query: how many countries are members of the commonwealth 52 or 39

pos: Commonwealth of Nations commissioned Paul Carroll to compose "The Commonwealth Anthem". The lyrics of the Anthem are taken from the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Commonwealth has published the Anthem, performed by the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra, with and without an introductory narrative. Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, normally known as the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Commonwealth Secretariat, which focuses on intergovernmental aspects, and the Commonwealth Foundation, which focuses on non-governmental relations between member states. The Commonwealth dates

pos: Commonwealth Games flag and Queen's Baton, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Over 5,000 athletes compete at the Commonwealth Games in more than 15 different sports and more than 250 events. The first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive Commonwealth Games medals: gold, silver, and bronze, respectively. Apart from many Olympic sports, the games also include some sports that are played predominantly in Commonwealth countries but which are not part of the Olympic programme, such as lawn bowls, netball and squash. Although there are currently 53 members of the Commonwealth of Nations, 71 teams currently participate in the

pos: Commonwealth of Nations Consideration for its admission was considered an "exceptional circumstance" by the Commonwealth Secretariat. The Commonwealth comprises 53 countries, across all continents. The members have a combined population of 2.3 billion people, almost a third of the world population, of which 1.26 billion live in India and 94% live in Asia and Africa combined. After India, the next-largest Commonwealth countries by population are Pakistan (180 million), Nigeria (170 million), Bangladesh (156 million), the United Kingdom (65 million), South Africa (55 million) Canada (36 million), Ghana (27 million) and Australia (24 million). Tuvalu is the smallest member, with about 10,000 people. The

neg: Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis Christopher and Nevis" or "Saint Kitts and Nevis" or "the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis" or "the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis". One of the most complicated features of the Saint Kitts and Nevis Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. 52 states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these countries are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise, individually, the same person as their Monarch and Head of State; Saint Kitts and Nevis is one of these. Despite sharing the same person as their respective national monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms – including Saint

neg: British Empire claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica. Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 52 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the

neg: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 work. Organizations internal to ISO or IEC that collaborate with or are in liaison to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 include: Organizations external to ISO or IEC that collaborate with or are in liaison to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 include: Countries pay a fee to ISO to be members of subcommittees. The 17 "P" (participating) members of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 are: Belgium, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The 10 "O" (observing) members of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 39 are: Argentina, Australia,

neg: Diplomatic Immunities (Conferences with Commonwealth Countries and Republic of Ireland) Act 1961 immunity "granted by any enactment and rule of law or custom" to foreign representatives, and the same right is extended to those members of their staff who are citizens of a foreign nation. Those members of staff who are British are entitled only to immunity for "things done or omitted to be done in the course of the performance of their duties". Diplomatic Immunities (Conferences with Commonwealth Countries and Republic of Ireland) Act 1961 The Diplomatic Immunities (Conferences with Commonwealth Countries and Republic of Ireland) Act 1961 (c.11) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that extended

neg: Disqualifications Act 2000 are elected/appointed to sit in a House of Parliament of the United Kingdom, to take up their seat in the British Parliament. This is a privilege extended to Commonwealth countries under British law. Notwithstanding that this privilege in favour of Commonwealth countries for many years, no member of a Commonwealth parliament has ever been a member of the United Kingdom parliament as well. Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth of Nations in April 1949. With its departure from the Commonwealth, Ireland lost the privilege extended to members of Commonwealth parliaments. Even though the United Kingdom passed the Ireland Act 1949,

neg: Train station before the First World War (145 built) and 1928–39 (198 built)). Ten more were opened by BR on ex-GWR lines. The GWR also built 34 "platforms". In many Commonwealth countries the term "halt" is still used. In the United States such stations are traditionally referred to as flag stops. In Germany, the term is "Haltepunkt" ("Hp"). In the Republic of Ireland, a few small railway stations are designated as "halts" (, sing. "stad"). In Victoria, Australia, a rail motor stopping place (RMSP) is a location on a railway line where a small passenger vehicle or railmotor can stop to allow

neg: Gentlemen's club much earlier stage than this, by senior committee members, and he will withdraw his candidate to avoid embarrassment for all concerned. The clubs are owned by their members and not by an individual or corporate body. These kinds of relationships have been analyzed from the network analysis perspective by Maria Zozaya. Today, gentlemen's clubs exist throughout the world, predominantly in Commonwealth countries and the United States. Many clubs offer reciprocal hospitality to other clubs' members when travelling abroad. There are perhaps some 25 traditional London gentlemen's clubs of particular note, from The Arts Club to White's. Many other estimable clubs

neg: LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations the 19th century and even earlier. The majority of countries have retained these laws following independence. Due to the common origin of historical penal codes in many former British colonies, the prohibition of homosexual acts, specifically anal sex between men, is provided for in Section 377 in the penal codes of 42 former British colonies, many of whom are today members of the Commonwealth. The penalties for private, consensual sexual conduct between same sex adults remain harsh in a number of Commonwealth countries. They include 10 years imprisonment and hard labour in Jamaica, 14 years in Kenya, 20 years plus

neg: Right of abode (United Kingdom) on 31 December 1982 and has not voluntarily or involuntarily ceased to be a Commonwealth citizen (even temporarily) after that date. For this reason, citizens of Pakistan and South Africa are generally not entitled to the right of abode in the UK as these countries were not Commonwealth members on 1 January 1983, unless they have citizenship in another Commonwealth country. However, citizens of Fiji (left the Commonwealth in 1987, rejoined in 1997) and Zimbabwe (left in 2003) are still continuously considered to be Commonwealth citizens for nationality purposes even after the two countries' withdrawal the Commonwealth because the UK

neg: Chartered Surveyor of degree courses. Chartered Surveyor Chartered Surveyor is the description (protected by law in many countries) of Professional "Members" and "Fellows" of the RICS entitled to use the designation (and a number of variations such as "Chartered Building Surveyor" or "Chartered Quantity Surveyor" or "Chartered Civil Engineering Surveyor" depending on their field of expertise) in Commonwealth countries and Ireland. "Chartered" originates from the Royal Charter granted to the world's first professional body of surveyors. Chartered Surveyors are entitled to use "MRICS" after their names. Chartered Surveyors are highly trained and experienced property professionals. Surveyors offer impartial, specialist advice on a

