query: the concept of pil originated in which country

pos: Public interest litigation in India whose suits were pending in the court, were released from the jail. There after many cases like this have registered in the supreme court. It was in the case of SP Gupta vs Union of India that the Supreme Court of India defined the term "public interest litigation" in the Indian Context. The concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is in consonance with the principles enshrined in Article 39A of the Constitution of India to protect and deliver prompt social justice with the help of law. Before the 1980s, only the aggrieved party could approach the courts for justice. After

pos: Indian nationality law and the requirement to renounce one's existing citizenships when naturalizing in India (see "Naturalization" above). There are still some ways in which a person may have dual citizenship of India and another country, including: A public interest litigation (PIL) seeking dual citizenship for overseas Indians was filed in the Supreme Court on 6 January 2015 on the eve of the inauguration of the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) in Gujarat's capital Gandhinagar by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. On 20 April 2015, the Supreme Court of India dismissed the Public Interest Litigation (PIL). In dismissing the said PIL, the Supreme Court reasoned

pos: Subhas Datta passed. The purpose of the act was to save trees in the non-forest areas of the State. In 1995, a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was filed before the Supreme Court of India regarding Howrah city’s environmental issues and based on this petition the first Green Bench of the country in any High Court was set up in the Calcutta High Court. From 1995 to date Datta is ventilating the grievances of the masses before the judicial forum through filing the Public Interest Litigations (PIL). On PIL matters, Datta gets the information first, collects the related documents on the subject, verifies

pos: Prashant Bhushan Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). Acting on his PIL, SC directed the CVC to apprise it of actions taken on complaints by whistleblowers in the country. Prashant Bhushan also represents whisteblower Anand Rai in the ongoing PIL regarding Vyapam scam in the Supreme Court. Before K V Chowdary's appointment Prashant Bhushan raised a red flag, asking the Prime Minister not to go ahead with his appointment, raising severe objections on Chowdary's tenure as CBDT Chief. After Chowdary being appointed, NGO Common Cause represented by Prashant Bhushan has filed a petition in Supreme Court of India challenging K V Chowdary's appointment as

pos: Vaikuntha Kamalaja The concept as well as iconography of Vaikuntha-Kamalaja is derived from Ardhanarishvara – the popular androgynous form of the god Shiva and his consort Parvati. P. Pal suggests that the concept of Vaikuntha-Kamalaja originated in Eastern India and then migrated to Nepal, however according to Deo, the concept originated in medieval Nepal, which D. C. Sircar refutes citing an 11th-century Gaya inscription. A late 11th century inscription of the local ruler Yakshapala in the Shitala Gaya Temple in Gaya, India says that Yakshapala built the temple to house a number of deities, including "Kamalardhangina-Narayana", "Narayana (Vishnu) whose half body is

pos: India Rejuvenation Initiative politics. Supreme Court of India after hearing the PIL issued notices to Govt. of India and states to respond within four weeks. IRI also filed PIL for prompt and fair investigation of the Cash for Vote Scam which led to arrest of Amar Singh, Ex M.P. Recently as a result of PIL filed by IRI, the Chairman of Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission was removed by the order of HC Allahabad. One of the members ex-Chief Justice of India Justice R.C. Lahoti in July 2010, protested the ineffectiveness of the CVC in protecting whistleblowers. With its strong presence in many

pos: Nuclear Liability Act trial under Nuclear Damage Claims Commissions and no civil court is given the authority. The country will be divided into zones with each zone having a Claims Commissioner. This is in contrast to the US counterpart – the Price Anderson Act, in which lawsuits and criminal proceedings proceed under the US courts. A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has also been filed against the Act at the Supreme Court of India in 2011, examining the constitutionality of the Act regarding the Right to Life as enshrined in the Constitution of India. The Bhopal Gas tragedy was another accident where an inherently

pos: Navdeep Asija and promotion of Non Motorised Transport in Punjab state of India. His advocacy tool helped city municipal council to decongest the major commercial hub, i.e. Clock tower market area of the city Fazilka into pedestrian paradise by establishing India's first car free zone there.Later the same concept is being taken up by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in the form of Sua sponte, Public Interest Litigation (PIL), and asked the authorities to identify and establish vehicle free areas in each town and city of Punjab including Sector 17 of Union Territory of Chandigarh Punjab. Chandigarh is a capital city

pos: Durga Shakti Nagpal officers engaged in stopping it. On 8 August, the Supreme Court of India accepted a PIL filed by an advocate M. L. Sharma. The PIL sought to dismiss all charges against Nagpal and argued that Nagpal was suffering hardship for following the court's rulings in 2009 and 2010 regarding demolition of illegal religious structures. On 16 August, the court refused to accept the PIL, questioning the standing of the lawyer, but saying that "it may entertain the petition if she (Nagpal) herself approaches the court." The court also sought an explanation from the UP government for arresting Kanwal Bharti, a

neg: This Is PiL This Is PiL This is PiL is the ninth studio album by British rock band Public Image Ltd. Their first studio album in 20 years, it was released on 28 May 2012 on band's own label, PiL Official. A limited deluxe edition of the album was released with a live DVD entitled "There is a PiL in Heaven". Public Image Ltd returned in 2009, after a 17-year hiatus. John Lydon financed the reunion using money he earned doing a UK TV commercial for Country Life butter. He said "The money that I earned from that has now gone completely –

neg: Public Image Ltd and there will be more in the future.") In September 2009 it was announced that PiL would reform for five UK shows, their first live appearance in 17 years. Lydon financed the reunion using money he earned doing a UK TV commercial for Country Life butter. "The money that I earned from that has now gone completely – lock stock and barrel – into reforming PiL", said Lydon. On 15 October 2009, Lydon registered the private limited company "PIL Twin Limited" as his new music publishing company in the UK. The new line-up (consisting of Lydon, earlier members Bruce Smith

neg: Volkswagen Type 2 van/bus" has become its most popular. Brazil contained the last factory in the world that produced the T2 series of Type 2, which ceased production on 31 December 2013, due to the introduction of more stringent safety regulations in the country. This (after the 2002 termination of its T3 successor in South Africa) marked the end of the era of rear-engine Volkswagens manufactured, which originated in 1935 with their Type 1 prototypes. The concept for the Type 2 is credited to Dutch Volkswagen importer Ben Pon. (It has similarities in concept to the 1920s Rumpler Tropfenwagen and 1930s Dymaxion car

neg: The City of Violence way through swarms of armed cooks and bodyguards until the banquet room. They witness Pil-ho killing a Seoul president, which prompts all guests to leave just Tae-su, Seok-hwan, Pil-ho and his four elite guards alone in the room. The elite guards immediately take Tae-su and Seok-hwan on. Two men, victorious but exhausted, set to take on Pil-ho, but Pil-ho takes them by surprise by attacking Seok-hwan, who loses his fingers. Pil-ho turns and stabs Tae-su's stomach, ignoring Seok-hwan who's binding the katana to his hand with torn table cloth. Tae-su informs Pil-ho that the last man who stands last wins.

