query: what ecosystem is flat with many tall grasses

pos: Grassland Grassland Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae); however, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica. Grasslands are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. For example, there are five terrestrial ecoregion classifications (subdivisions) of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome (ecosystem), which is one of eight terrestrial ecozones of the Earth's surface. Grassland vegetation can vary in height from very short, as in chalk grassland, to quite tall, as in the case

pos: Roesel's bush-cricket grasses and ditches. Vegetation structure and species both influence bush cricket distribution. Grass length is one of the key structural factors, as shorter grasses leave the bush crickets more at risk from predation and environmental disturbance, whereas longer grasses block out light. The height of grassland is also important in song propagation, and a higher position for stridulation is essential for many bush crickets as grasslands have a hampering effect on noise. Sward height preferences change depending on the time of year. Roesel’s bush-crickets have a preference for ungrazed grasses, with tall swards, which are a component of its diet.

pos: Wasur National Park to the indigenous communities of the National Park, this led to major changes to the local ecosystem, including: the reduction of tall swamp grasses and consequent ceasing of breeding of the Australian pelican and magpie goose, reduction of the "Phragmites" reed species, and the extensive spread of "Melaleuca" onto the open grasslands. The Wasur area was first designated as a Wildlife Reserve in 1978 with an area of 2,100 km². An extended area of 4,138 km² was later declared a National Park in 1990. In 2006 the park has been also recognised as a wetland of international importance under the

pos: Kaziranga National Park lower altitude. The western reaches of the park are dominated by grasslands. Tall elephant grass is found on higher ground, while short grasses cover the lower grounds surrounding the beels or flood-created ponds. Annual flooding, grazing by herbivores, and controlled burning maintain and fertilize the grasslands and reeds. Common tall grasses are sugarcanes, spear grass, elephant grass, and the common reed. Numerous forbs are present along with the grasses. Amidst the grasses, providing cover and shade are scattered trees—dominant species including kumbhi, Indian gooseberry, the cotton tree (in savanna woodlands), and elephant apple (in inundated grasslands). Thick evergreen forests, near

pos: White Rock Lake ecosystem that includes grasses, trees, flowers and wildlife that are indigenous to the North Texas area. Grasslands include black prairie grasses as well as more invasive species like Queen Anne’s Lace. Wildflowers are planted in un-mowed areas and bloom in late spring. Photos can be taken especially off the East Lawther Trail and close to Mockingbird Lane. Dozens of species of birds call White Rock Lake home. The ecosystem of the waterfront makes it a perfect nesting place for small and large water birds including herons, egrets, geese, ducks and pelicans, along with woodland birds such as owls, hawks and

pos: Central tall grasslands and long summer allows a rich plant cover and this area was once the largest area of tallgrass prairie in the world, with grasses reaching up to high and interspersed with many wildflowers. For example, 265 species of plants were recorded in Iowa, 237 in a square mile near Lincoln, Nebraska, and 225 in the Missouri River Valley. However the soil is rich here and the original grasslands have now largely been converted to farmland, much more so than in the neighbouring Flint Hills tall grasslands, for example. The central tall grasslands are now a large part of the Corn

pos: California coastal prairie endangered species found in the coastal prairie include: Unlike many other Mediterranean climate grasslands, the mostly perennial bunch grasses stay green all summer, which makes the coastal prairies attractive for grazing cattle and sheep. Other effects to this plant community include agriculture and development. California's coastal prairie, like most other California grasslands, has been greatly affected by the invasion of non-native species, including earthworms, snails, slugs, pill bugs, earwigs, and annual Mediterranean grasses. Most recently, invasive perennial grasses are the greatest threat. These include velvet grass ("Holcus lanatus"), tall fescue ("Festuca arundinacea"), and Harding grass ("Phalaris aquatica"); the impact of

pos: Conservación Patagónica ecosystem restoration. As of 2011, they have removed over half of the 400 miles of habitat-fragmenting ranch fencing. Volunteers also collect seeds from native coiron grasses, which professional ecosystem restoration workers use to reseed heavily damaged areas. Conservación Patagónica’s large-scale ecosystem restoration work serves as the foundation for targeted species-specific programs, such as the effort to monitor and protect the endangered and emblematic huemul deer. As wildness returns to this vast area, the populations of keystone species are finding a new equilibrium. With livestock gone, grasslands are producing more and better quality food for a range of herbivores, which have

pos: Silverspring, Saskatoon and 2015. Provincially, the area is within the constituency of Saskatoon Silverspring-Sutherland. It is currently represented by Paul Merriman of the Saskatchewan Party, first elected in 2011 and re-elected in 2016. In Saskatoon's non-partisan municipal politics, Silverspring lies within ward 10. It is currently represented by Zach Jeffries, first elected in 2012. The "Saskatoon Natural Grasslands" is of preserved, uncultivated prairie grassland. Many types of plants, such as grasses, lichens, wildflowers and fungi can be found in this ecosystem. The Saskatoon Nature Society acts as the steward for this natural area. Sutherland Beach, a popular park and off-leash area along

pos: Northern tall grasslands Northern tall grasslands The Northern tall grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion largely follows the Red River Valley in the Canadian province of Manitoba and the American states of North Dakota and Minnesota. The Northern tall grasslands have a humid continental climate with moderate precipitation, usually between 450-700mm. Winters here are very cold, with a mean winter temperature of , and summers are warm, with a mean temperature of . The ecoregion's mean annual temperature is . Dominant grasses include big bluestem ("Andropogon gerardi"), switchgrass ("Panicum virgatum") and Indiangrass

pos: Southern bald ibis July and the first half of August, before laying their eggs, the birds are found foraging in maize fields. In the second half of August and early September, during the incubation period, the birds are seen alternating between the maize fields, grazed pastures and burnt grasslands. Finally, in the nestling phase of September and October, they forge in maize fields, but more frequently in ploughed fields. It is only on rare occasions that ibises are seen in tall grasses and almost never in marshy areas. These birds avoid the tall grasses due to the hindering of their mobility and the

neg: Manitoba Tall Grass Prairie Preserve fact that it was prime agricultural land. Indeed the reason why most of the Manitoba Tall Grass Prairie Preserve remains is because much of the land is unfarmable by machine because of the many boulders left behind by glaciers. Tallgrass however is a complicated ecosystem that has relied on various measures over time to control it and encourage growth of different species. Historically vast herds of the now extirpated plains bison would help through grazing to eliminate grasses and more importantly the growth of shrubs and trees to prevent the prairie from turning into forest. Fires would sweep through the

neg: Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is adapted to survive the conditions prevalent in the mixed-grass prairie ecosystem. The climate here is one of extremes: hot, cold, dry, windy and stormy with blizzards, floods, droughts, and fires. Grasses dominate the landscape. The short-grass and tall-grass prairies intergrade just east of an irregular line that runs from northern Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, northwestward into west-central North Dakota and South Dakota. The perimeter is not well defined because of the array of short-stature, intermediate, and tall-grass species that make up an ecotone between the short-grass and tall-grass prairies (Bragg and Steuter 1996). In general, the mixed-grass

neg: Living Prairie Museum over 160 species of prairie grasses and wildflowers, as well as a great array of prairie wildlife. In Manitoba only 1/20th of 1% of original tall grass prairie remains. The Living Prairie Museum is one of the few preserves of this once vast ecosystem. This museum is defined by the historical interpretation of the Tall Grass Prairie of the Winnipeg Region. The museum has an interpretative centre with displays on prairie history and ecology as well as an interactive art installation titled "lost_landscape" by Winnipeg artist Collin Zipp. The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.

