query: in which city was the world 's first planetarium projector installed in 1923

pos: Zeiss projector Zeiss projector A Zeiss projector is one of a line of planetarium projectors manufactured by the Carl Zeiss Company. The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built in 1924 by the Zeiss Works of Jena, Germany in 1924. Zeiss projectors are designed to sit in the middle of a dark, dome-covered room and project an accurate image of the stars and other astronomical objects on the dome. They are generally large, complicated, and imposing machines. The first Zeiss Mark I projector (the first planetarium projector in the world) was installed in the Deutsches Museum in Munich in August, 1923.

pos: Zeiss projector Zeiss projector A Zeiss projector is one of a line of planetarium projectors manufactured by the Carl Zeiss Company. The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built in 1924 by the Zeiss Works of Jena, Germany in 1924. Zeiss projectors are designed to sit in the middle of a dark, dome-covered room and project an accurate image of the stars and other astronomical objects on the dome. They are generally large, complicated, and imposing machines. The first Zeiss Mark I projector (the first planetarium projector in the world) was installed in the Deutsches Museum in Munich in August, 1923.

pos: Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium had suggested this idea to Oskar von Miller, another German engineer and also the founder President of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Planetarium Jena, the oldest continuously operating planetarium in the world used this idea of projector for the first time in 1926. After the first modern planetarium, for the next twenty years many planetariums were established in Europe, Japan and America, however not in India. During the late 1930s, Armand Spitz, a part-time lecturer at "The Fels Planetarium " of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia,had started developing his own projector for the planetarium. However, while designing an inexpensive planetarium

neg: Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium projector, Spitz realized the difficulties involving the icosahedron shaped projector globe. He approached Albert Einstein for a solution. Following Einstein's suggestion Spitz used a dodecahedron and managed to produce an inexpensive planetarium projector. This planetarium is believed to be the only planetarium in the world that is running its shows with this projector for more than sixty years. The projector installed in Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium is Spitz A1 instrument imported from Philadelphia. It is the oldest planetarium instrument in India that was still operational. Since 2004, the projector remained out of order resulting suspension of planetarium shows. However, efforts were

neg: Planetarium projector Planetarium projector A planetarium projector is a device used to project images of celestial objects onto the dome in a planetarium. The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built by the Carl Zeiss Jena company in Germany between 1923 and 1925, and have since grown more complex. Smaller projectors include a set of fixed stars, Sun, Moon, and planets, and various nebulae. Larger machines also include comets and a far greater selection of stars. Additional projectors can be added to show twilight around the outside of the screen (complete with city or country scenes) as well as the Milky

neg: Planetarium much else, from removable cylinders (Viewlex and others followed with their own portable versions). When Germany reunified in 1989, the two Zeiss firms did likewise, and expanded their offerings to cover many different size domes. In 1983, Evans & Sutherland installed the first planetarium projector displaying computer graphics (Hansen Planetarium, Salt Lake City, Utah)—the Digistar I projector used a vector graphics system to display starfields as well as line art. The newest generation of planetaria offer a fully digital projection system, using fulldome video technology. This gives the operator great flexibility in showing not only the modern night sky as

neg: Planetarium projector the Emerald planetariums LITE series, at 42lbs to 62lbs, and the Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc Digitarium Iota and Delta 3, at 20.6 and 33.5 lbs, respectively, cater to portable planetariums. Planetarium projector A planetarium projector is a device used to project images of celestial objects onto the dome in a planetarium. The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built by the Carl Zeiss Jena company in Germany between 1923 and 1925, and have since grown more complex. Smaller projectors include a set of fixed stars, Sun, Moon, and planets, and various nebulae. Larger machines also include comets and a

neg: Rose Center for Earth and Space wonderful things which are daily occurring in the universe." Joseph M. Chamberlain, hired as an assistant curator in 1952, became Chairman of the Planetarium in 1956. In 1960, a Zeiss Mark IV projector was installed, followed by a Zeiss Mark VI projector and new seats in 1993. In January 1997, the original Hayden Planetarium was closed and demolished. In August 1999, a new, customized Zeiss Mark IX projector was installed, accompanied by a digital dome projection system that provides a 3-D visualization of the universe based on images generated in real time by a Silicon Graphics supercomputer. On February 19,

neg: Von Braun Astronomical Society group of the original rocket scientists brought over from Germany after World War II. The facility played a historic role in the Apollo moon landing. Von Braun and his colleagues used the newly installed 21" Classical Cassegrain telescope in the Swanson Observatory (then the Monte Sano Observatory) to search for possible landing sites for the Apollo program. Planetarium The VBAS planetarium consists of a 33 ft diameter dome and utilizes a Spitz A3P planetarium projector. The planetarium seats approximately 80 visitors. An interesting fact about the planetarium is that the dome was originally used as part of a first stage

neg: Abrams Planetarium was first opened, it was installed with a Spitz Intermediate Space Transit Planetarium projector. The projector was highly advanced for its time, weighing almost 1000 pounds less than similar projectors of its time, allowing it to move in ways most projectors could not. The Spitz projected using lights and lenses, with a star hemisphere map on each end of the projector. Each side of the projector has 4000 holes to represent the night sky and is lit with high pressure xenon gas lamps inside the arc lamps. It duplicates the motions of the five naked eye planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars,

neg: Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science Building style" and featured an octagonal copper dome that housed the projector. Equipment in the Buhl Planetarium included a Zeiss II Planetarium projector with 106 lenses capable of producing 9000 images of stars. The projector was manufactured by the Zeiss Optical Works in Jena, Germany, at a cost of $135,000. The planetarium had a 492-seat “Theater of the Stars” with a 65-foot-diameter dome. This projector is still in operation and is the oldest operating projector in the world. The Buhl Planetarium was the first building of its type to have a special sound system for the hearing-impaired in its operating theater.

neg: Armagh Planetarium included individual lamps to project images of the Sun, Moon and planets. This was followed by a Viewlex-Minolta Roman IIb (1977-1994), which is still in use in its current home at South Downs Planetarium in England. The first digital projector installed in Armagh was an Evans and Sutherland Digistar 1 (1994-1995). Armagh was the first planetarium in the UK to use this new technology but it was soon replaced by the even more advanced Digistar 2 (1995-2006). The latest Digistar 5 is a new state-of-the-art computer system projecting full-colour fulldome video across the entire dome. Armagh Planetarium Armagh Planetarium is

neg: Zeiss projector of 631 projectors. Therefore, the following table is highly incomplete. Zeiss projector A Zeiss projector is one of a line of planetarium projectors manufactured by the Carl Zeiss Company. The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built in 1924 by the Zeiss Works of Jena, Germany in 1924. Zeiss projectors are designed to sit in the middle of a dark, dome-covered room and project an accurate image of the stars and other astronomical objects on the dome. They are generally large, complicated, and imposing machines. The first Zeiss Mark I projector (the first planetarium projector in the world) was