neg: Hall (concept) house. In 500, such a simple building was the residence of a lord and his retainers. This is the kind of hall which Beowulf knew. Even now, hall is the term used for a country house in midland and northern England. The concept was more fundamental than referring to just domestic buildings. Though the lord's hall had an administrative aspect, this was more prominent in the town hall and the guild hall. The term might even be applied to a temple, in the same way as a basilica, now an ecclesiastical building, originated as a lordly reception hall with other

neg: Logotherapy that it may be psychologically damaging when a person's search for meaning is blocked. Positive life purpose and meaning was associated with strong religious beliefs, membership in groups, dedication to a cause, life values, and clear goals. Adult development and maturity theories include the purpose in life concept. Maturity emphasizes a clear comprehension of life's purpose, directedness, and intentionality which contributes to the feeling that life is meaningful. Frankl's ideas were operationalized by Crumbaugh and Maholick's Purpose in Life (PIL) test, which measures an individual's meaning and purpose in life. With the test, investigators found that meaning in life mediated

neg: This Is PiL inspiration but sheep – and I don't like sheep particularly." PiL left the studio in August and in September it was revealed that they had recently completed their new album. In February 2012, it was officially announced that a 4 track EP entitled "One Drop" would be released for Record Store Day on 21 April and "This Is PiL" would be released on 28 May. Upon its release, "This is PiL" received mostly favourable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of

neg: Rotation Curation Rotation Curation Rotation Curation, also #RotationCuration, is the concept of rotating the spokesperson on a broad scoped social media account. Such a scope can be a location, a country, an organization, a group, and so on. The concept is prominent on Twitter, but has also been ported to Instagram (for example la Bio au Labo). The concept originated December 10, 2011, when Svenska Institutet and VisitSweden launched Curators of Sweden. The project hands the official Twitter account @Sweden to a new Swedish person every week to manage, with the expressed goal to manifest Swedish diversity and progressiveness through their own

neg: Spanish cuisine due to the importance of olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish. The cuisine of the Basque Country has a wide and varied range of ingredients and preparations. The culture of eating is very strong among the inhabitants of this region. Highlights include meat and fish dishes. Among fish, cod is produced in various preparations: bacalao al pil pil, cod Bilbao, to name a few. Also popular are anchovies, bream, and bonito. Among the most famous dishes is the seafood changurro. Among the meats are: the beef steaks, pork loin with milk, fig leaf quail, and marinated goose.

neg: Public Image Ltd PiL released the vinyl-only EP "One Drop" in late April 2012, which was eventually made available for streaming. The new 12-track studio album, "This is PiL", followed in May. "This is PiL" was the band's first studio album in twenty years. On 28 July 2015, the band uploaded a promo video for their lead single "Double Trouble" off their next album via their YouTube channel. On 21 August 2015, PiL released the lead single "Double Trouble" backed with "Bettie Page" and a non-album track "Turkey Tits" from their upcoming album. PiL's tenth studio album, "What the World Needs Now...", was

neg: John Lydon inducted the Sex Pistols, but the band refused to attend the ceremony or acknowledge the induction, complaining that they had been asked for large sums of money to attend. In September 2009 it was announced that PiL would reform, including earlier members Bruce Smith and Lu Edmonds, for a number of Christmas shows in the UK. Lydon financed the reunion using money he earned doing a UK TV commercial for Country Life butter. "The money that I earned from that has now gone completely—lock stock and barrel—into reforming PiL," said Lydon. In August 2010, Lydon played with Public Image Ltd

neg: Rona Kenan Shop", which Rechter composed - at an afternoon honoring Grossman's latest novel at Holon's Mediatech Center. She also performed in London on a boat on the Thames, re-enactment of a Maapilim boat circa 1946, during the British Mandate of Palestine. In 2009 she released her third album, "Shirim Leyoel" ("Songs for Yoel"), a concept album inspired by her father's life story. In 2013, she was part of the Asaf Avidan European tour, as guitarist and vocalist and as support band in France. In January 2014 three singles from an album named "Af Al Pil" were released, Kenan participating in two

neg: Regional innovation system policy advice for regions, reviews examine the strength of the regional innovation system, the appropriateness of the policy mix for the region’s needs, and the strategic use of the region’s resources given global, national, regional and local factor. For countries, reviews assess the extent to which policies from different policy streams (e.g., regional development, science and technology, enterprise policy and higher education policy) are effective in building regional innovation systems and clusters for the range of region types in the country.". The RIS concept, which originated in the European academic literature, has been used as an influential analytical tool in

neg: Seo Jae-chang sisters. He studied in Japan, recommended by Yu Dae-chi and Lee Dong-in. Jae-chang studied sericulture and military science. Later he returned to his country. In 1884 he adopted a distant relation Seo Sang-wu's adopted son. In January to July, 1884, he returned to Japan. He entered a Toyama military school with Jae-pil, but in July he went to Seoul to plan a revolt with Kim Ok-kyun, Park Yeong-hyo and other members of Reformist Partys, Hong Yeong-sik, Park Yeong-kyo, Yun Chi-ho, Yun Ung-ryeol, Jae-pil and his father's fifth cousin Seo Kwang-pum. In October, they undertook the Gapsin coup in Seoul. Queen

neg: One Country on Each Side One Country on Each Side One Country on Each Side () is a concept originated the Democratic Progressive Party government led by Chen Shui-bian, the former President of the Republic of China (2000–2008), regarding the political status of Taiwan. It emphasised that the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") are two different countries, (namely "One China, one Taiwan"), as opposed to two separate political entities within the same country of "China". This is the position of the supporters of the Pan-Green coalition. Chen used this phrase in an August 3, 2002, telecast to

neg: Han Pil-hwa Between 1963 and 1968 Han Pil-Hwa was also a regular guest at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women. In 1965 championships in Oulu she reached highest and got to a fifth place in the allround event. Her best single distance result was a third place on the 3000 meter at the 1966 championships in Trondheim. Over the course of her career, Han Pil-Hwa skated the following best results: Over the seasons, Han Pil-Hwa skated the following best results: Han Pil-hwa Han Pil-Hwa (Chosŏn'gŭl: 한필화, Hanja: 韓弼花) (born 21 January 1942 in Nampho, South Pyongan) is a female North

