query: what country did not join the league of nations

pos: Member states of the League of Nations was the only country to be expelled by the League (in 1939, following its invasion of Finland). Despite formulating the concept and signing the Covenant, the United States never joined the League of Nations. Member states of the League of Nations Between 1920 and 1939, a total of 63 countries became member states of the League of Nations. The Covenant forming the League of Nations was included in the Treaty of Versailles and came into force on 10 January 1920. The League of Nations was dissolved on 18 April 1946, when its assets and responsibilities were transferred to the United

pos: Calvin Coolidge foreign alliances. Coolidge considered the 1920 Republican victory as a rejection of the Wilsonian position that the United States should join the League of Nations. While not completely opposed to the idea, Coolidge believed the League, as then constituted, did not serve American interests, and he did not advocate U.S. membership. He spoke in favor of the United States joining the Permanent Court of International Justice (World Court), provided that the nation would not be bound by advisory decisions. In 1926, the Senate eventually approved joining the Court (with reservations). The League of Nations accepted the reservations, but it suggested

pos: National interest idea of collective security, whereby all members of the League of Nations would "consider an attack upon one as an attack upon all," thus deterring the use of violence for ever more. The League of Nations did not work, partially because the United States refused to join and partially because, in practice, nations did not always find it "in the national interest" to deter each other from the use of force. The events of World War II along with World War I, led to a rebirth of Realist and then Neo-realist thought, as international relations theorists re-emphasized the role of

pos: Pax Americana league to enforce peace, the League of Nations, was proposed by Woodrow Wilson. This was rejected by the American Government in favor of more economic-ideological approaches and the United States did not join the League. Additionally, there were even proposals of extending the Monroe Doctrine to Great Britain put forth to prevent a second conflagration on the European theater. Ultimately, the United States' proposals and actions did not stop the factors of European nationalism spawned by the previous war, the repercussions of Germany's defeat, and the failures of the Treaty of Versailles from plunging the globe into a Second World

pos: Latin America and the League of Nations peace which eventually would anticipate their actions in the United Nations. The Latin American nations became increasingly disillusioned with the League in the 1920s. This was partly due to the failure of the United States to join the League, and partly because the major powers in the League paid little attention to Latin America’s problems. The League did have some role in two conflicts in South America in the 1930s: the Leticia dispute between Colombia and Peru, and the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay. Latin America and the League of Nations Nine Latin American nations became charter members of

pos: Presidency of John F. Kennedy to the office. He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency. Kennedy was inaugurated as the nation's 35th president on January 20, 1961, on the East Portico of the United States Capitol. Chief Justice Earl Warren administered the oath of office. In his inaugural address, Kennedy spoke of the need for all Americans to be active citizens, famously saying: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." He also invited the nations of the world to join together to fight what he called the "common enemies of man:

pos: Abyssinia Crisis invaded Ethiopia without a declaration of war, prompting Ethiopia to declare war on Italy, thus beginning the Second Italo–Abyssinian War. On 7 October in what would come to be known as the Riddell Incident, the League of Nations declared Italy to be the aggressor, and started the slow process of imposing sanctions on Italy. The sanctions were limited, however. They did not prohibit the provision of several vital materials, such as oil, and were not carried out by all members of the League. The United States, generally indifferent to the League of Nations' weak sanctions, increased its exports to Italy,

pos: 1920 United States presidential election Irish-American Senators joined the "irreconcilables" who blocked the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and United States membership in the League of Nations. Wilson blamed the Irish Americans and German Americans for the lack of popular support for his unsuccessful campaign to have the United States join the League of Nations, saying, "There is an organized propaganda against the League of Nations and against the treaty proceeding from exactly the same sources that the organized propaganda proceeded from which threatened this country here and there with disloyalty, and I want to say—I cannot say too often—any man who carries a

pos: Lodge Reservations in the United States to continue their lives in the United States. If the League of Nations is to create any future organizations, the United States is not bound to join so no matter as to how the League of Nations wishes concerning their involvement. Instead, Congress has the right to make the decision as to whether or not the United States chooses to be involved and the terms of their involvement. The United States will not be bound by any vote in the League of Nations in which a nation has voted twice. Neither will it be bound by

pos: Confederation Six—Nations, is the country of Native Americans (in what is now the United States) and First Nations (in what is now Canada) that consists of six nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, the Seneca and the Tuscarora. The Six Nations have a representative government known as the Grand Council which is the oldest governmental institution still maintaining its original form in North America. Each clan from the five nations sends chiefs to act as representatives and make decisions for the whole confederation. The League has been operating since its foundation in 1142 CE despite limited international recognition

pos: History of the United States (1918–1945) expectations. History of the United States (1918–1945) The history of the United States from 1918 through 1945 covers the post-World War I era, the Great Depression, and World War II. After World War I, the U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League of Nations. In 1920, the manufacture, sale, import and export of alcohol was prohibited by an amendment to the United States Constitution. Possession of liquor, and drinking it, was never illegal. The overall level of alcohol consumption did go down, however, state and local governments avoided aggressive enforcement. The federal government was overwhelmed

pos: History of the United States (1918–1945) History of the United States (1918–1945) The history of the United States from 1918 through 1945 covers the post-World War I era, the Great Depression, and World War II. After World War I, the U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League of Nations. In 1920, the manufacture, sale, import and export of alcohol was prohibited by an amendment to the United States Constitution. Possession of liquor, and drinking it, was never illegal. The overall level of alcohol consumption did go down, however, state and local governments avoided aggressive enforcement. The federal government was overwhelmed with

pos: Walter Evans Edge March 4, 1919, the Senate was in recess at that time. In order to attend to remaining gubernatorial business, Edge did not resign as governor until May 16, 1919, and was sworn in as senator three days later. The most important and controversial vote held by the Senate during Edge's term involved the Treaty of Versailles, the ratification of which would have allowed the United States to join the League of Nations. As a member of the moderate wing of the Republican Party, Edge was a "mild reservationist" on the question. Although he appears to have genuinely wanted the United