neg: Staerkel Planetarium late sixties as part of Phase V in the construction of Parkland College’s campus. The cultural center was divided into two parts, the theatre and the planetarium, which together cost an estimated $4.2 million to build. (News-Gazette) The planetarium was named after Parkland College’s founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years of its life, during the dedication on 1987-10-01. The planetarium officially opened to the public on 1987-10-22. The Planetarium uses the Zeiss Model M1015 star projector, manufactured by Carl Zeiss, Inc. of Germany. It is the first of its kind to be installed anywhere in

neg: Strasenburgh Planetarium Strasenburgh Planetarium The Strasenburgh Planetarium is a public planetarium located at 663 East Avenue in the city of Rochester, New York. It is named after its benefactors, Edwin and Clara Strasenburgh. It is a department of the Rochester Museum and Science Center. The Planetarium was dedicated on September 14, 1968. The 65-foot-diameter Star Theater originally seated 240 people. The original seats were replaced in 1985; as currently configured, the theater seats 225. The Star Theater houses the first Zeiss Mark VI planetarium projector; it is still in daily operation. The planetarium received world-wide attention by being the first to be

neg: Planetarium Wallace W. Atwood's work at the Chicago Academy of Sciences and by the ideas of Walther Bauersfeld and Rudolf Straubel at Zeiss. The result was a planetarium design which would generate all the necessary movements of the stars and planets inside the optical projector, and would be mounted centrally in a room, projecting images onto the white surface of a hemisphere. In August 1923, the first (Model I) Zeiss planetarium projected images of the night sky onto the white plaster lining of a 16 m hemispherical concrete dome, erected on the roof of the Zeiss works. The first official public

neg: Johannesburg Planetarium Committee were taken over by the Johannesburg City Council, which after further negotiations, sold the projector to the University of the Witwatersrand for use as both an academic facility for the instruction of students, and as a public amenity. Plans for a new building to house the projector were first drawn up in 1958, and construction began in 1959. The planetarium finally opened on 12 October 1960. The Johannesburg Planetarium is often consulted by the media, and the public, in order to explain unusual occurrences in the skies over South Africa. In 2010, the Johannesburg Planetarium celebrated its golden jubilee.

neg: Bangkok Planetarium Bangkok Planetarium The Bangkok Planetarium is the oldest planetarium in Thailand and Southeast Asia. It is located on Sukhumvit Road in Bangkok as part of the Science Centre for Education, which is operated by the Department of Non-Formal Education of the Ministry of Education. Construction of the planetarium began in 1962 with a budget of twelve million baht and it opened on 18 August 1964. The planetarium dome is 20.60 metres in diameter and 13 metres high, and holds 450 seats. The planetarium uses a Mark IV Zeiss projector, which was the first installation of a large planetarium projector in

neg: Bryan-Gooding Planetarium special effects projectors. In 1996, the automation system was upgraded to the JHE automation system. The star projector (Planetarium) was built by a German company named Carl Zeiss AG, and was capable of displaying 8,900 stars. The projector used two 500-watt lamps at each end of the projector. Michael Reynolds was the first planetarium director who designed the first planetarium programs which included a lecture series, workshops for teachers and a seminar about telescope makers. The Henry and Lucy Gooding Endowment and the Bryan family made a gift of nearly half a million dollars to MOSH in June 2010 to

neg: Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium A Zeiss projector was then purchased, at a cost of Cr $ 3,000,000 (including transportation; 1952 values), arriving at the Port of Santos by 29 May 1952. Also in 1952, Orsini was commissioned to study the installation of the projector in a planetarium in the city, for which he visited Urania Sternwarte, Switzerland, and interned at the planetarium at Palais de la Découverte, Paris; he then recommended the creation of a science Museum in the same style as that in Paris, with the planetarium attached, which was never realised. The architects of the final building were Antonio Carlos, Eduardo Corona

neg: Linden Observatory Complex Museum of Victoria in 1965, the Launceston Planetarium , another Zeiss projector installed in 1969 and the South Australian University Zeiss planetarium installed in 1972. Ken Beames' workshop with its tools and equipment remains intact and includes work pieces, custom made tools, machinery and jigs which demonstrate practical solutions to problems encountered, including the need to mass produce high precision items, eg: sighting telescopes, lens' and parabolic mirrors. All items of Ken Beames' construction, both the central objects such as the planetarium, telescopes and clocks, and the tools he constructed to hwelp make these objects, demonstrate very high levels of

neg: Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium 1997) and Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico (Condephaat; 1992). It closed in 1995–1997. In 1999 the building was closed by structural problems resulting in a roof leak, as well as a termite infestation. It was restored at a cost of R$9.6 million, re-opening on 22 September 2006. During the restoration, led by Carl Zeiss AG, modern projectors were installed. The planetarium closed in May 2013 for renovation after a lightning strike damaged the projector. It reopened on 24 January 2016, a day before the city's anniversary. The planetarium uses a Starmaster projector, manufactured by Carl

neg: Planetario Luis Enrique Erro audio, acoustics and lighting. Planetario Luis Enrique Erro Planetario Luis Enrique Erro is a planetarium located in Mexico City, owned and operated by the National Polytechnic Institute. It was the first planetarium in Mexico open to the public and is one of the oldest in Latin America. It was opened in 1967 and operated for over 39 years with a planetarium projector model "Mark 4". It was reopened to the public on 15 January 2007 after renovation and modernization costing about 43 million pesos. Its innovations include a stellar dome and new digital projection systems Digistar 3 provided by E&S

neg: Planetario Luis Enrique Erro Planetario Luis Enrique Erro Planetario Luis Enrique Erro is a planetarium located in Mexico City, owned and operated by the National Polytechnic Institute. It was the first planetarium in Mexico open to the public and is one of the oldest in Latin America. It was opened in 1967 and operated for over 39 years with a planetarium projector model "Mark 4". It was reopened to the public on 15 January 2007 after renovation and modernization costing about 43 million pesos. Its innovations include a stellar dome and new digital projection systems Digistar 3 provided by E&S through Ecosistemas de México,

neg: Williams College it now contains the Mehlin Museum of Astronomy, including Alvan Clark's first telescope (from 1852), as well as the Milham Planetarium, which uses a Zeiss Skymaster ZKP3/B optomechanical projector and an Ansible digital projector, both installed in 2005. The Hopkins Observatory's 0.6-m DFM reflecting telescope (1991) is installed elsewhere on the campus. Williams joins with Wellesley, Wesleyan, Middlebury, Colgate, Vassar, Swarthmore, and Haverford/Bryn Mawr to form the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium, sponsored for over a decade by the Keck Foundation and now with its student research programs sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Hopkins Hall serves as the administration building