neg: One Country on Each Side to have departed from Chen's earlier pledge of "Four Noes and One Without". One Country on Each Side One Country on Each Side () is a concept originated the Democratic Progressive Party government led by Chen Shui-bian, the former President of the Republic of China (2000–2008), regarding the political status of Taiwan. It emphasised that the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") are two different countries, (namely "One China, one Taiwan"), as opposed to two separate political entities within the same country of "China". This is the position of the supporters of the

neg: Least Developed Countries countries. In Oceania there are 4 countries that are classified as least developed countries. In the Americas there is one country that is classified as a least developed country. Least Developed Countries The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) is a list of developing countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed by the UN in its resolution 2768 (XXVI) of 18 November 1971. A country

neg: Boundaries in landscape history Boundaries in landscape history Boundaries—particularly field boundaries—are among the oldest features in an English rural landscape. Although a boundary itself is an abstract concept, the boundary can often be seen by differences in land use on either side. Boundaries- a real or imagined line that marks the limit of something. Many field boundaries in the central region of England originated with the enclosure of the previous open fields in the 18th or 19th centuries. In a few instances, current field boundaries (particularly in the west country) have been shown to have originated in the Bronze Age or Iron Age. With

neg: Coconut Island (Queensland) enabled the Queensland Government to control and regulate bases for the beche-de-mer and pearling industries which previously had operated outside its jurisdiction. Torres Strait Islanders refer to the arrival of London Missionary Society (LMS) missionaries in July 1871 as ‘the Coming of the Light.’ Around 1900, the LMS missionary Rev. Walker established a philanthropic business scheme named Papuan Industries Limited (PIL). PIL encouraged Islander communities to co-operatively rent or purchase their own pearl luggers or ‘company boats.’ The ‘company boats’, were used to harvest pearl shells and beche-de-mer, which was sold and distributed by PIL. The people of Poruma purchased

neg: New Deal (railway) By February 1981. Reiher's lobbying had resulted in a $115 million commitment from the Hamer Government to revitalize country rail passenger services in Victoria, the concept of which originated within the Planning Branch of VicRail. VicRail pushed hard for the new timetables to be introduced by October 1981. so they would operate throughout the summer before the 1982 Victorian election. The Thompson Government, which had succeeded Hamer's ministry in June 1981, lost the 1982 election and was replaced by the Cain Government. However, the "New Deal" proved to have bi-partisan political support, and was further expanded by incoming Transport Minister

neg: The Greatest Love the same show, he is eager to participate in the show and meet her. Fictional dating show "Couple Making Season 3" is based on MBC’s real variety program "We Got Married", where they throw celebrities into fake relationships for the cameras. The concept is a competition-based "mat-seon" program, essentially setting up people on blind dates for the purposes of finding a marriage partner. The major difference is that in "Couple Making", celebrity ladies compete over a non-celebrity eligible bachelor who gives them roses to prevent their elimination (a la "The Bachelor"), which is how Yoon Pil-joo ends up as a

neg: Barnahus Barnahus Barnahus (derived from a Scandinavian word for "children's house") is a concept for a comprehensive child-friendly centre for child victims of abuse that evolved in the Nordic countries. It has its roots in the Child Advocacy Model that originated in the United States in the 1980s. Iceland was the first Nordic country to implement the concept (called "barnahús" in Icelandic) in 1998, followed by Sweden (called "barnahus" in Swedish) in 2005, Norway (called "barnehus" in Norwegian) in 2007 and Denmark (called "børnehus" in Danish) in 2013. It has become known as Barnahus in English, a term that may be

neg: Barnahus derived from either the original Icelandic "barnahús" or from Swedish "barnahus". Barnahus Barnahus (derived from a Scandinavian word for "children's house") is a concept for a comprehensive child-friendly centre for child victims of abuse that evolved in the Nordic countries. It has its roots in the Child Advocacy Model that originated in the United States in the 1980s. Iceland was the first Nordic country to implement the concept (called "barnahús" in Icelandic) in 1998, followed by Sweden (called "barnahus" in Swedish) in 2005, Norway (called "barnehus" in Norwegian) in 2007 and Denmark (called "børnehus" in Danish) in 2013. It has

neg: Party system Party system A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations. The concept was originated by European scholars studying the United States, especially James Bryce and Moisey Ostrogorsky, and has been expanded to cover other democracies. Giovanni Sartori devised the most widely used classification method for party systems. He suggested that party systems should be classified

neg: Public Image Ltd by Steve Vai, considered by Vai himself to be some of his best work. Jonas Hellborg, solo bassist and at the time, member of John McLaughlin's reformed band, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, played bass on the album. Jazz great Tony Williams and legendary Cream drummer Ginger Baker drummed on the album, which also featured Ryuichi Sakamoto of the Japanese electropop group Yellow Magic Orchestra. Controversy reared again, with claims that the album cover and title concept had been stolen from the San Francisco noise/punk band, Flipper, contemporaries of PiL, whose album, "Album", featured a similarly unadorned sleeve. Flipper retaliated by naming

neg: Italian Americans condition for payment of their passage. It was not uncommon, especially in the South, for the immigrants to be subjected to economic exploitation, hostility and sometimes even violence. The Italian laborers who went to these areas were in many cases later joined by wives and children, which resulted in the establishment of permanent Italian American settlements in diverse parts of the country. A number of towns, such as Roseto, Pennsylvania, Tontitown, Arkansas, and Valdese, North Carolina were founded by Italian immigrants during this era. A number of major business ventures were founded by Italian Americans. Amadeo Giannini originated the concept

neg: First World a rise of 15–33 percent in inequality amongst these countries. First World The concept of First World originated during the Cold War and included countries that were generally aligned with NATO and opposed to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the definition has instead largely shifted to any country with little political risk and a well functioning democracy, universal health care, rule of law, capitalist economy, economic stability and high standard of living. Various ways in which modern First World countries are often determined include GDP, GNP, literacy rates, life

neg: First World First World The concept of First World originated during the Cold War and included countries that were generally aligned with NATO and opposed to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the definition has instead largely shifted to any country with little political risk and a well functioning democracy, universal health care, rule of law, capitalist economy, economic stability and high standard of living. Various ways in which modern First World countries are often determined include GDP, GNP, literacy rates, life expectancy, and the Human Development Index. In common usage, as

neg: Jury trial jury is the "cour d'assises," in which three professional judges sit together with six or nine jurors (on appeal). Conviction requires a two-thirds majority (four or six votes). The country that originated the concept of the jury trial retains it in an unusual form. The Constitution of Greece and Code of criminal procedure provide that felonies (Greek: Κακουργήματα) are tried by a "Mixed Court" composed of three professional judges, including the President of the Court, and four jurors who decide the facts, and the appropriate penalty if they convict. Certain Felonies, such as terrorism, are exempt, due to their nature,