pos: Union of Banana Exporting Countries 1974, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama joined together in an attempt to form a banana-exporting country cartel focusing on exports to the North American market. The Philippines was the only major exporter of bananas to the United States which did not join. The market for banana exports to Europe at this time was quite separate, with mainly former European French and British colonies in the Caribbean supplying European countries. Banana prices had gone up little in 20 years. A United Nations study had concluded that no more than seventeen cents of each United States dollar spent

pos: We Happy Few II in which the United States did not join the Allies, leaving the United Kingdom to fend off the German forces alone. The Battle of Britain was eventually lost to Germany, allowing the Nazis to occupy the entire country. Most of the volunteer forces of the Home Guard became complicit in helping the Germans, with only a few attempting to resist. At some point during the occupation, the population of the island town of Wellington Wells did what they considered to be a "Very Bad Thing" that caused the German occupation to voluntarily leave their island, allowing the British citizens

pos: History of Israel signed a treaty with the United States (which did not join the League of Nations) in which the United States endorsed the terms of the Mandate. Between 1919 and 1923, another 40,000 Jews arrived in Palestine, mainly escaping the post-revolutionary chaos of Russia (Third Aliyah), as over 100,000 Jews were massacred in this period in Ukraine and Russia. Many of these immigrants became known as "pioneers" (halutzim), experienced or trained in agriculture and capable of establishing self-sustaining economies. Malarial marshes in the Jezreel Valley and Hefer Plain were drained and converted to agricultural use. Land was bought by the Jewish

neg: Slavery in Ethiopia that was widely prevalent throughout the country. To gain international recognition for his nation, Haile Selassie formally applied to join the League of Nations in 1919. Ethiopia's admission was initially rejected due to concerns about its slave-holding, slave trade and arms trade. Italy and Great Britain led the opposition, implying that independent Ethiopia was not yet civilised enough to join an international organization of free nations. It was eventually admitted in 1923, after signing the Convention of St. Germain to suppress slavery. The League later appointed the Temporary Slavery Commission in 1924 to inquire into slavery worldwide. Despite the apparent

neg: League of Nations Nations. League of Nations mandates were established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. The Permanent Mandates Commission supervised League of Nations mandates, and also organised plebiscites in disputed territories so that residents could decide which country they would join. There were three mandate classifications: A, B and C. The A mandates (applied to parts of the old Ottoman Empire) were "certain communities" that had The B mandates were applied to the former German colonies that the League took responsibility for after the First World War. These were described as "peoples" that the League said were

neg: John F. Kennedy (43) ever elected to the presidency, though Theodore Roosevelt was a year younger at 42 when he automatically assumed the office after William McKinley's assassination in 1901. John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961. In his inaugural address, he spoke of the need for all Americans to be active citizens, famously saying: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." He asked the nations of the world to join together to fight what he called the "common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty,

neg: United States Central Powers. In 1919, President Woodrow Wilson took a leading diplomatic role at the Paris Peace Conference and advocated strongly for the U.S. to join the League of Nations. However, the Senate refused to approve this and did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles that established the League of Nations. In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional amendment granting women's suffrage. The 1920s and 1930s saw the rise of radio for mass communication and the invention of early television. The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the onset

neg: Jaja Wachuku United Nations. Wachuku protested to Prime Minister Balewa – saying that he did not join the Delegation with the intention of staying in New York, and that he told his wife, Rhoda, that he would be away for only one week. Balewa replied: "Never mind, I will tell her when I arrive Lagos." At the United Nations, he soon stood out in excellence and visionary, selfless service to his country Nigeria and the rest of humankind. It was during this period that "Time" and "Jet magazine" commendably quoted Wachuku as saying – from the rostrum of the United Nations General

neg: 2018 Emerging Nations World Championship 2018 Emerging Nations World Championship The 2018 Emerging Nations World Championship (ENWC) was the rugby league tournament held for Tier Two and Tier Three nations, the third edition of the Rugby League Emerging Nations Tournament. Several nations that had not qualified, or were not eligible to qualify, for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup planned to contest an Emerging Nations tournament in Sydney in 2017 alongside the World Cup. However this tournament did not get support from the Rugby League International Federation, and did not go ahead. On 29 March 2017, the Rugby League International Federation announced that Australia will

neg: Sport in Qatar half the citizens in Qatar, the game is rapidly picking up its pace. Although the local Qatar national team isn't as popular, cricket tournaments such as the ICC World Cup and the ICC World Twenty20 which exclude Qatar but include nations which account for most of the expatriates in the country are one of the most viewed sporting events in the country. Qatar has hosted the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters, a European Tour golf event, since 1998. Handball is a very popular team sport in Qatar. It was introduced to the country in 1968; however, Qatar did not join the

neg: 1921 APFA season the first time so that there would be a clear champion. The most notable of changes was that only games played against league teams would count toward the standings; this had the dual effect of both encouraging independent teams (such as those from the Ohio League and the NYPFL) to join, but also caused those that did not join to fold within a few years, because NFL teams, particularly those competing for a championship, would be much less willing to play what were effectively exhibition games against teams that would not help them in the standings. However, a number of

neg: King's Park F.C. Midland League for the coming season although local powerhouses Dundee declined to compete and so the league did not happen. As a consequence Managing Director Tom Fergusson put the club on hiatus in what was intended to be a temporary measure. The fortunes of the club were hit further in 1940 when Forthbank was bombed by the Luftwaffe. The club did not play again after this, even though they applied to join the North Eastern League in 1944 (a request rejected due to their lack of a ground). Amid allegations of financial impropriety with regards to payment of guest players,

neg: Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao whole, and not just to the country known as Spain. In fact, he would use the term "España" in a depreciative way, an example of the "past" and what "should be avoided". It was his ideal that a federation of "Iberian Nations" should emerge to create this new "Hespaña". For Rodríguez Castelao these nations were: Castile, Catalonia, the Basque Country, Portugal and Galicia. He also implied that apart from creating the political conditions for it, cultural conditions (education) should also be provided. Castelao did not support the classical idea of Iberian Federalism, as this advocated for the union of the

neg: Rugby League International Federation nations too easily. Players who have represented one country in World Cup qualifiers would now "not be permitted" to play for a different one in the World Cup tournament. The rule change did not apply to players who had played for a country in a Test series or non-World Cup related tournament. Applications must still be made to the RLIF for those changes still permitted. The game in Europe is only partially overseen by the Rugby League International Federation with the Rugby League European Federation also having a large say in the running and expansion of the game throughout Europe.