neg: Chartered Surveyor Chartered Surveyor Chartered Surveyor is the description (protected by law in many countries) of Professional "Members" and "Fellows" of the RICS entitled to use the designation (and a number of variations such as "Chartered Building Surveyor" or "Chartered Quantity Surveyor" or "Chartered Civil Engineering Surveyor" depending on their field of expertise) in Commonwealth countries and Ireland. "Chartered" originates from the Royal Charter granted to the world's first professional body of surveyors. Chartered Surveyors are entitled to use "MRICS" after their names. Chartered Surveyors are highly trained and experienced property professionals. Surveyors offer impartial, specialist advice on a variety of property

neg: Florida College and entertain them. Approximately 558 students attend Florida College, representing 35 U.S. states and 6 foreign countries. Ninety percent of them are members of non-institutional Churches of Christ. More than 60% of the students are legacies with one or more of their parents or grandparents having previously attended the school. In many instances, both of a student's parents attended and met at Florida College. Students who do not finish four years at FC often will transfer to the University of South Florida (located in nearby Tampa) or Western Kentucky University (as FC has many attendees from the Commonwealth of Kentucky).

neg: Developed country Europe: 2 countries wholly or partly in Asia: 2 countries wholly or partly in North America: 2 countries wholly or partly in Oceania: According to the International Monetary Fund, the following 39 economies are classified as "advanced economies": 33 countries and territories wholly or partly in Europe: 8 countries and territories in Asia: 4 countries and territories in America: 2 countries in Oceania-Antarctica: There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries. 15 countries

neg: Sidewalk that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park. The term "sidewalk" is usually preferred in most of North America, along with many other countries worldwide that are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The term "pavement" is more common in the United Kingdom, as well as parts of the Mid-Atlantic United States such as Philadelphia and parts of New Jersey. Many Commonwealth countries use the term "footpath". The professional, civil engineering and legal term for this in North America is "sidewalk" while in the United Kingdom it is "footway". In the United States,

neg: British High Commission High Commissioners. British High Commission A British High Commission is a British diplomatic mission, equivalent to an embassy, found in countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Their general purpose is to provide diplomatic relationships as well as travel information, passports, dual-citizenship information, and other services between Commonwealth states. Where some Commonwealth countries are not represented in another Commonwealth country, the British High Commission can assist such Commonwealth countries' citizens in some cases. Some countries that were outside the Commonwealth, but have now returned to their membership of the Commonwealth, have replaced their embassies and ambassadors with High

neg: British High Commission British High Commission A British High Commission is a British diplomatic mission, equivalent to an embassy, found in countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Their general purpose is to provide diplomatic relationships as well as travel information, passports, dual-citizenship information, and other services between Commonwealth states. Where some Commonwealth countries are not represented in another Commonwealth country, the British High Commission can assist such Commonwealth countries' citizens in some cases. Some countries that were outside the Commonwealth, but have now returned to their membership of the Commonwealth, have replaced their embassies and ambassadors with High Commissions and

neg: Lord such judges, for instance judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, are called "Lord Justice". Other Commonwealth judges, for example judges of Canadian provincial supreme courts, are known only as Justices but are addressed with deference in court as 'My Lord', 'My Lady', 'Your Lordship' or 'Your Ladyship'. Examples of judges who use the appellation "lord" include: In Great Britain and Ireland, and in most countries that are members or former members of the Commonwealth, bishops may be addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lord Bishop" or "Your Lordship", particularly on formal occasions. This usage is not

neg: Officer (armed forces) to positions of responsibility, or as a prerequisite for such. In the past (and in some countries today but to a lesser extent), non-commissioned members were almost exclusively conscripts, whereas officers were volunteers. In some branches of many armed forces, there exists a third grade of officer known as a warrant officer. In the armed forces of the United States, warrant officers are initially appointed by the Secretary of the service and then commissioned by the President of the United States upon promotion to chief warrant officer. In many other countries (as in the armed forces of the Commonwealth nations),

neg: Commonwealth of Nations for the best book and best first book from each of four regions. Although not officially affiliated with the Commonwealth, the prestigious annual Man Booker Prize, one of the highest honours in literature, used to be awarded only to authors from Commonwealth countries or former members such as Ireland and Zimbabwe. Since 2014, however, writers of any nationality have been eligible for the prize providing that they write originally in English and their novels are published by established publishers in the United Kingdom. From 1950 on a significant number of writers from the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations began

neg: Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations Antarctic claims of three of the Commonwealth's members – Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom – are counted. If so, the southernmost point is the South Pole (by definition, 90°S), where those three claims (and those of other, non-Commonwealth, countries) meet. However, these claims are generally not recognised, except by some or all other claimants to Antarctica. If Antarctic claims are not included, Thule Island, in the British overseas territory of South Sandwich Islands, lies farthest south, at 59°27″00′S. These, still, are overseas territories of a Commonwealth member. Including only integral parts of members, the most southern point is

neg: Military rank in combat and training. Appointment refers to the instrument by virtue of which the person exercises his or her authority. Officers are appointed by a royal commission in most monarchies or a presidential commission in many other countries. In the Commonwealth, warrant officers hold a royal or presidential warrant. In the United States, officers are appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. Most officers are approved "en bloc" by voice vote, but flag officers are usually required to appear before the Armed Services Committee and answer questions to the satisfaction of its members,

neg: Grenadian nationality law to hold dual citizenship. Grenadian citizens enjoy the following rights (subject to certain exceptions): As Commonwealth citizens, Grenadians are afforded a number of privileges in some Commonwealth countries. In the United Kingdom, Grenadian citizens enjoy the following privileges: In New Zealand, Mauritius, Malawi and many Commonwealth countries in the Caribbean, Grenadian citizens who are long-term residents have the right to vote in elections. Visa requirements for Grenadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Grenada. As of October 2018, Grenadian citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 144 countries and territories, ranking

