query: how many cores does a pentium 4 have

pos: Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Pentium 4 is a brand by Intel for an entire series of single-core CPUs for desktops, laptops and entry-level servers. The processors were shipped from November 20, 2000, until August 8, 2008. All Pentium 4 CPUs are based on the NetBurst architecture. The Pentium 4 "Willamette" (180 nm) introduced SSE2, while the "Prescott" (90 nm) introduced SSE3. Later versions introduced Hyper-Threading Technology (HTT). The first Pentium 4-branded processor to implement 64-bit was the "Prescott" (90 nm) (February 2004), but this feature was not enabled. Intel subsequently began selling 64-bit Pentium 4s using the ""E0" revision" of the Prescotts,

pos: Pentium D rendering, and ray-tracing. Single-threaded applications, including most older games, do not benefit much from a second core compared to an equally clocked single-core CPU. Nevertheless, the dual-core CPU is useful to run both the client and server processes of a game without noticeable lag in either thread, as each instance could be running on a different core. Furthermore, multi-threaded games benefit from dual-core CPUs. In 2008, many business applications were not optimized for multiple cores. They ran at similar speed when not multitasking on the Pentium D or older Pentium 4 branded CPUs at the same clock speed. However, in

pos: Pentium D utilized by Microsoft Windows and other operating systems, but was not publicly disclosed. While Intel admitted that there were some DRM technologies in the 945- and 955-series chipsets, it stated that the extent of the technologies was exaggerated, and that the technologies in question had been present in Intel's chipsets since the 875P. The last generation of Pentium D branded processors was Presler identified by the product code 80553, and made of two 65 nm-process cores found also in Pentium 4 branded Cedar Mill CPUs. "Presler" introduced the 'multi-chip module, or MCM, which consisted of two single-core dies placed next

pos: Pentium 4 Socket 775. A slight performance increase was achieved in late 2004 by increasing the bus speed from 800 MT/s to 1066 MT/s, resulting in a 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. By most metrics, this was on a per-clock basis the fastest single-core NetBurst processor that was ever produced, even outperforming many of its successor chips (not counting the dual-core Pentium D). Afterwards, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was migrated to the Prescott core. The new 3.73 GHz Extreme Edition had the same features as a 6x0-sequence Prescott 2M, but with a 1066 MT/s bus. In practice however, the 3.73

neg: LGA 775 have a distance of 75 mm. The Prescott and Cedar Mill Pentium 4 cores, as well as the Smithfield and Presler Pentium D cores, used the LGA 775 socket. In July 2006, Intel released the desktop processor Core 2 Duo (codenamed Conroe), which also uses this socket, as does the subsequent Core 2 Quad. Intel changed from Socket 478 to LGA 775 because the new pin type offers better power distribution to the processor, allowing the front-side bus to be raised to 1600 MT/s. The 'T' in Socket T was derived from the now cancelled Tejas core, which was to

neg: Pentium 4 80552) at frequencies from 3 GHz up to 3.6 GHz. Overclockers managed to exceed 8 GHz with these processors using liquid nitrogen cooling. To distinguish Cedar Mill cores from Prescott cores with the same features, Intel added 1 to their model numbers. Thus, Pentium 4 631, 641, 651 and 661 are 65 nm Cedar Mill microprocessors, while Pentium 630, 640, 650 and 660 respectively are their 90 nm Prescott equivalents. The name "Cedar Mill" refers to Cedar Mill, Oregon, an unincorporated community near Intel's Hillsboro, Oregon facilities. The original successor to the Pentium 4 was (codenamed) Tejas, which was scheduled

neg: Intel Core (microarchitecture) Both an L3 cache and Hyper-threading were reintroduced again to consumer line in the Nehalem microarchitecture. While the Core microarchitecture is a major architectural revision it is based in part on the Pentium M processor family designed by Intel Israel. The Penryn pipeline is 12–14 stages long — less than half of Prescott's, a signature feature of wide order execution cores. Penryn's successor, Nehalem borrowed more heavily from the Pentium 4 and has 20-24 pipeline stages. Core's execution unit is 4 issues wide, compared to the 3-issue cores of P6, Pentium M, and 2-issue cores of NetBurst microarchitectures. The new

neg: Pentium 4 virtual cores) under x86 by enabling multiple threads to be run at the same time on the same physical processor. By shuffling two (ideally differing) program instructions to simultaneously execute through a single physical processor core, the goal is to best utilize processor resources that would have otherwise been unused from the traditional approach of having these single instructions wait for each other to execute singularly through the core. This initial 3.06 GHz 533FSB Pentium 4 Hyper-Threading enabled processor was known as Pentium 4 HT and was introduced to mass market by Gateway in November 2002. On April 14, 2003,

neg: Pentium the Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 M, and Pentium III M. Dual-core versions of the Pentium M were developed under the code name "Yonah" and sold under the marketing names "Core Duo" and "Pentium Dual-Core". Unlike Pentium D, it integrated both cores on one chip. From this point, the Intel Core brand name was used for the mainstream Intel processors and the Pentium brand became a low-end version between Celeron and Core. All Pentium M based designs including Yonah are for the mobile market. The "Pentium Dual-Core" name continued to be used when the Yonah design was extended with 64-bit

neg: Pentium D over 4 GHz was possible with water cooling, and at this speed the "805" outperformed the top-of-the-line processors (May 2006) from both major CPU manufacturers (the AMD "Athlon 64 FX-60" and Intel "Pentium Extreme Edition 965") in many benchmarks including power consumption. The 805 and 820 models had a 95 watt TDP. All other models were rated at 130 watt. All "Smithfield" processors were made of two 90 nm Prescott cores, next to each other on a single die with 1 MB of Level 2 (L2) cache per core. Hyper-threading was disabled in all Pentium D 8xx-series "Smithfields" with the

neg: Intel Core (microarchitecture) with the preceding NetBurst microarchitecture of the Pentium 4/D-branded CPUs. The Core microarchitecture provides more efficient decoding stages, execution units, caches, and buses, reducing the power consumption of Core 2-branded CPUs while increasing their processing capacity. Intel's CPUs have varied widely in power consumption according to clock rate, architecture, and semiconductor process, shown in the CPU power dissipation tables. Like the last NetBurst CPUs, Core based processors feature multiple cores and hardware virtualization support (marketed as Intel VT-x), as well as Intel 64 and SSSE3. However, Core-based processors do not have the Hyper-Threading Technology found in Pentium 4 processors. This

neg: Conroe (microprocessor) 45 nm Wolfdale processor. The first Intel Core 2 Duo branded processor cores, code-named Conroe, were launched on July 27, 2006, at Fragapalooza, a yearly gaming event in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. These processors were fabricated on 300 mm wafers using a 65 nm manufacturing process, and intended for desktop computers, as a replacement for the Pentium 4 and Pentium D branded CPUs. Intel has claimed that Conroe provides 40% more performance at 40% less power compared to the Pentium D; the E6300, lowest end of the initial Conroe lineup, is able to match or even exceed the former flagship Pentium