neg: History of Sweden foundations for the social welfare policies characteristic of modern Sweden. Sweden also created a successful model of social democracy. During World War II, Sweden once again remained neutral, avoiding the fate of occupied Norway. Sweden was one of the first non-participants of World War II to join the United Nations (in 1946). Apart from this, the country attempted to stay out of alliances and remain officially neutral during the entire Cold War; and did not join NATO. The social democratic party held government for 44 years (1932–1976). The 1976 parliamentary elections brought a liberal/right-wing coalition to power. During the Cold

neg: William Adams (sailor) demanded of me of what land I was, and what moved us to come to his land, being so far off. I showed unto him the name of our country, and that our land had long sought out the East Indies, and desired friendship with all kings and potentates in way of merchandise, having in our land diverse commodities, which these lands had not… Then he asked whether our country had wars? I answered him yea, with the Spaniards and Portugals, being in peace with all other nations. Further, he asked me, in what I did believe? I said, in

neg: Muhammad Ali Jinnah Princely States were advised by the departing British to choose whether to join Pakistan or India. Most did so prior to independence, but the holdouts contributed to what have become lasting divisions between the two nations. Indian leaders were angered at Jinnah's attempts to convince the princes of Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bhopal and Indore to accede to Pakistan—the latter three princely states did not border Pakistan. Jodhpur bordered it and had both a Hindu majority population and a Hindu ruler. The coastal princely state of Junagadh, which had a majority-Hindu population, did accede to Pakistan in September 1947, with its ruler's

neg: Ivo Sajh where for more than three months he did not lose any League or Cup match. In the year 2008 with Libyan side FC Olympic from Al Zawiyah he did not lost any League and Cup Match. FIFA awarded him for his contribution for Development of Football in Asia and his native Country Slovenia. NIGERIA INTERNATIONALS His boys Theophilus Afelokai ( he called him Joel), Gabriel Ikechukwu, Abdulwasiu Showemimo, Solomon Okpako,Muhammad Shagari, Ali Rabiu, Bello Musa Kofarmata, Mohammad Gambo and Ahmed Musa has been played for Nigeria at various levels in Final Stage of African Nations Cup, FIFA Confederations Cup and

neg: Lviv Lviv was awarded the Virtuti Militari cross by Józef Piłsudski on 22 November 1920. On 23 February 1921, the council of the League of Nations declared that Galicia (including the city) lay outside the territory of Poland and that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country, and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of Galicia (as a whole), whose sovereign remained the Allied Powers and fate would be determined by the Council of Ambassadors at the League of Nations. On 14 March 1923, the Council of Ambassadors decided that Galicia would be

neg: Mosul Question able to balance what the British wanted and the true needs of his people into a very complex system. However, one of the things he wanted most was the unification and strong status of Iraq and he did not believe that was possible without having control of the Mosul Vilayet. Prior to the League of Nations decision, Faysal had continually petitioned the British government to give control of Mosul to him so that he could succeed in his aim of unification. Finally, after the League of Nations decision, the British agree to let Faysal have control over Mosul in return

neg: Liberia in World War II rubber plantation, operated at Harbel by the Firestone Company since 1926, the US government built roads throughout the country, created an international airport (known as Robertsfield Airport), and transformed the capital, Monrovia, by building a deep water port (the Freeport of Monrovia). In 1944, with its entry into the war, Liberia adopted the US dollar and became one of only four countries in Africa to join the newly formed United Nations. Liberia in World War II Liberia did not become militarily involved in World War II until January, 1944, with the election of William Tubman, at which time the country

neg: Bloodwynd was exposed, the Justice League battled Rott and freed the real Bloodwynd. Bloodwynd remained with the Justice League after they rescued him from imprisonment within the Gem. Later, he withheld information from the League about an offer of alliance from the mystical villain Dreamslayer. Bloodwynd did not join Dreamslayer. Sensing a strange kinship with him, however, he would not oppose him either. During the Overmaster storyline, Bloodwynd was also strangely inactive, refusing to take action against what he perceived to be a natural course of events. These two incidents caused Bloodwynd to question his membership in the League. He voluntarily

neg: Albert J. Beveridge him for suggesting that America should join the League of Nations. He felt the League of Nations undermined American independence. In the twilight of his life, Beveridge came to repudiate some of the earlier expansion of governmental power that he had championed in his earlier career. In one notable address, delivered before the Sons of the Revolution's annual dinner in June 1923, Beveridge decried the growth of the regulatory state and the proliferation of regulatory bodies, bureaus and commissions. "America would be better off as a country and Americans happier and more prosperous as a people," he suggested, "if half

neg: West Ukrainian People's Republic interests during the negotiations following World War I at the Paris Peace Conference. These efforts ultimately resulted in the League of Nations declaring on February 23, 1921 that Galicia lay outside the territory of Poland, that Poland did not have the mandate to establish administrative control in that country, and that Poland was merely the occupying military power of eastern Galicia, whose fate would be determined by the Council of Ambassadors at the League of Nations. After a long series of further negotiations, on March 14, 1923 it was decided that eastern Galicia would be incorporated into Poland "taking into

neg: 2006 New Zealand rugby league season Test matches but did not make the Tri-Nations squad. During the Tri-Nations the Kiwis played a New Zealand Residents side in Greymouth and defeated them 34–4. The Residents team included Corey Lawrie, Shane Beyers, David Fisi'iahi, Cliff Beverley, Julian O'Neill, Sala Fa'alogo, Cooper Vuna, George Tuakura and Wayne McDade. Earlier in the year the Residents had hosted a Trans Tasman Quadrangular Series, winning the final against Country 32-18. The Queensland Rangers, New South Wales Country and Jim Beam Cup side all came to New Zealand for the tournament. The Residents side for the tournament included Steve Buckingham, Sala Fa'alogo, Sonny