neg: This Is PiL the album as solid PiL work". "Paste" considered the arrangements as "dull, ordinary and unforgivably sluggish" before describing Lydon's voice as "a scratchy, breathless whimper". In the United Kingdom, the album entered at number 35 at the end of the first week, before falling to number 89 on its second week. Live performance recorded at London, Heaven Nightclub, 2 April 2012 This Is PiL This is PiL is the ninth studio album by British rock band Public Image Ltd. Their first studio album in 20 years, it was released on 28 May 2012 on band's own label, PiL Official. A

neg: Jah Wobble atmosphere in the band, which he felt stifled his artistic ambitions and PiL's creative potential. Besides differences in artistic vision, further conflicts were brought on in part by heavy drug and alcohol abuse in the band. Wobble then went on to recording and releasing his debut album "The Legend Lives On... Jah Wobble in "Betrayal"", and found himself accused by other PiL members of having made unauthorised use of material from "Metal Box" for the making of "Betrayal". Wobble then left PiL in late 1980. Wobble also released at least one single in the "PiL years": his 1978 single "Dreadlock

neg: Prashant Bhushan 2012 the Supreme Court declared the allocation of spectrum had been illegal. In 2012, Bhushan filed a PIL seeking cancelation of coal block allocations by the government on the grounds that certain companies had been illegally favoured by the politicians. In response to the PIL, the Supreme Court (SC) scrutinised coal block allocation since 1993. Bhushan also filed a PIL against illegal iron ore extraction in Goa, which led to the Supreme Court halting all the mining operations in the state. He successfully challenged the Prime Minister and Home Minister's decision to appoint PJ Thomas as the head of the

neg: Au pair Au pair An au pair (; plural: au pairs) is a domestic assistant from a foreign country working for, and living as part of, a host family. Typically, au pairs take on a share of the family's responsibility for childcare as well as some housework, and receive a monetary allowance for personal use. Au pair arrangements are subject to government restrictions which specify an age range usually from mid-late teens to mid to late twenties; some countries explicitly limit the arrangement to females. Arrangements differ between Europe, where the concept originated, and North America. In Europe, au pairs are only

neg: Ken Lockie in 1980, at which point Lockie pursued a solo career with Virgin Records, releasing the album "The Impossible" (1981), featuring guest appearances by Shears and Simon, as well as: Later in 1981, Lockie went to the United States to join Public Image Ltd (PiL) in New York City, New York, in 1981 in preparation for recording in Chicago, Illinois, in November of that year. His contributions to PiL stemmed back to PiL's album "Metal Box" (1979) where he contributed and co-wrote "Radio 4" (although not officially credited). Due to complications with Virgin and funding, recording in 1981 was delayed. PiL

neg: Running Turtle Pil-seong is barely conscious from the fight, but is satisfied on his efforts of capturing Gi-tae. Pil-seong's colleagues later finds him in the cell sleeping with Gi-tae handcuffed. Few days later, Pil-seong and his colleagues was awarded for a higher position as officers and led a ceremonial parade to Pil-seong's daughter's school. The film ends as Pil-seong and the fellow officers gave a salute. "Running Turtle" opened in South Korea on June 11, 2009 and topped the box office over its first weekend with a total of 480,293 admissions. It led the box office for a second consecutive weekend, and

neg: Running Turtle to stand by the outside window of where Gi-tae was, while Pil-seong himself sneaks into the house, armed with pepper spray. Gi-tae, however, was aware of Pil-seong's presence and once escaped before the police arrived. Before leaving, Gi-tae takes out his knife, stabs Pil-seong's right hand, and warns him that the next time he'll kill him if he tries to capture him again. Suffering from public humiliation as well as being kicked out of the house by his wife (because of her money), Pil-seong decides to train himself in fighting Gi-tae. When taking taekwondo lessons one day, Pil-seong learns that

neg: Running Turtle their victory later that night as they wait for him to arrive. Meanwhile, an escaped prisoner named Song Gi-tae intervenes in the celebration and steals Pil-seong's money. When Pil-seong finds out what has happened he confronts the criminal, but suffers a humiliating defeat. Pil-seong reports to his colleagues and his boss that he encountered the infamous Gi-tae, but none of them believed in him. In an attempt to recapture Gi-tae, Pil-seong decides to recruit his friends (who were beaten up by Gi-tae earlier) and found him inside a house with his girlfriend, Kyeong-joo. Formulating a plan, Pil-seong tells his friends

neg: Public interest litigation in India oblique considerations by masked phantoms who monitor at times from behind”. A PIL may be filed against state government, central government, municipal authority not any private party. But, private person may be included in PIL as ‘Respondent’, after concerned of state authority. i.e. a private factory in Mumbai which is causing pollution then public interest litigation can be filed against government of Mumbai, state pollution central board including that private factory of Mumbai. The court must be satisfied that the Writ petition fulfils some basic needs for PIL as the letter is addressed by the aggrieved person, public spirited individual

neg: Stephens Island (Torres Strait) LMS missionary Rev. Walker established a philanthropic business scheme named Papuan Industries Limited (PIL). PIL encouraged Islander communities to co-operatively rent or purchase their own pearl luggers or "company boats". The "company boats" were used to harvest pearl shells and beche-de-mer, which was sold and distributed by PIL. The people of Stephen Island made arrangements to purchase their first company boat in 1905. Company boats provided Islanders with income and a sense of community pride and also improved transport and communication between the islands. In November 1912, 800 acres of land on Stephen Island were officially gazetted as an Aboriginal

neg: Contemporary hit radio point of origin with Todd Storz as further refined by Gordon McLendon as well as Bill Drake. The format became especially popular in the sixties as radio stations constrained disc jockeys to numbered play lists in the wake of the payola scandal. Also known as CHR/pop or teen CHR. Plays pop, and dance, and sometimes urban, alternative, rock, and country crossover as well. Often referred as "top 40"; in terms of incorporating a variety of genres of music, CHR/pop is the successor to the original concept of top 40 radio which originated in the 1950s. WHTZ in New York City,

neg: Serial (podcast) Three as "a year watching ordinary criminal justice, in the least exceptional, most middle-of-the-road, most middle-of-the-country place we could find: Cleveland." Episodes follow different cases and are taped in Greater Cleveland, with particular focus on cases before the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas at the Justice Center Complex in Downtown Cleveland. The concept for "Serial" originated with an experiment in Koenig's basement. Koenig and Snyder had pitched a different idea at a staff meeting for a weekly program on events during the previous seven days, which staff members received without enthusiasm. When Ira Glass asked Koenig if she had