neg: Celeron exhibited noticeably degraded performance. This has been the primary justification for the higher cost of other Intel CPU brands versus the Celeron range. Introduced in April 1998, the first Celeron branded CPU was based on the Pentium II. Subsequent Celeron branded CPUs were based on the Pentium III, Pentium 4, Pentium M, and Intel Core. The latest Celeron design () is based on the seventh generation Core i3/i5/i7 series (Kaby Lake). This design features independent processing cores (CPUs), but with only 66% as much cache memory as the comparable Core i3 offering. As a product concept, the Celeron was introduced

neg: P6 (microarchitecture) 1995, the immediate successor to the original Pentium design (P5). Some techniques first used in the x86 space in the P6 core include: The P6 architecture lasted three generations from the Pentium Pro to Pentium III, and was widely known for low power consumption, excellent integer performance, and relatively high instructions per cycle (IPC). The P6 line of processing cores was succeeded with the NetBurst (P68) architecture which appeared with the introduction of Pentium 4. This was a completely different design based on the use of very long pipelines that favoured high clock speed at the cost of lower IPC,

neg: Single-chip Cloud Computer centers, the cores are separated across the chip but are able to directly communicate with each other. The chip contains 48 P54C Pentium cores connected with a 4×6 2D-mesh. This mesh is a group of 24 tiles set up in four rows and six columns. Each tile contained two cores and a 16 KB (8 per core) message passing buffer (MPB) shared by the two cores, essentially a router. This router allows each core to communicate with each other. Previously cores had to send information back to the main memory and there it would be re-routed to other cores. The

neg: Intel Core 2 Intel Core 2 Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a multi-chip module. The introduction of Core 2 relegated the Pentium brand to the mid-range market, and reunified laptop and desktop CPU lines for marketing purposes under the same product name, which previously had been divided into the Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Pentium M brands. The "Core 2" brand was introduced on July

neg: Pentium the same as the Core i3 i3-5xx series. The L3 cache is also 1 MB less than in the Core i3-5xx series. The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture was released in the Pentium line on May 22, 2011. Currently, there exist Ivy Bridge models G2010, G2020, G2120, G2030, and G2130. All are dual core and have no hyper-threading or Turbo Boost. Several Haswell-based Pentium processors were released in 2013, among them the G3258 "Anniversary Edition", first released in 2014 by Intel to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the line. As with prior-generation Pentium processors, Haswell and Haswell Refresh-based parts have two cores

neg: Register file 512-bit ZMM registers for vector instruction storage, which can be as big as L2 cache. There are some other of Intel's x86 lines that don't have a register file in their internal design, Geode GX and Vortex86 and many embedded processors that aren't Pentium-compatible or reverse-engineered early 80x86 processors. Therefore, most of them don't have a register file for their decoders, but their GPRs are used individually. Pentium 4, on the other hand, does not have a register file for its decoder, as its x86 GPRs didn't exist within its structure, due to the introduction of a physical unified renaming

neg: Hyper-threading the Celeron (Covington, Mendocino, Coppermine and Tualatin-based) and the Pentium II Xeon and Pentium III Xeon models. Intel released the Nehalem (Core i7) in November 2008 in which hyper-threading made a return. The first generation Nehalem contained four cores and effectively scaled eight threads. Since then, both two- and six-core models have been released, scaling four and twelve threads respectively. Earlier Intel Atom cores were in-order processors, sometimes with hyper-threading ability, for low power mobile PCs and low-price desktop PCs. The Itanium 9300 launched with eight threads per processor (two threads per core) through enhanced hyper-threading technology. The next model,

neg: Microprocessor potential performance by the number of cores, if the software is designed to take advantage of more than one processor core. Some components, such as bus interface and cache, may be shared between cores. Because the cores are physically close to each other, they can communicate with each other much faster than separate (off-chip) processors in a multiprocessor system, which improves overall system performance. In 2001, IBM introduced the first commercial multi-core processor, the monolithic two-core POWER4. Personal computers did not receive multi-core processors until the 2005 introduction, of the two-core Intel Pentium D. The Pentium D, however, was not

neg: Performance Rating Pentium 4's clock speed beyond 3.4 GHz because of the enormous amount of heat generated by the already hot Prescott core processor when working at higher clock speeds. In response, Intel started exploring ways to improve the performance of its microprocessors in ways other than raising the clock speeds of the processors such as increasing the sizes of the processors' caches, using a P6 microarchitecture descendant in Pentium M CPUs and beyond, and using multiple processing cores in its processors. Because of the philosophy change, Intel now faces the challenge of making consumers compare its processors based on the PR

neg: Pentium 4 of transistor power leakage that began to occur as the die reached the 90 nm lithography and smaller. This new power leakage phenomenon, along with the standard thermal output, created cooling and clock scaling problems as clock speeds increased. Reacting to these unexpected obstacles, Intel attempted several core redesigns ("Prescott" most notably) and explored new manufacturing technologies, such as using multiple cores, increasing FSB speeds, increasing the cache size, and using a longer instruction pipeline along with higher clock speeds. These solutions failed, and from 2003 to 2005, Intel shifted development away from NetBurst to focus on the cooler-running Pentium

neg: Pentium high-end versions have since been named simply Xeon. As with Pentium III, there are both "Mobile Pentium 4" and "Pentium 4 M" processors for the laptop market, with Pentium 4 M denoting the more power-efficient versions. Enthusiast versions of the Pentium 4 with the highest clock rates were named "Pentium 4 Extreme Edition". The "Pentium D" was the first multi-core Pentium, integrating two Pentium 4 chips in one package and was available as the enthusiast "Pentium Extreme Edition". In 2003, Intel introduced a new processor based on the P6 microarchitecture named "Pentium M", which was much more power efficient than

neg: CPU cache may be a virtual hint match but physical tag mismatch, in which case the cache entry with the matching hint must be evicted so that cache accesses after the cache fill at this address will have just one hint match. Since virtual hints have fewer bits than virtual tags distinguishing them from one another, a virtually hinted cache suffers more conflict misses than a virtually tagged cache. Perhaps the ultimate reduction of virtual hints can be found in the Pentium 4 (Willamette and Northwood cores). In these processors the virtual hint is effectively two bits, and the cache is four-way

neg: Yonah (microprocessor) for high performance applications until the Yonah project succeeded in extracting higher performance from its lower-power design. The Intel Core Duo's inclusion of two highly efficient cores on one chip can provide better performance than a Mobile Pentium 4 core, and with much better power-efficiency. On July 27, 2006, Intel's Core 2 processors were released, which offered x86-64 compatibility and eventually displaced Yonah in production. Yonah (microprocessor) Yonah was the code name for (the core of) Intel's first generation of 65 nm process mobile microprocessors, based on the Banias/Dothan-core Pentium M microarchitecture. SIMD performance has been improved through the addition

