query: where do penguins live north pole or south pole

pos: Penguin one in 50,000 penguins (of most species) are born with brown rather than black plumage. These are called isabelline penguins. Isabellinism is different from albinism. Isabelline penguins tend to live shorter lives than normal penguins, as they are not well-camouflaged against the deep, and are often passed over as mates. Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south. Several species live in the temperate zone; one, the Galápagos penguin, lives as far north

pos: Evidence of common descent on all continents excluding Africa, Australia and Antarctica, and the polar bear solely in the Arctic Circle and adjacent land masses. Penguins are found only around the South Pole despite similar weather conditions at the North Pole. Families of sirenians are distributed around the earth's waters, where manatees are located in western Africa waters, northern South American waters, and West Indian waters only while the related family, the dugongs, are located only in Oceanic waters north of Australia, and the coasts surrounding the Indian Ocean. The now extinct Steller's sea cow resided in the Bering Sea. The same kinds of

pos: South Pole South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of

pos: South Pole there. In 2000 it was reported that microbes had been detected living in the South Pole ice. South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed

pos: Earth's rotation Earth's rotation Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counter clockwise. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. This point is distinct from Earth's North Magnetic Pole. The South Pole is the other point where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica. Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun, but

pos: Chionophile the northern pole. As a result, few animals can survive on the mainland of Antarctica, and those that do mostly live near the coast. The few animals that live on the mainland are birds such as Antarctic terns, grey-headed albatross, imperial shag, snowy sheathbill and the most well known inhabitant of Antarctica, penguins. The inhospitable environment helps to deter predators; the few predators that hunt on the mainland, including the south polar skua and the southern giant petrel, mainly prey upon chicks. Most Antarctic predators are found in the polar waters, including the orca and the leopard seal. Normally when

pos: 100th meridian west "At the Hundredth Meridian" by The Tragically Hip is about the 100th meridian west, specifically in Canada, and how it has traditionally been considered "where the great plains begin." 100th meridian west The meridian 100° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 100th meridian west forms a great circle with the 80th meridian east. Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 100th meridian west passes through: In the

pos: Tina Sjögren the first to broadcast live pictures and sounds from the Antarctic ice cap. On February 2, 2002, they reached the South Pole after 63 days of skiing. On 29 May 2002, just four months after having returned from Antarctica, they reached the North Pole completely autonomously at record speed (118 days), and also transmitted the first ever live broadcast of satellite images and sounds from the Arctic pack ice. Tina Sjögren Tina Sjögren is the first woman to have completed the Three Poles Challenge − climbing Mount Everest and going to the North and South poles − in 2002. She

pos: Eric Philips with UK charity Walking With The Wounded during their South Pole Allied Challenge. Together with celebrities Prince Harry, Dominic West and Alexander Skarsgard, three teams of wounded soldiers from the UK, USA, Australia and Canada skied 200km to the South Pole. Also in 2013, Eric guided Greenpeace on a short ski expedition to the North Pole where a symbolic capsule containing 2.7 million signatures and a message to the future was lowered to the sea bed. In 1998-99, together with Jon Muir and Peter Hillary, Philips skied from McMurdo Station in Antarctica to the South Pole via the Ross Ice

pos: South Pole Earth (though it is not quite the coldest; that record goes to the region in the vicinity of the Vostok Station, also in Antarctica, which lies at a higher elevation). Temperatures at the South Pole are much lower than at the North Pole, primarily because the South Pole is located at altitude in the middle of a continental land mass, while the North Pole is at sea level in the middle of an ocean, which acts as a reservoir of heat. The South Pole is at an altitude of but feels like .. Centrifugal force from the spin of the

pos: South Pole a longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to "grid north", which points northwards along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica (although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift). It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea

pos: 104th meridian west west of Greenwich roughly defines the eastern extent of the region of high plains protected by the Southern Rocky Mountains. Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 104th meridian west passes through: 104th meridian west The meridian 104° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 104th meridian west forms a great circle with the 76th meridian east. In the United States, the western boundaries of North Dakota, South

neg: 365 Penguins (which the penguins don't like), noise and the smell. After a time, the family appears to accept their lot, "You live penguin. You think penguin. You dream penguin. You become penguin."(pages 34,35) By the time of New Year's Eve there are 365 penguins in the house and the family is forced to celebrate outside. After midnight Uncle Victor, an ecologist, arrives and explains that the penguins' South Pole habitat is shrinking due to melting ice caps so he decided to introduce them to the North Pole. But as endangered species can't be exported he sent the family a penguin a

neg: The Fool and the Flying Ship the servant thinks of one last task. The servant tells the Fool to get penguins from the South Pole and to complete this task by sunup tomorrow. The Fool tells this to his friends, and while they spot the penguins, they are in a dilemma as they do not know how to get the penguins from the South Pole. The Runner suggests that he should complete this task by running to the South Pole and then bring the penguins back to Russia, but the sharp shooter objects to this, because he had already used his last bullet to wake the

neg: Up North (television) September 12, 2005. Up North (television) Up North was an MTV television show, broadcast on MTV Europe and several national TV stations in Northern Europe. Every week the viewers could vote for their favourite song as they were presented in the show, viewers voted either by SMS or on the MTV Europe website. Artists listed on Up North were from the Nordic countries and other Northern European countries such as the Baltic states. The shows introduction featured penguins which is fault. Because penguins only exists on the south pole and not on the north pole. MTV claimed else. The last

