query: when was oil discovered in the north sea

pos: North Sea oil the shores of the North Sea dates back to 1851, when James Young retorted oil from torbanite (boghead coal, or oil shale) mined in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Across the sea in Germany, oil was found in the Wietze field near Hanover in 1859, leading to the discovery of seventy more fields, mostly in Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs, producing a combined total of around 1340 m³ (8,400 barrels) per day. Gas was found by chance in a water well near Hamburg in 1910, leading to minor gas discoveries in Zechstein dolomites elsewhere in Germany. In England, BP discovered

neg: North Sea oil the discovery of the giant Forties Oil Field in October 1970. The following year, Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in Scotland and the Petronord Group discovered the Frigg gas field. The Piper oilfield was discovered in 1973 and the Statfjord Field and the Ninian Field in 1974, with the Ninian reservoir consisting of Middle Jurassic sandstones at a depth of 3000 m subsea in a "westward tilted horst block". Off shore production, like that of the North Sea, became more economical after the 1973 oil crisis caused the world oil

neg: North Sea oil which was discovered in 2010, with further oil of the same field was discovered the next year. Total reserves of the field are estimated at 1.7 to 3.3 billion barrels of gross recoverable oil and Johan Sverdrup is expected to produce 120,000 to 200,000 barrels of oil per day. Production start is planned to happen in 2018. It is one of the largest discoveries made in the Norwegian Continental Shelf. , the North Sea was the world's most active offshore drilling region with 173 active rigs drilling. By May 2016, the North Sea oil&gas industry was financially stressed by the

neg: Energy in Norway Sea. Exploration started on July 19, 1966, when Ocean Traveller drilled its first hole. Initial exploration was fruitless, until Ocean Viking found oil on August 21, 1969. By the end of 1969, it was clear that there were large oil and gas reserves in the North Sea. The first oil field was Ekofisk, which produced 427,442 barrels of crude in 1980. Subsequently, large natural gas reserves have also been discovered and it was specifically this huge amount of oil found in the North Sea that made Norway’s separate path outside the EU possible. Against the backdrop of the 1972 Norwegian

neg: North Sea oil came onstream in May 1967. Licensing regulations for Dutch waters were not finalised until 1967. The situation was transformed in December 1969, when Phillips Petroleum discovered oil in Chalk of Danian age at Ekofisk, in Norwegian waters in the central North Sea. The same month, Amoco discovered the Montrose Field about east of Aberdeen. BP had been awarded several licences in the area in the second licensing round late in 1965, but had been reluctant to work on them. The discovery of Ekofisk prompted them to drill what turned out to be a dry hole in May 1970, followed by

neg: Piper oilfield drilling and production. Piper Alpha was the site of one of the world's worst oil platform disasters when it was destroyed by an explosion in 1988, with the loss of 167 lives. Piper Bravo was installed in 1992. Talisman Energy acquired a controlling interest in 2000. Occidental Petroleum Corp., Getty Oil (Britain) Ltd., Thomson North Sea Ltd., and Allied Chemical (North Sea) Ltd., that later transformed into the OPCAL joint venture, obtained an oil exploration licence in 1972 and discovered the Piper oilfield in early 1973 after seismically mapping the area. Oil production started in 1976 with about increasing to

neg: Economic history of Scotland Since the Second World War, the economy has been fully integrated into the overall British economy, with the most distinctive feature being the discovery of oil offshore in the North Sea. The oil brought new wealth and new people to the most isolated areas. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 was an initial sign that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland the following year. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore)

neg: North Sea oil that produces from Lower to Middle Jurassic sandstone formations within a fault block. The Snohvit Gas Field and the Draugen oil field were discovered in 1984. The Heidrun oil field was discovered in 1985. The largest UK field discovered in the past 25 years is Buzzard, also located off Scotland, found in June 2001 with producible reserves of almost 64×10 m³ (400m bbl) and an average output of 28,600 m³ to 30,200 m³ (180,000-220,000 bbl) per day. The largest field found in the past five years on the Norwegian part of the North Sea, is the Johan Sverdrup oil field

neg: Economy of Scotland North Sea oil transforming the Scottish economy. Oil was discovered in the North Sea in 1966, with the first year of full production taking place in 1976. With the growth of oil exploration during that time, as well as the ancillary industries needed to support it, the city of Aberdeen became the UK's centre of the North Sea Oil Industry, with the port and harbour serving many oil fields off shore. Sullom Voe in Shetland is the site of a major oil terminal, where oil is piped in and transferred to tankers. Similarly the Flotta Oil Terminal in Orkney is

neg: Sullom Voe airbase were upgraded and modernised to create Scatsta Airport which is primarily used to service the terminal. The first crude oil was discovered in the North Sea in 1969, and soon thereafter construction began on the oil terminal at Sullom Voe, north east of the village of Brae, which became operational in 1975 and was completed in 1982, becoming the largest in Europe. Oil flows via pipeline from the Brent and Ninian oil fields to be loaded onto tankers at Sullom Voe. It has recently begun to serve North Atlantic oil fields as well. When Shetland was identified as a

neg: Scotland in the modern era discovery and development of North Sea oil and gas and partly as Scotland moved towards a more service-based economy. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 signalled that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in 1971. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore) in June 1975, followed by Forties in November of that year. Deindustrialisation took place rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, as most of the traditional industries drastically shrank or

neg: Matt Linning around $1bn per year. "Sea Quest" discovered the Forties oil field on 7 October 1970; the vessel had also discovered the first North Sea oil field on 14 September 1969; "Sea Quest" had a significant effect on the UK economy. The Forties field is around 110 miles east of Aberdeen. During 1971 and 1972 BP drilled to a depth of 7,000 feet, and estimated the field to contain around 1.8 billion barrels of oil. He joined BP in 1969, and was made responsible for expansion at Llandarcy oil refinery, the UK's first oil refinery. He became head of the BP

neg: Ekofisk oil field Ekofisk oil field Ekofisk is an oil field in block 2/4 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea about southwest of Stavanger. Discovered in 1969 by Phillips Petroleum Company, it remains one of the most important oil fields in the North Sea. This was the first discovery of oil after the drilling of over 200 exploration wells in the North Sea "triggered" by the Groningen gas field discovery. In 1971, Phillips started producing directly to tankers from four subsea wells. Oil production is planned to continue until at least 2050. Ekofisk reservoir consists of Cod, Ekofisk, West Ekofisk, Tor,