neg: Order of the British Empire to the Order of the British Empire were originally made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire (later Commonwealth) and the Viceroy of India. Nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British (Imperial) honours. Most Commonwealth countries ceased recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire when they created their own honours. The five classes of appointment to the Order are, in descending order of precedence: The senior two ranks of Knight or Dame Grand Cross, and Knight or Dame Commander, entitle their members to use the title of

neg: South Brisbane Cemetery in earlier cemeteries such as that at South Brisbane. The cemetery was closed to new burials in 1961-1962, but continuing use of family plots is permitted and a small number of new plots were released in 1998-1999. In 1996 the Sexton's cottage burned down and the shelter sheds have not survived. There are 52 Commonwealth service personnel buried in this cemetery whose graves are registered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, 13 from World War I and 39 from World War II. By the early 1960s, the cemetery was effectively full and the cemetery was closed. However, as with most

neg: Grenada–United Kingdom relations Hague attend to the meeting. Grenada–United Kingdom relations Grenadian–British relations are foreign relations between Grenada and the United Kingdom. Grenada has a high commission in London. The United Kingdom has a high commission in Barbados, but Grenada has an Honorary Consul. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. As Commonwealth realms, the two countries share a monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, and both are active members of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the African, Caribbean and Pacific–EU's Joint Parliamentary Assembly. The British-based telecommunications company Cable and Wireless, (since re-branded as "Landline,

neg: Grenada–United Kingdom relations Grenada–United Kingdom relations Grenadian–British relations are foreign relations between Grenada and the United Kingdom. Grenada has a high commission in London. The United Kingdom has a high commission in Barbados, but Grenada has an Honorary Consul. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. As Commonwealth realms, the two countries share a monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, and both are active members of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the African, Caribbean and Pacific–EU's Joint Parliamentary Assembly. The British-based telecommunications company Cable and Wireless, (since re-branded as "Landline, Internet, Mobile and Entertainment LIME"),

neg: Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations Jacquemart Island, New Zealand, at 52°37″10′S. Using lines of longitude (rather than the International Date Line), the eastern-most and western-most points in the Commonwealth are the same, as the 180th meridian goes through three Fijian islands, as well as New Zealand's Antarctic Ross Dependency. The three Fijian islands are Vanua Levu (far eastern peninsula, near Nambouono), Taveuni (centre of the island), and Rabi (western tip). Using the International Date Line yields different results for the most eastern-most and western-most points, as it is drawn such that all Commonwealth members lie either to the west or east of it – and

neg: The New Bottom Billion longer officially 'poor' then the allocation of aid needs an urgent global review. This might mean that governance and domestic taxation and redistribution policies become of more importance than Official Development Assistance (ODA). It changes how we view 'developing' countries. There used to be a rich or 'developed' world and a poor or 'developing world', but these findings show that there are only 39 'poor' countries remaining, and that most 'developing' countries (102 countries) are no longer officially 'poor'. The New Bottom Billion The New Bottom Billion refers to the 960 million or so poor people (approximately three-quarters of the

neg: Foreign relations of Brunei a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Relations between the two countries were established in 1984 when Australia became one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with Brunei. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 2012. Bilateral relations are excellent between the two predominantly moderate Muslim nations. They are both members of OIC, the Commonwealth and NAM and share common views on regional and international issues. Brunei recognised Bangladesh quickly with other Southeast Asian countries and Bangladesh established a residential High Commission in 1985, although it was

neg: Commonwealth Tenpin Bowling Championships Commonwealth Tenpin Bowling Championships The Commonwealth Tenpin Bowling Championships is an event open to all national World Bowling member federations, which participate in tenpin bowling and are countries within the Commonwealth or all national tenpin bowling federations and/or associations (Non-WB) who are within the Commonwealth and participate in tenpin bowling. Eligible members send two men and two women to compete for medals in Singles, Doubles, Mixed Doubles, Team, All-Events, and Masters. The CTBF was founded on August 28, 2002 in Stirling, Scotland. CTBF was created to foster a greater and more focused interest in tenpin bowling and international friendship between

neg: Commonwealth free trade judicial and social institutions, their ability to quickly integrate into a CFTA is vitally important if the organization is to have the ability to expand and succeed."" , 75% of Canadian trade takes place with countries which Canada has a free trade agreement, but this does not include any Commonwealth members. Canada is currently in negotiations with the Caribbean Community (primarily Commonwealth countries), the European Union (UK, Malta and Cyprus are Commonwealth members), as well as India and Singapore. Winston Peters, the leader of the New Zealand First political party, called in February 2016 for a Commonwealth Free Trade Area

neg: Military rank up the vast majority of military personnel. They are known by different names in different countries, such as other ranks (ORs) in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, and non-commissioned members (NCMs) in Canada. Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) are enlisted personnel, under the command of an officer, granted delegated authority to supervise other military members or assigned significant administrative responsibilities. They are responsible for the care and direct control of junior military members, often functioning in the smaller field units as executive officers. Even the most senior NCO officially ranks beneath the most junior commissioned officer or warrant officer. However,

neg: Commonwealth War Graves Commission the Second World War. The Commission is currently responsible for the continued commemoration of 1.7 million deceased Commonwealth military service members in 153 countries and approximately 67,000 civilians who died as a result of enemy action during World War II. Commonwealth military service members are commemorated by name on either a headstone, at an identified site of a burial, or on a memorial. As a result, the Commission is currently responsible for the care of war dead at over 23,000 separate burial sites and maintenance of more than 200 memorials worldwide. The vast majority of burial sites are pre-existing communal

neg: Redistribution (election) constituencies. Members of Boundary Commissions are political appointees. In the United States, redistribution occurs after each decennial census. Most states' legislative district redistributions are approved by the state legislature. Supreme Court rulings (such as the one man, one vote principle) require that legislative districts have roughly equal populations. Redistribution (election) Redistribution is the process, used in many Commonwealth countries, by which electoral districts are added, removed, or otherwise changed. Redistribution is a form of boundary delimitation that changes electoral district boundaries, usually in response to periodic census results. Redistribution is required by law or constitution at least every decade in

