query: what geographic feature separates north africa from the rest of africa

pos: Geography of Africa of Morocco, Namibia, and the interior of Angola. One of the most wideaspread plain is the African Surface, a composite etchplain occurring across much of the continent. The area between the east and west coast highlands, which north of 17° N is mainly desert, is divided into separate basins by other bands of high ground, one of which runs nearly centrally through North Africa in a line corresponding roughly with the curved axis of the continent as a whole. The best marked of the basins so formed (the Congo basin) occupies a circular area bisected by the equator, once probably

pos: Geography of South Africa Geography of South Africa South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its coastline stretching more than from the desert border with Namibia on the Atlantic (western) coast southwards around the tip of Africa and then northeast to the border with Mozambique on the Indian Ocean. The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance, soon giving way to a mountainous escarpment (Great Escarpment) that separates the coast from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the coast from the escarpment. Although most of the country

pos: Prehistoric North Africa approximately where it is today, leading to the gradual desertification of the Sahara. The Sahara is now as dry as it was about 13,000 years ago. These conditions are responsible for what has been called the Sahara pump theory. During periods of a wet or "Green Sahara", the Sahara becomes a savanna grassland and various flora and fauna become more common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions and the flora and fauna are forced to retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley. This separates populations

pos: Additive rhythm and divisive rhythm metrical perspective then, the two ways of perceiving tresillo constitute two different rhythms. On the other hand, from the perspective of simply the pattern of attack-points, tresillo is a shared element of traditional folk music from the northwest tip of Africa to southeast tip of Asia. "Tresillo" is also found within a wide geographic belt stretching from Morocco in North Africa to Indonesia in South Asia. Use of the pattern in Moroccan music can be traced back to slaves brought north across the Sahara Desert from present-day Mali. This pattern may have migrated east from North Africa to Asia through

pos: Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa call "tresillo", a Spanish word meaning 'triplet'. The basic figure is also found within a wide geographic belt stretching from Morocco in North Africa to Indonesia in South Asia. This pattern may have migrated east from North Africa to Asia with the spread of Islam: use of the pattern in Moroccan music can be traced back to slaves brought north across the Sahara Desert from present-day Mali. In African music, this is a cross-rhythmic fragment generated through cross-rhythm: 8 pulses ÷ 3 = 2 cross-beats (consisting of three pulses each) with a remainder of a partial cross-beat (spanning two pulses).

pos: North Africa principal geographic regions of North Africa: the Maghreb, the Nile valley, and the Sahel. The Maghreb or western North Africa on the whole is believed to have been inhabited by Berbers since at least 10,000 B.C., while the eastern part of North Africa or the Nile Valley has mainly been home to the Egyptians. Ancient Egyptians record extensive contact in their Western desert with people that appear to have been Berber or proto-Berber. As the Tassili n'Ajjer and other rock art findings in the Sahara have shown, the Sahara also hosted various populations before its rapid desertification in 3500 B.C

pos: Cabbage moth moth spans a wide geographic range encompassing the entire Palearctic region. Due to this wide geographic region and the presence of various populations globally, local adaptations have resulted in a species with high variability in life history and behavior across different populations. The cabbage moth has a wide geographic distribution across parts of Europe and Asia ranging from about 30°N to 70°N in latitude. This geographic range is within the Palearctic region, which includes parts of Europe, Asia north of the Himalayan Mountains, and Africa north of the Sahara Desert. As many host plants are both endemic or domesticated in

pos: Neolithic Revolution quickly from the Fertile Crescent to the rest of Eurasia and North Africa, while it did not reach through the North-South axis of Africa to reach the Mediterranean climates of South Africa, where temperate crops were successfully imported by ships in the last 500 years. Similarly, the African Zebu of central Africa and the domesticated bovines of the fertile-crescent — separated by the dry sahara desert — were not introduced into each other's region. Despite the significant technological advance, the Neolithic revolution did not lead immediately to a rapid growth of population. Its benefits appear to have been offset by

pos: Genetic studies on Moroccans Genetic studies on Moroccans Moroccan genetics encompasses the genetic history of the people of Morocco, and the genetic influence of this ancestry on world populations. It has been heavily influenced by geography. In prehistoric times, the Sahara desert to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the north were important geographical barriers. West Asia and Northeast Africa form a single land mass at the Suez. The Maghreb and Southwest Europe are separated by only 15 km (9 mi) at the Straits of Gibraltar, and a similar distance separates the Horn of Africa from the Arabian peninsula at the Bab el-Mandeb

pos: Geography of Morocco Geography of Morocco Morocco spans from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on the north and the west respectively, into large mountainous areas in the interior body, to the Sahara desert in the far south. Morocco is a Northern African country, located in the extreme north west of Africa on the doors of continental Europe. The strait of Gibraltar separates Spain off Morocco with a span of water. Morocco borders the North Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the west Mediterranean Sea to the north. The terrain of Morocco is largely mountainous. The Atlas Mountains stretch from the central north

pos: Ira Block Ira Block Ira Block (born 1949) is an American photographer. Since the mid-1970s, he has shot many stories for the "National Geographic Magazine", "National Geographic Traveler", and also National Geographic Adventure. He has photographed diverse locations in Africa, the Australian outback, the Gobi Desert, Siberia, and the North Pole where he spent three months with the late Japanese explorer Naomi Uemura. Block's archive includes rare archaeological relics from ancient sites in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, as well as some of the only recorded images of the ritual dances of the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest. While a

pos: Ira Block workshops and lectures throughout the world. He is also a frequent lecturer and conducts workshops around the world. Ira Block Ira Block (born 1949) is an American photographer. Since the mid-1970s, he has shot many stories for the "National Geographic Magazine", "National Geographic Traveler", and also National Geographic Adventure. He has photographed diverse locations in Africa, the Australian outback, the Gobi Desert, Siberia, and the North Pole where he spent three months with the late Japanese explorer Naomi Uemura. Block's archive includes rare archaeological relics from ancient sites in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, as well as some of

neg: La Santé Prison Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. The prison is surrounded by: One of the peculiarities of la Santé today is that, until 2000, inmates were divided by geographic origin and ethnicity within the prison. One group of prisoners (those who are studying in particular) are grouped into sections but most of them are scattered in blocks which are four in number: Block A: Western Europe Block B: Black Africa Block C: North Africa Block D: rest of the world. These blocks have recently undergone substantial renovations. The prison was partially closed from 2014 until 2019 in order to be rehabilitated; the parole section,