neg: Swiss neutrality Switzerland should be neutral, final ratification was delayed until after Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated so that some coalition forces could invade France via Swiss territory. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation; it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. The beginnings of Swiss neutrality can be dated back to the defeat of the Old Swiss Confederacy at the Battle of Marignano in September

neg: Neutral country independent of each other, famed for their armed neutrality, which they maintained throughout both World War I and World War II. The Swiss have a long history of neutrality: it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. According to Edwin Reischauer, "To be neutral you must be ready to be highly militarized, like Switzerland or Sweden." In contrast, other neutral states may abandon military power (examples of states doing this

neg: Charles Evans Hughes was uninterested in leaving the State Department, and Harding instead appointed former President Taft as the Chief Justice. Harding granted Hughes a great deal of discretion in his leadership of the State Department and U.S. foreign policy. Harding and Hughes frequently communicated, and the president remained well-informed regarding the state of foreign affairs, but he rarely overrode any of Hughes's decisions. Hughes did have to work within some broad outlines; after taking office, Harding hardened his stance on the League of Nations, deciding the U.S. would not join even a scaled-down version of the League. Hughes had favored U.S. membership

neg: 2012 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League 2012 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League The 2012 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League is the 2012 edition of the secondary international team Grand Prix show jumping competition run by the FEI. A team of a country that belongs to one of the 2012 FEI Nations Cup teams can not earn points in this league. Teams who are part of one of the other Promotional Leagues also can not earn points in this league. The second-placed to fourth-placed teams of the European Promotional League have the permission to start in the 2012 Promotional League Final. CSIO 4* – May 2, 2012

neg: Ben Hornby High School. Hornby began his rugby league career in 2000. Hornby represented New South Wales in the State of Origin series of 2004, 2006 and 2008. Hornby played one match for Australia, their loss to Great Britain during the 2006 Rugby League Tri-Nations. Previously a co-captain in 2007, in 2009 coach Wayne Bennett appointed Hornby captain of the team from the start of the 2009 season. Hornby was selected for Country in the City vs Country match on 8 May 2009. However, he did not play in the match after withdrawing with injury. On 3 October 2010, Hornby captained the

neg: Church of Scotland is, they believed they could not swear allegiance to William II and Mary II while James VII lived. To reduce their influence the Scots Parliament guaranteed Presbyterian governance of the Church by law, excluding what became the Scottish Episcopal Church. Most of the remaining Covenanters, disagreeing with the Restoration Settlement on various political and theological grounds, most notably because the Settlement did not acknowledge the National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant, also did not join the Church of Scotland, instead forming the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1690. Controversy still surrounded the relationship between the Church of Scotland's

neg: Coalition Military coalitions can be built and united under a singular power by multiple states and governments. They are fluid in terms of membership—not only does a country not have to have been a traditional ally to join a coalition, but nations can join, vary their contributions and caveats, withdraw, and be replaced by new members as the situation changes or national agendas change. The expansion of assets accessible to member nations to perform military operations is a crucial attribute of coalitions. In many ways, coalition warfare serves to make the crafting of a peace more difficult than the winning of

neg: 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League The 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League is the 2011 edition of the secondary international team Grand Prix show jumping competition run by the FEI. A team of a country that belongs to one of the 2011 FEI Nations Cup teams can not earn points in this league. The teams of this league can earn points in this league and in the Challengers League. The best six results will be count for the final ranking. The best-planced team of the 2011 Promotional League Europe, Switzerland, move into the 2012 FEI Nations Cup. The second-placed

neg: League of Nations including the exact position of national boundaries and which country particular regions would join. Most of these questions were handled by the victorious Allied powers in bodies such as the Allied Supreme Council. The Allies tended to refer only particularly difficult matters to the League. This meant that, during the early interwar period, the League played little part in resolving the turmoil resulting from the war. The questions the League considered in its early years included those designated by the Paris Peace treaties. As the League developed, its role expanded, and by the middle of the 1920s it had become

neg: Richmond Football Club too many men on the ground. In the closing three weeks of the season, Richmond's cut of the gate takings amounted to just five pounds, and they finished the season with the wooden spoon. In October 1896, the cabal of six strong clubs broke with the association to form the Victorian Football League (VFL). As a struggling club with a poor following, Richmond was not invited to join the new league. Richmond's performances did not immediately improve in the emaciated VFA until the turn of the century. The Tigers were boosted by a significant country recruit in 1901. George "Mallee"

neg: The League of Nations (professional wrestling) competed in a six-man tag match against Cesaro, Kalisto and Sami Zayn, but Del Rio and Rusev walked out during the match and Sheamus, who did the same, confronted Del Rio and Rusev during a brawl, and disbanded The League of Nations. Del Rio also confirmed in an interview that the group was finished. As of the factions dissolution both Barrett and Del Rio departed from the company the same year. Rusev would go on to win his second WWE United States Championship whereas Sheamus proceeded to feud and later join forces with Cesaro, going on to win the WWE

neg: 2010 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League the CSIO Barcelona, in Barcelona, Spain. At the end of the 2010 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League season Belgium and Denmark move into the 2011 Meydan FEI Nations Cup. A team of a country that belongs to one of the 2010 Meydan FEI Nations Cup teams can not earn points in this league. The best-planced team of the 2010 Promotional League Europe, Belgium, move into the 2011 Meydan FEI Nations Cup. The second-placed to seventh-placed teams of the 2010 Promotional League Europe have the permission to start in the 2010 Promotional League Final. At the end of the season the

neg: League of Revolutionaries for a New America elections as Councilperson in Detroit and marry Kenneth Cockrel, a leader of the faction within the LRBW that did not join the Communist League. The Communist League and then the Communist Labor Party viewed its distinguishing political and theoretical feature as its presentation of what it called "The Negro National Colonial Question", by Nelson Peery, first edition published by the Communist League, 1972. The organization has emphasized the study of history and philosophy as a guide to strategy throughout its history. In recent years, this study has led to the articulation of the process of formation of a new class

