query: what kind of protein hiv virus target

pos: Target Cell Type-Dependent Modulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Disassembly by Cyclophilin A â¿ â The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome is encapsulated in a conical capsid core, which is delivered into the target cell cytosol as a result of the virus entry process. The HIV-1 capsid is composed of approximately 1,500 capsid (CA) proteins (11).ffects of CA changes on HIV-1 uncoating in HeLa cells. To gain insight into the infectivity defects caused by the CA changes, we studied the uncoating of the wild-type and mutant viruses by using a previously developed fate-of-capsid assay (51).

neg: Human T-lymphotropic virus The original name for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was HTLV-III. The HTLV-1 genome is diploid, composed of two copies of a single-stranded RNA virus whose genome is copied into a double-stranded DNA form that integrates into the host cell genome, at which point the virus is referred to as a provirus.

neg: Mutations in the nef Gene make HIV-1 More Virulent It is rather small, consisting of 200 to 260 amino acids (Genbank). However, through a dazzling array of protein-protein interactions, Nef is found to play multiple roles in HIV infection, ranging from immune evasion to enhancement of replication efficiency (Foster and Garcia 2008).

neg: - In essence, HIV is a spherical virus with several protein coats. The proteins (antigens) on the outside envelope allow HIV to attach to CD4 antigens and infect the T lymphocyte. (The CD4 glycoprotein becomes a receptor for HIV in certain differentiated T lymphocytes. See glossary for more details.) Dr. Montagnier's discovery goes beyond the development of measures to prevent the transmission of AIDS.

neg: - The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seems to only infect the CD4 (or T-helper) cells of the immune system. The CD4 cells are responsible for activating and directing other … immune system cells. HIV also infects macrophages and microglial cells that express the CD4 molecule on their surface.The virus can also infect a subtype of myeloid dendritic cells MDC-1.he Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seems to only infect the CD4 (or T-helper) cells of the immune system. The CD4 cells are responsible for activating and directing other … immune system cells.

neg: gp120 gp120 is the name of the glycoprotein which forms the spikes sticking out of a HIV virus particle. Its main function is to bind to CD4 in human cells.

neg: How HIV Infects a Cell How HIV Infects a Cell. HIV is a retrovirus, which means it carries single-stranded RNA is its genetic material rather than the double-stranded DNA human cells carry. Retroviruses also have the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which allow it to copy RNA into DNA and use that DNA copy to infect human, or host, cells.When HIV infects a cell, it first attaches to and fuses with the host cell.Then the viral RNA is converted into DNA and the virus uses the host cell’s machinery to replicate itself during a process called reverse transcription. The new copies of HIV then leave the host cell and move on to infect other cells.hen HIV infects a cell, it first attaches to and fuses with the host cell. Then the viral RNA is converted into DNA and the virus uses the host cell’s machinery to replicate itself during a process called reverse transcription. The new copies of HIV then leave the host cell and move on to infect other cells.

neg: What are HIV and AIDs? This is a virus in the group of viruses called retroviruses. HIV destroys cells in the body, called CD4 T cells. CD4 T cells are a type of white blood cell (a lymphocyte). These are important cells involved in protecting the body against various bacteria, viruses and other germs.

neg: Origin of HIV & AIDS HIV is a type of lentivirus, which means it attacks the immune system. In a similar way, the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) attacks the immune systems of monkeys and apes.1. Research found that HIV is related to SIV and there are many similarities between the two viruses.

neg: HIV damages B-cells as well as T-cells: new treatment targets identified They deleted nine inhibitory molecules in turn in cells taken from a group of people with chronic HIV infection. These individuals were either not taking ARV therapy or had only recently started and had an average viral load of 2096 copies/ml, with an average CD4 count of 427 cells/mm 3.

neg: 11. DNA and RNA Viruses and the Diseases They Cause In someone who is being treated for HIV/AIDS, it means that the treatment is not effective. During treatment and monitoring, a high viral load can be anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 copies/mL. A low viral load is usually between 40 to 500 copies/mL, depending on the type and sensitivity of the test used.This result indicates that HIV is not actively reproducing and that the risk of disease progression is low.n undetectable viral load in someone who has a diagnosed HIV infection does not mean that the person is cured; it means only that the level of HIV RNA is currently below the threshold needed for detection. Changes in viral load can often be more important during HIV monitoring than a single test result.

neg: Introduction HIV infection starts when the virus is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or breast milk. HIV targets the immune system and invades white bloods cells called T helper cells. These are cells that fight infection. By entering your body’s cells, the virus hides from your immune system. After the virus invades these cells, it replicates inside of them.

neg: On the Road to Protein: RNA Escapes Nucleus The central dogma of molecular biology has a loophole, critical to the HIV virus, called “reverse transcriptase” — a molecule discovered by David Baltimore in 1970 at MIT, and independently by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

neg: - Plasma HIV-1 RNA (viral load) should be measured in all HIV-1-infected patients at baseline and on a regular basis thereafter, especially in patients who are on treatment, because viral load is the most important indicator of response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (AI).lasma HIV-1 RNA (viral load) should be measured in all HIV-1-infected patients at baseline and on a regular basis thereafter, especially in patients who are on treatment, because viral load is the most important indicator of response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (AI).

neg: AIDS Tests The HIV virus infects cells with CD4 surface proteins, and as a result, depletes the number of immune system cells (T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes) in the individual's blood. Most of the damage to an AIDS patient's immune system is done by the virus' destruction of CD4+ lymphocytes.

neg: - The HIV virus envelope is a derivative of the plasma membrane of a host cell, obtained via budding. When HIV attempts to enter a cell, interactions between cell surface molecules and viral envelope proteins allow the envelope to fuse with the cell membrane.

neg: - Although HIV antibody testing is widely used to detect HIV, viral load testing can also diagnose the infection. Because the viral load test measures genes and chemical compounds found in HIV, it can find the virus in your blood within days of infection.

neg: HIV Envelope Glycoprotein Viruses are faced with a tricky problem: they need to get inside cells, but cells are surrounded by a protective membrane. Enveloped viruses like HIV and influenza, which are themselves surrounded by a similar membrane, solve this problem by fusing with the cell membrane. The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV performs the many complex steps needed for membrane fusion. First, it attaches itself to proteins on the surface of the cell. Then, it acts like a spring-loaded mousetrap and snaps into a new conformation that drags the virus and cell close enough that the membranes fuse.

neg: HIV A. HIV, as all other viruses need specific cells,s surface proteins which called receptors,in case of HIV these receptors are found in certain WBCs that known as T-helper cells which named as T4 cells.

neg: HIV HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4 + T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells.

neg: Currency in Romania: the exchange, importation, money. What is the currency in Romania? Currency in Romania. Romania - one of the few countries in the Europeancontinent, which is not included in the European Union. Accordingly, the money in Romania remain, as before, the national. About what kind of currency in Romania, and briefly describe. From the history of the Romanian money.

neg: What does HIV destroy in the human body? This viral DNA then gets incorporated into the DNA of the human cell (T lymphocyte), and remains there for the lifetime of that cell. Once HIV enters the body, it gets attached to a type of white blood cell called T lymphocyte (which is the T cell in the human body's protection against infections). The RNA (genetic material) of the virus then gets converted to DNA (genetic material) by an enzyme that the virus produces.

neg: HIV Treatment Options RAL. 1  Integrase is an enzyme needed by the HIV virus so that it can make copies of itself. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors, also just known as integrase inhibitors, block the action of integrase. 2  Integrase strand transfer inhibitors prevent human immunodeficiency virus from multiplying in the host.

neg: - Products containing alcohol can be poisonous for your dog. Veterinarians define this as alcohol or ethanol poisoning. Dogs develop symptoms of toxicity at much lower doses than humans and extreme cases can be fatal.

neg: Causes of HIV/AIDS Embedded in the viral envelope are proteins from the host cell, as well as 72 copies (on average) of a complex HIV protein (frequently called spikes) that protrudes through the surface of the virus particle (virion).he core of HIV also includes a protein called p7, the HIV nucleocapsid protein. Three enzymes carry out later steps in the virus's life cycle: reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. Another HIV protein called p17, or the HIV matrix protein, lies between the viral core and the viral envelope.

neg: Introduction How HIV can damage your kidneys. People who have HIV infection plus elevated viral loads or low CD4 cell (T-cell) counts are more likely to have chronic kidney disease. The HIV virus can attack the filters in the kidneys and stop them from working their best. This effect is called HIV-associated nephropathy, or HIVAN.


query: What is the minimum lethal dose of caffeine for a human

pos: What is a lethal dose of caffeine http://www.consumergenetics.com/caffeine_test.php. The lethal dose of caffeine is 2 grams of caffeine per day, that is, 80-100 cups of coffee a day.For slow metabolizers of caffeine, the lethal dose of caffeine can be lower.he lethal dose of caffeine is 2 grams of caffeine per day, that is, 80-100 cups of coffee a day.

neg: Are You Suffering from a Caffeine Overdose? Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as  generally recognized as safe  (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day.

neg: How Much Caffeine Is in Your Energy Drink? CR says safe limits of caffeine are up to 400 milligrams per day for healthy adults, 200 milligrams a day for pregnant women, and up to 45-85 milligrams per day for children, depending on weight. Not all of the makers of energy drinks are members of the American Beverage Association, the trade group that represents the soft drink industry.

neg: - If you guessed # 3, you are correct. The lethal dosage for a 150 pound adult is 60 mg. The lethal dosage for # 2 is 75 mg and the lethal dosage for # 1 is 200 mg. In other words, nicotine is three times as toxic as arsenic and one and one half times as toxic as strychnine. Nicotine - a poisonous volatile alkaloid, derived from tobacco and responsible for many of the effects of tobacco.

