query: what is the new name of the czech republic

pos: Name of the Czech Republic on Geographical Names (PCGN) recommended the use of "Czechia" and added it as the sole form of the country name to their list of country names. On 26 September 2016, the International Organization for Standardization included the short name "Czechia" in the official ISO 3166 country codes list. Google switched to "Czechia" on Google Maps and Android country settings in January, 2017. The name "Czechia" and its respective translations are also included in the Interinstitutional style guide of the European Union. The equivalent of the Czech short form is in routine use by most other languages. In a few cases

pos: Name of the Czech Republic Name of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic's official formal and short names at the United Nations are and in Czech, and the Czech Republic and Czechia in English. All these names derive from the name of the Czechs, the West Slavic ethnic group native to the Czech lands. "Czechia" (), the official English short name specified by the Czech government, is used by many international organisations and attested as early as 1841. However, most English speakers use "[the] Czech Republic" in all contexts. Other languages generally have greater official use of a short form analogous to "Česko" or "Czechia"

pos: Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava and Pilsen. The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU),

pos: Name of the Czech Republic Slovak national aspirations, the name "Czecho-Slovakia" (later "Czechoslovakia") was adopted instead. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the name "Czechia" appeared in English, alongside the official name, as a reference to all the Czech lands and to differentiate between the Czech and Slovak parts of the state. It was used at least as early as 4 January 1925; appearing in the article "Literary History of the Czechs", published by "The New York Times". The name was used in the Anglophone press before the German occupation of the Czech lands in 1939. The current English ethnonym "Czech" comes from the Polish ethnonym

pos: Czech Republic 1990 World Men's Handball Championship; home venue of ex-KHL's HC Lev Praha) and Stadion Evžena Rošického (1978 European Athletics Championships). Government News Statistics Trade Travel Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city

pos: Name of the Czech Republic the Nazis, who used the term "remaining Czechia" when they annexed the western parts of Czechoslovakia in early 1939. Since the restoration of Czechoslovakia and after the Second World War, the term is in use instead, as suggested by the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as German and Austrian linguists. is a term from the 19th century that was originally used for the Czech lands that were part of Austria-Hungary. The Federal Foreign Office uses Tschechien on its official list of countries. Name of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic's official formal and short names at the United

pos: Name of the Czech Republic the official short name. The new name was approved by the Czech cabinet on 2 May 2016 and registered on July 5, 2016. In November 2016 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presented recommendations on how to use the short name "Czechia" in international contexts. On 1 June 2017, the geography department of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University in Prague organised a special conference to assess the progress of the name's proliferation. The new short name was published in the United Nations UNTERM and UNGEGN country name databases on 17 May 2016. In September 2016, the British Permanent Committee

neg: Czech Socialist Republic Czech Socialist Republic The Czech Socialist Republic ("Česká socialistická republika" in Czech; abbreviated ČSR) was a republic within Communist Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, liberalisation reforms were stopped and reverted. The only exception was the federalization of the country. The former centralist state Czechoslovakia was divided in two parts: the "Czech Socialist Republic" and the "Slovak Socialist Republic" by the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968, which went into effect on 1 January 1969. New national parliaments (the

neg: Name of the Czech Republic newly independent Czechoslovakia ("Česko-Slovensko" or "Československo") . Within that state, the Czech Socialist Republic ("Česká socialistická republika", "ČSR") was created on 1 January 1969. On 6 March 1990 the Czech Socialist Republic was renamed the Czech Republic ("Česká republika", "ČR"). When Czechoslovakia broke up in 1993, the Czech part of the name was intended to serve as the name of the Czech state. The decision started a dispute as many perceived the "new" word "Česko", which before had been only rarely used alone, as harsh sounding or as a remnant of "Československo". The older term "Čechy" was rejected by many

neg: Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic Creed, Athanasian Creed, the Second Helvetic Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism and the Westminster Confession of Faith. Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic The Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic was founded by the missionaries of the Free Church of Scotland and congregational missionaries from Boston as the Free Reformed Church in 1880. After World War II, it adopted a new name the Unity of Czech Brethren. The denomination expanded into Slovakia, and new Polish and Slovak members were gained. In 1961 it adopted the current name. The church is congregational in church government and increasingly Reformed

neg: Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic The Church of the Brethren in the Czech Republic was founded by the missionaries of the Free Church of Scotland and congregational missionaries from Boston as the Free Reformed Church in 1880. After World War II, it adopted a new name the Unity of Czech Brethren. The denomination expanded into Slovakia, and new Polish and Slovak members were gained. In 1961 it adopted the current name. The church is congregational in church government and increasingly Reformed in theology. In 2004 the church had 9,000 members and 55 congregations. It affirms the Apostles

neg: Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations two countries shows a positive trend. Many companies from the Czech Republic have so far invested in Macedonia. Other spheres of good cooperation between the two states are tourism and education. The Czech Republic is also a country that recognizes Macedonia under its constitutional name "Republic of Macedonia" and supports it in the name row with Greece. The Czech Republic therefore is one of 131 states in total, which have also recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name. The embassy of the Czech Republic in Macedonia was opened in September 2006 and is located in Skopje. The Macedonian embassy in the

neg: Czech Republic football league system Czech Republic football league system The Czech Republic football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in the Czech Republic. Below shows how the current system works. For each division, its English name, official name or sponsorship name (which often differs radically from its official name) and number of clubs is given. Each division promotes to the division(s) that lie directly above them and relegates to the division(s) that lie directly below them. Two clubs are relegated and promoted from the Czech First League and Czech 2. Liga respectively each season. One club is promoted from

neg: Pale lager 1842 Josef Groll of Pilsen, a city in western Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, used some of these methods to produce "Pilsner Urquell", the first known example of a golden lager. This beer proved so successful that other breweries followed the trend, using the name Pilsner. Breweries now use the terms "lager" and "Pilsner" interchangeably, though pale lagers from Germany and the Czech Republic with the name Pilsner tend to have more evident noble hop aroma and dry finish than other pale lagers. With the success of Pilsen's golden beer, the town of Dortmund in Germany started

neg: Burianosaurus clade Iguanodontia. Their cladogram is reproduced below: Life-sized models of two "Burianosaurus augustai" individuals were unveiled in Prague DinoPark on June 20th, 2018. Burianosaurus Burianosaurus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now the Czech Republic (it was found in 2003 near the city of Kutná Hora), being the first validly named dinosaur from that country. It was named B. augustai in 2017; the genus name honours the Czech palaeoartist Zdeněk Burian, and the species name honours the Czech palaeontologist Josef Augusta. The holotype specimen is a femur discovered in 2003, which was described as possibly