neg: Farouk of Egypt interested in learning if Egypt would be allowed to join the new United Nations and learned from Churchill that only nations that were at war with the Axis powers would be allowed to join the United Nations, which would replace the League of Nations after the war. In 1919, it had been a great humiliation for the Egyptians that Egypt had been excluded from the Paris peace conference that led to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, causing the revolution of 1919. Farouk was determined that this time that Egypt would be a founding member of the

neg: Independence of Moldova (CIS). Moldova became fully independent from the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. The following day the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Declaring itself a neutral state, it did not join the military branch of the CIS. Three months later, on March 2, 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the United Nations. In 1994, Moldova became a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace program and also a member of the Council of Europe on June 29, 1995. The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova was a document adopted by the Parliament of the

neg: Moldova Moldova received official recognition on 25 December. On 26 December 1991 the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Declaring itself a neutral state, Moldova did not join the military branch of the CIS. Three months later, on 2 March 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the United Nations. In 1994, Moldova became a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace program, and a member of the Council of Europe on 29 June 1995. In the region east of the Dniester river, Transnistria, which includes a large proportion of predominantly russophone East Slavs of Ukrainian (28%) and Russian

neg: Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (1894–1948) Malan had approached the young Hofmeyr, trying to sway him to join the South African Party as its Chief Organising Secretary. Hofmeyr declined. The offer was repeated the following year, but this time by the party's leader, General Jan Smuts. Again Hofmeyr declined. His hesitation was apparently due to an unwillingness of committing himself to party politics; he wanted to be of service to his country but did not want to "give up for party what was meant for mankind". It was thus that he became administrator of the Transvaal province. Hofmeyr did not have to campaign in an election

neg: Armenia–Georgia relations in the Middle Ages when both nations engaged in prolific cultural dialogue and allied themselves against the neighboring Muslim empires. There were frequent intermarriages between Armenian and Georgian the royal and noble families and both ethnicities intermingled in several border areas. This close association with Armenia brought upon the country an invasion (65 BC ) by the Roman general Pompey, who was then at war with Mithradates VI of Pontus, and Armenia; but Rome did not establish her power permanently over Iberia. Nineteen years later, the Romans again marched (36 BC) on Iberia forcing King Pharnavaz II to join their

neg: Thank You, Mr. Moto (novel) actions of his country: A disturbance happens, anywhere in China, and my nation is always blamed for it. It is hard; very, very hard. Did not your own great country seize a large part of Mexico in the past century, Mr. Nelson? And what of Britain's colonizing efforts? The British Empire has always held out a helping hand to distressed and backward nations. Yet if my own poor country tries in the most altruistic way to settle even the smallest Chinese difficulty, there are notes of protest and inflammatory passages in the press. Ultimately, however, Mr. Moto is a decent

neg: Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth foreign office and this did easily transfer over to the position of Chancellor. He was not a big political figure and thus did not seek to turn the office into a reflection of his personality. Drummond as the inaugural chancellor of the League of Nations therefore set about creating the administrative divisions for the League of Nations. Drummond took no risk in his appointments to senior positions in the League of Nations, choosing only to appoint members who supported their nation's government and would only give these position to members of leading states. Drummond was regarded as somebody who took

neg: Organisation of the League of Nations conference: "If all nations will agree wholly to eliminate from possession and use the weapons which make possible a successful attack, defences automatically will become impregnable and the frontiers and independence of every nation will become secure." The talks were beset by a number of difficulties from the outset. Among these were disagreements over what constituted "offensive" and "defensive" weapons, and the polarization of France and Germany. The increasingly military-minded German governments could see no reason why their country could not enjoy the same level of armaments as other powers, especially France. The French, for their part, were equally insistent

neg: Itumeleng Khune field but we are provoked by these referees, [you] can call me names but I stand for what is right." The league then afforded Khune five days to explain his comments although Khune did issue a public apology. Khune initially did not renew his contract with Kaizer Chiefs when it expired in June 2015, however, after a long period of negotiations, he returned to the club on July 30, 2015, signing a new contract. He was part of Bafana Bafana's 2008 African Nations Cup squad but was not fielded until he made his international debut against Zimbabwe on 11 March

neg: Jordi Cruyff Europa League 2009–10 first qualifying round against Keflavík. His first league appearance came on 21 August 2008, in a 3–1 win over Birkirkara. He scored his first goal on 29 August 2009 in a 6–0 win against Floriana. Valletta won the MFA Trophy in Cruyff's first season beating Qormi 2–1, although Cruyff did not play in the final as he was not fully fit. Jordi was approached by both countries, Spain and the Netherlands, when he was eligible to play for their Under-21 teams. He was unsure which country to represent, and in 1996 he declined the possibility to join

neg: League of Nations country to join the League; joining in 1926, Germany became the fifth permanent member of the Council. Later, after Germany and Japan both left the League, the number of non-permanent seats was increased from nine to eleven, and the Soviet Union was made a permanent member giving the Council a total of fifteen members. The Council met, on average, five times a year and in extraordinary sessions when required. In total, 107 sessions were held between 1920 and 1939. The League oversaw the Permanent Court of International Justice and several other agencies and commissions created to deal with pressing international

neg: Fort Wayne FireHawks were media reports that the FireHawks, along with several members of the CIFL, were going to form the Stadius Football Association (SFA), to be based in Indianapolis. The new league did not materialize after two teams, Marion and Cincinnati, joined the United Indoor Football League almost as quickly as the press release was floated. Thereafter, the FireHawks did not attempt to re-join the CIFL, nor did it join another league. In November, 2009, the FireHawks were announced as the succession team to the Freedom. Owners J. Michael Loomis and John Christner purchased the assets left from the Fort Wayne Freedom

neg: Emirate of Transjordan that he did not object to the independence of Transjordan, but requested that the application be postponed for a year on the grounds that legal procedures required by the Covenant of the League of Nations had not been carried out. The British representative responded that the League of Nations had already approved the termination of the mandate in Transjordan. When the issue was voted on, Transjordan's application achieved the required total number of votes, but was vetoed by the Soviet Union which did not approve membership of any countries with which it did not have diplomatic relations. This problem and