neg: Up North (television) Up North (television) Up North was an MTV television show, broadcast on MTV Europe and several national TV stations in Northern Europe. Every week the viewers could vote for their favourite song as they were presented in the show, viewers voted either by SMS or on the MTV Europe website. Artists listed on Up North were from the Nordic countries and other Northern European countries such as the Baltic states. The shows introduction featured penguins which is fault. Because penguins only exists on the south pole and not on the north pole. MTV claimed else. The last show aired on

neg: North Pole North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is

neg: Diurnal motion diurnal motion in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere are as follows: Thus, northern circumpolar stars move counterclockwise around Polaris, the north pole star. At the North Pole, the cardinal directions do not apply to diurnal motion. Within the circumpolar circle, all the stars move simply rightward, or looking directly overhead, counterclockwise around the zenith, where Polaris is. Southern Celestial Hemisphere observers are to replace north with south, left with right, and Polaris with Sigma Octantis, sometimes called the south pole star. The circumpolar stars move clockwise around Sigma Octantis. East and west are not interchanged. As seen from the Equator, the

neg: The Conquest of the Pole and plunges them into the icy waters, they signal for help and are picked up by a passing airship. Penguins, seals, and Arctic birds wave goodbye. The explorers return in triumph to the Aero Club, where they bow to all assembled. Although the film's story is treated in a vein of fantasy, it took much of its inspiration from current affairs. Robert E. Peary and his team had set foot on the North Pole on 6 April 1909, and Roald Amundsen had made it to the South Pole on 14 December 1911, four months before Méliès started filming. The claims

neg: Penguin web, including a live stream that had thousands of views and a visit from English actor Stephen Fry. Once he had recovered, Happy Feet was released back into the water south of New Zealand. Penguins are popularly loved around the world, primarily for their unusually upright, waddling gait, impressive swimming ability and (compared to other birds) lack of fear of humans. Their striking black-and-white plumage is often likened to a white tie suit. Mistakenly, some artists and writers have penguins based at the North Pole. This is incorrect, as there are no wild penguins in the Arctic. The cartoon series

neg: Lincoln Children's Zoo Boo at the Zoo is the largest, annual trick-or-treat event in Lincoln, Nebraska. All of the money raised during Boo at the Zoo directly supports the zoo. This adults only evening features beer tasting from premier local brewers and live music from a local band. The North Pole Express features a winter train ride around the zoo on their way to the North Pole. Guests can meet with Topper the penguin and have the opportunity to feed the zoo's penguins. Lincoln Children's Zoo The Lincoln Children's Zoo is a children's zoo located in Lincoln, Nebraska. Designed specifically for children to

neg: Ocean Park Hong Kong five rides, eight booth games, as well as food, beverages and merchandise. Polar Adventure was opened on 13 July 2012, featuring the North Pole Encounter, South Pole Spectacular and Arctic Fox Den, as well as the Arctic Blast roller coaster. Animals include king penguins, southern rockhopper penguins, gentoo penguins, pacific walruses, spotted seals, Steller sea lions, snowy owls and Arctic foxes. The attraction's carbon footprint is reduced through environmental technology including a ventilation system that recycles residual cool air to cool down the Life Support System (LSS) and plant room area before being discharged, which it is claimed cut electricity

neg: North Pole ascent, like Dante's climbing of the Mountain of Purgatory, represents the pilgrim's progress through spiritual states. In Iranian theosophy, the heavenly Pole, the focal point of the spiritual ascent, acts as a magnet to draw beings to its "palaces ablaze with immaterial matter." North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It

neg: North Magnetic Pole The Earth's North and South Magnetic Poles are also known as Magnetic Dip Poles, with reference to the vertical "dip" of the magnetic field lines at those points. All magnets have two poles, where the lines of magnetic flux enter and emerge. By analogy with the Earth's magnetic field, these are called the magnet's "north" and "south" poles. The convention in early compasses was to call the end of the needle pointing to the Earth's North Magnetic Pole the "north pole" (or "north-seeking pole") and the other end the "south pole" (the names are often abbreviated to "N" and "S").

neg: South Magnetic Pole South Magnetic Pole The South Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the geomagnetic field lines are directed vertically upwards. It should not be confused with the South Geomagnetic Pole described later. For historical reasons, the "end" of a freely hanging magnet that points (roughly) north is itself called the "north pole" of the magnet, and the other end, pointing south, is called the magnet's "south pole". Because opposite poles attract, the Earth's South Magnetic Pole is physically actually a magnetic north pole (see also ). The South Magnetic Pole is constantly shifting due to

neg: 3D rotation group start and end point have to remain antipodal, or else the loop will "break open". In terms of rotations, this loop represents a continuous sequence of rotations about the "z"-axis starting and ending at the identity rotation (i.e. a series of rotation through an angle "φ" where "φ" runs from 0 to 2). Surprisingly, if you run through the path twice, i.e., run from north pole down to south pole, jump back to the north pole (using the fact that north and south poles are identified), and then again run from north pole down to south pole, so that "φ"

neg: Magnet throughout the material. The right-hand rule tells which direction positively-charged current flows. However, current due to negatively-charged electricity is far more prevalent in practice. The north pole of a magnet is defined as the pole that, when the magnet is freely suspended, points towards the Earth's North Magnetic Pole in the Arctic (the magnetic and geographic poles do not coincide, see magnetic declination). Since opposite poles (north and south) attract, the North Magnetic Pole is actually the "south" pole of the Earth's magnetic field. As a practical matter, to tell which pole of a magnet is north and which is

neg: 180th meridian the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 180th meridian passes through: The meridian also passes between (but not particularly close to): The only place where roads cross this meridian, and where there are buildings very close to it, is in Fiji. Many geographic software libraries or data formats project the world to a rectangle; very often this rectangle is split exactly at the 180th meridian. This often makes it non-trivial to do simple tasks (like representing an area, or a line) over the 180th meridian. Some examples: 180th meridian The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the