neg: Larrabee (microarchitecture) applied to Larrabee-based products. Intel's SIGGRAPH 2008 paper describes cycle-accurate simulations (limitations of memory, caches and texture units was included) of Larrabee's projected performance. Graphs show how many 1 GHz Larrabee cores are required to maintain 60 frame/s at 1600×1200 resolution in several popular games. Roughly 25 cores are required for "Gears of War" with no antialiasing, 25 cores for F.E.A.R with 4× antialiasing, and 10 cores for "" with 4× antialiasing. Intel claimed that Larrabee would likely run faster than 1 GHz, so these numbers do not represent actual cores, rather virtual timeslices of such. Another graph shows that

neg: Slot 2 from 512 to 2048 KB and a full-speed off-die L2 cache (the Pentium 2 used cheaper third-party SRAM chips, running at 50% of CPU speed, to reduce cost). Because the design of the 242-lead Slot 1 connector did not support the full-speed L2 cache of the Xeon, an extended 330-lead connector was developed. This new connector, dubbed 'Slot 2', was used for Pentium II Xeon and the first two Pentium III Xeon cores, codenamed 'Tanner' and 'Cascades'. Slot 2 was finally replaced with the Socket 370 with the Pentium III Tualatin; some of the Tualatin Pentium IIIs were packaged as

neg: Hyper-threading the Itanium 9500 (Poulson), features a 12-wide issue architecture, with eight CPU cores with support for eight more virtual cores via hyper-threading. The Intel Xeon 5500 server chips also utilize two-way hyper-threading. According to Intel, the first hyper-threading implementation used only 5% more die area than the comparable non-hyperthreaded processor, but the performance was 15–30% better. Intel claims up to a 30% performance improvement compared with an otherwise identical, non-simultaneous multithreading Pentium 4. Tom's Hardware states: "In some cases a P4 running at 3.0 GHz with HT on can even beat a P4 running at 3.6 GHz with HT turned

neg: NetBurst (microarchitecture) a Prescott clocked above 3.8 GHz, along with a mobile version of the core clocked above 3.46 GHz. Intel also released a dual-core processor based on the NetBurst microarchitecture branded Pentium D. The first Pentium D core was codenamed "Smithfield", which is actually two Prescott cores in a single die, and later "Presler", which consists of two "Cedar Mill" cores on two separate dies ("Cedar Mill" being the 65 nm die-shrink of "Prescott"). Intel had Netburst based successors in development called Tejas and Jayhawk with between 40 and 50 pipeline stages, but ultimately decided to replace NetBurst with the Core

neg: Pentium 4 of range for the Athlon's EV6 bus. Hypothetically, EV6 could have achieved the same bandwidth numbers, but only at speeds unreachable at the time. Intel's higher bandwidth proved useful in benchmarks for streaming operations, and Intel marketing wisely capitalized on this as a tangible improvement over AMD's desktop processors. Northwood 2.4 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 2.8 GHz variants were released on May 21, 2003. A 3.2 GHz variant was launched on June 23, 2003 and the final 3.4 GHz version arrived on February 2, 2004. Overclocking early stepping Northwood cores yielded a startling phenomenon. While core voltage approaching 1.7 V

neg: Pentium 4 benchmark evaluations, the advantages of the NetBurst microarchitecture were unclear. With carefully optimized application code, the first Pentium 4s outperformed Intel's fastest Pentium III (clocked at 1.13 GHz at the time), as expected. But in legacy applications with many branching or x87 floating-point instructions, the Pentium 4 would merely match or run slower than its predecessor. Its main downfall was a shared unidirectional bus. The NetBurst microarchitecture consumed more power and emitted more heat than any previous Intel or AMD microarchitectures. As a result, the Pentium 4's introduction was met with mixed reviews: Developers disliked the Pentium 4, as it

neg: Branch predictor as well or it may be shared between all conditional jumps. The Intel Pentium MMX, Pentium II and Pentium III have local branch predictors with a local 4-bit history and a local pattern history table with 16 entries for each conditional jump. On the SPEC'89 benchmarks, very large local predictors saturate at 97.1% correct. A global branch predictor does not keep a separate history record for each conditional jump. Instead it keeps a shared history of all conditional jumps. The advantage of a shared history is that any correlation between different conditional jumps is part of making the predictions. The

neg: Pentium III lower-end versions, and the Xeon for high-end (server and workstation) derivatives. The Pentium III was eventually superseded by the Pentium 4, but its Tualatin core also served as the basis for the Pentium M CPUs, which used many ideas from the P6 microarchitecture. Subsequently, it was the Pentium M microarchitecture of Pentium M branded CPUs, and not the NetBurst found in Pentium 4 processors, that formed the basis for Intel's energy-efficient Core microarchitecture of CPUs branded Core 2, Pentium Dual-Core, Celeron (Core), and Xeon. The first Pentium III variant was the "Katmai" (Intel product code 80525). It was a further

neg: Register renaming In many ways, the story of out-of-order microarchitecture has been how these CAMs have been progressively eliminated. Small CAMs are useful; large CAMs are impractical. The P6 microarchitecture was the first microarchitecture by Intel to implement both out-of-order execution and register renaming. The P6 microarchitecture was used in Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium M, Core, and Core 2 microprocessors. The Cyrix M1, released on October 2, 1995, was the first x86 processor to use register renaming and out-of-order execution. Other x86 processors (such as NexGen Nx686 and AMD K5) released in 1996 also featured register renaming and out-of-order

neg: Pentium 4 it sold at a modest but respectable rate, handicapped somewhat by the requirement for relatively fast yet expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM (RDRAM). The Pentium III remained Intel's top selling processor line, with the Athlon also selling slightly better than the Pentium 4. While Intel bundled two RDRAM modules with each boxed Pentium 4, it did not facilitate Pentium 4 sales and was not considered a true solution by many. In January 2001, a still slower 1.3 GHz model was added to the range, but over the next twelve months, Intel gradually started reducing AMD's leadership in performance. In April 2001

neg: NForce4 4 does not have an on-board memory controller thus requiring Nvidia to include one in the chipset like in older nForce2. In addition to supporting Pentium 4 processors (with up to a 1066 MHz FSB) the chipset includes support for DDR2 SDRAM. Also like Nvidia's older chipsets, the MCP and SPP communicate through a Hypertransport link, in this case only at (1.6 GB/s. transfer rate) Apart from these differences, the nForce4 SLI Intel Edition shares the same features as the regular nForce4 SLI. An oddity of the Intel Edition is the fact that while it works with the Pentium D

