query: who was the first civilization in the world

pos: History of the world History of the world The history of the world, in common parlance, is the history of humanity (or human history), as determined from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, linguistics, and other disciplines; and, for periods since the invention of writing, from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies. Humanity's written history was preceded by its prehistory, beginning with the Palaeolithic Era ("Early Stone Age"), followed by the Neolithic Era ("New Stone Age"). The Neolithic saw the Agricultural Revolution begin, between 8000 and 5000 BCE, in the Near East's Fertile Crescent. During this period, humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and

neg: Civilization III: Play the World Civilization III: Play the World Civilization III: Play the World is the first expansion pack for "Civilization III", released in October 2002. "Play the World" added more civilizations, a new multiplayer feature, new Wonders of the World, new units and new game modes, including: elimination, regicide, and capture the flag. One of the major features of "Play the World" was a "turnless game mode", a new concept never used in the previous versions of the Civilization series. The game mode allowed a sort of mixture between turn based and real time gameplay. Although the concept was good on paper, it

neg: Civilization III: Play the World of five stars. Most issues were worked out in the second expansion "" which led many to regard "Conquests" as the expansion that "Play the World" was supposed to have been. However, the new civilizations were generally well received. Civilization III: Play the World Civilization III: Play the World is the first expansion pack for "Civilization III", released in October 2002. "Play the World" added more civilizations, a new multiplayer feature, new Wonders of the World, new units and new game modes, including: elimination, regicide, and capture the flag. One of the major features of "Play the World" was a

neg: High Civilization World Tour High Civilization World Tour High Civilization World Tour is the tenth concert tour by the Bee Gees in support of their nineteenth studio album "High Civilization". The tour began on May 25, 1991 in Kiel, Germany and ended on July 9, 1991 in Birmingham, England. "High Civilization" was the last album by the Bee Gees recorded for Warner Bros. Records, Warner Music as part of a four-year contract. It was also the first post-RSO Records era album not to feature concert dates in the United States, presumably due to health issues with Barry Gibb and lackluster record sales. The band

neg: Civilization World project had been scrapped (or indeed, never existed in the first place). In August, 2K Games' Community Manager "2K Greg" announced that "Civilization World" was, however, still very much alive. In November 2010, Take-Two's soon-to-be CEO (then the company's Executive Chairman) Strauss Zelnick confirmed once again that "Civilization World" was still in production, with the planned release date set for sometime in 2011. On July 6, 2011 "Civilization World" entered open beta and was made available to the public. On February 28, 2013, it was announced that the last day of play for CivWorld would be May 29, 2013. The

neg: High Civilization World Tour played fourteen successful concerts in Germany and toured other European countries such as France, Switzerland, Netherlands, Ireland and the UK. They also played three dates in Spain for the first time in their career. High Civilization World Tour High Civilization World Tour is the tenth concert tour by the Bee Gees in support of their nineteenth studio album "High Civilization". The tour began on May 25, 1991 in Kiel, Germany and ended on July 9, 1991 in Birmingham, England. "High Civilization" was the last album by the Bee Gees recorded for Warner Bros. Records, Warner Music as part of a

neg: Civilization World game servers crashed about 6 minutes after the announced time. Civilization World Civilization World was a massively multiplayer online Flash game in the "Civilization" game series, developed by Sid Meier and Firaxis Games. It was launched on July 6, 2011 on Facebook with the original name Civilization Network; the game title was officially changed to "Civilization World" on January 6, 2012. On February 28, 2013, it was announced that the game would be discontinued and was shut down on May 29, 2013. "Civilization World" contained many gameplay elements featured in previous "Civilization" installments such as building houses, farming lands, researching

neg: Civilization World Civilization World Civilization World was a massively multiplayer online Flash game in the "Civilization" game series, developed by Sid Meier and Firaxis Games. It was launched on July 6, 2011 on Facebook with the original name Civilization Network; the game title was officially changed to "Civilization World" on January 6, 2012. On February 28, 2013, it was announced that the game would be discontinued and was shut down on May 29, 2013. "Civilization World" contained many gameplay elements featured in previous "Civilization" installments such as building houses, farming lands, researching science, collecting gold and expanding communities over several eras. The

neg: Civilization V a "Wonders of the Ancient World Scenario Pack" was released adding three new ancient wonders – The Temple of Artemis, The Statue of Zeus, and The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus – as well as a scenario based around the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This was the first time that new wonders were added as DLC. Additionally, several downloadable map packs were offered as a pre-order bonus from various retailers: Steam, "Cradle of Civilization: Mesopotamia"; Amazon.com, "Cradle of Civilization: Asia"; Gamestop and Play.com, "Cradle of Civilization: The Mediterranean"; and "Cradle of Civilization: The Americas." All four maps were later made

neg: Rhye's and Fall of Civilization (after "Fall from Heaven 2") by number of downloads on Civilization Fanatics Center, a large "Civilization" fan website. "Rhye's and Fall of Civilization" built upon Gabriele Trovato's earlier mods for Civilization II and Civilization III, especially "Rhye's of Civilization" which also sought greater historical accuracy. The popularity of these prompted "Civilization IV" developers Firaxis to invite him to contribute content for inclusion in the game upon its release. The result was two maps ("Earth" and "Ice Age Earth") and two historical scenarios ("Earth 1000 AD" and "Greek World"). The first alpha version of "Rhye's and Fall of Civilization", then called

neg: Centre Party (Sweden, 1924) Centre Party (Sweden, 1924) The Centre Party (), initially called Civilization Party ("Civilisationspartiet"), was a political party in Örebro, Sweden. The party was founded in 1924 by Dr. Nils August Nilsson. Dr. Nilsson frequently used the slogan "First class humans in a first class society", arguing in favour of "social gynecology". A long-time peace advocate connected to the International Peace Bureau, Dr. Nilsson promoted world language (Ido) and world culture. The Civilization Party contested the 1924 parliamentary election and the 1926 municipal election with ballots carrying the title 'Workers Party/Social Democrats' and the subtitle 'Civilization Party'. These ballots carried Dr.