neg: Circumpolar star south celestial pole appears increasingly high in the sky, and all the stars lying within an increasingly large circle centered on that pole become circumpolar about it. This continues until one reaches the Earth's South Pole where, once again, all visible stars are circumpolar. The north celestial pole is located very close to the pole star (Polaris or North Star), so from the Northern Hemisphere, all circumpolar stars appear to move around Polaris. Polaris itself remains almost stationary, always at the north (i.e. azimuth of 0°), and always at the same altitude (angle from the horizon), equal to the observer's

neg: Lunar north pole to achieve the objectives and win the GLXP prize. Lunar north pole The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface. The lunar north pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Notable craters in the lunar north polar region (between 60° North latitude and the North pole) include:

neg: Lunar north pole Lunar north pole The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface. The lunar north pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Notable craters in the lunar north polar region (between 60° North latitude and the North pole) include: Avogadro, Bel'kovich, Brianchon, Emden, Gamow, Goldschmidt, Hermite, J. Herschel,

neg: Alistair Mackay undertook the first ascent of Mount Erebus. The following spring when Shackelton set off to attempt to reach the South Pole, he despatched Mackay, Mawson and Edgeworth David northward to reach the South Magnetic Pole which lay approximately 650 km north-north-west of Ross Island. The trek commenced on 5 October 1908 with the men hauling their own sleds and relaying the loads which meant that every kilometre gained by the sledges involved them travelling three kilometres by foot. For ten weeks the men followed the coast north supplementing their stores with a diet of seals and penguins. They then crossed

neg: North Magnetic Pole Because opposite poles attract, this definition means that the Earth's North Magnetic Pole is actually a magnetic "south" pole and the Earth's South Magnetic Pole is a magnetic "north" pole. The direction of magnetic field lines is defined such that the lines emerge from the magnet's north pole and enter into the magnet's south pole. Early European navigators believed that compass needles were attracted to a "magnetic island" somewhere in the far north (see Rupes Nigra), or to the Pole Star. The idea that the Earth itself acts as a giant magnet was first proposed in 1600 by the English

neg: North Pole of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country from which they departed. The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of

neg: Navigational triangle Navigational triangle The navigational or PZX triangle is a term used in Astro-Navigation, or Celestial Navigation, and its solution can give you your position anywhere (more or less) on the globe. The sky is described as a Celestial Sphere with a North and South Pole corresponding to our own North and South Pole. Conveniently, the 'Pole Star' lies (more or less) at the North Pole of the Celestial Sphere. The PZX triangle is a spherical triangle with the following points of reference: P is the Celestial Pole (North or South). For Astro Navigational use, it remains a fixed point. Z

neg: Dipole point towards the north and the south-seeking pole would point towards the south. The dipole moment of the bar magnet points from its magnetic south to its magnetic north pole. The north pole of a bar magnet in a compass points north. However, that means that Earth's geomagnetic north pole is the "south" pole (south-seeking pole) of its dipole moment and vice versa. The only known mechanisms for the creation of magnetic dipoles are by current loops or quantum-mechanical spin since the existence of magnetic monopoles has never been experimentally demonstrated. The term comes from the Greek ("dis"), "twice" and

neg: Celestial pole Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, through Canopus, the second-brightest, continued for the same distance lands within a couple of degrees of the pole. In other words, Canopus is halfway between Sirius and the pole. Celestial pole The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North Pole and South Pole, respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in

neg: Cardinal direction to the North celestial pole will intersect the body's limb at the North point. Similarly, a line from the center to the South celestial pole will define the South point by its intersection with the limb. The points at right angles to the North and South points are the East and West points. The North point will then be the point on the limb that is closest to the North celestial pole. During the Migration Period, the Germanic languages' names for the cardinal directions entered the Romance languages, where they replaced the Latin names "borealis" (or "septentrionalis") with north, "australis"

neg: Pole of inaccessibility in southwest South Dakota about north of the town of Allen, located from the nearest coastline at . The Canadian pole of inaccessibility is allegedly in Jackfish River, Alberta , a few kilometres up the Peace River from where the Jackfish River (one of six Canadian rivers of that name) flows through it. In South America, the continental pole of inaccessibility is in Brazil at , near Arenápolis, Mato Grosso. In 2017, the Turner Twins became the first adventurers to trek to the South American Pole of Inaccessibility. In Australia, the continental pole of inaccessibility is located either at or

neg: South Pole Group realisation of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by transforming global energy, food and land-use systems. To do so, South Pole offers a range of climate and sustainability solutions to assist organisations in mitigating climate-related risks and seizing the opportunities that action on climate change presents. South Pole Group South Pole is a Swiss carbon finance consultancy founded in 2006 in Zurich. In 2018 it had 18 offices across Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America and South America. For more than a decade, South Pole has worked with a wide range of public, private and civil sector organisations to

neg: Magnetosphere of Saturn hydrogen in its outer core. Like Earth, Saturn's magnetic field is mostly a dipole, with north and south poles at the ends of a single magnetic axis. On Saturn, like on Jupiter, the north magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere, and the south magnetic pole lies in the southern hemisphere, so that magnetic field lines point away from the north pole and towards the south pole. This is reversed compared to the Earth, where the north magnetic pole lies in the southern hemisphere. Saturn's magnetic field also has quadrupole, octupole and higher components, though they are much weaker

neg: North Pole east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole.