neg: North Africa included in the Sahel evidence cultural similarities and historical overlap with their North African neighbours. In the present day, North Africa is associated with West Asia in the realm of geopolitics to form a Middle East-North Africa region. The Islamic influence in the area is also significant and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world. Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration. North Africa has three main geographic features: the Sahara

neg: R51 (South Africa) where the freeway meets the eastern terminus of the R54 Route (In Mpumalanga, just north of the Vaal River, which separates this area from Villiers, Free State). R51 (South Africa) The R51 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Bapsfontein with the N3 between Villiers and Heidelberg. The Route begins at Bapsfontein, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng at the 4-way intersection with the R25 Route and the R50 Route. As Pretoria Road, it goes south-south-west for 10km up to Petit (East of Kempton Park and north-east of Benoni), where it meets the M44 Metropolitan Route and continues by way of a

neg: Senegal Senegal Senegal (; ; ), officially the Republic of Senegal (; ), is a country in West Africa. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal also borders The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar. The unitary semi-presidential republic is the westernmost country in the mainland of

neg: Highveld Cape, Northern Cape, North West, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. The highest part of the Highveld, around 2100 m, is its northeastern well-defined boundary, where the plateau escarpment (the Mpumalanga Drakensberg) separates it from the Mpumalanga Lowveld, (containing, amongst others, the Kruger National Park).Another well defined boundary is to its north where the Magaliesberg separates the Highveld from the Bushveld. The continuation of the Great Escarpment to the south separates the Highveld from KwaZulu-Natal. The south-eastern portion of the Great Escarpment (that portion of the Great Escarpment most commonly referred to as "the" Drakensberg) rises to over 3000

neg: Aegisuchus was an important time in crocodilian evolution because many land masses were breaking up. What is now Europe and Asia was drifting away from Africa to form the Tethys Ocean, while North America continued to separate from the rest of Laurasia as the Atlantic Ocean widened. With the presence of several early crocodilians like "Borealosuchus", North America is often hypothesized as the continent of origin for Crocodylia. However, the presence of agyptosuchids such as "Aegisuchus" in northern Africa suggests that early crocodilian evolution was focused instead around the Tethys Ocean. The agyptosuchids represent a highly specialized and highly endemic branch

neg: Namibia Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia ( ; ), is a country in southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek,

neg: Pete Oxford Una Visión Personal (Mundo Diners, August 2013) Gorgeous Brunette and Stunning Blonde Run Wild in Marataba (Africa Geographic, February 2013) Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park (NBC News, 2013) Yasuni National Park seen through the lens of nature photog Pete Oxford (NBC News, 2013) Stories from Marataba: Babe the Bushpig (Africa Geographic, November 2012) Roaming with rhinos in South Africa (Wanderlust Travel Magazine, Issue 132, November 2012) Touched by lightning (Africa Geographic, October 2012) Iberian Lynx: Return of the Spanish Tiger (Discover Wildlife, March 2012) Rediscover Rupununi In Southern Guyana, A Wildlife Haven (Huffington Post, September 2011) Galapagos – in pictures (The

neg: Brachiosauridae Asia was separated from the rest of Pangaea by water from the late Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. While brachiosaurids were widely dispersed in the Late Jurassic, their geographic distribution narrowed in the Early Cretaceous. So far, brachiosaurid specimens have only been found in the Aptian-Albian region of North America. This reduction in distribution occurs immediately following the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. The brachiosaurid distribution in the Early Cretaceous has been interpreted as a result of regional extinctions in Europe, Africa, and South America. Overall, the Early Cretaceous seems to be a time of reduced sauropod diversity worldwide. It has been

neg: Geography of Angola fossil fauna. The diamond mine of Catoca preserved unexpected ancient dinosaur, mammal and crocodylomorph tracks with 128 Million years. Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Geographic coordinates: Map references: Africa "country comparison to the world:" 30 Coastline: 1,600 km Maritime claims: Like the rest of tropical Africa, Angola experiences distinct, alternating rainy and dry seasons. The coastal strip is tempered by the cool Benguela Current, resulting in a climate similar to coastal Peru or Baja California. It is semiarid in the South and along the coast to Luanda. There is a

neg: The Surgery Ship the ship again in August 2016. The series is due for broadcast mid 2017 on National Geographic Channel. The Africa Mercy hospital ship is run by non-governmental organisation "Mercy Ships" an international charity which has run hospital ships, primarily in West Africa since 1982. Mercy Ships offer surgical aid. Mercy Ships operates in primarily in West Africa, although recently it visited Madagascar for two field services. The TV broadcast of The Surgery Ship garnered many positive reviews including major Australian newspapers such as the Sydney Morning Herald, TV Tonight, News.com & Global Health Gateway The Surgery Ship single feature documentary

neg: Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court. Gauteng's southern border is the Vaal River, which separates it from the Free State. It also borders on North West to the west, Limpopo to the north, and Mpumalanga to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border. Most of Gauteng is on the

neg: Scottish watershed Hewitt, who in 1987 then walked the line of the watershed from south to north. The Royal Scottish Geographical Society (RSGS) reviewed Wright`s `Ribbon of Wildness` in 2011, and in acknowledging the significance of the route, stated that "Ribbon of Wildness gives a vivid introduction to this hitherto largely unknown geographic feature". Eight people have now done versions of this route: Scottish watershed The Scottish watershed is the drainage divide in Scotland that separates river systems that flow to the east into the North Sea from those that flow to the west and north into the Atlantic Ocean. At a

neg: Aterian not reflect the true variability of the archaeological record of North Africa during the Middle Stone Age from the Last Interglacial, and hints at how early modern humans dispersed into previously uninhabitable environments. This notwithstanding, the term still usefully denotes the presence of tanged tools in North African Middle Stone Age assemblages. Tanged tools persisted in North Africa until around 20,000 years ago, with the youngest sites located in Northwest Africa. By this time, the Aterian lithic industry had long ceased to exist in the rest of North Africa due to the onset of the Ice Age, which in North

neg: History of leprosy History of leprosy The history of leprosy was traced by geneticists in 2005 through its origins and worldwide distribution using comparative genomics. They determined that leprosy originated in East Africa or the Near East and traveled with humans along their migration routes, including those of trade in goods and slaves. The four strains of "M. leprae" are based in specific geographic regions. Strain 1 occurs predominantly in East Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region; strain 2 in Ethiopia, Malawai, Nepal/North India, and New Caledonia; strain 3 in Europe, North Africa, and the Americas; and strain 4 in West Africa and