neg: The Heirs of Columbus the novel is that the Mayans were the first civilization in the world, and that they had taken their civilization to Europe during the time of Antiquity. Columbus was a descendant of the Mayans through his secret Sephardic Jewish ancestry, and his ancestral memories called him to return to the ancestral homelands in America. During his first landing in the Americas, he was visited by a Native American healer named Samana, who took him to bed and became pregnant by him. The heirs of the title are the present-day (1990s) descendants of Samana and Columbus. The plot of the novel

neg: Secret of Mana two-dimensional view of the overworld. The story takes place in a high fantasy world, which contains an ethereal energy source named "mana". An ancient, technologically advanced civilization exploited mana to construct the "Mana Fortress", a flying warship. This angered the world's gods, who sent giant beasts to war with the civilization. The conflict was globally destructive and nearly exhausted all signs of mana in the world, until a hero used the power of the Mana Sword to destroy the fortress and the civilization. The world began to recover in peace. As the game opens, an empire seeks eight Mana Seeds,

neg: Civilization II mimicked the regime found in the novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four", with three superpowers all engaged in perpetual multiple-front total warfare. Civilization II Sid Meier's Civilization II is a turn-based strategy video game in the "Civilization" series, developed and published by MicroProse. It was released in 1996 for the PC and later ported to the PlayStation by Activision. "Civilization II" is similar to the first "Civilization", with some changes to the various units, civilizations, world wonders, tile "specials" and technologies. The graphics were changed from a top-down view to an isometric representation. Rivers no longer occupy the whole of each tile along

neg: Civilization II Civilization II Sid Meier's Civilization II is a turn-based strategy video game in the "Civilization" series, developed and published by MicroProse. It was released in 1996 for the PC and later ported to the PlayStation by Activision. "Civilization II" is similar to the first "Civilization", with some changes to the various units, civilizations, world wonders, tile "specials" and technologies. The graphics were changed from a top-down view to an isometric representation. Rivers no longer occupy the whole of each tile along their length; instead, they are part of each topography square through which they flow, adding productive value, defensive bonuses

neg: Civilization III: Play the World never actually worked very well and many online players experienced Out of sync issues along with others. Little support from Firaxis and the sundry other issues resulted in the gamemode not returning in "Civilization IV". "Play the World" can also be found on "Civilization III: Gold" which includes the original "Civilization III" and "Play the World". "Civilization III: Play the World" is also found on the "" expansion. "Play the World" was generally poorly received. The main feature, its online multiplayer, was extremely buggy and slow. "Computer Gaming World" labeled the game as a "train wreck", giving it one out

neg: History of the world food production. The development of agriculture permitted the creation of the first cities. These were centres of trade, manufacturing and political power. Cities established a symbiosis with their surrounding countrysides, absorbing agricultural products and providing, in return, manufactured goods and varying degrees of military control and protection. The development of cities was synonymous with the rise of civilization. Early civilizations arose first in Lower Mesopotamia (3000 BCE), followed by Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3000 BCE), the Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley (in present-day India and Pakistan; 2500 BCE), and Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze

neg: Akilam one and also Adiyeduttharulal (the act of giving the first verse of Akilam, by God to the author). This is the part in which Akilam narrates briefly the benefits of it in a religious way. It says that one who hears its reading will attain Ultimate Completeness, and one who abuses it will be sentenced to Hell. According to Akilam, Santror took birth in this world before the Kali Yukam in Detchanam, and so this Detchanam is the Land of the earliest civilization of Human Beings. In this part, the novelty, sociology, and theology of the civilization were deeply narrated. This

neg: History of the Americas late Archaic, on the north-central coastal region of Peru, a complex civilization arose which has been termed the Norte Chico civilization, also known as Caral-Supe. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the five sites where civilization originated independently and indigenously in the ancient world, flourishing between the 30th and 18th centuries BC. It pre-dated the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization by nearly two millennia. It was contemporaneous with the Egypt following the unification of its kingdom under Narmer and the emergence of the first Egyptian hieroglyphics. Monumental architecture, including earthwork platform mounds and sunken plazas have

neg: Student Volunteer Movement non-Western countries were beginning to doubt whether anything of value could be derived from a civilization capable of producing the horrors of World War I. Rising nationalism abroad brought distrust of the motives and methods of foreign missionaries. These broad changes led to a distinct shift in Protestant mission theory. At first evangelization of the world had meant exportation of a Christian Western civilization. Now that Western civilization was questioned and viewed as itself un-Christian, there was increased appreciation for non-Western cultures and a conviction that Western missionary activity should find its role in support, not control, of the emerging

neg: Civilization V: Brave New World full potential." The review went on to praise the new mechanics such as tourism and ideologies for removing the late-game tedium and allowing for more complex and flexible strategies. The Game Scouts gave Brave New World a 9/10, saying "Brave New World shows me that Sid Meier and the development teams responsible for the Civilization franchise aren't resting on their laurels." Civilization V: Brave New World Sid Meier's Civilization V: Brave New World is the second official expansion pack for the turn-based strategy video game "Civilization V". It was released on July 9, 2013 in North America, and on July

neg: Civilization VI: Gathering Storm units gain attributes when alliances are made; the Maori, who uniquely start off on sea; Canada, which has unique units and abilities within cold climate tiles; and the Inca, who gain unique benefits in relation to mountains. Civilization VI: Gathering Storm Sid Meier's Civilization VI: Gathering Storm is the second official expansion pack for the turn-based strategy video game "Civilization VI". It is scheduled for release on February 14, 2019. The expansion will add new features, civilizations, leaders and wonders. The focus of the "Gathering Storm" expansion is improving the game world. The expansion introduces natural disasters in the form

neg: Civilization: Beyond Earth are very familiar themes to the Civ player." There are a number of significant changes from the "Civilization" model. In previous "Civilization" titles, players selected from historical empires led by historical figures, each with preset personalities. In "Beyond Earth", players make choices at the beginning of the game, including what sponsors backed their expedition, what kind of spacecraft they used to reach the planet, and who and what they brought to the new world, allowing players to create a customized civilization of their own. Early decisions have a significant effect on the gameplay. While previous "Civilization" titles have had linear

neg: Civilization III United States by the latter date. "Civilization III" received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. The editors of "PC Gamer US" awarded "Civilization III" their 2001 "Best Turn-Based Strategy Game" prize, and wrote that it "manages to recapture all that was great about its predecessors and color them with a few great new strokes—"without" pantsing up what was so great about them in the first place." "Civilization III" was a nominee for "Computer Gaming World"s 2001 "Best Strategy Game" award, which ultimately

neg: Gotthard Günther Warren Sturgis McCulloch, Heinz von Foerster, Humberto Maturana and others. In 1962, he published "Cybernetic ontology and transjunctional operations". Later he lectured at the University of Hamburg until he died in that city, in 1984. According to Isaac Asimov, who considered Gunther "a good friend," Gunther "felt that civilization was a product of the Old World and could not flourish indigenously in the New." Asimov noted that Gunther thus "maintained [that] when Old World civilization was transplanted to the New World, a distortion was introduced and one of the ways in which this distortion was evidenced was by the peculiar