neg: Tony Adamle a now-defunct matchup between the National Football League (NFL) champion and a selection of the best college players from around the country. Adamle was eligible to play for the Buckeyes again in 1947, but decided to leave school and join the Cleveland Browns of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Adamle had been selected with the 105th pick in the 1947 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears, and he told Cleveland head coach Paul Brown, who coached Ohio State's varsity team between 1941 and 1943, that he would join the Bears if the Browns did not sign him. "I would be

neg: Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia first American ambassador to a truly free Czechoslovakia. In Finland, a neutral country under some Soviet political influence at that time, the occupation caused a major scandal. The People's Republic of China objected furiously to the so-called "Brezhnev doctrine", which declared the Soviet Union alone had the right to determine what nations were properly Communist and could invade those Communist nations whose communism did not meet the Kremlin's approval. Mao Zedong saw the Brezhnev doctrine as the ideological justification for a Soviet invasion of China, and launched a massive propaganda campaign condemning the invasion of Czechoslovakia, despite his own earlier

neg: 2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix Member nations which did not qualify for the free skate but placed 25th through 30th in the short program were allowed to enter one skater in four of the events, those which placed 31st and lower in the short program were allowed one skater in three of the events, and those countries which did not participate in the 2011 Junior Worlds were allowed one skater in two events. There were provisions for additional entries per member country if another country did not use all of its allotted entries. In pairs, member nations which placed in the top five at the

neg: 2012–13 United Sikkim F.C. season 2012–13 at home on 6 October 2012 against the champions of the 2010-11 season, Salgaocar and took the victory 3–2 in what is considered an early upset in the season. 2012–13 United Sikkim F.C. season The 2012–13 United Sikkim F.C. season will be the club's third season since their formation in 2008 and their first season ever in the I-League which is India's top football league. The road to the 2012 I-League 2nd Division did not start well for United Sikkim. On 11 June 2011 it was announced that Johnny Menyongar would leave the club to join I-League team Shillong

neg: Charles Lucet Counsellor. In November 1942, he was dismissed by the Vichy regime, he was followed by this recall, and did not join the exile government of de Gaulle, for which he was accredited to February 1943 in Washington. From 1943, he worked for de Gaulle in the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the government in exile in Algiers and was until 1945, the French ambassador to the Ankara government in exile. From 1945 to 1946, he was Ambassador of the French Provisional Government in Beirut, with the Delegate General of the League of Nations Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, Paul Emile

neg: History of Togo formally became a League of Nations mandate divided for administrative purposes between France and the United Kingdom. After World War I, newly founded Czechoslovakia was also interested in this colony but this idea did not succeed. Lome was initially allocated to the British zone but after negotiations transferred to France 1 October 1920. After World War II, the mandate became a UN trust territory administered by the United Kingdom and France. During the mandate and trusteeship periods, western Togo was administered as part of the British Gold Coast. In December 1956, the residents of British Togoland voted to join the

neg: Treaty of Versailles act as disinterested trustees over a region, aiding the native populations until they could govern themselves. In spite of this position and in order to ensure that Japan did not refuse to join the League of Nations, Wilson favored turning over the former German colony of Shandong, in Eastern China, to Japan rather than return the area to Chinese control. Further confounding the Americans, was US internal partisan politics. In November 1918, the Republican Party won the Senate election by a slim margin. Wilson, a Democrat, refused to include prominent Republicans in the American delegation making his efforts seem partisan,

neg: Bill Airey retirement he was "one of New Zealand's best known historians, respected by students for his careful expression, a painstaking scholarship, and his 'humane and highly moral non-conformity'." Throughout his academic career, Airey was heavily involved in social activist groups, including the Student Christian Movement, the League of Nations Union of New Zealand, the New Zealand Spanish Medical Aid Committee, the Workers Educational Association, and the New Zealand Peace Council. He admired the Soviet Union and was interested in Marxism, but did not join the New Zealand Communist Party. Airey died in Auckland on 20 September 1968. Bill Airey Willis Thomas

neg: Bob Beswick at Leigh, Beswick won the Championship title in 2014 and 2015. He was named in the Leigh squad for 2016 but did not feature for the club during the season. In 2016 it was announced that he would join Toronto Wolfpack for their inaugural season in 2017, also becoming the club's head of strength and conditioning. Beswick is an Irish international. He was named in the Ireland squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. He was named in the Ireland squad as captain for the 2009 European Nations Cup. At the end of the 2014 season, Bob captained Ireland

neg: Budge Manzia in the Congolese squad for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations but did not play. He was also named in the Congolese squad for 2013 African U-20 Championship. Budge Manzia Budge Manzia (born 24 September 1994) is a Congolese international football player who currently plays for SK Sigma Olomouc. He has represented DR Congo internationally. At club level, Manzia played in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 for Étoile du Sahel before moving to the Czech Republic to join FK Dukla Prague in January 2014. He joined Baník Sokolov of the second league on loan in July 2015. He scored in

neg: 2008–09 ISU Junior Grand Prix with a skater who had qualified for the free skate at Junior Worlds were allowed to enter one skater in seven of the events. Member nations who did not qualify for the free skate but placed 25th through 30th in the short program were allowed to enter one skater in six of the events. All other nations were allowed to enter one skater in five of the events. There were provisions for additional entries per member country if another country did not use all of its allotted entries. In pairs, member nations were allowed to enter up to three teams

neg: José María Noriega cup in both 1981 and 1986, scoring in the former. In 1986–87, Noriega's contribution was significantly diminished due to injury, not playing at all until April and registering only 267 minutes (scoring twice) in the league. He did manage to complete 90 minutes in what would be his final appearance for the club, a 2–1 win away to UD Las Palmas on 20 June 1987. Noriega began the 1987–88 season with Athletic but did not play any competitive fixtures and soon moved on, dropping down to the second level to join newly-promoted CD Tenerife on the eve of his 29th

