query: what does the cerebellum do in the brain

pos: - The cerebellum (Latin for little brain) is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control.It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established.he name cerebellum is a diminutive of cerebrum (brain); it can be translated literally as little brain. The Latin name is a direct translation of the Ancient Greek παρεγκεφαλίς (parencephalis), which was used in the works of Aristotle, the first known writer to describe the structure.

neg: - At the rear of the brain is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is similar to the cerebrum in that each has hemispheres that control the opposite side of the body and are covered by gray matter and surface folds. The vermis, which is a central constricted area, connects the hemispheres. The cerebellum is concerned with the automatic regulation of movement and posture, and the learning of new motor patterns. The cerebellum basically coordinates body movement and is located at the back of the brain beneath the occipital lobes.

neg: Cerebellum The cerebellum (Latin for little brain) is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing.

neg: What Does the Cerebrum Do? The cerebrum plays a role in many of the body's major functions, including determining personality and intelligence, understanding and producing language, interpreting sensory input, organizing, planning and overseeing motor functions.

neg: - The cerebellum is a vital part of the brain and is primarily responsible for motor control. This includes muscle tone, equilibrium, and balance as it relates to movement. Additionally, it seems the cerebellum may actually have other additional functions, including some cognitive and emotional functions.t is in the proximity of the visual cortex of the cerebrum and is superior to (above) the pons and brain stem. This region is known as the rhombencephalon, or the hindbrain. The cerebellum is divided into two basic segments: anterior lobe and posterior lobe.

neg: Cerebellum The cerebellum controls such functions as subconscious skeletal muscle movements, balance, posture, coordination, and muscle tone. Conditions that can afflict the cerebellum include shrinkage of the cerebellum, changes with aging, genetic disorders, tumors, stroke, toxin exposure, trauma, birth defects, and infection. The following organs are closely related to the organ: Cerebellum: Brain stem.

neg: Cerebellum Location and Primary Function Cerebellum Location and Primary Function. The Cerebellum is one of the most important parts of the brain. It is located at the rear end of the brain under the cerebral hemisphere. It is differentiated from the Cerebrum from its folded lines accordion structure. It is also attached to the brains stem with the help of pons.

neg: Atom 1 The surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex. 2  Different parts of the cerebrum deal with different parts of the body. 3  The back part deals with vision while other parts deal with other functions like movement, hearing, language, and touch.he Human Brain. 1  Cerebrum-The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain. 2  Cerebellum-At the back and bottom of the brain is the cerebellum. 3  Brain Stem or Medulla-This is where the brain connects to the spinal cord.

neg: Cerebrum The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.In humans, the cerebrum is the superior-most region of the central nervous system.he cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In humans, the cerebrum is the superior-most region of the central nervous system.

neg: Introduction to Psychology âPSY101 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? The cerebellum is located behind the brain stem. While the frontal lobe controls movement, the cerebellum “fine-tunes” movement. This area of the brain controls fine motor movement, balance, and the brain’s ability to determine limb position.

neg: A Tour of the Brain The cerebellum is a cauliflower-shaped structure, located just above the brain stem, beneath the occipital lobes at the base of the skull. The cerebellum regulates muscle tone, coordinates movement and helps maintain posture and balance.he midbrain — the uppermost part — has fibers that connect the brain stem to the cerebrum and cerebellum; this area is very important in the control of skeletal movements. The pons, which lies between the midbrain and medulla oblongata, relays sensory information between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

neg: - The cerebrum[help 1] is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex, as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, bec

neg: - The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls motor movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone. The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls motor movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone.

neg: Cerebellum The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

neg: - The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In humans, the cerebrum is the superior-most region of the central nervous system.he cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of gray matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb.

neg: Brain Anatomy and Function The cerebellum, “little brain”, is the second largest region of the brain. It is located behind and below the cerebrum and at the back of the brain stem and attached to the midbrain. It has two hemispheres and an outer cortex of gray matter and an inner core of white matter.he cerebellum, “little brain”, is the second largest region of the brain. It is located behind and below the cerebrum and at the back of the brain stem and attached to the midbrain. It has two hemispheres and an outer cortex of gray matter and an inner core of white matter.

neg: Cerebellum Function Cerebellum Function. The Cerebellum, also known as ‘little brain’, lies at the back side of the brain around the brain stem. The cerebellum is responsible for the control of the skeleton muscular system. It receives responses from various parts of the brain and directly handles visual and auditory functions.erebellum Function. The Cerebellum, also known as ‘little brain’, lies at the back side of the brain around the brain stem. The cerebellum is responsible for the control of the skeleton muscular system. It receives responses from various parts of the brain and directly handles visual and auditory functions.

neg: Original Xbox Games For Sale Original Xbox Games Original Xbox Games For Sale Buy original Microsoft Xbox games and used video games from the first Microsoft gaming platform at low, cheap prices. Free warranty with Fast, Free shipping on orders over $25. Refine by

neg: Difference between Cerebrum and Cerebellum 5. It maintains posture and equilibrium. The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemisphere joined by a curved thick band of nerve fibres, called corpus callosum. The outer layer of the cerebrum, known as cerebral cortex, is formed of grey matter and white matter.The cerebellum is similar to cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain, and is located at the back of the skull.t maintains posture and equilibrium. The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemisphere joined by a curved thick band of nerve fibres, called corpus callosum. The outer layer of the cerebrum, known as cerebral cortex, is formed of grey matter and white matter.

neg: - Cereberum,Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata.   The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain,  associated with higher brain function such as thought and ac … tion.   Cerebellum is associated with regulation and coordination of  movement, posture, and balance.

neg: What part of the brain controls balance and coordination? The cerebellum is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It’s a lot smaller than the cerebrum, but a very important part of the brain. The cerebellum controls your balance, movement, and coordination. Because of your cerebellum, you can stand upright, and your muscles coordinate for you to move around.

neg: What is the brain made of and? The Cerebellum: The cerebellum, or little brain, is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.he hindbrain is made of the cerebellum, pons and medulla. Often the midbrain, pons, and medulla are referred to together as the brainstem. The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.

neg: Cerebellum The cerebellum is located at the bottom of the brain, with the large mass of the cerebral cortex above it and the portion of the brainstem called the pons in front of it.

neg: Cerebellum: Definition & Function What Is the Cerebellum? Your brain is one of the most complex and powerful organs in your body. It works as the computer mainframe, controlling the activities of all the other systems in the body. Due to its complexity in the human body, the human brain has developed compartments to specialize in particular functions.

neg: Anatomy of the Brain: Cerebellum Function By Regina Bailey. Cerebellum: In Latin, the word cerebellum means little brain. The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls motor movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone.Like the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum is comprised of white matter and a thin, outer layer of densely folded gray matter.y Regina Bailey. Cerebellum: In Latin, the word cerebellum means little brain. The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls motor movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone.

neg: Anatomy of the Brain The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement. The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum.he cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement. The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum.


query: what is the measure of economic welfare quizlet

pos: GDP per capita and its challengers as measures of happiness The underlying basis of criticism of GDP as a measure of welfare is the divergence between the critic's values and market values. The critics make an implicit assumption, or, quite possibly, a conscious presumption, that the former values are superior, if not far superior, to those of the latter.

neg: Measures of national income and output A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion).n order to count a good or service, it is necessary to assign value to it. The value that the measures of national income and output assign to a good or service is its market value – the price it fetches when bought or sold.

neg: Gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the size of an economy. G (government spending) is the sum of government expenditures on final goods and services. 2  It includes salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military and any investment expenditure by a government.

neg: - Gross Domestic Product(GDP) Economic growth is measured in terms of an increase in the size of a nation's economy. A broad measure of an economy's size is its output.The most widely-used measure of economic output is the Gross Domestic Product (abbreviated GDP).GDP generally is defined as the market value of the goods and services produced by a country.DP versus GNP. GDP measures the output of goods and services within the borders of the country. Gross National Product (GNP) measures the output of a nation's factors of production, regardless of whether the factors are located within the country's borders.

neg: History of social work William Beveridge. The 1942 report on Social Insurance and Allied Services, known commonly as the Beveridge Report, was an influential document in the founding of the welfare state in the United Kingdom, published in December 1942.t was chaired by William Beveridge, an economist, who identified five Giant Evils in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease, and went on to propose widespread reform to the system of social welfare to address these.