neg: Civilization (film) entry into World War I, the film was pulled from distribution. Film director Yasujirō Ozu claimed that he first decided to become a film director when watching "Civilization". Among critics, the reaction was mixed. In La Crosse, Wisconsin, a newspaper reviewer called it a "masterpiece" and the "Biggest Spectacle in History of Motion Pictures," surpassing even D.W. Griffith's "Birth of a Nation": The photoplay and the spoken drama will be united for the first time in ... the million dollar masterpiece of Thomas H. Ince ... 'Civilization' is an encyclopedia of the emotions. It is inevitable to compare such a

neg: Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword Heaven II", was created by the fan-team who were involved in developing the scenario "Age of Ice". It is set in a dark fantasy world directly after the scenario, at the end of an ice age and the rebirth of civilization. "FfH" rebalances the game to emphasize warfare with small, enduring groups instead of human waves; adds a magic system with caster units and "mana" resources; and changes religions and civilizations from being mostly interchangeable to "wholly different experiences." A full-length review in "Pelit" magazine awarded "FfH" 92% describing the mod as "a clump of clichés at first sight" that

neg: Civilization V: Gods & Kings Civilization V: Gods & Kings Sid Meier's Civilization V: Gods & Kings is the first official expansion pack for the turn-based strategy video game "Civilization V". It was released on June 19, 2012 in North America, and on June 22, 2012 in the rest of the world. It adds both religion and espionage mechanics to the game as well as reworking the combat and diplomacy features. It is available either in disc form or as download content via Steam. "Gods & Kings" includes 27 new units, 13 new buildings, nine new wonders, two new eras, and nine new playable civilizations.

neg: Italophilia Italophilia Italophilia is the admiration, appreciation or emulation of Italy, its people, its ideals, its civilization or its culture. Its opposite is Italophobia. The extent to which Italian civilization has shaped Western civilization and, by extension, the civilization of the whole world, is widely recognized and acknowledged. Appreciation of the legacy of Italic ideals, civilization and culture has existed for many centuries, into the present day. Rome was the center of an empire that stretched across a large segment of the then-known world, and later became the center of the Roman Catholic faith. Roman civilization was transplanted to many parts

neg: First World the Italian PM Matteo Renzi stated, "We are the ones who can bring civilization to globalization". With the "Brexit" (British Exit) of the EU in 2016, the fundamental economic and motivational powerhouse of globalization in Europe was placed, once again, in the hands of Germany. Just as the concept of the First World came about as a result of World War II, so did the European Union. In 1951 the beginnings of the EU were founded with the creation of European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). From the beginning of its inception, countries in the EU were judged by many

neg: History of Crete the Black Death, many Cretans migrated overseas during difficult periods on the island, some acquiring great fortune abroad, such as Constantine Corniaktos (c. 1517–1603) who became one of the richest people in Eastern Europe. History of Crete The History of Crete goes back to the 7th millennium BC, preceding the ancient Minoan civilization by more than four millennia. The Minoan civilization was the first civilization in Europe and the first, in Europe, to build a palace. After the Minoan civilization was devastated by the Thera eruption, Crete developed an Ancient Greece-influenced organization of city states, then successively became part of

neg: Hassan Khoga To find a new Schliemann to prove to the world the fact that there turn first to the founder of the oldest civilization in history and note intellectually prominent symbol of the unity of people, flooring there culture and nation prosperity? This is what should be of major historical tasks for future generations. Civilization and raised Nubia embodied in Abu Simbel Temple. When we talk about the country's unique historical and geographical shift their properties to be for us to talk about touching the temple of Abu Simbel, who saved from drowning under the high waters of the Nile by

neg: Music in the Civilization video game series game's original score was written and orchestrated primarily by Geoff Knorr, who was assisted by Roland Rizzo and Phill Boucher. The themes of each civilization are played as different variations of the same song throughout the eras. In every playable civilization, simple single instrument melodies in the Ancient era turn into orchestra versions of the same melodies in later eras, symbolizing the evolution and growth of one's civilization throughout the ages. The score was nominated for 2016 Music of the Year by the Game Audio Network Guild. The first "Civilization VI" expansion, "", contains the following original music: Music in

neg: Civilization III: Conquests game, these scenarios took much less time to play, and focused on a specific period in history. Generally the reception of this expansion pack was much better than that of "Play the World". One year after "Conquests" was launched, the latest "Civilization III" stand-alone version, "Civilization III: Complete" was also released. This version included "Civilization III", "Play the World" and "Conquests". This version also includes several patches. Two years later, in 2005 "Civilization IV" was released. The Conquests are official scenarios, nine of which are included in this expansion, Mesopotamia, the Rise of Rome, the Fall of Rome, the Middle

neg: Civilization IV game world, controlling over two-thirds of the game world's land and population, building the first spaceship in the Space Age and sending it to Alpha Centauri, having the most dominant Culture ratings over other civilizations, or becoming "World Leader" through the United Nations votes. Additionally, there are multiple game scores for each civilization throughout the game based on the actions of each civilization and a number of different factors, allowing for a win condition based on the total of these points if the game timer runs out. The game can be played in multiple modes: as a single player facing

neg: Names of the Greeks become the teachers of the rest of the world; and she has brought it about that the name Hellenes suggests no longer a race but an intelligence, and that the title Hellenes is applied rather to those who share our culture than to those who share a common blood". With a small reformation, the Hellenistic civilization is the evolution of classical Greek civilization into a civilization with global proportions, this time open to everybody. Similarly, "Hellene" evolved from a national name signifying an ethnic Greek to a cultural term signifying anybody who conducted his life according to Greek mores. A

neg: Centre Party (Sweden, 1924) permission to take over the name. Centre Party (Sweden, 1924) The Centre Party (), initially called Civilization Party ("Civilisationspartiet"), was a political party in Örebro, Sweden. The party was founded in 1924 by Dr. Nils August Nilsson. Dr. Nilsson frequently used the slogan "First class humans in a first class society", arguing in favour of "social gynecology". A long-time peace advocate connected to the International Peace Bureau, Dr. Nilsson promoted world language (Ido) and world culture. The Civilization Party contested the 1924 parliamentary election and the 1926 municipal election with ballots carrying the title 'Workers Party/Social Democrats' and the subtitle

neg: Hidden World (novel) Hidden World (novel) Hidden World is a satiric science fiction novel by American writer Stanton A. Coblentz. It was originally published as a magazine serial in "Wonder Stories" (Mar, Apr, May 1935) as In Caverns Below. It was first published in book form in 1957 by Avalon Books. Underlying the Basin and Range province of North America, giant caverns, some many miles in diameter, form a network that is occupied by people who have evolved the adaptations (such as pale skin) for living underground. Completely isolated from the upper world, the people have created a civilization that is technologically more