neg: - Print Version. The half-life, which is the time required by the body to metabolize or inactivate 1/2 of a substance activity, for caffeine (doses lower than 4.50mg/lb) ranges from 2.5 to 10hrs.eaning, caffeine has little to no pharmacological effect after this time but may still be present in small amounts in the body. The variability in rates of elimination is due to an individual’s efficiency in metabolizing caffeine, not absorption.

neg: Caffeine Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day. A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what bean (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso).hen caffeine is consumed, it antagonizes adenosine receptors; in other words, caffeine prevents adenosine from activating the receptor by blocking the location on the receptor where adenosine binds to it. As a result, caffeine temporarily prevents or relieves drowsiness, and thus maintains or restores alertness.

neg: - The amount of caffeine considered to be an overdose varies by a person’s size, age and gender, but in general, doses of greater than 10 grams can be fatal in adults. A typical cup of coffee has about 115 mg of caffeine, so you’d need to drink more than 85 cups to consume 10 grams.

neg: How Much Starbucks Coffee Does it Take to Kill You? Caffeine, it’s the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive drug, and 90% of all Americans consume it daily! Now, I don’t know about you, but when I think of caffeine, the first thing that comes to mind HAS to be lethality! I mean 10 grams of this stuff is enough to kill ya!

neg: Caffeine A therapeutic dose of caffeine is about the same as the amount found in an average cup of coffee, between 100 and 200 milligrams (0.0071 ounces). Decaffeinated coffee can be prepared through extraction with a solvent (such as methylene chloride), water extraction, or steam extraction.

neg: - It falls in the stimulant class, and effects the central nervous system. The lethal dose of caffeine is too high to be of daily concern; the lethal dose is 170 mg/kg, or 12.5-14.6 g for an average adult male. This corresponds to drinking about 80-100 cups of coffee in a short period of time assuming the entire amount was absorbed into the body. It is rapidly absorbed through the stomach lining, and reaches the bloodstream in within 30-45 minutes.

neg: Gram-Negative Bacilli Signs and Symptoms of UTI. Symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children include the following: 1  Diarrhea.  Excessive crying that cannot be resolved by typical measures (e.g., feeding, holding)

neg: Caffeine overdose is very real: See if youâre drinking too much coffee A 150-pound person would need to consume more than 62 cups of brewed coffee to get a fatal dosage. Still, you can experience symptoms of an overdose with a much smaller amount. Ingest between 400-600mg of caffeine and you could start experiencing unwanted side effects.

neg: Caffeine Massive overdose can result in death. The LD50 of caffeine in humans is dependent on individual sensitivity, but is estimated to be 150 to 200 milligrams per kilogram of body mass (75–100 cups of coffee for a 70 kilogram adult).

neg: How long does a military personnel stay overseas/tour of duty? Like it was said it depends on your branch, job, what is going on in the area that you are going to. And to correct Weazol some of the Air Force has already been doing 6 month tours while the others were at 4 months, but now the majority of us are doing 6-8 months. i am finishing up one for 7. #7 Sep 15, 2010.

neg: Caffeine Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as  generally recognized as safe  (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day.A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what bean (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso).affeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can be used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity, and to prevent apnea of prematurity: caffeine citrate was placed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in 2007.

neg: The Maximum Daily Dosage of Caffeine The maximum limit is any amount that changes caffeine's pleasant side effects into unpleasant ones. Most adults can consume 200 mg to 300 mg of caffeine per day, which translates to two to four cups of coffee, without any health concerns or negative side effects.nce you start drinking four or more cups of coffee, or otherwise consuming 500 mg to 600 mg of caffeine daily, you are more likely to experience the ill effects of caffeine. Coffee is one of the most abundant sources of caffeine, although other consumable items contain the drug.

neg: Caffeine Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical doses of under 500 milligrams per day. A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what bean (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach a lethal dose.

neg: - For healthy adults, the FDA reports that 400 milligrams of caffeine a day-about 4 or 5 cups of coffee-are safe to consume without any dangerous or negative side effects. But Temple said how much caffeine a person can safely consume varies from person to person.

neg: How Much Is Too Much Caffeine? The Takeaway. 1  More than 500 mg of caffeine in one day can be dangerous (even though that number is subject to the individual). 2  Potential effects of consuming too much caffeine include panic attacks, cardiac arrhythmias, and even suicidal tendencies.ive cups of coffee can cause a caffeine overdose, but it’s pretty difficult to get too much caffeine from something like soda or chocolate — to hit 500 mg a day, a person would need to consume 14 cans of Diet Coke or five cups of chocolate chips.

neg: - 1. Arsenic 2. Strychnine 3. Nicotine If you guessed # 3, you are correct. The lethal dosage for a 150 pound adult is 60 mg. The lethal dosage for # 2 is 75 mg and the lethal dosage for # 1 is 200 mg. In other words, nicotine is three times as toxic as arsenic and one and one half times as toxic as strychnine.rsenic 2. Strychnine 3. Nicotine If you guessed # 3, you are correct. The lethal dosage for a 150 pound adult is 60 mg. The lethal dosage for # 2 is 75 mg and the lethal dosage for # 1 is 200 mg. In other words, nicotine is three times as toxic as arsenic and one and one half times as toxic as strychnine.

neg: Caffeine and Coffee Whilst research supports that a caffeine intake of up to 300 mg/day is not associated with an adverse effects in healthy adults, 3mg per kilogram weight is the level generally accepted as the recommended limit of caffeine intake for adults.

neg: - I can't imagine that one bean in a medium sized dog would be toxic...I'd think she may have the zoomies for a while... I found this, maybe it will ease your mind: In dogs the toxic dose (of caffeine) is approximately 200 mg/kg of body weight. By means of comparison, a 7 oz cup of coffee has the following. caffeine (mg) amounts, according to Bunker and McWilliams in J.

neg: Caffeine: A Userâs Guide to Getting Optimally Wired Between 20-200mg per hour may be an optimal dose for cognitive function. Caffeine crosses the blood-brain barrier quickly (owing to its lipid solubility) although it can take up to 45 minutes for full ingestion through the gastro-intestinal tract.

neg: Caffeine: A Userâs Guide to Getting Optimally Wired Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant in the world, but few use it to maximal advantage. Get optimally wired with these tips. 1) Consume in small, frequent amounts. Between 20-200mg per hour may be an optimal dose for cognitive function. Caffeine crosses the blood-brain barrier quickly (owing to its lipid solubility) although it can take up to 45 minutes for full ingestion through the gastro-intestinal tract.

neg: The Maximum Daily Dosage of Caffeine Amount and Sources. Most adults can consume 200 mg to 300 mg of caffeine per day, which translates to two to four cups of coffee, without any health concerns or negative side effects.nce you start drinking four or more cups of coffee, or otherwise consuming 500 mg to 600 mg of caffeine daily, you are more likely to experience the ill effects of caffeine. Coffee is one of the most abundant sources of caffeine, although other consumable items contain the drug.

neg: Caffeine A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what bean (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach a lethal dose.


query: the meaning of druggist

pos: Definition of 'druggist' A druggist is someone who is qualified to sell medicines and drugs ordered by a doctor. [US] regional note: in BRIT, usually use chemist. 2. countable noun. A druggist or a druggist's is a store where medicines and drugs ordered by a doctor are sold.

neg: Drug interaction A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.he opposite effect to synergy is termed antagonism. Two drugs are antagonistic when their interaction causes a decrease in the effects of one or both of the drugs. Both synergy and antagonism can both occur during different phases of the interaction of a drug with an organism, with each effect having a different name.

neg: - Medical Definition of HERBICIDE. : an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth.— her·bi·cid·al \ˌ(h)ər-bə-ˈsīd-əl\ adjective.edical Definition of HERBICIDE. : an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth.

neg: - noun, plural pharmacies. 1. Also called pharmaceutics. the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines. 2. a drugstore.

neg: Warg Orell, a warg of the Free Folk, while communing with his eagle. Wargs are people with the ability to enter the minds of animals and perceive the world through their senses and even control their actions. The act of doing this is called warging. The ability starts out as vivid dreams in which the warg sees and perceives the world through the senses of an animal.

neg: Difference Between Drug and Medicine Difference Between Drug and Medicine Definition. Drug is any substance other than food which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. Medicine is a substance that is used in treating disease or relieving pain. Purpose

neg: drug (drug) 1. a chemical substance that affects the processes of the mind or body. 2. any chemical compound used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease or other abnormal condition. 3. a substance used recreationally for its effects on the central nervous system, such as a narcotic. 4. to administer a drug to.

neg: What is the difference between a druggist, a pharmacist, and a chemist? So saying going to the chemist in most practical cases means going to a retail pharmacy, unless the context provides for the chemistry meaning. The net effect of all that is:- American druggist in a drugstore.

neg: Drug test For other uses, see Drug testing (disambiguation) . A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.mployment-related test results are relayed to a medical review office (MRO) where a medical physician reviews the results. If the result of the screen is negative, the MRO informs the employer that the employee has no detectable drug in the urine, typically within 24 hours.

neg: Medication A pharmaceutical drug (also referred to as a medicinal product, medicine, medication, or medicament) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. blockbuster drug is a drug generating more than $1 billion of revenue for the pharmaceutical company that sells it each year. Cimetidine was the first drug ever to reach more than $1 billion a year in sales, thus making it the first blockbuster drug.

neg: - Human Drug Compounding. Compounding is generally a practice in which a licensed pharmacist, a licensed physician, or, in the case of an outsourcing facility, a person under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist, combines, mixes, or alters ingredients of a drug to create a medication tailored to the needs of an individual patient.