neg: Sea Scouts New Zealand its relative uniqueness on the Auckland coast as a traditional vernacular weatherboard building which is not a private boat-shed it is much sought after as a venue, particularly for theatrical performance. Sea Scouts New Zealand Sea Scouts New Zealand are part of the New Zealand Scouts Association. There are around 900 Sea Scouts in New Zealand in 53 troops around the country. The New Zealand Sea Scouts use a 17-foot cutter as their principal boat – the concept of having a specific boat for Sea Scouts in New Zealand originated in 1944. The first two boats of this class were

neg: Préville, Quebec the provincial government to incorporate the town of Preville. Preville Ltd and the Country Club of Montreal owned the land which they had been subdividing, developing and selling off. In 1969, Preville was merged into Saint-Lambert, Quebec. Préville's streets are named after provinces of France; the concept originated from Préville itself, at the time when it was a town, and has since been maintained by Saint-Lambert for newer streets built in the neighborhood. The only streets that are not named after French provinces are the neighborhood's four main streets: Simard, Victoria, Queen and Riverside. Until 1967 the portion of Victoria

neg: The City of Violence Pil-ho. A killer douses the young murderer in gasoline and sets him on fire. When Tae-su realizes there's no legal way to take Pil-ho down, he confronts Pil-ho, but he ends up badly beaten. Meanwhile, Seok-hwan, Dong-hwan and their mother are on their way to a restaurant when a truck smashes into their car. After Dong-hwan and his mother's funeral, Seok-hwan and Wang-jae's widow leave the funeral house and sees Tae-su waiting outside. Tae-su persuades Wang-jae's widow into revealing information on her brother Pil-ho's whereabouts. No longer bound by law, Tae-su and Seok-hwan storm Pil-ho's fortress where they fight their

neg: The City of Violence weapons including baseball bats, hip hop, bikes, hockey sticks, and yo-yo's. Tae-su barely escapes with his life after Seok-hwan's unexpected arrival. They decide to work together. After hunting the gangs, they discover Wang-jae's death isn't a random mindless attack. It was a planned murder. The revelation leads them to Seok-hwan's own brother, who confesses a secret. It's Pil-ho who was behind the plan, which was hatched after Wang-jae disapproved Pil-ho's plans to turn their city into a tourist district. After strangers tried to kill him as part of tying up Pil-ho's loose ends, Wang-jae's young murderer agrees to testify against

neg: Kim (Korean surname) Sangju in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The progenitor was Kim Su (김수, 金需) and the clan had members that participated in the government of Joseon. Ulsan Kim clan (, Hanja:蔚山金氏) originated from Ulsan in South Korea. One of the members of this clan, Kim Inhu, was one of the 18 Sages of Korea and honored as a Munmyo Bae-hyang, (문묘배향, 文廟配享). Seoheung Kim clan (, ) was one of the smaller Kim clans during the Joseon. The progenitor was Kim Bo (김보, 金寶) and one of the members was Kim Gwoeng-pil (김굉필, 金宏弼), who was one of the 18

neg: Yong Pil Rhee Yong Pil Rhee Yong Pil Rhee (December 20, 1933 – March 23, 2004) was a Korean political scientist, systems scientist and professor and chairman of the board of trustees at the Seoul National University, South Korea. He was one of the first systems theorists, who demonstrated that the system is dynamic and experiences change. Yong Pil Rhee received a B.A. from Yonsei University in 1957, and a M.A. in 1959. In that time he corresponded with Hans Kohn. In 1959 he also received a M.A. from Northwestern University, and in 1974 a PhD. from the University of Chicago under David

neg: Cho Yong-pil play music. Thus, he commenced music career as a guitarist, but he became successful as a great pop singer in East Asia. Cho formed a band called Atkins, a country & western group, and played for the United States Army. Later, he founded Five Fingers, which played music by black artists. In 1971, Cho joined the band, Kim Trio, which motivated him to perform rock music. Members of Kim Trio were Pa Kim (guitar), Dan Kim (drum) and Sun Kim (keyboard). His first single, "Come Back to Busan Port," brought him national attention when it was released in 1975, later

neg: Pacific International Lines worldwide. As forerunner in IT improvements, PIL has implemented a blockchain supply platform to share established data with DP World - Port of Singapore via IBM systems. In 2017 PIL and COSCO have entered into a mutual chartering agreement, to supply and exchange vessels during shipping demand peak times. In March 2015, PIL partially took over the ownership of Singapore's Mariana Express Lines (MELL). According to the deal, PIL has assumed the majority shareholding. Since then, MELL has continued to operate under its own brand and pre-existing business, as agreed internally at the time of the purchase. Pacific International Lines

neg: This Is PiL lock stock and barrel – into reforming PiL". In November 2009, when asked if PiL would re-enter the studio to record new material Lydon said "Yes, if I raise the money from this [tour], I most definitely will." The new line-up (consisting of Lydon, earlier members Bruce Smith and Lu Edmonds, plus multi-instrumentalist Scott Firth) began touring in December 2009. On 1 July 2011, PiL entered Steve Winwood's studio in the Cotswolds and began recording new material. Lydon said "it was the only place we could afford. It was this barn, in the middle of the Cotswolds, with nothing for

neg: Cho Yong-pil Cho Yong-pil Cho Yong-pil (; born March 21, 1950) is a South Korean pop singer who is considered one of the most influential figures in Korean popular music. He debuted as a member of the rock band Atkins in 1968 and made his solo debut with the hit single "Come Back to Busan Port" in 1976. Cho has released 19 solo albums and has remained consistently popular during his 50-year career. Cho Yong-pil was born in Hwaseong, South Korea. When he was seven, he happened to listen to Ray Charles playing the harmonica, and this inspired the young Cho to

neg: Public Image Ltd of PiL from 1986 until 1992, making them the group's longest-running members besides Lydon. PiL released the album "Happy?" in 1987, and during early 1988 were the supporting act of INXS' "Kick" tour in the US. Bill Laswell, who produced PiL's previous album, was at one point supposed to produce "Happy?", but this idea fell through allegedly because Laswell wanted to replace the PiL line-up with his own session musicians (as had been the case with "Album"), a request John Lydon would not agree to. "Happy?" was ultimately produced by Gary Langan and PiL. The album produced the single "Seattle"

neg: Python Imaging Library Python Imaging Library Python Imaging Library (abbreviated as PIL) (in newer versions known as Pillow) is a free library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is available for Windows, and Linux. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7, with Python 3 support to be released "later". Development appears to be discontinued with the last commit to the PIL repository coming in 2011. Consequently, a successor project called Pillow has forked the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support.