neg: Civilization V: Brave New World Civilization V: Brave New World Sid Meier's Civilization V: Brave New World is the second official expansion pack for the turn-based strategy video game "Civilization V". It was released on July 9, 2013 in North America, and on July 12, 2013 in the rest of the world. The expansion adds nine Civilizations, eight Wonders (the Parthenon, Broadway, Globe Theatre, Borobudur, the Uffizi, the Red Fort, Prora and the International Space Station), eight buildings, twenty units such as the Winged Hussars and Zulu Impi, two scenarios (American Civil War and Scramble for Africa), a new Trade Route system using Caravans and

neg: Civilization (series) "Excession" novel - the appearance of invaders or travelers who are so advanced that they are totally outside the society's frame of reference. In an interview, Banks specifically compares this to having a "Civilization" battleship arrive while the player is still using wooden sailing ships. One of the two viewpoint characters in his novel "Complicity" plays "Civilization" compulsively. Civilization (series) Civilization is a series of turn-based strategy video games, first released in 1991. Sid Meier developed the first game in the series and has had creative input for most of the rest, and his name is usually included in the

neg: Civilization (novel) Civilization (novel) Civilization, and Its Part in My Downfall is a novel by Canadian writer Paul Quarrington, published in 1994 by Random House Canada. Set during the early days of the film industry in Hollywood, the novel centres on Thom Moss, a onetime silent film star who is now in prison and is writing his personal account of his rise and fall. Characters who play a role in his story include J.D.D. Jensen, a Western fiction author who first introduces him to the film industry; Caspar Willison, a D. W. Griffith-like film director who first makes Moss a star but

neg: Ecological civilization bringing together roughly 2,000 participants from around the world and featuring such leaders in the environmental movement as Bill McKibben, Vandana Shiva, John B. Cobb, Jr., Wes Jackson, and Sheri Liao. Since 2015, the Chinese discussion of ecological civilization is increasingly associated with an “organic” form of Marxism. “Organic Marxism” was first used by Philip Clayton and Justin Heinzekehr in their 2014 book, "Organic Marxism: An Alternative to Capitalism and Ecological Catastrophe". The book, which was translated into Chinese and published by the People’s Press in 2015, describes ecological civilization as an orienting goal for the global ecological movement. A

neg: T. Walter Wallbank T. Walter Wallbank Thomas Walter Wallbank (July 27, 1901 - May 16, 1992) was an American historian and one of the original authors of the best-selling textbook "Civilization Past & Present". Wallbank taught history at the University of Southern California from 1933 to 1964. He collaborated with Alastair M. Taylor to write "Civilization Past & Present". "Civilization" (1942), was the first world-history textbook published in the United States to enjoy great success in sales. Other authors eventually joined the writing team for later editions. Wallbank's areas of specialization were South Asia and Africa and he received the Watumull Prize of

neg: Italophilia (director of the "Assemblea legislativa della Liguria") has conjectured that there are nearly 250 million Italophiles in the world. Italophilia Italophilia is the admiration, appreciation or emulation of Italy, its people, its ideals, its civilization or its culture. Its opposite is Italophobia. The extent to which Italian civilization has shaped Western civilization and, by extension, the civilization of the whole world, is widely recognized and acknowledged. Appreciation of the legacy of Italic ideals, civilization and culture has existed for many centuries, into the present day. Rome was the center of an empire that stretched across a large segment of the

neg: The Birthgrave demise. She continues to the cities of the White Desert and becomes the goddess of a decadent civilization fighting for the deceitful sorcerer-conqueror Vazkor, who uses the narrator as his instrument of power. However, thanks to Vazkor, the narrator learns about her people, a long-lost omnipotent civilization of Old Ones who once ruled the world as cruel, arbitrary gods. In the end, she also kills Vazkor. Leaving the cities, she is enslaved by a tribal krarl, gives birth to Vazkor's son, wanders onward, battles a dragon, and encounters a spaceship from a distant advanced civilization. The spaceship computer reveals the

neg: History of the world Texts", the oldest of which date to between 2400 and 2300 BCE. The Bronze Age is part of the three-age system (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age) that for some parts of the world describes effectively the early history of civilization. During this era the most fertile areas of the world saw city-states and the first civilizations develop. These were concentrated in fertile river valleys: the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the Nile in Egypt, the Indus in the Indian subcontinent, and the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China. Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, is the first known complex civilization, developing

neg: History of Iran (Persepolis). It was the largest empire yet seen and the first world empire. The First Persian Empire was the only civilization in all of history to connect over 40% of the global population, accounting for approximately 49.4 million of the world's 112.4 million people in around 480 BC. They were succeeded by the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empires, who successively governed Iran for almost 1,000 years and made Iran once again as a leading power in the world. Persia's arch-rival was the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire. The Persian Empire proper begins in the Iron Age, following

neg: Crypt of Civilization newspapers. The crypt was featured in an episode of "Life After People: The Series" on the History Channel. Crypt of Civilization The Crypt of Civilization is a sealed airtight chamber built between 1937 and 1940 at Oglethorpe University in Brookhaven, Georgia, in Metro Atlanta. The room contains numerous artifacts and documents, and is designed for opening in the year 8113 AD. During the 50th anniversary year of its sealing, the "Guinness Book of World Records" cited the crypt as the "first successful attempt to bury a record of this culture for any future inhabitants or visitors to the planet Earth."

neg: Andrew Targowski is composed of the Population Bomb, Ecological Bomb, and Resources Bomb (book 2009:404). The symptoms of this Triangle are seen today, but they will be more visible about 2050, when population will reach 9–10 billion. To save civilization, we should grow 3% in the whole 3rd millennium, while the practical growth at the world level reaches 1–3% per year. In order to save our civilization he thinks that one must develop a Wise Civilization. The first condition of the design of the architecture of a Wise Civilization is civilians undertaking to introduce the second level of complementary "religion"-spirituality, which can

neg: Opus Dei in society world, in the academic world, in the world of work, in the world of economics, etc." There are also modern historians, many of whom are non-Catholics, who are now stating that the Catholic Church supports reason and progress, putting it "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call Western civilization," in the words of Paul Legutko of Stanford University in his review of Thomas Woods' book "How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization", Woods refers to both non-Catholic and Catholic historians of science: J.L. Heilbron, Alistair Cameron Crombie, David

