query: when was the people 's republic of china formed

pos: History of the People's Republic of China History of the People's Republic of China The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen. The PRC has for several decades been synonymous with China, but it is only the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC) and thousands of years of imperial dynasties. Following the Chinese Civil War and victory of

pos: History of the People's Republic of China In May and June 2008, heavy rains in southern China caused severe flooding in the provinces of Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, with dozens of fatalities and over a million people forced to evacuate. As of 2009 China has increased its internet monitoring capabilities by adding hundreds of new monitoring stations. History of the People's Republic of China The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since October 1, 1949, when, after a near complete victory by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's

neg: Three Principles of the People has been claimed as the cornerstone of the Republic of China's policy as carried by the Kuomintang (KMT). The principles also appear in the first line of the National Anthem of the Republic of China. In 1894 when the Revive China Society was formed, Sun only had two principles: nationalism and democracy. He picked up the third idea, welfare, during his three-year trip to Europe from 1896 to 1898. He announced all three ideas in the spring of 1905, during another trip to Europe. Sun made the first speech of his life on the "Three Principles of the People" in

neg: Tawang district post at Dirang Dzong. However, no steps were taken to evict the Tibetan from the area North of the pass which contained Tawang town. Tibet lost its independence in 1950's and was incorporated into the newly established People's Republic of China. Tibet also lost its independent diplomatic freedom and Tawang was now a stress point between India and China. During the Sino-Indian war of 1962, Tawang fell briefly under Chinese control, but China withdrew its troops at the end of the war. Tawang again came under Indian administration. Tawang district was formed in 1989, when it was split from West

neg: 60th Corps (People's Republic of China) demoted back in China. The army left Korea in October 1953. The army was active in the Nanjing Military Region until disbanded in late 1985. 60th Corps (People's Republic of China) The 60th Corps was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army. During the Korean War it formed part of the CPV/PLA III Army Group. When initially formed in February 1949, it likely consisted of the 178th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China), 179th Division, and 180th Division. In Korea the 60th Corps comprised the 179th Division, 180th, and 181st Divisions. During what the Chinese call the 5th campaign

neg: Taxation in China Administration Law of the People's Republic of China. The administrative regulations and rules concerning taxation are formulated by the State Council, e.g., the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Tax Collection and Administration Law of the People' s Republic of China, the Detailed Regulations for the Implementation of the Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China, the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Value Added Tax. The departmental rules concerning taxation are formulated by the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the Tariff and Classification Committee of the State Council, and

neg: Allen S. Whiting and that China would initiate and then inflict a humiliating military defeat on America's ally, India. When President Kennedy then sent Averell Harriman to India to keep relations calm, Whiting and his group, including a specialist in Tibetan affairs, were dispatched with them. In the words of a National Security Archive history, Whiting's group "embarrassed the U.S. military, and helped Harriman's mission, because their excellent maps ... were much better than anything the military had and formed the basis for policy discussions." Whiting had responsibility for gathering and analyzing intelligence on the People's Republic of China at a time when

neg: 60th Corps (People's Republic of China) 60th Corps (People's Republic of China) The 60th Corps was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army. During the Korean War it formed part of the CPV/PLA III Army Group. When initially formed in February 1949, it likely consisted of the 178th Division (1st Formation)(People's Republic of China), 179th Division, and 180th Division. In Korea the 60th Corps comprised the 179th Division, 180th, and 181st Divisions. During what the Chinese call the 5th campaign (May, 1950), the CPV suffered its largest loss: the 180th Division was totally destroyed. Roughly 3,000 men escaped earlier (including the division commander and other

neg: LGBT history in China LGBT history in China The history of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in China spans thousands of years. Unlike the histories of European and European-ruled polities in which Christianity formed the core of heavily anti-LGBT laws until recent times, non-heterosexual states of being were historically treated with far less animosity in historic Chinese states. For a period of the modern history of both the Republic of China and People's Republic of China in the 20th century, LGBT people received more stringent legal regulations regarding their orientations, with restrictions being gradually eased by the beginning of the 21st century. However,

neg: Chinese people person obtains nationality either by birth when at least one parent is of Chinese nationality or by naturalization. All people holding nationality of the People's Republic of China are citizens of the Republic. The Resident Identity Card is the official form of identification for residents of the People's Republic of China. Within the People's Republic of China, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport or Macao Special Administrative Region passport may be issued to permanent residents of Hong Kong or Macao, respectively. The Nationality law of the Republic of China regulates nationality within the Republic of China (Taiwan). A person

neg: Kundun Tibet a traditional part of Imperial China and express their desire to reincorporate it with the newly formed People's Republic of China. Eventually, despite Tibet's pleas to the United Nations, the United States, the United Kingdom, and India for intervention, Chinese Communist forces invade Tibet. The Chinese are initially helpful, but when the Tibetans resist Communist reorganization and reeducation of their society, the Chinese become oppressive. Following a series of atrocities suffered by his people, the Dalai Lama resolves to meet with Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing. While Mao publicly expresses his sympathies to the Tibetan people and the Dalai

neg: Treaty of San Francisco Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the Soviet Union, Syria, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam attended the Conference. China was not invited due to disagreements on whether the established but defeated Republic of China (in Taiwan) or the newly formed People's Republic of China (in mainland China) represented the Chinese people. Burma, India, and Yugoslavia were invited, but did not participate; India considered certain provisions of the Treaty

neg: Taiwanese nationalism (country), while the nationalism movement seeks only to establish or reinforce an independent Taiwanese identity that distinguishes Taiwan's people apart from Chinese nationalism, without necessarily advocating changing the official name of the Republic of China to "Republic of Taiwan". The Taiwanese nationalism/identity issue resulted from the complex history and unresolved political and legal status of Taiwan. Therefore, in context, Taiwanese nationalists seek to unite residents of Taiwan into a nation, i.e. a people of common Taiwanese identity and/or ancestry; whereas Taiwan Independence supporters seek to go one step further and officially change the state of "Republic of China"'s name to