neg: History of leprosy the paths of how the disease was spread throughout the world. They determined that leprosy originated in East Africa or the Near East and traveled with humans along their migration routes, including those of trade in goods and slaves. The four strains of "M. leprae" are based in specific geographic regions. Strain 1 occurs predominately in East Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region; strain 2 in Ethiopia, Malawai, Nepal/north India, and New Caledonia; strain 3 in North Africa, Europe, and the Americas; and strain 4 in West Africa and the Caribbean islands. The researchers created a map showing the dissemination

neg: The Surgery Ship The Surgery Ship The Surgery Ship is a documentary film (2014) and documentary TV series (2016) based on the real life events filmed onboard the hospital ship the "Africa Mercy". The single feature documentary was first commissioned in 2012 by Australian TV broadcaster SBS (Special Broadcast Service). Filming took place when the Africa Mercy was docked in Conakry, Guinea in 2012-2013. The completed film was broadcast in December 2013 in Australia followed by international festival release in 2014 of the longer feature documentary. In 2015 National Geographic commissioned The Surgery Ship as an eight episode series. Filming commenced on board

neg: Sub-Saharan Africa San (Bushmen), in Southeast Africa, the Sandawe and Hadza. The Niger–Congo family is the largest in the world in terms of the number of languages (1,436) it contains. The vast majority of languages of this family are tonal such as Yoruba, and Igbo, However, others such as Fulani and Wolof are not. A major branch of the Niger–Congo languages is Bantu, which covers a greater geographic area than the rest of the family. Bantu speakers represent the majority of inhabitants in southern, central and southeastern Africa, though San, Pygmy, and Nilotic groups, respectively, can also be found in those regions.

neg: North Riverdale, Bronx North Riverdale, Bronx North Riverdale is the northernmost part of the Riverdale neighborhood of the borough of the Bronx in New York City, particularly above 254th Street. It is a residential sub-neighborhood, and shares its northern border with Yonkers, New York in Westchester County. One of the geographic characteristics which gives all of Riverdale its suburban quality is that it lies on a high ridge which separates it from the rest of the city. The highest part of the ridge, at 284.5 feet above sea level, lies in North Riverdale, near Iselin Avenue and 250th Street. North Riverdale has been

neg: Geography of Guinea Geography of Guinea Guinea is a country on the coast of West Africa and is bordered by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Guinea is divided into four geographic regions: Maritime Guinea (Lower Guinea) a coastal plain running north to south behind the coast; the pastoral Fouta Djallon highlands (Middle Guinea); the northern savanna (Upper Guinea); and a southeastern rain-forest region (Forest Guinea). Guinea is in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. Its geographic coordinates are . Guinea's total area is 245,857 km², comprising 245,717 km² of land and 140 km²

neg: Geography of Guinea south, east or west than any other location. Geography of Guinea Guinea is a country on the coast of West Africa and is bordered by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Guinea is divided into four geographic regions: Maritime Guinea (Lower Guinea) a coastal plain running north to south behind the coast; the pastoral Fouta Djallon highlands (Middle Guinea); the northern savanna (Upper Guinea); and a southeastern rain-forest region (Forest Guinea). Guinea is in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. Its geographic coordinates are . Guinea's total area is 245,857 km²,

neg: Sharon Pincott from their mothers and families inside Hwange National Park and transported to Chinese zoos, appealing to Zimbabwe's new President Emmerson Mnangagwa for an immediate review of policy and ultimately delivering a petition that attracted 287,509 signatures. Her elephant conservation work has been profiled in "National Geographic", BBC Wildlife and "Africa Geographic". She has been interviewed by writers for "Intrepid Explorer" magazine, South Africa "The Zimbabwean" newspaper, "The Sydney Morning Herald", and "Travel Africa" magazine. She has published three books: "The Elephants and I" (Jacana Media, South Africa 2009), "Battle for the President's Elephants" (Jacana Media, South Africa 2012) and "Elephant

neg: Paul Salopek disease epidemics ravaging Africa, witnessed firsthand as he traveled, sometimes by canoe, through rebel-controlled regions of the Congo." Salopek was a general assignment reporter on the Tribune's Metropolitan staff, reporting on immigration, the environment and urban affairs. He spent several years as the Tribune's bureau chief in Johannesburg. Salopek reported from Sudan for a 2003 "National Geographic" story, "Shattered Sudan: Drilling for Oil, Hoping for Peace." He wrote "Who Rules the Forest?" from Africa for "National Geographic" in September 2005, examining the effects of war in Central Africa. While on freelance assignment for "National Geographic" in Darfur, Sudan, he was

neg: East Africa East Africa East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term "East Africa" is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore

neg: Queens County, Prince Edward Island bays on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland Strait. The most important geographic feature of Queens County is the Hillsborough River and its extensive estuary, which almost separates both the county and Prince Edward Island in half. to extensive farming operations throughout interior regions. . Queens County was formed in 1765, and was named by Captain Samuel Holland in honour of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, then queen consort of the United Kingdom. Historically the economy of the county has been primarily agricultural, similar to rest of Prince Edward Island. Today, the county is characterised by urban sprawl extending from Charlottetown

neg: History of North Africa eastern part of North Africa with Neolithic farmers becoming predominant by 6000 BC. Over this period, the Sahara region was steadily drying, creating a barrier between North Africa and the rest of the African continent. Various populations of pastoralists have left paintings of abundant wildlife, domesticated animals, chariots, and a complex culture that dates back to at least 10,000 BCE in Northern Niger and neighboring parts of Algeria and Libya. Several former northern Nigerian villages and archaeological sites date from the Green Sahara period of 7,500-7,000 to 3,500-3,000 BCE The Nile Valley on the Eastern edge of North Africa is

neg: Burseraceae diverged and emigrated from North America into Africa, Madagascar, and India. "Commiphora" dispersed throughout Africa during the Middle Eocene (about 44 Mya) and from Africa to Madagascar during the Oligocene (about 30 Mya) via the Mozambique Channel Land Bridge; the spread to India was more recent (about 5 Mya). The Canarieae and Boswelliinae (subtribes of Bursereae) dispersed from western Laurasia and spread eastward during the Eocene; fossils of Canarium, for example, from the Czech Republic date to the Late Oligocene (23 Mya). Finally, the Protieae originated in North America like the rest of the family, then migrated to Africa and