neg: Gamma World Gamma World Gamma World is a science fantasy role-playing game, originally designed by James M. Ward and Gary Jaquet, and first published by TSR in 1978. It borrowed heavily from Ward's earlier product, "Metamorphosis Alpha". "Gamma World" takes place in the mid-25th century, more than a century after a second nuclear war had destroyed human civilization. The war that destroyed civilization in "Gamma World" is only vaguely described in most editions of the game, and what details are provided change from version to version: All editions, however, agree that the cataclysm destroyed all government and society beyond a village scale,

neg: Joel Barlow of Gallipolis, Ohio, the second oldest European-American city founded in the new Northwest Territory. In Paris, Barlow became a liberal in religion and an advanced republican in politics. He believed that "American civilization was world civilization", and was enthusiastic about the cause of world republicanism. He became involved with the French Revolution, going so far as to be elected to the French Assembly, and being granted French citizenship in 1792. Although he dedicated his "Vision of Columbus" to Louis XVI, he joined royal opponents in calling for the execution of the king. Barlow helped Thomas Paine publish the first part

neg: Crypt of Civilization Crypt of Civilization The Crypt of Civilization is a sealed airtight chamber built between 1937 and 1940 at Oglethorpe University in Brookhaven, Georgia, in Metro Atlanta. The room contains numerous artifacts and documents, and is designed for opening in the year 8113 AD. During the 50th anniversary year of its sealing, the "Guinness Book of World Records" cited the crypt as the "first successful attempt to bury a record of this culture for any future inhabitants or visitors to the planet Earth." Thornwell Jacobs (1877–1956), referred to as "the father of the modern time capsule", claimed to be the first

neg: World history ongoing objective of "Civilization Past & Present" "was to present a survey of world cultural history, treating the development and growth of civilization not as a unique European experience but as a global one through which all the great culture systems have interacted to produce the present-day world. It attempted to include all the elements of history – social, economic, political, religious, aesthetic, legal, and technological." In college curricula of the United States, world history became a popular replacement for courses on Western Civilization. Professors Patrick Manning, previously of Northeastern University and now at the University of Pittsburgh's World History

neg: History of the Middle East the first known author in world history, also helped cement Sargon's position in the region. Soon after the Sumerian civilization began, the Nile valley of Lower and Upper Egypt was unified under the Pharaohs approximately around 3150 BC. Since then, Ancient Egypt experienced 3 high points of civilization, the so-called "Kingdom" periods: The history of Ancient Egypt is concluded by the Late Period (664–332 BC), immediately followed by the history of Egypt in Classical Antiquity, beginning with Ptolemaic Egypt. Thereafter, civilization quickly spread through the Fertile Crescent to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea and throughout the Levant, as

neg: History of South America History of South America The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. South America has a history that has a wide range of human cultures and forms of civilization. The Norte Chico civilization in Peru is the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the first six independent civilizations in the world; it was contemporaneous with the Egyptian pyramids. It predated the Mesoamerican Olmec by nearly two millennia. While millennia of independent development were interrupted by

neg: Civilization VI: Rise and Fall has, and that is one of conquering other peoples and accessing their land. That is totally not in concert with our traditional ways and world view." Tootoosis did comment favorably that the promotional material that suggests Poundmaker attempted to bridge peace between the First Nations and settlers, putting the leader in a good light. In a Reddit post on October 4, 2018, Aspyr confirmed that the expansion is coming to iOS . The game was well-received by critics with a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 on Metacritic. Civilization VI: Rise and Fall Sid Meier's Civilization VI: Rise

neg: Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization is a 2017 Serbian documentary film about Serbia's UNESCO heritage in Kosovo. Directed and produced by Serbian Canadian filmmaker Boris Malagurski, the film was released on September 15, 2017 in Paris, France. The film is Malagurski's second documentary film made about Kosovo, the first was 2009 film "" The film starts off with the host, Stefan Popović, presenting the Gračanica Monastery, its history and significance for not only Serbs who built it, but civilization as a whole. Popović talks about his childhood and how he used to often visit the

neg: Civilization II global sales of "Civilization II" had surpassed 720,000 copies. It finished 20th on PC Data's monthly chart for March, and was the United States' 17th-highest-selling computer game of the year's first half. The game had topped its predecessor's 850,000 sales that August, and continued to sell "over 20,000 units a month" by November, according to Microprose. "Civilization II" reached 1.2 million units sold by April 1998; Terry Coleman of "Computer Gaming World" wrote that sales were "still going strong" at that time. In the United Kingdom alone, the game sold 160,000 units by 1999. It also received a "Gold" award

neg: World Heritage sites of Sri Lanka a stunning insight into the ingenuity and creativity of its builders. The upper palace on the top of the rock includes cisterns cut into the rock that still retain water. The moats and walls that surround the lower palace are still exquisitely beautiful." Anuradhapura, (අනුරාධපුර in Sinhala), is the first ancient capital of Sri Lanka which lasted for the longest period as the capital in the country.It is important to locals for religion, history, and the culture and world-famous for its well preserved ruins of the Great Sri Lankan Civilization. The Civilization which was built upon this city was one

neg: Yellow River civilization Yellow River civilization Yellow River civilization or Huang civilization, Hwan‐huou civilization is an ancient Chinese civilization that prospered in a middle and lower basin of the Yellow River. Agriculture was started in the flood plain of the Yellow River, and before long, through flood control and the irrigation of the Yellow River, cities were developed and political power found reinforcement. One of the "four major civilizations of the ancient world", it is often included in textbooks of East Asian history, but the idea of including only the Huang civilization as one of the four biggest ancient civilizations has become outdated

neg: History of Malta and was replaced by Tonio Borg as Maltese commissioner in 2012. A snap election was called for March 2013 after the Gonzi government lost the Parliamentary majority. Joseph Muscat was elected as Prime Minister. General: History of Malta Malta has a long history and was first inhabited in around 5900 BC. The first inhabitants were farmers, and their agricultural methods degraded the soil until the islands became uninhabitable. The islands were repopulated in around 3850 BC by a civilization which at its peak built the Megalithic Temples, which today are among the oldest surviving buildings in the world. Their civilization

neg: Mihail Sadoveanu stand against nomadic Tatars. In reference to the stories in this series, Călinescu stresses that Sadoveanu's main interest is in depicting men and women cut away from civilization, who view the elements of Westernization with nothing more than "wonderment": "Sadoveanu's literature is the highest expression of the savage instinct." In later works, the critic believed, Sadoveanu moved away from depicting isolation as the escape of primitives into their manageable world, but as "the refinement of souls whom civilization has upset." These views are echoed by Ovid Crohmălniceanu, who believes that, unlike other Romanian Realists, Sadoveanu was able to show a