neg: Sea Quest 1977, "Sea Quest" was sold to Sedco (now part of Transocean) and renamed "Sedco 135C". She was towed to the west coast of Africa. On 17 January 1980, while drilling in the Warri area, Nigeria, a blowout occurred and the rig sustained extensive fire damage. The rig was then deliberately sunk in deep water. Sea Quest The Sea Quest was a semi-submersible drilling rig. She discovered the UK's first North Sea oil on 14 September 1969 in the Arbroath Field. She also discovered the first giant oil field named Forties on 7 October 1970. The "Sea Quest" was built by

neg: Sea Quest Sea Quest The Sea Quest was a semi-submersible drilling rig. She discovered the UK's first North Sea oil on 14 September 1969 in the Arbroath Field. She also discovered the first giant oil field named Forties on 7 October 1970. The "Sea Quest" was built by Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff for BP at a cost of £3.5 million and launched on 8 January 1966. The entire structure was high and weighed 150,000 tons, including three legs each in diameter and long that could be partially filled with water to control the height of the platform above the sea. In

neg: Thistle oil field Thistle oil field The Thistle oil field is a large oil field in the Northern sector of the North Sea. The oil field, discovered in September 1972 by Signal Oil and Gas Company, is produced over the Thistle Alpha platform, located 125 nautical miles Northeast of Sumburgh, Shetland Islands and 275 nautical miles Northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland. Licence P236 was awarded as part of the UKCS fourth round in 1972, and the first well on the site was drilled and completed in July 1973 when the Thistle oil field was confirmed as a commercial discovery. The oil field is estimated

neg: Tambar oil field Tambar oil field Tambar () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula and Gyda fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1983 and came online in 2001. Tambar was discovered in 1983 and became operational in July 2001. It contains confirmed 46.9 million m of oil. BP is the operator of the field with 55% of interest in the project. BP's partner DONG Energy holds 45% of interest. The sea depth at Tambar

neg: Harding oilfield Harding oilfield The Harding oilfield is a small oil field operated by TAQA, in the North Sea block 9/23b, approximately North-East of Aberdeen and in of water. The field was discovered in 1987, when oil was found in Eocene at a depth of . It was originally named the "Forth" field, but was renamed in 1993 in memory of David Harding who was Chief Executive of BP Exploration's UK operations during the field appraisal. The abundance of naphthenic acid in the oil however made the development unattractive at the time. The crude is heavy and naphthenic and is generally of

neg: North Sea oil suites and supercomputing to handle the flood of computation required). The Gullfaks oil field was discovered in 1978. The Snorre Field was discovered in 1979, producing from the Triassic Lunde Formation and the Triassic-Jurassic Statfjord Formation, both fluvial sandstones in a mudstone matrix. The Oseberg oil field and Troll gas field were also discovered in 1979. The Miller oilfield was discovered in 1983. The Alba Field produces from sandstones in the middle Eocene Alba Formation at 1860 m subsea and was discovered in 1984 in UKCS Block 16/26. The Smorbukk Field was discovered in 1984 in 250–300 m of water

neg: North Sea oil price to quadruple, followed by the 1979 oil crisis, causing another tripling in the oil price. Oil production started from the Argyll & Duncan Oilfields (now the Ardmore) in June 1975 followed by Forties Oil Field in November of that year. The inner Moray Firth Beatrice Field, a Jurassic sandstone/shale reservoir 1829 m deep in a "fault-bounded anticlinal trap", was discovered in 1976 with well 11/30-1, drilled by the Mesa Petroleum Group (named after T. Boone Pickens' wife Bea, "the only oil field in the North Sea named for a woman") in 49 m of water. Volatile weather conditions in

neg: Statfjord oil field safety authority. The accident happened in rough weather while the tanker "Navion Britannica" was loading oil from a storage buoy, according to the operator Equinor. Statfjord oil field The Statfjord oil field is an enormous oil and gas field covering 580 km in the U.K.-Norwegian boundary of the North Sea at a water depth of 145 m, discovered in 1974 by Mobil and since 1987 operated by Statoil. It is a trans-median field crossing the Norwegian and UK North Sea Boundary with approximately 15% being in the UK Continental Shelf waters. At peak production it produced over of oil per

neg: Timor Sea Timor Sea The Timor Sea (; ; or "Tasi Timór") is a relatively shallow sea bounded to the north by the island of Timor, to the east by the Arafura Sea, to the south by Australia. The sea contains a number of reefs, uninhabited islands and significant hydrocarbon reserves. International disputes emerged after the reserves were discovered resulting in the signing of the Timor Sea Treaty. The Timor Sea was hit by the worst oil spill for 25 years in 2009. It is possible that Australia's first inhabitants crossed the Timor Sea from Indonesia at a time when sea levels

neg: North Sea continue to be exploited today. Offshore test drilling began in 1966 and then, in 1969, Phillips Petroleum Company discovered the Ekofisk oil field distinguished by valuable, low-sulphur oil. Commercial exploitation began in 1971 with tankers and, after 1975, by a pipeline, first to Teesside, England and then, after 1977, also to Emden, Germany. The exploitation of the North Sea oil reserves began just before the 1973 oil crisis, and the climb of international oil prices made the large investments needed for extraction much more attractive. Although the production costs are relatively high, the quality of the oil, the political stability

neg: Statfjord oil field it wasn't until the April 1974 Mobil well 33/12-1, on the Norwegian side, that oil was discovered in 160 m of Brent Formation. A second well "established an oil-water contact at 2584 m subsea" and a third well discovered a 127 m oil column in the Statfjord Formation with an oil-water contact 2806 m subsea. In December 2007, thousands of tonnes of oil were spilled into the North Sea during the loading of a tanker at the Statfjord oil field. The spill, estimated at 21,750 barrels (approx 3,000 metric tons), was the country's second largest ever, according to Norway's oil

neg: Forties Oil Field sandstone. Four appraisal wells drilled during 1971–1972 revealed a large reservoir at a depth of about and closure of 155 m. So marked the first and largest major oil field discovery in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea. Oil had previously been discovered at the Ekofisk field. Named Forties because it lay just off the Long Forties Bank, the field began producing oil in September 1975 and was officially inaugurated by Her Majesty on 3 November 1975. When the project was completed, 400,000 barrels of crude was initially expected to be siphoned off each day and exported through