neg: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter a known attitude and position of the instrument or spacecraft, the location on the surface, which is illuminated by the laser pulse can be determined. The series of the laser spot, or footprint, locations provides a profile of the surface. Above is a pole-to-pole view of Martian topography from the first MOLA global topographic model [Smith et al., Science, 1999]. The slice runs from the north pole (left) to the south pole (right) along the 0° longitude line. The figure highlights the pole-to-pole slope of 0.036°, such that the south pole has a higher elevation than the north pole from

neg: Magnetic field after William Gilbert. In this model, a magnetic -field is produced by "magnetic charges" that are 'smeared' around each pole. These "magnetic charges" are in fact related to the magnetization field . The -field, therefore, is analogous to the electric field , which starts at a positive electric charge and ends at a negative electric charge. Near the north pole, therefore, all -field lines point away from the north pole (whether inside the magnet or out) while near the south pole all -field lines point toward the south pole (whether inside the magnet or out). Too, a north pole feels

neg: Charts on SO(3) surface points identified, consider the path running from the "north pole" straight through the center down to the south pole. This is a closed loop, since the north pole and the south pole are identified. This loop cannot be shrunk to a point, since no matter how you deform the loop, the start and end point have to remain antipodal, or else the loop will "break open". In terms of rotations, this loop represents a continuous sequence of rotations about the "z"-axis starting and ending at the identity rotation (i.e. a series of rotation through an angle φ where φ

neg: Mr. Popper's Penguins arrested, along with the penguins. Admiral Drake, having arrived to see Popper's Performing Penguins for himself, posts bail for Mr. Popper. After speaking with the Admiral, Mr. Popper decides that show business is no life for a penguin. Drake lets all of the twelve penguins go with him on his expedition to the North Pole, where they will be released experimentally into the Arctic. The Poppers are sad to see the penguins go, especially Mr. Popper himself — that is, until Admiral Drake invites Mr. Popper to accompany him on the trip. The Poppers wave goodbye as Mr. Popper and

neg: Earth's magnetic field dipolar field accounts for 80–90% of the field in most locations. Historically, the north and south poles of a magnet were first defined by the Earth's magnetic field, not vice versa, since one of the first uses for a magnet was as a compass needle. A magnet's North pole is defined as the pole that is attracted by the Earth's North Magnetic Pole when the magnet is suspended so it can turn freely. Since opposite poles attract, the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth is really the south pole of its magnetic field (the place where the field is directed

neg: Geographical pole poles wander slightly on its surface. The Earth's North and South Poles, for example, move by a few metres over periods of a few years. As cartography requires exact and unchanging coordinates, the averaged locations of geographical poles are taken as fixed "cartographic poles" and become the points where the body's great circles of longitude intersect. Geographical pole A geographical pole is either of the two points on a rotating body (planet, dwarf planet, natural satellite, sphere...etc) where its axis of rotation intersects its surface. As with Earth's North and South Poles, they are usually called that body's "north pole"

neg: Kolormondo RGB, Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B). These are light colours and are used on the screen. The Kolormondo system is three-dimensional displayed as a globe. At the Equator, you find the most pure hues, those that constitute the colour circle. The North Pole is white while the South Pole is black. The closer you get to the white North Pole the lighter the colours become. If you go south towards the black South Pole the colours get darker. Towards the globe’s core, colours gradually turn grey. A pillar or a column between the North and the South Pole

neg: North Magnetic Pole Earth's rotation axis (which defines the Geographic North and Geographic South Poles) and centred at the Earth's centre. The North and South Geomagnetic Poles are the antipodal points where the axis of this theoretical dipole intersects the Earth's surface. If the Earth's magnetic field were a perfect dipole then the field lines would be vertical at the Geomagnetic Poles, and they would coincide with the Magnetic Poles. However, the approximation is imperfect, and so the Magnetic and Geomagnetic Poles lie some distance apart. Like the North Magnetic Pole, the North Geomagnetic Pole attracts the north pole of a bar magnet

neg: Celestial pole Celestial pole The north and south celestial poles are the two imaginary points in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to an observer at the Earth's North Pole and South Pole, respectively. As the Earth spins on its axis, the two celestial poles remain fixed in the sky, and all other points appear to rotate around them, completing one circuit per day (strictly, per sidereal day). The celestial poles are also the poles of the celestial equatorial coordinate system, meaning they have

neg: The Fool and the Flying Ship runner up, so if the runner were to fall asleep like last time, he couldn't be awoken. Suddenly, the Puffer wakes up from his slumber and tells the others that he is going to puff up and therefore, he transforms into a strong heavy set man. The Puffer realizes that if they couldn't go to the South Pole, then he'd have to bring the South Pole to them. He then proceeds to pull the whole land towards them to get the penguins and just as the sun rises, the Puffer finally succeeds in getting the penguins to the Tsar's palace.

neg: Pole sports the adoption of moves from Chinese pole by pole dancers/athletes (for example see this online interview with Carlos Ramírez where he argues pole dance is being influenced by Chinese pole ). Researchers suggest other potential influences on contemporary pole, such as maypole dancing. However, poling is commonly associated with stripping and exotic dance. For instance, some perceive contemporary poling as having come out of exotic dance clubs in North America in the 1980s. Note though that not all exotic dance clubs have poles, and exotic dancers do not all make the pole a central part of their performance. Fawnia Mondey-Dietrich,

neg: Spherical Earth the North Pole, it would have travelled due south from the North Pole to the equator, then west for a quarter of the way around the Earth, and then due north back to the North Pole. In spherical geometry, the sum of angles inside a triangle is greater than 180° (in this example 270°, having arrived back at the north pole a 90° angle to the departure path) unlike on a flat surface, where it is always exactly 180°. A meridian of longitude is a line where local solar noon occurs at the same time each day. These lines define