neg: Miss Czech Republic director Miloš Zapletal between 1989 and 2008. In 2009, Miss World 2006, Taťána Kuchařová, became the new director. In 2005, former titleholder Michaela Maláčová founded rival competition Česká Miss, which stated sending representatives to Miss Universe, Miss World and Miss Earth. In 2010, the two organizations signed an agreement of partnership, where the two rival organizations would have Maláčová as president. In 2018 the Miss České Republiky is owned by Tatyana Makarenko. The competition was founded under the name Miss Face Czech Republic and January 3, 2018 was renamed Miss Czech Republic. Since 2018 Miss Czech Republic has a Miss

neg: Burianosaurus Burianosaurus Burianosaurus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now the Czech Republic (it was found in 2003 near the city of Kutná Hora), being the first validly named dinosaur from that country. It was named B. augustai in 2017; the genus name honours the Czech palaeoartist Zdeněk Burian, and the species name honours the Czech palaeontologist Josef Augusta. The holotype specimen is a femur discovered in 2003, which was described as possibly belonging to an iguanodont in 2005. When the fossil was first described in 2005, it was said to be most morphologically similar to

neg: Name of the Czech Republic (such as French , or Korean /"Cheko") although forms equivalent to "Czech Republic" are not uncommon. The Czech name is from the same root but means Bohemia, the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands and the modern Czech Republic. The name "Bohemia" is an exonym derived from the Boii, a Celtic tribe inhabiting the area before the early Slavs arrived. The Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1348–1918) were part of the Holy Roman Empire; often called "the Czech lands", they sometimes extended further, to all of Silesia, Lusatia, and various smaller territories. The Czech adjective means both

neg: Czech and Slovak Federative Republic Czech and Slovak Federative Republic After the fall of communism in 1989, Czechoslovakia adopted the official name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (, ; ČSFR) during the period from 23 April 1990 until 31 December 1992, when the country was dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This period is also referred to as the Fifth Czechoslovak Republic. Since 1960, Czechoslovakia's official name had been the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ("Československá socialistická republika", ČSSR). In the aftermath of the Velvet Revolution, newly elected President Václav Havel announced that "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name. Conventional wisdom suggested that

neg: Komorní Lhotka Komorní Lhotka Lhotka and Ligotka are diminutive forms of Lhota in Czech and Ligota in Polish respectively, which are common names for villages in both Czech Republic and Western Poland. The word refers to the medieval custom of village founders being exempt from paying duties to their lords for a period of 5–8 years. As it is a common name it is often accompanied by an distinguishing adjective. Komorní Lhotka was first mentioned as "Buczkowa Lhota", where "Buczkowa" was an adjective derived from personal name "Buczek" (in contrary to what might seem from beech trees, Czech and Polish: "buk"). Later

neg: Czech Republic football league system not necessarily follows the path in the table below (this is mainly the case of Central Bohemian region), teams are placed to particular divisions according to their location/FA decision. Clubs from Bohemia (regions below Divisions A/B/C) can't play with clubs from Moravia-Silesia (Divisions D/E) though. Clubs at the top four levels are eligible for cup competitions. Czech Republic football league system The Czech Republic football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in the Czech Republic. Below shows how the current system works. For each division, its English name, official name or sponsorship name (which often

neg: Constitution of the Czech Republic placing it within the three powers, the bank was given its own chapter. The constitution provides the basis for local government, by dividing the territory of the republic into self-governing territorial districts, and regions (Articles 99–105). The document concludes by weighing in on a number of so-called 'interim' issues which mainly applied to the Republic in its first year of existence. Chiefly, it specifically delineates what officers or laws of the former Czech government as a constituent part of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic remained in force until the Czech Republic produced new officeholders or laws under the provisions found elsewhere

neg: Austria–Czech Republic relations influence in Austrian politics, economy and the arts had their roots in what is now the Czech Republic. During the First World War, while nearly 1.5 million Czechs fought in the Austro-Hungarian army, exiled Czech politicians backed by the military legions worked on the regaining of the independence of Bohemia in the form of Czech-Slovak union. The Entente powers supported their plans, which did not provide any autonomy or other special treatment for the Germans in the new country. After the end of the empire in October and November, 1918, German Austria and Czechoslovakia shortly quarreled on the issue of

neg: Karel (given name) (after whom the Karel programming language was named), the composer Karel Husa, and the singer Karel Gott. The feminine version of the name, "Karla", (diminutive Karlička) is infrequently used. Karel (given name) Karel is a given name in Dutch and Czech, equivalent to Charles, meaning "Free Man". The name Karel (and its diminutives, Karlík, Karlíček, and Kája) appears frequently among the Czechs. In 2006, 124,784 Karels lived in the Czech Republic, making the name the thirteenth most popular Czech name. Between 1999 and 2002, the number of Karels in the Czech Republic dropped by 2.7%, and the name dropped out

neg: Football Association of the Czech Republic Association (; ČSAF) and controlled the Czechoslovakia national football team. After the partition of Czechoslovakia the association took the name Bohemian-Moravian Football Federation ("Českomoravský fotbalový svaz"; ČMFS) until June 2011. Football Association of the Czech Republic The Football Association of the Czech Republic (; FAČR) or colloquially the "Czech Football Association" is the governing body of football in the Czech Republic, based in Prague. It organizes the lower-level league competitions in the country (the professional Czech First League and Czech Second League are organized independently), the Czech Cup, and the Czech Republic national football team. First predecessor were established as

neg: Josef and Ctirad Mašín a clear stand on the Mašíns. In 2005, the Czech and Slovak Association of Canada gave the Thomas Masaryk Award to the Mašín Brothers and Milan Paumer. On 28 February 2008 the Czech Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek awarded the Mašíns with the new "Prime Minister's Medal" at a ceremony at the Czech Embassy in Washington. At a later ceremony in the Czech Republic on 4 March 2008, he also decorated Milan Paumer. As its name suggests, the award is a personal decoration, not one given in the name of the Czech state. Topolánek wishes to start a new discussion on

neg: Alena Vrzáňová her husband's death, she worked for the Ice Capades and led New York City's largest public ice rink, the Wollman Rink. Vrzáňová was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2009, she also received the title of the Sports Legend of the Czech Republic. In 2012, Czech Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg presented to her the 16th annual Gratias Agit Awards in recognition of those who promote the good name of the Czech Republic abroad. Alena Vrzáňová Alena "Ája" Vrzáňová (, also Zanová, married name: Steindler; 16 May 1931 – 30 July 2015) was a Czech