neg: - drug a·buse. Habitual use of drugs not needed for therapeutic purposes (e.g., such as solely to alter one's mood, affect, or state of consciousness) or to affect a body function unnecessarily (e.g., laxative abuse); nonmedical use of drugs. (drŭg ă-byūs').

neg: Pharmacy The Apothecary or The Chemist by Gabriël Metsu (c. 1651–67) Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs. It is a health profession that links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.

neg: drug 1. a chemical substance that affects the processes of the mind or body. 2. any chemical compound used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease or other abnormal condition. 3. a substance used recreationally for its effects on the central nervous system, such as a narcotic. 4. to administer a drug to.

neg: drug Dosage Form. A dosage form is the physical form in which a drug is produced and dispensed, such as a tablet, a capsule, or an injectable. Drug. A drug is defined as: 1  A substance recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary. 2  A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. 3  A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body.

neg: - In scientific language, a drug and a medication are the same thing. But in layperson’s language, “drugs” can mean either psychotropic “street” drugs taken under illicit circumstances or prescription medications taken for therapeutic or preventive purposes. “Medication” or “medicine” refers only to the latter.

neg: Drug paraphernalia  Drug paraphernalia  is a term used, often with a slightly negative connotation due to its use in criminal law (e.g. possession of drug paraphernalia), to denote any equipment, product, or material that is modified for making, using, or concealing drugs, typically for recreational purposes.overnment crackdowns have resulted in the arrest of sellers of recreational drug paraphernalia, such as actor Tommy Chong, who spent time in prison in 2003 for having his name used on bongs for sale via the internet.

neg: Drug Offenses Law and Legal Definition A drug offense refers to the possession, use, sale or furnishing of any drug or intoxicating substance or drug paraphernalia, that is prohibited by law. Most drug offenses are felonies. The most common defense raised is to challenge the search and seizure that resulted in the police finding the drugs.

neg: PILL PUSHER Classified under: Nouns denoting people. Synonyms: apothecary; druggist; pharmacist; pill pusher; pill roller; chemist. Hypernyms (pill pusher is a kind of...): caregiver; health care provider; health professional (a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability).

neg: Drug Eruption A drug rash (drug eruption), also known as a drug reaction, is a skin condition caused by a medication. A drug rash can appear in many forms, and any medication can cause a drug rash. Drug rashes can appear on people of all ages, all races, and of both sexes.

neg: - Pharmacology refers to the actions of drugs on mechanisms in the body. The effect of a drug is proportional to the concentration of that drug at its site of action.Drug abuse refers to the use, usually by self-administration, of any drug in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns within a given culture. This definition is largely a social one.lcohol is a good example of this, as is the use of cigarette tobacco. Sometimes in a society, the use of a drug may not be considered abuse until use of the substance becomes widespread. It is only after substantial research and development of social awareness that the use of certain drugs is viewed as drug abuse.

neg: - Administration and Kinetics of Drugs. Drug administration is the giving of a drug by one of several means (routes). Drug kinetics (pharmacokinetics) describes how the body handles a drug and accounts for the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

neg: druggist Druggist definition, a person who compounds or prepares drugs according to medical prescriptions; apothecary; pharmacist; dispensing chemist. See more.

neg: - The War on Drugs is an American term commonly applied to a campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military intervention, with the stated aim being to reduce the illegal drug trade.

neg: Drug A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue, causes a physiological change in the body.

neg: apothecary An apothecary is defined as the person in a pharmacy who is trusted to distribute medicine responsibly and accurately. An example of an apothecary is a pharmacist or druggist.


query: how long does it take for steam carpet to dry

pos: How long does it normally take for a carpet to dry after steam cleaning? One room is completely dry, and so is the hallway, the other is in the corner of the house and is still considerably wet after 24 hours. I can't open the window in that room so the ventilation is pretty poor. I've turned on the space... show more I had the carpets in two rooms and a hallway steam cleaned yesterday. One room is completely dry, and so is the hallway, the other is in the corner of the house and is still considerably wet after 24 hours. I can't open the window in that room so the ventilation is pretty poor. I've turned on the space...

neg: How Long Does it Take for Carpet to Dry after a Professional Cleaning? 1 The longer it will take to dry. 2  Ask for a ‘blow-dry’. Ask your professional to use a blower or van to help dry your carpet in areas he’s finished cleaning.  Open some windows to get air flowing through your home. Just two windows at the opposite end of the home will speed things up significantly.

neg: FAQâs How long does it take my carpet to dry? For steam cleaning, normal drying time for moderately soiled carpet is approximately 6-8 hours. If doors and windows can be opened and ceiling fans or floor fans used, drying time can be as little as a couple of hours. Our truck-mounted equipment will extract nearly 97% of the water out of the carpet, so drying is faster than you might have imagined. With our dry cleaning method, drying takes about an hour.

neg: Sterilization and Infection Control Blog The dry heat sterilization process takes much longer even at higher temperatures than steam sterilization. For dry heat sterilization at a temperature of 180°C an exposure time of 30 minutes is needed. I hope this will help you to understand the nature of steam and the critical role it plays in the sterilization process. Generating the ideal conditions for saturated steam will positively impact the sterilization results. Wet steam or superheated steam are problematic.

neg: How Long Does it Take for Carpet to Dry after a Professional Cleaning? There are a lot of factors that determine drying time, however on average your carpet will take from 6-12 hours to dry after a professional hot water extraction cleaning and about 2-4 hours after a dry cleaning.

neg: How Much Does Professional Carpet Cleaning Cost? Steam cleaner rentals cost anywhere from $35 to $50 per day, plus the cost of the cleaning solution. Most steam cleaner rental venues and manufacturers recommend using their own cleaning solution rather than a third party's brand.If you ignore this advice, you risk damaging your carpet or the machine.team cleaner rentals cost anywhere from $35 to $50 per day, plus the cost of the cleaning solution. Most steam cleaner rental venues and manufacturers recommend using their own cleaning solution rather than a third party's brand.

neg: - Cauliflower: Cauliflower florets will steam on the stovetop in about six minutes. For microwave steaming, cook cauliflower for three to four minutes. Green Beans: Steam green beans on the stovetop for about five minutes. In the microwave, steam green beans for three to four minutes. Peas: Peas steamed on the stovetop take about three minutes. In the microwave, steam peas for one to two minutes.

neg: How Long Does A Carpet Take To Dry After Cleaning Think of it like a persons hair after washing. Short hair on a person dries quicker than long. Time of year and ambient temperature also play a part in how long a carpet takes to dry after cleaning. In the middle of summer on a hot dry day and with a breeze carpets will dry the fastest.

neg: - The amount of time it will take depends on many factors such as the amount of. furniture to be moved and the amount of stains and soil in the carpet. On average, it. takes 30-45 minutes to clean a room.

neg: How Long Do Carpets Take to Dry after Carpet Cleaning The carpet cleaning method that is chosen will also determine how long it’s going to take for the carpet to dry completely. Let’s look at the two common carpet cleaning methods, dry cleaning and steam cleaning, and the time it takes for a carpet to dry when cleaned using any of these methods.

neg: How long does it take polyurethane to dry and cure? Stain was 6 days down and dry. I put urethane (water oil modified satin). I have white marks it looks like something spilled and ran at one time. The thing is the floor took the stain and the marks weren’t noticeable. With the urethane down these marks are very obvious.

neg: - 1 Vacuum the carpet with the wet vacuum cleaner until you get no more water. 2  The wet vacuum cleaner removes water from the carpet itself, but it may not be able to remove it from the padding if the water has wicked through the carpet backing or soaked in under the edges.f you have a small area rug or carpet that is wet, the best thing to do it is remove it from the floor and hang or lay it outside until it dries completely. However, if you are dealing with wet wall-to-wall carpet, or a carpet piece that is too large to remove, you may need to try to dry it where it is.

neg: - 5. Open windows and turn on ventilating systems while carpet cleaning 6. Turn up the machine’s p.s.i. as high as safely possible to provide maximum water lift/moisture removal 7. Perform two or more dry strokes for every wet stroke 8. Use as little vacuum hose as possible and make sure it does not coil, causing restrictions 9. Install air movers at strategic locations around the just cleaned area 10. For carpets to dry faster at future cleaning jobs, look into new wand technologies.

neg: - A. Because these products don't adversely affect most anything, they are very easy to apply. You may use a Miracle Sealant Applicator, pump up sprayer, clean towels or a light weight rayon mop. The general rule is to wet the surface so it gets very wet to your eye. Allow to stand 3-5 minutes and wipe or buff off the excess with a clean towel or carpet bonnet under a floor machine.

neg: FAQâs For steam cleaning, normal drying time for moderately soiled carpet is approximately 6-8 hours. If doors and windows can be opened and ceiling fans or floor fans used, drying time can be as little as a couple of hours.

neg: How long does it take superglue to dry completely? give it a good 5 or 6 hours, it would actually take 12 hours for it to fully dry, leave it as long as possible. It also depends on how good the super glue is. Stardust - expecting baby no.3!! · 7 years ago.

neg: - Answer: &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp Depending on the type of carpet you have synthetic fiber vs. wool etc. and also depending on pile height; your carpet will more than likely take about 12 to 24 hours to dry. During this time it is perfectly fine for you to walk on the carpet.f you decide you want to have us apply a protective coating to the carpet which we strongly recommend if the carpet is of value to you. The price for this would be $50.00 based on 2 rooms @ $20.00 per room.

neg: How Long Does Ceramic Tile Floor Grout Take to Dry? Dry Time. In most cases, you should allow the grout to dry overnight before using that room as total dry time may take up to 24 hours. If you are thinking about sealing your grout after you have installed it, you need to wait even longer than that so that all of the moisture has had time to be released.