neg: Geographical pole Geographical pole A geographical pole is either of the two points on a rotating body (planet, dwarf planet, natural satellite, sphere...etc) where its axis of rotation intersects its surface. As with Earth's North and South Poles, they are usually called that body's "north pole" and "south pole", one lying 90 degrees in one direction from the body's equator and the other lying 90 degrees in the opposite direction from the equator. Every planet has geographical poles. If, like the Earth, a body generates a magnetic field, it will also possess magnetic poles. Perturbations in a body's rotation mean that geographical

neg: South Magnetic Pole rationed their biscuits down to the crumbs, and hunted seals and penguins. However, there is now some doubt as to whether their location was correct. The approximate position of the pole on 16 January 1909 was . The South Magnetic Pole has also been estimated by fits to global sets of data such as the World Magnetic Model (WMM) and the International Geomagnetic Reference Model (IGRF). For earlier years back to about 1600, the model GUFM1 is used, based on a compilation of data from ship logs. The Earth's geomagnetic field can be approximated by a tilted dipole (like a

neg: South Pole which is defined based on the Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, the Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small "wobbles" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work. The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When

neg: Geomagnetic pole of the 'open' magnetic field lines which connect to the interplanetary magnetic field and provide a direct route for the solar wind to reach the ionosphere. it was located at approximately , on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The South Geomagnetic Pole is the point where the axis of this best-fitting tilted dipole intersects the Earth's surface in the southern hemisphere. As of 2005 it was calculated to be located at 79.74°S 108.22°E, near the Vostok Station. Because the Earth's actual magnetic field is not an exact dipole, the (calculated) North and South Geomagnetic Poles do not coincide with the North

neg: Amundsen's South Pole expedition South Pole Station, to honour the memories of both polar pioneers. In a paper published 100 years after the Amundsen expedition, researchers claimed that the tent and flags are buried under of ice and about a minute of latitude north of the South Pole, or about one nautical mile. Scott's party was the last to see the tent, which they found on 18 January 1912. Henry Robertson Bowers took a photo of the tent, but died returning from the Pole. Notes References Amundsen's South Pole expedition The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian

neg: Barbara Hillary (adventurer) Pole, but also the first African American woman to do so. Five years after she made history making her journey to the North Pole, Hillary once again made her mark and became the first African American woman on record to stand on the South Pole at age 79 on January 6, 2011. The first person documented to reach both poles was Roald Amundsen. Since her expeditions to the North and South Poles, Hillary has become an inspirational speaker. She has also been the subject of profiles on NBC News and CNN.com, and has given speeches at various organizations such as

neg: Helmer Hanssen Pole, it is estimated that Hanssen passed within 200 yards (180 meters) of the mathematical South Pole point. This was during one of his ski runs which Amundsen had ordered be performed to completely encircle or "box" the pole, to ensure that there was no doubt that the expedition had attained the pole. For his participation in the expedition, he was awarded the South Pole Medal ("Sydpolsmedaljen"), the Royal Norwegian award instituted by King Haakon VII in 1912 to reward participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition. In 1919 he once again went north, this time as captain on "Maud"

neg: Liquid mirror telescope tether, or propelling it gently forward with rockets). Only a telescope located at the North Pole or South Pole would offer a relatively static view of the sky, although the freezing point of mercury and the remoteness of the location would need to be considered. A very large telescope already exists at the South Pole, but the North Pole is located in the Arctic Ocean. The mercury mirror of the Large Zenith Telescope in Canada was the largest liquid metal mirror ever built. It had a diameter of six meters, and rotated at a rate of about 8.5 revolutions per

neg: Polar night 18° within the polar circle, or five and a half degrees from the pole. During the astronomical polar night stars of the sixth magnitude, which are the dimmest stars visible to the naked eye, will be visible throughout the entire day. This happens when the sun is between 18 and 23.5 degrees below the horizon. These conditions last about 11 weeks at the poles. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station experiences this from May 15 to late July. The North Pole experiences this from November 14 to January 29. If an observer located on either the North Pole or the South

neg: Tom Sjogren live audiovisual broadcast from the Antarctic ice cap (in November 2001). They reached the South Pole on February 2, 2002. On their expedition to the North Pole, they also broadcast live, and broke the speed record with a time of 118 days, reaching the Pole on 29 May 2002. At both poles, they raised an American flag a friend had found on the street in New York on September 11. Sjogren was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Nov 8, 1959. He married Tina Sjogren, a political refugee born in Prague, in 1983, and the couple emigrated to New York in

neg: Earth's magnetic field downward into the Earth). The positions of the magnetic poles can be defined in at least two ways: locally or globally. The local definition is the point where the magnetic field is vertical. This can be determined by measuring the inclination. The inclination of the Earth's field is 90° (downwards) at the North Magnetic Pole and -90° (upwards) at the South Magnetic Pole. The two poles wander independently of each other and are not directly opposite each other on the globe. Movements of up to per year have been observed for the North Magnetic Pole. Over the last 180 years,

neg: Ski pole racing cross country ski pole. The Nordic walking pole strap resembles a fingerless glove and is similar to the racing cross country ski pole strap. Ski pole Ski poles, also referred to as poles (in North America) or sticks (UK), are used by skiers for balance and propulsion. Modern ski poles are most commonly made from aluminum and carbon fiber, though materials such as bamboo are still used. Poles are used in alpine skiing, freestyle skiing (with the exception of aerials), and cross-country skiing. Ski jumpers do not use poles. , the earliest ski pole was found in Sweden and

neg: Danza de los Voladores pole. The tree selection, cutting and erecting ceremony is called the tsakáe kiki. It involves going into the forest to find a suitable tree and asking the permission or the pardon of the mountain god Quihuicolo for taking it. The tree is stripped of its branches and dragged to the ceremonial site, where a hole has been dug for the now-30-meter pole. Before erecting the pole, offerings of flowers, copal, alcohol, candles and live chickens or a live turkey are placed in the hole. These are then crushed as the pole is erected, adding to the fertility of the earth.