neg: Kim Jong-pil will. Kim Jong-pil Kim Jong-pil (; January 7, 1926 – June 23, 2018) was a South Korean politician and founder of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (the KCIA, now the National Intelligence Service), who served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971–1975 during president Park Chung-hee (1961–1979) and from 1998–2000 during president Kim Dae-jung (1998–2002). Kim Jong-pil was born in Buyeo County, Chungcheongnam-do. He was educated as Hwangukshinmin seosa (황국신민서사) education victim of Japanese imperial rule during primary school of 8 years old and onwards. Japanese rule period until 19 years old to be suppressed and forceful military conscription, was made

neg: Kim Jong-pil Kim Jong-pil Kim Jong-pil (; January 7, 1926 – June 23, 2018) was a South Korean politician and founder of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (the KCIA, now the National Intelligence Service), who served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971–1975 during president Park Chung-hee (1961–1979) and from 1998–2000 during president Kim Dae-jung (1998–2002). Kim Jong-pil was born in Buyeo County, Chungcheongnam-do. He was educated as Hwangukshinmin seosa (황국신민서사) education victim of Japanese imperial rule during primary school of 8 years old and onwards. Japanese rule period until 19 years old to be suppressed and forceful military conscription, was made for

neg: Project Information Literacy Mary-Ann Winkelmes. PIL hosts an annual fellowship for emerging researchers in information literacy, and runs a visiting scholar research program, with sites including the University of Nebraska--Lincoln and Purdue University. PIL has received funding from major granting organizations, companies and institutions All reports produced by PIL are open access under the CC-BY-NC license; many include open access data sets. Project Information Literacy Project Information Literacy (PIL) is a research institute that conducts national, ongoing scholarly studies on how early adults find and use information as they progress through, and beyond, their higher education years. Based in California's San Francisco Bay

neg: Korean nationalist historiography most representative "silhak" historiographical work is Seongho Yi Ik's (1681–1763) "Dongsa Gangmok" ("Essentials of the History of the Eastern Country"), which although written in a neo-Confucian framework, demonstrates a more critical than apologetic tone towards the early Joseon dynasty and its establishment. Contemporary Korean historians trace the roots of nationalist historiography to the Korean independence movement, which emerged in response to the rise of Japanese influence in Korea after Japan's victory in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). Starting in 1895, Korean newspapers started to foster new ways of imagining Korea. In 1896 Seo Jae-pil (1864–1951) and Yun Chi-ho (1864–1945) founded the

neg: Association for Democratic Reforms Association for Democratic Reforms The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) is a non-partisan, non-governmental organization which works in the area of electoral and political reforms. Along with National Election Watch (NEW), which is a conglomeration of over 1200 organizations across the country, ADR aims at bringing transparency and accountability in Indian politics and reducing the influence of money and muscle power in elections. ADR came into existence in 1999 when a group of Professors from the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad and Bangalore filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the Delhi High Court regarding the disclosure of the

neg: Giant (TV series) Pil-yeon's son, Min-woo, fall in love but cannot be allowed together because their families are enemies. Mi-joo becomes pregnant and goes into hiding while Min-woo desperately searches for her. The whole series revolves around the brothers trying to bring down Jo Pil-yeon, who is also cunning and slippery in his political tactics. Later, Sung-mo is shot in the head by an agent of Jo Pil-yeon. Miraculously, he survived, and had to hide from the KCIA. Jo Pil-yeon tries to work in the government by making false papers. Kang-mo finds out that Sung-mo has knowledge of the contents of the real

neg: Running Turtle that Gi-tae stole from him. Learning that Gi-tae was hiding somewhere in a fishing village, Pil-seong uses a bullhorn and asks Gi-tae to reveal himself. Realizing that Pil-seong has the money and Jaeseok's cell phone, Gi-tae calls him and tells him that he is next to the manwha shop where his family works. Holding a gasoline tank, he gives Pil-seong one hour to meet him and bring the money, or else he'll destroy the manwha shop with his family inside. Pil-seong did as he was told but also asked his colleagues and policemen to arrive in his family's manwha shop.

neg: Yim Pil-sung Yim Pil-sung Yim Pil-sung (born May 13, 1972) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed "Antarctic Journal" (2005), "Hansel and Gretel" (2007), and "Scarlet Innocence" (2014). Yim Pil-sung began directing short films in 1997, with "Souvenir" as his first. "Brushing" (1998), about an overweight teenage boy who is left home alone with his senile grandfather, was invited to the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival. "Baby" (1999) screened at the Venice Film Festival and Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. "Mobile" (starring Park Hae-il, Yoon Jin-seo, and Yoon Je-moon) was included in the 2003 omnibus "Show Me".

neg: Running Turtle the upper part of the human rib cage is the vulnerable area of taking his opponents down. He later buys himself his own handgun as his own personal defense weapon. In the next encounter of Gi-tae, Pil-seong got him surrounded by keeping Kyeong-joo hostage. As he forced Gi-tae to keep moving on, Pil-seong's friends intervened, causing Gi-tae to escape once again. Pil-seong's friends begged him to give up capturing Gi-tae for his own sake, but he refuses. Meanwhile, one of Gi-tae's accomplice, Pyo Jae-seok, was arrested by Pil-seong. He confiscates Jae-seok's handphone and orders him to bring back the money

neg: Yim Pil-sung girl named Shim Chung sacrifices herself so that her father's sight may be restored. But in Yim's film noir, a university professor gradually succumbing to blindness moves to a rural town and begins an obsessive affair with a young woman 17 years his junior (played by Jung Woo-sung and Esom, respectively). "Scarlet Innocence" made its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. Yim Pil-sung Yim Pil-sung (born May 13, 1972) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed "Antarctic Journal" (2005), "Hansel and Gretel" (2007), and "Scarlet Innocence" (2014). Yim Pil-sung began directing short

neg: Running Turtle Pil-seong arrived in a small fenced area and buried the money, before Gi-tae came. Wanting to capture Gi-tae, he non-fatally shoots him in the stomach with his handgun. He discards his handgun and takes Gi-tae's knife and asks for a fair fight. The battle then ensures as both Pil-seong and Gi-tae beat each other up to the pulp. Finally cornering Pil-seong, Gi-tae asks him for the money and threatens to kill him if he doesn't. Gi-tae finds the money and walks off. However, Pil-seong regained consciousness and eventually defeats his opponent by accurately striking him in the upper rib cage.