neg: Name days in the Czech Republic Name days in the Czech Republic In the Czech Republic, each day of the year except national holidays corresponds to a personal name. People celebrate their name day ("" or more formally "") on the date corresponding to their own given name. In the past, parents were not allowed to choose just any name for a child. This has changed, although it is still common to choose the name from the name day "calendar" and any highly unusual name has to be approved by a special office. The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, but many changes

neg: Cestné a Stavebné Mechanizmy Tisovec increased in size, with additional housing being built in what is known as New Detva. In 1978 the plant changed its name to "ZÁVODY ŤAŽKÉHO STROJÁRSTVA". After the Velvet Revolution in 1989 and the split of Slovakia from the Czech Republic, illegal and non-transparent privatization, typical of Central and Eastern European states, took place and the factory had to put its production on halt and downsize its workforce from 8,000 in 1993 to 1,000 in 2005. In 1990 the plant changed its name again due to new laws and statutes to "ZÁVODY ŤAŽKÉHO STROJÁRSTVA Tisovec, š.p.", being a state-owned enterprise,

neg: Czech Socialist Republic were "de facto" five different bodies each having right of veto) was kept after the fall of socialism, complicating and delaying political decisions during radical changes in the economy. Later, in 1992, the Czech Republic became an independent state (see Dissolution of Czechoslovakia). Czech Socialist Republic The Czech Socialist Republic ("Česká socialistická republika" in Czech; abbreviated ČSR) was a republic within Communist Czechoslovakia that is the Czech Republic today. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968, liberalisation reforms were stopped and reverted. The only exception was the federalization of

neg: Celtic nations land in what is now southern Germany and Austria. Many scholars have associated the earliest Celtic peoples with the Hallstatt culture. The Boii, the Scordisci, and the Vindelici are some of the tribes that inhabited Central Europe, including what is now Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Poland and the Czech Republic as well as Germany and Austria. The Boii gave their name to Bohemia. The Boii founded a city on the site of modern Prague, and some of its ruins are now a tourist attraction. There are claims among modern Czechs that the Czech people are as much descendants of the Boii

neg: Karel (given name) Karel (given name) Karel is a given name in Dutch and Czech, equivalent to Charles, meaning "Free Man". The name Karel (and its diminutives, Karlík, Karlíček, and Kája) appears frequently among the Czechs. In 2006, 124,784 Karels lived in the Czech Republic, making the name the thirteenth most popular Czech name. Between 1999 and 2002, the number of Karels in the Czech Republic dropped by 2.7%, and the name dropped out of the twenty most popular newborn child names. Famous Czechs with this given name include the poet Karel Hynek Mácha, the journalist Karel Havlíček Borovský, the writer Karel Čapek

neg: Slovak Socialist Republic Slovak Socialist Republic The Slovak Socialist Republic (; abbreviated SSR) was from 1969 to 1990 the official name of Slovakia. The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 liberalisation reforms were halted and then reversed. The only significant exception was the federalization of the country. The former centralist state of Czechoslovakia was divided in two: the "Czech Socialist Republic" and "Slovak Socialist Republic" by the Constitutional Law of Federation of 28 October 1968, which came into effect on 1 January 1969. New national parliaments (the Czech National Council and the

neg: Beer in the Czech Republic Beer in the Czech Republic Beer () has a long history in what is now the Czech Republic, with brewing taking place in Břevnov Monastery in 993. The city of Brno had the right to brew beer from the 12th century while Plzeň and České Budějovice (Pilsen and Budweis in German), had breweries in the 13th century. The most common Czech beers are pale lagers of pilsner type, with characteristic transparent golden colour, high foaminess and lighter flavour. The Czech Republic has the highest beer consumption per capita in the world. The largest Czech beer breweries are Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský

neg: Czech nationality law the original citizenship, if the other state refuses to issue confirmation of the loss of citizenship, if the loss of foreign citizenship would result in persecution, if it is in the political interests of the Czech Republic, or if the applicant has resided on the territory of what is today the Czech Republic for at least twenty years. Czech citizenship can be proved by presenting a national identification card ("občanský průkaz"), a travel document (such as a Czech passport), a proof of citizenship document, or a marriage certificate (if citizenship details are included). Czech Republic allows its citizens to hold

neg: Ahold Czech Republic subsequently remodelled them to their Albert brand. In 2009, the company dropped the Hypernova brand, re-branding all hypermarket operations to the name Albert Hypermarket. In March 2014 Ahold Czech Republic a.s. acquired 49 stores from Spar, 36 hypermarkets and 14 supermarkets for 5.25 billion Czech Crowns 5.165.213.000,00 CZK). With this move Albert is now the biggest supermarket chain in the Czech Republic, totaling 330 outlets. The Prague TV guide mentioned in 2015 both the original pioneering and current outdatedness of the Albert stores. Ahold Czech Republic Ahold Czech Republic, a. s., doing business as Albert, is a division of the

neg: Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic are issued by the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic to members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic serving under its command, civil employees of the Ministry and foreign soldiers who co-operated with/under Czech command. Members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic are eligible for State decorations of the Czech Republic. These decorations are awarded by the President of the Czech Republic. This list contains military decorations which are awarded in the name of the Minister of Defence and

neg: Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic the Chief of the General Staff. Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic Military awards and decorations of the Czech Republic are issued by the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic to members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic serving under its command, civil employees of the Ministry and foreign soldiers who co-operated with/under Czech command. Members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic are eligible for State decorations of the Czech Republic. These decorations are awarded by the President of the Czech Republic. This list contains military decorations which are awarded in the name

neg: Parliament of the Czech Republic Parliament of the Czech Republic The Parliament of the Czech Republic () or just Parliament () is the legislative body of the Czech Republic, seated in Malá Strana, Prague. It consists of two chambers, both elected in direct elections: Art. 15 of the Constitution stipulates its name as the "Parliament". The Parliament exercises competences usual in parliamentary systems: it holds and passes bills, has the right to modify the Constitution, ratifies international agreements; if necessary, it declares war, approves presence of foreign military forces in the Czech Republic or a dispatch of Czech military forces abroad. The tradition of modern