neg: Statfjord oil field Statfjord oil field The Statfjord oil field is an enormous oil and gas field covering 580 km in the U.K.-Norwegian boundary of the North Sea at a water depth of 145 m, discovered in 1974 by Mobil and since 1987 operated by Statoil. It is a trans-median field crossing the Norwegian and UK North Sea Boundary with approximately 15% being in the UK Continental Shelf waters. At peak production it produced over of oil per day. Oil is loaded offshore and taken directly to refineries; gas is transported via the Statpipe pipeline to mainland Norway. The Statfjord field has three

neg: Forties Oil Field Forties Oil Field The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the UK sector of the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. BP had made the announcement to the press on 7 October 1970, that oil had been struck east-northeast of Aberdeen in of water. Production is from the Paleocene Forties Formation sandstones over a 90 km area making it a "giant oil field". BP's semi-submersible drilling rig "Sea Quest" hit crude oil at in the Upper Tertiary

neg: Oseberg oil field Oseberg oil field Oseberg () is an offshore oil field with a gas cap in the North Sea located northwest of the city of Bergen on the southwestern coast of Norway. The field, which is 25 km long by 7 km wide, was discovered in 1979 and its development is known to be one of the significant milestones in emergence of Norway's independent oil and gas industry. The Oseberg field was named after Oseberg ship, one of Norway's most significant archeological discoveries. The ancient Viking ship from the early 9th century was discovered in a 1904 historical excavation of a

neg: Tambar oil field operated by BP. BP holds 46.2%, while DONG Energyholds 43.24%, Talisman Energy - 9.76%, Norske AEDC AS (NAEDC) - 0.8%. Tambar oil field Tambar () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula and Gyda fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1983 and came online in 2001. Tambar was discovered in 1983 and became operational in July 2001. It contains confirmed 46.9 million m of oil. BP is the operator of the field

neg: Alaska North Slope Alaska North Slope The Alaska North Slope is the region of the U.S. state of Alaska located on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea being on the western side of Point Barrow, and the Beaufort Sea on the eastern. The Alaska North Slope region includes the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, with the bulk of Alaska's known petroleum until the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field was discovered in 1968, followed by the Kuparuk River oil field in 1969. The region also includes the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which

neg: Stavanger was first discovered in the North Sea. After much discussion, Stavanger was chosen to be the on-shore center for the oil industry on the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, and a period of hectic growth followed. In March 1965 an agreement was signed between Norway and the United Kingdom on the sharing of the continental shelf by the median line principle. That same year a similar agreement was signed between Norway and Denmark. It was designed as a legal regime for oil exploration. The first licensing round on the Norwegian shelf was announced on 13 April 1965, and in

neg: Heidrun oil field Heidrun oil field The Heidrun oil field is an oil and gas field discovered in 1985 in the Norwegian sector of the Norwegian Sea, named after the goat Heiðrún from Norse mythology. The field lies north of Kristiansund. It has produced oil and gas since October 1995. In 2013, it produced 65,000 bbl of oil per day and 760 million cubic meters of natural gas. The crude oil is characterized as being naphthenic with 25.0 API (0.9043 g/cm), 0.52% sulfur, and a high TAN (Total Acid Number) of 2.90. The Heidrun field is located on Haltenbanken in the Norwegian Sea

neg: The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) The blob (Chukchi Sea algae) The blob was the name given to a large black algae bloom that was first spotted floating in the Chukchi Sea between the Alaskan cities of Wainwright and Utqiaġvik in July 2009. The mass was first discovered by a civilian boat from Wainwright, and was reported to the U.S. Coast Guard for concerns that it could've been an oil spill. Analysis of samples taken by the North Slope Borough government and sent to a lab in Anchorage determined that it was a type of marine alga. The mass was discovered floating in the Chukchi Sea,

neg: Northstar Island to prevent problems with the unique undersea pipeline employed by the project in the Beaufort Sea. Northstar Island Northstar Island is a artificial island in the Beaufort Sea, northwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and north of the Alaska coast. The island was created to develop the Northstar Oil Pool, which is located approximately below the seabed. The oil pool was discovered on January 30, 1984 by Royal Dutch Shell. A small artificial island was built at the site to house an exploration oil well. After additional exploration, Alaska International Construction began construction of the island in the winter of 1999–2000.

neg: Tyulenovo found at the tourist center in the village of Balgarevo where recently discovered artifacts from the Durankulak Eneolithic settlement, belonging to one of the world's earliest civilizations, are also on display. Tyulenovo is also famous for the fact that on 31 May 1951 the first oil field in Bulgaria, the so-called Tyulenovo oil field, was discovered here. Lots of oil drills are still widespread in the vicinity. Tyulenovo Tyulenovo (, historically , ) is a village and seaside resort on the north Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, part of Shabla Municipality, Dobrich Province. "Tyulenovo" means "Village of seals" in Bulgarian, but

neg: Lundin Petroleum at that time. Lundin Petroleum's main producing field is the Edvard Grieg oil field, located in PL338 on the Utsira High in the central North Sea. The Edvard Grieg field was discovered in 2007 and started production in November 2015. The second largest production hub is the Alvheim area, located in the central part of the North Sea, and production from the fields in this hub started in 2008, 2010 and 2015. Lundin Petroleum has a 22.6 percent working interest in the Johan Sverdrup oil field development project. The first phase of the development is expected to start production in

neg: Daryl Seaman in Canada. Bow Valley's largest discovery came in early 1975 when they struck oil in the North Sea off the coast of Scotland. Wanting to expand internationally, Seaman had in April 1971 acquired Syracuse Oil Company, a British company run by Angus MacKenzie. Joining with two Norwegian companies Bow Valley constructed the semi-submersible it named the "Odin Drill". Bow Valley was third in line drilling in the region, and both previous companies' wells had come up dry. Beginning drilling in September 1974 and taking eight months, Bow Valley discovered a massive field which flowed 22,000 barrels a day. Named the

neg: Maritime history of the United Kingdom and could carry 1,950 tons of oil. By 1961 the typical tanker was around 80,000 tons which grew to over 100,000 tons by 1967 and to over 250,000 tons by 1973. By 1965 BP had 170 tankers. The gas fields in the North Sea have been in production since the 1960s while oil was discovered off Scotland in 1975. This led to the development of several support bases in Scotland. Platform construction has declined since 1985. The imminent decline of North Sea gas has led to the construction of liquid gas tankers and import facilities at Milford Haven. There have