neg: - The GDP measures a nation's total economic activity in terms of the goods and services produced. You'll need that number to calculate productivity based on GDP. Fortunately, the GDP is a figure that's already calculated for you and delivered by one of the country's agencies.

neg: Country Case Studies and Links The German social and economic model, including the Welfare System, is what we call corporatist, which is defined typically by interest group cooperation rather than competition as in the pluralist Anglo-American systems.

neg: - GDP measures the value of production, which also equals. total expenditure on final goods and total income. The equality of income and output shows the link between. productivity and living standards. The circular flow diagram in Figure 5.1 illustrates the. equality of income, expenditure, and the value of. production.

neg: - The most important measure of economic activity in a country, the Gross Domestic Product is the crossing point of three sides of the economy: expenditure, output, and income. As a measure of well-being of a country for international and temporal comparisons, it provides a good first approximation.

neg: - Two approaches of calculating GDP: What is spent on a product is the income to those who helped to produce and sell it. GDP can be measured either from the expenditure approach or the income approach. 1. Expenditure approach. The economy is divided into four sectors: household, business, government, and foreign sector. C: Consumption is the expenditures of the household sector. It includes spending on 1) durable goods which last for more than one year, 2) non-durable goods, and 3) services.

neg: What Is the Definition of Social Welfare Policy? What is the definition of social welfare policy? The definition of a social welfare policy is social services provided by a government for its citizens. Examples of social welfare in the United States include Medicare, Medicaid, temporary assistance for needy families, food benefits and section 8 housing assistance.

neg: - Gross Domestic Product(GDP) Economic growth is measured in terms of an increase in the size of a nation's economy. A broad measure of an economy's size is its output. The most widely-used measure of economic output is the Gross Domestic Product (abbreviated GDP).

neg: Belize: Government Index of Economic Freedom Grades each country on a scale of 0 to 100, based on ten freedoms, with 100 representing the greatest amount of economic autonomy from government intervention. Source: Heritage Foundation (2017) Country Risk Rating

neg: GDP deflator Key Points. The GDP deflator is a measure of price inflation. It is calculated by dividing Nominal GDP by Real GDP and then multiplying by 100. (Based on the formula). Nominal GDP is the market value of goods and services produced in an economy, unadjusted for inflation.

neg: - In society every social being has some economic needs and these needs are evaluated by economics .Economics is science of wealth, which is possible in context of society. Marshall says economics is study of economic activities which are related to human welfare. The following points are showing their relationship .

neg: Measuring the Economy 1 The Gross Domestic Product measures the value of economic activity within a country. Strictly defined, GDP is the sum of the market values, or prices, of all final goods and services produced in an economy during a period of time. GDP is a number that expresses the worth of the output of a country in local currency. GDP tries to capture all final goods and services as long as they are produced within the country, thereby assuring that the final monetary value of everything that is created in a country is represented in the GDP.

neg: Indicators of Economic Progress: The Power of Measurement and Human Welfare GPI is an admirable attempt to assess progress on a wide range of indicators related to human welfare and quality of life. Its main advantage is that, like GDP, it is a currency denominated index and bases itself on GDP consumption data.

neg: - Ch 13 measuring_the_economys_performance. 1  1. Economics Chapter 13. 2  2. Learning Goals Describe the four categories of economic activity that are used to measure GDP Identify the differences between national, personal and disposable income.

neg: What is Welfare State? Welfare encompasses those government programs that provide benefits and economic assistance to no or low income Americans. It can also be defined as financial assistance to impoverished Americans which is supplied through the taxes paid by the working class.elfare encompasses those government programs that provide benefits and economic assistance to no or low income Americans. It can also be defined as financial assistance to impoverished Americans which is supplied through the taxes paid by the working class.

neg: Ch 13 measuring_the_economys_performance 4. National Income Accounting The measurement of the national economy’s performance.  A measure of the amount of goods and services produced yearly by the nation and the amount of income people have to spend. 5.  Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  The broadest measure of the economy’s size.

neg: Talus Talus. (tā`ləs) , deposit of rock fragments detached from cliffs or mountain slopes by weathering weathering,collective term for the processes by which rock at or near the earth's surface is disintegrated and decomposed by the action of atmospheric agents, water, and living things.

neg: - The economic health of a country is most often determined by their labor productivity. Labor productivity is a per-hour measurement of GDP (gross domestic product) produced on a per-worker basis. In layman's terms, it is the value of the work a worker completes in an average hour.

neg: Measuring Poverty in the United States The U.S. government measures poverty by a narrow income standard that does not include other aspects of economic status, such as material hardship (for example, living in substandard housing) or debt, nor does it consider financial assets (including savings or property).

neg: - Unformatted text preview: Chapter 7 1. Welfare economics is the study of how a. the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. b. a price ceiling compares to a price floor. c. the government helps poor people. d. a consumer’s optimal choice affects her demand curve. 2. Welfare economics is the study of a. taxes and subsidies. b. how technology is best put to use in the production of goods and services. c. government welfare programs for needy people. d. how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. 3. Welfare economics is the study of a. the well-being of less fortunate people. b. welfare programs in the United States. c. how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. d. the effect of income redistribution on work effort. 4. The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being is called a. consumer economics. b.

neg: Erik Thorbecke Erik Thorbecke is the H.E. Babcock Professor of Economics Emeritus and Graduate School and International Professor at Cornell University and one of the creators of the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) metric for measuring poverty.A Full Vitae can be found here.he Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measure (Econometrica, 1984) that he developed (with James Foster and Joel Greer) has been adopted as the standard poverty measure by the World Bank and many UN agencies and is widely used by researchers doing empirical work on poverty.

neg: - GDP - Gross Domestic Product GDP is a measure of the wealth of a country. It is worked out by dividing the total of the money by what a country gains from the production of go…ods and services by it's population. GDP is measured in US Dollars - $. 21 people found this useful.


query: are roth ira contributions and traditional ira contribution limits combined?

neg: Can You Have a 401k and an IRA at the Same Time? Traditional IRA contributions do not have income limits, but the income limits for a Roth IRA phases out for single filers between $116,000 to $131,000 ($183,000 to $193,000 for married) for 2015, unless you use a Backdoor Roth IRA.

neg: - For example, in 2015, the total amount you can contribute to both a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA combined cannot exceed $5,500 ($6,500 if age 50 or older).

neg: Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA) 101 IRA contribution limit for 2017. The limits for Roth IRA and traditional IRA contributions didn’t change between 2016 and 2017. The current combined annual limit is: Under age 50: $5,500. Age 50 or older: $6,500.

neg: - 1 Contribution rates phase out beginning at a MAGI above $116,001, and end at $131,000 (up from $114,000, and $129,000, respectively in 2014). 2  Married Filing Jointly can make maximum Roth IRA contributions for an income of $183,000 or less.he Traditional and Roth IRA contribution limits are $5,500 for those under age 50. Persons age 50 and over can make additional catch up contributions of $1,000, for a total contribution limit of $6,500.

neg: When A Roth 401 (k) Trumps A Traditional 401 (k) In other words, contributions to a Roth 401(k) are not tax deductible, unlike contributions to a traditional 401(k). Distributions from a Roth 401(k) are not taxable, unlike the distributions from a traditional 401(k). The combined contribution limit is $17,500.

neg: - Source: IRS Publication 590. You may contribute to both a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA in the same year. However, the total of your contributions in 2015 to a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA may not exceed $5,500 if you are under 50 years old and $6,500 if you are age 50 or older. Also, your contribution limit to a traditional IRA will be reduced by the contributions made to a Roth IRA.

neg: 2018 Traditional and Roth IRA Contribution Limits 2017 Traditional IRA Deduction Income Limits. 1  Single or Head of Household can deduct the full amount of their contribution their MAGI is $62,000 or less. Deduction rates phase out beginning at a MAGI above $62,001, and end at $72,000 (up from $61,000, and $71,000, respectively in 2016).

neg: Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Contribution Limits Under the present law, Traditional IRA and Roth IRA contribution limits are set to increase with the inflation rate in $500 increments. This is the reason the contribution limit doesn't increase in some years; inflation wasn't high enough to trigger the next increment so it remained steady.

neg: Can you contribute to both an IRA and a 403b in the same year? Yes. An individual may make IRA contributions to both a Roth and a Traditional IRA, providing the combined contribution total does not exceed the contribution limit for the year.n individual may make IRA contributions to both a Roth and a Traditional IRA, providing the combined contribution total does not exceed the contribution limit for the year.