neg: Czech Republic–Republic of Macedonia relations 1968, when the Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (at that time a republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) supported Czechoslovakia. A lot of manifestations were held throughout Macedonia in order to support Czechoslovakia and to protest against what was happening. The Czech Republic offers continuous support to the Republic of Macedonia considering the country's accession to the European Union and NATO, which is among the top strategic priorities of Macedonia. The cooperation in the field of economy between Macedonia and the Czech Republic is good and improving. The level of trade exchange between the

neg: Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo of Bologna. His best remembered work is a catalogue of the entire collection, published in 1895 and still in use nowadays; almost all of the artifacts has a code name "KS" (followed by a number) after the two initials of his last name. Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo died in Bologna in November 24, 1896. Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo, née Jan Kmínek-Szedlo (April 22, 1828 – November 24, 1896) was a Czech–Italian Egyptologist.<br> He is usually remembered as the first Egyptologist from what nowadays is the Czech Republic but since he spent most of his life and fulfilled his whole career in Italy,

neg: Státní podnik In 1990, a new law brought decision-making power back to founders and self-management of labor collectives were abolished, leaving only a partial representation of employees in the supervisory board. The agency diminished in 1997. Státní podnik Státní podnik (s.p.; translation — "state enterprise," of a business nature) is a Czech Republic and erstwhile Czech Socialist Republic designation for a business entity owned by the government (aka, "the state"). As is now and was always the case, the entity name is followed by the name of its legal structure, either spelled out ("viz.", "Státní podník,") or abbreviated in lower case ("viz.",

neg: Islam in the Czech Republic Moravia. Strong trade links between Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire emerged during the 19th century. Traditionally, influence of Islam on culture of Czech lands has been small. A law 1912 by the Austro-Hungarian monarchy recognised Islam as a "state religion" and officially allowed its presence in what is now the Czech Republic. The first community ("Muslimské náboženské obce pro Československo") was established in 1934 and disbanded in 1949. An attempt to set up a new community in 1968 failed. In 1991, the "Center of Muslim communities" () was established. In 1998 the first mosque was opened, in Brno and a year

neg: Beer in the Czech Republic the brewery is beginning construction to expand its brewery and meet the export demand for its customers. Due to this record breaking year, Budejovicky Budvar is the second largest beer exporter in the Czech Republic. However, the company was unable to meet all orders due to their limited production capacities. Beer in the Czech Republic Beer () has a long history in what is now the Czech Republic, with brewing taking place in Břevnov Monastery in 993. The city of Brno had the right to brew beer from the 12th century while Plzeň and České Budějovice (Pilsen and Budweis in

neg: Name days in the Czech Republic were made to reflect the present-day usage of names. The name day is commonly of less importance than birthdays to Czech people and is celebrated just in some families. However the name day celebration can be held together with friends or co-workers of the same name and in this way it can grow in size and "importance". The proportion of the population that celebrates name days is falling; the name day is nowadays more likely a reason to celebrate for the sake of celebrating, or for giving a present to somebody one loves. Name days in the Czech Republic In

neg: Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. is a Czech telecommunications company. It is among the largest Czech companies by revenue. It was established as Český Mobil (Czech Mobile) in 1999, when the government of Miloš Zeman granted it a free license to operate the third mobile GSM network. Its mobile network was called Oskar; the company itself was renamed in September 2004 to Oskar Mobil. In 2005 the international company Vodafone became the sole shareholder, which in November 2005, approved the most recent change in the company name. Czech Vodafone currently has over 3 million customers. The director is

neg: 2004 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election for the position.<ref name="CEVRO - Listopad/prosinec"></ref> The election was held on 15 December 2004. Sobotka received 55 votes while Jařab only 22. Sobotka stated he wants to help the image of Senate as the new President. Jařab stated he believes that Sobotka will be a good President of Senate. It is believed Sobotka was supported by 35 Civic Democrats and also by some Social Democrats and Christian Democrats. 2004 President of the Senate of the Czech Republic election Election of the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic was held on 15 December 2004. Přemysl Sobotka defeated Josef Jařab

neg: Štíty Štíty Štíty (; until 1949 Šilperk ) is a small town in the Olomouc Region of Moravia, in the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. The town is known for its freestyle skiing centre whose operator is the Winter Olympic gold medalist Aleš Valenta. The original name was Schildberg in German language and Šilperk in Czech language. The population was ethnically mixed until 1945 when Sudeten Germans were expelled. After World War II, the town was renamed as Žalkov; however, this name was not popular, thus new name "Štíty" was created. Meaning of original name as well as new

neg: Parliament of the Czech Republic Czech National Council ("Česká národní rada"), while the Senate was established in 1996 (with reference to the First Czechoslovak Republic one). Parliament of the Czech Republic The Parliament of the Czech Republic () or just Parliament () is the legislative body of the Czech Republic, seated in Malá Strana, Prague. It consists of two chambers, both elected in direct elections: Art. 15 of the Constitution stipulates its name as the "Parliament". The Parliament exercises competences usual in parliamentary systems: it holds and passes bills, has the right to modify the Constitution, ratifies international agreements; if necessary, it declares war, approves

neg: Band of the Castle Guards and the Police of the Czech Republic name "Band of the Castle Guards and the Police". Band of the Castle Guards and the Police of the Czech Republic The Band of the Castle Guards and the Police of the Czech Republic (Czech: "Hudba Hradní stráže a Policie České republiky") is a unit of the Police of the Czech Republic responsible for providing musical support to the Prague Castle Guard of the Army of the Czech Republic, as well as during other official ceremonies at Prague Castle such as state visits. The band's origins date to 1945 and it was officially organized within the Ministry of the Interior

neg: Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is Thun-Hohenstein Palace in Malá Strana, Prague. Officially, the full name of the chamber is: Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The members of the 200-seat house serve for four-year terms and are elected using the party-list proportional representation system. Since 2002, there are 14 constituencies matching the Czech regions and the D'Hondt method has been applied. The Government is primarily responsible to the Chamber

neg: History of the Czech lands the Czech lands was expelled after fall of Nazi Germany and of its occupation of Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovaks were now almost homogenous in their composition, dominated by ethnic Czechs and Slovaks. On 1 January 1993, the Velvet Divorce occurred, whereby two separate states were created out of the former Czechoslovakia: the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The Czech Republic became a member of NATO in 1999, and the European Union in May 2004. Lists: General: History of the Czech lands The history of what are now known as the Czech lands () is very diverse. These lands have changed