neg: Easington Gas Terminal Terminal opened in March 1967. This was the first time that North Sea Gas had been brought ashore in the UK from the West Sole field. In 1980 British Gas purchased the field Rough and in 1983 began conversion to a storage field. BP Dimlington opened in October 1988. BP's Ravenspurn North field was added in 1990 and the Johnston field was added in 1994. The Easington Catchment Area was added in 2000, and the Juno development in 2003. Britain's first oil rig, the Sea Gem, first discovered gas in the North Sea on 20 August 1965. It was not

neg: Tengiz Field Tengiz Field Tengiz field (Tengiz is Turkic for "sea") is an oil field located in northwestern Kazakhstan's low-lying wetlands along the northeast shores of the Caspian Sea. It covers a project license area which also includes a smaller Korolev field as well as several exploratory prospects. Sizewise, Tengiz reservoir is wide and long Discovered in 1979, Tengiz oil field is one of the largest discoveries in recent history. The city of Atyrau, north of Tengiz, is the main transport hub of Tengiz oil. Many nations are involved in a large geopolitical competition to secure access to this source of oil.

neg: Ventura County, California The well struck oil at 2558 feet (780 m) but was destroyed when it went wild. Other wells met a similar fate, until 1916, when a deal was struck with the Shell Oil Company. 1916 was the year the large South Mountain Oil Field was discovered, and other deals followed with General Petroleum in 1917 and Associated Oil Company in 1920. At its peak, the largest oil field in the county, the Ventura Avenue oilfield, discovered in 1919 in the hills north of Ventura, was producing of oil a day, with annual production of over a million and a half

neg: History of Scotland more service-based economy. The discovery of the giant Forties oilfield in October 1970 signalled that Scotland was about to become a major oil producing nation, a view confirmed when Shell Expro discovered the giant Brent oilfield in the northern North Sea east of Shetland in 1971. Oil production started from the Argyll field (now Ardmore) in June 1975, followed by Forties in November of that year. Deindustrialisation took place rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, as most of the traditional industries drastically shrank or were completely closed down. A new service-oriented economy emerged to replace traditional heavy industries. This included

neg: Tullow Oil Tullow Oil Tullow Oil plc is a multinational oil and gas exploration company founded in Tullow, Ireland with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It has interests in over 150 licenses across 25 countries with 67 producing fields and in 2012 produced on average 79,200 barrels of oil equivalent per day. Its largest activities are in Africa and the Atlantic Margins, where it has discovered new oil provinces in Ghana, Uganda, Kenya and French Guiana. Tullow's main production comes from six countries in Africa as well as the Southern North Sea and Asia. Ghana's offshore Jubilee oil field which was

neg: Gyda Oil Field production license was extended to 2018. Several new wells are currently being drilled. The produced oil is transported by a pipeline to Ekofisk oil field and on to Teesside for refining. Gyda Oil Field Gyda () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Gyda field was discovered in 1980 and started producing on June 21, 1990. The field contains confirmed 39.6 million m of oil and 6.6

neg: Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom oil at Hardstoft in Derbyshire. The country’s oil resources were nationalised by the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934, and a fresh attempt was made to find oil on the UK mainland. The outbreak of World War II accelerated this search and led to a number of wells being drilled, primarily around Eakring in the East Midlands. In the 1950s, the focus turned to southern England where oil was discovered in the Triassic Sherwood Sands formation at , followed by the development of the Wytch Farm oilfield. The link between onshore and offshore oil in the North Sea was made after the

neg: Newmont Mining Corporation a mining company with its first gold product in by acquiring California's Empire Star Mine. By 1939, Newmont was operating 12 gold mines in North America. The company acquired interests overseas. For decades around the middle of the 20th century, Newmont had a controlling interest in the Tsumeb mine in Namibia and in the O'Okiep Copper Company in Namaqualand, South Africa. Beginning in 1925, Newmont acquired interests in a Texas oil field. Eventually, Newmont's oil interests included more than 70 blocks in the Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico area and oil and gas production in the North Sea. Newmont discovered the

neg: Terror of the Zygons planet was destroyed. The Fourth Doctor, Sarah Jane Smith and Harry Sullivan arrive via the TARDIS in Scotland near the North Sea where Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and U.N.I.T. are investigating the destruction of oil rigs. The survivors' assertion that the rigs were destroyed by a huge sea creature is corroborated by giant teeth marks in the wreckage. During their investigation, Harry is captured by the Zygons, a shape-shifting alien race hiding in their submerged spacecraft. Their leader, Broton, tells Harry that their spaceship had sustained damage and landed on Earth centuries ago to await rescue, but when they discovered that their

neg: Hutton oilfield the Cromarty Firth, Scotland. The North West Hutton field is located 130km north-east of the Shetland Islands in Block 211/27a in the UK North Sea. The water depth is 143m. The field was discovered in 1975 by the Amoco Group and the installation was operated by Amoco (UK) Exploration Company, the field had total estimated reserves of 487 million barrels of oil equivalent (boe). The North West Hutton steel jacket platform was installed in 1981 and production began in 1983. The topsides were designed by McDermot Engineering. The plant had a capacity of 50,000 barrels of oil per day and

neg: Lundin Petroleum holds over 60 licences. The majority are exploration licences and about ten percent are producing fields. Core areas are the Utsira High and Alvheim in the North Sea and the Loppa High in the southern Barents Sea. In 2010, Lundin Petroleum discovered the Johan Sverdrup oil field, one of the largest oil discoveries ever made on the Norwegian continental shelf. Resources are estimated to between 2.0 and 3.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent. At peak production level, gross production from Johan Sverdrup is expected to be over 660,000 bopd which will represent around 25 percent of all Norwegian petroleum production

neg: Shengli Oil Field Shengli Oil Field The Shengli Oil Field () is the second-largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, with daily production of approximately . It is located in the Yellow River delta, in the north of Shandong province bordering Bohai Sea. Its main working area covers 28 counties under the jurisdiction of eight prefecture level cities in Shandong Province, namely Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Weifang, Zibo, Liaocheng and Yantai. The major production area lies on both sides of the Yellow River Mouth. The field was discovered in 1961 and its development began in 1964. It has accumulated proven oil