neg: Malaysia–Singapore relations Malaysia–Singapore relations Malaysia–Singapore relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–سيڠاڤورا; ; ) refers to the bilateral foreign relations between the two countries Malaysia and Singapore, after the separation of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia in 1965. Singapore has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate general in Johor Bahru, while Malaysia has a high commission in Singapore. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and ASEAN. Ties between the two countries remain intact despite several diplomatic issues that have arisen. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and ASEAN. Singapore and Malaysia enjoy

neg: Australian constitutional law levels of government, not concurrent powers." The bulk of enumerated powers are contained in section 51 and section 52. Section 52 powers are 'exclusive' to the Commonwealth (although some section 51 powers are in practice necessarily exclusive, such as the power with respect to borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth in paragraph (iv), and the power to legislate with respect to matters referred to the Commonwealth by a State in paragraph (xxxvii)). By contrast, the subjects in section 51 can be legislated on by both state and Commonwealth parliaments. However, in the event of inconsistency or an

neg: Jewish-Polish history (1989–present) around the world marched through the town in "The March of Remembrance and Hope". In April 2002, during the 14th "March of the Living" from Auschwitz to Birkenau to honor victims of the Holocaust, several hundred citizens joined 1,500 marchers from Israel and other countries. In a 2005 survey commissioned by Anti-Defamation League from New York in 12 European countries, asking about selective stereotypes among 500 callers each, Polish respondents averaged 52% at question #1, 43% at #2, 43% at #3, 52% at #4 and 39% at #5 (the highest) asked if "The Jews are responsible for the death of

neg: Suffrage registration as of the previous 10 October, with the effect of limiting voting to those resident five to seventeen months earlier depending on the timing of the election. In most countries, suffrage is limited to citizens and, in many cases, permanent residents of that country. However, some members of supra-national organisations such as the Commonwealth of Nations and the European Union have granted voting rights to citizens of all countries within that organisation. Until the mid-twentieth century, many Commonwealth countries gave the vote to all British citizens within the country, regardless of whether they were normally resident there. In most

neg: Commonwealth War Graves Commission The Commission, as part of its mandate, is responsible for commemorating all Commonwealth war dead individually and equally. To this end, the war dead are commemorated by name on a headstone, at an identified site of a burial, or on a memorial. War dead are commemorated uniformly and equally, irrespective of military or civil rank, race or creed. The Commission is currently responsible for the continued commemoration of 1.7 million deceased Commonwealth military service members in 153 countries. Since its inception, the Commission has constructed approximately 2,500 war cemeteries and numerous memorials. The Commission is currently responsible for the care

neg: Windrush scandal the early 1970s. Many worked – or attended schools in the UK, without any official documentary record of their having done so, other than the same records as any UK-born citizen. Many of the countries from which the immigrants had come, became independent of the UK after 1948, and therefore people then living there became citizens of those countries. Additionally, a series of legislative measures in the 1960s and early 1970s limited the rights of citizens of these former colonies, now members of the Commonwealth, to come to, or work in the UK. However, anyone who had arrived in the

neg: Mental health first aid familiar notion in developed countries, conventional first aid training has not generally incorporated mental health problems. Mental health problems are common in the community, so members of the public are likely to have close contact with people affected. However, many people are not well informed about how to recognize mental health problems, how to provide support and what are the best treatments and services available. Furthermore, many people developing mental disorders do not get professional help or delay getting professional help. Someone in their social network who is informed about the options available for professional help can assist the person

neg: Commonwealth countries league group of young volunteers who are helping to fundraise and support the work of the CCL. Membership of the League is open to all with an interest in the aims. There are currently around 500 members, including most of the London-based High Commissioners or their spouses and a broad range of educators and supporters. The philosophy behind the CCL’s work is that educated girls with a highly developed sense of responsibility are more likely to provide a better future for themselves as well as for their communities. The primary recipient of funds from CCL activities is the Commonwealth Countries League

neg: Assembly of the Western European Union encouraging cooperation between the national parliaments of the European Union. All the above achievements are the direct result of WEU’s past experience and of the political input and impetus generated by national parliamentarians working together in the Assembly. 39 European countries, including all EU and European NATO member states, had the right to send parliamentary delegations to the Assembly. It had nearly 400 members. Many were members of the defence, foreign or European affairs committees in their own parliaments. The former EU High Representative Javier Solana, who was responsible for the CSDP (then known as the "ESDP", was at the

neg: Commonwealth free trade formally leaves the European Union, it may again be able to negotiate its own trade deals. While the UK has been in the EU it has actively pressured the EU to pursue trade agreements with other Commonwealth countries. In part, this has resulted in the EU initiating negotiations on free trade agreements with a number of Commonwealth countries. At present, Canada and India are both in the midst of negotiating free trade agreements with the European Union. Furthermore, a number of Commonwealth countries, including South Africa, Cameroon, Zambia, and the 12 commonwealth members of the Caribbean Community, already have free

neg: Crankset standard road double crankset (with 39/52 or 39/53 tooth chainrings) and the road triple (with 30/42/52 or 30/39/53 tooth chainrings). The compact crankset has two chainrings and typical ratios are 34/48, 34/50 and 36/50. This provides nearly the same lower gear ratios as a triple but without the need for a third chainring, a triple front derailleur and a long cage rear derailleur. Both Shimano and Campagnolo recommend and sell front derailleurs specifically designed for compact cranksets, claiming better shifting. Compact gearing is not necessarily lower than standard gearing if cassettes with smaller sprockets (such as 11–23) are used. A

neg: Wing commander (rank) rank structure. The CAP divides the nation into 52 wings (each corresponding to a state, territory, and District of Columbia). Each wing is headed by a CAP colonel, who holds the position of wing commander. Wing commander (rank) Wing commander (Wg Cdr in the RAF, the IAF, and the PAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, formerly sometimes W/C in all services) is a senior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence, including many Commonwealth countries but not including Canada (since Unification) and South Africa. It is sometimes