neg: Sibusiso Vilane Vilane and fellow mountaineer, Alex Harris, embarked on an unsupported and unassisted trek to reach the South Pole which, when they completed the expedition on 17 January 2008, made Vilane and Harris the first South Africans to walk to the South Pole, and Vilane the black person to do so. Vilane arrived at the geographic North Pole on 12 April 2012. This is the final hurdle to becoming the first black person to complete the Three Poles Challenge. This expedition was dubbed The Goliath Challenge, and sponsored by Virgin Money Insurance. In completion of the Three Poles Challenge and the

neg: North Pole North Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required. It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or

neg: Perch (equilibristic) while he/she performs various acrobatic maneuvers. The standing perch pole is similar to the hanging perch pole but fastened to the ground by three or four thick cords. Performers can climb and do tricks they could not normally do on any other variant. Standing perch poles come in various sizes. Diagram: Usual tricks include: Perch (equilibristic) The perch is an equilibristic balancing act where one performer balances atop a pole that is being balanced by another performer. Each perch pole has a loop at the top into which the performer may insert either a hand or a foot in order

neg: Magnetic dipole is the Dirac delta function in three dimensions. Unlike the expressions in the previous section, this limit is correct for the internal field of the dipole. If a magnetic dipole is formed by taking a "north pole" and a "south pole", bringing them closer and closer together but keeping the product of magnetic pole-charge and distance constant, the limiting field is These fields are related by , where is the magnetization. The force exerted by one dipole moment on another separated in space by a vector can be calculated using: or where is the distance between dipoles. The force acting

neg: South Magnetic Pole bar magnet) placed at the center of the Earth. The South Geomagnetic Pole is the point where the axis of this best-fitting tilted dipole intersects the Earth's surface in the southern hemisphere. As of 2005 it was calculated to be located at , near the Vostok Station. Because the field is not an exact dipole, the South Geomagnetic Pole does not coincide with the South Magnetic Pole. Furthermore, the South Geomagnetic Pole is wandering for the same reason its northern magnetic counterpart wanders. South Magnetic Pole The South Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the Earth's Southern Hemisphere where

neg: Eric Philips Eric Philips Eric Philips OAM (born April 1962) is an Australian polar explorer, adventurer and polar guide. Philips has completed ski expeditions across icecaps on Greenland, Ellesmere Island, Iceland, Svalbard and Patagonia icecaps and was the first Australian, together with companion Jon Muir, to ski to both the North Pole and South Pole. Philips skied to the North Pole from Siberia in 2002, producing a film, "Icetrek North Pole", and has since guided numerous commercial North Pole expeditions, including the North Pole to Canada leg of Pat Farmer's Pole to Pole Run in 2011. In 2013 Eric was a guide

neg: South Pole planet pulls the atmosphere toward the equator. The South Pole is colder than the North Pole because of the elevation difference. The North Pole is a few feet from sea level. In midsummer, as the sun reaches its maximum elevation of about 23.5 degrees, high temperatures at the South Pole in January average at . As the six-month "day" wears on and the sun gets lower, temperatures drop as well: they reach around sunset (late March) and sunrise (late September). In midwinter, the average temperature remains steady at around . The highest temperature ever recorded at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole

neg: Earth's magnetic field center of the Earth and tilted at an angle of about 11° with respect to the rotational axis of the Earth. The dipole is roughly equivalent to a powerful bar magnet, with its south pole pointing towards the geomagnetic North Pole. This may seem surprising, but the north pole of a magnet is so defined because, if allowed to rotate freely, it points roughly northward (in the geographic sense). Since the north pole of a magnet attracts the south poles of other magnets and repels the north poles, it must be attracted to the south pole of Earth's magnet. The

neg: Pole to Pole the North and South Poles. Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC, and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992. The presenter is Michael Palin, this being the second of Palin's major journeys for the BBC. The first was "", a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989, and the third was "Full Circle with Michael Palin", a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997. The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia, the Soviet Union, parts of Europe, and through the

neg: Pole jam pole jam include: Pole Jams are also used by snowboarders for similar purposes. Pole jam A pole jam is a skateboarding trick maneuver that skateboarders do over a bent pole. A pole jam is an action that skateboarders do when they approach a bent pole and they then continue to ride up and over the top of the pole. (The ollie is not generally used to get into the pole jam.) Typically the pole used is bent down into an acute angle, so that grinding or sliding it is easier. Pole jams can be combined with other skateboard tricks performed

neg: Magnetism magnetic domains. Since a bar magnet gets its ferromagnetism from electrons distributed evenly throughout the bar, when a bar magnet is cut in half, each of the resulting pieces is a smaller bar magnet. Even though a magnet is said to have a north pole and a south pole, these two poles cannot be separated from each other. A monopole—if such a thing exists—would be a new and fundamentally different kind of magnetic object. It would act as an isolated north pole, not attached to a south pole, or vice versa. Monopoles would carry "magnetic charge" analogous to electric charge.