neg: Haplogroup E-V68 data, and concluded that the E-M78 lineages in the Horn of Africa were dominated by relatively recent branches (see E-V32 below). They concluded that the region of Egypt was the likely place of origin of E-M78 based on "the peripheral geographic distribution of the most derived subhaplogroups with respect to northeastern Africa, as well as the results of quantitative analysis of UEP and microsatellite diversity". Another probable migration to the south from Egypt was noted by based upon their survey of Sudan. Specifically E-V12 and E-V22, "might have been brought to Sudan from North Africa after the progressive desertification of

neg: Afroasiatic Urheimat according to archaeologists spread rapidly across North Africa once they were introduced from the Near East i.e. Ounan points. A scenario that also fits the linguistic evidence is one in which Afroasiatic languages were introduced into Africa together with advanced hunting techniques before the subsequent introduction of agriculture. The Horn of Africa, particularly the area of Ethiopia and Eritrea, has been proposed by some linguists as the origin of the language group because it includes the majority of the diversity of the Afroasiatic language family and has very diverse groups in close geographic proximity, sometimes considered a telltale sign for

neg: Gambian epauletted fruit bat the calpain content of neurons. (Fenton) Fruit bats are tropical animals, but some species live in areas with only a limited fruiting season, as in east Africa where the Gambian epauletted fruit bat might feed on figs during the rainy season but in the semi-arid conditions of the rest of the year may have to fly several hundred miles to find a different climate where other trees are still in fruit. The epauletted fruit bat's geographic range is from southern Zaire and Tanzania to eastern South Africa, and southern Sudan and Ethiopia to Senegal and southern Mali (Wilson). They are

neg: Lacertoidea in a group named the Lacertibaenia. Lacertoids have a wide geographic distribution. The Lacertidae are found throughout Europe and Asia, with a major radiation endemic to Africa. The Teiidae are diverse in South America, but some members of the group occur in southern North America as well. The Amphisbaenia are especially widespread, occurring in North America, Europe, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. The origins of the group are unclear. The oldest definitive lacertoid is the amphisbaenian "Plesiorhineura", from the early Paleocene of North America. Given that it resembles modern worm lizards, the lacertoids most likely appeared and diversified in

neg: Arabidopsis thaliana of this species to different environments. "A. thaliana" is native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and human observations indicate its geographic distribution is rather continuous from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia and Spain to Greece. It also appears to be native in tropical alpine ecosystems in Africa and perhaps South Africa. It has been introduced and naturalized worldwide, including in North America ca. the 17 century. "A. thaliana" readily grows and often pioneers rocky, sandy and calcareous soils. It is generally considered a weed, due to its widespread distribution in agricultural fields, roadside, railway lines, waste ground and other disturbed habitat, but

neg: Flight length Flight length In aviation, the flight length is defined as the distance of a flight. Eurocontrol defines short-haul routes as shorter than , medium-haul between and long-haul routes as longer than . The Association of European Airlines defines Long-haul as flights to Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Australasia and medium haul as flights to north Africa and Middle East. Air Berlin defines short and medium-haul as flights to Europe/northern Africa and long-haul to the rest of the world. Air France defines short haul as domestic, medium haul as within Europe/North Africa and long haul as the rest of the world. Virgin

neg: United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy is one of seven subcommittees of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The subcommittee deals with all matters concerning U.S. relations with countries in Africa (except those, like the countries of North Africa, specifically covered by other subcommittees), as well as regional intergovernmental organizations like the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States. This subcommittee’s regional responsibilities include all matters within the geographic region, including matters relating to: (1) terrorism and non-proliferation; (2) crime and

neg: Netanya bridge between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The city is the capital of the Sharon plain, a geographic region stretching from the Mediterranean in the west to the Samarian hills in the east, and the modern day Tel Aviv metropolitan area in the south northwards to Mount Carmel. Although capital of a densely populated region, Netanya itself is relatively separate from settlements to the north, south, and east, though over time, growth has incorporated some into what makes up modern day Netanya. Apart from some small moshavim and kibbutzim, south of Netanya is relatively clear of settlement until Herzliya and the

neg: Bob Citron while living in Africa and founded a film production company, Limpopo Films Ltd., which produced a series of documentary and travel films for television. These films included "Zululand to Zambia", "Ten Thousand Mile Safari", "Europe North", "Africa South", "An American Boy in Russia", and others. In the 1960s, while with the Smithsonian Institution, Citron made a series of films in Africa on field research expeditions including "The Wama Pygmies of the Congo", "The Borana Tribe of Ethiopia", "The Meteorites of Southwest Africa", and others. In the 1970s Citron and National Geographic made a series of television documentaries and educational films

neg: Geography of Africa progressive diminution in altitude towards the west and north is observable. Apart from the lowlands and the Atlas mountain range, the continent may be divided into two regions of higher and lower plateaus, the dividing line (somewhat concave to the north-west) running from the middle of the Red Sea to about 6 deg. S. on the west coast. Africa can be divided into a number of geographic zones: The high southern and eastern plateaus, rarely falling below , have a mean elevation of about . The South African Plateau, as far as about 12° S, is bounded east, west and

neg: NBA Africa Game 2015 Buford. NBA Africa Game 2015 The 2015 NBA Africa Game was an exhibition basketball game played on August 1, 2015 in Ellis Park Arena in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was the first NBA game, and the first game involving any major North American professional sports league, to take place on the continent of Africa. It was contested between Team Africa, featuring NBA players and alumni that were born in or had parents born in Africa, and Team World, featuring NBA players from the rest of the world. Team World won the exhibition game by a score of 101–97. <section begin=2015/>

neg: NBA Africa Game 2015 NBA Africa Game 2015 The 2015 NBA Africa Game was an exhibition basketball game played on August 1, 2015 in Ellis Park Arena in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was the first NBA game, and the first game involving any major North American professional sports league, to take place on the continent of Africa. It was contested between Team Africa, featuring NBA players and alumni that were born in or had parents born in Africa, and Team World, featuring NBA players from the rest of the world. Team World won the exhibition game by a score of 101–97. <section begin=2015/> San

neg: Winds in the Age of Sail In Africa this trade extended about as far as Mozambique at the southern limit of monsoon winds. Further south was a lee shore with no trade goods that could not be obtained further north. It is not clear how far south trade and geographic knowledge extended, but there is said to be a Chinese map of the thirteenth century showing Africa in roughly its true shape and there is a Venetian report from the mid-fifteenth century of a Chinese or Javanese junk seen off the southwest African coast. Northwest Africa: A European who leaves the Strait of Gibraltar soon hits