neg: Conservation grazing rabbits graze in moderation they can create a more complex ecosystem, by creating more variable environments that will allow for more predator-competitor relationships between the various organisms. However, besides the effect on wild vegetation, rabbits destroy crops, compete with other herbivores, and can result in extreme ecological damage. Competition can be direct or indirect. The rabbits may specifically eat the competitions target food or it may inhibit the growth of grasses that other species eat. For example, rabbit grazing in the Netherlands inhibits tall grasses from becoming dominant. This in turn enhances the suitability of the pasture for brent goose.

neg: Sporobolus junceus Sporobolus junceus Sporobolus junceus is a species of grass known by the common name pineywoods dropseed. It is native to the southern United States. This perennial bunchgrass has stems up to a meter tall. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long and are flat or rolled. They are blue-green in color. The panicle is pyramidal in shape with spreading branches. They are lined with purplish or reddish spikelets. This grass species is sometimes grazed by livestock, but it is not one of the more palatable grasses. It increases in abundance as the better grasses are consumed, and it indicates

neg: Festuca arundinacea other environmental attributes. Tall fescue was introduced into the United States in the late 19th century, but it did not establish itself as a widely used perennial forage until the 1940s. As in Europe, tall fescue has become an important, well-adapted cool season forage grass for agriculture in the US with many cultivars. In addition to forage, it has become an important grass for turf and soil conservation. Tall fescue is the most heat tolerant of the major cool season grasses. Tall fescue has a deep root system compared to other cool season grasses. This non-native grass is well adapted

neg: Manhattan, Kansas which, is land and is water. Manhattan is in Kansas' Flint Hills region, which consists of continuous rolling hills covered in tall grasses. However, the downtown area – Manhattan's original site – was built on a broad, flat floodplain at the junction of the Kansas and Big Blue rivers. Manhattan is largest town in the Flint Hills, and is home to the Flint Hills Discovery Center. Tuttle Creek Reservoir is north of Manhattan. The lake was formed when the Big Blue River was dammed for flood control in the 1960s, and it is now a state park that offers many

neg: Admiralty Group Admiralty Group The Admiralty Group of islets consists of eight rocky outcrops within 2 km of the north of Lord Howe Island: Soldier’s Cap, Sugarloaf, Noddy, South Island, Tenth of June, North Rock, Flat Rock and Roach Island. Roach Island is the largest, being about 15 ha in area, 800 m long and 86 m high, with a much-photographed 15-metre-tall tunnel at its northern end. The basalt lava flows are crossed by many dikes. The vegetation consists of grasses, sedges and a few bushes. These islets are noted for the nesting populations of seabirds in spring and summer in greater

neg: Mokala National Park below 0 °C. This region is the transition zone of the savanna (Kalahari and Nama Karoo) biomes; the former being flat and sandy dotted with camel thorns, umbrella thorns, puzzle bushes and haystack-like sociable weaver nests constructed in the larger trees, and the latter characterised by rocky lava outcrops, clacrete and shales. The southern region of the park, closest to the entrance gate, is more plains-like, with isolated camel thorns and tall grasses. The central regions of the park consist of the Karoo-like habitats, with long rows of rocky outcrops interspersed with flat areas of grass and scrub. The base

neg: Montane ecosystems in the subalpine zone, become twisted krummholz, and eventually fail to grow. Therefore, Montane forests often contain trees with twisted trunks. This phenomenon is observed due to the increase in the wind strength with the elevation.The elevation where trees fail to grow is called the tree line. The biotemperature of the subalpine zone is between . Above the tree line the ecosystem is called the alpine zone or alpine tundra, dominated by grasses and low-growing shrubs. The biotemperature of the alpine zone is between . Many different plant species live in the alpine environment, including perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion

neg: Austroderia richardii large sized grasses that can grow to around 1.5 to 3 m tall. Its leaves are sharp edged from 1 m long and around 2 to 5 cm wide. Because of its fine, sharp teeth along the edges of the leaves it is often referred to as "cutty grass". Its leaves are coarse, green, flat and narrow with upright flowering culms 2.5 m tall (Kimberley, 2011). Culms are the hollow stem of the flowering grass plant. These high culms are the main identifying feature of the "Austroderia richardii" as they have great arching, dense, silvery plumes at the top of

neg: Geography of South Dakota This region is a transition zone between the tall grasses to the southeast and the mid and short grasses to the west. In this zone, the eastern portion and river valleys have characteristics of the tall grass region, and the western part as well as well-drained land have similarities to the mid and short grass prairies. Common grasses here are needlegrass and needle-and-thread grass. Plants in the mid and tall grass prairies average about with a maximum height of about . Short grasses live in well-drained regions and mid grasses are in lowlands. Porcupine grass, needlegrass, western wheatgrass and prairie

neg: Fauna of Bangladesh cucumbers and sea urchins. Bangladesh's wide variety of ecological conditions, encompassing the long sea coast, numerous rivers and their tributaries, lakes, haors, baors, ponds and other forms of wetlands, lowland evergreen forests of tropical nature, semi-evergreen forest, hill forests, moist deciduous forests, swamps, and flat lands with tall grasses, has ensured the vast diversity of species found in the country. However, the increasing population, unplanned urbanization and expansion of agriculture and industry have been significantly affecting the ecological structure of Bangladesh, leaving several species extinct and many others endangered. The invertebrate fauna so far recorded in Bangladesh comprises about 1,000