neg: Pentium Dual-Core microarchitecture, which can clearly be seen when comparing the specification to the Pentium D, which is based on the NetBurst microarchitecture first introduced in the Pentium 4. Below the 2 or 4 MiB of shared-L2-cache-enabled Core 2 Duo, the desktop Pentium Dual-Core has 1 or 2 MiB of shared L2 Cache. In contrast, the Pentium D processors have either 2 or 4 MiB of non-shared L2 cache. Additionally, the fastest-clocked Pentium D has a factory boundary of 3.73 GHz, while the fastest-clocked desktop Pentium Dual-Core reaches 3.2 GHz. A major difference among these processors is that the desktop Pentium Dual

neg: Slot 1 connector was rotated 180 degrees on Slot A motherboards. With the new Slot 1, Intel added support for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP). A maximum of two Pentium II or Pentium III CPUs can be used in a dual slot motherboard. The Celeron does not have official SMP support. There are also converter cards, known as Slotkets, which hold a Socket 8 so that a Pentium Pro CPU can be used with Slot 1 motherboards. These specific converters, however, are rare. Another kind of slotket allows using a Socket 370 CPU in a Slot 1. Many of these latter devices are equipped

neg: QorIQ control planes of telecommunication systems and their data plane. For instance, when 4 or 8 cores are used, such as the P4080, in order to achieve millions of Packet Processing per seconds, the system does not scale with "regular software stack" because so many cores require a different system design. In order to restore simplicity and still get the highest level of performance, the telecommunication systems are based on a segregation of the cores. Some cores are used for the control plane while some others are used for a re-designed data plane based on a Fast Path. Freescale has partnered

neg: Hyper-threading was not advanced enough to allow for a cost-effective implementation. Intel implemented hyper-threading on an x86 architecture processor in 2002 with the Foster MP-based Xeon. It was also included on the 3.06 GHz Northwood-based Pentium 4 in the same year, and then remained as a feature in every Pentium 4 HT, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition and Pentium Extreme Edition processor since. Previous generations of Intel's processors based on the Core microarchitecture do not have Hyper-Threading, because the Core microarchitecture is a descendant of the P6 microarchitecture used in iterations of Pentium since the Pentium Pro through the Pentium III and

neg: Megahertz myth is also a major factor of observed speed. The myth of the importance of clock rate has confused many people as to how they judge the speed of a computer system. Comparisons between PowerPC and Pentium had become a staple of Apple presentations. At the New York City Macworld Expo "Keynote" on July 18, 2001, Steve Jobs described an 867 MHz G4 as completing a task in 45 seconds while a 1.7 GHz Pentium 4 took 82 seconds for the same task, saying that "the name that we've given it is the megahertz myth". He then introduced senior hardware VP

neg: Clarkdale (microprocessor) i5-6xx, but has support for the integrated graphics disabled. Importantly, although the memory controller in Clarkdale processors is on-package, it is on a separate die from the CPU cores, and thus has increased latency compared to processor architectures which integrate it on-die with the main CPU cores. Clarkdale (microprocessor) Clarkdale is the code name for an Intel processor, initially sold as desktop Intel Core i5 and Core i3 and Pentium. It is closely related to the mobile Arrandale processor; both use dual-core dies based on the Westmere 32 nm die shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture, and have integrated Graphics as

neg: Xeon G6000 Pentium series. A single model was released in March 2010, the Xeon L3406. Compared to all other Clarkdale-based products, this one does not support integrated graphics, but has a much lower thermal design power of just 30 W. Compared to the Lynnfield-based Xeon 3400 models, it only offers two cores. Bloomfield is the codename for the successor to the Xeon Core microarchitecture, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn. The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008.

neg: Samsung Galaxy Note 4 (pixels-per-inch). The Note 4 comes in two variants, one powered by a 2.7 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 805 chipset with Adreno 420 GPU, the other powered by Samsung’s ARMv8-A Exynos 7 Octa SoC with two clusters of four cores; four Cortex-A57 cores at 1.9 GHz, and four Cortex-A53 cores at 1.3 GHz, which is the same processor cluster sold for the Samsung Galaxy Note 3 in markets that mostly use or only have 3G (such as HSUPA and HSPA), and/or '2G', such as unaltered GSM and CDMA networks, similar to how the Galaxy Note 3 is sold. The phone has metal

neg: NetBurst (microarchitecture) in the "Gallatin" core of Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, but was oddly missing from "Prescott 2M" core of the same brand. NetBurst (microarchitecture) The NetBurst microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel, was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of CPUs made by Intel. The first CPU to use this architecture was the "Willamette"-core Pentium 4, released on November 20, 2000 and the first of the Pentium 4 CPUs; all subsequent Pentium 4 and Pentium D variants have also been based on NetBurst. In mid-2004, Intel released the "Foster" core, which was also based on NetBurst, thus switching

neg: NetBurst (microarchitecture) NetBurst (microarchitecture) The NetBurst microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel, was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of CPUs made by Intel. The first CPU to use this architecture was the "Willamette"-core Pentium 4, released on November 20, 2000 and the first of the Pentium 4 CPUs; all subsequent Pentium 4 and Pentium D variants have also been based on NetBurst. In mid-2004, Intel released the "Foster" core, which was also based on NetBurst, thus switching the Xeon CPUs to the new architecture as well. Pentium 4-based Celeron CPUs also use the NetBurst architecture. NetBurst was replaced

neg: Lubuntu until April 2019. It is the second Lubuntu LTS version, preceded by 14.04 in April 2014. This release retains the LXDE desktop and did not make the transition to LXQt, to allow LXQt to be better tested in later non-LTS releases. This release is too large a file to fit on a CD and requires a DVD or USB flash drive installation. Lubuntu 16.04 LTS is primarily a bug-fix release and includes few new features. It does have updated artwork, however. The system requirements include 512 MB of RAM (1 GB recommended) and a Pentium 4, Pentium M, AMD K8

neg: Pentium 4 the Pentium 4-M had a maximum thermal junction temperature rating of 100 degrees C, approximately 40 degrees higher than the desktop Pentium 4. The "Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor" was released to address the problem of putting a full desktop Pentium 4 processor into a laptop, which some manufacturers were doing. The Mobile Pentium 4 used a 533 MT/s FSB, following the desktop Pentium 4's evolution. Oddly, increasing the bus speed by 133 MT/s (33 MHz) caused a massive increase in TDPs, as mobile Pentium 4 processors emitted 59.8–70 W of heat, with the Hyper-Threading variants emitting 66.1–88 W. This

neg: 3 GB barrier allow use of Physical Address Extension (PAE) mode on x86 to access more than 4 GB of RAM. Whatever the actual position of the "barrier", there is no code in operating system software nor any hardware architectural limit that directly imposes it. Rather, the "barrier" is the result of interactions between several aspects of both. Many 32-bit computers have 32 physical address bits and are thus limited to are limited to 4 GB (2 words) of memory. x86 processors prior to the Pentium Pro have 32 or fewer physical address bits; however, most x86 processors since the Pentium Pro, which