neg: Circumpolar star latitude. These are then classified into quadrants. Whether a star is circumpolar depends upon the observer's latitude. Since the altitude of the north or south celestial pole (whichever is visible) equals the absolute value of the observer's latitude, any star whose angular distance from the visible celestial pole is less than the absolute latitude will be circumpolar. For example, if the observer's latitude is 50° N, any star will be circumpolar if it is less than 50° from the north celestial pole. If the observer's latitude is 35° S, then all stars within 35° of the south celestial pole are

neg: Ben Saunders (explorer) Scott's grandson) were patrons of the expedition. Ben Saunders (explorer) Benjamin "Ben" John Saunders (born 5 August 1977 in Plymouth) is an English polar explorer, endurance athlete, and motivational speaker. He is best known for leading the first ever return journey to the South Pole on foot via Shackleton and Scott's route in 2013–14, for skiing solo to the North Pole in 2004, and for blogging live from his expeditions. He is the third in history and the youngest by ten years to reach the North Pole alone and on foot. Saunders has skied more than 3,700 miles (6,000 km)

neg: Ben Saunders (explorer) Ben Saunders (explorer) Benjamin "Ben" John Saunders (born 5 August 1977 in Plymouth) is an English polar explorer, endurance athlete, and motivational speaker. He is best known for leading the first ever return journey to the South Pole on foot via Shackleton and Scott's route in 2013–14, for skiing solo to the North Pole in 2004, and for blogging live from his expeditions. He is the third in history and the youngest by ten years to reach the North Pole alone and on foot. Saunders has skied more than 3,700 miles (6,000 km) on polar expeditions since 2001. He holds

neg: Lunar south pole Lunar south pole The lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. Of the lunar poles, the south pole is of greater interest because the area that remains in shadow is much larger than that at the north pole. The lunar south pole craters are unique in that sunlight does not reach the bottom. Such craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of the early solar system. The lunar south pole is located on the center base of the far side of the moon

neg: Rendezvous with Rama the 'northern' and 'southern' hemicylinders, divided in the middle by a 10-km wide expanse of water the astronauts dub the 'Cylindrical Sea'. In the center of the Cylindrical Sea is an island of unknown purpose covered in tall, skyscraper-like structures, which the astronauts name 'New York' due to an imagined similarity to Manhattan. At each end of the ship are North and South "Poles". The North Pole is effectively the bow and the South Pole the stern, as Rama accelerates in the direction of the north pole and its drive system is at the South Pole. The North Pole contains

neg: Pole star 5.45 it is barely visible on a clear night, making it unusable for navigational purposes. It is a yellow giant 275 light years from Earth. Its angular separation from the pole is about 1° (). The Southern Cross constellation functions as an approximate southern pole constellation, by pointing to where a southern pole star would be. At the equator, it is possible to see both Polaris and the Southern Cross. The Celestial south pole is moving toward the Southern Cross, which has pointed to the south pole for the last 2000 years or so. As a consequence, the constellation is

neg: TVMDC variation. While a compass is installed in a vehicle or vessel, local anomalies of the vessel can introduce error into the direction that the compass points. The difference between the direction to Magnetic North Pole and the direction that the compass is pointing is known as magnetic deviation. Magnetic variation is different depending on the geographic position on the globe. The Magnetic North Pole is currently in Northern Canada and is moving generally South. A straight line can be drawn from the Geographic North Pole, down to the Magnetic North Pole and then drawn straight down to the equator. This

neg: Mr. Popper's Penguins his penguins sail away towards the North Pole and Mr. Popper promises to be back in a year or two. "Mr. Popper's Penguins" has received generally positive reviews. Common Sense Media wrote "Vivid imagery, clever word plays, and funny characters that border on the absurd have made this book a popular choice in for kids in classrooms and at home." Kirkus Reviews, on the other hand, stated "This is rather a silly story, and I don't believe children will think it particularly funny." Publishers Weekly said of a pop-up version "Aside from the alliterative appeal of a pop-up Mr. Popper,

neg: Gauss's law for magnetism each volume element in space, there are exactly the same number of "magnetic field lines" entering and exiting the volume. No total "magnetic charge" can build up in any point in space. For example, the south pole of the magnet is exactly as strong as the north pole, and free-floating south poles without accompanying north poles (magnetic monopoles) are not allowed. In contrast, this is not true for other fields such as electric fields or gravitational fields, where total electric charge or mass can build up in a volume of space. Due to the Helmholtz decomposition theorem, Gauss's law for

neg: Pole jam Pole jam A pole jam is a skateboarding trick maneuver that skateboarders do over a bent pole. A pole jam is an action that skateboarders do when they approach a bent pole and they then continue to ride up and over the top of the pole. (The ollie is not generally used to get into the pole jam.) Typically the pole used is bent down into an acute angle, so that grinding or sliding it is easier. Pole jams can be combined with other skateboard tricks performed when coming out of the grind. Tricks that can be used in a

neg: Lunar water direct evidence of water ice near the surface within 20° latitude of both poles. In addition to observing reflected light from the surface, scientists used M's near-infrared absorption capabilities in the permanently shadowed areas of the polar regions to find absorption spectra consistent with ice. At the north pole region, the water ice is scattered in patches, while it is more concentrated in a single body around the south pole. Because these polar regions do not experience the high temperatures (greater than 373 Kelvin), it was postulated that the poles act as cold traps where vaporized water is collected on

neg: Pole to Pole flying there on a small aeroplane fitted with skis. The North Pole scene was filmed in May 1992, after the rest of the series had been shot, as weather conditions were more suitable then as the ice was too fragile the previous year. From there, he heads to Greenland, then the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, where the towns of Ny Ålesund and Longyearbyen are located. From there he sails across the Barents Sea on a supply ship to the Norwegian port city of Tromsø, where he visits a statue of Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole.