neg: How long does it take for tile to dry? Best Answer: Be careful. Not all thinsets dry in two hours. There is thinset that is fast setting but you also have less time to work with it.The speed in which it dries has nothing to do with its quality. 24 hrs. is usually long enough for the most commonly used thinsets.eport Abuse. It really should dry for 24 hrs to prevent moving while the thinset is still wet. If you have to walk on it, you should try to step evenly and as much to the middle of the tile as possible, but it could still get messed up if it hasn't dried long enough. CE Turner · 7 years ago.

neg: How are igneous rocks formed? Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of a planet, surrounded by pre-existing rock (called country rock); the magma cools slowly and, as a result, these rocks are coarse grained. The mineral grains in such rocks can generally be identified with the naked eye.gneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.

neg: How Long Should I Wait to Move Furniture After Cleaning Carpets? The amount of time you wait to return the furniture depends on the type of cleaning method used. Cleaned carpets remain wet for up to eight hours, according to Housekeeping Channel. Bonnet cleaning, which treats the carpet with special pads, dries within 30 minutes. Wait until the carpet is fully dry before bringing your furniture back into the room. Heavy furniture that presses down on the wet carpet pushes and weighs down the fibers.

neg: How long does it take polyurethane to dry and cure? Oil based polyurethane takes longer to dry than water based poly. 1  24 hrs before you can walk on the floors. 2  Hours 24-48, you can walk on the floors with socks. 3  Avoid shoes and bare feet. 4  And, make sure your pets (who usually have bare feet) do not walk on the floors during this time.5  48 hrs you can walk on it with shoes. After 4 days, you can move furniture back on to the floors. 2  It's ideal to wait 1-2 weeks before dogs walk on the floors (unless they use doggie socks). 3  It takes a full 30 days for the floors to cure, so it's ideal to wait 30 days before putting area rugs on the surface.

neg: - Depending on the wear, tear, your carpet cleaning methods, and it's warranty, carpet should last aproximately 5 to 7 years.

neg: - Oil based polyurethane takes longer to dry than water based poly. 1  24 hrs before you can walk on the floors. 2  Hours 24-48, you can walk on the floors with socks. 3  48 hrs you can walk on it with shoes.  After 4 days, you can move furniture back on to the floors.

neg: Chem-Dry Carpet Cleaning And, Chem-Dry uses 80% less water than typical steam cleaning so carpets dry in hours instead of days, making it the safer and more convenient carpet cleaning choice. All of this means Chem-Dry cleans for your health like no one else.

neg: How Long Does Ceramic Tile Floor Grout Take to Dry? Naturally, since grout is meant to be durable, clearing any grout off of your ceramic tile when it’s already dry will be difficult. So, instead, you’ll want to take a wet sponge to the grout after it sets for about 15 to 30 minutes.


query: what is the boardwalk in pacific beach

pos: Mission Beach â Pacific Beach Boardwalk by which the boardwalk passes) The Mission Beach – Pacific Beach Boardwalk, also known as Oceanfront Boardwalk, is a concrete walkway that spans about 3 1/2 miles, from North Pacific Beach to South Mission Beach.

neg: - Surf City Nights Tuesdays evenings! Where: Main Street, 1st - 3rd blocks between PCH & Orange, Huntington Beach, CA 92648. When: 5 to 9 p.m. Cost: Free. Getting there: Take San Diego Freeway (405) Beach Blvd.

neg: - One of the top attractions in Ocean City is its legendary boardwalk. Snaking two and a half miles along the Atlantic Ocean, the wooden promenade stretches from 23rd Street to St. James Place and boasts two amusement parks, a water park and daily excitement for vacationers.

neg: - Your lease probably doesn't say that you have to pay late fees on late fees. What does happen is that your the new rent you pay goes towards your oldest debt. So, your rent will go to pay for your late fee, then you have $50 in late rent, and thus you will owe another late fee.

neg: boardwalk A boardwalk is a wooden path along a beach. In some places, it’s just a walkway over the marshes, but in others, it’s where all the action is, like in the song from the 1960’s “Under the Boardwalk.” Some boardwalks are simply wooden walkways, built so pedestrians can stroll near the water without damaging seaside plants or getting sand in their shoes.

neg: - There's also the famous Santa Monica Pier, a Southern California landmark with the world’s only solar-powered Ferris wheel, a carousel, carnival games and roller coaster. Ocean Front Walk is a paved boardwalk for jogging, rollerblading or biking-stretching south to the ever-eclectic Venice Beach.

neg: - Raw: Sandy throws roller coaster into the ocean. In New Jersey, superstorm Sandy destroyed several blocks of Atlantic City's world-famous boardwalk and wrecked several other boardwalks up and down the coast. A Seaside Heights roller coaster was left partially submerged in the ocean.

neg: - Shown is the Amtrak train called Pacific Surfliner, which goes between Los Angeles and San Diego with some stops at this public beach next to the pier in San Clemente, CA. We fondly call it the beach train. See Pacific Surfliner stops.

neg: Beach & Boardwalk Garden Pier, known as the arts and cultural center of the Boardwalk, is the location of the Atlantic City Historical Museum and the Atlantic City Art Center. The Tropicana Difference: Tropicana is ideally situated on the Atlantic City Boardwalk.

neg: PRINCEVILLE BEACHES - South Pacific Beach -- 15 min 4 miles from Cliffs Resort-- [Properly called Lumahai Beach] This is the beach where the film South Pacific was filmed. The beach is a little over a half mile long, slightly crescent shaped, and absolutely gorgeous. However there is no reef protection and swimming is dangerous.

neg: Beaches & Parks Del Mar Beaches. The beach in Del Mar is one of the most beautiful and enjoyable in San Diego. The two plus miles of sandy beach offers a great place to relax, walk, or run. Two coastal parks, Powerhouse and Seagrove Parks, are located just above the 15th Street surf break; providing a great spot to picnic with friends and family.

neg: - This hotel is located across the street from the Prime Outlets-Pismo Beach mall. The hotel offers an outdoor swimming pool, a daily continental breakfast, free parking, and free WiFi. This Pismo Beach, California hotel is 2-blocks from the boardwalk and historic pier.

neg: Ocean City NJ Boardwalk Located directly on the Ocean City, NJ Boardwalk and serving fresh American cuisine, Oves Restaurant is a great place for families to dine out. Oves Restaurant also offers bike and beach equipment rentals. Island Grill is a seafood and steakhouse in Ocean City where you can find many delicious dishes.

neg: - The best mile to discover along the Myrtle Beach coastline. The Myrtle Beach area's new 1.2 mile-long Oceanfront Boardwalk and Promenade traverses through the sand from the 14th Avenue to 2nd Avenue Piers in Myrtle Beach.

neg: Venice Pier Beach The Venice Pier Beach is at the long fishing pier jutting out into the Pacific Ocean from the Venice District of Los Angeles. This area of LA has a reputation for great people watching and street entertainers. This is a great place to get out and bike or walk.

neg: - Atlantic City’s Ocean Pier is the first seaside amusement pier and was built in 1882. If you’ve got a sweet tooth, be sure to stock up on boxes of salt water taffy before your Atlantic City flight home.

neg: Santa Monica Pier - Things to Do in Santa Monica Santa Monica Pier is one of the West Coast's oldest pleasure piers, dating back to 1909. Pacific Park is one of the best Santa Monica attractions, serving up all kinds of family fun — from carnival-style boardwalk amusements to fast moving roller coasters. It's the West Coast's only amusement park located on a pier.

neg: - Sunset Beach: Spanning in distance from Ehukai Beach (Banzai Pipeline) to Sunset Point and encompassing a dozen different reef breaks, this two-mile length of sand is considered the longest stretch of rideable surf spots in the world. This is also a venue for the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing (November - December).

neg: - Family owned & operated ocean front lodging since 1962. Located on the Central Oregon Coast at milepost 158.3, on Big Stump Beach between Yachats and Waldport, Oregon. OCEAN FRONT COTTAGES ~ EASY BEACH ACCESS.

neg: - Imagine staying just steps from the beach in beautiful downtown Pismo Beach. This lower level condo has 2 bedrooms, 2 baths in an oceanfront building with spectacular views of the Pacific Ocean. This property is located on the Pismo Beach boardwalk. 2 bedroom 2 bath lower level condo just steps... View all property information.

neg: - The Wildwood Boardwalk. You can't go to the Jersey shore without visiting the Wildwood boardwalk - a world famous beachfront promenade affectionately known as 2 Mile of Smiles!. You can walk the boards, ride a bicycle at specified times, or ride the battery operated tram cars.

neg: Atlantic City Boardwalk NJ The Atlantic City, NJ Boardwalk is one of the most well-known beach attractions in the state. Whether you are looking for fun attractions that the whole family can take part in or a venue with music events and gambling, it can all be found around this boardwalk. Atlantic City Beach NJ.

neg: Receive Exclusive Money Saving Discounts The Boardwalk includes various attractions such as the SkyWheel, concerts in Plyler Park, and the ever-active downtown Myrtle Beach area. Take a nice beach-side stroll or do some shopping along the strip.

neg: Pass-A-Grille Beach Pass-A-Grille Beach is my favorite beach in the St. Pete area. There are no buildings (except for the beach concession) located right on the beach. Gulf Way is the street that runs along the beach the entire length of Pass-A-Grille. It separates the beach from the homes.

neg: Ocean City, New Jersey Ocean City Boardwalk, looking south. The Ocean City boardwalk is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the resort. It is also one of the most well-known boardwalks in the world. It is 2.5-mile (4.0 km) long and runs north from 23rd Street to St. James Place, with mile markers for people who are exercising.

neg: - The BOARDWALK BEACH RESORT is where you want to be! On the ocean in the heart of Myrtle Beach, SC, we are close to a vast array of attractions, restaurants, and shops, including Broadway at the Beach, Pelicans Baseball Stadium, Nascar Speed Park, Pavilion Nostalgia Amusement Park and the Convention Center.