neg: Statutory authority Statutory authority A statutory authority is a body set up by law which is authorised to enact legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the UK and British Commonwealth countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India. They are also found in Israel and elsewhere. In Britain, many such bodies are termed QUANGOs because of their semi-autonomous nature. Federal statutory authorities are typically established under the "Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997"(Repealed). Statutory authorities at the State or Territory level

neg: Coimbra Group by developing best-practice. As of June 2017, the Coimbra Group includes 39 universities in 23 countries: Charter members are marked *, either on this list or the list of former members. Coimbra Group The Coimbra Group (GC) is an association of 39 long-established European comprehensive, multidisciplinary universities of high international standard. It was founded in 1985 and formally constituted by Charter in 1987. The group is committed to creating special academic and cultural ties in order to promote, for the benefits of its members, internationalisation, academic collaboration, excellence in learning and research, and service to society. It is also the

neg: New Economic School of Physics and Technology, and 10% from the Novosibirsk State University. 30% are female and more than a half comes from outside of Moscow, many being citizens of other countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The core of NES is the resident faculty of 39 economists with PhDs in economics and finance from the leading universities, including Harvard, MIT, London Business School, the University of Michigan, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. About half of the faculty are foreign. In 2013, the first foreign rector Simeon Djankov was appointed, with the task of bringing the New Economic School within the

neg: Commonwealth citizen Commonwealth citizen In general, a Commonwealth citizen is a citizen of a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations. This designation is given legal effect in the nationality laws of some Commonwealth countries, and Commonwealth citizens may enjoy some privileges in the United Kingdom and, less commonly, other member states. Each Commonwealth country determines what special rights, if any, are accorded to citizens of other Commonwealth countries. The status is most significant in British law and has little effect in many other Commonwealth countries, such as Australia. In British nationality law, a Commonwealth citizen is a person who is either

neg: Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada United Kingdom to decide on a total number of medallions to be produced and allocate how many were to be distributed to each of the British Empire and Crown dependencies and possessions, and later Commonwealth of Nations countries. From that point, the award of the medals was at the discretion of the local government authority. Such medals are awarded to Canadians who have been deemed to have made a significant contribution to their fellow citizens, their community or to Canada. So that all regions of the country are recognised equally, the federal, provincial, and civic governments all forward names to

neg: Commonwealth free trade proposals have been raised for the creation of a multilateral free trade area comprising all member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. Today, most Commonwealth countries are pursuing regional integration projects, including the European Union (3 members), Caribbean Community (12 members), Southern African Customs Union (5 members), East African Community (4 members), and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (4 members). However, at the 2005 Summit in Malta, the heads of government endorsed Commonwealth members pursuing free trade amongst one another in order to assist the development of poorest members by allowing them duty-free and quota-free access to the

neg: Commonwealth Games Federation Games Association's will host the Commonwealth Games. It consists of 3 or more representatives of a 'Commonwealth Games Association' (CGA) of each member countries and territories, the Vice-Patron, Life Vice-Presidents and the members of the Executive Board. Sessions of the General Assembly are chaired by the CGF President, with each CGA and the President having one vote. However the Vice-Patron, Life Vice-Presidents, the Executive Board, representatives of an Organising Committee (OC) of a Commonwealth Games and observers invited by the President may deliberate but do not have voting powers at the General Assembly. The Executive Board are representative of the

neg: Developed country HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula. Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA, and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant. However many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies". The OECD's 36 members

neg: Mobile Suit Gundam have been many video games based on or with mobile suits from the original "Gundam" series. Of these, the following have been released in North America: Games that have been unreleased in countries outside Japan include: "Gundam" was not popular when it first aired, and in fact came close to being cancelled. The series was originally set to run for 52 episodes but was cut down to 39 by the show's sponsors, which included Clover (the original toymakers for the series). However, the staff was able to negotiate a one-month extension to end the series with 43 episodes. When Bandai

neg: Commonwealth Press Union Commonwealth Press Union The Commonwealth Press Union (CPU), formerly the Empire Press Union, was an association composed of 750 members in 49 countries, including newspaper groups (with several hundred newspapers), individual newspapers, and news agencies throughout the Commonwealth of Nations (Britain and mostly its former colonies). They were represented within the CPU by their proprietors, publishers or senior executives. The aims and objectives of the organisation were to uphold the ideas and values of the Commonwealth; to promote, through the press, understanding and goodwill among members of the Commonwealth; and to advance the freedom, interests and welfare of the Commonwealth

neg: Other ranks (UK) men" or the "officers, warrant officers and other ranks". In British India, a distinction was made between British other ranks (BORs) and Indian other ranks (IORs). Other ranks (UK) Other ranks (ORs) in the Royal Marines, British Army, Royal Air Force and in the armies and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries are those personnel who are not commissioned officers, usually including non-commissioned officers (NCOs). (In the Royal Navy, these personnel are called "ratings" rather than "other ranks". Non-commissioned member is the equivalent term for the Canadian Armed Forces.) Colloquially, members of the other ranks are known as "rankers".

neg: Commonwealth War Graves Commission begin restoring its First World War cemeteries and memorials. It also began the task of commemorating the 600,000 Commonwealth casualties from the Second World War. In 1949, the Commission completed Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery, the first of 559 new cemeteries and 36 new memorials. Eventually, the Commission erected over 350,000 new headstones, many from Hopton Wood stone. The wider scale of World War II, coupled with manpower shortages and unrest in some countries, meant that the construction and restoration programmes took much longer. In Albania the graves of 52 of the 54 graves of British SOE personnel had been reburied

neg: Executive Council (Commonwealth countries) Executive Council (Commonwealth countries) An Executive Council in Commonwealth constitutional practice based on the Westminster system is a constitutional organ which exercises executive power and (notionally) advises the governor or governor-general. Executive Councils often make decisions via Orders in Council. Executive Councillors are informally called "ministers". Some Executive Councils, especially in Canada and Australia, are chaired by a President or a Vice-President. In other Commonwealth countries there is no formal president of the Executive Council, although meetings are held in the presence of the Governor-General, Governor or President (except in rare cases) and decisions require his or her assent. These

neg: Foreign relations of India significance as it symbolised Indian solidarity with the Cuban revolution. India had been one of the first countries in the world to have recognised the new Cuban government after the Cuban Revolution. Cuba has an embassy in New Delhi, the Indian capital. Relations between India and Jamaica are generally cordial and close. There are many cultural and political connections inherited from British colonisation, such as membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, parliamentary democracy, the English language and cricket. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement, the United Nations and the Commonwealth, and Jamaica supports India's candidacy for permanent membership

neg: Brunei–Malaysia relations Brunei–Malaysia relations Brunei–Malaysia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن بروني–مليسيا) are foreign relations between Brunei and Malaysia. Brunei has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, as well as consulate-generals in Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Malaysia maintains a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries are full members of ASEAN and the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries share a land border on the island of Borneo. Relations between the two countries has been established since January 1984. Brunei and Malaysia have many similarities in culture especially in the East Malaysian areas as they were once a part of the Bruneian Empire.