neg: - The maximum annual contribution to a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA is $5,500 in2014. The IRA contribution limits are indexed for in $500 increments.inflation However, when the applicable measure of inflation does not increase beyond the statutory threshold maximum, theannual contribution does not change.

neg: 2018 Traditional and Roth IRA Contribution Limits The Traditional and Roth IRA contribution limits are $5,500 for those under age 50. Persons age 50 and over can make additional catch up contributions of $1,000, for a total contribution limit of $6,500.You can have both a Roth IRA and a Traditional IRA in the same tax year, but you can’t exceed the contribution limit with your combined contributions to both accounts.oth IRA phase out. Like the Traditional IRA, the IRS has phase out rules for Roth IRA contributions. Tax filers will be able to contribute the maximum amount to their IRA if they don’t exceed certain income limits.

neg: - The annual contribution limit for both a Traditional IRA and Roth IRA combined is $5,500 for 2017 and 2018, or $6,500 if you’re age 50 or older. The amount you can contribute to your Roth IRA may be limited based on your filing status and income. See Individual Retirement Account Contribution Limits for more details.

neg: 7 Things You MUST Know About the Roth IRA Rules for 2018 Although contribution limits stayed the same, other information released in the 2017 Roth IRA rules show some changes. For example, the AGI phase-out range for tax payers making contributions to their Roth's is now between $184,000 and $194,000 for couples who file jointly.

neg: Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Contribution Limits Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Contribution Limits. As you research these limits, you will most likely notice that Traditional IRA contribution limits and Roth IRA contribution limits are written into the U.S. tax code in a way that they are always identical.

neg: - IRA contribution limits for 2016 and 2017. The annual limits for Roth IRA and traditional IRA contributions didn’t change between 2016 and 2017. If you have both a Roth and a traditional IRA, your total contributions must not exceed your limit.

neg: Can You Have a 401 (k) and an IRA? You can contribute to a traditional or Roth IRA whether or not you participate in another retirement plan through your employer or business. However, you might not be able to deduct all of your traditional IRA contributions if you or your spouse participates in another retirement plan at work.he 2015 contribution limit for a 401(k) is $18,000; $24,000 if you’re 50 and over. Then you can also deposit up to $5,500 in a Roth or traditional IRA for 2015 ($6,500 if you’re 50 and up). That’s the combined limit for both types of IRAs, by the way.

neg: - 1 Be aware that you may contribute to a Roth IRA and a SEP, SIMPLE, and/or Education IRA at the same time. 2  The annual contribution limit on IRAs is only applicable to the combination of traditional and Roth IRAs.

neg: Roth vs. traditional IRAs: A comparison The amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA: 1  Can't exceed the amount of income you earned that year. 2  Can't exceed the IRS-imposed limits (see below).  Could be reduced—or even eliminated—based on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI).

neg: Rules For The Traditional And Roth IRA Contributions However, to figure the maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA for a year, you must combine the contributions you made to all IRAs. This includes both traditional and Roth IRAs. So, your contribution limit is the lesser of: Your maximum allowable contribution minus all IRA contributions for the year.

neg: Individual retirement account 1 This limit applies to the total annual contributions to both Roth IRAs and traditional IRAs. 2  For example, a person aged 45 who put $3,500 into a traditional IRA this year so far, can either put $2,000 more into this traditional IRA, or $2,000 in a Roth IRA, or some combination of that. The amount of the Traditional IRA contributions that can be deducted is partially reduced for levels of income beyond a threshold, and eliminated entirely beyond another threshold, if the contributor or the contributor's spouse is covered by an employer-based retirement plan.

neg: Traditional IRA and Roth IRA Contribution Limits That is, if you put $2,000 into a Traditional IRA, you couldn't put more than $3,500 into a Roth IRA that year. Under the present law, Traditional IRA and Roth IRA contribution limits are set to increase with the inflation rate in $500 increments.

neg: Traditional IRA versus Roth IRA Can I Have a Roth IRA and/or Traditional IRA Plus a Retirement Account at Work? Yes. In addition to funding a Roth IRA or Traditional IRA each year, you can also fund a Traditional 401(k), a Roth 401(k), a Solo 401(k), a 403(b), SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, or other qualified plan. These often have other advantages of their own, including unlimited bankruptcy protection on top of the bankruptcy protection offered on the IRAs discussed in this article.

neg: The Ultimate Guide to Roth and Traditional 401 (k) and IRA Retirement Accounts If you contribute to multiple 401(k)s, whether traditional, Roth, or both, your total contributions cannot exceed $17,500 (2013 and 2014) and 50+ catch-up of $5,500 (2013 and 2014). In addition, restrictions apply to early withdrawals from Roth 401(k) plans.

neg: What Happens If You Over Contribute to Your IRA? Combined IRA, Roth Excess. Your combined contribution to a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA determines whether you reach the annual contribution limit. If your overall contribution limit is $5,000, and you put $2,000 in a traditional IRA and $4,000 in a Roth IRA, you've contributed $1,000 too much.The IRS does not allow you to choose which contribution to fix.Contributions first are applied to traditional IRAs, so the excess must be withdrawn from the Roth IRA.f your overall contribution limit is $5,000, and you put $2,000 in a traditional IRA and $4,000 in a Roth IRA, you've contributed $1,000 too much.

neg: Roth IRA Roth IRAs have a higher effective contribution limit than traditional IRAs, since the nominal contribution limit is the same for both traditional and Roth IRAs, but the post-tax contribution in a Roth IRA is equivalent to a larger pre-tax contribution in a traditional IRA that will be taxed upon withdrawal.


query: when did california become state

pos: - The statehood of California was proclaimed in 1850 on the 9th September. Prior to 19th century many countries such as England and Russia established colonies in cali. The gove…rnance of Spanish started in 1697 and lasted till 1821. The independence of Mexico from Spain led to the end of Spanish era in the area.

neg: - History of California before 1900. Human history in California begins with indigenous Americans first arriving in California some 13,000–15,000 years ago. Exploration and settlement by Europeans along the coasts and in the inland valleys began in the 16th century.

neg: Miranda Lambert Is Dating Singer Anderson East: Get the Details on Her New Boyfriend Miranda Lambert and Anderson East Lloyd Bishop/NBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images; Paul Morigi/WireImage Miranda Lambert will ring in 2016 with a kiss after all. The country singer, who split from husband Blake Shelton in July, has been dating Americana/R&B musician Anderson East for about a month.

neg: Governor of California The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state. The current governor is Jerry Brown, a Democrat who was inaugurated January 3, 2011, and who had previously served as governor from 1975 to 1983. In October 2013, Jerry Brown surpassed Earl Warren for the longest cumulative period of time served as governor.

neg: California Under California law, the terms city and town are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be City of (Name) or Town of (Name). Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850. San Jose, San Diego and Benicia tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850. Jurupa Valley became the state's most recent and 482nd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2011.

neg: California State University, Fresno It became Fresno State College in 1949, when it was authorized to grant bachelor's degrees. It became a charter institution of the California State University System in 1961. In 1972 the name was officially changed to California State University, Fresno.

neg: California That short-lived California Republic was soon merged into the expanding United States of America, as Mexico lost the war and eventually sold California and other territories to the U.S. With the discovery of gold in late 1848 in the Sierra Nevada foothills-just east of Sacramento-the California Gold Rush began.

neg: California California became a U.S. territory in 1847 when Mexico surrendered it to John C. Frémont. On Jan. 24, 1848, James W. Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Mill, starting the California Gold Rush and bringing settlers to the state in large numbers. Death Valley, is 282 ft below sea level, the lowest point in the nation.

neg: History of California The map is color–coded to show the Free States (including California, admitted to the Union as a Free State in 1850), the Slave States, and the territories that were open to slavery by the Compromise of 1850.

neg: - This is the first time California has not gained at least one electoral vote in a reapportionment. California, which rapidly gained population during the Gold Rush of 1848, joined the union in September, 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850.his is the first time California has not gained at least one electoral vote in a reapportionment. California, which rapidly gained population during the Gold Rush of 1848, joined the union in September, 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850.

neg: - San Jose became the first Capital of the State of California and the first California Legislature convened there on December 15, 1849. A referendum was sent to the people, to determine where to permanently locate the Capital. Vallejo, San Jose and Monterey vied for the honor, and Vallejo initially won.

neg: Vermont A+E Networks. Though it had only been a part of the United States for less than two years, California becomes the 31st state in the union (without ever even having been a territory) on this day in 1850.