neg: Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar park has been classified as 4B Gujarat-Rajwada biotic province of semi-arid bio-geographical zone. Flat land, dry grasses and herds of antelope have always attracted visitors to this park which has a grassland ecosystem. Successful conservation programs for the blackbuck, wolf and lesser florican (a bustard) are ongoing. Considered to be an endemic Indian species, the lesser florican, which once lived throughout the country, has become endangered in recent decades. Today, the largest population is in this park. Local wolf numbers are increasing, as are striped hyena, with sightings quite frequent during daylight in winter 2012-2013. In July 1976, when the

neg: Artemisia filifolia grama grasses, sand reedgrass, little bluestem, and sand dropseed. Some regions dominated by this sagebrush include the occurrences of the sandsage prairie from Nebraska to central Texas, various river systems in eastern Colorado and Kansas, the sandhills and mixed-grass prairies of Colorado, and parts of southeastern Wyoming. In Texas, it is common in the Trans-Pecos region, where it grows with honey mesquite, and many other areas in the state where it grows with sand shinnery oak. This ecosystem is most commonly affected by fire and grazing. Before human presence, the ecosystem was maintained by a pattern of disturbance caused by

neg: Paspalum Paspalum Paspalum is a genus of plants in the grass family. The group is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas Commonly known as paspalum, bahiagrasses, crowngrasses or dallis grasses, many of the species are tall perennial New World grasses. They are warm-season C grasses and are most diverse in subtropical and tropical regions. "P. scrobiculatum" ("koda", "varuka", "varuku", etc.) is a millet locally grown as food grain. Some species, such as bahiagrass ("P. notatum") and "P. nicorae", are grown for pasturage, especially with the perennial forage peanut ("Arachis glabrata") as a companion crop. Bahiagrass has also

neg: Sporobolus junceus a pasture that is declining in quality. Sporobolus junceus Sporobolus junceus is a species of grass known by the common name pineywoods dropseed. It is native to the southern United States. This perennial bunchgrass has stems up to a meter tall. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long and are flat or rolled. They are blue-green in color. The panicle is pyramidal in shape with spreading branches. They are lined with purplish or reddish spikelets. This grass species is sometimes grazed by livestock, but it is not one of the more palatable grasses. It increases in abundance as the

neg: Wild Africa is a vital element of the ecosystem here. Grazing herds trim the grasses, promoting rigorous growth and more numerous varieties. Seasonal rains and fires also shape the environment of the savannah. After rainfall, the plentiful grass seed triggers a race to breed for millions of red-billed queleas. Marabou storks pick armyworms from the grass and quelea chicks from their nests. The dry season can last eight months, forcing many herbivores to migrate in search of water. Wildebeest follow the rains, while elephants travel a network of paths between waterholes. Buffalos rely on tough grasses to sustain them through the lean

neg: Dayr Nakhkhas houses and the rubble of others. One deserted house is made of concrete and has rectangular windows and a flat roof. It is marked with Arabis graffiti and stands in the midst of tall wild grasses and weeds. There is a fenced-in cave. The surrounding land is cultivated by Israeli farmers." Dayr Nakhkhas Dayr Nakhkhas (, "Deir Nakh-khâs") was a Palestinian Arab village located 20 km northwest of Hebron, overlooking Wadi Bayt Jibrin to the north. Dayr Nakkhas was situated on the road to Hebron about two miles east of Bayt Jibrin. Perched on a hill, an open corn valley

neg: Paspalum the chestnut-breasted munia ("Lonchura castaneothorax") readily feeds on the seeds of "P. longifolium", for example. The ergot "Claviceps paspali" is a sac fungus that grows on "Paspalum", producing ergot alkaloids and the tremorgen paspalitrem; it causes "paspalum staggers" poisoning in cattle. Tussock paspalum ("P. quadrifarium") is considered a weed in Australia. Paspalum Paspalum is a genus of plants in the grass family. The group is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas Commonly known as paspalum, bahiagrasses, crowngrasses or dallis grasses, many of the species are tall perennial New World grasses. They are warm-season C grasses and

neg: Yeolands Quarry based on the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, and as a subterranean geological park, will largely present the prehistoric world. The quarry was in full use by Portland Stone Firms Ltd before becoming redundant in the 21st century. By the late 1980s the central bottom region of the quarry had an established ecosystem where small ponds were fed by rivulets. This environment hosted many types of reeds, grasses and even newts. However, from the 21st century the quarry was used for dumping overburden, and as such changed considerably, with the ecosystem buried deep under rubble. The north-eastern face of

neg: Aché and low flat valleys filled with tall grasses. Rainfall totals about 2000 mm per year on average, and is characterized by high unpredictability in monthly patterns from year-to-year, but with a statistical dry season from May to August. Seasonal temperature fluctuations are more consistent, with temperature extremes ranging between 39 and 0 degrees Celsius. Eastern Paraguay contains regions of mature terra firme tropical forest, cerrado, grassland, palm-dominated swamps, bamboo forests, riparian flood forests, and a low drier forest type referred to as "kaati" by Guarani speakers. Although the region is an important endemic bird habitat, with over 400 species of

neg: Rocky Mountain National Park flat montane valleys may be unable to support growth of evergreen forests. The following areas are part of the montane ecosystem: Moraine Park, Horseshoe Park, Kawuneeche Valley, and Upper Beaver Meadows. Some of the mammals that inhabit the montane ecosystem include snowshoe hares, coyotes, cougars, beavers, mule deer, moose, bighorn sheep, black bears, and Rocky Mountain elk. During the fall, visitors often flock to the park to witness the elk rut. From to , the montane forests give way to subalpine forests. Forests of fir and Engelmann spruce cover the mountainsides in subalpine areas. Trees grow straight and tall in

neg: Puna grassland for the scattered halophytes around and in the depressions. These salt lakes are home to the endemic Andean flamingo. The World Wildlife fund defines three distinct puna sub-ecoregions: Puna soils are composed of an organic rich layer and a stony layer. The average soil profile is 33 cm deep. The Puna ecosystem has a low diversity of bacteria in its soils. The rhizosphere of the grasses are dominated by the Bacillas species, these organisms are composed of dormant cells that enable them to survive in the extreme climatic conditions in the Puna ecosystem. The dormant bacterial community of Puna grasses

neg: Festuca arundinacea are rolled in the bud with no prominent ligule. Note that most grasses are folded not rolled, which make this a key identification feature on tall fescue. The auricles are usually blunt but occasionally may be more clawlike. The culm is round in cross-section. Typically, this species of grass has a long growing season and ranges between 2 and tall in seedhead stage. Tall fescue spreads through tillering and seed transmission — not by stolons or rhizomes, which are common in many grass species. However, tall fescue may have numerous sterile shoots that extend the width of each bunch. There