neg: Fiske Planetarium Fiske Planetarium Fiske Planetarium and Science Center is a public museum dedicated to educating the public on astronomy and astrophysics. It is a constituent of the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, located in Boulder, Colorado. Fiske was founded in 1975, by a donation from Wallace Franz Fiske. It is located at the Southeast tip of the University of Colorado Boulder. In 2013, Fiske underwent a major upgrade where the facility retired their 38-year-old, Zeiss Mark VI Star projector to a Megastar Star Ball. They also installed a 6-projector system capable of projecting fulldome

neg: Eugene Science Center llB under a Astro-Tec dome. The planetarium offers live and pre-recorded digital shows to the public year-round on Friday mornings, all day on weekends, and every day during the summer. The planetarium also offers laser shows on Friday and Saturday nights. In March 2017, the digital planetarium projector failed. After months of fundraising for a permanent replacement system, a new, state-of-the-art, projector was installed in August 2018, employing laser-phosphor technology. The new equipment provides full-dome projection in high-contrast, 4k resolution. A large portion of Eugene Science Center's Exhibit Hall can be devoted to temporary traveling exhibits. Notable past exhibits include

neg: Bryan-Gooding Planetarium until the new laser projection system and multicolored LED lighting system were installed in late summer. Bryan-Gooding Planetarium Bryan-Gooding Planetarium in the Alexander Brest Science Theatre is a planetarium in the Museum of Science and History in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. It was built in 1988 and featured a dome-shaped projection screen, JBL stereo sound system, and a Zeiss Jena Optical mechanical planetarium star projector. The facility has seating for 200, and approximately 60,000 people see a planetarium show each year. The planetarium was built with a donation by the late Alexander Brest, and was originally known as the Alexander Brest

neg: Science Museum of Virginia Also introduced was the Solar Challenger, the world's first successful solar airplane, which had just completed a world tour to celebrate its first solar-powered flight from Paris to London. In 1983 the Museum dedicated its new Universe Planetarium & Space Theater, now called The Dome. The Theater's Digistar planetarium projector was the world's first computer/video planetarium projection system and the first that could take visitors on simulated trips through both time and space. Its film projection system was only one of a handful around the world capable of showing 70 mm OMNIMAX films. The theaters' sound system featured over one

neg: Birla Planetarium, Kolkata It reopended to public on 18 July 2017, after closing down for 28 months of renovations work. The new planetarium system for the Birla Planetarium is a so-called ZEISS Hybrid Planetarium, with the STARMASTER, an optical-mechanical planetarium projector (also called “Starball”) working in synch with a dome video display system. The Starball presents the most realistic starfield in the dome with superimposed images of constellation outlines, space objects like nebula and galaxies, planets and moons by the VELVET digital video system, called fulldome projection. The technical upgrade was delivered and installed by the German company Carl Zeiss AG. Birla Planetarium,

neg: Jakarta Planetarium and Observatory the Carl Zeiss Universal planetarium projector In 1975, a coudé telescope that was already a property of the institution since the 1964s was installed in a two-floored building not far from the planetarium. In 1982, the coudé telescope was moved closer to the present observatory because the land where the telescope stands earlier belongs to another owner. In 1984, Jakarta Planetarium became officially the Jakarta Planetarium and Observatory. In 1991, the building was extended and facilities such as class rooms, were added. In 1994, a 31 cm star telescope was acquired to replace the older telescope. Major renovation and technological

neg: Pottsville Area High School end of the stadium was deemed unstable and suffered collapses and required numerous tons of fill to render the field safe for athletic competition. In 1966, a planetarium-observatory was added to the school's 3rd Floor. The planetarium was installed in what was the East Study Hall area and seats 72 observers, while the observatory located on the roof of the East Wing can accommodate 20 observers. The planetarium features a star projector manufactured by Spitz Laboratories, Inc., of Yorklyn, Delaware which is capable of producing night skies featuring stars, the solar system, coordinates, and the earth's geography. In order to

neg: Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium shows per year in the Cosmic Skydome for public and school groups, observing sessions in the observatory and occasional public field nights. The original Zeiss star projector was removed from the Cosmic Skydome during the upgrade in 2010 and was placed on display in the foyer in early 2012. A replacement optical star projector by Ohira Tech was installed in the Cosmic Skydome in early 2013. Access to the display areas and mini theatre are free. Admission charges apply for the Cosmic Skydome and the observatory. The Planetarium is closed on Mondays and is usually closed for up to two

neg: Minneapolis Public Library central library, the Minneapolis Planetarium found its home there, possessing a projector machine literally older than the space age itself (originally delivered and installed in 1954, three years before the launch of Sputnik I). In 2005, the Minnesota Legislature apportioned funding for a new planetarium, then planned to be on the roof of the new Central Library building. Instead, the planetarium is now planned to be part of a new Bell Museum of Natural History building, on the University of Minnesota's Saint Paul campus. The first two branches of the Minneapolis Public Library opened in 1890, one each on the

neg: Minneapolis Central Library exceeded $10 million. The Minneapolis Public Library system (which consisted of 14 branch libraries in addition to Central) joined the 26-library Hennepin County Library system on January 1, 2008. The administration for the unified library system remained at Ridgedale Library in Minnetonka. The Minneapolis Planetarium Society was located at the second MPLIC building using a projector machine literally older than the space age itself (delivered and installed originally in 1954, three years before the launch of Sputnik I). In 2005, the Minnesota Legislature apportioned funding for the inclusion of a planetarium in the new Central Library building. The Minnesota Planetarium

neg: Johannesburg Planetarium new instrument, it was decided to buy an existing planetarium projector from Europe. After lengthy negotiations, the Festival Committee was successful in persuading the Parliament of Hamburg to sell their planetarium's projector which had been in use there since 1930. The Hamburg Parliament, however, imposed as its conditions that the planetarium's projector be fully modernised in the Zeiss factory at Oberkochen, and that Johannesburg would in due course have a new planetarium built for Hamburg. The Hamburg projector was immediately dismantled and moved to Oberkochen for an overhaul, and was in time completely rebuilt. Soon, the responsibilities of the Festival

neg: Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium factor of 10, giving the imager a field of view of 18 arcminutes. The telescope can be used remotely by observers from anywhere in the world, alleviating the need to be on campus when conducting research. Research conducted using the Holcomb telescope includes asteroids, eclipsing variable stars, exoplanets, and long period variables in globular star clusters. Second, the planetarium had its old Spitz AP3 star projector replaced with a fulldome digital projector in 2018 The new Digitarium Kappa projector projects more that 4 million pixels onto the dome of the planetarium. It can show the sky as it was millions

neg: Morehead Planetarium and Science Center April 2011, primarily for field trip groups. This projector displays about 8,900 different stars on the dome overhead. The analog planetarium shows are a combined effort of the Zeiss projector, slide projectors and video projectors working together to form a multimedia experience. Planetarium officials hope to display at least a portion of the projector somewhere in the center. The projector was removed in August 2011. On February 23, 2007, Morehead opened its first interactive exhibit, "Zoom In: Science at the Extremes". It features current science at the extremes of size and scale, including research done by UNC scientists. "The Ancient