neg: Pan-African Ornithological Congress Pan-African Ornithological Congress The Pan-African Ornithological Congress (PAOC) is a regular conference on African ornithology, usually held every four years at an African venue. Its geographic scope is: "...the entire continent from North Africa to the Cape of Good Hope, and east to the Suez Canal and Red Sea; the Cape Verde, Madeira and Canary islands; also isolated Atlantic Oceanic islands nearer Africa than South America, Antarctic islands south of Africa and the African-facing coast of Antarctica, the Seychelles, Comoros, Socotra, Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. All continental shelf islands (e.g. Zanzibar, Fernando Po — now Bioko) are considered areas of

neg: Genetic studies on Moroccans strait. At periods of low sea-levels, such as during a glacial maximum, islands that are currently submerged in the Mediterranean, and possibly in between the Gibraltar straits, would have been habitable. These may have encouraged bidirectional demic diffusion between Africa and Europe. During wetter phases of the Sahara, some populations in central Africa would have moved north into southern parts of North Africa. West Asian populations would have also been attracted to a wet Sahara, arriving either through the Suez, the Bab el-Mandeb or the Mediterranean. As a result of these geographic influences, the genetic profile of the Moroccan population

neg: Damien Mander their fourth generation of unmanned drones, which feature thermal and night-vision technology for use in military-style anti-poaching operations. Mander's anti-poaching and environmentalism work has been featured in National Geographic, Africa Geographic, 60 Minutes, Animal Planet, Al Jazeera, Voice of America, Forbes, Sunday Times, and Good Weekend Magazine. In 2013, Mander gave a presentation about conservation at TEDx Sydney titled "Modern Warrior". Mander featured, both as a narrator and as a cast member, in "Unity", a feature-length documentary.The subject of the film focuses on humanity’s propensity for apathy and empathy, it is divided into four parts: Body, Mind, Heart and Soul.

neg: Pierre Zalloua He is currently leading an investigative team that will obtain DNA samples from indigenous populations in the Middle East and North Africa to study their genetic commonalities. This study is part of what is known as the Genographic Project (a grant from the National Geographic Society, 2006–2010). He was also the principal investigator for the FGENTCARD Project, a European Union research project (2007–2009). He was recently awarded a large grant from the Qatar National Research Foundation to study the genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. Dr. Zalloua graduated from the American University of Beirut in 1987 with a B.S. in

neg: Pingualuit crater extinct volcano, in which case the area might contain diamond deposits similar to those of South Africa. However, Meen's knowledge of Canadian geology tentatively ruled out a volcanic origin. Meen subsequently made a brief trip by air to the crater with Chubb in 1950; it was on this trip that Meen proposed the name "Chubb Crater" for the circular feature and "Museum Lake" for the irregular body of water about north of the crater (curr. Laflamme Lake). Following his return, Meen organized a proper expedition with the cooperation of the National Geographic Society and the Royal Ontario Museum. They travelled

neg: Southern Africa Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries. The term "southern Africa" or "Southern Africa", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, though Angola may be included in Central Africa and Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe in East Africa. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power. Another geographic delineation for the region is the portion of Africa south of the Cunene and Zambezi Rivers – that

neg: British airborne operations in North Africa Brigadier Flavell, who argued that the brigade as a whole was exhausted and required rest. However, 3rd Parachute Battalion was ordered back to the front on 21 March and tasked with attacking a feature known as 'The Pimple' after a previous attack had failed with heavy casualties. It launched an attack on the feature that night, but was forced to withdraw by dawn the next day after exhausting its ammunition and taking numerous casualties. Because 'The Pimple' was regarded as a vital position from which a general Allied offensive could be launched, however, the brigade was ordered to attack it

neg: Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA) are rare in Southern Africa. The authors state "Without information about M293 in the Maasai, Hema, and other populations in Kenya, Sudan, and Ethiopia, we cannot pinpoint the precise geographic source of M293 with greater confidence. However, the available evidence points to present-day Tanzania as an early and important geographic locus of M293 evolution.". They also say that "M293 is only found in sub-Saharan Africa, indicating a separate phylogenetic history for M35.1 * (former) samples further north". E-P72 appears in Karafet (2008). announced that this is a subclade of E-M293. announced the discovery of E-V42 in two Beta Israel persons.

neg: Sierra Leone Mande and other African empires. This also reduced the Islamic influence of the Mali Empire but Islam, introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, became widely adopted in the 18th century. European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa in the 15th century. In 1462, Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra mapped the hills surrounding what is now Freetown Harbour, naming the shaped formation "Serra da Leoa" or "Serra Leoa" (Portuguese for Lioness Mountains). The Spanish rendering of this geographic formation is "Sierra Leona", which later was adapted and, misspelled, became the

neg: Water scarcity in Africa any region, as well as home to the most difficult countries to reach in terms of water aid. The prevalence of rural villages traps many areas in what the UN Economic Commission for Africa refers to as the "Harvesting Stage", which makes water-scarce regions difficult to aid because of a lack of industrial technology to make solutions sustainable. In addition to the geographic and developmental limiting factors, a number of political, economic reasons also stand in the way of ensuring adequate aid for Africa. Politically, tensions between local governments versus foreign non-governmental organizations impact the ability to successfully bring in

neg: North Africa across the region in a wave of Muslim conquest. These peoples, physically quite similar, formed a single population in many areas, as Berbers and Egyptians merged into Arabic and Muslim culture. This process of Arabization and Islamization has defined the cultural landscape of North Africa ever since. The distinction between North Africa, the Sahel and the rest of the continent is as follows: The Sahel or “African Transition Zone” has been affected by many formative epochs in North African history ranging from Ottoman occupation to the Arab-Berber control of the Andalus. As a result, many modern African nation-states that are

neg: Roosevelt in Africa was unable to do so during the Roosevelt voyage. The fake Selig film did feature a lion – a tamed aged lion. Roosevelt in Africa Roosevelt in Africa is a film by Cherry Kearton, released in 1910. It is a documentary featuring Theodore Roosevelt in Africa. It is shot in silent black and white. One of the biggest headline-grabbing stories of 1910 was former president Theodore Roosevelt's safari into Africa. Landing in Mombasa in 1909, Roosevelt spent months in the wilds of East Africa, hunting big game in parts of what are now Kenya and Uganda. For some of this