neg: Xikang Xikang Xikang or Sikang or Hsikang was a province of the Republic of China and early People's Republic of China. It comprised most of the Kham region of traditional Tibet, where the Khampa, a subgroup of the Tibetan people, live. The eastern part of the province was inhabited by a number of different ethnic groups, such as Han Chinese, Yi, Qiang people and Tibetan, while the western part of the province was inhabited by Tibetans. Xikang, then known as "Chuanbian" (川邊), was a special administrative region of the Republic of China until 1939, when it became an official province. The

neg: Touch Base Policy Touch Base Policy The Touch Base Policy () was implemented by the British Hong Kong Government in 1974, as an attempt to halt the influx of immigrants from People's Republic of China in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Before 1949, people could move freely between Hong Kong (then a British colony) and the Republic of China. In 1949, when the Government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan and the People's Republic of China was established on the mainland, Hong Kong experienced a large influx of refugees from Communist China. This population boom led to severe shortages in

neg: China–Liberia relations China–Liberia relations People's Republic of China–Liberia relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Liberia. Official relations began in 1977, but were broken on multiple occasions, only to be reformed later on. As of 2009, significant amounts of both investment and foreign aid came from China to Liberia. Relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Liberia have been broken and reestablished several times since February 17, 1977, when diplomatic relations between the PRC and Liberia were first formed. The PRC broke off relations with Liberia on October 10, 1989 in response to Liberia's

neg: Football in China Guangzhou Evergrande and in 2015 the average attendance has been of 22,193 spectators. The China PR national football team is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team was founded in 1924 in the Republic of China under the auspices of the China Football Association and joined FIFA in 1931. Following the Chinese Civil War, the CFA was formed in the newly founded People's Republic of China. They remained affiliated with FIFA until 1958, when they withdrew, but they rejoined in 1979. China have been runners-up at the Asian Cup twice: in 1984 and 2004. Football initiatives have been

neg: Communist Party of Sweden (1967) Communist Party of Sweden (1967) Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist-Leninisterna (KFML; ) was formed at the 1967 party congress of VPK, when a pro-Chinese group left the party. KFML was oriented towards the People's Republic of China and Marxism-Leninism as interpreted by Mao Zedong, commonly known as Maoism. KFML was the first of the many New Left-groups that surged in Sweden during the 1960s and 1970s. KFML had a very important and leading role in the mass solidarity work with the Vietnamese people. In 1970 a left wing faction based in Gothenburg broke away and formed KFML(r). In 1973 KFML took the

neg: Touch Base Policy base' before the deadline rush to the Chinese Extension Section of the Immigration Department for identity registration. Touch Base Policy The Touch Base Policy () was implemented by the British Hong Kong Government in 1974, as an attempt to halt the influx of immigrants from People's Republic of China in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Before 1949, people could move freely between Hong Kong (then a British colony) and the Republic of China. In 1949, when the Government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan and the People's Republic of China was established on the mainland, Hong Kong

neg: Pakistan–United States relations relations with the United States were maintained. President [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Henry Kissinger]] took advantage of Pakistan's close relationship with [[China|People Republic of China]] to initiate secret contacts that resulted in [[Henry Kissinger]]’s secret visit to China in July 1971 after visiting Pakistan. These contacts resulted in the [[1972 Nixon visit to China]], and the subsequent normalizing of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. [[File:Yahya and Nixon.jpg|thumb|200px|left|President of Pakistan Yahya Khan with United States President Richard Nixon, 1970.]] At the onset of hostilities between India and Pakistan, President Nixon urged Yahya Khan to restrain Pakistani

neg: Stephen S. F. Chen MA in political science in 1959 from Manila, Philippines. . In 1960, Chen entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. He served in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Argentina; and Bolivia. He was consul general in Atlanta from 1973 to 1979, when the United States ceased to recognize the Republic of China. From 1997 to 2000, Chen was director of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Washington, D.C., representing the interests of the Republic of China in the United States as a de facto ambassador. Ambassador Chen served as the head of the mission of

neg: Jin dynasty (1115–1234) China Proper. After taking over Northern China, the Jin dynasty became increasingly sinicised. About three million people, half of them Jurchens, migrated south into northern China over two decades, and this minority governed about 30 million people. The Jurchens were given land grants and organised into hereditary military units: 300 households formed a "mouke" (company) and 7-10 "mouke"s formed a "meng-an" (battalion). Many married Han Chinese, although the ban on Jurchen nobles marrying Han Chinese was not lifted until 1191. After Emperor Taizong died in 1135, the next three Jin emperors were grandsons of Aguda by three different princes. Emperor

neg: Laurie Chan defend his seat in the August 2010 general election, standing down from Parliament. Moses Garu succeeded him as MP for West Guadalcanal. In 2011, he was appointed as the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s ambassador to Solomon Islands. The Solomons are one of the few countries to recognise the Republic of China rather than the People's Republic of China, and Chan had supported continued relations with Taiwan when he was Minister for Foreign Affairs. He began to serve as ambassador on 21 March 2012. Laurie Chan Laurie Hok Si Chan (born April 6, 1965) is a politician and diplomat from the

neg: Communist Workers' Party of Sweden Communist Workers' Party of Sweden Communist Workers' Party of Sweden (, SKA), initially called SKP(ml), was a communist party in Sweden, formed in 1980 after a split from the pro-People's Republic of China Communist Party of Sweden (SKP). The party was dissolved in 1993. In 1980 when a leftist minority (approx. 15% of party cadre) was expelled from the Communist Party of Sweden (SKP), the expellees founded the Communist Party of Sweden (marxist-leninists) ("Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti (marxist-leninisterna)") on November 1–2. The group that formed SKP(ml) was critical of the new leadership of the People's Republic of China, effectively under Deng