neg: University of the Witwatersrand was the first full-sized planetarium in Africa and the second in the Southern Hemisphere. It was originally bought by the Johannesburg municipality to be set up as part of the celebration of the city's seventieth anniversary. After acquiring an old projector from the Hamburg Planetarium, which was modernised before being shipped to South Africa, the municipality sold the projector to the university for use as both an academic facility for the instruction of students, and as a public amenity. Plans for a new building to house the projector were first drawn up in 1958, and construction began in 1959. The

neg: Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet not taking place is the large black planetarium projector called "Miss Jena", which is placed on a stage in front of the seats. The planetarium has electricity when the protagonist arrives, but only for a short time. Once a year, for 168 hours, electricity in the planetarium is operational, but the projector is broken. The rest of the floors in the department store are in ruins; mold and rats run rampant. While dodging detection from war machines in a ruined city, the protagonist enters a building with a dome on the roof to search for usable supplies. Once inside the

neg: Birla Planetarium, Chennai projector was installed at a cost of 2.1 million. The planetarium building features a circumferential hall of fame around the main theatre with portraits and statues of scientists and photographs and models of various heavenly bodies, celestial phenomena and space missions. In 2009, the U.S. Consulate at Chennai donated portraits of Neil Armstrong, Sunita Williams and Kalpana Chawla for display in the hall of fame to commemorate increasing Indo-U.S. space ties. The planetarium also offers courses in astronomy and night-sky observations. There is a seminar hall and a classroom studio at the planetarium, where discussions and workshops are conducted by

neg: National Planetarium (Manila) 8, 1975 with Maximo Sacro Jr. as its first curator. The National Planetarium is high and has a seating capacity of 310. It is equipped with a GM-15-S Goto starball projector acquired since 1975. It features four daily regular shows and a permanent exhibit in the main building featuring paintings of Philippine astronomical myths and beliefs and diorama representations of the Solar System, major constellations and astronomists. In 2012, the National Planetarium had more than 40,000 visitors, mostly students from Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Its exhibition drew over 2,000 visitors. National Planetarium (Manila) The National Planetarium (), also known

neg: Planetarium projector Way. Still others add coordinate lines and constellations, photographic slides, laser displays, and other images. The OMNIMAX movie system (now known as IMAX Dome) was originally designed to operate on planetarium screens. Companies that make (or have made) planetarium projectors include Carl Zeiss Jena (Germany), Spitz (US), Goto and Minolta (Japan), Evans & Sutherland (US), Emerald planetariums (Israel) and Ohira Tech (Japan). A good example of a "typical" planetarium projector of the 1960s was the Universal Projection Planetarium type 23/6, made by VEB Carl Zeiss Jena in what was then East Germany. The planetarium projector was a -long dumbbell-shaped object,

neg: South Downs Planetarium & Science Centre who wanted to establish an educational centre to promote astronomy, space and Earth sciences on the south coast of England. In 1994 West Sussex County Council made available a plot of land and a barn which after subsequent rebuilding work formed the main Planetarium building. The establishment is in the south of Chichester, now being called the Sir Patrick Moore Building in Kingsham Road, Chichester, West Sussex. Another Planetarium was being built then on the outskirts of Winchester northwest. At about the same time, a Viewlex-Minolta S-IIb star projector (dating from 1977) was retired by the Armagh Planetarium and acquired

neg: Civic Planetarium of Lecco Civic Planetarium of Lecco The Civic Planetarium of Lecco ( or ) also known as the City Planetarium is located within Palazzo Belgioioso in Lecco, Italy. Planetarium is part of Natural History Museum of Lecco. The purpose of the planetarium is to be a place for specialists and people interested in astronomy in the region. It organizes meetings and lessons in which experiences and expertise are shared. The Amateur Astronomers Group "DEEP SPACE Lecco" helps manage the observatory. The instrument consists of a projector and an aluminum dome, which acts as a screen. It can be used to simulate the

neg: Coats Observatory 10-inch Equatorial built by Howard Grubb of Dublin. Both telescopes are still operational and used during the winter viewing nights. A planetarium projector was installed in 1994, providing a view of the night sky as it would appear above Paisley on a clear night. The constellations and the position of the planets could be projected on to the roof, giving the illusion of being outdoors observing the movement of the stars. This projector was replaced in 2012 with a digital one which projects the night sky in even greater detail. Coats Observatory was furnished with a wide range of scientific

neg: Zeiss projector It possessed a distinctive appearance, with a single sphere of projection lenses supported above a large, angled "planet cage". Marks II through VI were similar in appearance, using two spheres of star projectors separated along a central axis that contained projectors for the planets. Beginning with Mark VII, the central axis was eliminated and the two spheres were merged into a single, egg-shaped projection unit. The Mark I was created in 1923–1924 and was the world's first modern planetarium projector. The Mark II was developed during the 1930s by Carl Zeiss AG in Jena. Following WWII division of Germany and

neg: 2008 United States presidential debates 78-year-old, as Brokaw pointed out, "child of the Depression" about sacrifices that Americans might have to make in the future. McCain responded that spending– besides defense, veterans' affairs, and certain other programs that he specified during the first debate– would have to be frozen. McCain was critical of Obama's support for a $3 million earmark which would have bought a new planetarium projector for Chicago's Adler Planetarium, the oldest planetarium in the Western Hemisphere. The current Zeiss Mark VI projector is 40 years old and no longer supported by its manufacturer, Carl Zeiss AG. McCain referred to it as an

neg: Olbers-Planetarium the Schnoor and the Schlachte promenade. The planetarium offers shows 365 days a year. During the school holidays in Bremen the planetarium is running a holiday programme. All shows are held in German, however it is possible to request shows in a different language. Shows usually last about one hour. The planetarium opened its doors on 23 January 1952. Back in the day it was part of the nautical college in Bremen, now the City University of Applied Sciences and its primary cause was to train nautical students in Celestial navigation. The first projector in place was the ZKP 1,

neg: Morehead Planetarium and Science Center planetarium seats about 240 people, with a dome that is in diameter and tall. It currently boasts two different projection systems. In February 2010, Morehead introduced its new fulldome digital video (FDV) projection system, the largest FDV installation in the southeastern United States. The new system provides super-high-definition image resolution, 5.1 surround sound and a uniquely immersive planetarium experience. Funding for the new system was provided by GlaxoSmithKline, and the planetarium's star theater is now named the GlaxoSmithKline Fulldome Theater. Morehead's historic star projector, a Carl Zeiss Model VI, was installed in 1969 and remained in limited use as of

