report, it is seen as the foundational document for the federal residential school system. It was supported by James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, who had been impressed by industrial schools in the West Indies, and Egerton Ryerson, who was then the Chief Superintendent of Education in Upper Canada. On

neg: West Jasper Place, Edmonton serve the transit centre: School special routes that arrive/depart from Jasper Place Transit Centre include routes: 706, 708, 802, 808 and 819. Adjacent neighbourhoods are Crestwood, Parkview, Sherwood, Meadowlark Park, Glenwood, Britannia-Youngstown, Canora and Grovenor. These are all residential neighbourhoods. West Jasper Place, Edmonton West Jasper Place is a residential neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Originally part of the Town of Jasper Place, West Jasper Place became a part of Edmonton when Edmonton and Jasper Place amalgamated on August 17, 1964. While most of the neighbourhood is residential, there is some commercial development, with most of this adjacent to

neg: Amagasaki derailment was going too fast. And when the driver did notice it, four seconds before the derailment, he used the service brake, instead of the emergency brake, to avoid another infraction, since use of the emergency brake had to be justified. Japanese building codes do not regulate the distance between train lines and residential buildings due to high confidence in the engineering of the rail system. Railway lines often pass close to residential buildings in metropolitan areas. Amongst other things, the Ministry of Land and Transportation asked all railway companies to update their automatic stopping systems so that trains brake automatically

neg: Kulosaari Secondary School incorporated as a private limited company, and remains privately owned. When secondary education in Finland was reformed in the 1970s and 1980s, as part of which many private schools were nationalised, Kulosaari managed to retain its independence despite facing strong political pressure and many attempts to either close it down or take it under local authority control. The school operated originally from a residential building called 'Domus' near the present site, until 1955 when its own purpose-built facilities, designed by architect , were completed. The original school building is based around a central auditorium. Over the years the school has

neg: Pelican Lake Indian Residential School their families and brought to the school when they were six years old and stayed until they were twelve. When it first opened, the school was a half-day in the classroom, and half-day doing general labor. This labor was gendered with young boys doing physical labour such as carpentry and the girls doing more domestic tasks such as laundry and cooking. In 1947 the school transitioned to a full day school system. As documented by the Church itself, the conditions of the school were poor. In 1946 the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada set up an Indian

neg: Shubenacadie Indian Residential School Shubenacadie Indian Residential School The Shubenacadie Indian Residential School was part of the Canadian Indian residential school system and was located in Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia. It was the only one in Atlantic Canada and children from across the region were placed in the institution. The schools were funded through Indian Affairs and the Catholic Church. The institution was like an orphanage, which were the forerunners of contemporary child protection and welfare services. The first children arrived on February 5, 1930 and the institution was closed after 37 years on June 22, 1967. Approximately 10% of Mi'kmaq children lived at the

neg: St. Mary's Indian Residential School St. Mary's Indian Residential School St. Mary's Indian Residential School was the name of two Indian residential schools in Mission, British Columbia. The first was operated by the Roman Catholic Church of Canada, and the second was operated by the Canadian federal government. Approximately 2,000 children attended the schools while they were in operation, most of them , many of whom reported experiences that were abusive. However, despite the numerous personal accounts of students who suffered abuse at the school, there is no acknowledgement of this on any of the plaques at the site. St. Mary's was initially opened by

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system and preservation of traditional languages would ensure that, despite the closure of resident schools, the eradication of Indigenous culture desired by government officials and administrators would inevitably be fulfilled "through a process systemic neglect". Acknowledgment of the wrongs done by the residential school system began in the 1980s. In 1986, at its 31st General Council, the United Church of Canada responded to the request of Indigenous peoples that it apologize to them for its part in colonization and in 1998 apologized expressly for the role it played in the residential school system. Archbishop Michael Peers apologized to residential school survivors,

neg: Lender of last resort the requisite institutions did not exist, or the authorities did not understand the proper actions to take. Most countries developed an effective LLR mechanism by the last one-third of the nineteenth century. The U.S. was the principal exception. Some public authority must provide the lender of last resort function... Such an authority does not have to be a central bank. This is evident from the experience of Canada and other countries." Wood compares the reaction of central banks to different crises in England, France, and Italy. When a lender of last resort existed, panics did not turn into crises. When

neg: Prince Albert Indian Residential School St. Albans Indian Residential School operated from 1944 to 1951 when it was amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School. St. Albans replaced the St. Barnabas Indian Residential School at Onion Lake which opened in 1893 and the 1922 building was destroyed by fire in 1943. All Saints Indian Residential School operated from 1948 until 1951 when it was amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School. All Saints was previously located in La Ronge, Saskatchewan from 1906 to 1947. Its staff and students were moved to Prince Albert when the school was

neg: Lodi colony Lodi colony Lodi Colony (Hindi:लोधी कालोनी], Urdu:لودی کالونی) is a Central Government Officers and Staff Residential Colony in South Central part of New Delhi, built in the 1940s, and lies close to Lodi Road. Built in 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodi Estate area. it was the last residential areas built during the British Raj. It is one of the cleanest, greenest and quietest residential areas in New Delhi, making it an excellent living area, and the last attribute 'Quietest', makes this Colony an outstanding place for the children and students. To

neg: Indigenous peoples in Canada Canada signed in 1949 and passed through Parliament in 1952. The residential school system that removed Aboriginal children from their homes has led scholars to believe that Canada can be tried in international court for genocide. A legal case resulted in settlement of 2 billion C$ in 2006 and the 2008 establishment of a truth and reconciliation commission which confirmed the injurious effect on children of this system and turmoil created between Aboriginal Canadians and Canadian Society. In 2008 Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued an apology on behalf of the Canadian government and its citizens for the residential school system.