neg: Andrei Gromyko look for supporters within the Soviet leadership for his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). He flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" just for the sake of annexing the Republic of China into the People's Republic of China. Gromyko assured Mao that the proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. When the Soviet leadership learnt of this discussion they responded by terminating the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program and various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko

neg: Chinese Travel Document Chinese Travel Document People's Republic of China Travel Document (), formerly known as People's Republic of China Travel Permit, is a type of travel documents issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China to people who are legally defined as Chinese citizens for their travel to China and other countries. The Travel Document is issued to Chinese nationals in situations when it is "inconvenient", "unnecessary", or not permitted to issue a People's Republic of China passport. Some cases include: The applicant shall approach any of the diplomatic missions of China in person to file the

neg: Chinese Travel Document application. The application fee is about USD $25. Chinese Travel Document People's Republic of China Travel Document (), formerly known as People's Republic of China Travel Permit, is a type of travel documents issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China to people who are legally defined as Chinese citizens for their travel to China and other countries. The Travel Document is issued to Chinese nationals in situations when it is "inconvenient", "unnecessary", or not permitted to issue a People's Republic of China passport. Some cases include: The applicant shall approach any of the diplomatic

neg: Inner Mongolian People's Party be found on the national flag of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia is located between the Republic of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. China was under Mongol rule when Genghis Khan toppled the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and Kublai Khanm proclaimed the Mongolian Yuan State (1271–1368). After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, China was returned to Han Chinese control and stayed that way through the Ming (1368–1644) Dynasty until the Qing (1644–1911) Dynasty when China was invaded and ruled by the Manchu people. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republican period (1911–1949), Inner Mongolia was heavily populated with Han settlers.

neg: 5th Division (People's Republic of China) 5th Division (People's Republic of China) The 5th Army Division（） formed in December 1967 by Jinan Military Region. Soon after its formation, in May 1968, the division was transferred to Urumqi, Xinjiang. By then the division was composed of: In August 20, 1980, the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded He Changfu(), assistant squad leader from 1st Squad, 6th Company, 14th Infantry Regiment the honorary title of "model of loving the people". In December 1985, the 5th Army Division was reduced and renamed as Garrison Brigade of Lanzhou Military Region（）. From September 1985 to October 1986, the brigade's Reconnaissance Company temporarily

neg: Father's Day Father's Day. In People's Republic of China, there is no official Father's Day. Some people celebrate on the third Sunday of June, according to the tradition of the United States. Prior to the People's Republic, when the Republic of China governed from Nanjing, Father's Day was celebrated on August 8. This was determined by the fact that the eighth ("ba") day of the eighth ("ba") month makes two "eights" (八八, "ba-ba"), which sounds similar to the colloquial word for "daddy" ("ba-ba"，爸爸). It is still celebrated on this date in areas still under the control of the Republic of China, including

neg: Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China stance on the existence of the Republic of China on Taiwan as "...the Republic of China has lost the land on which it was originally established. It only exists in Taiwan. It has merged into the land and people of Taiwan. Today, the majority of the people in Taiwan can agree that Taiwan is the Republic of China, and the Republic of China is Taiwan.", "Taiwan is a sovereign and independent country", and "...after we began directly electing our president, the current Republic of China government is no longer a foreign government. It is now the government of Taiwan." Chen

neg: 1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China) 1st Independent Division of Sichuan Provincial Military District (People's Republic of China) Independent Division of Chengdu Military Region () was formed in August 1964 from Public Security Contingent of Sichuan province. The division was composed of four regiments (1st to 4th). (From May 1st 1955 to October 1969 Chengdu Military Region also acted as Sichuan Military Region.) On January 22nd 1968, the divisional commander, Du Ling(), was shot to death when he was travelling in his car in Chengdu, when he was trying to pass the barricade guarded by armed "rebels" (), and his deputy commander Li Wen() badly injured.

neg: Republic of China Armed Forces during its development. During the 2nd Sino-Japanese war, most of the ROC Navy was destroyed by the Imperial Japanese Navy. In 1946 the Republic of China Naval Academy was established in Shanghai; it was relocated to Taiwan in 1949. The ROC Marine Corps was formed from the former Navy Sentry Corps in December 1914, it used to have two divisions, 66th and 99th divisions, in size, when its doctrine focused on retaking mainland China. Since its transition to a defensive posture, the ROCMC has been downsized from about 38,000 active personnel to only 9,000. In 2004, the ROCMC redeployed a

neg: Czech Republic variants, with download speeds of up to 50 Mbit/s and upload speeds of up to 5 Mbit/s. Cable internet is gaining popularity with its higher download speeds ranging from 50 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s. Two major computer security companies, Avast and AVG, were founded in the Czech Republic. In 2016, Avast led by Pavel Baudiš bought rival AVG for US$1.3 billion, together at the time, these companies had a user base of about 400 million people and 40% of the consumer market outside of China. Avast is the leading provider of antivirus software, with a 20.5% market share. The Czech

neg: Chinese Taipei at the 2006 Winter Olympics War, the Republic of China retained control of only Taiwan island and a few other minor islands. After international recognition shifted to the People's Republic of China in the 1970's and under the People's Republic's One China policy, the only way the Republic of China could participate in international organizations was under a name acceptable to the People's Republic. Nevertheless, the Republic of China was allowed to compete under that name at the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics. The Republic of China boycotted the Olympics in 1976 and 1980 after not being allowed to compete under the

neg: Guns N' Roses obtained legitimately." "Chinese Democracy" was banned in the People's Republic of China, due to perceived criticism in its title track of the Government of the People's Republic of China and reference to the Falun Gong. The Chinese government said through the media that it "turns its spear point on China". Current members Former members American Music Awards Billboard Touring Awards MTV Video Music Awards Revolver Golden Gods World Music Awards Guns N' Roses Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985. When they signed to Geffen Records in