neg: Planetarium of Bogotá the Natural Science Museum, the Film District and the Museum of Modern Art. In 2008, when the city turned 470 years old, the Planetarium bought a new projector. In order to provide better service to visitors, a public a souvenir shop and a modern café were created. In 2011 began the final stage of planetary remodeling which reinforced the structure, improved signage, renewed dome projection screen, expanded capacity and built the Space Museum, which consists of five interactive rooms. Planetarium of Bogotá The Planetarium of Bogotá is a cultural center and planetarium located in the International Center of Bogota, Colombia,

neg: California Academy of Sciences a major port for the Pacific War arena. The post-war years saw a flurry of new construction on the site; the Science Hall was added in 1951, followed by the Morrison Planetarium in 1952. The Morrison Planetarium was the seventh major planetarium to open in the United States and featured a one-of-a-kind star projector, built by Academy staff members (in part using the expertise gained doing the optical work for the US Navy during World War II). The Academy Projector produced a remarkably natural-looking star field. It projected irregularly shaped stars, rather than the circular stars projected by many optical

neg: Planetarium of Nantes Nantes will be built on the upper part of Square Moisan (abandoned at this time). Opened to the public on June 18, 1981, the planetarium is equipped with a Carl Zeiss projector, model ZKP2 identical to that of Reims, Nimes (which will open a year later) and Marseille (which will burn quickly). Between 1999 and 2000, the City of Nantes expanded the premises with two offices of 9m2 (97 ft2), which allows to expand the lobby and install some models and collections of meteorites. 5 years later, in the autumn of 2005, for approximately 480,000 euros, the opto-mechanical projector Zeiss

neg: Birla Planetarium, Chennai the functioning of the Birla Planetarium. The centre functions under the chairmanship of the minister of education. The planetarium was inaugurated on 11 May 1988 by the then President of India R. Venkataraman. There are about 8 staff at the planetarium. The centre has branches in Coimbatore, Vellore and Trichy. The planetarium is equipped with a versatile opto-mechanical GOTO GM II starfield projector, an accompanying special-effects projector and an X-Y table system for simulating various celestial phenomena. The GM II projector has the provision to execute the diurnal, annual, latitudinal, and precessional motions. The pierced hemispherical inner dome of the

neg: Drake Planetarium and Science Center Drake Planetarium and Science Center Drake Planetarium & Science Center is a 70-seat planetarium and science center located within Norwood High School in Norwood, Ohio, a city surrounded by Cincinnati. Drake Science Center is located on the first floor of Norwood Middle School. The facility is named after Dr. Frank Drake, in honor of his research on extra-terrestrial life. The planetarium includes a 35-foot domed theater, featuring an analog Spitz system custom built in Germany, a high-definition full-dome projection system, and high efficiency LED flood lighting. The optical star projector and an immersive projection system produce a vibrant night sky

neg: Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science Space Transit Planetarium was added with a Spitz Model B Space Transit Projector. The projector was the last (of 12) of its type that was built, and the last one still in operation in 2015. The Planetarium was the home of the national astronomy show "Star Gazers" with Jack Horkheimer. The museum and planetarium closed in 2015 in advance of the opening of the new museum. The dismantled Spitz projector is a permanent display piece in the new Frost Planetarium that opened in 2017 (see below). In March 2011, Miami native Phillip Frost and his wife, Patricia, donated $35 million

neg: Sultan Iskandar Planetarium a German-made Zeiss projector which can show 5000 stars, a moon, and several special effects. The main purpose of this planetarium is to show educational videos about astronomy and to give the audience an experience of the outer space. The first show screened in the planetarium was a documentary about the moon made by a professor from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The first curator of this planetarium was a German citizen named Adolph Kunert. He was appointed to the position for one year before he returned to his home country. Among the programmes organised by the planetarium are: school holiday

neg: Sri Lanka Planetarium (Sir Frederick Gibberd - 1960) and the Cathedral of Brasília (Oscar Niemeyer - 1960). The building has a reinforced concrete floor and a pre-stressed concrete folded plate roof, which was pre-cast on-site. The building was funded by the German Democratic Republic as a gift to Ceylon. With the aid of a universal projector stationed at the centre of this building, the artificial sky is created on the domed screen above a 570-seat auditorium. The universal projector is a product of Carl Zeiss AG East Germany. Sri Lanka Planetarium Sri Lanka Planetarium is a public planetarium located in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

neg: Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium of years into the past and future. The new Kappa projector also allows for flight to the Moon and planets, and through and out of the Milky Way galaxy. Although the equipment has been upgraded, the observatory building retains its 1950s charm. The lobby has a terrazzo floor with inset zodiac symbols, a star burst chandelier, and tall frosted windows. The telescope retains its classic 1950s look, and riding piggyback on the main telescope is Butler University’s first telescope dating back to the 1880’s. Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium is a part of Butler University in Indianapolis,

neg: Fernbank Science Center projection dome. The Jim Cherry Memorial Planetarium is a 500-seat celestial theater in the round, equipped with a , a Mark V Zeiss star projector, and over 100 special effects projectors. The planetarium, which was built in the 1960s is the largest planetarium within the state of Georgia and one of the largest in the U.S. It was also the first planetarium to be owned and operated by a public school system in the United States of America. In 2012 Fernbank Science Center was the recipient of a grant from Lockheed Martin which was used to refurbish the Jim Cherry

neg: McLaughlin Planetarium either facility allowed visitors to see exhibits in both buildings, though a planetarium show cost extra. The planetarium projector was the focal piece of equipment at the planetarium. It was a Universal Projection Planetarium type 23/6, made by Kombinat VEB Carl Zeiss in Jena, in what was then East Germany. The planetarium projector was a -long dumbbell-shaped object, with -diameter spheres attached at each end representing the night sky for the northern and southern hemispheres. Connecting the two spheres was a framework that held nearly 150 individual projectors, including those dedicated to the planets, the Sun, and specific stars. Improvements

neg: Planetarium started making small planetaria a few years later. Meanwhile, the lack of planetarium manufacturers had led to several attempts at construction of unique models, such as one built by the California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, which operated 1952-2003. The Korkosz brothers built a large projector for the Boston Museum of Science, which was unique in being the first (and for a very long time only) planetarium to project the planet Uranus. Most planetaria ignore Uranus as being at best marginally visible to the naked eye. A great boost to the popularity of the planetarium worldwide

neg: Abrams Planetarium Jupiter and Saturn. The Spitz was retired in 1993 after thirty years of use. Abrams Planetarium now has an Evans and Sutherland Digistar projection system, installed in early 1993 and upgraded to a Digistar II in the summer of 1999. The projector is based entirely on computer graphics. It has a seven-inch monochrome flat screen display with a fish eye lens to magnify and focus the image on the curved ceiling. The Digistar has a resolution of 8000 by 8000 pixels. Its graphics processing computer takes numerical data and manipulates it to compensate for the domed projection surface. It can