neg: Pinocchio (2014 TV series) Hyangri Island. Gong-pil, who may either have Alzheimer's disease or trauma-induced memory loss, believes that Ha-myung is his older son Choi Dal-po, a simpleton who had died thirty years earlier. Ha-myeong, who has no one else in the world, embraces the deception and treats Gong-pil as his father. Gong-pil officially adopts Ha-myeong, now named Dal-po, and places him in the family register as his eldest son. Five months later, when Gong-pil's younger son Choi Dal-pyung moves to the island with his daughter Choi In-ha, they are flabbergasted to be told by Gong-pil to address a mere boy as their "older

neg: Joint Security Area (film) first with Kyeong-pil and then Soo-hyeok. Having asked Kyeong-pil if he had a message for Soo-hyeok, Sophie gives Soo-hyeok the lighter he first gave to Kyeong-pil. Before saying goodbye and wishing him well, she reveals that Kyeong-pil told her that he saw Soo-hyeok's gun actually shot Woo-jin first during the chaos before Sung-shik shot him. On his way out, Soo-hyeok steals an officer's pistol and commits suicide out of guilt for Woo-jin's death and Sung-shik's suicide attempt. The film concludes with an American tourist's photograph of the joint security area that accidentally contains all four soldiers prior to the incident.

neg: Take Care of Us, Captain his wife's grave, Captain Han Gyu-pil receives a text message from his daughter apologizing for what she said. Captain Han Gyu-pil pulls over his car to reply back to her, but a truck then hit's Han Gyu-pil's parked car. Captain Han Gyu-pil dies from the collision. Now, Han Da-jin is left alone with her sick younger baby sister. Co-pilot Yoon-sung leaves South Korea without knowing that Captain Han Gyu-pil died. Seven years later, Han Da-jin is now a pilot. She is excited to hear that she will fly with well-regarded Captain Yoon-sung. On their first flight together, Han Da-jin makes

neg: Vaiko filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in Madras High Court requesting closure of the copper smelting plant of Sterlite Industries in Tuticorin which did not follow the waste management procedures correctly and leading to the closure of the plant. Vaiko often goes on foot marches along with his party cadres to attract attention to issues. Vaiko unequivocally supported LTTE and other organizations fighting for a separate Tamil country in Sri Lanka. He made a trip to Eelam at the height of the LTTE's war with Sri Lankan Army. Vaiko was the first member of Parliament and chief of a registered

neg: Vattisen Yaly nature, mankind and Tura". The core of Madurov's position is the concept of the "Keremet", the world tree, and the myth of Tura reborn in a tree growing from ashes, symbolizing the rebirth of man through nature. The keremets are also sacred trees and traditional worship sites spread on Chuvash lands. The immediate goals of the Turas group is the creation of spiritual revival complexes on the sites of the keremets, and to turn them into cultural monuments and natural preserves. Another phenomenon is the spontaneous revival of traditional village festivals ("ialzri"). On these occasions, reconstructed prayers and blessings ("pil",

neg: Cultural area and folklore vs. dress and architecture vs. language. Cultural areas are not considered equivalent to "Kulturkreis" (Culture circles). A culture area is a concept in cultural anthropology in which a geographic region and time sequence (age area) is characterized by substantially uniform environment and culture. The concept of culture areas was originated by museum curators and ethnologists during the late 1800s as means of arranging exhibits. Clark Wissler and Alfred Kroeber further developed the concept on the premise that they represent longstanding cultural divisions. The concept is criticized by some, who argue that the basis for classification is arbitrary. But

neg: Jah Wobble similarly broad musical tastes, and were avid fans of reggae and world music. The band began rehearsing together in May 1978, although remained unnamed until July 1978, when Lydon officially named the band Public Image (PiL) (the "Ltd" was not added until several months later), after the Muriel Spark novel "The Public Image". Wobble's bass playing drew heavily on dub, which has remained an important feature of his music. Having experimented with Lydon pre-Sex Pistols break-up, he had written a simple repetitive bassline on which Lydon wrote "Public Image". PiL debuted in October 1978 with "Public Image", which reached number

neg: Snake (video game genre) Snake (video game genre) Snake is the common name for a video game concept where the player maneuvers a line which grows in length, with the line itself being a primary obstacle. The concept originated in the 1976 arcade game "Blockade", and the ease of implementing "Snake" has led to hundreds of versions (some of which have the word "snake" or "worm" in the title) for many platforms. After a variant was preloaded on Nokia mobile phones in 1998, there was a resurgence of interest in the snake concept as it found a larger audience. There are over 300 "Snake"-like

neg: 29 September 2008 western India bombings to probe the charges made by Sadhvi Pragya and the manner in which unsubstantiated allegations have been made against army personnel. After going through her affidavit detailing how she was physically and psychologically tortured and abused in obscene languages by her interrogators, I have to express my shock and outrage. I cannot believe that such barbaric treatment has been meted out to a spiritual person, that too, a woman in a country that prides itself on its democracy and rule of law." A Shiv Sena activist then filed a PIL in the Bombay High Court, to see the investigation handed

neg: Chandra Canal Chandra Canal The Chandra Nahar Canal is an irrigation canal established in the northeastern Saptari district of Nepal by Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, one of the Prime Ministers during the Rana era (1846–1951) of Nepal, was the first canal in the country. It originated from the Triyuga river at Fattepur. The canal was constructed by the first engineer of Nepal, Dilli Jung Thapa, who studied engineering at Roorkee University. In the context of Nepal, concept and management of irrigation development has started in the collective activism and participation of local farmers than the state. It seems that the state

neg: Ekiden Ekiden The term originated in Japan, although the concept of a long distance relay race is not unique to any country. The first "ekiden" race was sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun in 1917, and was run over three days between the old Japanese capital of Kyoto and the modern capital of Tokyo, a distance of 508 km, to celebrate the anniversary of the moving of the capital to Tokyo. As written in Japanese, "Ekiden" combines the characters for "station" (駅) and "transmit" (伝). This name was coined by the poet Toki Zemmaro (1885–1980), who was head of the Yomiuri Shimbun's

neg: Least Developed Countries Least Developed Countries The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) is a list of developing countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed by the UN in its resolution 2768 (XXVI) of 18 November 1971. A country is classified among the Least Developed Countries if it meets three criteria: LDC criteria are reviewed every three years by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP) of the UN

neg: Jon Schmidt containing original scores. He has developed a "Ten Week Note-Reading Method" for adults and children. Schmidt became a member of The Piano Guys in 2010. The group and its music video concept originated as the social-media strategy of Paul Anderson, owner of The Piano Guys piano store in St. George, Utah. Anderson knew Schmidt from the latter's visits to the store; Schmidt enjoyed practicing on the pianos in the showroom whenever he came to town. In 2009 Anderson saw a music video that Schmidt had uploaded to YouTube, "Love Story Meets Viva la Vida" – blending the Taylor Swift country