neg: Dang Guo period of mobilization. In the 1990s, when the martial law ended, all political parties became legal and the Republic of China was democratized. Since then, the President of the Republic of China has been democratically elected by the people of the Free Area. Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party was elected president, making him the first non-KMT president under the Constitution. Peking University professor Pan Wei () had stated that the political structure of People's Republic of China is supported by the Chinese Communist Party in six major ways: Professor Pan Wei went on to state that the China's

neg: Han Taiwanese 19th centuries and from the then Republic of China's continental territory, which is now ruled by the People's Republic of China, after World War II (1945-1949). The 1926 census counted 3,116,400 and 586,300 Hans originating from the Hok-kien and Kwang-tung provinces of Ching Empire or Ming Empire (roughly now Fujian and Guangdong of China, respectively). Around 800,000 people, the vast majority being Han, immigrated to Taiwan after the end of the Second World War, when Republic of China took over Taiwan, with the biggest wave taking place around the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Since the

neg: Republic Marino remained the only republics in Europe. This changed when, after the 1908 Lisbon Regicide, the 5 October 1910 revolution established the Portuguese Republic. In East Asia, China had seen considerable anti-Qing sentiment during the 19th century, and a number of protest movements developed calling for constitutional monarchy. The most important leader of these efforts was Sun Yat-sen, whose Three Principles of the People combined American, European, and Chinese ideas. Under his leadership the Republic of China was proclaimed on January 1, 1912. Republicanism expanded significantly in the aftermath of World War I, when several of the largest European empires

neg: China Radio International in the Taihang Mountains, when China was in the midst of a civil war, to announce newly conquered areas and broadcast a Chinese political and cultural perspective to the world at large. The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to the capital, Peking, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950 and to Radio Beijing in 1983. On January 1, 1993 the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International, in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting. Its

neg: Events leading to the Sino-Indian War the Indian government was that of maintaining cordial relations with China. The Indian government wished to revive its ancient friendly ties with China. When the PRC was declared, India was among the first countries to give it diplomatic recognition. After coming to power, the PRC announced that its army would be occupying Tibet. India sent a letter of protest to China proposing negotiations on the Tibet issue. The newly formed PRC was more active in posting troops to the Aksai Chin border than the newly formed Indian republic was. India decided to take moves to ensure a stable Indo-Chinese border.

neg: Baojia system the system's structure changed again. Ten households made up one "pai", ten "pai" constituted one "jia", and every ten "jia" formed a "bao". Studies by Philip Huang and Wang Fuming of Baodi County in northeastern Hebei province (now Baodi District, Tianjin) have shown that the lowest quasi-official was the "xiangbao", who oversaw about twenty villages and was intended to act as a buffer between the people and the government. When the system was reimplemented in the Republic of China, the structure remained essentially the same, with the exception of the introduction of the "lianbao" (associated "bao"), a group of several

neg: Shamanism is possessed by a spirit, who demands that someone assume the shamanic role for their people. Among the Buryat, there is a ritual known as "shanar" whereby a candidate is consecrated as shaman by another, already-established shaman. Among several Samoyedic peoples, shamanism was a living tradition also in modern times, especially at groups living in isolation, until recent times (Nganasans). The last notable Nganasan shaman's seances could be recorded on film in the 1970s. When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949 and the border with Russian Siberia was formally sealed, many nomadic Tungus groups (including the Evenki)

neg: Domino theory in China (officially becoming the People's Republic of China). The installation of the new government was established after the People's Liberation Army defeated the Nationalist Republican Government of China in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949). Two Chinas were formed - mainland 'Communist China' (People's Republic of China) and 'Nationalist China' Taiwan (Republic of China). The takeover by Communists of the world's most populous nation was seen in the West as a great strategic loss, prompting the popular question at the time, "Who lost China?" The United States subsequently ended diplomatic relations with China in response to the

neg: One-China policy The Pan-Blue Coalition parties, consisting of the Kuomintang, the People First Party, and the New Party, accept the One China principle. In particular, former President of the Republic of China, Ma Ying-Jeou, stated in 2006 when he was the Kuomintang chairman that "One China is the Republic of China". Until the 1990s, the government actively stated that the ROC is the only legitimate "One China" while the PRC is illegitimate. The Pan-Green Coalition parties, consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Solidarity Union, are more hostile to the policy, as they view Taiwan as a country separate

neg: Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) The Provisional Government of the Republic of China (, or ) was a Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan that existed from 1937 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It had been formed largely on the initiative of Imperial Japanese Army commanders in north China, before securing approval from Japanese government authorities in Tokyo. Thus the Provisional Government had nominal authority in Japanese occupied zones in north China, while to the south the Central China Expeditionary Army established the Reformed Government of the Republic of China in 1938, which

neg: Wen Shizhen The following January he was rearrested by the Tianjin People's Government, Communist Party of China. Wen Shizhen was executed by the authority of the People's Republic of China in 1951. Wen Shizhen Wen Shizhen (; 1877–1951), also known as S. T. Wen, was a politician and diplomat in the Republic of China. He was Mayor of Tianjin during the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Wang Jingwei regime (Republic of China-Nanjing). His courtesy name was Peishan (). He was born in Tianjin. Wen Shizhen graduated from the Beiyang Naval College () in 1898. He served for 4

neg: Axis powers northwestern Cambodia, which had been under Thai control since the French-Thai War of 1940, where they banded together as one faction in the Khmer Issarak movement, originally formed with Thai encouragement in the 1940s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan advanced from its bases in Manchuria to occupy much of East and Central China. Several Japanese puppet states were organized in areas occupied by the Japanese Army, including the Provisional Government of the Republic of China at Beijing, which was formed in 1937, and the Reformed Government of the Republic of China at Nanjing, which was formed in 1938. These

neg: Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Culture and Tourism () is a ministry of the State Council of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for cultural policy and activities and tourism in the country. Its headquarters are in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It was formed on 19 March 2018; its predecessors were the Ministry of Culture and China National Tourism Administration. On March 19, 2018, the Government of the People's Republic of China announced that the Ministry of Culture and China National Tourism Administration have been merged to create the Ministry