neg: Twilight to July 31 at Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. North Pole has the experience of this from November 12 to January 30. At latitudes within 9 degrees of either Pole, as the sun's angular elevation difference is less than 18 degrees, twilight can last for the entire 24 hours. This occurs for one day at latitudes near 9 degrees from the Pole and extends up to several weeks the further towards the Pole one goes. The only permanent settlement to experience this condition is Alert, Nunavut, Canada, where it occurs for a week in late February, and again in late October.

neg: Pole star Cross. Around 14,000 AD, when Vega is only 4° from the North Pole, Canopus will be only 8° from the South Pole and thus circumpolar on the latitude of Bali (8°S). Sirius will take its turn as the South Pole Star in the year 66,270 AD. In fact, Sirius will come to within 1.6 degree of the south celestial pole in 66,270 AD. Later, in the year 93,830 AD, Sirius will miss aligning with the south celestial pole by only 2.3 degrees. Pole stars of other planets are defined analogously: they are stars (brighter than 6th magnitude, "i.e.", visible to

neg: South Pole–Aitken basin been formed by a low-velocity projectile around 200 km in diameter that hit at a low angle (about 30 degrees or less), and hence did not dig very deeply into the Moon. Putative evidence for this comes from the high elevations north-east of the rim of the South Pole–Aitken basin that might represent ejecta from such an oblique impact. The impact theory would also account for magnetic anomalies on the moon. South Pole–Aitken basin The South Pole–Aitken basin is an impact crater on the far side of the Moon. At roughly in diameter and deep, it is one of the

neg: Børge Ousland South Pole for the centennial celebration of the first expedition to reach the Pole. Ousland married at the North Pole in 2012 having been flown in by helicopter with "20 or 30 people". Børge Ousland Børge Ousland FRSGS (born 31 May 1962) is a Norwegian polar explorer, photographer and writer. He started his career as a Norwegian Navy Special Forces Officer with Marinejegerkommandoen, and he also spent several years working as a deep sea diver for the oil industry in the North Sea. In 1994, he made the first solo and unsupported journey to the North Pole from cape Arktichevsky

neg: Magnetostratigraphy If the ancient magnetic field was oriented similar to today's field (North Magnetic Pole near the Geographic North Pole) the strata retain a normal polarity. If the data indicate that the North Magnetic Pole was near the Geographic South Pole, the strata exhibit reversed polarity. Oriented paleomagnetic samples are collected in the field using a rock core drill, or as "hand samples" (chunks broken off the rock face). To average out sampling errors, a minimum of three samples is taken from each sample site. Spacing of the sample sites within a stratigraphic section depends on the rate of deposition and

neg: Solar eclipse anomalistic months and 242 draconic months, eclipses with similar geometry recur 223 synodic months (about 6,585.3 days) apart. This period (18 years 11.3 days) is a saros. Because 223 synodic months is not identical to 239 anomalistic months or 242 draconic months, saros cycles do not endlessly repeat. Each cycle begins with the Moon's shadow crossing the earth near the north or south pole, and subsequent events progress toward the other pole until the Moon's shadow misses the earth and the series ends. Saros cycles are numbered; currently, cycles 117 to 156 are active. The next solar eclipse occurred on

neg: Geomagnetic pole equal degree of latitude and supplementary degrees of longitude respectively (2017: Lat. 80.5°N, 80.5°S; Long. 72.8°W, 107.2°E). If the Earth's magnetic field were a perfect dipole then the field lines would be vertical to the surface at the Geomagnetic Poles, and they would coincide with the North and South magnetic poles. However, the approximation is imperfect, and so the Magnetic and Geomagnetic Poles lie some distance apart. Like the North Magnetic Pole, the North Geomagnetic Pole attracts the north pole of a bar magnet and so is in a physical sense actually a magnetic "south" pole. It is the center

neg: William Fairfield Warren Pole entitled "Paradise Found: The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole" (1885). In this work Warren placed Atlantis at the North Pole, as well as the Garden of Eden, Mount Meru, Avalon and Hyperborea. Warren believed all these mythical lands were folk memories of a former inhabited far northern seat where man was originally created. Warren's identification of Atlantis with the North Pole was maintained by positioning Atlas in the far north by mapping out ancient Greek cosmology. Warren equated the primordial Titan Atlas of Greek mythology who supported the Heavens on his shoulders (or supported the

neg: Fred Claus he has to come to the North Pole and work for it. Soon after, an elf named Willie shows up to take Fred to the North Pole. He is the head elf and has a crush on Santa's Little Helper, Charlene. Once Fred and Willie arrive at the North Pole, Nick welcomes Fred and shows him around the North Pole. There is a snow globe in the main area of the workshop, where you can say any person's name and see if they are being naughty or nice. While Fred starts working, Nick introduces Clyde Northcut, an efficiency expert who

neg: Lunar south pole metallic properties. In addition, the findings were proven inadequate due to the inconsistencies between the maps that were used and they were not able to detect the magnitude of the magnetic fluctuations that occurred from the moon’s surface. Lunar south pole The lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. Of the lunar poles, the south pole is of greater interest because the area that remains in shadow is much larger than that at the north pole. The lunar south pole craters are unique in that

neg: Three Poles Challenge Three Poles Challenge The Three Poles is an adventurer’s challenge to reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. The first person to reach all three locations was Edmund Hillary. He reached the top of Everest in May 1953, the South Pole in January 1958 and made it to the North Pole in company with Neil Armstrong in April 1985. His son Peter Hillary has also reached all three. Hillary flew to the North Pole. The first person to reach all three locations on foot was Erling Kagge. He had reached all three by May