neg: Red avadavat support their separation in the genus "Amandava". The Estrildinae are thought to have evolved somewhere in the Indian plate and moving into the African and Pacific regions and it has been estimated that the red munia diverged from the green munia about 9 million years ago. Red avadavats are found mainly on flat plains, in places with tall grasses or crops, often near water. The species has four named populations. The nominate subspecies is found in Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan; the Burmese form has been called "flavidiventris" (also found in parts of China, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam);

neg: Ornamental grass texture, color, motion, and sound to the garden, throughout the year. Almost all ornamental grasses are perennials, coming up in spring, from their roots, which have stored large quantities of energy, and in fall or winter go dormant. Some, notably bamboos, are evergreen, and a few are annuals. Many are bunch grasses and tussock grasses, though others form extensive systems of many-branched rhizomes. The bunching types are often called "clump-forming" or "clumping", distinct from the rhizomatous types, called "running". Sizes vary from a few centimeters up to several meters; the larger bamboos may reach 20 m or more tall. Some

neg: Longleaf pine ecosystem is characterized as having bushy clusters of long needles and large long pine cones. These pines are capable of growing tall with a diameter of across, only in well suited soil. The longleaf pine is most notable for thick bark, which aids in the resistant to fire and to southern pine beetle outbreaks. The grass species Carolina wiregrass ("Aristida stricta"), which is found in the northern portion, and southern wiregrass ("Aristida beyrichiana"), which is found in the southern portion, are the dominating grass species of the habitat. These grass species occur in clumps which measure across and have flat leaves

neg: Cooper, Texas before terminating at State Highway 24. Nearby highways include Farm to Market Road 1880 and Farm to Market Road 1529. Cooper, as well as most of Delta County, is located in the Texas Blackland Prairies region, a flat, tall-grass prairie ecosystem which covers a large portion of north-central Texas. The region's elevation rarely differs from around to . The area's geology consists mainly of deep clay, or clay mixed with a dark-colored loam. However, the county is also known to have high-quality topsoil, ideal for crop growing. Under the Köppen climate classification, Cooper is in zone "Cfa" with warm, wet

neg: Ground squirrel spend time in trees. Also closer to typical squirrels in other aspects, they are occasionally considered a tribe of their own (Tamiini). The ground squirrel is especially renowned for its tendency to rise up on its hind legs. It does this whenever it senses nearby danger, or when it must see over tall grasses. The squirrel then curls its paws flat against its chest and sends a screeching call to warn other family members about the presence of predators. "Palaeosciurus" from Europe is the oldest known ground squirrel species, and it does not seem to be particularly close to any

neg: Jusayr was founded in 1937, and by 1945, it had 74 students. In 1992 the village site was described: "One concrete, flat-roofed house still stands in the middle of a peach orchard. Its front facade has two rectangular windows and a rectangular entrance in the middle. The debris of houses among tall grasses and weeds is visible. A garbage dump is now located on the site, as well as buildings that belong to an Israeli settlement. The surrounding lands are cultivated." Jusayr Jusayr was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on

neg: Khangabok village is also drenched in rains from the month of May and continues till the middle of October. The downpour ranges from light drizzles to heavy showers. The normal rainfall enriches the soil and helps in agricultural activities and irrigation. Khangabok represents the features of flat plain topography. The soil is of the type alluvium and contains small rock fragments, sand and sandy clay. The vegetation consists of a large variety of plants ranging from short and tall grasses, reeds and bamboos to trees of various species. Arundo Donax (yengtou), Leihao, Bamboo, Cane, Eucalyptus etc. are important forest resources growing

neg: Chrysopogon zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver (derived from the Tamil: வெட்டிவேர் "veṭṭivēr") is a perennial bunchgrass of the Poaceae family, native to India. Vetiver is most closely related to "Sorghum" but shares many morphological characteristics with other fragrant grasses, such as lemongrass ("Cymbopogon citratus"), citronella ("Cymbopogon nardus", "C. winterianus"), and palmarosa ("Cymbopogon martinii"). Vetiver grows to high and form clumps as wide. Under favorable conditions, the erect culms can reach 3m in height. The stems are tall and the leaves are long, thin, and rather rigid. The flowers are brownish-purple. Unlike most grasses, which form horizontally spreading, mat-like

neg: Neotibicen tibicen lesser extent, eastern tall-grass prairies. Although one of the common names of this species is "swamp cicada", it is rarely associated with swampy areas. "N. tibicen" can also be found in tall grasses and herbaceous plants adjacent to woodlands and riparian areas. It seems to be associated with most ecosystems, and can also be abundant in urbanized and residential areas with many trees. This cicada is active from July to August across most of its distribution, however, some areas may vary in emergence to decline dates based upon weather and various other environmental factors. Areas from southern Florida that rarely

neg: Chital which help keep a check on potential danger. The chital also benefit from fruits dropped by langurs from trees such as "Terminalia bellirica" and "Phyllanthus emblica". The chital has been observed foraging with sambar deer in the Western Ghats. Grazers as well as browsers, the chital mainly feed on grasses throughout the year. They prefer young shoots, in the absence of which, tall and coarse grasses are nibbled off at the tips. Browse forms a major portion of the diet only in the winter-October to January-when the grasses, tall or dried up, are no longer palatable. Browse includes herbs, shrubs,

neg: Xeriscaping this practice. 6. Limited turf areas: Native grasses (warm-season) that have been cultivated for turf lawns, such as buffalo grass and blue grama, can survive with a quarter of the water that bluegrass varieties need. Warm-season grasses are greenest in June through September and straw brown the rest of the year. Native grasses (cool season) such as bluegrass and tall fescue, are greenest in the spring and fall and go dormant in the high heat of the summer. New cultivars of bluegrass, such as Reveille, and tall fescue, can reduce typical bluegrass water requirements by at least 30 percent. Fine

neg: Barandabhar Corridor Forest simal (Bombax ceiba), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), and Bhellar ("Trewia nudiflora") and in the lower canopy "Clerodendrum viscosum, Zizyphus mauritiana" are present. The alluvial flood plains support a luxuriant growth of grasses interspersed with patches of riverine forest. These tall and dense stands of grasses are popularly called 'elephant grass'. Tall grassland is dominated by kans ("Saccharum spontaneum"), and distributed along the Rapti and Budhi Rapti riverside. Barandabhar forest is very important for short grassland, which is mainly dominated by Siru ("Imperata" sps.). It is the most important grass for human beings called as Siru Khar in Nepali, which is used