neg: Pentium M the Pentium M into smaller notebooks. Although Intel has marketed the Pentium M exclusively as a mobile product, motherboard manufacturers such as AOpen, DFI and MSI have been shipping Pentium M compatible boards designed for enthusiast, HTPC, workstation and server applications. An adapter, the CT-479, has also been developed by ASUS to allow the use of Pentium M processors in selected ASUS motherboards designed for Socket 478 Pentium 4 processors. Shuttle Inc. offers packaged Pentium M desktops, marketed for low energy consumption and minimal cooling system noise. Pentium M processors are also of interest to embedded systems' manufacturers because the

neg: Megahertz myth the Pentium 4 and Pentium D. In the succeeding years after the demise of the NetBurst microarchitecure and its 3+ GHz CPUs, microprocessor clock speeds kept slowly increasing after initially dropping by about 1 GHz. Several years' advances in manufacturing processes and power management (specifically, the ability to set clock speeds on a per-core basis) allowed for clock speeds as high or higher than the old NetBurst Pentium 4s and Pentium Ds but with much higher efficiency and performance. As of 2018, many Intel microprocessors are able to exceed a base clock speed of 4 GHz (Intel Core i7-7700K and

neg: Apple's transition to Intel processors later versions of Boot Camp allow Vista to be installed on any Intel Mac. Intel was seen among the Mac community as a purveyor of hot-running chips (especially the Pentium 4). Apple themselves mocked the Pentium range in their "Toasted Bunnies" advertisements of the late 1990s. However, the Pentium M chips, which were designed for laptop use, run much cooler than the Pentium 4. Apple claimed the then-new Intel Core chips, which are based on the Pentium M microarchitecture, would have dramatically better performance per watt than the PowerPC G4 and G5. Finally, the relative quality of the x86 architecture

neg: Pentium 4 NetBurst microarchitectures, Intel could not market Willamette as a Pentium III, so it was marketed as the Pentium 4. On November 20, 2000, Intel released the Willamette-based Pentium 4 clocked at 1.4 and 1.5 GHz. Most industry experts regarded the initial release as a stopgap product, introduced before it was truly ready. According to these experts, the Pentium 4 was released because the competing Thunderbird-based AMD Athlon was outperforming the aging Pentium III, and further improvements to the Pentium III were not yet possible. This Pentium 4 was produced using a 180 nm process and initially used Socket 423 (also

neg: Pentium 4 There was the Pentium III mobile chip, the Mobile Pentium 4-M, the Mobile Pentium 4, and then just the Pentium M which itself was based on the Pentium III and significantly faster than the former three. Its TDP is about 35 watts in most applications. This lowered power consumption was due to lowered core voltage, and other features mentioned previously. Unlike the desktop Pentium 4, the Pentium 4-M did not feature an integrated heat spreader (IHS), and it operates at a lower voltage. The lower voltage means lower power consumption, and in turn less heat. However, according to Intel specifications,

neg: Macintosh hardware the range Power Macintosh G5 uses up to two dual core processors, for a total of four cores. On June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs announced that the company would begin transitioning the Macintosh line from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors (the transition was completed on August 7, 2006) and demonstrated a version of Mac OS X running on a computer powered by an Intel Pentium 4 CPU. Intel-powered Macs are able to run Macintosh software compiled for PowerPC processors using a dynamic translation system known as “Rosetta.” From OS 10.7 on, Rosetta is not an option. The first Macs with Intel

neg: Pentium 4 code names Smithfield and Presler for the 90 nm and 65 nm parts respectively. The actual successor to the Pentium 4 brand is the Intel Core 2 brand, released on July 27, 2006. The underlying microarchitecture is the Core microarchitecture, and the first chips implementing it (in 65 nm) are called "Conroe". Intel Core 2 processors have been released as single, dual and quad core processors. The quad-core being composed of 2 dice. Processors implementing the Core microarchitecture were marketed under the "Core 2"-brand, because processors based on the Yonah-microarchitecture had already been marketed under the Core-brand. Pentium 4 Pentium

neg: Pentium M efficiency, a vital characteristic for extending notebook computer battery life. Running with very low average power consumption and much lower heat output than desktop processors, the Pentium M runs at a lower clock speed than the laptop version of the Pentium 4 (The Pentium 4-Mobile, or P4-M), but with similar performance - a 1.6 GHz Pentium M can typically attain or even surpass the performance of a 2.4 GHz Pentium 4-M. The Pentium M 740 has been tested to perform up to approximately 7,400 MIPS and 3.9 GFLOPS (using SSE2). The Pentium M coupled the execution core of the Pentium

neg: BMDFM of architectural aspects have to be simultaneously addressed in order to achieve high performance. Recent commodity SMP machines for technical computing can have many tightly coupled cores (good examples are SMP machines based on Intel multi-core processors or IBM POWER multi-core processors). The number of cores per SMP node probably will be doubling next couple of years according to the unveiled plans of computer manufacturing companies. Multi-cores are intended to exploit a thread-level parallelism, identified by software. Hence, the most challenging task is to find an efficient way of how to harness power of multi-core processors for processing an application

neg: Pentium 4 allowed the mobile Pentium 4 to bridge the gap between the desktop Pentium 4 (up to 115 W TDP), and the Pentium 4-M (up to 35 W TDP). In September 2003, at the Intel Developer Forum, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (P4EE) was announced, just over a week before the launch of Athlon 64 and Athlon 64 FX. The design was mostly identical to Pentium 4 (to the extent that it would run in the same motherboards), but differed by an added 2 MB of level 3 cache. It shared the same Gallatin core as the Xeon MP, though in

neg: Pentium 4 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition almost always proved to be slower than the 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, which is most likely due to the lack of an L3 cache and the longer instruction pipeline. The only advantage the 3.73 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition had over the 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was the ability to run 64-bit applications since all Gallatin-based Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processors lacked the Intel 64 instruction set. Although never a particularly good seller, especially since it was released in a time when AMD was asserting near total dominance in the processor

neg: Simultaneous multithreading two programs which adds a varying amount of execution time. The Pentium 4 Prescott core gained a replay queue, which reduces execution time needed for the replay system. This is enough to completely overcome that performance hit. The latest Imagination Technologies MIPS architecture designs include an SMT system known as ""MIPS MT"". MIPS MT provides for both heavyweight virtual processing elements and lighter-weight hardware microthreads. RMI, a Cupertino-based startup, is the first MIPS vendor to provide a processor SOC based on eight cores, each of which runs four threads. The threads can be run in fine-grain mode where a different

neg: Pentium 4 a 1.7 GHz Pentium 4 was launched, the first model to provide performance clearly superior to the old Pentium III. July saw 1.6 and 1.8 GHz models and in August 2001, Intel released 1.9 and 2 GHz Pentium 4s. In the same month, they released the 845 chipset that supported much cheaper PC133 SDRAM instead of RDRAM. The fact that SDRAM was so much cheaper caused the Pentium 4's sales to grow considerably. The new chipset allowed the Pentium 4 to quickly replace the Pentium III, becoming the top-selling mainstream processor on the market. The Willamette code name is derived