neg: 1980s oil glut Oil Field entered peak production, supplying 2 million bpd of crude oil in 1988, 25 percent of all U.S. oil production. Phillips Petroleum discovered oil in the Chalk Group at Ekofisk, in Norwegian waters in the central North Sea. Discoveries increased exponentially in the 1970s and 1980s, and new fields were developed throughout the continental shelf. From 1980 to 1986, OPEC decreased oil production several times and nearly in half, in an attempt to maintain oil's high prices. However, it failed to hold on to its preeminent position, and by 1981, its production was surpassed by non-OPEC countries. OPEC had

neg: Forties Oil Field the field and found a further , extending the field's life by at least twenty years, making the investment by Apache a very profitable one. Although they lost out on producing the additional reserves directly, retaining the Forties pipeline system allows BP to profit from Apache's exploration investments without needing to invest anything itself. Forties Oil Field The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the UK sector of the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. BP had

neg: Blane oil field Blane oil field Blane () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian and northern British sectors of North Sea. The Blane facilities are located on the British continental shelf and are tied to the Ula field which is located to the northeast via subsea pipeline. The field was discovered in 1989 and produces high quality oil. Talisman Energy (UK) Limited is the operator with 25.002% of interest in the project. Other partners include Roc Oil Company Limited (12.501%), MOC Exploration (UK) (13.994%), Eni UK Limited (13.897%), Eni ULX Limited (4.105%), Dana Petroleum (BVUK) Limited (12.501%), Talisman Energy

neg: North Sea Shelf established country rights largely divided along the median line. The median line is defined as the line "every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured." The ocean floor border between Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark was only reapportioned after protracted negotiations and a judgement of the International Court of Justice. As early as 1859, oil was discovered in onshore areas around the North Sea and natural gas as early as 1910. Onshore resources, for example the K12-B field in the Netherlands

neg: Gulf Canada the North Sea, Indonesia, and Australia; Consumer's Gas Company Ltd., a major gas distribution utility; and the largest ownership stake in Interprovincial Pipeline Ltd.. In a complex battle of hostile takeover attempts, "white knight" defenses, and legal action involving GCC, HWR, Allied Lyons, Elders IXL, and TransCanada Pipelines on three continents, GCC was ultimately successful in purchasing HWR. HWR's liquor distillation business was later sold to Allied Lyons. In 1986, GCC discovered the largest oil field then discovered in the Beaufort Sea and a few months later shut its operations there because of the high cost of operating in the

neg: Gyda Oil Field Gyda Oil Field Gyda () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Ula, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Gyda field was discovered in 1980 and started producing on June 21, 1990. The field contains confirmed 39.6 million m of oil and 6.6 billion cubic meter of natural gas. Talisman Energy is the operator of the field with 61% of interest in the project. The full share was bought by Talisman Energy in 2003

neg: Oselvar oil field Oselvar oil field Oselvar () is an offshore oil field located southwest of Stavanger in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea, close to the British border. Oselvar was discovered in 1991. The field is also at distance from Ula field to which it is tied up to via subsea pipeline. Estimated reserves at Oselvar stand at 38 million barrels of oil and of natural gas. The water depth at location is . Dong Energy is the operator of the field with 40% of interest in the project. Production License 274 which covers the area of the field was given

neg: Mariner oilfield Mariner oilfield The Mariner oilfield is located in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, about east of the Shetland Islands, Scotland, in block 9/11a. It was discovered in 1981 at a depth of about below sea level. Water depth in the area is about . Estimated recovery is at least of oil. As of December 2012 the operator, Statoil, has made the investment decision and final approval of the field development plan by the UK authorities is in progress. The plan envisages a production, drilling and quarters platform based on a conventional steel jacket, exporting oil via a

neg: North Sea oil of gas in 1999. (1 tonne of crude oil converts to 7.5 barrels). The Danish explorations of Cenozoic stratigraphy, undertaken in the 1990s, showed petroleum-rich reserves in the northern Danish sector, especially the Central Graben area. The Dutch area of the North Sea followed through with onshore and offshore gas exploration, and well creation. Exact figures are debatable, because methods of estimating reserves vary and it is often difficult to forecast future discoveries. When it peaked in 1999, production of North Sea oil was nearly 950,000 m³ (6 million barrels) per day. Natural gas production was nearly 280×10 m³ (10

neg: Northstar Island Northstar Island Northstar Island is a artificial island in the Beaufort Sea, northwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and north of the Alaska coast. The island was created to develop the Northstar Oil Pool, which is located approximately below the seabed. The oil pool was discovered on January 30, 1984 by Royal Dutch Shell. A small artificial island was built at the site to house an exploration oil well. After additional exploration, Alaska International Construction began construction of the island in the winter of 1999–2000. A standard oil-drilling platform, such as those used in the Gulf of Mexico, was not feasible

neg: Valhall oil field The steel jacket for the PH platform was installed in June 2009, with the main deck and living quarters module added in July 2010 and the power from shore module becoming operational in June 2011. Production from the PH platform commenced in January 2013 and is expected to reach 65,000 barrels of oil a day. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate: Facts 2012 - Valhall Valhall oil field Valhall is an oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Discovered in 1975, production began in 1982 and is expected to continue until 2050. Valhall is located in 70 metres of water.

neg: Thistle oil field that the Thistle platform will be operable to 2025 and beyond. In order to achieve this, a series of major activities have started including initiatives to provide reliable power, improve structural and topsides integrity, upgrade safety and control systems and simplify the platform oil and production and water treatment processes. These activities are scheduled to run from 2012 to 2015, dependent upon receipt of the UK Government support through the Brown Field Allowance (BFA). Thistle oil field The Thistle oil field is a large oil field in the Northern sector of the North Sea. The oil field, discovered in September

neg: Shengli Oil Field of reserves of 4.63 billion tonnes. Shengli Oil Field The Shengli Oil Field () is the second-largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, with daily production of approximately . It is located in the Yellow River delta, in the north of Shandong province bordering Bohai Sea. Its main working area covers 28 counties under the jurisdiction of eight prefecture level cities in Shandong Province, namely Dongying, Binzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Weifang, Zibo, Liaocheng and Yantai. The major production area lies on both sides of the Yellow River Mouth. The field was discovered in 1961 and its development began in