neg: Yucatán Peninsula Yucatán Peninsula The Yucatán Peninsula (; ), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America. It is approximately in area, and is almost entirely composed of limestone. The proper derivation of the word Yucatán is widely debated. Hernán Cortés, in the first of his letters to Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, claimed that the name Yucatán comes from a misunderstanding. In this

neg: R362 (South Africa) R362 (South Africa) The R362 is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects Strandfontein with the at Klawer. Its western terminus is Strandfontein on the Atlantic Ocean. It heads north along the coast to Papenkuil. From Papenkuil, it heads north-east along the south bank of the Olifants River. It crosses this river near Lutzville where it meets the north-west/south-east R363. The two run parallel to each other heading south-east for the rest of their length. The R362 on the north bank of the Olfiants, and R363 on the south (it crosses the river after meeting the R362). The two

neg: Landmark a landscape". A "landmark" literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. For example, the Table Mountain near Cape Town, South Africa is used as the landmark to help sailors to navigate around southern tip of Africa during the Age of Exploration. Artificial structures are also sometimes built to assist sailors in naval navigation. The Lighthouse of Alexandria and Colossus of Rhodes are ancient structures built to lead ships to the port. In modern usage, a landmark includes anything that is easily recognizable, such as a monument, building, or

neg: Southern Africa hunger, 61% are overweight or morbidly obese. There is only limited data on the other Southern African countries. Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries. The term "southern Africa" or "Southern Africa", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, though Angola may be included in Central Africa and Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe in East Africa. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power. Another geographic

neg: Lionel Friedberg Lionel Friedberg Lionel Friedberg is a documentary film director, producer and writer who has written or produced films for Animal Planet, CBS, PBS, the History Channel, the Discovery Channel and National Geographic Channel. He has 18 credits as Director of Photography on feature motion pictures, and has worked all over the world on both dramatic and nonfiction productions. Friedberg was born in South Africa. He began his career working in the television industry in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1961. He later directed numerous TV episodes and single dramas in South Africa and was the Chairman of the South African

neg: Abbassia Pluvial grasslands and woodlands south of the Sahara penetrated the entire North African region during the Abbassia Pluvial. Stone Age cultures (notably the Mousterian and the Aterian Industries) flourished in North Africa during the Abbassia Pluvial. The shift to harsher climate conditions that came with the end of the pluvial may have promoted the emigration of modern "Homo sapiens" out of Africa to the rest of the globe. Abbassia Pluvial The Abbassia Pluvial was an extended wet and rainy period in the climate history of North Africa, lasting from c. 120,000 to 90,000 years ago. As such it spans the transitional

neg: What Separates Me from You What Separates Me from You What Separates Me from You is the fourth studio album by American rock band A Day to Remember, and their third and final for Victory Records. Originally planned for release in late-October 2010, the album was delayed by a few weeks until mid-November. "What Separates Me from You" was released on November 15, 2010 in the UK, and on November 16 in the US. The album, which was recorded mainly at The Wade Studios in Ocala, Florida, from May to July 2010, was the first to feature guitarist Kevin Skaff. The album was produced mostly

neg: Social and cultural exchange in Al-Andalus Al-Andalus, Muslims were divided into three distinct ethnic groups. The largest group was the Berbers. It is important to note that these Berbers, which mostly came from North Africa, were mostly sedentary in lifestyle, not to be confused with the Nomadic Berbers found in roughly the same geographic region of North Africa. In terms of social class, after the invasion, Berbers mostly went on to form the rural proletariat. Although a number of them went to the cities, mostly working to pursue crafts. In terms of religion the Berbers were all Muslims, their ancestors having converted mostly to share in

neg: Tehachapi Mountains the famous Tehachapi Loop, crosses here also. The Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm is on its eastern side. The Tehachapis, though neither as long or high as other California mountain ranges, are often considered the topographic feature that separates this part of Northern California from Southern California, with the geographic boundary often being Kern County. Some historians consider that California averted a potential split into two separate states – "North California" and "South California" – from the early 20th century Ridge Route construction, the first highway crossing these mountains to connect the Greater Los Angeles and San Joaquin Valley regions. The

neg: Caste systems in Africa Dumont's system, including economic, ritual, spiritual, endogamous, elements of pollution, segregative and spread over a large region. According to Anne Haour – a professor of African Studies, some scholars consider the historic caste-like social stratification among African communities to be a pre-Islam feature while some consider it derived from the Arab influence. Caste systems in Africa Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West African and North African region. These caste systems feature endogamy, hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts

neg: Strategic Command 2: Blitzkrieg game in the series to feature weather conditions (such as rain or snow, which, for example, hampers the movement of air units), as well as diplomatic pressure. Using this feature, the player may eventually persuade a neutral country to either join the war on his side, or to prevent it from becoming his enemy. The major campaigns take place on a map encompassing all of Europe, as well as North Africa, Atlantic Ocean and east coast of North America. However, unlike the previous installment, "Blitzkrieg" also contains five scenarios played on smaller maps, namely North Africa, Battle of Kursk, D-Day,

neg: Croc (game designer) animals (e.g. door hinges are crabs and swords are the legs of praying mantises). In "In Nomine Satanis/Magna Veritas" (INS/MV, 1989), the contemporary world is the battleground of heaven and hell, in what looks like a war between two gangs or secret services. The character may adopt the role an angel or a demon, but these are very similar. In "Heavy Metal" (1991), in a futuristic world, a great wall separates the rich inhabitants of the north and the poor of the south (Africa). This ultra-violent society is controlled by the CRU, the Cybernetic Repression Units ("Unités de répression cybernétiques",

neg: Berberism Nacionalista Canaria (ANC), Unidad del Pueblo (UP), Inekaren and Azarug espouse the pro-Berber cause in a higher or lower degree. Some of the symbols and colors of the flags of the Canarian pro-independence organizations, as well as the use of the word 'Taknara' (rejected by Cubillo himself) to refer to the archipelago, are seeking to represent Berber cultural roots. Berberism Berberism (Berber: "Taẓermaziɣt") or Amazighism is a Berber political-cultural movement of ethnic, geographic, or cultural nationalism, started mainly in Kabylia, Algeria and in Morocco, later spreading to the rest of the Berber communities in North Africa. A Berber group, the