neg: Power supply unit (computer) by pulse with ratio between the 3.3 and the 5 V outputs. In designs using identical chokes, the pulse width manage the ratio. With the Pentium 4 and newer computer generations, the voltage for the CPU cores went below 2 V. Voltage drop on connectors forced the designers to place such buck converters next to the device. Higher maximum power consumption required the buck converters no longer fed from the 5 V and changed to a 12 V input, to decrease the current required from the power supply. In drives a small linear voltage regulator is installed to keep the

neg: Yonah (microprocessor) 5 January 2006, with the other components of the Napa platform. It was the first Intel processor to be used in Apple Macintosh products (although the Apple Developer Transition Kit machines, non-production units distributed to some developers, used Pentium 4 processors). There were two variants and one derivative of the Yonah, which did not bear the "Intel Core" brand name. A dual-core (server) derivative, code-named Sossaman, was released on 14 March 2006 as the Xeon (branded) LV (low-voltage). The Sossaman differed from the Yonah only in its support for dual-socket configurations (two CPUs providing a total of four cores per

neg: Intel Core be confused with the "desktop" 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core. September 2007 and January 4, 2008, marked the discontinuation of a number of "Core" branded CPUs including several Core Solo, Core Duo, Celeron and one Core 2 Quad chip. Intel Core Solo (product code 80538) uses the same two-core die as the Core Duo, but features only one "active" core. Depending on demand, Intel may also simply disable one of the cores to sell the chip at the Core Solo price—this requires less effort than launching and maintaining a separate line of CPUs that physically only

neg: Pentium III 1999 to May 2000, Intel released Pentium IIIs running at speeds of 750, 800, 850, 866, 900, 933 and 1000 MHz (1 GHz). Both 100 MHz FSB and 133 MHz FSB models were made. For models that were already available with the same frequency, an "E" was appended to the model name to indicate cores using the new 0.18 μm fabrication process. An additional "B" was later appended to designate 133 MHz FSB models, resulting in an "EB" suffix. In terms of overall performance, the Coppermine held a slight advantage over the AMD Athlons it was released against, which was

neg: Transmeta had roughly the same performance and power characteristics as a 1.6-GHz Intel Atom from 2008 (manufactured using a 45 nm process). The Efficeon included an integrated Northbridge, while the competing Atom required an external Northbridge chip, reducing much of the Atom's power consumption benefits. The Transmeta Efficeon processor addressed many of Crusoe's shortcomings and showed roughly a 2x real-world improvement over Crusoe. Its die was considerably smaller than Pentium 4 and Pentium M, when compared in the same process technology. Efficeon's die fabricated in 90 nm is 68 mm², which is 60% of the Pentium 4 in 90 nm, at

neg: Hyper-threading Hyper-threading Hyper-threading (officially called Hyper-Threading Technology or HT Technology, and abbreviated as HTT or HT) is Intel's proprietary simultaneous multithreading (SMT) implementation used to improve parallelization of computations (doing multiple tasks at once) performed on x86 microprocessors. It first appeared in February 2002 on Xeon server processors and in November 2002 on Pentium 4 desktop CPUs. Later, Intel included this technology in Itanium, Atom, and Core 'i' Series CPUs, among others. For each processor core that is physically present, the operating system addresses two virtual (logical) cores and shares the workload between them when possible. The main function of hyper-threading

neg: Athlon to the "Thoroughbred-B" core. The name "Thorton" is a portmanteau of "Thoroughbred" and "Barton". By the time of Barton's release, the "Northwood"-based Pentium 4 had become more than competitive with AMD's processors. Unfortunately for AMD, a simple increase in size of the L2 cache to 512 kB did not have nearly the same impact as it did for Intel's Pentium 4 line, as the Athlon architecture was not nearly as cache-constrained as the Pentium 4. The Athlon's exclusive-cache architecture and shorter pipeline made it less sensitive to L2 cache size, and the Barton only saw an increase of several percent

neg: P6 (microarchitecture) a design that would be optimally suited for this market segment. The result was a modernized P6 design called the Pentium M: Design Overview The Pentium M was the most power efficient x86 processor for notebooks for several years, consuming a maximum of 27 watts at maximum load and 4-5 watts while idle. The processing efficiency gains brought about by its modernization allowed it to rival the Mobile Pentium 4 clocked over 1 GHz higher (the fastest-clocked Mobile Pentium 4 compared to the fastest-clocked Pentium M) and equipped with much more memory and bus bandwidth. The first Pentium M family

neg: Performance Rating its Pentium 4 microprocessor. Although the processor was inferior to its predecessor, the Pentium III, on a clock-for-clock basis, Intel designed the processor to be capable of reaching much higher clock speeds than the Pentium III. Using the fact that the raw Gigahertz (GHz) speed of the Pentium 4 was higher than AMD's Athlon XP microprocessor, Intel advertised the Pentium 4 using clock speed to distinguish between the performance of their different processor models. This marketing was effective for Intel as they had used this method since the introduction of the Pentium, because consumers could compare quantitative clock speeds more

neg: Kryo 4 high-performance "Gold" cores and 4 efficiency "Silver" cores with DynamIQ. The Gold cores are derived from the Cortex-A75, run at up to 2.8 GHz, and have a total of 1 MB of L2 cache. The Silver cores are Cortex-A55 derived, run at up to 1.8 GHz, and have a total of 512 KB of L2 cache. There is an additional 2 MB L3 cache on the chip. Qualcomm expected 25–30% increased performance in task run on the high-performance cores, and 15% increase on efficiency cores, relative to the Snapdragon 835. The Kryo 460 is Qualcomm's upper mid-range semi-custom core.

neg: Yonah (microprocessor) to run at a maximum frequency of 2.33–2.50 GHz. The communication between the L2 cache and both execution cores is handled by a bus unit controller through arbitration, which reduces cache coherency traffic over the FSB, at the expense of raising the core-to-L2 latency from 10 clock cycles (in the Dothan Pentium M) to 14 clock cycles. The increase in clock frequency offsets the impact of the increased clock cycle latency. The power management components of the core features improved grained thermal control, as well as independent scaling of power between the two cores, resulting in very efficient management of

neg: Pentium 4 being sold on the OEM market as the Pentium 4, model F. The E0 revision also adds eXecute Disable (XD) (Intel's name for the NX bit) to Intel 64. Intel's official launch of Intel 64 (under the name EM64T at that time) in mainstream desktop processors was the N0 stepping Prescott-2M. Intel also marketed a version of their low-end Celeron processors based on the NetBurst microarchitecture (often referred to as "Celeron 4"), and a high-end derivative, Xeon, intended for multi-socket servers and workstations. In 2005, the Pentium 4 was complemented by the dual-core-brands Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition. In