neg: Marilyn French first non-fiction works, "Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals" (1985), is a historical examination of the effects of patriarchy on the world. French took issue with the expectations of married women in the post-World War II era and became a leading, if controversial, opinion maker on gender issues who decried the patriarchal society she saw around her. "My goal in life is to change the entire social and economic structure of Western civilization, to make it a feminist world," she once declared. French's first and best-known novel, "The Women's Room" (1977), follows the lives of Mira and her friends

neg: History of the world social rise of Europe. The Renaissance also engendered a culture of inquisitiveness which ultimately led to Humanism and the Scientific Revolution. Although it saw social and political upheaval and revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, the Renaissance is perhaps known best for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man." During this period, European powers came to dominate most of the world. Although the most developed regions of European classical civilization were more urbanized than any other region of the world, European civilization had undergone a lengthy period

neg: Nortom the best economists in prewar Poland, (another ally of Roman Dmowski); Czesław Czaplicki; Andrzej Sołdrowski, political prisoner under Stalinism; Lubomir Czupkiewicz; Piotr Kosobudzki; Maciej Giertych, a member of the European Parliament who created a scandal with his antisemitic writing; Stanisław Jastrzębski, veteran Polish underground fighter during World War II; controversial politologist Edward Prus; Stanisław Żurek; Norbert Tomczyk; Stanisław Sosenkiewicz; Henryk Komański; Szczepan Siekierka; Witalij Masłowśkyj; Aleksander Korman; Mieczysław Dobrzański; Feliks Koneczny, a Polish historian and social philosopher who claimed that Jews were conspiring to destroy Latin-Christian civilization and that Nazism was example of Jewish civilization type; Michał Poradowski; Stanisław Bełza;

neg: Civilization IV enemy city improvements, or explore the game world. Non-military units include settlers who are used to found cities, workers who are used to improve space and gather resources, spies who can perform counterintelligence and espionage, and religious missionaries who can be sent to convert different civilizations and cities. Throughout the game, players may also generate a special unit called a "Great Person". These are named after historical figures and can be used for one-time advantage boosts over other civilizations in various ways; examples include Great Engineers who increase overall production levels and Great Scientists who improve current civilization technology. Assigning

neg: Bilal Philips Bilal Philips Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, (born Dennis Bradley Philips, 1946) is a Canadian Muslim teacher, speaker, and author who lives in Qatar. He appears on Peace TV, which is a 24-hour Islamic satellite TV channel. He considers himself a Salafi who advocates a traditional, literal form of Islam. J.M. Berger, describes him as an example of a preacher and opinion leader of the Muslim world "who clearly believes and preaches in often stirring terms that Western civilization exists in sharp conflict with Islamic civilization, but who ... stops short of openly endorsing violence." Because of what his critics call

neg: Civilization World had to complete a series of objectives and achieve medals. Ranking was relative to all other players within the nation, meaning each player within a nation competed against each other to become king. According to an early (October 2009) announcement from Sid Meier, "Civilization World" was intended to offer "everything you enjoy in "Civ" in a fully persistent environment — you can play as much as you like, whenever you like, and it'll be free to play." From May to September 2010, the official 2K Games team offered no updates regarding "Civilization World", causing many followers to believe the entire

neg: Daniel Quinn seven short tales; Quinn first explores the idea of animism as the original worldwide religion and as his own dogma-free belief system in "The Story of B" and his autobiography, "". In February 2018, Quinn died of aspiration pneumonia in hospice care. Daniel Quinn was largely a fiction writer who discussed the cultural bias, mythology, and world-view driving modern civilization and the destruction of the natural world. He sought to recognize and criticize some of civilization's most unchallenged "myths" or "memes" which he considered to include the following: that the Earth was made especially for humans, and so humans are

neg: Iraqi nationalism has emphasized Iraq's cultural heritage to ancient Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria, states that are considered the cradle of civilization that spread civilization to other parts of the world. The Babylonian ruler Nebuchadnezzar II and Kurdish Muslim leader(sudam) Saladin during the Crusades are two important historical figures of Iraq and iconic figures in Iraqi nationalism. The concept of contemporary Iraqi national identity first arose in the 1920s at the same period as pan-Arabism was growing. By the 1930s advocacy of the concept of an Iraqi territorial identity arose amongst the Iraqi intellectual field and Iraqi identity grew in importance after World

neg: Oberlin Band (China) prominent for its reformist social agenda and Christian fervor. Oberlin was the first American college to regularly admit African-American students. Its abolitionist activism led one historian to call Oberlin the "town that started the Civil War." After the Civil War, Oberlin turned much of its attention to the spread of the Christian gospel of salvation around the world. "Let us arise..." said one theologian, "to grapple...with the stupendous work of supplanting the...empire of Satan". Christianity and civilization were believed to be synonymous by many in the Christian world. "We contend that a true Civilization cannot exist apart from Christianity," said

neg: André Kim Angkor Wat temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in Siem, Reap, Cambodia. The show was titled “Fashion Fantasia: Angkor Watt” and was the first fashion show held with the ancient temple as a backdrop. This fashion show was part of the Angkor-Gyeongju World Culture Expo 2006 that kicked off in November 2006 and ran through Jan. 9, 2007. The 50-day event was titled “Ancient Future: The Myths of the Orient” and featured exhibitions on the Khmer civilization and the Silla culture “to provide an insight into the culture of Korea and Cambodia.”; special guest models were actress Kim Hee-sun, who

neg: October the First Is Too Late period of collapse after one of the crises. The present civilization, aware of this history, no longer want progress. Dick and John have to decide soon whether to go back to the England of 1966 or stay in this non-progressing world; they are aware that the present phase, in which parts of the world are in various times, will end, and to stay will mean living permanently in this future world. Dick decides to stay, and John returns. The story concludes as Dick, two years later, considers his new life as a composer in this new civilization. After meeting some

neg: History of Xinjiang Uyghurs were always natives of Xinjiang, claiming that the Tocharian Tarim mummies were Uyghurs, claiming Uyghurs invented gunpowder, paper, compass, printing, and that Uyghur civilization is 6,000 years old and is the origin of all world civilization. The claims of these "Uyghur nationalist historians", which the majority of Uyghurs believe in, are not backed up by actual evidence. The belief that they were native to the Tarim Basin is held by most Uyghurs. Qurban Wäli is another ultra-nationalist Uyghur who engaged in historical revisionism and claimed Uyghur civilization is 6,000 years old and native to Xinjiang. The Chinese government pointed