neg: Slavery in the United States This is the first time California has not gained at least one electoral vote in a reapportionment. California, which rapidly gained population during the Gold Rush of 1848, joined the union in September, 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850. With the exception of 1920 (when Congress failed to pass a reapportionment act) and 2010, the state has gained electoral votes from every census since its founding. In 1972, California reached 45 electoral votes, passing New York for most in the country.

neg: - In 1992, the Chickasaw Nation repurchased the Capitol from Johnston County. The Chickasaw National Capitol Building is no longer used for government business, and the first and second floors of the Capitol now house exhibit space.

neg: Nevada Statehood The first push to make Nevada Territory a state originated from within the territory, without prior authorization from Congress. On September 2, 1863 the voters of the territory approved of the concept of statehood by the overwhelming margin of 6,660 votes to only 1,502. To implement this, on November 2, 1863, thirty-nine delegates met to draft a state constitution. Since the great majority of the delegates had come to Nevada by way of California, they used the California state constitution as a first draft in formulating their own document.

neg: Sacramento, California Under Spanish rule, the capital of California had been Monterey, where the first Const … itutional Convention and state elections were held in 1849. After 1850, when California's statehood was ratified, the legislature met in San Jose, Vallejo, and Benicia.

neg: California's Role in the Civil War The Issue of Slavery in California. Though slavery is not often associated with California, slavery was a defining issue in the state’s early years under American control. After the Bear Flag Revolt in 1846, the United States took control of California from Mexico and ruled under American military governors.

neg: - The California Republic declared its independence from Mexico in 1846. The California Republic existed in what is now known as the state of California during the Mexican-American War.

neg: How did California become a state? In February of 1848, Mexico and the United States signed a treaty which ended the Mexican War and yielded a vast portion of the Southwest, including present day California, to the United States.

neg: Part II. California California After the Gold Rush. By 1852 California, having voted against slavery, was a state, and the California gold rush was over.

neg: When Did Nevada Become a State? When did Nevada become a state? Based on the records of the national government, Nevada was officially recognized as a U.S. state on the 31st day of October in 1864.The statehood happened eight days before the reelection of President Abraham Lincoln.ased on the records of the national government, Nevada was officially recognized as a U.S. state on the 31st day of October in 1864. The statehood happened eight days before the reelection of President Abraham Lincoln.

neg: - Map of California. Although California was sighted by Spanish navigator Juan Rodriguez Rodríguez cabrillo in, 1542 its First spanish (mission At San) diego was not established until. 1769 california became A.U. s territory in 1847 When mexico surrendered it To John. C. fremont frémont

neg: - California designated gold as the official state mineral in 1965. The gold rush that followed the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in 1848 is an integral part of the history and culture of California.

neg: January 1995 In 1994, California's population reached 32 million, representing 12.6 percent of the nation. By comparison, California had a population of 21 million in 1974, or 9.9 percent of the nation. Thus, over the past 20 years, California's population has grown by 11 million people, or over 50 percent.

neg: - The California Republic was a short-lived, unrecognized state that, for a few weeks in 1846, militarily controlled the area to the north of the San Francisco Bay in the present-day state of California. In June 1846, a number of American immigrants in Alta California rebelled against the Mexican department’s government.

neg: Compromise of 1850 They were signed by Fillmore between September 9 and September 20, 1850. 1  California was admitted as a free state. 2  The slave trade was abolished (the sale of slaves, not the institution of slavery) in the District of Columbia. 3  The Territory of Utah was organized under the rule of popular sovereignty.


query: side effects of meloxicam tablets

pos: Mobic Mobic (meloxicam) is used to treat pain or inflammation caused by arthritis. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This medication is available in generic form. Common side effects of Mobic include stomach upset, nausea, drowsiness, or diarrhea.

pos: - Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis), such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain.

neg: Side Effects of Meloxicam Based on these studies, the most common side effects of meloxicam that occurred more often in those taking meloxicam included: 1  Heartburn or indigestion (dyspepsia) -- up to 9.5 percent. 2  Upper respiratory infections, including the common cold and flu -- up to 8.3 percent.  Diarrhea -- up to 7.8 percent.

neg: Meloxicam Meloxicam is a type of medicine called a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Meloxicam works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Meloxicam is used to relieve inflammation and pain in the joints in various arthritic conditions.

neg: Meloxicam 7.5mg Tablets - Generic Mobic A: All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor side effects. The most common side effects of Levaquin (levofloxacin) are: constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, gas, headache, lightheadedness, nausea, stomach pain.

neg: meloxicam Meloxicam was approved for use in April 2000. PRESCRIBED FOR: Meloxicam is used to treat tenderness, swelling, and pain caused by the inflammation of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in patients 2 years of age or older.SIDE EFFECTS: Common side effects with NSAIDs are related to the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and include:RAND NAME: Mobic. DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Meloxicam is in a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are used to treat pain and/or inflammation. Other members of this class include ibuprofen (Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), nabumetone (Relafen) and several others.

neg: Benicar Last reviewed on RxList 9/28/2016. Benicar (olmesartan medoxomil) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to reduce and control hypertension (high blood pressure). Generic Benicar is available outside of the U.S. Common side effects of Benicar include: dizziness, lightheadedness, bronchitis, back pain, joint or muscle pain, stomach pain,

neg: - I was diagnosed with lumbar spondylilothitheses, and osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. I was having so much pain in my right thigh bone, and lower back area. After one week of taking meloxicam, the pain eased up and and went away. I cannot function without meloxicam. Taking this medicine is saving my life.

neg: Meloxicam 15mg Tablets Get medical help right away if you develop any of the following symptoms: skin rash / blisters /peeling, itching, or swelling. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details. This drug has rarely caused very serious blood disorders (aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis). Your doctor will monitor your blood counts to minimize the chance of these side effects. Keep all medical and laboratory appointments. Tell your doctor right away if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: signs of infection (such as fever, persistent sore throat), unusual weakness / tiredness, shortness of breath, or easy bleeding/bruising.

neg: Meloxicam Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and fever reducer effects. It is a derivative of oxicam, closely related to piroxicam, and falls in the enolic acid group of NSAIDs. It was developed by Boehringer-Ingelheim. Meloxicam starts to relieve pain about 30–60 minutes after administration.

neg: Meloxicam: Oral tablet (15mg) meloxicam. MELOXICAM is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to reduce swelling and to treat pain. It may be used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

neg: - Meloxicam (Mobic ®) is a prescription medicine used to treat pain, inflammation, swelling, and/or stiffness. It is part of a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs for short.

neg: Meloxicam Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and fever reducer effects. It is an oxicam closely related to piroxicam, and falls in the enolic acid group of NSAIDs. It was developed by Boehringer-Ingelheim. Meloxicam starts to relieve pain about 30–60 minutes after administration.

neg: Meloxicam (By mouth) Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis), such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain.eloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis), such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain.

neg: 14 Side Effects of Amoxicillin There are 14 known side effects for amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox), including: 1  allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. 2  breathing problems. 3  dark urine. 4  redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth.

neg: 24 results for Nelson Gary On Whitepages you can lookup phone numbers, find mobile numbers, do an address search and get a background report and public records for the 120 results for Nelson Gary and more. Every second, Whitepages helps 19 people find friends, know who is calling and get critical background information to help keep their family safe.

neg: Mobic Call your doctor at once if you have symptoms of stomach bleeding such as black, bloody, or tarry stools, or coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of stomach bleeding. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cold, allergy, or pain medicine. Medicines similar to meloxicam are contained in many combination medicines.

neg: - 1 Meloxicam is an oral medication used to treat pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 2 To help prevent side effects, take the lowest dose of meloxicam for the shortest time. 3 Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea.

neg: What Is Meloxicam (Mobic)? Because of the increased risk of side effects in cats, meloxicam has limited use in cats and is generally only prescribed as a single dose. Side effects can include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, and stomach ulcers.

neg: Amoxicillin Amoxil may be combined with other agents (for example, clavulanic acid [Augmentin],) to make the antibiotic more effective. Common side effects of Amoxil include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, vaginal itching or discharge, headache, rash, and swollen, black, or hairy tongue.

neg: Meloxicam (Mobic) Side Effects & Complications High Blood Pressure. A little appreciated complication of meloxicam (as well as most other NSAIDs) is hypertension. For some, there may be only a little increase in blood pressure. For others, like Dee or I.H., the increase can be significant.