neg: Eurotel to buy a licence to the future GSM network. The name Eurotel was used for the Czechoslovak network. After the country's division in 1993, the company also separated into a Slovak Eurotel Bratislava and a Czech Eurotel Praha. The Slovak branch was rebranded to Telekom (formerly T-mobile) in 2005, the Czech branch to O in 2006. O also operates in Slovakia and T-Mobile in the Czech republic, but they are unrelated to either Eurotel Bratislava or Eurotel Praha, respectively. Telefónica O2 Slovakia is a brand new network and T-Mobile Czech Republic evolved from the Paegas network. In March 2000, EuroTel

neg: Inekon Trams Inekon Trams Inekon Trams, a.s. is a manufacturer of trams, or streetcars, located in the Czech Republic, and has supplied new trams to several cities in the Czech Republic and the United States. The company also carries out modernisation and repair of trams, as well as track reconstruction. It is a joint-stock company (Czech: "", or a.s.). Formed in 2001, the company was originally a joint venture of Inekon Group and the Ostrava Public Transport Agency (Dopravní Podnik Ostrava, or DPO), and was named DPO Inekon. The name was changed to Inekon Trams in 2005, after Inekon Group purchased the

neg: Libertas (Czech Republic) Libertas (Czech Republic) Libertas.cz is a eurosceptic party in the Czech Republic that was founded in 2009 by the former media entrepreneur and MEP Vladimír Železný. After some controversies it became an associate of Declan Ganley's pan-European alliance Libertas.eu. After comprehensive negotiations with president Václav Klaus and other leading Czech eurosceptics, Ganley's attempts to bring about a Czech branch of "Libertas.eu" remained unsuccessful. The newly founded Party of Free Citizens, which was endorsed by Klaus, unexpectedly refused to cooperate with Ganley's pan-European alliance, leaving the name "Libertas" unclaimed in the Czech Republic. This enabled the former media mogul Vladimír Železný,

neg: Doctor of Science h.c. (for "honoris causa"). In the Czech Republic and Slovakia "Doctor of Sciences" (DrSc. behind the name), established in 1953, is equivalent to the degree of Doctor of Science in the sense in which the D.Sc. is used in the Commonwealth. It is the highest academic qualification, different from both Ph.D. and PhDr. titles. In the Czech Republic, DrSc. is not awarded since 2001; instead, since 2006, a "Doctor of Sciences" degree (DSc. behind the name) is awarded not by universities but by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic mostly for research in the field of natural or

neg: Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej () (meaning "The Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic") is a Polish organization in the Czech Republic. It fulfills two main tasks. It coordinates activities of other Polish organizations in the country, and represents Polish minority in negotiations with the Czech government. Current chairman is Mariusz Wałach. It was created on 3 February 1990, in Český Těšín, as "Rada Polaków" (The Council of Poles), and was renamed to the current name in 1991. Founders of the Council argued that the Polish Cultural and Educational Union, the only

neg: Vojtech name in the Czech republic. The name is spelled without the caron above the letter e. Vojtech Vojtěch (Czech pronunciation: ) or Vojtech is a, respectively, Czech and Slovak given name of Slavic origin. It is composed of two parts: voj - war, warrior and "tech" - happy, eager. The name day is 23 April. The name Adalbert is occasionally associated with Vojtech, due to the saint Adalbert of Prague, however, the two names have no linguistic relationship with each other. The proper Czech spelling of the name is 'Vojtěch'. The name contains two Czech orthography elements. The first is

neg: 1996 Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election for parliamentary support. 187 MPs were present. Zeman received 103 votes, Vik received 30 votes and 57 votes were invalid. Zeman became the new Speaker. 1996 Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election Election of the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic was held on 27 June 1996.<ref name="PČR, PS 1996-1998, 1. schůze, část 3/4 (27. 6. 1996)"></ref> Miloš Zeman was elected the new Speaker when he defeated Jan Vik. 1996 legislative election concluded with victory of governing coalition. Coalition was short of parliamentary majority and

neg: Státní podnik Státní podnik Státní podnik (s.p.; translation — "state enterprise," of a business nature) is a Czech Republic and erstwhile Czech Socialist Republic designation for a business entity owned by the government (aka, "the state"). As is now and was always the case, the entity name is followed by the name of its legal structure, either spelled out ("viz.", "Státní podník,") or abbreviated in lower case ("viz.", "s.p."). State enterprises (in the native language, the plural use is "státní podniky") were created in 1988 by the Czech Socialist Republic and its organizational units under an initiative of socialist reconstruction (aka "perestroika)".

neg: Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic The Ruthenian (Greek) Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic, also known as the Apostolic Exarchate in the Czech Republic, is an Eastern Catholic institution overseeing Catholics of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. It uses the localized Byzantine Rite in archaic Slavonic language and is based in the Czech Republic. It's cathedral episcopal see is Katedrála sv. Klimenta, located in the Czech national capital, Prague. On March 13, 1996, Pope John Paul II proclaimed a new Apostolic Exarchate (exempt pre-diocese) for Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite in the Czech Republic under the rule

neg: 1996 Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election 1996 Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election Election of the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic was held on 27 June 1996.<ref name="PČR, PS 1996-1998, 1. schůze, část 3/4 (27. 6. 1996)"></ref> Miloš Zeman was elected the new Speaker when he defeated Jan Vik. 1996 legislative election concluded with victory of governing coalition. Coalition was short of parliamentary majority and needed support of opposition Czech Social Democratic Party. Coalition offered support in Speaker election to the leader of Social Democratic Party Miloš Zeman in exchange

neg: Pomazánkové máslo 1977. Annual Czech production is over 8,000 tons. Major producers are Madeta and Choceňská mlékárna. European Union regulation has forbidden the "pomazánkové máslo" label because it contains the word "máslo" (butter). According to European regulations, only products containing more than 39% of milkfat can be called butter. The Slovak Republic accepted this decision immediately, whereas the Czech Republic did so after several court hearings. In Slovakia, the new names for the product became "smotanová natierka" (cream spread) and "roztierateľný tuk" (spreadable fat), while a Czech name wasn't initially established due to the hearings - however dairies announced that they would

neg: Karosa Irisbus Récréo, and Irisbus Citelis, but now production is mainly focused on the Iveco Crossway and Iveco Urbanway buses. Karosa Karosa (, ) is a bus manufacturer in Vysoké Mýto, a town in the Czech Republic. It was the biggest manufacturer of buses in Czechoslovakia. In 2007 its name was changed to Iveco Czech Republic, and now the company produces buses under the name Iveco Bus. Since 2014, the Czech Republic produces more buses per million inhabitants than any other country in the world. The Iveco Bus factory in Vysoké Mýto produces around 3,100 buses annually and is the largest