neg: A Deepness in the Sky the stars. Two human groups launch expeditions to the Spider world: the Qeng Ho (pronounced "Chung Ho" and named after the explorer Zheng He), traders who have developed a common interstellar culture for humanity; and the Emergents, a civilization that literally enslaves selected human minds and has only recently re-emerged from a Dark Age. The Qeng Ho arrive at the OnOff star shortly before the Emergent fleet, a few years before the sun turns on, at which point the Spider civilization will "wake up" and continue its climb into a technological civilization. A reception held by the Emergents doubles as

neg: Denis Twitchett that time the history has become better understood and in 1999 a companion volume "The Cambridge History of Ancient China, From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC" edited by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy was published. Twitchett was the expert who helped create the China maps for "The Times Atlas of World History" (first published in 1979). Denis Twitchett Denis Crispin Twitchett (23 September 192524 February 2006) was a British Sinologist and scholar who specialized in Chinese history, and is well known as one of the co-editors of "The Cambridge History of China". Denis Twitchett was born on

neg: Ancient history Middle East. The 30th century BC, referred to as the Early Bronze Age II, saw the beginning of the literate period in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Around the 27th century BC, the Old Kingdom of Egypt and the First Dynasty of Uruk are founded, according to the earliest reliable regnal eras. The Bronze Age forms part of the three-age system. It follows the Neolithic Age in some areas of the world. In most areas of civilization Bronze smelting became a foundation for more advanced societies. There was some contrast with New World Societies who often still preferred stone to metal

neg: Political positions of Fred Thompson the other way around." Thompson believed that terrorists started a war against Western civilization and that this war will not end until the terrorists are defeated: The Western world is in an international struggle with jihadists who see this struggle as part of a conflict that has gone on for centuries, and who won't give up until Western countries are brought to their knees. ... I believe that the forces of civilization must work together with common purpose to defeat the terrorists who for their own twisted purposes have murdered thousands, and who are trying to acquire technology to murder

neg: Steve King odious and preposterous. Panel member April Ryan described them as "in-my-face racism". That evening, King was asked about his comments during an interview with ABC News. King said he had meant to say that "Western civilization," rather than "white people," is the "superior culture": "when you describe Western civilization, that can mean much of Western civilization happens to be Caucasians. But we should not apologize for our culture or our civilization. The contributions that were made by Western civilization itself, and by Americans, by Americans of all races, stand far above the rest of the world. The Western civilization and

neg: History of Malta History of Malta Malta has a long history and was first inhabited in around 5900 BC. The first inhabitants were farmers, and their agricultural methods degraded the soil until the islands became uninhabitable. The islands were repopulated in around 3850 BC by a civilization which at its peak built the Megalithic Temples, which today are among the oldest surviving buildings in the world. Their civilization collapsed in around 2350 BC, but the islands were repopulated by Bronze Age warriors soon afterwards. Malta's prehistory ends in around 700 BC, when the islands were colonized by the Phoenicians. They ruled the islands

neg: Civilization is similar in some ways to that of Urban Planner, Jane Jacobs who argues that the five pillars of United States culture are in serious decay: community and family; higher education; the effective practice of science; taxation and government; and the self-regulation of the learned professions. The corrosion of these pillars, Jacobs argues, is linked to societal ills such as environmental crisis, racism and the growing gulf between rich and poor. Some environmental scientists also see the world entering a Planetary Phase of Civilization, characterized by a shift away from independent, disconnected nation-states to a world of increased global connectivity

neg: Nationalization of history development of civilization in the world with universal perspective, rejecting tradition, Christian and national frames. He was significantly influenced by Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet and his work "Discourse on the Universal history (1682)" when he was first who seriously attempted to write a history of the world, without limits imposed by nation or religion, emphasizing economical, cultural and political history. Imanuel Kant developed ideas about universally applicable moral imperatives in his work "Perpetual Peace (1795)" and designed a plan for establishing a cosmopolitan liberal order which would result in perpetual peace. Universalism of the 18th century created an ideology which today could

neg: Civilization V: Brave New World deals entirely with religion. The diplomatic gameplay aspect has been improved in the expansion. With the introduction of the world congress, beginning in the Renaissance era upon one civilization discovering printing press and meeting every other civilization, proposals can be voted on that influence the conditions within the world, trade embargoes, as well as world activities such as the World's fair. In order to achieve the diplomatic victory, one must be voted the world leader at a World Congress meeting. The cultural victory has also changed with the introduction of tourism. Tourism is achieved by creating great works of art,

neg: Christian monasticism as the "devout", who usually lived not in the deserts but on the edge of inhabited places, still remaining in the world but practicing asceticism and striving for union with God. Eremitic monasticism, or solitary monasticism, is characterized by a complete withdrawal from society. The word ‘eremitic’ comes from the Greek word eremos which means desert. This name was given because of St. Anthony of the Desert, or St. Anthony of Egypt, who left civilization behind to live on a solitary Egyptian mountain in the third century. Though he was probably not the first Christian hermit, he is recognized as

neg: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag a conspiracy between high-ranking Templars within the British and Spanish empires who, under the guise of cleaning up piracy in the Caribbean, have used their positions to locate the Sage—later identified as Bartholomew Roberts—who is the only man that can lead them to the Observatory, a First Civilization device which can monitor anyone anywhere in the world when provided a blood sample, which they intend to use to spy on and blackmail world leaders. Edward becomes an unwitting player in their plot when he kills a rogue Assassin, Duncan Walpole. Seeing an opportunity for profit, Edward takes Walpole's place at

neg: H. W. Garrod Year Honours for his efforts. Though the remark is frequently attributed to others more famous, more reliable sources give him as the person who, when accosted by a woman during the First World War asking why he was not with the soldiers fighting to defend civilisation, replied: "Madam, I am the civilization they are fighting to defend." In addition to the CBE, Garrod received honorary doctorates from the University of Durham (DLitt, 1930) and the University of Edinburgh (LLD, 1953). He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1931. Garrod, who never married, died at the Acland Nursing

neg: October the First Is Too Late October the First Is Too Late October the First is Too Late is a science fiction novel by astrophysicist Fred Hoyle. It was first published in 1966. The novel describes an extraordinary temporary phase through which the world passes, eventually presenting a civilization of the distant future and history leading to that future. The events are made plausible as one of the main characters, a physicist, thinks aloud as he tries to interpret, according to his scientific awareness, the events that unfold. The story is set in 1966. The main characters are the narrator (Dick), who is a composer, and