query: when did the motown sound start

pos: - Tamla Records, the first label in the Motown group, was formed in January 1959. Motown is still going, currently as part of the Universal Music Group, but it ceased to be an …independent company in June 1988 when founder Berry Gordy Jr. sold the business to MCA for $61 million.

neg: - By the mid-60s, as that bright, bouncy Motown Sound captured the U.S. listening public and started making major inroads overseas, Gordy confidently issued a memo stating, “We will release nothing less than Top Ten product on any artist.

neg: Berry Gordy's Motown Records They also put together the Rayber Voices, a studio group that backed most of Motown's first acts early recordings. In late 1957, Gordy had his first success with Reet Petite which was recorded by Detroit born Jackie Wilson who had at one time replaced Clyde McPhatter as lead singer of the Dominoes.

neg: Motown As an irresistible force of social and cultural change, Berry Gordy’s legendary Motown made its mark not just on the music industry, but society at large, with a sound that has become one of the most significant musical accomplishments and stunning success stories of the 20th century.

neg: These 22 Lost Classics Of Motown Deserve To Be Rediscovered Posted: 02/26/2014 1:26 pm EST Updated: 06/20/2014 4:59 pm EDT. When it comes to songs about first love, true love and heartbreak, we go back, again and again, to a record label that took its heart and soul from Detroit: Motown. The home of Stevie Wonder, the Temptations, Diana Ross & the Supremes, Marvin Gaye and the young Michael Jackson.

neg: Four Tops Four Tops records often represented the epitome of the Motown Sound: simple distinctive melodies and rhymes, call-and-response lyrics, and the musical contributions of studio band, The Funk Brothers.

neg: - 4/13/2017: ON THIS DAY IN 1970...Motown released Diana Ross & The Supremes' final album, Farewell.. By this time, Diana Ross was a solo artist, and The Supremes were starting a new chapter with lead singer, Jean Terrell.

neg: Love Child  (The Supremes album) Love Child (The Supremes album) Love Child is the fifteenth studio album released by Diana Ross & the Supremes for the Motown label in 1968. The LP was the group's first studio LP not to include any songs written or produced by any member of the Holland–Dozier–Holland production team, who had previously overseen most of the Supremes' releases. According to Motown data this album, was part of a strong 4th quarter release schedule.

neg: Berry Gordy Jr. Biography Synopsis. Born in 1929 in Detroit, Berry Gordy Jr. founded Motown Records in 1959. The 1960s and '70s saw popular artists who Gordy developed—including the Supremes, the Jackson 5, Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye —dominate the music scene. Changing tastes and a loss of focus led to Motown's decline, and Gordy sold the company in 1988. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame that same year.

neg: The Miracles The Miracles (also known as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles from 1965 to 1972) were an American rhythm and blues vocal group that was the first successful recording act for Berry Gordy's Motown Records, and one of the most important and influential groups in pop, rock and roll, and R&B music history.

neg: - Berry Gordy Jr. (born November 28, 1929) is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries, which was the highest-earning African-American business for decades.

neg: The Temptations The Temptations were the first Motown recording act to win a Grammy Award - for Cloud Nine in 1969 - and in 2013 received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Six of the Temptations (Edwards, Franklin, Kendricks, Ruffin, Otis Williams and Paul Williams) were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989.

neg: Motown soul singer Tammi Terrell dies Motown soul singer Tammi Terrell dies. Share this: Over a span of just 12 months beginning in April 1967, the duo of Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell enjoyed a string of four straight hits with some of the greatest love songs ever recorded at Motown Records. Sadly, only the first two of those four hits were released while Tammi Terrell was still well enough to perform them. In October 1967, just six months after the release of the now-classic “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough,” Terrell collapsed onstage during a live performance at Virginia’s Hampton-Sydney College.

neg: 15 of the best Motown songs you've likely never heard But Bird flew under the radar, partly because it came out five months after the group's last release. Nevertheless, the tune is straight-up Motown magic with a steady driving beat, much in the vein of the bigger hits by the Supremes and Marvelettes.

neg: Somebody's Watching Me  (4:57) the debut single by R&B artist Rockwell, released on the Motown label in 1984 It featured former Motown artists Michael Jackson on the chorus & Jermaine Jackson on additional backing vocals.

neg: - Marvin begins a consistent occupancy of the R&B and pop charts of the 1960s with hits penned by others, such as “Can I Get A Witness” and “How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)” from the Holland/Dozier/Holland team, and “I’ll Be Doggone” and “Ain’t That Peculiar” from Smokey Robinson.

neg: - I wanted the same concept for my company, only artist and songs and records. I want a place where a kid off the street could walk in one door and unknown and come out another a recording artist-a star. Motown is both a style of music and a label and is now a metaphor for success and excellence.

neg: - Last update: August 8, 2012. The Motown story is the story of Berry Gordy, Jr., who was born in Detroit Michigan on November 28, 1929. He was the seventh of eight children of Berry Gordy II and Bertha Gordy. His parents had migrated to Detroit from Milledgeville, Georgia in 1922.

neg: Berry Gordy's Motown Records Assembling an industrious staff of songwriters, producers, and musicians, Motown Records built one of the most impressive rosters of artist in the history of pop music and became the largest and most successful independent record company in the United States by 1964. Berry Sr. and Bertha Gordy.

neg: Berry Gordy The record did not sell well and is now one of the rarest issues from the Motown stable. Berry's third release was Bad Girl by the Miracles, the first release on the Motown record label. Bad Girl was a solid hit in 1959 after Chess Records picked it up.

neg: - Ron White of the Miracles brings Stevie to audition at Motown. Signed in the summer of 1961, the prodigy is to be known professionally as Little Stevie Wonder. Two albums follow in ’62: The Jazz Soul Of Little Stevie and Tribute To Uncle Ray.

neg: - He was discovered by Gerald White of The Miracles, taken to Motown where he met with and was signed to Motown's Tamla label by Berry Gordy in 1961, when he was 11 years old. He still sings and records for Motown. Stevie Wonder has had a prominent place in popular music for over 40 years, recording over 30 top 10 hits.

neg: - Torres Floral Design in Monte Vista, CO provides flower delivery to the following areas and zip codes in CO: Alamosa, Antonito, Blanca, Capulin, Center, Conejos, Crestone, Del Norte, Homelake, Hooper, La Jara, Manassa, Moffat, Monte Vista, Mosca, Romeo, Sanford, South Fork.

neg: The Supremes Martin left the act in early 1962, and Ross, Ballard, and Wilson carried on as a trio. During the mid-1960s, the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer. In 1967, Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, and replaced Ballard with Cindy Birdsong. Ross left to pursue a solo career in 1970 and was replaced by Jean Terrell, at which point the group's name reverted to the Supremes.

neg: Rick Rubin, Russell Simmons: Def Jam's First 25 Years For hip-hop music in the early 1980s, that label was Def Jam. A new book attempts to capture that history in photos, interviews and essays. It's called Def Jam Recordings: The First 25 Years of the Last Great Record Label. LL Cool J was just 17 when he became one of the first artists signed to the company. The men who founded the Def Jam label in 1984 weren't much older.

neg: - Marvin Gaye..What's Going On...Motown 25..1983 - Duration: 5:14. Marvin Lawson 2,140,679 views


query: where do i see my medicare claims

pos: Check the status of a claim To check the status of Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) or Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) claims: 1  Login to MyMedicare.gov. 2  You can access your personalized Medicare information, including the most up-to-date information about your Part A and Part B claims. You’ll usually be able to see a claim within 24 hours after Medicare processes it. 2  You can also use the Blue Button on MyMedicare.gov to download and save your Part A and Part B claims information. 3  Learn more about Medicare’s Blue Button.

neg: How do I file a claim? Follow the instructions on the second page to submit the form to your carrier. Get this form in Spanish. If you don't know the address for your carrier, you can: 1  Find it under the Downloads section of this page. 2  Select one of the links with instructions in the name.3  Look at your  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN). 4  To view an electronic version of your MSN, login to MyMedicare.gov.f the claims aren't being filed timely: 1  Contact your doctor or supplier, and ask them to file a claim. 2  If they don't file a claim, call 1-800-MEDICARE. 3  Ask for the exact time limit for filing a Medicare claim for the service or supply you got.

neg: How to Find a Medicare Number Instructions. Look at your social security card. Your social security number is the first part of your Medicare number for part A and B benefits. The second part is the letter A or B, depending on which benefit you are needing the number for.Part A is inpatient hospital benefits and Part B is outpatient medical benefits.edicare Advantage plans act as a supplement to Part A and B coverage. Contact your Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage provider. This number is located on the provider's website and on many documents from the provider.

neg: Medicare.gov: the Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare Registering on MyMedicare.gov. MyMedicare.gov is an online portal that is part of the Medicare.gov website. It allows you to view personalized details regarding your Medicare coverage, including your eligibility and enrollment information, the status of claims, and benefits information.

neg: Medicare Coverage - General Information People with Medicare, family members, and caregivers should visit Medicare.gov , the official U.S. Government site for people with Medicare, for the latest information on Medicare enrollment, benefits, and other helpful tools.

neg: How do I file a claim? 1 If they don't file a claim, call 1-800-MEDICARE. 2  Ask for the exact time limit for filing a Medicare claim for the service or supply you got. 3  If it's close to the end of the time limit and your doctor or supplier still hasn't filed the claim, you should file the claim.heck the  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN) you get in the mail every 3 months, or login to MyMedicare.gov to make sure claims are being filed timely. If the claims aren't being filed timely: 1  Contact your doctor or supplier, and ask them to file a claim.