neg: Pentium FDIV bug the processor does not have the FDIV issue, the following message will be seen: Your computer's numeric data processor has passed all diagnostic tests and appears to be working properly.", Otherwise the following message shall appear: "The numeric processor in this computer can sometimes compute inaccurate results when dividing large numbers" Options are then provided at the bottom of the Settings tab to "Always use", "Use only if [it] passes all diagnostics" or "Never use". Users can run the pentnt utility included with Windows NT 3.51, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP. Pentium FDIV bug The Pentium FDIV bug is a

neg: Silvermont processors as follows: List of smartphone processors as follows: List of smartphone processors as follows: List of desktop processors as follows: List of mobile processors as follows: List of smartphone and tablet processors as follows: Silvermont based processor cores have been used in Knights Landing versions of Intel's Xeon Phi multiprocessor HPC chips, with changes for HPC including AVX-512 vector units. Silvermont Silvermont is a microarchitecture for low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium branded processors used in systems on a chip (SoCs) made by Intel. Silvermont forms the basis for a total of four SoC families: Silvermont was announced to news

neg: Celeron model 11 and their Intel product code is 80530. These Celerons were for socket 478 and were based on the "Willamette" Pentium 4 core, being a completely different design compared to the previous Tualatin Celeron. These are often known as the "Celeron 4". Their L2 cache (128 KB) is half that of the "Willamette"-based Pentium 4's 256 KB of L2 cache, but otherwise the two are very similar. With the transition to the Pentium 4 core the Celeron now featured SSE2 instructions. The ability to share the same socket as the Pentium 4 meant that the Celeron now had the

neg: Pentium 4 for an early-mid-2005 release. However, it was cancelled a few months after the release of Prescott due to extremely high TDPs (a 2.8 GHz Tejas emitted 150 W of heat, compared to around 80 W for a Northwood of the same speed, and 100 W for a comparably clocked Prescott) and development on the NetBurst microarchitecture as a whole ceased, with the exception of the dual-core Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition and the Cedar Mill-based Pentium 4 HT. Since May 2005, Intel has released dual-core processors under the Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition brands. These came under the

neg: CPU cache to the processors's Level 3 cache. In the Skylake processors the Level 4 cache no longer works as a victim cache. One of the more extreme examples of cache specialization is the trace cache (also known as "execution trace cache") found in the Intel Pentium 4 microprocessors. A trace cache is a mechanism for increasing the instruction fetch bandwidth and decreasing power consumption (in the case of the Pentium 4) by storing traces of instructions that have already been fetched and decoded. A trace cache stores instructions either after they have been decoded, or as they are retired. Generally, instructions

neg: Capromeryx refuge in. It is still unknown what exactly they ate and how they interacted socially but it is speculated that they were similar in many ways to their living relatives, the North American Pronghorn. Though the identification of "Capromeryx" often relies on the basis of tooth size and shape, the description and acceptance of the various species of "Capromeryx" requires the fossil presence of horn cores (the bony inner shaft of the horn). Some species have not yet produced these cores and therefore have not been recognized as distinct species. Fossil specimens are instead classified by size. Fossils identified as

neg: Intel Microcode Out-of-order execution is used, so the micro-operations and instructions they represent may not appear in the same order. During development of the Pentium Pro, several microcode fixes were included between the A2 and B0 steppings. For the Pentium II (based on the P6 Pentium Pro), additional micro-operations were added to support the MMX instruction set. In several cases, "microcode assists" were added to handle rare corner-cases in a reliable way. The Pentium 4 can have 126 micro-operations in flight at the same time. Micro-operations are decoded and stored in an Execution Trace Cache with 12,000 entries, to avoid repeated decoding

neg: ATX ATX refers to the design, and goes up to version 2.2 in 2004 (with the 24 pins of ATX12V 2.0) while ATX12V describes only the PSU. For instance, ATX 2.03 is pretty commonly seen on PSU from 2000 & 2001 and often include the P4 12V connector, even if the norm itself does not define it yet! The main changes and additions in ATX12V 1.0 (released in February 2000) were: Formally called the "+12 V Power Connector", this is commonly referred to as the P4 connector because this was first needed to support the Pentium 4 processor. Before the Pentium

neg: Ice divide find these ice divides and take ice cores from them, which are typically long cylinder poles of ice, and evaluate them. Once they have these ice cores, they are able to look through it and find elements that the snow and ice carried down with it during that time period such as sulfate, nitrate, and other ions. These ice cores are important in determining how our atmosphere has changed for the better or worse, and how we can fix it such as the greenhouse effect which discovered when scientist found how much more greenhouse gasses was in our atmosphere than

neg: Conroe (microprocessor) for a retail package. The price was cut on April 22, 2007, when the E4400 was released at $133 and the E4300 dropped to $113. A new E2000 series of Allendale processors with half their L2 cache disabled was released in mid-June 2007 under the Pentium Dual-Core brand name. The working cache memory was reduced by half again when the Allendale core was released under Intel's Celeron brand; the Celeron E1000 processors have a 512k L2 cache shared between its two cores. Subsequent E4000 "Allendale" processors were introduced as E4500 and E4600. The final E4700 processor was using the G0

neg: Pentium 4 posed a new set of code optimization rules. For example, in mathematical applications, AMD's lower-clocked Athlon (the fastest-clocked model was clocked at 1.2 GHz at the time) easily outperformed the Pentium 4, which would only catch up if software was re-compiled with SSE2 support. Tom Yager of "Infoworld" magazine called it "the fastest CPU - for programs that fit entirely in cache". Computer-savvy buyers avoided Pentium 4 PCs due to their price premium, questionable benefit, and initial restriction to Rambus RAM. In terms of product marketing, the Pentium 4's singular emphasis on clock frequency (above all else) made it a

neg: Pentium 4 encroaching from the server market and threatening the Pentium 4 desktop market. Meanwhile, with the launch of the Athlon XP 3200+ in AMD's desktop line, AMD increased the Athlon XP's FSB speed from 333 MT/s to 400 MT/s, but it was not enough to hold off the new 3 GHz Pentium 4 HT. The Pentium 4 HT's increase to a 200 MHz quad-pumped bus (200x4=800Mhz effective) greatly helped to satisfy the bandwidth requirements the Netburst architecture desired for reaching optimal performance. While the Athlon XP architecture was less dependent on bandwidth, the bandwidth numbers reached by Intel were well out

neg: Pentium 4 heat. In the same month boards utilizing the 845 chipset were released with enabled support for DDR SDRAM which provided double the bandwidth of PC133 SDRAM, and alleviated the associated high costs of using Rambus RDRAM for maximal performance with Pentium 4. A 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 was released on April 2, 2002, and the bus speed increased from 400 MT/s to 533 MT/s (133 MHz physical clock) for the 2.26 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 2.53 GHz models in May, 2.66 GHz and 2.8 GHz models in August, and 3.06 GHz model in November. With Northwood, the Pentium 4 came