neg: Sagebrush steppe Sagebrush steppe Sagebrush steppe is a type of shrub-steppe, a grassland characterized by the presence of shrubs, and usually dominated by sagebrush, any of several species in the genus "Artemisia". This ecosystem is found in the Intermountain West in the United States. The most common sagebrush species in the sagebrush steppe in most areas is big sagebrush ("Artemisia tridentata"). Others include three-tip sagebrush ("Artemisia tripartita") and low sagebrush ("Artemisia arbuscula"). Sagebrush is found alongside many species of grasses. Sagebrush steppe is a diverse habitat, with more than 350 recorded vertebrate species. It is also open rangeland for livestock, a recreation

neg: Elwha River site of the largest dam removal project in history. The Elwha Ecosystem Restoration project is the second largest ecosystem restoration project the National Park Service has attempted, after the Everglades. The Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act of 1992 was signed by the first President Bush after it was passed by Congress. The project was projected to cost $350 million. The act authorized the Secretary of the Interior to acquire and remove the two dams on the river and restore the ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries. The removal of the tall Elwha Dam and the tall Glines Canyon Dam

neg: Feral goats in Australia the ability of plants to produce seeds and directly when they eat young plants. Feral goats are particularly devastating to island ecosystems, causing direct and indirect impacts through overgrazing, which often results in ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. It has also been found that the removal of feral goats leads to a decline in introduced annual grasses and an increase in native woody perennials and introduced fire-promoting perennial grasses. So, even though the initial impact of goats is often difficult to assess, elimination of goats may lead to increases in fire frequency and further invasion by introduced grasses. Feral goats

neg: Hill farming been: A large number of upland ecosystems have been shaped by humans for centuries, particularly by farming and agriculture. Because of this, many upland ecosystems have become dependent on hill farm land management. Hill farming practices play a significant role in supporting surrounding flora and fauna in the uplands. Through grazing, sheep and cattle maintain a variety of tall grasses and short vegetation. This in turn supports local wildlife, as the short vegetation provides breeding and nesting grounds for many species of waders, including the lapwing, redshank, and golden plover. The taller grasses are an important part of the Curlew

neg: Flatwoods Flatwoods Flatwoods, pineywoods, pine savannas and longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem are terms that refer to an ecological community in the Southeastern coastal plain of North America. Flatwoods are an ecosystem maintained by wildfire or prescribed fire and are dominated by longleaf pine ("Pinus palustris"), and slash pine ("Pinus elliotii") in the tree canopy and saw palmetto ("Serenoa repens"), gallberry ("Ilex glabra") and other flammable evergreen shrubs in the understory, along with a high diversity of herb species. It was once one of the dominant ecosystem types of southeastern North America . Although grasses and pines are characteristic of this system, the

neg: Eragrostis lehmanniana an understory dominated by Lehmann lovegrass. This species sometimes hybridizes with "Eragrostis curvula" ("weeping lovegrass"). The grass produces large monotypic stands that crowd out native grasses and reduce plant and animal diversity. It forms a soil seed bank that can withstand long dry periods, giving it an advantage over some native grasses. It has been shown to have a negative impact on other types of plants, such as "Agave palmeri", a key component in the local ecosystem. Eragrostis lehmanniana Eragrostis lehmanniana is a species of grass known by the common name Lehmann lovegrass. It is native to southern Africa. It

neg: African forest buffalo African rainforests. Savannas are the area where the buffalo graze, while the marshes serve as wallows and help with the insects. Forest buffalo are very rarely observed in the unbroken canopy of the forests. They instead spend most of their time in clearings, grazing on grasses and sedges. Consequently, their diet is primarily made up of grasses and other plants that grow in clearings and savannas. The mixture of habitats is essential for the forest buffalo. Expansion and encroachment of the rainforest on the surrounding savannas and openings are major difficulties of maintaining the ecosystem. Forest buffalo enjoy old logging

neg: Rufous-crowned sparrow starts, the earliest that a sparrow has been observed carrying nesting material was on March 2 in southern California. The female bird builds a bulky, thick-walled open-cup nest typically on the ground, though occasionally in a low bush up to above it, from dried grasses and rootlets, sometimes with strips of bark, small twigs, and weed stems. Nests are well hidden, as they are built near bushes or tall grasses or overhanging rock with concealing vegetation. Once a sparrow chooses a nesting site, it tends to return to the site for many years. It lays between two and five eggs

neg: Rushford, Minnesota Rushford, Minnesota Rushford is a city in Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,731 at the 2010 census. The first pioneers pole-boated up the Root River to the junction of Rush Creek, peering through 10-foot tall grasses to see what astonishing beauty the bluff lands had to offer. The early settlers gave Rushford its name on Christmas Day in 1854, during a chicken supper hosted by Capt. Dyer. The name stems from the nearby Rush Creek, which had tall Rushes growing along its banks. The area was once referred to as “Trail City” because seven Indian trails met

neg: Coconut ecosystem. Briefly, the coconut originated in the coral atoll ecosystem — without human intervention — and required a thick husk and slow germination to survive and disperse. "Cocos nucifera" is a large palm, growing up to tall, with pinnate leaves long, and pinnae long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. Coconuts are generally classified into two general types: tall and dwarf. On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30, mainly due to poor cultural practices. Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut

neg: Syrian Desert Arabia, and the 960m high Jebel Aneiza, at the border tripoint between Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Together with the other deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, the Hamad Desert has been described as one of the most arid deserts of the world. Some of the climax plants in the Syrian Badia are "Salsola vermiculata", "Stipa barbata", "Artemisia herba-alba" and "Atriplex leucoclada". This desert ecosystem is under threat from drought, over-grazing, hunting and other human activities. Some native animals no longer inhabit this area, and many plant species have died out, with the grasses that have replaced them being of lower

neg: ABC Islands bear depend on species that are found within the ecosystem of the Tongass. Two of the common tree species in this ecosystem include the Sitka Spruce and the Western Hemlock. The ABC Islands bears depend on a diet of various flora and fauna that is endemic to the region. For flora this includes grasses; other plants like bulbs; berries like salmonberries and blueberries; and mushrooms. For fauna this includes animals like voles, mice, squirrels, and salmon. The ABC Island bears are usually solitary creatures, except in areas with plentiful food sources. Areas with abundance of staples of their diet may cause

neg: Old field (ecology) ranges are able to colonize cultivated fields after their initial abandonment, usually followed by perennial grasses. The succession of old fields culminates in takeover by trees and shrubs. Old field (ecology) Old field is a term used in ecology to describe lands formerly cultivated or grazed but later abandoned. The dominant flora include perennial grasses, heaths and herbaceous plants. Old fields are canonically defined as an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community, a concept which has been debated by contemporary ecologists for some time. Old field sites are often marginal lands with