neg: Berberism Berberism Berberism (Berber: "Taẓermaziɣt") or Amazighism is a Berber political-cultural movement of ethnic, geographic, or cultural nationalism, started mainly in Kabylia, Algeria and in Morocco, later spreading to the rest of the Berber communities in North Africa. A Berber group, the Tuaregs, have been in rebellion against Mali since 2012, and established a temporarily "de facto" independent state called Azawad, which identified itself as Berber. The Berberist movement in Algeria and Morocco is in opposition to cultural Arabization and the pan-Arabist political ideology. In Azawad (northern Mali), the Tuareg-Berberist movement is also secularist and is in opposition to both Arabism

neg: History of glass in sub-Saharan Africa History of glass in sub-Saharan Africa Due to various differences in cultural histories and environmental resources, West African nations developed glass traditions distinct from Egypt, North Africa and the rest of the world. The presence of glass in Sub-Saharan Africa mostly consists of the importation of glass beads shipped primarily from the Middle East and Indian as early as 200-300AD; later, from Portugal, the Netherlands, and Venice. As most African cultures have long histories of crafting and adornment with beads made from wood, bone and shell, the introduction of glass as a bead material was widely and rapidly received. The

neg: R360 (South Africa) R360 (South Africa) The R360 is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects Upington with the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park) and the Namibian border. Its southern origin is the N10 at Upington. From there, it heads north-west for 150 kilometres until it meets the R31. The two-roads are co-signed for about 20 kilometres. At the village of Andriesvale. It then runs for 60 kilometres heading north along the Nossob River to reach the entrance to Kgalagadi at Twee Rivieren Rest Camp. It heads north-west through the park along the Auob River's banks to

neg: Cape Palmas the city of Harper, Liberia. In 1458 Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent his captain Diogo Gomes (1440–1482) on a voyage of discovery and trade that took him and his crew as far south down the coast of West Africa as the mouth of the cape and estuary, which marks the point where the direction of the coastline of West Africa ceases to have any southerly component, but turns definitively to the east, beginning the Gulf of Guinea. Gomes named this geographic feature Cabo das Palmas, i.e. "Cape of the Palms", which was later semi-Anglicized to "Cape Palmas". The

neg: TNM 02067 TNM 02067 extends the known geographic range of the group to another part of Gondwana, the African mainland. The uncertain age of locality TZ-07 renders a precise assessment of the significance of TNM 02067 difficult. It may well be older than the oldest previously known gondwanathere, the Campanian "Gondwanatherium". It also has implications for the hypothesis that Africa was isolated from the rest of Gondwana from an early date—as early as the early Cretaceous—and consequently had a fauna distinct from the rest of Gondwana for much of the Cretaceous, as it may be closely related to the sudamericids of South

neg: Sublime Frequencies Sublime Frequencies Sublime Frequencies is a record label based in Seattle, Washington that focuses exclusively on "acquiring and exposing obscure sights and sounds from modern and traditional urban and rural frontiers," mostly from Southeast Asia, North Africa and West Africa and the Middle East. The releases are usually divided into four categories: field recordings, folk and pop compilations, radio collages from specific geographic locales, and DVDs. The label is headed by Alan Bishop and Hisham Mayet. Its releases are produced in limited quantities (usually 1,000 copies). Its mission statement is: Sublime Frequencies is a collective of explorers dedicated to acquiring

neg: Capripoxvirus respectively. However, it is probable that North American relatives, the mountain goat and mountain sheep, may be susceptible to the strains but has not been experimentally proven. Lumpy skin disease virus affects primarily cattle, but studies have been shown that giraffes and impala are also susceptible to LSDV. Humans cannot be infected by Capripoxviruses. The geographic range of Capripoxvirus are bounded within Asia and Africa. SPPV and GTPV are limited to northern Africa, the Middle East, and continental Asia. In contrast, LSDV is only found in Sub-Saharan Africa. All Capripoxvirus species tend to be spread by means of insect vector.

neg: Capitalization geographic terms which are considered as proper nouns. The following are "examples" of rules that some British and U.S. publishers have established in style guides for their authors: Upper case: East Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, Central America, North Korea, South Africa, the North Atlantic, the Middle East, the Arctic, The Hague Lower case: western China, southern Beijing, western Mongolia, eastern Africa, northern North Korea, the central Gobi, the lower Yangtze River. Abbreviated When a term is used as a name and then subsequently a shorter term is used then that shorter term maybe used generically. If that is the

neg: Portuguese colonial architecture religious and civic, and both in Brazil and in the rest of the Portuguese Empire. Portuguese colonial architecture Portuguese colonial architecture refers to the various styles of architecture that the Portuguese built across the Portuguese Empire. Portuguese colonial Architecture can be found in the plethora of former colonies throughout South America, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Oceania, and East Asia. Many former colonies, especially Brazil, Macau, and India, promote their Portuguese colonial architecture as major tourist attractions. During the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire laid its foundations across the world as the world's first modern colonial empire, and what would

neg: Free Arabian Legion the Axis army and to recruit more local Arabs who formed a second battalion of auxiliaries who were used for guard duty and as construction troops. The whole unit was captured along with the rest of the Axis forces in Africa, May 1943. The remaining soldiers the 3rd battalion, i.e. the "Deutsche-Arabische Lehr Abteilung", who had not been sent to North Africa, were used, together with French residing Muslims from North Africa, to form into the "German-Arab Batallion 845" in the summer of 1943. They served in the Peloponnese region of Greece as part of the 41st Fortress Division from

neg: Horus swift Horus swift The Horus swift ("Apus horus") is a small bird in the swift family. It breeds in sub-Saharan Africa. It has an extensive continuous distribution from eastern and southern South Africa north to southern Zambia and central Mozambique, and has recently colonised the De Hoop Nature Reserve area of the Western Cape. It also occurs very discontinuously in much of the rest of the sub-Saharan region, with the Ethiopian mountains and the area from central Kenya into Uganda having large populations. Identification difficulties confuse the limits of this species’ range. Birds in South Africa are migratory, wintering further north.

neg: Clave (rhythm) both triple and duple-pulse. The standard pattern has strokes on: 1, 1a, 2& 2a, 3&, 4, 4a. The ethnomusicologist A.M. Jones observes that what we call "son clave, rumba clave", and the "standard pattern" are the most commonly used key patterns (also called "bell patterns, timeline patterns" and "guide patterns") in Sub-Saharan African music traditions and he considers all three to be basically "one and the same pattern". Clearly, they are all expressions of the same rhythmic principles. The three key patterns are found within a large geographic belt extending from Mali in northwest Africa to Mozambique in southeast Africa.