neg: How do I file a claim? Check the  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN) you get in the mail every 3 months, or login to MyMedicare.gov to make sure claims are being filed timely. If the claims aren't being filed timely: 1  Contact your doctor or supplier, and ask them to file a claim. 2  If they don't file a claim, call 1-800-MEDICARE.

neg: Adding and verifying patient and claimant Medicare details For your convenience, you can add a patient's Medicare details to their profile in three ways: 1  The patient’s profile: go to the Funding page on the patient's profile, and under Claim & Referrals, Medicare is listed if an appointment covered by Medicare has been made with the patient.

neg: - Get this form in Spanish. If you don't know the address for your carrier, you can: 1  Find it under the Downloads section of this page. 2  Select one of the links with instructions in the name. 3  Look at your  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN). 4  To view an electronic version of your MSN, login to MyMedicare.gov.

neg: Medicare Reimbursement How to file a claim. If you do need to file a Medicare claim, you will have to complete a “Patient’s Request for Medical Payment” form and send the completed form, along with an itemized bill from your provider, to the Medicare contractor for your state.his means that if the approved Medicare reimbursement rate for a mammogram is $100, then a provider that accepts assignment will be required to accept $100 as payment in full for the service, even if his or her normal billing rate is $115.

neg: Medicare Claims & Reimbursement That only happens when the Medicare claims are filed. If your doctor has not yet filed your Medicare claims -- and you are waiting for reimbursement or were responsible for a deductible -- you can call the doctor's office to remind them to file the claim.

neg: How do I file a claim? If a claim isn't filed within this time limit, Medicare can't pay its share. For example, if you see your doctor on March 22, 2012, the Medicare claim for that visit must be filed no later than March 22, 2013.

neg: - If you don't know the address for your carrier, you can: 1  Find it under the Downloads section of this page. 2  Select one of the links with instructions in the name. 3  Look at your  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN).4  To view an electronic version of your MSN, login to MyMedicare.gov.f you don't know the address for your carrier, you can: 1  Find it under the Downloads section of this page. 2  Select one of the links with instructions in the name. 3  Look at your  Medicare Summary Notice  (MSN).

neg: Medicare Benefits & Your Eyes You are eligible for this benefit once, within the first 12 months that you are enrolled in Part B. During the visit your provider will: 1  Record and evaluate your medical and family history, current health conditions and prescriptions. 2  Check your blood pressure, vision, weight and height to get a baseline for your care. Make sure you are up-to-date with preventive screenings and services, such as cancer screenings and shots. Order further tests, depending on your general health and medical history. You do not pay a copayment for your Welcome to Medicare Visit.

neg: Medicare Reimbursement If you do need to file a Medicare claim, you will have to complete a “Patient’s Request for Medical Payment” form and send the completed form, along with an itemized bill from your provider, to the Medicare contractor for your state.f you are enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan or a Medicare prescription drug plan, you may be required to pay the full cost for any services you receive from providers that are outside of the plan’s network.

neg: Medicare in Oregon To qualify for Medicare, you must be either a United States citizen or a legal permanent resident of at least five continuous years. You apply for Medicare in California the same as any state: through the Social Security Administration in person, on the phone, or online. Visit the Social Security website.

neg: Getting started with Medicare You don’t need to sign up if you automatically get Part A and Part B. You'll get your red, white, and blue Medicare card in the mail 3 months before your 25th month of disability.

neg: When and How to File a Medicare Claim However, if your provider doesn’t accept Medicare and tells you that it won’t bill Medicare, you will need to file the claim. To file a claim yourself: Go to Medicare.gov to download and print the Patient Request for Medical Payment form (form #CMS 1490S). You can also get this form directly on the CMS.gov website.

neg: Online bill payment To make sure your bank processes your premium payments correctly, you’ll need to give the bank this information: 1  Account number: Your Medicare claim number without dashes (you’ll find this number on your red, white, and blue Medicare card). 2  Biller name: CMS Medicare Insurance.

neg: Submit a Medicare claim online Before you submit your claim, make sure: 1  you have a copy of the receipt or account from your health professional with you. 2  you upload a copy of your receipt or account - saved as a PDF or JPG file - at the time you submit your claim online.  you upload no more than 10 files for each claim.

neg: What Do Those Extra Letters on Your Medicare Card Mean? A recipient’s Medicare number is located on the front of every Medicare card right under the name of the beneficiary—and most people will recognize the numerical part of their Medicare number immediately. The first nine digits of your Medicare Claim Number should match the nine digits of your Social Security Number. In some cases, however, those digits may match the nine digits of your spouse’s, parent’s, or child’s Social Security Number instead.

neg: How do I file a claim? If your claims aren't being filed timely: 1  Contact your doctor or supplier, and ask them to file a claim. 2  If they don't file a claim, call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227). Ask for the exact time limit for filing a Medicare claim for the service or supply you got. If it's close to the end of the time limit and your doctor or supplier still hasn't filed the claim, you should file the claim.

neg: Category: Medicare and Medicaid To find a doctor that accepts Medicare and Medicaid payments, you may want to visit the Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services' Physician Compare. You can search by State, County, City, Zip Code, and doctor's name and by the name of a Group Practice.n all states, Medicaid provides health coverage for some low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. In some states the program covers all low-income adults below a certain income level.

neg: Who Provides Medicare Coverage? Medicare providers can be found all over the United States. Individuals who collect their Medicare benefits through Original Medicare, that is Part A and Part B, can go to any hospital or medical center they wish as long as that provider accepts Medicare’s payment system.

neg: The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Since my Blood on the Ice quest, like many others, seems to have bugged, I'm wondering how to go about unlocking the the ability to purchase the house in Windhelm. I've read various articles, some saying you need to do the quest while others (and my personal experience on my first character) say that completing the quest doesn't matter.

neg: Your Medicare card If your Medicare card is lost, stolen or damaged, you can ask for a new one online. If you need immediate proof that you have Medicare, you can get your benefit verification letter online by logging into your my Social Security account.


query: who sings bad to the bone?

pos: Who sings that song... bad to the bone? Report Abuse. George Thorogood Bad to the Bone is a blues-influenced rock song by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was released in 1982 on the album of the same name. It was an early hit thanks to its memorable video on MTV, which was in its infancy and had very few titles.

neg: 5 Candidates for the First Rock 'n' Roll Song 2. “Good Rockin’ Tonight” – Wynonie Harris (1948) Well, I heard the news, there’s good rockin’ tonight. . .” With an opening line that could double as a rallying call for rock ‘n’ roll, this song was written and recorded in 1947 by R & B artist Roy Brown. Brown had originally offered the tune to raspy-voiced singer Wynonie “Mr.

neg: Aaron Lewis Brings Rock to Country It turned out the song was Country Boy and the singer was Aaron Lewis – lead singer of the rock band Staind. The song Country Boy is autobiographical. Aaron sings about selling his soul to the record labels in order to become a big rock star. I’m sure we’d all do it if given the chance.

neg: Back in Black songs written w/ Bon Scott Back in Black songs written w/ Bon Scott. Discussion in 'Music Corner' started by Szeppelin75, Jun 10, 2014. I've read somewhere that the Young brothers had some songs written (probably without lyrics) for the followup to Highway to Hell by the time Bon Scott died.

neg: Michael J. Fox really plays guitar, rocks Back to the Future's 'Johnny B. Goode' Michael J. Fox really plays guitar, rocks Back to the Future's 'Johnny B. Goode'. Mike Roe. Michael J. Fox onstage at the 2011 A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To Cure Parkinson's event at The Waldorf-Astoria on November 12, 2011 in New York City.

neg: Bad Luck (Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes song) Single by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. from the album To Be True. Bad Luck (Part 1) is a 1975 disco/R&B/pop single by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. The single was a number one Disco/Dance hit for eleven weeks. On the soul chart Bad Luck went to #4 and also peaked at #15 on the Hot 100.

neg: Cliches Originally an acoustic number, Key To The Highway is Blues at its rawest with a woman driving a man out of his home, out of the state, and quite likely out of his mind. It was first recorded in 1940 by the pianist Charlie Segar backed by Stop and Fix It Mama.. Originally credited to Segar alone, it was co-written with Big Bill Broonzy, and is arguably Broonzy's best known composition; it is certainly the most widely recorded.

neg: Collaborative software Collaborative software. Collaborative software or groupware is an application software designed to help people involved in a common task to achieve their goals. One of the earliest definitions of collaborative software is intentional group processes plus software to support them.

neg: - American singer-songwriter Jenn Bostic performs her song Jealous of the Angels, which pays homage to her late father, exclusively for Telegraph.co.uk. 3:06PM BST 06 Apr 2013. Watch an exclusive live session of American singer-songwriter Jenn Bostic performing Jealous of the Angels.

neg: Tainted Love Tainted Love by Soft Cell Songfacts. 1  This is a cover of a 1964 song by the American soul singer Gloria Jones, whose original version was released as the B-side of her single My Bad Boy's Comin' Home..

neg: Biography His recording of the theme song from The Good, the Bad and the Ugly reached #2 on the U.S. charts in June of 1968. In this highly stylized instrumental recording, the distinctive grunting on the soundtrack is Montenegro himself mumbling nonsensical syllables in Italian.

neg: - I Feel So Bad is a song written and originally recorded by Chuck Willis in 1953. A version of the song was recorded by Elvis Presley on March 12, 1961 in RCA Studio B, in Nashville, TN. Presley recorded a version of the song following the arrangements by Willis and his singing style.

neg: Hell to the No Redirected from Hell To The No. Hell to the No is an original song featured in Original Song, the sixteenth episode of Season Two. It is sung by Mercedes, with the New Directions Girls singing back-up. Hell to the no! is based on off Mercedes' catchphrase. After her performance, Mr. Schuester says the song is great, but not Regionals material, much to Mercedes' dismay. However, this song ends up being the title track of Mercedes' first album.