neg: Red-backed buttonquail poorly documented. It feeds on the seeds of grasses and sedges, other seeds, green plant matter and insects, probably consuming more insect prey than other members of the genus. Breeding takes place at some time between October and June. The nest is built in the base of a grass tussock, usually among tall grasses in a wet area. It is a scoop lined with grass, leaves and bits of dung, and often roofed with nearby grasses woven together. After the female has laid a clutch of two to four whitish eggs with dark speckles, the male takes over the incubation

neg: Summit Metro Parks water from the mine shafts feed into Silver Creek, coating the bottom of the stream with reddish-brown iron-oxide, yet fish, frogs and other animals thrive. The open fields are home to woodcocks, meadowlarks and eastern bluebirds. Many butterflies flutter among the flowers and grasses. Hawks circle overhead to hunt rabbits, mice and voles living in the grasses and weeds below. Deer travel among the woods, fields and wetlands. Tall sycamores grow in soggy areas, and hickory woods grow in drier spots. The beech-maple woods contain spring wildflowers. One of the largest northern red oaks in Summit County – 20 feet

neg: Red-crowned crane performing a dance. Pairs are territorial during the breeding season. Nesting territories range from and are often the same year after year. Most nesting territories are characterized by flat terrain, access to wetland habitat, and tall grasses. Nest sites are selected by females, but built by both sexes and are frequently in a small clearing made by the cranes, either on wet ground or shallow water over waters no more than deep. Sometimes, nests are built on the frozen surface of water, as frigid temperatures may persist well into nesting season. Nest building takes about a week. A majority of

neg: Copperas Cove, Texas have been known to touch down in the area. Rainfall averages per year, making the land suitable for agriculture without irrigation, though the region is prone to drought. The area's thin layer of topsoil tends to be a light, crumbly caliche—capable of sustaining many agricultural plants, but susceptible to depletion and erosion. Before ranchers and farmers began altering the landscape, the area was once part of a vast grassland. Bison, deer, and pronghorn grazed on tall native grasses. However, because of overgrazing, land clearing, and the suppression of wildfires, these native grasses have been mostly replaced by invasive weeds and

neg: Japanese tea ceremony should give the viewer the same impression that those flowers naturally would give if they were [still] growing outdoors, in nature. Unnatural or out-of-season materials are never used. Also, props and other devices are not used. The containers in which "chabana" are arranged are referred to generically as . "Chabana" arrangements typically comprise few items, and little or no filler material. In the summer, when many flowering grasses are in season in Japan, however, it is seasonally appropriate to arrange a number of such flowering grasses in an airy basket-type container. Unlike ikebana (which often uses shallow, wide dishes), tall,

neg: North Cascades National Park aside from some sparse grasses, the occasional shrub and lichens. A warming climate has led to an altitude adjustment for many flora species, with the timberline reaching further up the mountain slopes since the 1960s. The biodiversity of the area is threatened by climate change and invasive exotic plant species. These plants have spread across the park through the inadvertent redistribution from human activities, attaching themselves to cars and hikers. Invasive plants include the diffuse knapweed and reed canary grass. True grass species number nearly 150 in the park; half of those are considered exotic and nonnative to the ecosystem.

neg: Narmada River covers an area of and along with the adjoining Bori and Panchmarhi Sanctuaries, provides of unique central Indian Highland ecosystem. Satpura National Park, being part of a unique ecosystem, is very rich in biodiversity. The fauna comprises tiger, leopard, sambar, chital, bhedki, nilgai, four-horned antelope, chinkara, gaur, wild boar, wild dog, sloth bear, black buck, fox, porcupine, flying squirrel, mouse deer, Indian giant squirrel. There are a variety of birds. Hornbill and peafowl are the common birds. The flora of the national park consists of mainly sal, teak, tendu, aonla, mahua, bael, bamboo, and a variety of grasses and medicinal

neg: Companion planting second crop over the existing first crop. This is analogous to overseeding a lawn to improve the mix of grasses present. There are a number of systems and ideas using companion planting. Square foot gardening attempts to protect plants from many normal gardening problems, such as weed infestation, by packing them as closely together as possible, which is facilitated by using companion plants, which can be closer together than normal. Another system using companion planting is the forest garden, where companion plants are intermingled to create an actual ecosystem, emulating the interaction of up to seven levels of plants in

neg: Swartland Shale Renosterveld renosterbos is rather inedible and consequently livestock tend to avoid it. The vast majority of Swartland Shale Renosterveld has been lost (the target of saving 26% is now unattainable, as 90% is already completely transformed for farming). Remnants survive in tiny isolated patches within farmland, usually only on rougher, steeper ground that cannot be cultivated. Only a few pockets are actually protected, and most surviving areas are threatened by invasive alien plants such as Acacia saligna (“Port Jackson”), Acacia mearnsii and a variety of other invasive trees, grasses and herbs. There are a great many plant species within this ecosystem

neg: Hawaiian duck like a mallard, but its call is softer and it quacks less frequently. The Hawaiian duck is a very wary bird, often found in pairs instead of large groups. The koloa is most prominently found residing in the tall, wetland grasses and streams near the Kohala volcano on the main island of Hawai’i (Reed et al. 2012). They are very secretive birds and do not associate with other animals much. The Hawaiian duck can only get wet when the gods say it can is what the Hawaiian natives say. This means that the duck can only get wet when the

neg: Melica species occur west of the Mississippi River, with exceptions being "Melica mutica" and "M. nitens" which occur throughout much of the southeast and lower Midwest respectively. Species and hybrids include: Melica Melica is a genus of perennial grasses known generally as melic or melic grass. They are found in most temperate regions of the world. Melic grasses are clumping to short-rhizomatous grasses. They have flowering culms up to tall bearing spikelets of papery flowers. The spikelets have between one and seven fertile flowers with a rudimentary structure at the distal end composed of one to four sterile florets. Some species

neg: Melica Melica Melica is a genus of perennial grasses known generally as melic or melic grass. They are found in most temperate regions of the world. Melic grasses are clumping to short-rhizomatous grasses. They have flowering culms up to tall bearing spikelets of papery flowers. The spikelets have between one and seven fertile flowers with a rudimentary structure at the distal end composed of one to four sterile florets. Some species of melic have corms, lending them the name oniongrass. The genus is most diverse in South America and temperate Asia. Eight species are endemic to China. In North America, most

neg: Savanna several different types: Savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses. Savannas maintain an open canopy despite a high tree density. It is often believed that savannas feature widely spaced, scattered trees. However, in many savannas, tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forests. The South American savanna types "cerrado sensu stricto" and "cerrado dense" typically have