neg: Liang Hongzhi its overall strategy to establish an autonomous buffer zones between North China and Japanese-controlled Manchukuo. The Provisional Government of the Republic of China based in Beijing was formed on December 14, 1937 with Wang Kemin as its president of the five provinces of northern China. The Reformed Government of the Republic of China based in Nanjing was subsequently created on 28 March 1938 in eastern China and Liang was recruited to take the post of chairman. The Reformed Government of the Republic of China was assigned nominal control of the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui as well as the

neg: Taichung City Government current Taichung City Hall was completed and opened on 10 October 2010. Taichung City Government The Taichung City Government () is the local government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that governs Taichung City. Taichung City Government was initially formed as provincial city government on 25 October 1945 after the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China. The government became a special municipality on 25 December 2010 after the merge of Taichung County Government and Taichung City Government. The first building of the city government, known as Taichung Shiyakusho, was constructed in 1911, when Taiwan was under

neg: 43rd Airborne Division (People's Republic of China) 43rd Airborne Division (People's Republic of China) 43rd Airborne Division is one of three mobile assets of 15th Airborne Corps of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of People's Republic of China, and a "Rapid Reaction, Level One" unit of PLAAF. Its processor, 89th Division (), was created in February 1949 under "the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army", issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, based on the 35th Brigade, 12th Column of Huadong Field Army. Its history can be traced to 10th Newly-Formed Brigade of Subei Military District, formed

neg: Taichung City Government Taichung City Government The Taichung City Government () is the local government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that governs Taichung City. Taichung City Government was initially formed as provincial city government on 25 October 1945 after the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China. The government became a special municipality on 25 December 2010 after the merge of Taichung County Government and Taichung City Government. The first building of the city government, known as Taichung Shiyakusho, was constructed in 1911, when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. It has turned into a cultural center since 2016. The

neg: 2nd Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China) Armored Brigade (), while half of its battalions formed the 35th Mechanized Infantry Brigade. 2nd Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China) The 2nd Armored Brigade, originally the 2nd Tank Division and the 2nd Armored Division, is an armored formation of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. On October 8, 1949, the Tank Division, 3rd Field Army () was formed in Shanghai from the 1st Tank Regiment, Special Troops Column, PLA 3rd Field Army. The division had three regiments; a tank regiment comprising three battalions, an amphibious tank regiment comprising three battalions; and an armored regiment comprising

neg: Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League () is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. It was formed in Hong Kong on November 1947 by members of the Taiwanese Communist Party who survived the February 28 Incident. The Taiwan Democratic Self Government League has a membership of 3,000 people, most of whom are prominent people that are from Taiwan or are of Taiwanese heritage, but now reside on the mainland.

neg: Chinese people in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of China since at least the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). The term "zhonghua minzu" was used during the Republic of China from 1911–1949 to refer to a subset of five ethnic groups in China. The term "zhongguo renmin" (), "Chinese people", was the government's preferred term during the life of Mao Zedong; "zhonghua minzu" is more common in recent decades. The Nationality law of the People's Republic of China regulates nationality within the PRC. A

neg: Tawang from Guwahati was started by the Arunachal Pradesh government. Tawang Tawang is a town situated at an elevation of approximately to the east of Bhutan. The area is administered by the Republic of India as a part of the Arunachal Pradesh state, however, it is claimed by People's Republic of China as a part of South Tibet, under Tsona Dzong of Shannan, Tibet. The town once served as the district headquarters of West Kameng district, and became the district headquarters of Tawang district when it was formed from West Kameng. In April 2017, China announced additional 6 official names for

neg: Italian Empire of the concession to Japan's puppet regime in China, the Reorganized National Government of China under Wang Jingwei. In 1947, the Italian Republic formally lost all her overseas colonial possessions as a result of the Treaty of Peace with Italy. There were discussions to maintain Tripolitania (a province of Italian Libya) as the last Italian colony, but these were not successful. In November 1949, Italian Somaliland was made a United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration. This lasted until 1 July 1960, when Italian Somaliland was granted its independence and, together with British Somaliland, formed the Somali Republic. Italian Empire

neg: Wu Den-yih legislature, Wu was named Premier of the Republic of China in 2009. He served until 2012, when he and Ma Ying-jeou formed the Kuomintang (KMT) presidential ticket. Wu served one four-year term as Vice President of the Republic of China, stepping down in 2016. In May 2017, he was elected party chairman. Previously, Wu had served the KMT as secretary-general from 2007 to 2009, first vice chairman in 2014, and as acting chairman in 2014 and 2015. Wu was born in Tsaotun, Taichung, Taiwan Province in 1948. He attended National Taiwan University,where he was president and editor-in-chief of the "University

neg: Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe nations and 200 members of the press registered for the “Hamburg Summit” in 2012. 2014 The sixth “Hamburg Summit” took place on October 10 and 11, 2014 at the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce. As guests of honour, Li Keqiang, Prime Minister of the People´s Republic of China, Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament, Dr Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, and Karel De Gucht, then EU Commissioner for Trade attended the conference. In his speech, Premier Li Keqiang stressed the importance of Europe as a partner for

neg: William Gopallawa Commissioner of Colombo Municipal Council and served until 1957 when he stepped down from the post. On 18 June 1958 when S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike's government started diplomatic relations with People's Republic of China Gopallawa was posted as the second Ambassador to China in 1960. On 7 September 1961, while he was serving in China, he was recalled and posted as the Ambassador to the United States; he served there until 1962. In 1962, he was called back to Ceylon, after his son in law's sister, the then prime minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike nominated Gopallawa as Governor-General of Ceylon following

neg: Fang Liufang Degrees Committee of CUPL. Fang was the Dean of the School of Juris Master at CUPL（2005-2008） and Co-Dean of CESL（2008-2012）.He is currently the director of Center of Corporate Law at CUPL. Fang Liufang resides in Beijing, China. He was a member of the Expert Consultancy Committee of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee (CIETAC) and an Arbitrator for the Beijing Arbitration Commission. He was an Expert Consultant, Subcommittee on Amendments to the 'Law of the People' s Republic of China on Partnerships' of the Financial and Economic Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee from 2002