neg: Czech Silesia Czech Silesia Czech Silesia (; , , , ; sometimes Moravian Silesia, , , , ) is the name given to the part of the historical region of Silesia presently located in the Czech Republic. While not today an administrative entity in itself, Czech Silesia is, together with Bohemia and Moravia, one of the three historical Czech lands. In this context, it is often mentioned as "Silesia" even though it is only around one tenth of the area of the historic land of Silesia. It lies in the north-east of the Czech Republic, predominantly in the Moravian-Silesian Region, with a

neg: Cinema of the Czech Republic Cinema of the Czech Republic Czech cinema is the name for cinematography of Czech Republic, as well as the Czech cinematography while it was a part of other countries. Three Czech/Czechoslovak films that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film were "The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze)" by Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos in 1965, "Closely Watched Trains (Ostře sledované vlaky)" by Jiří Menzel in 1967 and "Kolya (Kolja)" by Jan Svěrák in 1996. Several others were nominated, including The Resignation of a Lost Love by Orestes Felicius in 2007. The most viewed Czech film ever

neg: Czech Republic the Czech economy one of the highest growth rates in the European Union. , the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic was the lowest in the EU at 2.4%, and the poverty rate is the second lowest of OECD members only behind Denmark. Czech Republic ranks 24th in both the Index of Economic Freedom (ranked behind Norway) and the Global Innovation Index (ranked behind Australia), 29th in the Global Competitiveness Report<ref name="GCR 2018/19"></ref> 30th in the ease of doing business index and 25th in the Global Enabling Trade Report (ranked behind Canada). The Czech Republic has a highly diverse economy

neg: Karosa Karosa Karosa (, ) is a bus manufacturer in Vysoké Mýto, a town in the Czech Republic. It was the biggest manufacturer of buses in Czechoslovakia. In 2007 its name was changed to Iveco Czech Republic, and now the company produces buses under the name Iveco Bus. Since 2014, the Czech Republic produces more buses per million inhabitants than any other country in the world. The Iveco Bus factory in Vysoké Mýto produces around 3,100 buses annually and is the largest manufacturer of buses in Europe. In 1896 Josef Sodomka founded a manufacturing plant for coaches - " First East

neg: Sony Music Bonton Sony Music Bonton Bonton Music was a record label in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The name is a pun: "bon ton" means "etiquette" ("good manners") in French (also borrowed into some other languages), but also may be understood as "good sound" and alliterates with Panton, another Czech label. In 1998 the Czech Bonton was merged with Sony Music Czech Republic and continued as Sony Music Bonton, being the second largest Czech label at that time. Sony Music owned 51% of shares, while Bonton Music's parent company, the Bonton Group owned 49% of shares. In Slovakia, the business name was Bonton

neg: Miss Czech Republic was banned by communist regime. Miss Czech Republic sends its winner to Miss Universe and runners up to Miss World. It would also choose representatives to international competitions like Miss International, "Miss Intercontinental, Miss Model of the year, Queen of the World" and "Miss Maja International". Miss Czech Republic began in 1989 under the name "Miss Czechoslovak Socialist Republic". In 1990 the competition was renamed "Miss Czechoslovak Federative Republic". In 1993, when Czechoslovakia split into two countries (the Czech Republic and Slovakia), the competition was renamed "Miss Czech and Slovak Republic". Since 1994 it became Miss České republiky, organized by

neg: FC Vysočina Jihlava FC Vysočina Jihlava FC Vysočina Jihlava is a football club from Jihlava, Czech Republic, which currently plays in the Czech National Football League, after relegated from the Czech First League, the top football competition in the Czech Republic in 2017–18 season. Jihlava played in the top flight for the first time in its history in the 2005–06 season. The club has taken part in the Czech 2. Liga more than 10 times and has also played in the Czech First League. The club was founded under the name PAL Jihlava in 1948. After the Czech Republic became independent in 1993,

neg: 2017–18 Rugby Europe Trophy 2017–18 Rugby Europe Trophy The 2017–18 Rugby Europe Trophy is the second-level rugby union competition below the premier Championship. It is the second Trophy competition under its new format, that will see Czech Republic, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Switzerland compete for the title, and a place in the Championship-Trophy Promotion play-off. This year's competition sees Czech Republic joining the Trophy after winning the Trophy-Conference 1 Promotion play-off against Malta. This year sees no relegated team from the Rugby Championship, after last year's winner Portugal lost the Championship-Trophy Promotion play-off against Belgium. !Pos !Name !Team !Pts !Pos !Name !Team !Tries

neg: Nationality law country). Moreover, people of Czech origin might be granted the right to permanent residence (Czech origin is a reason worth of consideration). In 1995, the Czech Republic amended its Citizenship Law to provide the Interior Ministry with the discretion to waive the usual five-year residency requirement for foreigners that had been resettled in the Czech Republic by 31 December 1994. This amendment was aimed particularly at several hundred ethnic Czechs which had been brought by the Czech government from the Ukrainian region of Volhynia, and was of a limited duration. The amendment was consistent with what the Czech Ministry of

neg: Czech Olympic Committee currently 34 Olympic Summer and 8 Winter Sport Federations in Czech Republic. Czech Olympic Committee The Czech Olympic Committee () is the National Olympic Committee (NOC) representing the Czech Republic. The Czech Olympic Committee is one of the oldest NOCs in the world, having been founded in 1899. It was transformed into the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee in 1919 and reconstituted under its original name in 1992, being formally recognized by the IOC again in 1993. The Czech Olympic Committee has had the following presidents: The Czech National Federations are the organizations that coordinate all aspects of their individual sports. They

neg: Czech Republic–Slovakia football rivalry World Cup; it completed this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RCS). The Czech Republic national football team is recognised by FIFA and UEFA as the successor of the Czechoslovakia team. The Czechoslovakia team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association. The team had two runner-up finishes in World Cups (1934, 1962) and a European Championship win in 1976. Czechoslovakia qualified for the final stages of the 1990 World Cup and shortly afterwards their national coach Jozef Venglos moved to England to become Aston Villa manager. Czech Republic–Slovakia football rivalry The Czech Republic–Slovakia football rivalry is a