neg: Feldene Stop using meloxicam and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as: 1  chest pain, weakness, shortness of breath, slurred speech, problems with vision or balance;  black, bloody, or tarry stools;

neg: Meloxicam 7.5mg Tablets - Generic Mobic Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It may cause an increased risk of serious and sometimes fatal heart and blood vessel problems (eg, heart attack, stroke). The risk may be greater if you already have heart problems or if you take Meloxicam for a long time. Do not use Meloxicam right before or after bypass heart surgery.

neg: What Is Meloxicam Used For? Meloxicam is used for treating symptoms related to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, among other conditions. By blocking the effects of certain hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body, the medicine can help alleviate pain, inflammation, and joint swelling.

neg: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID Highlights for meloxicam. Oral tablet. 1 Meloxicam is an oral medication used to treat pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 2 To help prevent side effects, take the lowest dose of meloxicam for the shortest time. 3 Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. These specific effects may occur more often in children than adults. Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs may increase your risk of stomach problems, increased blood pressure, heart problems, and other conditions.

neg: DIY Evaporator Coil Replacement? I asked him what he would charge to replace the evaporator coil and he hit me with a $1400 quote. Yow! So my brain started thinking, How hard would it be to do it myself?. I've never worked on a home AC unit, but have fixed just about everything else in my house myself.

neg: - Severity: Minor. Some of the side effects that can occur with meloxicam may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects.


query: what keeps an ionic bond held together?

pos: - What keeps an ionic bond held together? A. gravity B. the sharing of electrons C. energy of valence electrons D. attraction between oppositely-charged ions. Answer is :D.attraction between oppositely-charged ions-keeps an ionic bond held together. Expert answered| yumdrea |Points 446|.

neg: Biology Chapter 2 Covalent bonds are bonds between two atoms that SHARE ELECTRONS. Covalent bonds are a little complex. When covalent bonds formed, these things called electron orbitals overlap. Ionic bonds are between two atoms that GIVE UP / TAKE ON one or more electrons. An example would be table salt, or NaCl.

neg: - Ionic Bonds The ionic bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals. Remember that metal atoms lose one or more valence electrons in order to achieve a stable electron arrangement. When a metal atom loses electrons it forms a positive ion or cation. When nonmetals react

neg: In 1 water molecule, what hold the hydrogens and the oxygen together? Answers. 1  Covalent bonds hold the oxygen and hydrogen together in the water like this: oxygen wants to be isoelectrically analogous to (have the same electron configuration as) neon. So, oxygen needs two electrons. Hydrogen wants to be isoelectrically analogous to helium and needs 1 electron.

neg: How do covalent bonds hold atoms together? The attractions between the nuclei and the electrons are stronger than the repulsions between the nuclei themselves. The result is a covalent bond with a shared pair of electrons between the two atoms. In the simple case of two hydrogen atoms, we might represent the process as.

neg: - exists and is an alternate of . - Adhesives, or sticky substances can also hold things together. Thermosetting glues (hot glue) and solvent-based glues (drying glue) strengthen the joint because of the bonds between the particles (like epoxy resins).

neg: What is the force that holds two ions together in an ionic bond? Report Abuse. An Ionic Bond is a chemical bond in which an atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. The resulting ‘IONS’ are held together by the ‘ATTRACTION’ of opposite charges to form Molecules.he bonding energy from the electrostatic attraction of the two oppositely-charged ions has a large enough negative value that the overall bonded state energy is lower than the unbonded state Electron configurations of lithium and fluorine.

neg: Ionic bond Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond , type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom. The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion (anion). A brief treatment of ionic bonds follows.

neg: What Holds the Nucleotides in One Strand of DNA Together? A: Nucleotides are held together by two types of bonds: phosphodiester bonds and hydrogen bonds. Education Portal describes phosphodiester bonds as bonds that link nucleotides into linear chains. According to Cambridge Physics, hydrogen bonds act as a bridge that connects two parallel rows of nucleotides.

neg: Single Covalent Bond: Definition & Examples Single covalent bonds hold much of the world together. When atoms meet in just the right way with just the right needs, they will form a single covalent bond, an arrangement that holds the two atoms together and gives them lower energy than they would have if apart.

neg: - These strong covalent bonds form the the glue that holds the sugar/phosphate backbone together and thus act to keep each strand together. The two strands of DNA are held together by weak hydrogen bonds (remember, something must hold them together!) between the nitrogenous bases.

neg: What holds atoms together in an ionic bond? Making the world better, one answer at a time. The atoms are held together by opposite charges. Since the electrons are given to the main atom, the separate atoms become ions and have a charge. It is this charge that holds it together.

neg: ionic bond i·on·ic bond. A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom. These bonds can form between a pair of atoms or between molecules and are the type of bond found in salts.

neg: - The type of chemical bonds that hold the parts of each nucleotide  together is a hydrogen bond. It connects each nitrogenous base of  nucleotide in DNA and RNA.ovalent bonding holds CuCl2 together. Covalent bonding is a shared electron pairing of electrons from a non-metal and a metal. For the sake of your chemistry professor's sani … ty please memorize the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. In fact just memeorize the periodic table.

neg: - Ionic bonds are then created between ions of opposite charges that are attracted to one another through electrostatic interactions. Elements belonging to the first two groups of the Periodic Table have only one or two electrons in their outermost electronic shell, and thus only need to lose one or two electrons to ‘expose’ a complete electronic shell of lower energy.

neg: How Are Atoms in a Compound Held Together? A sharing, accepting or donation of electrons hold atoms together in a compound. Some atoms have no electrons to share or donate easily; these atoms do not readily react. Two common types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent. In ionic bonding, one atom gives up electrons while the other accepts them.

neg: Ionic Bonds: Why and How Ions Are Formed Ionic bonding is the type of bonding that holds salts together. To better understand why and how ions — atoms that have a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons — are formed, you can study what happens during the chemical reaction to create salt. The components: sodium and chlorine The process of […]

neg: - The force that holds two ions together in an ionic bond is an  electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.In ionic  bonding, there is a large electronegativit … y difference between the  metal cation and nonmetal anion bonding. Answered. In Elements and Compounds.ovalent bonding is a shared electron pairing of electrons from a non-metal and a metal. For the sake of your chemistry professor's sani … ty please memorize the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. In fact just memeorize the periodic table.

neg: - The atoms in a molecule are held together are held together by covalent bonding. Covalent Bond  A chemical bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons. Consider a hydrogen molecule, H2: Each atom has 1 electron in the 1s shell, to fill up the 1s shell each atom would like to have 2 electrons, 1  Neither atom is willing to give up its electron to the other atom, 2  The compromise solution is to share the electrons by overlapping 1s orbitals. 3  We will discuss this further in chapter 9.

neg: Organic Chemistry: Covalent Bonding Ionic bonds hold atoms together through electrostatic forces. Covalent bonds operate through an entirely different means: the sharing of electrons. By sharing electrons, two atoms can mutually complete their valence shells to become more stable.

neg: What holds atoms together? [duplicate] So the short answer to your first question is: Molecular orbitals hold atoms together in covalent bonds, and those are a result of electrostatic interactions and the quantum nature of electrons..

neg: Types of Bonds...Ionic, Covalent The positive nucleus of both atoms have an equal attraction for the electrons being shared. The shared electrons spend most of their time between the 2 atoms. It is this attraction between the nucleus and the shared electrons that holds the atoms together. Properties/characteristics of COVALENT BONDS

neg: Ionic compound Ions in ionic compounds are primarily held together by the electrostatic forces between the charge distribution of these bodies, and in particular the ionic bond resulting from the long-ranged Coulomb attraction between the net charge on anions and cations.ons in ionic compounds are primarily held together by the electrostatic forces between the charge distribution of these bodies, and in particular the ionic bond resulting from the long-ranged Coulomb attraction between the net charge on anions and cations.

neg: What is ionic bonding? An ionic bond is a chemical bond where two atoms of opposite charges attract each other to form a bond. A positive ion is called a cation and a negative one is an anion. They …come together to share electrons.

neg: What type bond is responsible for holding one water molecule to another water molecule? What type of bond holds water molecules together? Hydrogen is linked by a covalent bond to an atom of oxygen. The covalent bonds are polar, as the oxygen atoms have a slight negative charge.

neg: Cultural Anthropology/Introduction Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings as social organisms interacting with each other in their environment, and cultural aspects of life. It is a scholarly discipline that aims to describe in the broadest possible sense what it means to be human. Anthropologists are interested in comparison.