neg: Teraflops Research Chip technology which allows for so many cores to be integrated on one chip also allows for better load distribution and a decreased chance of overheating. If a core is overloaded then the heat produced by that core increases, which reflects a decrease in efficiency and a waste of energy. In the teraflops research chip, if some of the cores are being overloaded, that load can just be delegated to other cores, resulting in a load distribution which does not create as much heat. The processor introduces a notion of sleeping cores. To further power efficiency and optimize the ratio between

neg: Pentium III reversed when AMD applied their own die shrink and added an on-die L2 cache to the Athlon. Athlon held the advantage in floating-point intensive code, while the Coppermine could perform better when SSE optimizations were used, but in practical terms there was little difference in how the two chips performed, clock-for-clock. However, AMD were able to clock the Athlon higher, reaching speeds of 1.2 GHz before the launch of the Pentium 4. In terms of performance, Coppermine arguably marked a bigger step than Katmai by introducing an on-chip L2 cache (which Intel called "Advanced Transfer Cache", or "ATC"). The ATC

neg: Pentium line added the MMX instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX. Versions of these processors for the Laptop market were initially named "Mobile Pentium II" and "Mobile Pentium III", later versions were named "Pentium III-M". Starting with the Pentium II, the Celeron brand was used for low-end versions of most Pentium processors with a reduced feature set such as a smaller cache or missing power management features. In 2000, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named "NetBurst", with a much longer pipeline enabling higher clock frequencies than the P6 based processors. Initially, these were named "Pentium 4" and the

neg: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller interface. The x2APIC now uses 32 bits to address CPUs, allowing to address up to 2 − 1 CPUs using the physical destination mode. The logical destination mode now works differently and introduces clusters; using this mode, one can address up to 2 − 16 processors. The x2APIC architecture also provides backward compatibility modes to the original Intel APIC Architecture (introduced with the Pentium/P6) and with the xAPIC architecture (introduced with the Pentium 4). The improved interface reduces the number of needed APIC register access for sending Inter-processor interrupts (IPIs). Because of this advantage, QEMU can and does emulate x2APIC

neg: Intel Core the number of cores. Instead, the brand is now divided from low-level (i3), through mid-range (i5) to high-end performance (i7), which correspond to three, four and five stars in Intel's Intel Processor Rating following on from the entry-level Celeron (one star) and Pentium (two stars) processors. Common features of all Nehalem based processors include an integrated DDR3 memory controller as well as QuickPath Interconnect or PCI Express and Direct Media Interface on the processor replacing the aging quad-pumped Front Side Bus used in all earlier Core processors. All these processors have 256 KB L2 cache per core, plus up to

neg: Pentium M end, improved branch prediction, SSE2 support, and a much larger cache. The first Pentium M–branded CPU, code-named Banias, was followed by Dothan. The Pentium M-branded processors were succeeded by the Core-branded dual-core mobile Yonah CPU with a modified microarchitecture. The Pentium M represented a new and radical departure for Intel, as it was not a low-power version of the desktop-oriented Pentium 4, but instead a heavily modified version of the Pentium III Tualatin design (itself based on the Pentium II core design, which in turn had been a heavily improved evolution of the Pentium Pro). It is optimized for power

neg: Everex green computer variant that uses a Pentium Dual-Core CPU, instead of a VIA C7. gOS Linux is used on the lower-end models of the gPC and Cloudbook. Its core application suite is built upon Google Apps, and does not have many other applications installed. The other models use Windows Vista Home Basic, and its installed base of applications. Everex green computer In the mid-2000s, Everex began selling several brands of green computers. These computers are targeted at users that only need access to web applications, versus Microsoft Windows-based applications (however, the company does sell Windows Vista-installed variants). The "gBook" is a laptop

neg: MPIR (mathematics software) and 64, MIPS R3000, R4000, SPARCv7, SuperSPARC, generic SPARCv8, UltraSPARC. MPIR (mathematics software) Multiple Precision Integers and Rationals (MPIR) is an open-source software multiprecision integer library forked from the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) project. It consists of much code from past GMP releases, and some original contributed code. According to the MPIR developers, some of the main goals of the MPIR project are: MPIR is optimised for many processors (CPUs). Assembly language code exists for these : ARM, DEC Alpha 21064, 21164, and 21264, AMD K6, K6-2, Athlon, K8 and K10, Intel Pentium, Pentium Pro-II-III, Pentium 4, generic

neg: MPIR (mathematics software) MPIR (mathematics software) Multiple Precision Integers and Rationals (MPIR) is an open-source software multiprecision integer library forked from the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) project. It consists of much code from past GMP releases, and some original contributed code. According to the MPIR developers, some of the main goals of the MPIR project are: MPIR is optimised for many processors (CPUs). Assembly language code exists for these : ARM, DEC Alpha 21064, 21164, and 21264, AMD K6, K6-2, Athlon, K8 and K10, Intel Pentium, Pentium Pro-II-III, Pentium 4, generic x86, Intel IA-64, Core 2, i7, Atom, Motorola-IBM PowerPC 32

neg: Pentium D exception of the "Pentium Extreme Edition 840". Smithfield did not support Intel VT-x—Intel's x86 virtualization (formerly Vanderpool). All Pentium D processors supported Intel 64 (formerly EM64T), XD Bit, and were manufactured for the LGA 775 form factor. The only motherboards guaranteed to work with the Pentium D (and Extreme Edition) branded CPUs were those based on the 945-, 955-, 965- and 975-series Intel chipsets, as well as the nForce 4 SLI Intel Edition and ATI Radeon Xpress. The Pentium D 820 did not work with the nForce 4 SLI Intel Edition chipset due to some power design issues, though they

neg: Comparison of ARMv8-A cores Comparison of ARMv8-A cores This is a table of 64/32-bit ARMv8-A architecture cores comparing microarchitectures which implement the AArch64 instruction set and mandatory or optional extensions of it. Most chips support 32-bit AArch32 for legacy applications, while the Falkor data center chip does not. All chips of this type have a floating-point unit (FPU) that is better than the one in older ARMv7 and NEON (SIMD) chips. Some of these chips have coprocessors, such as the AppliedMicro Helix that also includes cores from the older 32-bit architecture (ARMv7). Some of the chips are SoCs and can combine both ARM Cortex-A53

neg: Micro-operation Another way to try to improve performance is to cache the decoded micro-operations, so that if the same macroinstruction is executed again, the processor can directly access the decoded micro-operations from a special cache, instead of decoding them again. The "Execution Trace Cache" found in Intel NetBurst microarchitecture (Pentium 4) is a widespread example of this technique. The size of this cache may be stated in terms of how many thousands of micro-operations it can store: "kμops". Micro-operation In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as a micro-ops or μops) are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to