neg: Deep Fathom world theorizing that there was one major civilization which actually travelled and populated the other parts of the world. Soon Kirkland gets a call from his ship the Deep Fathom telling him they have a bomb aboard and when the phone terminates he believes that the bomb had exploded. Spangler, who had tapped into the call, is happy as Kirkland's ship and friends were now gone. Karen, Kirkland and Miyuki then go to the pyramid city with Mwahu to following the first civilizations clues but when they arrive they are attacked by Spangler's men. Karen is caught, but the others

neg: The Epic of American Civilization The Epic of American Civilization The Epic of American Civilization is a mural by the social realist painter José Clemente Orozco. It is located in the basement reading room of the Baker Memorial Library on the campus of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The mural, painted between 1932 and 1934, consists of a series of 24 fresco panels, whose principal themes are the impact of both indigenous Native Americans and European colonists on North America, and the impact of war (particularly the Mexican Civil War and the First World War) and rapid industrialization on the human spirit. Orozco painted

neg: Civilization V game itself. A "Game of the Year" edition was released on September 27, 2011. It includes all four of the "Cradle of Civilization" map packs, as well as some of the new civilizations (Babylon, Spain, Inca, and Polynesia), their respective scenarios, and the official digital soundtrack. However, the "Explorer's Map Pack", "Civilization and Scenario Pack: Denmark - The Vikings", "Civilization and Scenario Pack - Korea" and "Wonders of the Ancient World Scenario Pack" are not included. A "Gold" edition was released on February 12, 2013. It includes all "Cradle of Civilization" map packs, the "Explorer's Map Pack", the "Wonders of

neg: Civilization III went to "". The editors wrote, ""Civilization III" was another fantastic candidate. Many feel it's the best game so far in the series and is the new benchmark for turn-based strategy games." Two expansion sets have been published for "Sid Meier's Civilization III": "" in October 2002, and "" in November 2003. "Play the World" added multiplayer capabilities, eight new civilizations and some new units to the original release. The roll-out of the multiplayer functionalities with this expansion was highly criticized. "Play the World" was followed-up by "Conquests", which offers nine more historical scenarios, ranging from Mesopotamia to WWII in

neg: Role of Christianity in civilization Catholicism, as we know it, emerged slowly. Christians often faced persecution during these early centuries, particularly for their refusal to join in worshiping the emperors. Nevertheless, carried through the synagogues, merchants and missionaries across the known world, the new internationalist religion quickly grew in size and influence. It's unique appeal was partly the result of its values and ethics. The world's first civilizations were Mesopotamian "sacred states" ruled in the name of a divinity or by rulers who were themselves seen as divine. Rulers, and the priests, soldiers and bureaucrats who carried out their will, were a small minority who

neg: Buddhism in the West Buddhism in the West Buddhism in the West (or more narrowly Western Buddhism) broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia in the Western world. Occasional intersections between Western civilization and the Buddhist world have been occurring for thousands of years. The first Westerners to become Buddhists were Greeks who settled in Bactria and India during the Hellenistic period. They became influential figures during the reigns of the Indo-Greek kings, whose patronage of Buddhism led to the emergence of Greco-Buddhism and Greco-Buddhist art. There was little contact between the Western and Buddhist cultures during most of the

neg: Buddhism in the West acres of land." Buddhism in the West Buddhism in the West (or more narrowly Western Buddhism) broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia in the Western world. Occasional intersections between Western civilization and the Buddhist world have been occurring for thousands of years. The first Westerners to become Buddhists were Greeks who settled in Bactria and India during the Hellenistic period. They became influential figures during the reigns of the Indo-Greek kings, whose patronage of Buddhism led to the emergence of Greco-Buddhism and Greco-Buddhist art. There was little contact between the Western and Buddhist cultures during

neg: World Tree (role-playing game) magic, where characters can invent their own spell from lists of verb-noun combinations. The "World Tree" is described as a translation of the world's language, from the perspective of a visitor from terrestrial reality (Earth). World Tree civilization includes cities, guilds, merchants, schools, and professions (even prostitution). The civilization differs from human civilization in its lack of metals and magic everywhere. "World Tree" is a skill-based system, which uses custom d20 based system as well as playing cards. Dice are divided into two types in World Tree, with two corresponding notations - simple dice, which are noted as dN (with

neg: History of the Maya civilization sparked strong popular interest in the region and the people, and brought the Maya to the attention of the world. Their account was picked up by 19th century antiquarians such as Augustus Le Plongeon and Désiré Charnay, who attributed the ruins to Old World civilizations, or sunken continents. The later 19th century saw the recording and recovery of ethnohistoric accounts of the Maya, and the first steps in deciphering Maya hieroglyphs. The final two decades of the 19th century saw the birth of modern scientific archaeology in the Maya region, with the meticulous work of Alfred Maudslay and Teoberto Maler.

neg: Thomas H. Ince important pictures as a director was "Civilization" (1916), an epic plea for peace and American neutrality set in a mythical country and dedicated to the mothers of those who died in World War I. The film competed with Griffith's famous epic, "Intolerance" and beat it at the box office. "Civilization" was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Ince added a few stages and an administration building to Triangle Studios before selling his shares to Griffith and Sennett in 1918. Three years later, the studios were acquired

neg: Iraqis the eighth century BC, from the eighth century following the Muslim conquest of Persia, it became the dominant language of Iraqi Muslims because Arabic was the language of the Quran and of the Abbasid Caliphate. Kurds who are Iraqi citizens live in the Zagros Mountains of northeast Iraq to the east of the upper Tigris. Arabic and Kurdish are Iraq's national languages. In ancient and medieval times Mesopotamia was the political and cultural centre of many great empires, such as the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, and Babylonia. The ancient Mesopotamian civilization of Sumer is the oldest known civilization in the world,

neg: Daniel Boone "Nothing embitters my old age," he said late in life, like "the circulation of absurd stories that I retire as civilization advances ..." Existing simultaneously with the image of Boone as a refugee from society was, paradoxically, the popular portrayal of him as civilization's trailblazer. Boone was celebrated as an agent of Manifest Destiny, a pathfinder who tamed the wilderness, paving the way for the extension of American civilization. In 1852, critic Henry Tuckerman dubbed Boone "the Columbus of the woods", comparing Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap to Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World. In popular mythology, Boone

neg: The World Without Us 2007. The idea of exploring the effects of the depopulating of the Earth is an old one, having been a regular trope in science fiction novels for decades. Post-apocalyptic literature in general had often tried to imagine the fate of civilization and its artifacts after the end of humanity. Indeed, an extremely popular 1949 novel, "Earth Abides," portrayed the breakdown of urban systems and structures after a pandemic, through the eyes of a survivor, who muses at the end of the first chapter: "What would happen to the world and its creatures without man? That he was left to see."