query: what is the poem under the statue of liberty

pos: - The plaque at the base of the Statue of Liberty reads: Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. These lines are from the poem The New Colossus, written by Emma Lazarus in 1883. There is also a plaque with this same quote at the Statue of Liberty Museum.

neg: Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with ...

neg: She Walks in Beauty: A Woman's Journey Through Poems Preview — She Walks in Beauty by Caroline Kennedy. She Walks in Beauty: A Woman's Journey Through Poems. In She Walks in Beauty, Caroline Kennedy has once again marshaled the gifts of our greatest poets to pay a very personal tribute to the human experience, this time to the complex and fascinating subject of womanhood.

neg: How tall is the Statue of Liberty? In the early 1900s and after Lazarus’ death, one of her friends began a campaign to memorialize Lazarus and her New Colossus sonnet. The effort was a success, and a plaque with the poem’s text was mounted inside the pedestal of the statute. Statue of Liberty Poem.

neg: Statue of Liberty (1870-86) the World Fair in Paris, 1878. Liberty Island, New York Harbour. Architecture Glossary. The Statue of Liberty is a monumental sculpture located on Liberty Island, Upper New York Bay, south of Ellis Island, in New York City. The statue, which is 305 feet tall (93 m), was designed by French sculptor Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904) as a gift to the United States from the people of France.

neg: âThe New Colossusâ by Emma Lazarus The Statue of Liberty Poem. “The New Colossus” by Emma Lazarus. Between 1820 and 1920, approximately 34 million persons immigrated to the United States, three-fourths of them staying permanently. For many of these newcomers, their first glimpse of America was the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor.

neg: Statue of Liberty The sculptor was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi; Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, engineered the internal supporting structure. The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the U.S. worldwide; in a more general sense, the statue represents liberty and escape from oppression. It is also a favored symbol of libertarians.       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty  . 18 people found this useful.

neg: A Short Analysis of Emma Lazarusâ âThe New Colossusâ A summary of a classic American poem. Emma Lazarus is most famous for writing this one poem, ‘The New Colossus’, which adorns the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. Written in 1883, the poem helped to shape the popular idea of the Statue of Liberty as a welcoming mother, and of America as the great nation of immigrants.

neg: 'Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor': The Story Behind the Statue of Libertyâs Famous Immigration Poem Jan 28, 2017. 1  In the wake of President Donald Trump's executive order on immigration Friday, many critics quickly took up a familiar rallying cry, lifting words from the Statue of Liberty that have for decades represented American immigration: Give me your tired, your poor / Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free..

neg: Statue of Liberty Poem The Statue of Liberty poem is actually a sonnet by Lazarus written to raise money for the building of the base and is now engraved on a bronze plaque and contained inside of the Statue of Liberty.

neg: How tall is the Statue of Liberty? Since Lazarus’ poem was mounted on a plaque, it is not actually inscribed on the Statue of Liberty. The only Statue of Liberty inscription can be found on the tablet in her left hand, which says JULY IV MDCCLXXVI (July 4, 1776), the day the United States adopted the Declaration of Independence. © 2009 How Tall Is The Statue Of Liberty - Contact

neg: She Wrote a Nationâs Welcome Emma Lazarus is mostly known for her Statue of Liberty poem, but the exhibition at the Museum of Jewish Heritage shows how her life led her to those words. Credit Richard Perry/The New York Times.

neg: âThe Summer Dayâ by Mary Oliver Poetry 180: A Poem a Day for American High Schools, Hosted by Billy Collins, U.S. Poet Laureate, 2001-2003 This grasshopper, I mean- the one who has flung herself out of the grass, the one who is eating sugar out of my hand, who is moving her jaws back and forth instead of up and down- who is gazing around with her enormous and complicated eyes. Now she lifts her pale forearms and thoroughly washes her face.

neg: Statue of Liberty For other uses, see Statue of Liberty (disambiguation). The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States.

neg: - A national monument of New Jersey and New York, the Statue of Liberty is arguably America's greatest symbol of freedom and opportunity. Located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, the statue commemorates the friendship between the United States and France that began during the American Revolution. Her official name is Liberty Enlightening the World.. The statue - also known as Lady Liberty - has many symbolic features.

neg: - Literature of the Americas-Oakland Campus: Statue of Liberty. A guide to assist with resources for assignments in ENGLIT 0573: Literature of the Americas with Dr. Shalini Puri.

neg: Statue of Liberty The statue is a replica of the original Statue of Liberty and stands outside the New York New York Hotel. The replica is 150 feet tall from the ground to the top of the torch, including the pedestal. By comparison, the real Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor is 151 feet tall without its pedestal or foundation. The designers hoped to make a one-third scale replica of the original statue, but it proved impractical.

neg: Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey on Romanticism Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey is a poem by William Wordsworth that has a strong, central theme of romanticism. Wordsworth was the pioneer poet in the field of literary philosophy which is now called romanticism. This poem reflects a romantic theme in two main ways.

neg: - Today visitors have access to the Statue’s pedestal observation deck a, promenade, museum, the area of Ft. Hood and Ellis Island. The Emma Lazarus poem, “The New Colossus” was written for the Statue of Liberty and engraved on a bronze plaque in 1903, 20 years after it was written.

neg: How the Statue of Liberty Became a Symbol of Immigration The Statue of Liberty really became a symbol of immigration because of a poem written in honor of the statue, The New Colossus, a sonnet by Emma Lazarus. The sonnet was generally forgotten not long after it was written.

neg: - Search our extensive curated collection of over 7,000 poems by occasion, theme, and form, or search by keyword or poet's name in the field below. And take a look at the fifty poems we commissioned to celebrate the National Park Service Centennial in 2016, as part of the Imagine Our Parks with Poems project.

neg: Emma Lazarus After the auction, the sonnet appeared in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World as well as The New York Times. She died in New York City on November 19, 1887, most likely from Hodgkin's lymphoma and was buried in Brooklyn. National Park Service, Statue of Liberty NM. Born on July 22, 1849 in New York City to a wealthy sugar refining family of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish descent, Emma Lazarus was the poet who wrote The New Colossus.. Aside from writing, Lazarus was also involved in charitable work for refugees.

neg: "Emma Lazarus, ""The New Colossus"" (1883)" In fact, Lazarus' sonnet to the Statue of Liberty was hardly noticed until after her death, when a patron of the New York arts found it tucked into a small portfolio of poems written in 1883 to raise money for the construction of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal.

neg: 1865 - 1886 Construction on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty on Bedloe’s Island. National Park Service, Statue of Liberty NM. An illustration of the “rise” of the Statue of Liberty from Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, October 17, 1885.

neg: Rare Photos of the Statue of Liberty Being Built in 1883 Drawing of the Statue of Liberty in Upper New York Bay. Designed by Frédéric Bartholdi in collaboration with the French engineer Gustave Eiffel (who was responsible for its frame) and dedicated on October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty is a large neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. The statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The project was a joint effort between the French and American peoples. The French would provide the statue while the Americans would provide the site and build the pedestal. The Statue of Liberty stands at a height of 151 feet 1 inch (46 meters).


query: cost of heart monitor

pos: Heart Rate Monitor Cost 1 There are various types of heart rate monitors. 2  The most common type features a strap, worn around the chest, and a watch, which displays the heart rate. 3  This type of monitor costs between $30 and $470. Heart rate monitors and the included watches need batteries to operate. 2  The batteries required will vary depending upon the brand of the device. 3  Batteries typically cost less than $10. 4  Expert opinions vary on how to best optimize training using a heart rate monitor.

neg: - It’s packed with the same interactive features offered by ADT’s Pulse “Select” system. Our interactive monitoring costs $24.99/month. We were curious to see how that compared to ADT’s pricing for the same service.

neg: Bermuda Introduction: welcome to our Islands! 1 The average EKG cost will be anywhere from $800 to as much as $2,000 without any type of insurance. 2  The nationwide average is around $800. 3  If you have health insurance, you will only be responsible for your co-pays or deductibles. Depending on the condition, each blood work test could cost $200 or more. 2  Technician fees can be considered an additional expense depending on the hospital. 3  This fee can range anywhere from $10 to $50.

neg: - Electrodes are placed on several spots on the body and these electrical impulses will result in lines on pieces of paper or the computer screen. An EKG is a painless procedure that takes less than 30 minutes to process. Depending on the condition, each blood work test could cost $200 or more. 2  Technician fees can be considered an additional expense depending on the hospital. 3  This fee can range anywhere from $10 to $50.