neg: Savanna Savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses. Savannas maintain an open canopy despite a high tree density. It is often believed that savannas feature widely spaced, scattered trees. However, in many savannas, tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forests. The South American savanna types "cerrado sensu stricto" and "cerrado dense" typically have densities of trees

neg: Flat organization Flat organization A flat organization (also known as horizontal organization) has an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives. An organization's structure refers to the nature of the distribution of the units and positions within it, also to the nature of the relationships among those units and positions. Tall and flat organizations differ based on how many levels of management are present in the organization, and how much control managers are endowed with. Transforming a highly hierarchical organization into a flat organization is known as "delayering". In flat organizations, the number of people

neg: Western Gulf coastal grasslands coast is vulnerable to tropical storms that can seriously damage habitats. This ecosystem is edaphic in origin; the soils in this region are of a heavy clay that contributed to difficulty for woody species to establish, allowing grasses and herbaceous species to be more competitive.The region name, though, is a bit of a misnomer. It is not a wide open, treeless prairie; instead, the grassy areas are broken up by many pockets/groves of forest, usually along water courses, or isolated silt/sand pockets among the substrate (where the soil is more permissive for tree growth). From Louisiana west to the Upper

neg: Island Beach State Park restricted to the public. The Southern Natural Area is much larger at . The park includes the Sedge Island Marine Conservation Zone, which includes about of tidal marshes, creeks, ponds, and open water. Coming in from the sea-front, a visitor ascends over a large primary dune covered in tall grasses and down into a narrow maritime forest, consisting of many tall bushes and short trees including holly, goldenrod and black cherry. Approaching the bay side, one finds reeds and a muddy estuary that is home to blue crabs and herons and other marine birds. The park is an excellent site

neg: Rushford, Minnesota of individuals and 22.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.26 and the average family size is 2.93. Rushford is associated with nearby Peterson, Minnesota in Rushford-Peterson School District. Superintendent is Chuck Ehler. Rushford, Minnesota Rushford is a city in Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,731 at the 2010 census. The first pioneers pole-boated up the Root River to the junction of Rush Creek, peering through 10-foot tall grasses to see what astonishing beauty the bluff lands had to offer. The early settlers gave Rushford its

neg: Geography of Sydney European settlers saw Sydney's vegetation as "extremely barren, poor, hungry sand, thickly studded with rocks, growing nothing but a few miserable stunted gums and dwarf underwood". It has been calculated that around 98,000 hectares of native vegetation remains in the Sydney metropolitan area, about half of what is likely to have been existing at the time of European arrival. The Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest, one of six main indigenous forest communities of Sydney, is an example of a dry sclerophyll forest, containing trees around 20–30 metres tall, with ground cover composed of flowering shrubs and native grasses. The Blue Gum High

neg: Marine biology inhabitants. Some marine organisms, like corals, kelp and sea grasses, are ecosystem engineers which reshape the marine environment to the point where they create further habitat for other organisms. Intertidal zones, the areas that are close to the shore, are constantly being exposed and covered by the ocean's tides. A huge array of life can be found within this zone. Shore habitats span from the upper intertidal zones to the area where land vegetation takes prominence. It can be underwater anywhere from daily to very infrequently. Many species here are scavengers, living off of sea life that is washed up

neg: Shortgrass prairie grass. These grasses are native to the short grass prairie and therefor are drought and grazing resistant. Not many plant varieties appear in short grass prairies owing to its extreme changes in annual precipitation and temperature from one year to the next. Two of the main plants that are able to thrive are soap weed yucca and plains prickly pear cactus. In the years of greater precipitation, otherwise dormant wildflowers bloom in the spring, quickly diminishing in the hotter and drier summer months. Shortgrass prairie The shortgrass prairie is an ecosystem located in the Great Plains of North America. The

neg: Bharathappuzha is unimaginable. Today, with almost no sand in many parts of the river, people have started mining sand from underwater which has become a profitable business for many. The river now faces significant challenges for its survival. It is predicted that the river may change its course due to the obstruction of the tall grasses and bushes that has grown in the river. Illegal sand mining mafias are very active and the nexus between the politicians, bureaucrats and these mafias make it extremely difficult to stop this. Organisations which were once very active have now gone on hibernation due to

neg: Robinia pseudoacacia example of how one plant species can be considered invasive even on the continent to which it is native. For example, within the western United States, New England region, northern California, and in the Midwest, black locust is considered an invasive species. In the prairie and savanna regions of the Midwest black locust can dominate and shade open habitats. These ecosystems have been decreasing in size and black locust is contributing to this, when black locust invades an area it will convert the grassland ecosystem into a forested ecosystem where the grasses are displaced. Black locust has been listed as

neg: Doellingeria umbellata Doellingeria umbellata Doellingeria umbellata, known by the common names tall flat-topped white aster, parasol whitetop, or tall white-aster, is a North American plant species in the aster family. It is native to Canada (from Alberta to Newfoundland), St. Pierre and Miquelon, and the eastern and north-central United States (from Nebraska and the Dakotas east to Maine and South to Mississippi, Georgia and the Florida Panhandle. "Doellingeria umbellata" is a perennial up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. It can sometimes produce as many as 300 small flower heads, each with as many as 16

neg: Ann Arbor District Library green roof, convection cooling, naturally captured and filtered storm water, native plants and grasses, and many uses of materials that are renewable resources. The Malletts Creek Branch was awarded the 2005 American Institute of Architects Michigan (AIA Michigan) Award for Sustainable Design. In 2006, AADL opened the Pittsfield Branch, a community-based learning center serving the residents of the southwest quadrant of Ann Arbor and Pittsfield Township. This branch, along with its surrounding landscape, capitalizes on environmental principles, allowing the overall project to operate more in harmony with the ecosystem and the community in which it serves. On June 30, 2008

neg: Syon Park SSSI. It is a tall wet meadow of reed-grasses, with rye-grass and meadow-grass on higher ground. There are many small ditches, and it is used by many over-wintering birds and has a number of rare invertebrate species, including uncommon flies. Access is from Park Road. The park is open for an admission charge in the summer and closed in the winter. Syon Park Syon Park is the 56.6 hectare (139 acre) garden of Syon House, the London home of the Duke of Northumberland in Isleworth in the London Borough of Hounslow. It was landscaped by Capability Brown in the 18th

neg: Indian elephant between and , which overlapped. They preferred habitat where water was available and food plants were palatable. During the dry months of January to April, they congregated at high densities of up to five individuals per km in river valleys where browse plants had a much higher protein content than the coarse tall grasses on hill slopes. With the onset of rains in May, they dispersed over a wider area at lower densities, largely into the tall grass forests, to feed on the fresh grasses, which then had a high protein value. During the second wet season from September to