neg: Roller disco Roller disco A roller disco is a discothèque or skating rink where all the dancers wear roller skates of some kind (traditional quad or inline). The music played is modern and easily danceable, historically disco but in modern times including almost any form of dance, pop or rock music. The concept originated as a fad in the 1970s when the disco craze was at its height, peaking around 1980 and inspiring several roller-disco magazines. In 1984 the fad arrived in the United Kingdom and many roller discos popped up all over the country , the craze has largely discontinued, although

neg: H. Wheeler Robinson was not in the concept of Corporate Personality, but rather in the concept of the invasion of the human psyche by the divine Spirit. Wheeler Robinson had found that this concept in fact originated in animism, though it was subsequently developed to much greater religious depth in Hebrew thought. The sociological and anthropological material on which Wheeler Robinson drew was later discredited. However, Mason believed that Wheeler Robinson's main concepts were drawn from his study of the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures themselves, and that his use of comparative material from the ancient Near East served mainly as an illustration, rather

neg: Boycotts of Israel the dynamic in this battle." In an effort to combat BDS, in March 2011, NGO Monitor produced "the BDS Sewer System" intended to provide detailed information about boycott campaigns against Israel. After the post-punk group PiL went to Tel Aviv to headline the Heineken Music Conference 2010 Festival in August 2010, British musician John Lydon responded to criticism by saying: "If Elvis-fucking-Costello wants to pull out of a gig in Israel because he's suddenly got this compassion for Palestinians, then good on him. But I have absolutely one rule, right? Until I see an Arab country, a Muslim country, with

neg: Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power Aquamarine Power was a wave energy company, which was founded in 2005 to commercialise a wave energy device concept known as the Oyster wave energy converter. The company's head offices were based in Edinburgh. The company had further operations in Orkney, Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United States. Its chief executive officer was Martin McAdam, who joined the company in 2008. The company was advised by Trevor Whittaker, inventor of the Oyster concept, and Stephen Salter, inventor of the Salter's Duck. The Oyster concept originated from studies conducted in 2003 by the wave power research team at Queen's

neg: Portland Interscholastic League administrators who have been a part of the PIL. PIL Teams have competed in the OSAA State Basketball Championship since it was first held in 1919. Portland Interscholastic League The Portland Interscholastic League (PIL) is a high school athletic conference in Portland, Oregon that is a member of the Oregon School Activities Association (OSAA). It consists of high schools in the Portland Public Schools district. Competition among member schools dates back to at least 1900. The conference has nine schools in the OSAA 6A classification. The teams in the conference had competed in as many as three classifications since 2006,

neg: Logotherapy the relationships between religiosity and well-being; uncontrollable stress and substance use; depression and self-derogation. Crumbaugh found that the Seeking of Noetic Goals Test (SONG) is a complementary measure of the PIL. While the PIL measures the presence of meaning, the SONG measures orientation towards meaning. A low score in the PIL but a high score in the SONG, would predict a better outcome in the application of Logotherapy. According to Frankl, "We can discover this meaning in life in three different ways: (1) by creating a work or doing a deed; (2) by experiencing something or encountering someone; and (3)

neg: Pil Trafa broke up in 1995. In 1999, together with Stuka form the duo "Stku@Pil", and edited an Homonym album and separated in 2000. In 2004, he released his first solo album, entitled "El monopolio de las palabras" (in English: "The monopoly of the words") and their first single was a cover of Manu Chao, "Clandestino". In 2015, he released his second solo album with his new band "Los Violadores de la Ley", entitled "Último hombre", material produced by Steve Diggle, bassist Buzzcocks. Since the 1990s, Pil Trafa relocated to Lima, Peru, where he lives with Peruvian producer Claudia Huerta and his

neg: Pil Trafa son Ian. Pil Trafa Enrique Chalar (born February 1, 1959), better known as Pil Trafa, is a singer and Argentine composer. He is regarded as the pioneer of punk in Spanish in Latin America, with his band Los Violadores. Chalar began his musical career in the early 1980s, when he formed Los Violadores ("The Violators", referring to breaking the law, as mentioned in one of their songs, "Violadores de la Ley"); with Gustavo Fossá (Stuka) in electric guitar, Sergio Gramática on drums and Robert "Polish" Zelazek on bass. This 1983-1991 lineup released six studio albums, influenced British punk bands like

neg: Pil Trafa Pil Trafa Enrique Chalar (born February 1, 1959), better known as Pil Trafa, is a singer and Argentine composer. He is regarded as the pioneer of punk in Spanish in Latin America, with his band Los Violadores. Chalar began his musical career in the early 1980s, when he formed Los Violadores ("The Violators", referring to breaking the law, as mentioned in one of their songs, "Violadores de la Ley"); with Gustavo Fossá (Stuka) in electric guitar, Sergio Gramática on drums and Robert "Polish" Zelazek on bass. This 1983-1991 lineup released six studio albums, influenced British punk bands like Sex Pistols,

neg: Pil Trafa The Clash, The Damned, The Jam and Buzzcocks. Among the best known songs of the band are: "Represión", "Uno, dos ultraviolento", "Más allá del bien, más allá del mal", "Fuera de sektor", "Violadores de la ley" and "Comunicado 166". With several lineup changes, Pil Trafa was the only permanent member until the final separation in 2011. In 1992, at the first separation of Los Violadores, Pil Trafa formed Pilsen, a group that only released two albums between 1993 and 1994, and would have production of former Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones and Ronald Biggs, The famous "train robber". This band

neg: Haecceity Haecceity "Haecceity" (; from the Latin "haecceitas", which translates as "thisness") is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the discrete qualities, properties or characteristics of a thing that make it a "particular" thing. Haecceity is a person's or object's "thisness", the individualising difference between the concept "a man" and the concept "Socrates" ("i.e.", a specific person). Haecceity is a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti esti (τὸ τί ἐστι) or "the what (it) is." Charles Sanders Peirce later

neg: Jah Wobble Jah Wobble John Joseph Wardle (born 11 August 1958), known by the stage name Jah Wobble, is an English bass guitarist, singer, poet and composer. He became known to a wider audience as the original bass player in Public Image Ltd (PiL) in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but left the band after two albums. Following his departure from PiL, he went on to a successful solo career, continuing to the present. In 2009, he published his autobiography, "Memoirs of a Geezer". In 2012, he reunited with fellow PiL guitarist Keith Levene for Metal Box In Dub and the

neg: Jah Wobble Jah Wobble John Joseph Wardle (born 11 August 1958), known by the stage name Jah Wobble, is an English bass guitarist, singer, poet and composer. He became known to a wider audience as the original bass player in Public Image Ltd (PiL) in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but left the band after two albums. Following his departure from PiL, he went on to a successful solo career, continuing to the present. In 2009, he published his autobiography, "Memoirs of a Geezer". In 2012, he reunited with fellow PiL guitarist Keith Levene for Metal Box In Dub and the