neg: University of North Alabama Planetarium and Observatory facilities. The planetarium projector was a Zeiss Laboratories model A3P, which was state of the art for that time. Under its first director, Mr. Henry Harvey the public would begin access to the facility that fall. Mr. Harvey would be director from 1967 to 1979. After the term of Mr. Harvey ended, Dr. Dave Currot became planetarium-observatory director. He ran the planetarium from 1980 to 1999. The planetarium and observatory was then passed to the hands of the department chair, Dr. Tony Blose. Under his direction a new electronic control system manufactured by Northeast Control Systems was obtained to replace

neg: Carmo Planetarium sky. There is also a 70-seat classroom, reading space, and a lobby with exhibitions. Two telescopes are located on a terrace behind the planetarium. The planetarium building cost R$11 million to construct, and the projector cost R$5 million to purchase. The planetarium is located at 137 John Speers Street. Several bus routes pass near to the planetarium. It hosts pre-booked school visits on weekdays, and is open to the public on weekends and some weekdays during school holidays. The planetarium closed in 2007 due to structural problems arising from infiltration, and fungi was discovered on the lens of the projector

neg: Houston Museum of Natural Science starfield projector that can simulate stars, planets, comets, nebulous objects and other special effects. In 1998, it was upgraded to fullview, making it the first in the U.S. and third in the world to have multiple projector digital image capability That allows it to show fulldome movies about space science and also on earth science, life science and other topics, many of which were created by HMNS staff. A digital stereo sound system also enhances planetarium's special effects. Its outreach program, "Discovery Dome", takes the planetarium experience on the road, reaching over 40,000 students per year in classrooms and special

neg: Projection Planetarium used "primarily as an attitude reference" but was insufficient for testing navigation issues. Navigational training of Gemini, Apollo, and some Space Shuttle astronauts was conducted at the Morehead Planetarium in Chapel Hill, NC. Projection Planetarium The Projection Planetarium was a training device housed in the Flight Research Laboratory hangar at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. It consisted of a custom designed star projector surrounded by a diameter sphere constructed from a surplus radome. The star projector was movable in 3 directions while the capsule mockup and its pilots remained static. The system was used in studies of manual

neg: Projection Planetarium Projection Planetarium The Projection Planetarium was a training device housed in the Flight Research Laboratory hangar at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. It consisted of a custom designed star projector surrounded by a diameter sphere constructed from a surplus radome. The star projector was movable in 3 directions while the capsule mockup and its pilots remained static. The system was used in studies of manual control of spacecraft using "out the window" visual information both in orbit and in a launch abort scenario. The planetarium was constructed in 1965 at a cost of $153,103 for research and development

neg: Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium made to revive the planetarium in 2012 by the staff of New English School, by replacing some defective components such as transformer, mercury switches, projector motor, electrical bulbs etc. Along with the repairs, some modifications were also made to the projection system to show zodiacs in the planetarium. After seven years of non-operation, the planetarium was reopened for the general public on the occasion of National Science Day on 28 February 2012. It is believed to be the oldest functional school planetarium in Asia. Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium Kusumbai Motichand Planetarium, the first projection planetarium in Asia, became operational at the

neg: Planetarium Planetarium A planetarium (plural "planetaria" or "planetariums") is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. A dominant feature of most planetaria is the large dome-shaped projection screen onto which scenes of stars, planets, and other celestial objects can be made to appear and move realistically to simulate the complex 'motions of the heavens'. The celestial scenes can be created using a wide variety of technologies, for example precision-engineered 'star balls' that combine optical and electro-mechanical technology, slide projector, video and fulldome projector systems, and lasers.

neg: Hudson River Museum attempted to better join the Glenview Mansion with the modern 1969 additions. The museum used its namesake, the Hudson River, as the core of its 75th anniversary celebration in 1994. In March 2014, the museum completed a renovation of the planetarium and installed a new Megastar which is capable of displaying up to 22 million stars compared to its Zeiss projector which displayed up to 5,000 stars. Since 1995 the museum has offered a Junior Docent Program; the program was recognized by the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities with a Coming Up Taller Award in 2008. The late

neg: Geodesic dome Geodesic dome A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The triangular elements of the dome are structurally rigid and distribute the structural stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size. The first dome that could be called "geodesic" in every respect was designed after World War I by Walther Bauersfeld, chief engineer of the Carl Zeiss optical company, for a planetarium to house his planetarium projector. A first, small dome was patented, constructed by the firm of Dykerhoff and Wydmann on the roof of the

neg: Armagh Planetarium advanced LED lighting suite and a Digistar 3 fulldome video projection system. Armagh Planetarium maintains an outreach programme. Planetarium staff travel to venues such as schools and science festivals to deliver presentations on astronomy and other sciences. A thirty-seat inflatable planetarium is used for most of these visits. On 7 December 2006, the Armagh Planetarium building was dedicated to the memory of Eric Lindsay in a ceremony led by Archbishop Robin Eames. Armagh Planetarium has used a series of projectors of increasing sophistication and capability. The first projector was the Goto Mars (1968-1977), an example of advanced 1960s technology. It

neg: Griffith Observatory large central dome. The first shows covered topics including the Moon, worlds of the solar system, and eclipses. The planetarium theater was renovated in 1964 and a Mark IV Zeiss projector was installed. The Café at the End of the Universe, an homage to Restaurant at the End of the Universe, is one of the many cafés run by celebrity chef Wolfgang Puck. One wall inside the building is covered with the largest astronomically accurate image ever constructed (152 feet long by high), called "The Big Picture", depicting the Virgo Cluster of galaxies; visitors can explore the highly detailed image

neg: London Planetarium the London Planetarium was opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on 19 March, with public presentations commencing on the 20th. It occupied the site of an old cinema that was destroyed in the Second World War, and seated an audience of around 330 beneath a horizontal dome approximately 18 m in diameter. For its first five decades of operation, an opto-mechanical star projector, a Zeiss mark IV, offered the audience a show based on a view of the night sky as seen from earth. Between 1977 and 1990, evening laser performances called 'Laserium' (see Ivan Dryer) were held. In

neg: De Anza College student groups, Silicon Valley entrepreneurs to visit and utilize for conferences and for tours. The building was a 10 million dollar project that was funded by various groups including the DASB student senate, Morgan Family Foundation, and Steve and Michele Kirsch Foundation. The Fujitsu Planetarium with its 50-foot dome and seating for 139 teaches De Anza students, field trips, and the public with its star programs. It also includes an evening musical laser light show on its Saturday public schedule from September to April. Its optical-mechanical projector was installed in 2007, and the new digital projection system was installed in

neg: University of North Alabama Planetarium and Observatory University of North Alabama Planetarium and Observatory UNA Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of North Alabama. It is located in Florence, Alabama (USA). It has 2 telescopes, a Celestron 0.35 m Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. The UNA Planetarium is a 65-seat planetarium with a Spitz A3P projector and East Cost Control Systems controller. Construction of the UNA Planetarium and Observatory was done in two stages, with the observatory being constructed first. In 1964 what would eventually become University of North Alabama was then known as Florence State College. It was proposed that the College acquire an