neg: Heart rate monitors and weight loss One of the most popular brands of heart rate monitors in Australia is Polar. If weight loss is your goal and you just want a heart rate monitor to keep you in the fat burning zone, a basic fitness model retailing for around $150.00 should suit you.For those of us who would like more than just the basic features, other Polar fitness models with lots features cost between $200 and $300.ne of the most popular brands of heart rate monitors in Australia is Polar. If weight loss is your goal and you just want a heart rate monitor to keep you in the fat burning zone, a basic fitness model retailing for around $150.00 should suit you.

neg: - For INR testing, only a small amount of blood needs to be applied to a test strip (for CoaguChek®XS and INRatio®), only one small to large blood drop. Prices for the machines are roughly between $1,500 and $2,500, and prices for one test strip, i.e. for one INR test, $7.00 – $18.00.

neg: ADT Pulse Overview for Cost and Features There are three levels of ADT Pulse monitoring. The monthly cost is $49.99 for basic, $53.99 for two way voice, and $59.99 a month for advanced (Cameras, lights, thermostats, and door locks). The upfront costs start between $99 and $299 but can increase if you add more protection, home automation devices, or cameras.

neg: 7 Heart Tests That Could Save Your Life How It Works: This test is an improvement over the standard stress test because it adds an ultrasound both before and after exercise to evaluate blood flow to your heart's pumping chambers and check for blockages in the arteries that supply the heart. Cost: $850 to $1,600; Duration: 45 minutes

neg: how much does it cost to see a vet cardiologist I would imagine, $70-100 to get in the door. X-rays of the chest, if needed, will be cheaper at your regular vet. A heart ultrasound (echocardiogram) can easily be $350-$500. However, if it is a soft murmur, an ultrasound may not even be needed.I would expect up to $100 for the office visit.Feel free to use this link and call some cardiology offices, and see what they quote in your area. Dr. Andy. would imagine, $70-100 to get in the door. X-rays of the chest, if needed, will be cheaper at your regular vet. A heart ultrasound (echocardiogram) can easily be $350-$500. However, if it is a soft murmur, an ultrasound may not even be needed.

neg: How much does a Trackman launch monitor cost? It comes in at 4 lbs and has a simulator component, too. It can also read putting data. Depending on accessories you purchase, it can run anywhere from $6,000 to $12,000. Flightscope makes a variety of launch monitor products, with prices ranging from $2,500 to $12,000. They can accommodate limited numbers that would help clubfitters to full-blown units that compete with Trackman.

neg: - 1 Generally, echoes in the U.S. may cost $800 to $2,000 depending on what’s covered. 2  An Echocardiogram is frequently coalesced with Doppler ultrasounds and the color Doppler to evaluate the blood flow across the heart’s valves. 3  An Echo with a Doppler will usually cost $500 – $800 extra. A transthoracic echocardiogram will range from $1,000 to $1,500. 2  Depending on the geographical location, the costs can vary as well. 3  San Francisco hospitals have an average of $2,100 while a hospital in Seattle has an average of $1,500.

neg: Higher Fast-Food Wages: Higher Fast-Food Prices (See Chart 1.) This model accounts for the sales that fast-food restaurants lose when they raise prices. (See the appendix for details of this model.) Chart 2 shows the effects of a $15-an-hour minimum wage on the fast-food industry.The higher labor costs would initially force fast-food restaurants to raise their prices by 15 percent, which would drive down sales by 14 percent.nion activists want to raise the minimum wage in the fast-food industry to $15 an hour. However, fast-food restaurants operate on very small profit margins; they could only afford such wages by raising prices—significantly.

neg: Echocardiograms for Heart Valve Disease An echocardiogram can cost you a lot. A standard echocardiogram can cost $1,000 to $2,000, and a TEE can cost $2,000 or more, according to costhelper.com. If you do not have health insurance, you may have to pay the whole cost yourself. And even if you have insurance, you usually have a co-pay. This can be as much as half the cost of the test.

neg: Electrocardiogram The average cost of a routine ECG is between $150 and $200. An exercise stress test is more expensive, and averages between $250 and $300.An echocardiogram costs on average about $1400.All these costs should include the test itself and the cost of the technician's reading and interpretation of the results.he test is sometimes called an EKG, electrocardiography and a 12-lead EKG/ECG (because the heart's electricity activity is monitored in 12 parts of the body). The printout after the test shows a graph of the electrical activity and rhythm of each heartbeat over the time of the test.

neg: Stress Tests for Chest Pain An imaging stress test costs between $500 and $2,000, compared with $200 to $300 for an ECG treadmill test. Since imaging tests can provide more information, they may be worth it. But money spent on inappropriate tests is money wasted, especially when they lead to more unnecessary tests and further expense.

neg: - A cardiac catheterization procedure, depending on location, may range in price between $2,400 and $4,000 in the United States. This is a relatively quick test, which takes between two and three hours to complete, and can be utilized on an outpatient as well as in-hospital procedure.

neg: How Much Does a Canine Echocardiogram Cost? The test is not used to find lung abnormalities, as it will only focus on the heart. The average costs of an echocardiogram are between $250 and $350, but you may expect to pay even more in certain geographical areas.You should also know that this is the cost of the actual procedure and doesn’t cover the veterinarian examination.he costs of the echocardiogram test will be influenced by several factors including: 1  Your geographical location – if you live in certain metropolitan areas such as New York, the cost may be higher.

neg: How Much Does Heart Stent Cost Average Heart Stent Price To understand the heart stent price, you should know the average angioplasty stent cost. According to Medigo.com, that is about $28,000 to $30,000.

neg: Holter Monitor A Holter monitor is a battery-operated portable device that measures and records your heart’s activity (ECG) continuously for 24 to 48 hours or longer depending on the type of monitoring used. The device is the size of a small camera. It has wires with silver dollar-sized electrodes that attach to your skin.

neg: EKG Cost 1 Typically, there are two costs associated with an EKG -- the cost of the procedure itself and the cost of the analysis of the readout. 2  Patients with medical insurance that covers a portion of the cost of the EKG, can expect to pay $30-$100 in copays for both the test and the analysis of the test. Health insurance may cover some or all of the cost of the EKG. 2  Generally, insurance will cover 80%-100% of EKG testing. 3  Contact an insurance provider for coverage specifics. 4  Some school athletic programs give student athletes EKGs to test heart health.

neg: Measure Your Resting Heart Rate Cardiovascular exercise raises your heart rate in that 55% - 85% range discussed above. You can do this by walking, running, swimming, hiking, or using cardio equipment at the gym. You can measure your pulse manually or buy a heart rate monitor to determine your workout intensity. Heart rate monitors start at $50 and can be as much as $250, if you want added features like GPS and running map abilities. Check out the Gifts for Runners page for product ideas, if interested.

neg: - 1 Health insurance may cover some or all of the cost of the stress test. 2  Typically, insurance carriers cover 80%-100% of the costs. 3  Contact an insurance provider for coverage specifics. 4  Some physicians and hospitals offer discounts of up to 35% to patients who do not have health insurance. Uninsured patients will likely pay $1,000-$5,000 for stress test and the analysis. 2  A cardiovascular stress test costs about $3,800 on average nationally, according to NewChoiceHealth.com, but can get as high as $10,900.

neg: - An echo stress test is a combination of the standard ekg stress test and two echocardiograms ... one before exercise and one immediately after.An echo usually costs $250-500, so you could expect this total test to be in the $750 to $1000 or more depending on how much imaging is done and how much interpretation is done.hat is the average cost of a stress test for the heary by Guest. By entering this site you declare you are 18 or older, you read and agreed to its Terms, Rules & Privacy and you understand that your use of the site's content is made at your own risk and responsibility.

neg: - 1 On average, a Holter monitor test can cost anywhere from $300 to as much as $1,200 for the test without any sort of insurance. 2  If you do have a health insurance policy, you will be responsible for your co-pays and deductibles.otably, it will also review the palpitations of the heart of the patient as well as evaluate the needed treatments the patient has to go through. 1  On average, a Holter monitor test can cost anywhere from $300 to as much as $1,200 for the test without any sort of insurance.

neg: Stress Test Cost 1 A cardiovascular stress test costs about $3,800 on average nationally, according to NewChoiceHealth.com, but can get as high as $10,900. 2  Prices range based on geographical location, with urban, metropolitan areas charging higher prices than rural areas. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, a Massachusetts based health care provider, charges its members $270-$379 for the test itself and an additional $24-$39 for an interpretation of the test. 2  Uninsured patients will likely pay $1,000-$5,000 for stress test and the analysis.