neg: Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre Schools Centre staff member Michelle McMillian designed a modern take on the classic crane logo. The logo created by McMillian is still currently in use by the Centre. The Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre contains archival material relating to the history of residential schools across Canada, Indigenous organizations, Indigenous artists, and organizations engaged in healing and reconciliation work. The archives include residential school administrative records, photographs, school newsletters, church publications, staff correspondence, artifacts and artwork created by students during and following their time in residential schools, and other material. In August 2018, the Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre in partnership with Algoma

neg: Don Mills station Don Mills station Don Mills is a subway station, which is the eastern terminus of Line 4 Sheppard in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station is located at the northeast corner of Sheppard Avenue East and Don Mills Road, within the residential communities of Don Valley Village and Henry Farm, adjacent to Fairview Mall shopping centre. The station is located close to the Highway 401, Highway 404, and Don Valley Parkway. Other nearby landmarks include Fairview Mall, Georges Vanier Secondary School, and the Fairview district branch of the Toronto Public Library. The station opened in 2002 as part of the original

neg: Westmount, Edmonton vending machines but does not have public washrooms, park & ride, or a drop off area. The transit centre is served by Edmonton Transit System (ETS) and St. Albert Transit (StAT). The following bus routes serve the transit centre: School special routes that arrive/depart from Westmount Transit Centre include routes: 606, 607, 609, 610, 612, 635, 731, 757, 802, 819, 837, 840, 859, 913, 914 and 916. Westmount, Edmonton Westmount is an established central-west residential neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is geographically close to the downtown core. The neighbourhood is bounded by 111 Avenue to the north, Groat Road

neg: Crown College (Tacoma) College. These employees and some of their "significant" others, were under the impression that Crown College would close and allegedly falsified loan applications and received financial aid though they did not attend Crown. They allegedly figured that the loans would be discharged when the school closed. However, when the school did not close immediately, they allegedly falsified attendance records commensurate with the loans. On May 13, 2010, four former officers of the defunct school were indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of mail and financial aid fraud. The charges stem from the August 14, 2007 investigation. The indictment

neg: Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia volunteers. Shubenacadie was the location of the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School, a Canadian residential school, that was operated from 1923 to 1967 by two Roman Catholic orders, the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul and the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. This was the only Indian residential school in Atlantic Canada. The school building was destroyed in a fire in 1986 and today the property has been adapted for the Scotia Plastics factory. Nora Bernard, a Mi'kmaw activist, attended the school for five years. Later in life, she was directly responsible for what became the largest class action

neg: Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association at national Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada events, and as part of the Independent Assessment Process under the settlement agreement. In 2014 the Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association cut ties with this program and this work was taken over by Ontario Indian Residential Schools Support Services. In 2012 the CSAA in partnership with Shingwauk Kinoomaage Gamig launched the Charlie Hunter Scholarship fund for residential school descendants who are studying at Algoma University. The scholarship is in memory of Charlie Hunter, a student who passed away while at St. Anne's Indian Residential School. Charlie was buried at the residential school

neg: Canadian Indian residential school system November would be known as Treaties Recognition Week. On October 27, 2011, University of Manitoba president David Barnard apologized to the TRC for the institution's role in educating people who operated the residential school system. This is believed to be the first time a Canadian university has apologized for playing a role in residential schools. In 2009, Chief Fontaine had a private meeting with Pope Benedict XVI to obtain an apology for abuses that occurred in the residential school system. Fontaine was accompanied at the meeting by a delegation of Indigenous peoples from Canada funded by Indian and Northern Affairs

neg: St. Paul’s Indian Residential School and were often not permitted to visit other family members in the school. They were stripped of their culture and were abused as punishment for taking part in their own language or cultural traditions. There are many reports of physical, sexual and emotional abuse taking place in residential schools as well as documented homicides, sterilization, medical experimentation, malnutrition, and neglect. The fatality rate in residential schools consistently sat between 40-60% for the duration of their existence in Canada, deaths were often covered up as cases pneumonia, with most records of the victims since destroyed. The St Paul’s Indian Residential School

neg: Kanao Inouye his life in Canada as happy. His family nevertheless maintained close ties to Japan, where his grandfather, Chotahara Inouye, was a Member of Parliament in the House of Peers. After he graduated from Vancouver Technical School, Inouye's family urged him to go to Japan to continue his education. He did so in 1938 and was still there when World War II began. In 1942, Inouye was conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army as an interpreter. Made a sergeant, he was assigned to Sham Shui Po prison camp in Hong Kong, which housed Canadian prisoners of war from the Hong Kong

neg: Hill Brow Preparatory School for Boys new) M5 motorway over part of the school's sports field. However, rising costs, increasing government regulation and falling attendance were the most probable factors in the decision to close the school. In 1974, Somerset Court was occupied by the National Autistic Society, becoming one of its main facilities for the care of autistic adults. The buildings and grounds of Somerset Court remain much as they did in the 1950s apart from the addition of a number of extensions, workshops and residential buildings. As noted above, the construction of the M5 motorway cut off the northwest corner of the old school's