neg: Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks is an oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea operated by Statoil. It was discovered in 1978, in block 34/10, at a water depth of 130-230 meters. The initial recoverable reserve is , and the remaining recoverable reserve in 2004 is . This oil field reached peak production in 2001 at . It has satellite fields Gullfaks South, Rimfaks, Skinfaks and Gullveig. The project consists of three production platforms Gullfaks A (1986), Gullfaks B (1988), and Gullfaks C (1989). Gullfaks C sits below the waterline. The height of the total structure

neg: Ula oil field Ula oil field Ula () is an offshore oil field located in the southern Norwegian section of North Sea along with Gyda, Tambar and Tambar East fields making up the UGT area, usually attributed to DONG Energy's main areas of exploration and production activity. The Ula field was discovered in 1976 and came online in October 1986. It contains confirmed 69.98 million m of oil and 2.5 million of NGL. AkerBP is the operator of the field with 80% of interest in the project. AkerBP's partner DONG Energy holds 20% of interest. DONG Energy increased its initial share of 5%

neg: Buchan Oil Field Buchan Oil Field The Buchan oil field is a small oil field with small gas reserves in the central North Sea. It lies in an area known as the South Halibut Basin, approximately northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland, and is located mainly in license block 21/1A, extending into block 20/5A(E). The field was discovered in August 1974, two years after the issue date for those blocks. It is named after the town of Buchan N.E. Scotland. Buchan was initially considered a very risky field, both commercially and operationally, and was expected to be finished with after five years. The field's geology

neg: Sarir field Sarir field The Sarir Field was discovered in southern Cyrenaica during 1961 and is considered to be the largest oil field in Libya, with estimated oil reserves of . Sarir is operated by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO), a subsidiary of the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC). The Sarir field or, more specifically, Sarir C is on west edge of the Calanscio Sand Sea at the southeast margin of the Sirte Basin. Sarir C, which is part of a three-field complex, is 56 km long and 40 km wide covering 378 km². To its north is Sarir L, covering

neg: Maersk Oil the operation of the Dansk Undergrunds Consortium's fields in the Danish section of the North Sea. On August 31, 2015, the UK Oil And Gas Authority approved a consortium headed by Maersk Oil going ahead with production at the Culzean oil and gas field about 150 miles southeast of Aberdeen, Scotland in the North Sea. The high pressure, high temperature field held the equivalent of about 300 million barrels of oil and, when it reached peak production in 2020 or 2021, was expected to produce enough gas to meet 5% of the UK's needs. Maersk Oil said that it and

neg: Buchan Oil Field weakness within the installation. It could, technically, go on for years but it is extremely unlikely that this will be allowed. Buchan Oil Field The Buchan oil field is a small oil field with small gas reserves in the central North Sea. It lies in an area known as the South Halibut Basin, approximately northeast of Aberdeen, Scotland, and is located mainly in license block 21/1A, extending into block 20/5A(E). The field was discovered in August 1974, two years after the issue date for those blocks. It is named after the town of Buchan N.E. Scotland. Buchan was initially considered

neg: Kinsale Head gas field Kinsale Head gas field The Kinsale Head gas field is an offshore natural gas field off the southern coast of Ireland discovered in 1973 near Old Head of Kinsale, in the Celtic Sea and met Ireland's gas need until 1996. The gas field is located in a water depth of 100 metres and 1,000 metres below the seabed. Marathon Oil's Irish subsidiary Marathon Petroleum Ireland Ltd., started exploring for oil off the south coast of Ireland and in 1971 instead of finding oil, gas was found off the Old Head of Kinsale by the drill ship "Glomar North Sea" The

neg: Yme field Yme field Yme is an oil field in the Egersund basin area in the central part of the North Sea. It is located northeast of the Ekofisk oil field. The water depth is . The field was discovered in 1987 and was developed by Statoil with production from 1996 to 2001. In 2001 low oil prices led to the abandonment of the field. After the production license was relinquished by Statoil, a new license group led by Talisman Energy was formed to redevelop the field. In 2007 Talisman was granted permission to redevelop the field, this marked the first time

neg: Yellow Sea maritime incident in China. Oil exploration has been successful in the Chinese and North Korean portions of the sea, with the proven and estimated reserves of about 9 and 20 billion tonnes, respectively. However, the study and exploration of the sea is somewhat hindered by insufficient sharing of information between the involved countries. China initiated collaborations with foreign oil companies in 1979, but this initiative declined later. A major oil spill occurred on 16 July 2010 when a pipeline exploded at the north-east port of Dalian, causing a wide-scale fire and spreading about 1,500 tonnes of oil over the sea

neg: North Sea oil North Sea oil North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea. In the petroleum industry, the term "North Sea" often includes areas such as the Norwegian Sea and the area known as "West of Shetland", "the Atlantic Frontier" or "the Atlantic Margin" that is not geographically part of the North Sea. Brent crude is still used today as a standard benchmark for pricing oil, although the contract now refers to a blend of oils from fields in the northern North Sea. Commercial extraction of oil on

neg: Fyodorovskoye Field Fyodorovskoye Field Fyodorovskoye is an oil field located in the Surgutsky District in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the West Siberian petroleum basin of Russia. Discovered in 1971, it has been among Russia's top 10 oil fields since oil production commenced in 1974. The oil field is owned and operated by Fyodorovneft, a subsidiary of Surgutneftegas, a Russian oil and gas company. Fyodorovskoye lies in the West Siberian basin, which at approximately 2.2 million square kilometers in size, is the largest petroleum basin in the world. The swampy plain is bordered by the Kara Sea to the north, the Ural

neg: Darwin Bank Darwin Bank Darwin Bank () is an Azerbaijani bank oil field in the Caspian Sea, - north-east of Baku and west of Pirallahi Island. Industrially significant oil and natural gas resources were discovered here in the 1950s. To date, 16.2 million tons of oil and 1.5 billion cubic meters of gas were extracted. State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic is in the process of building a new oil platform which will be installed in the field for drilling of 12 wells in 2010. A similar platform No. 660 has already been commenced on site and another platform for drilling of