neg: Temperance Flat Dam $16.7 and 25.1 million. The average cost-benefit ratio for California across all the alternatives is 1.12, which is reached after spreading the costs of construction over 100 years. Without including the highly subjective ecosystem benefits, the highest cost-benefit ratio is 0.83. At the 6-county level, the ratio when including the ecosystem benefits is at most 0.87. The methods used to calculate environmental benefits are not readily available online. As the Temperance Flat Reservoir would inundate several existing hydroelectric powerhouses, the most recent proposal for the dam has a larger hydroelectric capacity of 160 MW. Temperance Flat would allow the San

neg: Prairie remnant of prairie habitats, but restoring prairie remnants provides the preservation of more complete ecological structures that were naturally created after the end of the last ice age. Remnants can also serve as platforms for additional surrounding ecological restoration activities. It has been estimated that 99% of tallgrass prairie habitats in North America have been destroyed mainly due to conversion to agriculture. Tallgrass prairies are generally composed of a mixture of native grasses, sedges, and forbs but are usually dominated by grasses. The shortgrass prairie is an ecosystem located in the Great Plains of North America. The prairie includes lands to

neg: Invasive grasses of North America impacts involving invasive grasses in North America, which range from an ecosystem level to a community level to a genetic level. Such impacts influence habitat structure, disturbance regimes, and nutrient cycling. A successful invasion of a grass may result in new hybrid species, which can have both good and bad results. A good result could be a new species. A bad result could produce a sterile species, which would eventually lead to the extinction of that grass. European Cheatgrass invading the North American prairies is an example of a disturbance regime because it burns quickly and is very susceptible to

neg: Lielupe through a dolomite valley with a few small rapids, until it reaches Mežotne, where it widens and deepens over the flat Zemgale Plain. For many years the Lielupe would frequently overflow its shallow banks and flood surrounding fields and villages, particularly during the spring thaw. Today many parts of the Lielupe's banks are contained with earthen dikes to prevent disastrous floods. Much of the Lielupe is covered in river grasses. At its lower reaches, the river flows parallel to the coast line of the Gulf of Riga; the city of Jūrmala stretches for almost 30 km between the river and

neg: Artemisia tridentata detrimental to the ecosystem as a whole. Furthermore, the destruction of native grasses and forbs by grazing and fire creates conditions where invasive plants colonize the area. The invasive species which has destroyed the largest amount of sagebrush habitat is cheatgrass ("Bromus tectorum"). Since its accidental introduction in the 1890s, cheatgrass has radically altered the native shrub ecosystem by replacing indigenous vegetation, and by creating a fire cycle that is too frequent to allow sagebrush to re-establish itself. Sagebrush is not fire-tolerant and relies on wind-blown seeds from outside the burned area for re-establishment. Some tree species have also been

neg: Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Station in 2002. The consultative council was created on 2 September 2011. The Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Reserve is in the Amazon biome. The whole area is flat and subject to constant flooding. Altitudes vary from . Average annual rainfall is . Temperatures vary from with an average of . Vegetation types are typical of the igapó, floodplain and land environments in Amazonia. The bald uakari (cacajao calvus rubicundus) is protected in the station. The station contains what may be the world's largest palm grove, with over of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti palm) trees growing in swamp conditions. The ecosystem is threatened by overfishing

neg: Glacier National Park (U.S.) forests and parks. As a better understanding of fire ecology developed after the 1960s, forest fires were understood to be a natural part of the ecosystem. The earlier policies of suppression resulted in the accumulation of dead and decaying trees and plants, which would normally have been reduced had fires been allowed to burn. Many species of plants and animals actually need wildfires to help replenish the soil with nutrients and to open up areas that allow grasses and smaller plants to thrive. Glacier National Park has a fire management plan which ensures that human-caused fires are generally suppressed. In

neg: Goose Lake Prairie State Natural Area nature preservation purposes in 1969. The addition of additional parcels created the present-day Goose Lake Prairie State Natural Area. The remaining patches of tallgrass prairie had been extensively altered by human activity during the preceding 150 years, but active management began to re-knit these patches into a unified swathe of natural grassland. Unlike many of Illinois's state parks, Goose Lake Prairie is not primarily managed for hunting; visitors are encouraged to enjoy a tallgrass prairie ecosystem, dominated by grasses such as big bluestem, Indian grass, and switchgrass, and by flowering forbs such as compass plants, coneflowers, goldenrod, shooting stars, and

neg: Quaternary extinction event occurred from 25,000 BCE to 18,000 BCE, and is known as the Last Glacial Maximum, when the Fenno-Scandinavian ice sheet covered much of northern Europe, while the Alpine ice sheet occupied significant parts of central-southern Europe. Europe, and in particular northern Eurasia, being far colder and drier than today, was largely hegemonized by the mammoth steppe, an ecosystem dominated by palatable high-productivity grasses, herbs and willow shrubs. This supported an extensive biota of grassland fauna, and stretched eastwards from Spain in the Iberian Peninsula to the Yukon in modern-day Canada. The area was populated by many species of grazers which

neg: Conservation genetics for humans in the economic, social, and political realms. In the biological realm increased genotypic diversity has been shown to help ecosystem recovery, as seen in a community of grasses which was able to resist disturbance to grazing geese through greater genotypic diversity. Because species diversity increases ecosystem function, increasing biodiversity through new conservation genetic techniques has wider reaching effects than before. A short list of studies a conservation geneticist may research include: Conservation genetics Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of Population Genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in populations principally to avoid extinction. Therefore, it

neg: Daisy Lake Uplands Provincial Park Daisy Lake Uplands Provincial Park Daisy Lake Uplands Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian province of Ontario. Surrounding Daisy Lake in the city of Greater Sudbury, the park serves to protect a recovering ecosystem scarred by pollution from the city's mining industry; one of the industry's first roasting beds in the region was located just east of the park boundaries. The park's ecosystem includes white birch trees, grasses, sedges, rock barrens and bog vegetation. The site is designated as a control area for ecological research — unlike in other parts of the city, where extensive environmental mitigation

neg: Flat Rock Historic District Flat Rock Historic District Flat Rock Historic District is a national historic district located at Flat Rock, Henderson County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 55 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site associated with estates centering on the ambitious summer houses of the prominent Charlestonians. The homes includes notable examples of Stick Style / Eastlake Movement, Second Empire, and Gothic Revival residential architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, also known as Connemara (Rock Hill). Other notable estates include Mountain Lodge, Argyle, Beaumont, Tall Trees (Greenlawn), Many Pines, Chanteloupe, Teneriffe, Rutledge Cottage, Dunroy,