neg: Oswald Thomas and physics at the German "Gymnasium" (high school) in Kronstadt. He relocated to Vienna, taking his Astronomical Bureau organization with him, and was a teacher at various private and public schools from 1913-1915 until he became head of the Urania observatory in Vienna (1915-1922, and again 1933-1934). When the first Zeiss projector planetarium to be installed outside of Germany was established in Vienna in 1927, Thomas became its chief astronomer. His standard presentation "Der Himmel über Wien" (The Sky Above Vienna) achieved huge popularity. It was performed over a thousand times, and according to Thomas it provided the inspiration for

neg: Olbers-Planetarium which the German Hydrographical Institute, now called the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany) funded. It was originally developed for the navigational institutions of the Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe. In 1958 the nautical college moved to Werderstraße 73 where the planetarium is still located today. In 1979 a more modern projector, the ZKP 2 was introduced. Dr. Erwin Mücke had applied for funding from the German Research Foundation. The same year they also received a solar system projector, funded by the senat for Education and Science. The old ZKP 1 was sold to the college in Nordenham where it is

neg: University of Wisconsin–Fox Valley red, and black. The Fieldhouse had a wood-panel floor installed and painted in fall 2008. The campus is also home to the Barlow Planetarium, a facility with a Digistar II 3-D projector, and the Weis Earth Science Museum, the official state mineralogical museum of Wisconsin. The $14-million Communication Arts Center was opened in 2009. The building was the first LEED certified academic building in the University of Wisconsin System. University of Wisconsin–Fox Valley The University of Wisconsin–Fox Valley is a two-year college within the 26 campus University of Wisconsin System. It is located on in Menasha, Wisconsin. With a student

neg: Jakarta Planetarium and Observatory upgrade of the planetarium was done in 1996. The previous Universal Projector was replaced with the computerized Universarium VIII Projector. The material for the domed screen was replaced and the diameter of the dome was reduced from 23 meter to 22 meter. The floor was elevated and terraced. The previous central-facing seating configuration was reorganized into a south facing configuration, and the amount of seats was reduced from 500 to 320. In 2010, a Mobile Observatory unit was acquired: a minibus which transport several telescopes e.g. the LUNT 80 mm solar telescope, Vixen VC200 telescope, and a 120 mm refractor.

neg: Birla Planetarium, Chennai planetarium, made of aluminium, is 15 m in diameter. The air-conditioned theatre has a seating capacity of 236. The total outlay proposed for the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–2007) for the Periyar Science and Technology Centre and B. M. Birla Planetarium was 6.4 million, including 2.6 million for the X-Y table system at the planetarium. In 2009, the planetarium established the 360-degree sky theatre, the first in India, with the installation of a full-dome mirror projection system with a DLP projector. The 360-degree effect is created with the help of Wrap, a special software that takes care of curvature correction. The

neg: Hopkins Observatory museum's second director, Truman Henry Safford, was a calculating prodigy. In 1852 the firm of Alvan Clark (Cambridge, Massachusetts) built a 7" refracting telescope, which was restored for the observatory's sesquicentennial. In 1963 the planetarium projector was installed and named in memory of Willis Milham, professor of astronomy 1901-1942. The observatory's side rooms have become the Mehlin Museum of Astronomy in memory of Theodore Mehlin, professor of astronomy 1942-1971. Hopkins Observatory Hopkins Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts (USA). Constructed in 1838 by Albert Hopkins, the college claims that it is the

neg: Roger B. Chaffee Planetarium was constructed by the Association members, with some support from the Public Museum and Chaffee Planetarium. Today the Veen remains tied to the museum and the Chaffee. In 1994 the planetarium was relocated to a new facility, along with the entire museum, where it would feature a new aluminum dome and the state-of the art projection system: a prototype of the Evans and Sutherland Digistar II digital star projector, running on Digistar software. Within a few years this was upgraded to software for Digistar II. The system also features three Sony video projectors, a Barco video projector, scores of Kodak

neg: SonicVision SonicVision SonicVision is a digitally animated planetarium music show featuring 38 minutes of music from 17 different musical artists. The content of the animation includes visions of astronomy and space travel as well as abstractions, mandalic imagery, and visual puns. It is a descendant of the laser light shows popular at planetariums in the 1980s and 1990s. As a fully digitally animated music show in a planetarium half-sphere video format, "SonicVision" is likely the first of its kind anywhere in the world. In association with MTV2, several VJs and many animators worked to create the visual content for the 7-projector

neg: Seiler Instrument & Mfg. Co. Loupes, Loupe Lights, and Dental Stools. In 1987, Seiler Instrument and Carl Zeiss reunited through their planetarium line, and the Seiler Instrument Planetarium Division was created. Seiler Instrument is the sole distributor and first point of contact for sales, service, and repairs on all Carl Zeiss Planetariums in the United States and Canada. Over 600 Zeiss Planetariums around the world have been installed to date for the purposes of simulation, education, and entertainment. Seiler has installed and serviced these projectors in planetariums and science centers such as the Noble Planetarium at the Fort Worth Museum of Science and History. Seiler’s

neg: Roger B. Chaffee Planetarium Roger B. Chaffee Planetarium The Roger B. Chaffee Planetarium, named for astronaut Roger B. Chaffee, was constructed in the early 1960s as part of the Public Museum of Grand Rapids. The facility initially featured a plaster dome and a Goto Optics mechanical star projector. Among the planetarium's first shows was "Star of Wonder", an astronomical attempt at an explanation of the Star of Bethlehem. The show received positive reviews in the Grand Rapids area and remained in the Chaffee's catalogue for several years. The Chaffee, then known as the Planetarium of the Public Museum of Grand Rapids, came under the

neg: Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport Air Force squadron and the Balloon Company. After the end of the First World War, the Banjica airfield was used for airmail traffic and included the routes Novi Sad–Belgrade–Niš–Skoplje and Belgrade–Sarajevo–Mostar. In 1911 another airfield was inaugurated in Belgrade, in the lower city of the Kalemegdan fortress on the location of today's Belgrade Planetarium. An airport in the outskirts of Pančevo, a town located northeast of Belgrade, began its operations in 1923 when CFRNA inaugurated the international route Paris–Istanbul which was flown via Belgrade. It was on that route that same year that the first world night flight ever happened

neg: Kingman Museum a Digistar 3 fulldome projector system to its planetarium. It is one of only 61 installations worldwide and the only one in southwest Michigan. Kingman is a member museum of the Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC) and participates in the membership passport program. Kingman Museum Kingman Museum is a natural history museum and planetarium located at 175 Limit Street, on the grounds of Leila Arboretum, in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States. Its mission is to promote an understanding and appreciation of the natural world, the universe, and human cultures. The museum's collections include several thousand artifacts, many of which are