neg: Darwin Bank 20 wells is being finalized. Another platform operated by "Absheronneft" drilled two more wells in 2009 with an overall output of 7-8.5 tonnes of oil. The field holds 3 million tonnes of oil and 0.5 billion cubic meters (cm) of gas. A mud volcano is in the bank's central part. Darwin Bank Darwin Bank () is an Azerbaijani bank oil field in the Caspian Sea, - north-east of Baku and west of Pirallahi Island. Industrially significant oil and natural gas resources were discovered here in the 1950s. To date, 16.2 million tons of oil and 1.5 billion cubic meters of

neg: Sea Gem to blame for the collapse. Sea Gem The Sea Gem was the first British offshore oil rig, and the first British offshore rig disaster when in 1965, the rig's legs collapsed, killing 13 of the crew. In the early 1960s, oil companies had found some crude oil in Great Britain, as well as in the Netherlands and Germany, and suspected that there was more to be found under the North Sea. Unfortunately there were some barriers that had to be overcome before it was to be possible to search for oil and gas. First of all, there had been no

neg: Sea Gem Sea Gem The Sea Gem was the first British offshore oil rig, and the first British offshore rig disaster when in 1965, the rig's legs collapsed, killing 13 of the crew. In the early 1960s, oil companies had found some crude oil in Great Britain, as well as in the Netherlands and Germany, and suspected that there was more to be found under the North Sea. Unfortunately there were some barriers that had to be overcome before it was to be possible to search for oil and gas. First of all, there had been no international agreements that addressed the

neg: Barryroe up to barrels of oil, and of gas. This gives a total of of oil equivalent. Barryroe Barryroe is an oil and gas field discovered in the Atlantic ocean due south of Longford. Close to the exhausted Kinsale Head gas field, it is as close as to the Kinsale Head existing pipeline. The discovery is at a water depth of . Several attempts were made to find a commercial field at the site in the 1970s but although they struck oil, none were commercially viable. It has been rated as the equivalent of a large North Sea oil field. The

neg: Enterprise Oil unsuccessful bid to acquire Lasmo. The Corrib gas field was discovered off the coast of Ireland by Enterprise Oil in 1996, and has proved especially troublesome for Shell (see Corrib gas controversy). In the last few years of the Company's existence it was also investing significant sums in its Brazilian oil interests. The Most Reverend Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury and former Bishop of Durham, served as Group Treasurer from 1984 to 1987. The Company was purchased by Royal Dutch Shell for £3.5bn in 2002. The Company had interests in some 41 fields, mainly in the North Sea; it had

neg: Gullfaks oil field becoming a full-scale disaster. The reservoir consists of delta sandstones from the Middle Jurassic Brent Group, shallow-marine Lower Jurassic Cook Formation sandstones, and the fluvial-channel and delta-plain Lower Jurassic Statfjord Formation. Gullfaks oil field Gullfaks is an oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea operated by Statoil. It was discovered in 1978, in block 34/10, at a water depth of 130-230 meters. The initial recoverable reserve is , and the remaining recoverable reserve in 2004 is . This oil field reached peak production in 2001 at . It has satellite fields Gullfaks South, Rimfaks, Skinfaks

neg: Oseberg South Oseberg South Oseberg South () is an offshore oil field in the North Sea, located from the coastline and south of Oseberg Oil Field. Oseberg Sør was discovered in 1984. The field was developed with a fixed production, drilling and quarters (PDQ) facility and is operated by Statoil. The first stage phase processing is done at the Oseberg Øst platform. The second and third phase processing of oil is done at the Oseberg Field Center and it is then transported to Sture terminal in Norway through the Oseberg Transport System. The development of the Oseberg Sør was approved in 1977.

neg: Cormorant oilfield Cormorant oilfield The Cormorant oilfield is located north east of Lerwick, Shetland, Scotland, in block number 211/26a. It was discovered in September 1972 at a depth of . Estimated recovery is of oil. The oil reservoir is located at a depth of . Originally, it was operated by Shell and licensed to Shell/Esso. On 7 July 2008, it was purchased by Abu Dhabi National Energy Company. Production started in December 1979 from the Cormorant Alpha platform. This platform is a concrete gravity platform of the Sea Tank Co type. It has four legs and storage capacity for of oil. The

neg: Territorial disputes in the South China Sea On 27 March 1984, the first Philippine oil company discovered an oil field off Palawan, which is an island province bordering the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea. These oil fields supply 15% of annual oil consumption in the Philippines. Vietnam and Japan reached an agreement early in 1978 on the development of oil in the South China Sea. By 2012 Vietnam had concluded some 60 oil and gas exploration and production contracts with various foreign companies. In 1986, the "White Tiger" oil field in the South China Sea came into operation, producing over 2,000 tons of crude oil

neg: Golden Eagle Oilfield UK North Sea since Buzzard was discovered in 2001. The Peregrine field was discovered in 2008. The Solitaire field was discovered much earlier, in 2001, but was not regarded as being large enough to be worth developing on its own. The stakeholders in the Golden Eagle Area Development purchased it in 2010 and will use the Golden Eagle field infrastructure to exploit it. Approval for the Golden Eagle Area Development project was granted by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change in October 2011 and production began in November 2014 at a rate of 18,000 barrels of oil a

neg: Oseberg South consists of ten accumulations within Jurassic sandstones, all in separate structures. The reservoirs lie at a depth of . Production lifetime is estimated at 20 years. It is believed to contain a total of of recoverable oil and up to of recoverable gas. Oseberg South Oseberg South () is an offshore oil field in the North Sea, located from the coastline and south of Oseberg Oil Field. Oseberg Sør was discovered in 1984. The field was developed with a fixed production, drilling and quarters (PDQ) facility and is operated by Statoil. The first stage phase processing is done at the

neg: Volgans minute, the comic was ordered to change them into a fictional villain to avoid antagonizing the Soviet Embassy in London, due to Britain and the Western world being engaged in détente with the Soviet Union during the mid/late 1970s. The Volgan Republic of Asia was founded when an individual called Vashkov united the Volgograd citizens into a fascist party named after the local river. Leading the party to a military coup in 1991, he declared himself the sole leader of a unified Russia which was renamed the Volgan Republic. After new reserves of North Sea oil was discovered near Britain,

neg: Panarctic Oils was probably Canada's largest gas field. Over the next three years came other large gas fields in the islands. These and later discoveries established reserves of of dry, sweet natural gas. The company also discovered oil - on the islands at Bent Horn and Cape Allison, offshore at Cisco and Skate. Exploration moved offshore when Panarctic began drilling wells from "ice islands" - not really islands, but platforms of thickened ice created in winter by pumping sea water on the polar ice pack. Oil was discovered in 1974 at Bent Horn N-72, the first well drilled on Cameron Island. In