neg: - Please try again later. Edited select clips of Charlize Theron (Evil Queen Ravenna) from the movie trailers of Snow White And The Huntsman to the movie soundtrack by Florence Welch... 1 Breath Of Life by Florence + The Machine (Google Play • iTunes • AmazonMP3).2  Film & Animation. 3  Standard YouTube License.dited select clips of Charlize Theron (Evil Queen Ravenna) from the movie trailers of Snow White And The Huntsman to the movie soundtrack by Florence Welch... Music. Category. License.

neg: - Raymond 'Boz' Burrell, 60; Original Bass Player for Bad Company. September 30, 2006 | From Times Staff and Wire Reports. Raymond Boz Burrell, 60, original bass player for the hard rock group Bad Company, died Sept. 21 of a heart attack at his home in Spain.

neg: Curtis Grimes Curtis Grimes. Curtis Grimes was a contestant on the first season of The Voice. He was part of Team Cee Lo, and was eliminated in the Quarterfinals. Blind Audition. For Curtis' Blind Audition, he sang Hillbilly Bone. Cee Lo Green was the only coach to turn around, putting Curtis on Team Cee Lo by default.

neg: 'Breaking Bad': The Meaning of the Finale's Last Song PHOTOS: 'Breaking Bad's' 20 Most Badass Quotes. As we saw Walter White (Bryan Cranston) -- bleeding and near death -- back in a lab one last time, he had just the song to send him off. Baby Blue, from British rock band Badfinger, played over Walt's last minutes.The song is from the band's album Straight Up and was a Billboard top 20 hit in 1972. The song was reportedly written about Dixie Armstrong, a woman lead singer Pete Ham had dated while on tour in the U.S.HOTOS: 'Breaking Bad's' 20 Most Badass Quotes. As we saw Walter White (Bryan Cranston) -- bleeding and near death -- back in a lab one last time, he had just the song to send him off. Baby Blue, from British rock band Badfinger, played over Walt's last minutes.

neg: "Childish Gambino's ""Redbone"" is a Ballad in The Key of Bootsy" Childish Gambino’s “Redbone” is a Ballad in The Key of Bootsy. If we’re to read the stars correctly, Childish Gambino‘s next project, Awaken ,My Love!, is promising to be a very funky good time, as The Godfather would put it.

neg: Music Review: George Thorogood and The Destroyers - 'George Thorogood and The Destroyers' and 'Move It On Over' [Remastered] By Wesley Britton, BLOGCRITICS.ORG. If you're like me, George Thorogood and The Destroyers got on your radar screen in late 1982 when their Bad to the Bone single hit the charts. The title track of their fifth album was memorable for Thorogood's hot slide guitar work and his buh-buh-buh-bad stutter throughout it.

neg: The T-Bones No Matter What Shape (Your Stomach's In), was based on the melody from a commercial for Alka-Seltzer. The tune reached #3, and its follow-up, Sippin N Chippin, peaked at #62; the accompanying album hit #75 on the Billboard 200.

neg: Rage Against the Machine Bassist: 'I Apologize for Limp Bizkit' Towards the end of Limp Bizkit's set at New York's Best Buy Theater last year, the group launched into Rage Against the Machine's 1992 classic Killing in the Name, a song they've covered more than 100 times.

neg: Boz Burrell Bass guitarist with Bad Company. Raymond Burrell (Boz Burrell), bass guitarist: born Holbeach, Lincolnshire, 1 January 1946; married; died 21 September 2006. Boz Burrell was a singer and bass player who played with the progressive rock band King Crimson and was a founder member of the stadium band Bad Company.

neg: - Watch the video, get the download or listen to Roger Miller – King Of The Road for free. King Of The Road appears on the album King of the Road. The ultimate descriptive hobo song! This song really hits home for those of us whom have riden the rails!

neg: - Bobby Hutcherson, the legendary jazz vibraphonist, has died at the age of 75, according to multiple news sources. For full coverage and obituary from Legacy.com, click here. Ruby Wilson, 68 (2016) Ruby Wilson, the singer known as the Queen of Beale Street, died Aug. 12, 2016, according to multiple news sources.

neg: Did Michael J. Fox acutally play the song Johnny B. Goode in Back to the Future? RE: Did Michael J. Fox acutally play the song Johnny B. Goode in Back to the Future? I've watched the movie and always wondered if he could actually rock that hard.ession guitarist Brian May did the guitar work, singer Mark Campbell did the vocals. The guitar playing was choreographed and MJF lipsynced it. Brian May and Mark Campbell are listed in the end credits under 'Special Thanks To:' The guitar is a Gibson ES-345 in Vintage Cherry, modified with a Bigsby tremolo unit.

neg: - Halsey - Bad At Love (tradução) (Letra e música para ouvir) - Got a boy back home in Michigan / And it tastes like Jack when I'm kissing him / So I told him that I never really liked his friends / Now he's gone and he's


query: where do cosmic rays come from?

pos: Where Do Cosmic Rays Come From? COSMIC-RAY GUN. Supernovae — exploding massive stars — are one important source of cosmic rays. Astronomers combined images made with the Hubble Space Telescope (red) and Chandra X-ray Observatory (blue) to create this portrait of the Crab Nebula (M1) in Taurus.

neg: Solar Thermal Is Really, Really Dead Where Does Light Come From? Most people know where light comes from. It comes from the sun, from light bulbs, from televisions, but why it comes from these objects is a mystery to many. No matter what the source, light is generally produced via the same mechanism: electrons changing their orbits around nuclei. How does this work?

neg: Warranty A warranty may be express or implied, depending on whether the warranty is explicitly provided (typically written) and the jurisdiction. Warranties may also state that a particular fact is true at one point in time or that the fact will be continue into the future (a promissory or continuing warranty). warranty may be express or implied, depending on whether the warranty is explicitly provided (typically written) and the jurisdiction. Warranties may also state that a particular fact is true at one point in time or that the fact will be continue into the future (a promissory or continuing warranty).

neg: - The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is the afterglow of the birth of the Universe. It originates from about 100,000 years after the Big Bang and is the earliest image of the Universe.

neg: - Of course, the main source of UV rays is the sun, which is also a major source of X-rays. Both X-rays and gamma rays can be made by machines used in diagnostic imaging, but gamma rays come naturally from the decay of radioisotopes.

neg: - A much worse problem is posed by very high-energy particles called cosmic rays. These will interact with metals and generate a storm of secondary radiation particles scattered out of the metal atoms. Thus, aluminum and other metal shields can themselves turn lethal when hit by cosmic rays.

neg: Naturally Occurring Radiation There are three groupings of naturally occurring radiation, mostly based on where the radiation comes from. First there is the radiation in the soils and rocks, called primordial or terrestrial. Then there is radiation that comes from space, called cosmic or cosmogenic.aturally occurring radiation can be found all around us. Radiation can be found in soils, in our air and water, and in us. Because it occurs in our natural environment, we encounter it every day through the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe.

neg: Barbarian ( Dungeons & Dragons) The barbarian is a playable character class in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. The class was introduced as early as 1985 and went through a number of evolutions in subsequent editions of the game. 1 Publication history 1.1 Creative origins. 1.2 Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition.

neg: - After a decade of bewilderment, astronomers have pinpointed the source of a mysterious blast of radio waves coming from deep outside the Milky Way: a dwarf galaxy located 3 billion light years from...

neg: - Some commonly available emulsifiers that can be used are hand washing and dish washing liquid soaps, soap oil, eco-friendly detergents, soapnut powder or any other organic emulsifier can be recommended. How to prepare a bio pesticide or organic pesticide using Nature Neem oil.

neg: What Are Gamma-Rays? (A picometer is one-trillionth of a meter.) They occupy the same region of the EM spectrum as hard X-rays. The only difference between them is their source: X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons, whereas gamma-rays are produced by atomic nuclei. This diagram shows the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves.

neg: How does the sun's energy get to us on earth? through its rays of radiation. In the form of visible light, uv light. radiation partibles (photons) travel in waves through space and hit earth. Then the particle is transformed into another form of energy like heat. the heat from the sun's rays is a form of energy that comes from the sun. The heat can me used to do work because it's energy. etc etc.

neg: - Radiation having lower energy, such as ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, as well as radio and microwaves, originate from the electron clouds that surround the nucleus or the interaction of one atom with another.

neg: Comets, Asteroids, Meteorites and Impacts Comets were originally thought to come from the Oort Cloud, a spherical region that extends about 50,000 AU from the Sun where the cores of comets reside. Every once in a while, the comets are perturbed by a passing star or collision with other comets and some fall in toward the solar system.

neg: - Orign of Gamma Rays Gamma rays are part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation is VERY basically energy travelling in waves. One source of elect…romagnetic radiation is our sun. The reason why Gamma Rays do not hit the earth, is because the earth is protected by an MAGNETIC field.

neg: Elderly Hoarding Transitioning a parent to a senior living situation is already difficult; but dealing with a parent who is a hoarder can really test a family’s sanity. Unfortunately, Diogenes Syndrome, also known as senile squalor syndrome, is more common than you may think. Many people may all be guilty of hoarding to a slight degree.

neg: Cosmic microwave background Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. The accidental discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 is a major development in modern physical cosmology.

neg: How they're made How they're made. Gamma rays are given off by stars, and by some radioactive substances. They are extremely high frequency waves, and carry a large amount of energy. They pass through most materials, and are quite difficult to stop-you need lead or concrete in order to block them out.

neg: Health threat from cosmic rays Health threat from cosmic rays. The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere.

neg: Satellite reveals surprising cosmic 'weather' at edge of solar system IBEX shows that energetic neutral atoms are produced toward the north pole of the ecliptic (the plane traced by the orbit of the planets around the sun), as well as toward the heliosphere tail pointed toward the constellations of Taurus and Orion.