neg: Chinese Soviet Republic Mao's tenure as head of a "small state within a state" gave him experience in mobile warfare and peasant organization; this experience helped him accomplish the Communist reunification of China during the late 1940s. The CSR was eventually destroyed by the Kuomintang (KMT)'s National Revolutionary Army in a series of 1934 encirclement campaigns. Following the Xi'an Incident of December 1936, the Communists and Kuomintang formed an uneasy "United Front" to resist Japanese pressure, which led to the Communists recognizing at least for the moment Chiang Kai-shek as China's leader and the official dissolution of the Soviet Republic on 22 September

neg: Black Cat Squadron Black Cat Squadron The Black Cat Squadron () (not to be confused with Black Bat Squadron), formally the 35th Squadron, was a squadron of the Republic of China Air Force that flew the U-2 surveillance plane out of Taoyuan Air Base in northern Taiwan, from 1961 to 1974. 26 ROCAF pilots successfully completed U-2 training in the US and flew 220 operational missions, with about half over the People's Republic of China. When the squadron was formed in 1961, Colonel Lu Xiliang (盧錫良) became its first commander and would become its longest-serving squadron commander. Colonel Lu was born in Shanghai

neg: Tawang Tawang Tawang is a town situated at an elevation of approximately to the east of Bhutan. The area is administered by the Republic of India as a part of the Arunachal Pradesh state, however, it is claimed by People's Republic of China as a part of South Tibet, under Tsona Dzong of Shannan, Tibet. The town once served as the district headquarters of West Kameng district, and became the district headquarters of Tawang district when it was formed from West Kameng. In April 2017, China announced additional 6 official names for 6 places in the South Tibet region, one being

neg: Basilea Pharmaceutica Basilea Pharmaceutica Basilea Pharmaceutica is a multinational specialty biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. It was formed as a spin-off entity from the drug giant Hoffmann–La Roche in October 2000. It is engaged in the development of antibiotics, antifungals and oncology drugs for treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis. Basilea is publicly traded on the SIX Swiss exchange (SIX:BSLIN). The company is based in Basel, Switzerland. It has subsidiaries in France (Basilea Pharmaceuticals SAS), Germany (Basilea Pharmaceuticals GmbH), Denmark (Basilea Pharmaceuticals A/S), the People's Republic of China (Basilea Pharmaceutica China Ltd), Spain (Basilea Pharmaceuticals Iberia SL), the United Kingdom

neg: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China On March 19, 2018, the Government of the People's Republic of China announced that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has been created at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress. That same day, Han Changfu was elected Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs () is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for agriculture and rural affairs in the country. The ministry is headquartered in Beijing. It was formed on

neg: Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company, (MPSSC) (: Code-named "Night Hawk") is a unit of the military police of the Republic of China (Taiwan). This unit is stationed at Wugu, Taipei. Little is known about this unit, since informations regarding it are classified by the Ministry of National Defense. It was formed in 1978. The Epoch Times reported that some members have been trained by the Ranger School at Fort Benning. Following the 1972 Munich massacre and success Operation Entebbe of 1976. In December 1977, Ministry of National Defense was

neg: 1918 Republic of China presidential election 1918 Republic of China presidential election The 1918 Republic of China Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections were the elections held on 4 September 1918 in Beijing for the second term of the President of the Republic of China. Xu Shichang was elected by two houses of the National Assembly which were controlled by the Anfu Club formed in the National Assembly election in the same year. Feng Guozhang's term as president expired on 10 October 1918. He did not seek re-election provided Duan Qirui retired as Premier on the same day. Xu Shichang, a veteran statesman and was seen as being

neg: China Airlines an order with Airbus for over a dozen A300B4 wide body regional jets allowed for addition destination growth. As Republic of China (Taiwan)'s flag carrier, China Airlines has been affected by disputes over the political status of Republic of China (Taiwan), and under pressure from the Communist Party of China, was barred from flying into a number of countries maintaining diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China ("China"). As a result, in the mid-1990s, China Airlines subsidiary Mandarin Airlines took over some of its Sydney and Vancouver international routes. Partly as a way to avoid the international controversy, in

neg: Stephen S. F. Chen of China, Taiwan, 1986–1988 Director General for Los Angeles office of the Coordination Council for North American Affairs, 1988-1989. Deputy Ambassador, Coordination Council for North American Affairs, in Washington D.C. 1989-1993. Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1993-96. Deputy Secretary General of the Office of the President, Republic of China, 1996-1997. Ambassador, Head of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States, Washington D.C. 1997-2000. Speeches. Stephen S. F. Chen Stephen S. F. Chen () is a politician in the Republic of China. Chen was born in Nanjing. During the Sino-Japanese War, he and his family followed the

neg: Nationality law Morisco#Descendants and Spanish citizenship). Turkey's immigration laws permit people of ethnic Turkish descent to obtain Turkish citizenship without the traditional five-year residence requirement required of others. The immigration law of Taiwan (officially the Republic of China) gives priority to returning Taiwanese and overseas Chinese who are not citizens of the People's Republic of China, Chinese who were living abroad, and encourages their return. However, although Republic of China have not ceded the claim on mainland China, the government does not consider the people in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau as Republic of China nationals. Overseas ethnic Chinese can register

neg: Chinese Filipino Burgeoning of Chinese schools throughout the Philippines as well as in Manila occurred from the 1920s until the 1970s, with a brief interlude during World War II, when all Chinese schools were ordered closed by the Japanese, and their students were forcibly integrated with Japanese-sponsored Philippine public education. After World War II, the Philippines and the Republic of China signed the Sino-Philippine Treaty of Amity, which provided for the direct control of the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s Ministry of Education over Chinese schools throughout the archipelago. Such situation continued until 1973, when amendments made to the Philippine Constitution effectively transferred