neg: Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative the South Asia, East Africa, and Ghana region. Across the 52 countries of the Commonwealth, it periodically monitors the progress and rollbacks of civil and political rights with the help of research, workshops, and cooperation with other civil society networks. In 2017, the NGO consists of over 50 employees and interns, working in New Delhi, London, and Accra. The CHRI was founded in 1987 by six existing Commonwealth NGOs: the Commonwealth Lawyers Association, Commonwealth Legal Education Association, Commonwealth Journalists Association, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Commonwealth Press Union and the Commonwealth Broadcasting Association. CHRI was founded on the consensus that, while Commonwealth

neg: Sexism late 19th or early 20th century, young boys in the Western world were unbreeched and wore gowns or dresses until an age that varied between two and eight. Laws that dictate how women must dress are seen by many international human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International, as a form of gender discrimination. In many countries, women are faced with violence for failing to adhere to certain dress codes, whether by the authorities (such as the religious police), family members, or the community. Amnesty International states: The production process also faces criticism for sexist practices. In the garment industry, approximately

neg: Chancellor (education) officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth. A "director" is the chief executive officer of a university or other educational institution. Equivalent names in different countries are vice-chancellor (many Commonwealth countries), chancellor (United States), principal (Scotland and Canada), and university president. In Scotland, the principal is appointed by the university court or governing body of the university and will be chairman or president of the body of academics. In the case of the ancient universities of Scotland, the principal is president of the academic senate. The principal also holds the title of vice-chancellor, but their

neg: Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations Rwanda, they are all former British (or partly British) colonies or self-governing colonies that have evolved into republics. Most of them achieved independence while keeping the British monarch as their own individual head of state (in a form of personal union) and later became republics within the Commonwealth by abolishing the monarchy. In some instances, the countries became republics after achieving independence from other former British colonies (as Bangladesh did from Pakistan in 1971). Republics have been allowed as members of the Commonwealth since the London Declaration made on 28 April 1949. Ten days before that declaration, the Republic of

neg: Mutual exclusivity card (heart or diamond) or a black card (club or spade) will be drawn. When "A" and "B" are mutually exclusive, P("A" ∪ "B") = P("A") + P("B"). To find the probability of drawing a red card or a club, for example, add together the probability of drawing a red card and the probability of drawing a club. In a standard 52-card deck, there are twenty-six red cards and thirteen clubs: 26/52 + 13/52 = 39/52 or 3/4. One would have to draw at least two cards in order to draw both a red card and a club. The probability

neg: 52-hertz whale inspired by the whale, in which she sings "52 Hertz I'm all alone, 52 Hertz on my hydrophone". 52-hertz whale The 52-hertz whale is an individual whale of unidentified species, which calls at the very unusual frequency of 52 Hz. This pitch is a much higher frequency than that of the other whale species with migration patterns most closely resembling this whale's – the blue whale (10–39 Hz) or fin whale (20 Hz). It has been detected regularly in many locations since the late 1980s and appears to be the only individual emitting a whale call at this frequency. It

neg: Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme empower the Commonwealth Secretariat to provide incentives for upholding the core political values of the Harare Declaration: democracy, rule of law, and good governance. However, the programme also allows the Secretariat to employ bilateral and multilateral punishments against intransigent members. For serious or persistent offending countries, suspension and expulsion from the Commonwealth altogether are permitted. The programme cites an unconstitutional coup d'état against a democratically elected government as a particularly serious violation. To help monitor and enforce adherence to the Harare Declaration, Millbrook established the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG), which has the responsibility to examine cases of potential breaches

neg: Canada–South Africa relations Canada–South Africa relations Canada–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of Canada and South Africa. Both countries are former British colonies and share similar cultures in terms of sports and language. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is estimated that as of 2006 around 38,310 South Africans resided in Canada. Canada's relationship with South Africa can be traced back to 1899, when Canada sent more than 7,000 troops to support Britain in its war against Transvaal and the Free State. The two countries collaborated closely in transforming the British Empire into the Commonwealth,

neg: Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations Trinidad and Tobago–British relations are foreign relations between Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom. Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in London. The United Kingdom has a high commission in Port of Spain. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Since the independence of Trinidad & Tobago in 1962, relations between the two countries have been mostly friendly and there are many areas in which both Trinidad and Tobago and the UK seek stronger ties for mutual benefit. There are also strong cultural and social ties between the two nations.