neg: Cerro Blanco Cerro Blanco Cerro Blanco is a hill and historical landmark in the city of Santiago, Chile. This geographic feature rises above the surrounding terrain and covers a surface area of . It is bordered by Recoleta Avenue on the east, Santos Dumont Avenue on the south and La Unión Street on the north. The latter street separates the hill from the Cementerio General de Santiago. Cerro Blanco (Blanco is Spanish for white) is named so because the white habit used by the Domenicans who were owners of the land where the hill stands during the colonial period. Completed in 1840,

neg: R533 (South Africa) R533 (South Africa) The R533 is a Regional Route in South Africa. Its western terminus is the R36 at Verraiersnek Pass in Limpopo between Ohrigstad and Mashishing (Lydenburg). Heading east, it crosses into Mpumalanga through De Berg Pass into Pilgrim's Rest. On the other side, the R532 joins from the south. The routes continue to Graskop where the R532 leaves heading north. From Graskop, the R533 carries on east through the Kowyns Pass. On the far side of the pass, the R535 diverges, heading just south of east, whereas the R533 then turns to a north-easterly direction, ending at an

neg: Apis mellifera iberiensis and North Africa. Studied be populations of Portugal there were no major differences between different geographical locations. Morphometric studies of Apis mellifera iberiensis populations in Asturias and northern Iberian Peninsula indicated that the Cantabrian Mountains produces insulation allowing for differences between populations. The results of microsatellites vary markedly between provinces. In Cadiz haplotype homogeneity contrasts with the microsatellite variability, suggesting the occurrence of recent phenomena of introgression from populations with African haplotypes, whose origin is indeterminate. Western honey bees differentiated into geographic subspecies as they spread from Asia into Europe and Africa. There are currently 28 recognized subspecies of "Apis

neg: Ostrich convergent evolution. Competition from ostriches has been suggested to have caused the extinction of the eogruids, though this has never been tested and both groups do co-exist in some sites. Order Struthioniformes (ostriches) Today ostriches are only found natively in the wild in Africa, where they occur in a range of open arid and semi-arid habitats such as savannas and the Sahel, both north and south of the equatorial forest zone. The Somali ostrich occurs in the Horn of Africa, having evolved isolated from the common ostrich by the geographic barrier of the East African Rift. In some areas, the

neg: Africanisms the conversation statements can be interpreted as past or present. Early language that was associated with cowboy culture came from Africa. The work buckaroo is a Efik or Ibibio word from Mbakara. Some words that are apart of the American language now that came from Africa are banana, jazz, boogie and zombie. Africanism,a feature of language or culture regarded as characteristically African, applies to African-American secular music from the 19th century through the present. Music derived from African roots and traditions are what set the foundation for almost the entirety of what has been known as American music. The blues

neg: Haplogroup A-L1085 However, the A-L1085 lineages of Southern Africa are subclades of A lineages found in other parts of Africa. This suggests that A-L1085 lineages arrived in Southern Africa from elsewhere. The two most basal lineages of Haplogroup A-L1085, A-V148 and A-P305, have been detected in West Africa, Northwest Africa and Central Africa. Cruciani et al. 2011 suggests that these lineages may have emerged somewhere in between Central and Northwest Africa, though such an interpretation is still preliminary due to the incomplete geographic coverage of African y-chromosomes. Initial studies reported that Haplogroup A-L1085 lineages emerged around 60,000 years ago which was significantly

neg: Pliopithecoidea than the propliopithecoids of North Africa ("i.e." "Aegyptopithecus"), suggesting some prognathic reduction from the inferred common ancestor of these two primate families. The orbits are widely spaced and the mandible is long and robust, with a relatively broad ramus. Most importantly, however, pliopithecoids had an incompletely ossified ectotympanic tube. This anatomical feature represents an intermediate stage between what is found in platyrrhines, which do not have an ossified ectotympanic tube, and catarrhines, which have a completely ossified ectoympanic tube. Nearly all of what is known about the body proportions and post-cranial morphology of this family are derived from "Pliopithecus vindobonensis",

neg: Consumer price index (South Africa) Consumer price index (South Africa) The consumer price index (CPI) is the official measure of inflation in South Africa. One variant, the consumer price index excluding mortgage costs (CPIX), is officially targeted by the South African Reserve Bank and a primary measure that determines national interest rates. In total there are six measured variants of CPI based on data drawn from two different geographic sets: metropolitan areas only and both metropolitan and other urban areas. The Core and Food indexes are compiled across both geographic sets. The All Items index is compiled only for metropolitan areas. CPI minus mortgage costs

neg: South Africa in the wake of apartheid. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy, and a newly industrialised country. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world. In terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day. Nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence. The name "South Africa" is derived from the country's geographic location

neg: Gulf of Guinea gives a thorough description: The name "Guinea" was also applied to south coast of West Africa, north of the Gulf of Guinea, which became known as "Upper Guinea", and the west coast of Southern Africa, to the east, which became known as "Lower Guinea". The name "Guinea" is still attached to the names of three countries in Africa: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Equatorial Guinea, as well as New Guinea in Melanesia. The main river shedding its waters in the gulf is the Niger River. Different definitions of the geographic limits of the Gulf of Guinea are given; the International Hydrographic Organization

neg: North-Eastern Rhodesia Protectorte had a High Court, District Courts and Magistrates' Courts. Appeals from the Protectorate Courts could be made to the Supreme Court of Cape Colony and from there to the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1900. The protectorate was administered under charter by the British South Africa Company. It was one of what were colloquially referred to as the "three Rhodesian protectorates", the other two being Southern Rhodesia and Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia. It was amalgamated with Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia, another territory administered by the British South Africa

neg: Scholar Rescue Fund geographic limits on awards, on the disciplines, or fields supported. Fellowships may be awarded to scholars from any country and/or institutions. As of 2017, IIE-SRF has hosted more than 750 scholars from the Middle East and North Africa (70.6%), Sub-Saharan Africa (11.1%), Europe and Eurasia (9.0%), Central, East, and South Asia (7.7%), and Latin American and the Caribbean (1.3%). Below is a list of the nations from which scholars have been granted IIE-SRF fellowships: The support and partnership of the international academic community is critical to the work of IIE-SRF. IIE-SRF works closely with each host partner institution to arrange