neg: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Natural Resources () is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for natural resources in the country. It was formed on 19 March 2018, taking on the responsibilities of the now-defunct Ministry of Land and Resources, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping and State Oceanic Administration, with additional responsibilities coming from other departments and ministries. On March 19, 2018, the Government of the People's Republic of China announced the simultaneous creation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and dissolution of

neg: Ministry of Veterans Affairs of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Veterans Affairs of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Veterans Affairs () is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for military veterans in the country. It was formed on 19 March 2018. Some of its responsibilities come from Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission and Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission. On March 19, 2018, the Government of the People's Republic of China announced that the Ministry of Veterans Affairs has been created

neg: 52nd Mountain Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China) 52nd Mountain Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China) The 149th Division, then 52nd Army Division and 52nd Mountain Motorized Infantry Brigade is an infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. It's now a mountain unit facing India. The 149th division() was formed in January 1949 under "the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army", issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on 21st Temporary Division, 60th Corps of the Republic of China Army defected during Liaoshen Campaign. Under the flag of 149th it took part

neg: Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company ordered to start the training and preparation for forming MPSSC, mainly because the rise of the terrorism has diffused internationally in the 1970s. Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company Republic of China Military Police Special Services Company, (MPSSC) (: Code-named "Night Hawk") is a unit of the military police of the Republic of China (Taiwan). This unit is stationed at Wugu, Taipei. Little is known about this unit, since informations regarding it are classified by the Ministry of National Defense. It was formed in 1978. The Epoch Times reported that some members have been trained by the Ranger

neg: International isolation Republic of Kampuchea after 1979, when both the People's Republic of China and the United States pushed for its isolation in the international arena, after not having approved of the Vietnamese invasion to ouster the Khmer Rouge. Another example is when countries fail to comply with or drop out of international agreements. Canada's pull out of the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gases in 2011 is such an example. The concept "falling off the map" was used by political writer V. S. Naipaul in reference to the growing international isolation of the Islamic Republic of Iran after being in the

neg: History of the Republic of China in which dishonest politicians were backed by businessmen and criminal elements at the expense of the society. In opposition to this, some former Kuomintang members formed the New Party to combat the Kuomintang, which had liberalized but had also introduced widespread corruption. Another stage was reached when the first direct elections for the powerful president were held in 1996. Lee ran as the incumbent in the ROC's first direct presidential election against DPP candidate and former dissident, Peng Ming-min, which prompted the People's Republic of China to conduct a series of missile tests in the Taiwan Strait to intimidate the

neg: K. P. Chen Chen to raise the capital for launching The China Development Bank. K. P. Chen was head of China's Currency Stabilization Board. During World War II, the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank was devoted to consolidating the economy. In order to solve the financial problems, K. P. Chen represented the government of the Republic of China and negotiated with U.S.A. for loans. Some agreements were made: In 1938 when the Chinese Ambassador Wellington Koo called on U. S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau to seek financial aid, the U. S. Secretary told him it might be advisable for the Chinese

neg: 95th Division (People's Republic of China) 14, 1951, the division was reorganized and renamed as the PLAAFùs 14th Fighter Division. As of reorganization the division was composed of: 95th Division (People's Republic of China) The 95th Division () was created in March 1949 under "the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army", issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 5th New-formed Division, Jiaodong Column of the PLA Huadong Military District. 5th New-formed Division was formed in March 1948. The division was part of the 32nd Corps. Under the flag of 95th Division it took part in

neg: Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China the Ministry of Land and Resources. The State Administration of National Oceans and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping have remained existing as departments under the jurisdiction of the newly formed Ministry. In March 2018, the 13th National People’s Congress announced that the newly formed Ministry of Natural Resources shall replace the functions of the Ministry of Land & Resources, State Oceanic Administration and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) of the People's Republic of China is a dissolved ministry

neg: 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China The 10th anniversary celebrations of the People's Republic of China were held on October 1, 1959. The main event was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The preceding evening, a grand banquet with many international dignitaries had been organized. In Beijing, ten "great buildings" were constructed ahead of the celebrations. The most prominent of the ten was the Great Hall of the People. On September 28 and 29, 1959 a meeting of more than 10,000 people was held in the Great Hall of the People. Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi were present

neg: 95th Division (People's Republic of China) 95th Division (People's Republic of China) The 95th Division () was created in March 1949 under "the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army", issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 5th New-formed Division, Jiaodong Column of the PLA Huadong Military District. 5th New-formed Division was formed in March 1948. The division was part of the 32nd Corps. Under the flag of 95th Division it took part in the Chinese Civil War. In October 1950 32rd Corps was disbanded and the division was absorbed into the Air Force. On February

neg: Stephen S. F. Chen serves as National Policy Advisor to the President of the Republic of China on Taiwan. He recently spoke at the Center for Strategic and International Studies on the position of the Republic of China on the Diaoyutai issue. A short list of his posts follows: First Secretary in the Embassy for the Republic of China in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1963-1969. Adviser, Republic of China Delegation to the Annual Meeting of the IMF and World Bank, Rio de Janeiro, 1967. Chief, Second Section, Latin American Affairs Department, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, Taiwan 1969-1971. Counselor, Embassy for

neg: National Supervisory Commission National Supervisory Commission National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China is the highest anti-corruption agency of the People's Republic of China, at the same administrative ranking as Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. Its operations are merged with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China. The National Supervision Commission was formed at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress in 2018. The Commission includes the director, deputy director, and ordinary members and the director is appointed by the National People's Congress. The National Supervisory Commission was formed as part of

neg: People First Party (Republic of China) ticket appeared second. While analysts feared that a PFP run will split the Pan-Blue Coalition vote and hand a winnable election to the DPP (as was the case in the 2000 Presidential election), Soong has insisted that his campaign is a serious one and that he will complete his run. On election day, however, the Soong-Lin ticket underperformed and garnered a mere 2.77% of votes. People First Party (Republic of China) The People First Party (PFP, ) is a centre-right political party in Taiwan (Republic of China). The PFP was founded by James Soong and his supporters after his failed