neg: Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations is the most serious punishment that can be administered to members of the Commonwealth. In the absence of any mechanism by which to expel countries that breach its rules, the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) may choose to suspend members from the 'Councils of the Commonwealth', which amounts to the suspension of their formal membership of the organisation, although their participation in activities of the Commonwealth Family of organisations is not necessarily affected. Four countries have been suspended from the Commonwealth since the inception of the device in

neg: Commonwealth of Nations v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs", the nationals of other Commonwealth realms were held to be 'aliens'. Nevertheless, the closer association amongst Commonwealth countries is reflected at least in the diplomatic protocols of the Commonwealth countries. For example, when engaging bilaterally with one another, Commonwealth governments exchange high commissioners instead of ambassadors. Between two Commonwealth realms, they represent the head of government rather than the head of state. In addition, some members treat resident citizens of other Commonwealth countries preferentially to citizens of non-Commonwealth countries. Britain and several others, mostly in the Caribbean, grant the right to vote to

neg: Student migration for sponsoring over 40,000 Asian students to study or train in Australian higher education institutions. Funding is provided by member countries, which includes a mixture of 26 Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth countries. Since the colonial and Cold War eras, the profile of international students has made a significant shift. The way in which students travel has changed, and the majority of students seeking education abroad are now self-funded. The international student market has become an important source of revenue for local economies and many institutions rely heavily on the income brought by cross-border students. Receiving countries could benefit from qualified skilled

neg: Free trade areas in Europe expanded into southern Europe with members from the Western Balkans and Moldova. All of the new CEFTA countries, except for Moldova, are prospective members of the EU and hence EFTA is the only free trade area with a long-term future, as there are no immediate plans for these countries to change their present status. However, CEFTA may gain new members in the form of countries neighbouring the present EU. The Commonwealth of Independent States had been negotiating a CIS free trade area since 1994 and in 2011 eight countries agreed to create a free trade area. These are; Russia, Ukraine,

neg: Hansard corrections. Members are provided draft copies of their speeches at the same time that the speeches are first published on the Parliament website. Members can request correction of inadvertent factual inaccuracies but they are unable to significantly change what they said in the House. The European Parliament has its verbatim report of proceedings of the plenary sessions, often referred to by its name in French (CRE). It is eventually available in nearly all of the Union's languages. Hansard Hansard is the traditional name of the transcripts of Parliamentary Debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries. It is named after Thomas

neg: Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung A Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (, abbreviated GmbH and also GesmbH in Austria) is a type of legal entity very common in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société à responsabilité limitée) and Liechtenstein. It is an entity broadly equivalent with the private limited company in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries, and the limited liability company (LLC) in the United States. The name of the GmbH form emphasizes the fact that the owners ("Gesellschafter", also known as members) of the entity are not personally liable or credible for the company's debts.

neg: Scout leader "master" picked up old-fashioned connotations, it was replaced by other terms such as "Scout Leader" or "Scouter" in many Commonwealth countries, following The Scout Association in the United Kingdom. In Scouts Australia, all five sections have a Leader, although a Joey Leader has a much more driving role than a Venturer Leader, who should be standing back and assisting the elected Unit Chair. Rover Leaders stepped back during the 1970s, becoming Rover Advisors, the responsibility for the Crew passing to the elected Crew Leader. There are several different types of Leader in Australia, all of them (and all members of

neg: Tsetse fly The tsetse fly lives in nearly in sub-Saharan Africa (mostly wet tropical forest) and many parts of this large area is fertile land that is left uncultivated—a so-called green desert not used by humans and cattle. Most of the 37 countries infested with tsetse are poor, debt-ridden, and underdeveloped. Of the 39 tsetse-infested countries, 32 are low-income, food-deficit countries, 29 are least developed countries, and 30 are among the 40 most heavily indebted poor countries. Eradicating the tsetse and trypanosomiasis (T&T) problem would allow rural Africans to use these areas for animal husbandry or the cultivation of crops, and hence

neg: Nursing management and that all the patients on the unit are receiving adequate care. He or she is typically the frontline management in most nursing units. Some charge nurses are permanent members of the nursing management team and are called shift supervisors. The term for a female charge nurse was traditionally a nursing sister (or just sister), and this term is still commonly used in some countries (such as the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries). Nursing management Nursing management consists of the performance of the leadership functions of governance and decision-making within organizations employing nurses. It includes processes common to all

neg: Williams v Commonwealth spend money on any subject matter that corresponded to a head of Commonwealth legislative power, as identified in sections 51, 52 and 122 of the Constitution. The other members of the majority (Justices Hayne and Kiefel) did not reach a final view about the narrower submission; their conclusion was that, even if the submission was correct, no head of Commonwealth legislative power supported the Commonwealth's entry into the funding agreement or the making of payments under that agreement. In relation to Question 3, which concerned whether the drawing of money for the purposes of the funding agreement was authorised by

neg: Commonwealth Fencing Federation Commonwealth Fencing Federation The Commonwealth Fencing Federation is the governing body recognised by the Commonwealth Games Federation as being responsible for the running of competitions in the sport of fencing within the Commonwealth member states. The federation was formed when fencing ceased to be a core sport within the Commonwealth Games after the 1970 event. It was previously known as the Empire Fencing Federation, which was formed in 1950. The Federation oversees the running of the following tournaments The following countries are recognised by the CFF as members and are able to compete at Commonwealth tournaments The role of president

neg: GCE Advanced Level schools as an alternative school-leaving qualification in place of the Scottish Advanced Higher. The five main examination boards which administer British A Levels in the UK are: Edexcel and Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) also offer international versions of the British A Levels in the United Kingdom and worldwide. The British variant of A/AS levels are also taken in many Commonwealth and former Commonwealth countries, as well as in examination centres worldwide. British international schools in foreign countries generally offer the British A Levels as offered through Edexcel or Cambridge International Examinations. At select examination centres, the British A Level exams

neg: 2010 Sangin airstrike the streets in Kabul protesting the killing of civilians by foreign troops, carrying photos of those who died in the airstrike. The Karzai government sent investigators to the scene of the incident, who concluded that 39 civilians were killed in the rocket strike, lower than the initially reported 45-52. According to their investigation all 39 dead are women or children. 2010 Sangin airstrike The 2010 Sangin airstrike refers to the killing of a large number of Afghan civilians, many of whom were women and children, in the village of Sangin in Helmand province, Afghanistan on July 23, 2010. Early reports

neg: Commonwealth Karate Championships of India. The 9th Commonwealth Karate Championships will be held at Durban, South Africa, Durban, South Africa 29 November to 2 December 2018 – It will be hosted by Karate South Africa. Commonwealth Karate Championships The Commonwealth Karate Championships is an event that is organised by the Commonwealth Karate Federation, which aims to demonstrate that competition karate is suitable for inclusion in the Commonwealth Games. The karate federations of Commonwealth countries are invited to send their national squads to participate in the elite competition, provided that they are members of the World Karate Federation. This was expanded in Edinburgh 2008,