neg: Enlargement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations be realized in 2017, since the feasibility studies conducted by both countries on Timor-Leste's stability, security, economy, and culture would be finished by the end of 2016. The Philippines, a close ally of Timor-Leste, would be the ARF host for 2017. A number of countries had expressed an interest in becoming part of ASEAN despite being outside the geographical limits of Southeast Asia. Laos supports Bangladesh gaining observer status in ASEAN. Sri Lanka was initially invited to join ASEAN as a founding member on 8 August 1967, however the country did not proceed as ASEAN was pro-Western and Sri Lanka

neg: Iroquois the 18th century, these original five tribes are the ones that still compose the Haudenosaunee in the early 21st century: the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and Seneca. Other Iroquoian-language peoples, including the populous Wyandot (Huron), with related social organization and cultures, became extinct as tribes as a result of disease and war. They did not join the League when invited and were much reduced after the Beaver Wars and high mortality from Eurasian infectious diseases. While the First Nations and Native Americans sometimes tried to remain neutral in the various colonial frontier wars, some also allied with one nation or

neg: History of Icelandic nationality of culture held dear by many Icelanders is their history of non violence and neutrality. The idea of Iceland as an unarmed nation with no military force became a tradition which shaped the idea the population held about itself. It was this pacifism which stopped Iceland from joining the United Nations in 1944, and although it made contributions to the Allies, it would not declare war. When it did join the UN in 1946, the terms were that there would be no military bases in the country. The importance placed on pacifism was a significant part of Icelandic national identity.

neg: League of Militant Atheists that any League member who entered a church (to conduct antireligious work by checking on the strength of believers or numbering them) had to first receive local branch approval beforehand in order so that he did not give the impression that he was going to the church to pray. In contrast the League in Tashkent actually tried to translate the Quran into Uzbek so that more Muslims could read it, in hope that when Muslims were able to read what the Quran actually said, they would reject its content as fallacious. All members of the Komsomol were obligated to join

neg: United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine Others (2 countries):" "African (1 country):" "Latin American and Caribbean (1 country):" "Latin American and Caribbean (6 countries):" "Asia-Pacific (1 country):" "African (1 country):" "Western European and Others (1 country):" "Eastern European (1 country):" "Asia-Pacific (1 country):" If analysed by the modern composition of what later came to be known as the United Nations Regional Groups showed relatively aligned voting styles in the final vote. This, however, does not reflect the regional grouping at the time, as a major reshuffle of regional grouping occurred in 1966. All Western nations voted for the resolution, with the exception of the United Kingdom

neg: 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League Señor, Competition: Friday, November 12, 2010 – Start: 3:30 pm, prize money: 12000 arg$ CSIO 4* – March 3, 2011 to March 6, 2011 – Wellington, Florida, Competition: Friday, March 4, 2011 The best-placed team of the 2011 Promotional League Final move into the 2012 FEI Nations Cup. 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League The 2011 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League is the 2011 edition of the secondary international team Grand Prix show jumping competition run by the FEI. A team of a country that belongs to one of the 2011 FEI Nations Cup teams can not earn points in

neg: Euro Beach Soccer League the 2006-07 format could not be implemented. Instead, all the teams of the league (of all abilities) competed in one unified division in what was ultimately an anomalous season in terms of its format. Heading into the 2009 season, BSWW did not return to the 2006-07 format and instead completely revamped the league's format, primarily introducing a system of promotion and relegation between Divisions A and B involving making the Superfinal a Division A only event, the establishment of a second post-season event exclusively for Division B nations, the "Promotion Final", in which promotion is achieved, and reverting to having

neg: Legal history of cannabis in Canada she took in presenting research they had assisted her with. According to Carstairs, "There were insinuations in the records that the bureaucrats at the division of narcotic control did not think very highly of Emily Murphy and did not pay attention to what she was writing about, and they didn't consider her a particularly accurate or valuable source." More likely, cannabis was added to the list because of Canadian involvement in international conferences where it was discussed. According to one government official, cannabis was outlawed after the Director of the Federal Division of Narcotic Control returned from League of Nations

neg: W. T. Cosgrave Irish Free State, they did not trust the British to respect this new independence. The government embarked on fairly radical foreign initiatives. In 1923 the Irish Free State became a member of the League of Nations. The Free State became the first British Commonwealth country to have a separate or non-British representative in Washington, D.C.. The new state also exchanged diplomats with many other European nations. The Anglo-Irish Treaty itself also gave the Irish much more independence than many other dominions. The Oath of Allegiance in Ireland was much less royalist than in Canada or Australia. The king's representative in

neg: Foreign relations of New Zealand Zealand government felt threatened by Labour's foreign policy because of its reliance upon the League of Nations. The League was distrusted and Wellington did not expect to see the coming of a peaceful world order under League auspices. What had been the Empire's most loyal dominion became a dissenter as it opposed efforts the first and second British Labour governments to trust the League's framework of arbitration and collective security agreements. The governments of the Reform and United parties between 1912 and 1935 followed a "realistic" foreign policy. They made national security a high priority, were skeptical of international institutions

neg: Four-Power Pact negative impact of France’s allies in Central and Eastern Europe. The rise of Adolf Hitler to power was an adequate reason to propose alternative power arrangements. However, what had started as an alternative to the League of Nations ended as a reassertion of devotion to that failing institution. Hitler was willing to accept the gratuitous triumph of the League of Nation’s death. The pact soon failed, but Britain in particular did not easily throw away the Four-Power idea. German withdrawal from the League put the Pact on hold. The pact has had major impact on modern law. Throughout the next

neg: Omer Nishani anything much, but I fought Zog as much as I could. And I had good comrades on the newspaper who helped me in that direction. I did not give up, but what was I to do, die in exile? I was longing to see the country and my people. I came back, but these fascists and occupiers and all the rogues who serve them like dogs, I hate them like death. But you are going to say, then why did you join the 'Council of State'? I had to, because I have nothing to live on and I have a

neg: Ellemann–Jensen doctrine diplomatic relations with the three countries. The doctrine should seen in the context of Danish political history as the official break with the "Spirit of 1864". In 1864, Denmark lost the final war (Second war of Schleswig) in a series of devastating defeats during which she lost three-fourths of her territory. The "Spirit of '64" had as its slogan, "what was lost outwards must be won inwards" and was essentially an isolationist policy preaching a high level of deference towards neighbouring nations and an emphasis on domestic development. Denmark did thus not join any of the European alliances at that

neg: Aleksandar Tsankov troops followed and, although they did not stay long following condemnation by the League of Nations, the country was left crippled by debt and Tsankov was removed from office after failing to secure a loan for the country. By this point any support for Tsankov had dwindled as the people tired of his reign of terror. After being removed from the political mainstream, Tsankov began to develop an admiration for Fascism and soon became a supporter of Adolf Hitler. In 1932 he set up his own National Social Movement largely in imitation of the Nazi Party. The movement proved fairly