neg: - Background radiationradiation: Energy carried by particles from a radioactive substance, or spreading out from a source. is all around us. Some of it comes from natural sources and some comes from artificial sources. Natural sources of background radiation include: 1  Cosmic rays - radiation that reaches the Earth from space. 2  Rocks and soil - some rocks are radioactive and give off radioactive radon gas.  Living things - plants absorb radioactive materials from the soil and these pass up the food chain.

neg: - 712-3 A. DEFINITIONS. 1. Definition of a Natural Parent. For determining relationship for Temporary Assistance purposes, a natural parent is an individual named as a child's mother or father on the child's official birth record, unless a court makes a formal finding to the contrary.f the male indicates on this form that he is not the father of the child, the male is not considered to be the child's father. Send a copy of the GEN 7 to the CSSD Child Support Services Division noting the client’s EIS Eligibility Information System case number and case name on the top of the form.

neg: Cosmic background radiation Cosmic background radiation is electromagnetic radiation from the sky with no discernible source.ne component is the cosmic microwave background radiation. This component is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an epoch when the Universe became transparent for the first time to radiation.

neg: Power Cosmic The Power Cosmic is the name of a vast source of limitless godly cosmic energy and power primarily wielded by the god-like cosmic entity Galactus.

neg: Random House Cerf is quoted as saying, We just said we were going to publish a few books on the side at random, which suggested the name Random House. In 1934 they published the first authorized edition of James Joyce's novel Ulysses in the Anglophone world. Ulysses really launched Random House.

neg: The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Sun emits energy in two major forms: The solid material is called plasma (which is actually the composition of the sun), a mixture of ions, electrons, and neutral atoms, which is emitted along perturbations in the Sun's magnetic field, and causes solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).


query: what enzyme cross links peptidoglycan in cells

pos: - The bacterial cell wall in the domain Bacteria is composed of a rigid, tight-knit molecular complex called peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a vast polymer consisting of interlocking chains of identical peptidoglycan monomers.actoprenols then insert the peptidoglycan monomers into the breaks in the peptidoglycan at the growing point of the cell wall. 3. Transglycosylase enzymes catalize the formation of glycosidic bonds between the NAM and NAG of the peptidoglycan momomers and the NAG and NAM of the existing peptidoglycan. 4.

neg: Halsted: The Father of Science-Based Surgery Yet this man who accomplished so much for science was a drug addict for 40 years. He was given morphine to help him withdraw from cocaine and ended up hooked on both drugs for the rest of his life. He only worked part of each year. He would disappear for months at a time, apparently to binge on cocaine in privacy.

neg: - The main component of a bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan which surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is a polymer of interlocking chains called monomers. The b … ackbone molecule is composed of two glucose derivatives (amino sugars) abbreviated NAM and NAG which are connected by interpeptide bridges.dentify the component of the bacterial cell that is a ring-shaped piece of DNA that is NOT part of the main chromosome and often plays a role in antibiotic resistance?

neg: Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan is also involved in binary fission during bacterial cell reproduction. The peptidoglycan layer is substantially thicker in Gram-positive bacteria (20 to 80 nanometers) than in Gram-negative bacteria (7 to 8 nanometers), with the attachment of the S-layer. Peptidoglycan forms around 90% of the dry weight of Gram-positive bacteria but only 10% of Gram-negative strains.

neg: Cell Walls of Prokaryotes Gram-positive Cells. In Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan makes up most (as much as 90%) of the thick cell wall. of the peptidoglycan molecule is composed of two derivatives of the sugar glucose: NAG & NAM. Strands of NAG (N-acetylglucosamine) and NAM (N-acetylmuramic acid) are connected by interpeptide bridges.

neg: Penicillin-binding Proteins The penicillin-binding proteins, like the one shown on the left (PDB entry 3pte ), use a serine amino acid in their reaction, colored purple here. The serine forms a covalent bond with a peptidoglycan chain, then releases it as it forms the crosslink with another part of the peptidoglycan network. Penicillin binds to this serine but does not release it, thus permanently blocking the active site. Beta-lactamases, like the one shown on the right (PDB entry 4blm ), have a similar serine in their active site pocket. Penicillin also binds to this serine, but is then released in an inactivated form.

neg: - Peptidyl transferase is an integral part of the large subunit of ribosomes and catalyzes peptide-bond formation in the elongation step of translation during protein biosynthesis. Peptide-bond formation involves an acyl group O-to-N migration and converts an ester to an amide.

neg: - UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-alpha-D-glucose and glycogenin, whereas its two products are UDP and alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin.

neg: Why do prokaryotes have peptidoglycan cell walls? The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria lies beyond the cell membrane and is largely made up of pepidoglycan. There may be up to 40 layers of this polymer, conferring enormous mechanical strength on the cell wall.he rigidity that peptidoglycan (also called murein) gives the cell wall also helps with maintaining the cell's pressure and shape, because it prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and ballooning in size, which would cause a rupture. Get thee to a nunnery!

neg: Bacterial cell structure Gram-positive cell walls are thick and the peptidoglycan (also known as murein) layer constitutes almost 95% of the cell wall in some gram-positive bacteria and as little as 5-10% of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. The gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet dye and are stained purple.

neg: More About Enzymes Lactase (a member of the beta-galactosidase group of enzymes) splits milk sugar (lactose) into the two simple sugars glucose and galactose. Found exclusively in mammalian milk, lactose is only one sixth as sweet as cane or beet sugar (sucrose).

neg: Gram-positive bacteria In gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer (in gram-negative bacteria, the S-layer is attached directly to the outer membrane). Specific to gram-positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell wall. Some of these are lipoteichoic acids, which have a lipid component in the cell membrane that can assist in anchoring the peptidoglycan.

neg: Bacterial Cell Structure In Gram+ cells, these are polymers of negatively charged sugars. Lipoteichoic Acids have a lipid anchor. Both are anchored to different parts of the cell envelope. The serve in autolysis protection and give strength to the Peptidoglycan Layer.

neg: Lysosomes and Autophagy - Hydrolytic enzymes inside the lysosome 1. golgi recognizes sequence in proteins 2. marks them with an oligosaccharide tag (mannose-6-phosphate, M6P) 3. recognized by M6P receptor 4. protein delivered to lysosome NOTE: M6P receptors can catch hydrolases that escaped and deliver to lysosome

neg: Protein Glycosylation The covalent attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a common post-translational modification that localizes proteins to cell membranes. This special kind of glycosylation is widely detected on surface glycoproteins in eukaryotes and some archae (22).

neg: - Starches like amylose and amylopectin link only alpha-type glucose molecules together. With cellulose, it is the beta molecules that link together. The glycosidic bonds in cellulose have a different orientation from those in starch.

neg: - (In Gram positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan sits on top of the cell membrane, which is also called the inner membrane in Gram negative bacteria, and so is reached by the stain, staining the cells deep purple.) Bacteria have other optional layers in the cell envelope.

neg: - Gram-positive bacteria, with no membrane outside the peptidoclycan cell wall, are more susceptible to these antibiotics. Cell walls without intact peptidoglycan cross-links are structurally weak, and disintegrate when cells divide. This is how penicillins and cephalosporins work to disable bacteria.

neg: - Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the gram-positive cocci in chains overlap. The cell walls of streptococcal cells has some interesting features. The high content of peptidoglycan (murein layer) of carbohydrate (C polysaccharide) gives the cells a very strong structure.The C-polysaccharide antigen is effective.treptococcus pyogenes is one of the gram-positive cocci in chains overlap. The cell walls of streptococcal cells has some interesting features. The high content of peptidoglycan (murein layer) of carbohydrate (C polysaccharide) gives the cells a very strong structure.

neg: Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes 1 These drugs cripple many species of bacteria, without affecting human and other eukaryote cells that do not synthesize peptidoglycans. 2  Many prokaryotes secrete another sticky protective layer of polysaccharide or protein, the capsule, outside the cell wall. 3  Capsules allow cells to adhere to their substratum.

neg: - Some use an existing proton electrochemical gradient. For example, the H+/oligopeptide transporter (PepT), found in the small intestine, couples the downhill movement of H+ across the plasma membrane to the uphill transport of dipeptides and tripeptides into the cell against a concentration gradient.

neg: pGLOâ¢ Plasmid Map and Resources The AraC protein binds to the DNA at the binding site for RNA polymerase (the beginning of the arabinose operon). When arabinose is present in the environment, bacteria take it up. Once inside, the arabinose interacts directly with AraC, which is bound to the DNA.

neg: - Peptidoglycan is composed of amino acids and sugars that form the cell wall of a bacteria. Some of the properties of the cell wall include proving shape to the bacteria, preve … nting osmotic lysis, offer rigidity to the organism

neg: - Gram-positive bacteria from the stabilized protoplasts. When sections of in. tact bacteria are compared with those of protoplasts prepared by enzymic. dissolution of the cell wall in the presence of an osmotic stabilizer, the differ. ence between wall and membrane structure is clearly established (25, 27, 30).

neg: - Peptidoglycan (pep-tid-o-gly-can) is a molecule found only in the cell walls of bacteria. Its rigid structure gives the bacterial cell shape, surrounds the plasma membrane and provides. prokaryotes with protection from the environment. Article Summary: Amount and location of the peptidoglycan molecule in the prokaryotic cell wall determines whether a bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram-negative.

neg: Enterocyte Fructose, on the other hand, crosses the apical membrane of the enterocyte, using GLUT5. It is thought to cross into the blood capillary using one of the other GLUT transporters. Peptide and amino acid uptake. Peptidases in the glycocalyx cleave proteins to amino acids or small peptides.