neg: Grandevent and 29 teenagers or 14.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 15 people or 7.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 29 people or 14.3% are between 30 and 39, 39 people or 19.2% are between 40 and 49, and 29 people or 14.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 23 people or 11.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 13 people or 6.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 4 people or 2.0% who are between 80 and 89. , there were 52

neg: Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of appeal to the Privy Council. Many of those Commonwealth countries that became republics, or which had indigenous monarchies, preserved the Judicial Committee's jurisdiction by agreement with the United Kingdom. However, retention of a right of appeal to a court located overseas, made up mostly of British judges who may be out of tune with local values, has often come to be seen as incompatible with notions of an independent nation's sovereign status, and so a number of Commonwealth members have ended the right of appeal from their jurisdiction. The Balfour Declaration of 1926, while not considered to be "lex

neg: Commonwealth of Nations communication, and respect the wishes of the general population with regard to Commonwealth membership. These requirements had undergone review, and a report on potential amendments was presented by the Committee on Commonwealth Membership at the 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. New members were not admitted at this meeting, though applications for admission were considered at the 2009 CHOGM. New members must "as a general rule" have a direct constitutional link to an existing member. In most cases, this is due to being a former colony of the United Kingdom, but some have links to other countries, either exclusively or

neg: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth mostly Catholic or Eastern Orthodox ("Pic. 3, 13"). However, many families quickly adopted the Reformed religion. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the szlachta became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Catholicism was not a majority religion (the Catholic and Orthodox churches counted approximately 40% of the population each, while the remaining 20% were Jews and members of various Protestant churches). The Crown had about double the population of Lithuania and five times the income of the latter's treasury. As with other countries, the borders, area and population of the Commonwealth varied over time.

neg: Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations not across it – to simplify administration. In this case, the westernmost point is on Banaba Island, in Kiribati, at 169°32'13"E. The easternmost point is on Niue, a state free association with New Zealand, at 169°52'11"W. Including only territories that are themselves directly members of the Commonwealth, the westernmost point would be on Vatoa, Fiji, at 178°15'W. The highest point in the Commonwealth by elevation above sea level is the summit of K2, which lies at 35°52′57″N 76°30′48″E, on the border between Pakistan and China. At , it is the world’s second-tallest mountain. The most-prominent peak in the Commonwealth is

neg: Blasphemous libel code, or criminal statute in various countries. Blasphemy laws are incompatible with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In July, 2011, the UN Human Rights Committee released a 52-paragraph statement, General Comment 34 on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976, concerning freedoms of opinion and expression. Paragraph 48 states: In both Canada and New Zealand, under their respective legislation, it was not blasphemous libel to express in good faith any opinion on a religious subject. Blasphemous libel remains an offence in some Australian states and territories, although the Commonwealth and some states and territories

neg: Attelwil are between 20 and 29 years old. 36 people or 12.2% are between 30 and 39, 47 people or 16.0% are between 40 and 49, and 52 people or 17.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 23 people or 7.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 13 people or 4.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 15 people or 5.1% who are between 80 and 89. , there were 4 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 39 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 64

neg: Miglieglia -5.3%. The age distribution, , in Miglieglia is; 39 children or 14.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 19 teenagers or 7.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 16 people or 5.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 46 people or 16.8% are between 30 and 39, 52 people or 19.0% are between 40 and 49, and 32 people or 11.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 31 people or 11.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 30 people or

neg: Division of the assembly largest party, followed by any independent members and any members wishing to cross the floor. A member of the party (usually a whip) will respond to their party's name by stating how many members of the party are in favour or opposed. The Clerk tallies up the votes and gives the results to the Speaker, who declares the result. A "split party vote" is a variation of the party vote, used for some conscience issues. The main difference is voting members state how many members of their party are in favour and how many members are opposed, and once the

neg: Cronay or 97.1%) as their first language, with German being second most common (4 or 1.3%) and Italian being third (2 or 0.6%). The age distribution, , in Cronay is; 20 children or 6.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 41 teenagers or 13.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 39 people or 12.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 33 people or 10.7% are between 30 and 39, 52 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 48 people or 15.6% are between 50 and 59. The

neg: Victoria League Victoria League The Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship (1901–present) is a voluntary charitable organisation which connects people from Commonwealth countries. There are currently branches in the UK, Australia and New Zealand with affiliated organisations in Canada and the USA. The Victoria League in the UK had about 500 members in Britain in 2000 and their patron is Queen Elizabeth II. It is one of more than 80 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that promote cooperation and peace within the Commonwealth of Nations. Overseas branches are autonomous, operating within their own countries regulations; however they all share the same history of birth. The

neg: Victoria League cordial. Victoria League The Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship (1901–present) is a voluntary charitable organisation which connects people from Commonwealth countries. There are currently branches in the UK, Australia and New Zealand with affiliated organisations in Canada and the USA. The Victoria League in the UK had about 500 members in Britain in 2000 and their patron is Queen Elizabeth II. It is one of more than 80 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that promote cooperation and peace within the Commonwealth of Nations. Overseas branches are autonomous, operating within their own countries regulations; however they all share the same history of birth.

neg: Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence deal of embarrassment. In the Commonwealth context, too, Britain knew that simply granting independence to Southern Rhodesia was out of the question as many of the Afro-Asian countries were also Commonwealth members. Statehood for Salisbury without majority rule would split the Commonwealth and perhaps cause it to break up, a disastrous prospect for British foreign policy. The Commonwealth repeatedly called on Britain to intervene directly should Southern Rhodesian defiance continue, while liberals in Britain worried that if left unchecked Salisbury might drift towards South African-style apartheid. Anxious to avoid having to choose between Southern Rhodesia and the Commonwealth, Whitehall attempted

neg: Lampenberg represents a population growth rate of -0.4%. The age distribution, , in Lampenberg is; 39 children or 7.7% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 69 teenagers or 13.6% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 52 people or 10.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 57 people or 11.2% are between 30 and 39, 83 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 120 people or 23.7% are between 50 and 64. The senior population distribution is 67 people or 13.2% of the population are between 65 and