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1421 jurisdiction the country did not accept and Statute came into force on 1 July 2002. The extension of UNMIBH's mandate allowed more time for consultations regarding immunity for United Nations personnel who were nationals of countries that did not recognise the ICC. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1421 United Nations Security Council resolution 1421, adopted unanimously on 3 July 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, particularly resolutions 1357 (2001), 1418 (2002) and 1420 (2002), the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission

neg: History of the United States (1918–1945) campaigned for the U.S. to join the new League of Nations, which he had been instrumental in creating, but he rejected the Republican compromise on the issue, and it was impossible to gain a 2/3 majority. During a grueling cross-country tour to promote the League, Wilson suffered a series of strokes. He never recovered physically and lost his leadership skills and was unable to negotiate or compromise. The Senate rejected entry into the League. Defeat in the Great War left Germany in a state of turmoil and heavily in debt for war reparations, payments to the victorious Allies. The Allies

neg: Foreign relations of Mauritania Foreign relations of Mauritania The foreign relations of The Islamic Republic of Mauritania have been dominated since independence by the issues of the Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara or Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) as well as recognition of its independence by its neighbours, particularly Morocco. Mauritania's foreign relations are handled by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, and the incumbent foreign minister is Ahmed Ould Teguedi. Mauritania became independent from France in 1960. However, it did not join the United Nations until 1961 due to an initial veto by the Soviet Union. The Arab League disapproved of Mauritanian independence

neg: Jurgis Savickis for a little less than a year before moving to Geneva, Switzerland, to work as the Lithuanian representative to the League of Nations. During his tenure, Germany ultimatum forced Lithuania to give up the Klaipėda Region (Memelland) in March 1939. At the end of 1939, two Lithuanian legations in Geneva and Bern were consolidated, leaving Jurgis Šaulys in Switzerland and moving Savickis to Kaunas. He was offered a position in the Propaganda Department, but refused. At the time of the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940, Savickis was resting in his villa in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. He did not join the

neg: Arthur Szyk of the pasha of Marrakech – as a goodwill ambassador he received the Ordre des Palmes Académiques from the French government for this work. In 1931 he was invited to the seat of the League of Nations in Geneva, where he began illustrating the statute of the League. The artist made some of the pages of the statute but did not complete that work as a result of his disappointment with the policies of the organization in the 1930s. During his stay in France, Szyk maintained his ties with Poland. He often visited his home country, illustrated books, and exhibited

neg: Interim Peace demands for bases and troop transfer rights, but Finland continued to refuse. As diplomatic pressure had failed, arms were resorted to, and on November 30, 1939, the Soviet Union began an invasion of Finland—the Winter War. The Winter War produced in Finns a rude awakening to international politics. Condemnation by the League of Nations and by countries all over the world seemed to have no effect on Soviet policy. Sweden allowed volunteers to join the Finnish army, but did not send military support, and refused passage to French or British troops—which were in any event made ready in lower numbers

neg: Mariano Acevedo of 1 August 2012, earned a total of 18 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented his country at the 2009, and 2011 UNCAF Nations Cups as well as at the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Mariano Acevedo Mariano Elí Acevedo Fúnez (born 9 January 1983) is a Honduran footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Marathón in the Honduran Premier League. Acevedo has played the large part of his career for Marathón, and is a midfielder. He has played for Marathón in the CONCACAF Champions League. In May 2013 he did not accept a pay cut by Marathón and

neg: Racism in France political leaders against minority groups. In 2009, Nadine Morano, Secretary of State for the Family, explained that what she expected from the young French Muslim was that “he love his country, that he find a job, that he not speak "verlan" or slang, that he not wear his baseball cap backwards”. In February 2012, the Minister of the Interior at the time, Claude Gueant continued the targeting of Islamic populations by stating that leftist ideologies were wrong and that in fact, all civilizations did not equate each other. He stated that nations which defend liberty, equality and fraternity (France’s motto)

neg: League of Nations 3 October 1932, these territories did not begin to gain their independence until after the Second World War, in a process that did not end until 1990. Following the demise of the League, most of the remaining mandates became United Nations Trust Territories. In addition to the mandates, the League itself governed the Territory of the Saar Basin for 15 years, before it was returned to Germany following a plebiscite, and the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) from 15 November 1920 to 1 September 1939. The aftermath of the First World War left many issues to be settled,

neg: Hydraulic fracturing by country not being heard. Much of the media coverage on the protests has portrayed the First Nations people as violent and destructive. However, what most people do not know is that the land in question is legally First Nation land. The Peace and Friendship Treaties of 1760–1761 did not cede land or resources, the government of Canada does not own the land and therefore cannot legally permit SWN to use the land for fracking purposes. On 6 December, SWN announced it was stopping fracking for the year, leaving the job incomplete. Four out of Canada's 10 provinces currently have province-wide bans

neg: 1983 VFA season Football League, Berwick had played finals for the previous eleven seasons, and was admitted to the second division as the twelfth club on 19 November 1982. The SWGFL did not want to lose Berwick, which was one of its more successful and higher drawing clubs, so it refused to grant its players clearances to join the Association; there was a stand-off between the two competitions, and both the Association and the SWGFL included Berwick in their 1983 fixtures. The Victorian Country Football League, to which the SWGFL belonged, was one of the only football bodies with which the Association still