neg: Cinema of the Czech Republic We Fall", "Cosy Dens", "Loners", "I Served the King of England" and "Walking Too Fast". Cinema of the Czech Republic Czech cinema is the name for cinematography of Czech Republic, as well as the Czech cinematography while it was a part of other countries. Three Czech/Czechoslovak films that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film were "The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze)" by Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos in 1965, "Closely Watched Trains (Ostře sledované vlaky)" by Jiří Menzel in 1967 and "Kolya (Kolja)" by Jan Svěrák in 1996. Several others were nominated, including The Resignation

neg: Petr Chelčický and the Lord's Supper. He encouraged people to read and interpret the Bible for themselves. Chelčický's work, specifically "The Net of Faith", influenced Leo Tolstoy and is referenced in his book "The Kingdom of God Is Within You". His name appears as Helchitsky in many English translations. Petr Chelčický Petr Chelčický () (c. 1390 – c. 1460) was a Czech Christian spiritual leader and author in the 15th century Bohemia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He was one of the most influential thinkers of the Bohemian Reformation. His published works concentrated on critique of immorality and violence of

neg: European Democratic Party (Czech Republic) European Democratic Party (Czech Republic) The European Democratic Party (, EDS) was a Czech liberal conservative, Pro-European political party founded in November 2008, and chaired by Jana Hybášková. EDS was registered with the Czech Ministry of the Interior in the week prior to 27 November 2008. It was announced to the public at the National Gallery in Prague on 26 November 2008. EDS focusses on the economic development of the Czech Republic, the adoption of the euro and energy security. It is for European integration and adopting European law in Czech legislation. EDS shares a name with the europarty called

neg: Czech koruna Czech koruna The koruna (sign: Kč; code: CZK) is the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993, and in English it is sometimes referred to as Czech crown. The koruna is one of European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future. The official name in Czech is "koruna česká" (plural "koruny české", though the zero-grade genitive plural form "korun českých" is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the

neg: Czech Republic German, lent its name to its beer, eventually known as Budweiser Budvar. Apart from these and other major brands, the Czech Republic also has a growing number of small breweries and mini-breweries. Tourism is slowly growing around the Southern Moravian region too, which has been producing wine since the Middle Ages; about 94% of vineyards in the Czech Republic are Moravian. Aside from slivovitz, Czech beer and wine, the Czechs also produce two unique liquors, Fernet Stock and Becherovka. Kofola is a non-alcoholic domestic cola soft drink which competes with Coca-Cola and Pepsi in popularity. Some popular Czech dishes include:

neg: Oskar Mobil a.s. Oskar Mobil a.s. Oskar Mobil a.s. was a telecommunications company in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2005. The company was purchased by Vodafone in 2005 and changed its name to Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. After an extended and intense tendering process, a third GSM dual-band 900/1800 MHz license was awarded to a consortium led by TIW (operating in the Czech Republic under the name ClearWave, N.V.) in Prague on September 29, 1999. Five months later on March 1, 2000, Oskar went live as Cesky Mobil a.s. The company was the third GSM network in the Czech Republic. Karla Stephens

neg: Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic the Apostolic Exarchate and their terms of service: Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic The Ruthenian (Greek) Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic, also known as the Apostolic Exarchate in the Czech Republic, is an Eastern Catholic institution overseeing Catholics of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. It uses the localized Byzantine Rite in archaic Slavonic language and is based in the Czech Republic. It's cathedral episcopal see is Katedrála sv. Klimenta, located in the Czech national capital, Prague. On March 13, 1996, Pope John Paul II proclaimed a new Apostolic Exarchate (exempt pre-diocese) for Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine

neg: Hyphen War Hyphen War The Hyphen war (, ) was the tongue-in-cheek name given to the conflict over what to call Czechoslovakia after the fall of the Communist government. The official name of the country during the last 30 years of Communist rule was "Czechoslovak Socialist Republic" (in Czech and in Slovak , or "ČSSR"). In December 1989—a month after the Velvet Revolution—President Václav Havel announced that the word "Socialist" would be dropped from the country's official name. Conventional wisdom suggested that it would be known as simply the "Czechoslovak Republic"—its official name from 1920 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1960.

neg: Cornštejn Castle Cornštejn Castle Cornštejn Castle (Czech: "hrad Cornštejn" or "Cornštýn", "Corštejn", "Corštýn", German: "Zornstein") is a castle near Bítov, west of Znojmo, in south-west Moravia, the Czech Republic. Surrounded by magnificent landscape of the Dyje (Thaya) River Valley, Cornštejn Castle stands on a strategic location, not far from an Eneolithic fortified settlement. Though in ruins now, it still shows what a lofty medieval residence and fortress it once was. The Dyje (Thaya) River, now impounded by Vranov Dam, flows around the castle in a big meander. The name of the castle is derived from German "Zorn" (anger) and "Stein" (stone). It

neg: Czech Hockey Games Czech Hockey Games Carlson Hockey Games, previously Kajotbet Hockey Games and Česká Pojišťovna Cup, is an annual ice hockey event held in Czech Republic. It is part of the Euro Hockey Tour. The tournament started in 1994 as the Pragobanka Cup but with the new sponsor Česká pojišťovna it changed its name in 1998. In 2012 the tournament name was changed for two seasons as Kajotbet took over the sponsoring. In the 1997–98 season, the tournament joined the Euro Hockey Tour and the Slovak national team was replaced with the Finnish national team. From its start in 1994 until 2009,

neg: Zmiovka so widely considered serpentine that the cap is most commonly called after a zmije, Czech for a viper, or more specifically a pit viper. The cap is less often referred to as hadovka, from the more general Czech word for “snake”. The zmiovka is said to have originated while what is now the Czech Republic was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was and is generally identified with rural life, and it has been most closely associated with perambulating butchers (especially those that visited farms to butcher hogs on site), innkeepers, fishmongers, and later truck drivers. In the Czech Republic,

neg: Clement Mary Hofbauer saint by the Catholic Church. Due to his extensive service in that city, he is called the Apostle of Vienna, of which he is a co-patron saint. He was born Johannes ("Hansl") Hofbauer on the feast of Saint Stephen (December 26) 1751, in Taßwitz (now Tasovice), in the Znojmo District of the Moravian region of what is now the Czech Republic. He was the ninth of twelve children born to Maria Steer and Paul Hofbauer (originally Pavel Dvořák, who had changed the family name from the Czech "Dvořák" to the German "Hofbauer"). The son of a poor widow, his father