neg: 12th Public Security Division (People's Republic of China) 12th Public Security Division (People's Republic of China) The 147th Division() was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. The division was designated in November 1948 according to "the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army", issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948. from 36th Division, 12th Column of People's Liberation Army of Northeastern China. Its history could be traced to 5th Independent Division of Northeastern Democratic Coalition formed in July 1947. The division was a part of 49th Corps. Under the flag of 147th division

neg: China–Czech Republic relations China–Czech Republic relations China–Czech Republic relations or Sino–Czech relations are international relations between China and the Czech Republic. They were formally established on 6 October 1949 between Czechoslovakia and China. In 1993, the Czech Republic was established and inherited the Czechoslovak treaty. The relations, trade and tourism between the China and the Czech Republic improved rapidly since the 1990s; and in the 2010s, agreements were made for more thorough economic improvements. People's Republic of China–Czech Republic relations began on 6 October 1949 when the Czech Republic was a federal element of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic became an independent country on

neg: History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989) does not apply to minority ethnic groups. As a result of demographic transition, the demographics of China are rapidly changing. It has since been changed to allow parents to have two children due to the average age of Chinese people growing and because of the lack of people who are of working age. History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989) In September 1976, after Mao Zedong's death, the People's Republic of China was left with no central authority figure, either symbolically or administratively. The Gang of Four was dismantled, but Hua Guofeng continued to persist on Mao-era policies. After

neg: Japanese people in China of Japanese nationals in Mainland China. The following are approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT): Mainland China Hong Kong Unrecognized by MEXT: Japanese people in China Japanese people in China are Japanese expatriates and emigrants and their descendants residing in Greater China. There were 127,282 Japanese nationals living in People's Republic of China in 2009. About 105,764 Japanese nationals resided in Mainland China, 27,429 in Hong Kong and Macau, about 20,373 in the Republic of China. Tang dynasty China received 11 Japanese dancers as tribute from Balhae in 777. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese government introduced

neg: Wang Yitang Wang Yitang Wang Yitang (; October 17, 1877 – September 10, 1948) was a politician and military leader in the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. He belonged to the Anhui clique and formed the Anfu Club (). Later he became an important politician in the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. His former name was Zhiyang () and his courtesy names were Shenwu () and Shengong (). Later, his name was changed to Geng () while his courtesy name was changed to Yitang (). He was also known

neg: South Korea–Taiwan relations both United Nations resolutions. During the Korean War, the ROC supplied material aid to ROK, while the People's Republic of China gave North Korea combatants to support the People's Volunteer Army. Both ROK and ROC governments opposed socialism, as well as the People's Republic of China (PRC). Neither ROK nor ROC recognized or formed a diplomatic relationship with the PRC government. The Republic of Korea referred to the PRC as 'Communist China' (중공, 中共), and the ROC as 'Nationalist China' (국부중국, 國府中國; before 1960s) or 'Free China' (자유중국, 自由中國; after 1970s). The government of the ROC also considered the Republic

neg: Chinese people in Papua New Guinea in PNG remained supporters of the Kuomintang and their Republic of China (ROC) government based on Taiwan, until the 1960s, when they began to realise that the KMT's plan to retake mainland China was unlikely to be realised. However, their fears of being labelled as communists led them to maintain at least public loyalty to Taiwan well after that, flying the flag of the Republic of China and continuing to send representatives to the ROC's National Assembly in Taipei until Australia's recognition of the PRC in 1972. After independence, some of the Chinese who held PNG nationality became involved in

neg: Republic of Florence until 1533, when Alessandro de Medici was created Duke of Florence, thereby turning Florence into a hereditary monarchy. Republic of Florence The Republic of Florence, also known as the Florentine Republic (, , or ), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany. The republic originated in 1115, when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of Matilda of Tuscany, a woman who controlled vast territories that included Florence. The Florentines formed a commune in her successors' place. The republic was ruled by a council

neg: Air pollution in Taiwan the pollutants which it monitored included NO, CO, PM, O, SO and HCs. In November 2015, the Conservation Mothers Foundation criticized the EPA, arguing that it was urging people to stay at home during periods of bad air quality, when they should rather be "inspecting and fining the major parties responsible for air pollution". Air pollution in Taiwan Air pollution in Taiwan (Republic of China) is significantly created both domestic as well as blown over from China (People's Republic of China). Taiwan's topography has been noted to be a contributing factor to its air pollution problem. Taipei, Taiwan's capital and

neg: Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China of Culture and Tourism at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress. That same day, Luo Shugang was elected Minister of Culture and Tourism. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China The Ministry of Culture and Tourism () is a ministry of the State Council of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for cultural policy and activities and tourism in the country. Its headquarters are in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It was formed on 19 March 2018; its predecessors were the Ministry of Culture and China National Tourism Administration. On March 19, 2018,

neg: British Hong Kong the Defence Staff of the United Kingdom, Field Marshal Sir Charles Guthrie, also attended. Representing China were the President of the People's Republic of China, Jiang Zemin, Premier of the People's Republic of China, Li Peng, and Tung Chee-hwa, the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. This event was broadcast on television and radio stations across the world. Hong Kong was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom and maintained an administration roughly modelled after the Westminster system. The Letters Patent formed the constitutional basis of the colonial government and

neg: 1996 Taiwan presidential election are choosing war." The crisis came to an end when two U.S. aircraft carrier battle groups were positioned near Taiwan. Lee, who told his people to resist "state terrorism," was seen as a strong leader who could negotiate with China. Because of this, many constituents from southern Taiwan who favored independence voted for him. 1996 Taiwan presidential election The election of the ninth-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China (第九任中華民國總統 、副總統選舉) was the first direct presidential election in the history of the Republic of China. It occurred on 23 March 1996. In the previous eight elections the president