neg: Miller oilfield Miller oilfield The Miller oilfield is a deep reservoir under the North Sea, 240 kilometres north-east of Peterhead in UKCS Blocks 16/7b and 16/8b. It was discovered in 1983 by BP in a water depth of 100 metres. Production from Miller field started in June 1992, and plateau production was from late 1992 to 1997 at rates of up to of oil and 255 mmscf of gas per day. Miller produced some of oil during its lifetime. The field is named after Hugh Miller who contributed to Scottish geology in the early nineteenth century. The Miller field reached the end

neg: Long Forties The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, which reported weather for this area until 2005, also used the name Fladen. The Norwegian forecast for the fisheries uses the term Fladen Grunn. The Forties Oil Field is the largest oil field in the North Sea, 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. The Forties Formation consists of a lower Shale Member and an upper Sandstone Member, which were deposited in a "middle and lower submarine fan environment". The initial development plan included a "complete replacement

neg: Barryroe Barryroe Barryroe is an oil and gas field discovered in the Atlantic ocean due south of Longford. Close to the exhausted Kinsale Head gas field, it is as close as to the Kinsale Head existing pipeline. The discovery is at a water depth of . Several attempts were made to find a commercial field at the site in the 1970s but although they struck oil, none were commercially viable. It has been rated as the equivalent of a large North Sea oil field. The well is currently 80% owned by Providence Resources and 20% by Lansdowne Oil & Gas. Providence

neg: Beaufort Sea produced in 1986. A major gas field, named Taglu Gas Field, was discovered in the Mackenzie River delta in 1971, followed by the Parson Lake field and Niglintgak field. The estimated gas reserves of these fields are , and , respectively. Moreover, further into the sea from the Mackenzie delta lies the Amauligak field. This, the largest known oil deposit of the Beaufort Sea, was discovered in 1984, and is estimated to contain of oil and of gas. The development of these fields is hindered by their remote location. This problem was alleviated for Prudhoe Bay by constructing the Trans-Alaska

neg: North Sea of the region, and the proximity of important markets in western Europe has made the North Sea an important oil producing region. The largest single humanitarian catastrophe in the North Sea oil industry was the destruction of the offshore oil platform Piper Alpha in 1988 in which 167 people lost their lives. Besides the Ekofisk oil field, the Statfjord oil field is also notable as it was the cause of the first pipeline to span the Norwegian trench. The largest natural gas field in the North Sea, Troll gas field, lies in the Norwegian trench dropping over requiring the construction

neg: Rosario Mining Company base metals producer. Out of El Mochito's profits, Rosario made successful investments in new projects in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Peru, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic, as well as major Canadian gas discovery in 1969 and 1970s oil play in the British North Sea. From these projects flowed a cornucopia of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, granite, limestone, and petroleum. These properties, largely developed internally, multiplied the value of the company many times from 1954 through 1980, when Rosario was acquired by AMAX, Inc. In 1969, Rosario discovered the Pueblo Viejo oxide gold deposit in the Dominican Republic,

neg: Andrew oilfield Andrew oilfield The Andrew oilfield is a relatively small hydrocarbon field in the UK sector of the North Sea, North-East of Aberdeen and it is operated by BP. It is produced from a single platform, which is also the hub of the Kinnoull, Cyrus and Farragon subsea developments. BP originally discovered oil in the Palaeocene rock in block 16/28 of the UKCS in 1974, with further appraisal work conducted by ConocoPhilips the following year. A gas reservoir was also discovered in the Cretaceous rock below the Palaeocene. It is named after an early Celtic saint, St Cyrus is a coastal

neg: Valhall oil field Valhall oil field Valhall is an oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Discovered in 1975, production began in 1982 and is expected to continue until 2050. Valhall is located in 70 metres of water. It produces from chalk in the Tor and Hod Formations of Late Cretaceous age. The reservoir depth is approximately 2 400 metres. The field was originally developed with three facilities (QP, DP and PCP) but now the complex consists of five separate steel platforms that are bridge-connected. There are also two unmanned flank platforms, one in the south and one in the

neg: Bouri Field Bouri Field The Bouri Offshore Field is part of Block NC-41, which is located north of the Libyan coast in the Mediterranean Sea. It was first discovered in 1976 at a depth of and is estimated to contain in proven recoverable crude oil reserves and of associated natural gas with an annual production potential of 6 billion m³. Bouri is considered the largest producing oilfield in the Mediterranean. In 1974, the Italian oil company Eni S.p.A signed a Production sharing agreement (PSA) awarded by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) of Libya for onshore and offshore exploration in areas near

neg: Anglia gas field are First Oil (32.8%), Dana Petroleum 25%, and DEA AG (12.2%). Anglia gas field The Anglia gas field, is a natural gas field in the United Kingdom's continental shelf of the Southern North Sea. It is located in blocks 48/18 and 48/19 at a depth of approximately subsea. The field was discovered in February 1972. Detailed seismic and appraisal well work were conducted in 1984. Original partners were Ranger Oil (operator, 35.628%), Conoco (31.25%), Elf Oil and Gas (16.46%), Amerada Hess (12.83%), and Triton Resources (3.832%). In December 2010, Ithaca Energy became operator of the Anglia field by acquiring 30%

neg: North Sea of the enormous Troll A platform to access it. The price of Brent Crude, one of the first types of oil extracted from the North Sea, is used today as a standard price for comparison for crude oil from the rest of the world. The North Sea contains western Europe's largest oil and natural gas reserves and is one of the world's key non-OPEC producing regions. In the UK sector of the North Sea, the oil industry invested £14.4 billion in 2013, and was on track to spend £13 billion in 2014. Industry body Oil & Gas UK put the

neg: Ørsted (company) of its oil and gas upstream assets to INEOS in 2017, Ørsted's core areas of oil and gas exploration and production laid in southern part of the Norwegian North Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea, Barents Sea, west of Shetland, and in the mid Norway (gas production). The reserve base was expected to be of oil equivalent. In 2016, it produced of oil equivalent. Ørsted has agreed to sell its oil and gas pipelines to Energinet.dk. It owns oil and gas pipelines which extend from the Danish part of the North Sea to Nybro and the Swedish