neg: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic as it was spelled from Czechoslovak independence in 1918 until 1920, and again in 1938 and 1939. President Havel then changed his proposal to "Republic of Czecho-Slovakia"—a proposal that did not sit well with Czech politicians who saw reminders of the 1938 Munich Agreement, in which NaziGermany annexed a part of that territory. The name also means "Land of the Czechs and Slovaks" while Latinised from the country's original name"the Czechoslovak Nation"upon independence in 1918, from the Czech endonym "Češi"via its Polish orthography The name "Czech" derives from the Czech endonym "Češi" via Polish, from the archaic Czech "Čechové", originally

neg: Hope Township, New Jersey the Roman Catholic Church in 1415 and was finally burned at the stake for his rebellion. These followers continued to practice his views in Moravia and Bohemia in what is now the Czech Republic, hence the common name "The Moravians". In the late 17th century this group began to be persecuted and sought shelter away from Bohemia. Count Nicolas Ludwig von Zinzendorf offered them refuge on his lands east of Dresden, Germany, and provided a base for them to regroup and pursue their religion. That settlement which remains as the center of the worldwide Moravian religion is called Herrnhut or

neg: Bohemian Flats as "Bohemian Flats" was so named because a high percentage of the population came from eastern Europe; the majority of the families occupying the area were Slovaks, Swedes, Czechs (Bohemians), and Germans. The census of 1900 shows the demographics of the area. Despite the name, the people who lived in Bohemian Flats were mostly Slovaks. A predominantly Bohemian community, from what is now called the Czech Republic, lived in the Upper Levee in St. Paul before moving to the neighborhood around West 7th Street, where the Czech-Slovak Protective Society (CSPS) Hall still stands at the corner of Michigan Street. The

neg: CzechInvest CzechInvest CzechInvest is the Investment and Business Development Agency of the Czech Republic established in 1992 by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The agency contributes to attracting foreign direct investment and developing domestic companies through its services and development programs. CzechInvest also promotes the Czech Republic abroad and acts as an intermediary between the EU and small and medium-sized enterprises in implementing Structural funds in the Czech Republic. CzechInvest's main objective is to advise and support existing and new entrepreneurs and foreign investors in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic under the leadership of CzechInvest has as of 2010

neg: Šumperk Šumperk Šumperk (; ) is a district town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is the centre of the north of Moravia and, due to its location, is known as "The Gate to the Jeseníky mountains." The original German name is a compound of an adjective "schön" (meaning "beautiful") and a noun "berg" (meaning "hill"), later supplemented by a distinguishing adjective "Mährisch" (= Moravian). The Czech name evolved from a direct phonetic transcription of "Schönberg" – "Šenberk" (schön=šen; berg=berk), later "Šumberk" and finally "Šumperk". (There are many place names with similar origins across the Czech Republic, such

neg: Thaddäus Haenke University of Vienna where he studied medicine and botany under Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. While still a student, Haenke made extensive botanical collections from what is now the Czech Republic; wrote a treatise on the botany of the Giant Mountains; edited an edition of Linnaeus' "Genera Plantarum" (published in 1791); and was awarded a silver medal from the Royal Czech Scientific Society. He was also an accomplished musician, a capable illustrator, and spoke five languages. By 1789 Haenke was a prominent young scholar whose name was put forward by Jacquin and Ignaz von Born when Spain was recruiting a scientific

neg: Moravian Library Moravian Library Moravian Library (Czech: "Moravská zemská knihovna") is the second largest library in the Czech Republic. Located in Brno, Czech Republic, it is a universal research library and the regional library of the South Moravian Region. The initial foundations for what would eventually become the Moravian Library began in 1770 with the Library of the Moravian Economic Society. After similar groups came together, this led to the formation of the Moravian- Silesian Society for the Uplift of Tillage, Natural Science and National History and Geography (Czech: Moravskoslezská společnost pro podporu zemědělství, přírodoznalectví a vlastivědu) at the beginning of the

neg: Lower West Side, Chicago Railway to the north, South Ashland Avenue to the east, Interstate 55 to the south, and South Western Avenue to the west. The Pilsen neighborhood is a historically working class, residential neighborhood and gateway for immigrants coming to the City of Chicago. The area was initially settled by Czech immigrants to the United States who named the district after Plzeň, a city in what is now the Czech Republic. According to the results of a 1978 survey which asked residents the name of their neighborhood and its boundaries, the approximate borders for Pilsen neighborhood are West 16th Street to the

neg: Nové Město nad Metují Nové Město nad Metují Nové Město nad Metují (; ) is a town on the river Metuje in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. Its population in January 2007 was 10,049. Nové Město nad Metují is located in the north of the Czech Republic, a few miles from the Polish border, south of the larger town of Náchod. The old town and the castle sit on a spur in a meander of the river, whence the name "New Town on the Metuje". Jan Černčický of Kácov founded the town in 1501. It was destroyed by fire in 1526.

neg: Solar power in the Czech Republic in the Czech Republic would be abandoned. He is known as one of the biggest Temelín opponents in the Czech Republic. Solar power in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic had almost two gigawatts (GW) of photovoltaic capacity at the end of 2010, but installed less than 10 megawatts (MW) in 2011 due to the feed-in tariff being reduced by 25%, after installing almost 1,500 MW the year before. Installations increased to 109 MW in 2012. In 2014, no new installations were reported. In 2003 a Czech-Austrian information and training center for solar power was founded in the village of

neg: European Values Think-Tank not linked to any political party. It is sponsored by various institutions and private donors. All financial data can be viewed on a transparent bank account. European Values Think-Tank European Values Think-Tank (Czech "Think-tank Evropské hodnoty") is a Czech non-governmental organisation founded in 2005. Its incentive is to raise political culture in the Czech Republic as well as on the European level. It defines European Values as personal freedom, human dignity, solidarity, active civil society, market economy, democracy and rule of law. The organization promotes closer ties of the Czech Republic with the geopolitical West and fighting what it considers

neg: Oskar Mobil a.s. victory for senior management. Vodafone continues to perform well in the Czech market. In 2010, the company gained its three millionth customer and competition with T-Mobile and O2 remains as fierce as ever. Oskar Mobil a.s. Oskar Mobil a.s. was a telecommunications company in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2005. The company was purchased by Vodafone in 2005 and changed its name to Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. After an extended and intense tendering process, a third GSM dual-band 900/1800 MHz license was awarded to a consortium led by TIW (operating in the Czech Republic under the name ClearWave, N.V.)