neg: Bryan-Gooding Planetarium Bryan-Gooding Planetarium Bryan-Gooding Planetarium in the Alexander Brest Science Theatre is a planetarium in the Museum of Science and History in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. It was built in 1988 and featured a dome-shaped projection screen, JBL stereo sound system, and a Zeiss Jena Optical mechanical planetarium star projector. The facility has seating for 200, and approximately 60,000 people see a planetarium show each year. The planetarium was built with a donation by the late Alexander Brest, and was originally known as the Alexander Brest Planetarium. The theater initially used the Dove X / DORK automation system for slide projectors and

neg: University of Washington Planetarium constructing a mobile planetarium with based on the construction of the University of Washington mobile planetarium titled "The University of Washington Mobile Planetarium Do-it-Yourself Guide." University of Washington Planetarium The University of Washington Planetarium is an active planetarium located in the Physics/Astronomy Auditorium on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, WA. The dome is 30 feet in diameter and utilizes six digital projectors to create an interactive display using the Worldwide Telescope planetarium software. The planetarium was constructed in the Physics/Astronomy Auditorium in 1994. It initially featured a Minolta MS-8 starball projector, but in 2009, the University of Washington

neg: South Downs Planetarium & Science Centre Mason, John Green, Peter Fray and Roger Prout. John Green was appointed MBE in the 2004 New Year Honours list for services to the Planetarium. To complement the Science Centre the British and Irish Meteorite Society donated a substantial meteorite collection in 2005. In 2011 the Planetarium featured in an episode of the BBC series "The Sky at Night". The Planetarium has a 100-seater auditorium, displays, shop, library and computer room. The centrepiece of the star theatre is the projector which projects nearly 4500 stars and other celestial objects on to the dome. There is free car parking adjacent to

neg: University of Washington Planetarium University of Washington Planetarium The University of Washington Planetarium is an active planetarium located in the Physics/Astronomy Auditorium on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, WA. The dome is 30 feet in diameter and utilizes six digital projectors to create an interactive display using the Worldwide Telescope planetarium software. The planetarium was constructed in the Physics/Astronomy Auditorium in 1994. It initially featured a Minolta MS-8 starball projector, but in 2009, the University of Washington partnered with the Microsoft Research division to bring the WorldWide Telescope software to the planetarium. The upgrade was completed in 2011, and the transition from

neg: McLaughlin Planetarium were made to the original planetarium projector over the years, allowing for special effects that could show close-up displays of specific planets, and the Sun and Moon projectors could replicate the experience of a solar or lunar eclipse. The projector could be controlled by a console where an individual presenter would provide specific talks or lectures. By the mid-1970s, automation features were added, which led to the creation of prerecorded shows. Most visitors to the facility would have seen an automated 40- to 45-minute audio/visual show on a particular space-related topic. Two types of shows were typically alternated on a

neg: Archenhold Observatory protected monument. The planetarium is located in an dome with 38 seats. In 1959 it was the first Zeiss Small Planetarium in the GDR. In 1982 it was replaced with the more modern ZKP-2 projector. In 1994 the planetarium room was refurbished. The solar physics cabinet is situated in the grounds of the observatory. It was designed and built in 1965 by Diedrich Wattenberg and Erwin Rolf. A coelostat redirects the light from the Sun into the building. The sunlight is optionally dispersed into the spectral colours through four 60° prisms. With an H-alpha filter it is possible to observe

neg: Hamburg Planetarium Hamburg Planetarium Hamburg Planetarium is one of the world's oldest, and one of Europe's most visited planetariums. It is located in the district of Winterhude, Hamburg, Germany, and housed in a former water tower at the center of Hamburg Stadtpark. Planetarium Hamburg opened to the public on April 30, 1930. It is situated in an Art-Deco water tower, designed by Oskar Menzel and built between 1912 and 1915. However, it was only used as such until 1924, and subsequently converted to a planetarium. At the opening of the planetarium in 1930, a Zeiss Universarium Mark II projector, already acquired by

neg: Nehru Planetarium special effects are liberally used in the programmes at the sky theatre. The planetarium was reopened in September 2010, after renovations worth Rs. 11 crore, ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games and received Queen's Baton. It now has 'Definiti optical star projector "Megastar" that can show 2 million stars. It also sets up old telescopes, projection boxes and solar filters at its premises at major Solar eclipses. Nehru Planetarium Nehru Planetariums are the five planetariums in India, named after India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. These are located in Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune and Bangalore, plus there is a Jawahar

neg: Museum of Arts and Sciences (Daytona Beach) Tuscawilla Preserve is closed due to damages sustained from Hurrican Irma in September 2017. In 2014 the Museum opened a new state-of-the-art planetarium. Complete with 94 reclining seats, an immersive environment is generated 360 degrees around you from an OmniStar™ projector fitted with a fish-eye lens, capable of displaying vibrant and colorful HD content across an expansive 40-foot hemispherical dome. Coupled with a powerful audio system that truly surrounds the audience, the planetarium helps visitors feel like they are really traveling through space or visiting the terrain of an exotic far-off world. The powerhouse of the planetarium comes from its

neg: Rose Center for Earth and Space center is an extensive reworking of the former Hayden Planetarium, whose first projector, dedicated in 1935, had 2 successors previous to the current one. The original Hayden Planetarium was founded in 1933 with a donation by philanthropist Charles Hayden. In 1935, the Hayden Planetarium, designed by architects Trowbridge & Livingston, opened, after its construction was funded by a $650,000 loan from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and a $150,000 donation from banker Charles Hayden of Hayden, Stone & Co. Its mission was to give the public "a more lively and sincere appreciation of the magnitude of the universe... and for the

neg: Hayfield Secondary School of the moon. The planetarium is also equipped with three Kodak Ektograph projectors, and a slide dissolve system which is used to show previously produced slide programs and to create special slide programs on current astronomical topics. The most recent additions to the equipment list is a video projector and a special effects projector. Hayfield Secondary School Hayfield Secondary School is the oldest secondary school in the Fairfax County Public Schools system of Virginia. It opened in 1968 and graduated its first senior class in 1971. The land that Hayfield Secondary sits on was at one time part of George

neg: Campus of University of Colombo for the industrial exhibition held in 1965, the Colombo Planetarium in the Arts & Law Faculty Block is the only planetarium in Sri Lanka. The domed planetarium seats 570 around a Carl Zeiss AG star projector. The Faculty of Medicine building which is located at Kynsey Road opposite the Colombo General Hospital close to the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine located at Norris Canal Road. The current Anatomy Department Building which was built in 1913 provides the primary facade at Kynesy Road next to the Koch Memorial Clock Tower named after Dr. E.L.Koch, the second principle of the Colombo Medical School.