query: how long does cast iron drain pipe last

pos: - The average lifespan of cast iron drain/sewer pipe is 50 to 65 years. It is easily recognized by the thickened female “hub” at each pipe segment connection. Rust eventually eats through cast iron, primarily from the inside out, as shown in the photo below. Because corrosion is accelerated by moisture, pipe with light effluent flow and installed in a dry environment can survive 20 to 30 years longer.

neg: Frequently Asked Questions With proper use and maintenance our cast iron and cast aluminum chimineas will last for many years. We believe there are too many products on the market today that are designed for a throw-away society. Mass marketed chiminea designs and fire pits do not have the durability or longevity of a Blue Rooster chiminea. cast iron or cast aluminum chiminea is always going to be a better investment that will last many years after a clay one falls apart. The majority of clay fireplaces have a life span of less then a year before needing to be replaced. We recommend metal chimineas to anyone considering purchasing a chiminea.

neg: Plumbing parts: How long before they need replacing? Cast Iron: The NACHI chart rates cast iron waste pipe at from 50 to 60 years, though it can last longer -- the NAHB says cast-iron systems can last up to 100 years, but there is a lot of anecdotal information from plumbers about cast iron being ruined in under 40 years. Cast iron will rust from the inside out.

neg: - 50-100 Years. 1  Slate, copper, and clay and concrete roofs: 50+ years. 2  Copper gutters: 50+ years. 3  Kitchen cabinets: Up to 50 years.  Modified acrylic kitchen sinks: 50 1  years. Vinyl floors: 50 years.

neg: How long does underground plumbing last? The life expectancy of underground plumbing in average situations is approximately 25 years. The wall fittings, which include skimmer and returns is generally less than that due to the harsh chemical content most pools get subjected to.

neg: - Save. Building a septic drain field is time-consuming but pays off in the long run. Septic tanks last from 15 to 30 years. Unfortunately, drain fields, also known as leach fields, do not last that long. If placed in an area with good ground absorption, a drain field can last up to 10 years.lace the perforated pipe into the trench on top of the gravel and, using a clamp, attach the pipe to the septic tank drain. Place another half-inch of gravel on top of the perforated pipe and some along the sides of the pipe. Place the thin cloth over the gravel to prevent loose dirt from getting into the rocks.

neg: - But each component of a house has its own life expectancy that is reasonably well-defined. Plumbing pipe, for example, lasts anywhere from 40 to 80 years depending on the type of pipe used. Stucco is good for about 60 years, an air conditioning system’s estimated life is 15 to 20 years, and brick can still be in good shape for up to 100 years or more.

neg: Reasonable cost to replace drain line? 07-15-2008, 12:23 AM. We had our drain pipe snaked (again) and were told the 45 year-old 2 cast iron part of the run really needs to be replaced, as it is severely blocked and starting to leak in places. I'm wondering what a reasonable price might be to have this done.

neg: - To completely replace an existing cast iron soil vent or stack with a plastic one (connected to the one WC only), re connected underground and made good internally will take. 2 men 2 days……..£600, materials and tower and tipping……..£375, ……….. £975.00. Job 3.

neg: Types of Plumbing Pipes and Their Lifespans Get the Lead Out. Lead pipes, used in the early 1900s, have a life expectancy of 100 years, but they can leach lead into your drinking water, a potential health hazard. Lead pipes are typically dull gray and the surface of the pipe can be easily scratched with a knife or key.

neg: - He was so sure that it was impossible, he agreed to offer up his new basketball as a target. Rummaging in his garage, we found a short length of 3/4 black iron water pipe - about 9 long. We didn't find a threaded pipe cap, so I had to drive a dowel into one end of the pipe for a breech block. I strengthened it with a wrap of ...

neg: - [news]. Within a week or two of having my cast iron chiminea, it started rusting. When it got bad after a few months, I wire-brushed it down and sprayed it with an exhaust manifold paint from Halfrauds. I gave it several coats, and it looked lovely, for about two weeks.Then it started rusting through the paint again.ithin a week or two of having my cast iron chiminea, it started rusting. When it got bad after a few months, I wire-brushed it down and sprayed it with an exhaust manifold paint from Halfrauds.

neg: Understanding Your Drain-Waste-Vent System Branch drainpipes of smaller diameter -- typically 1-1/2 or 2 inches -- carry water from specific fixtures to a stack. Drain stacks in older homes are often made of cast iron, which rusts through after 80 years or so.

neg: Grill Grates--what is the best surface? DeeAgeaux Apr 1, 2010 Porcelain coated cast iron is the best to cook on and will last about 10 years of moderate use,say 1-2 times per week. Stainless... Porcelain coated cast iron is the best to cook on and will last about 10 years of moderate use,say 1-2 times per week. Stainless rods are best for durability but not for grilling. A good set will last longer than you want to keep the grill.

neg: - “But a single leak is not a reason to replace the whole system,” according to James. “One leak just needs to be repaired. More than one leak and its time to replace the piping.”. •Galvanized steel pipe, like in the photo above, has an average lifespan of 40 to 50 years, although it can sometimes last much longer.

neg: - 18 welded flanged ductile iron pipes (K9)* (centrifugally cast pipes) * These pipes can be supplied in all lengths between 0.3 m and 5.9 m, where intergrally cast pipe max. length is 2.5 m Above pipes can be supplied with different lengths, also one or more puddles can be made.

neg: - killer2021 Silver Member Silver Miner Joined: Mar 31, 2010. Messages: 700. Likes Received: 271. Trophy Points: 63. I am working on a project and i need to know how long pvc pipe will last when exposed to the elements above ground. Mainly hot, cold, rain, mild winds etc. Is 10 years a good estimate for pvc pipe?

neg: - Your Title 5 Inspection is good for 2 years. However, the inspection will be valid for three years if you have septic pumping service each year on or before the anniversary date of your septic system inspection. leaching field is a series of pipes (usually 20 to 40 feet long) that extend out from your distribution box. These pipes have small holes along the sides that leach out grey water from your septic system.

neg: Drain Line Breakage Repair Costs Drain Pipe Repair Cost. The home's drain line, sewer connections and plumbing system are as old as the home itself. In some homes, this could mean that the pipes are 50 to 100 years old. Constant exposure to water, freeze and thaw cycles, and other forces of nature cause these pipes to rust and wear out over time. As such, repairs to all three systems do come up every so often. The average drain pipe repair cost is $549 with most homeowners spending between $500 and $1,150.

neg: - Building a septic drain field is time-consuming but pays off in the long run. Septic tanks last from 15 to 30 years. Unfortunately, drain fields, also known as leach fields, do not last that long. If placed in an area with good ground absorption, a drain field can last up to 10 years.lace the perforated pipe into the trench on top of the gravel and, using a clamp, attach the pipe to the septic tank drain. Place another half-inch of gravel on top of the perforated pipe and some along the sides of the pipe. Place the thin cloth over the gravel to prevent loose dirt from getting into the rocks.

neg: Why is the life of copper pipes 50 yrs? what happens after that? Next. they say that copper pipes never rust, they say that copper pipes don't get the mineral build up that you see in iron pipes, so then why is the life expectancy for my copper pipes 50 yrs. what will happen after those fifty years. when comes time to change out my pipes (however long that may be) what would be...

neg: The history and problems of cast iron sewers pipes. A good quality cast iron pipe, installed under ideal conditions, has a life expectancy of 75 – 100 years, and possibly even more. Cast iron does rust but when it does the rust actually forms a barrier layer over the remainder of the pipe which helps protect it from further rusting. Since most cast iron pipes were thick walled to begin with even with some rusting inside they can handle the lower pressures of waste water disposal quite well and last a long time. Cast iron also provides many other benefits in home waste systems that still makes it a good choice for homes.

neg: Steam trap 1 Mechanical traps operate in direct relationship to condensate levels present in the body of the steam trap. 2  Mechanical steam traps have a typical service of life of 3 years. 3  Inverted bucket and float traps are examples of mechanical traps., the center view, Fig. 2, shows the cardinal feature of this trap, that it contains a collector for silt, sand, or sediment which is not, as in most other traps of the time, carried out through the valve with the efflux of water.

neg: What sizes of DWV pipe are commonly used for (very) small residential homes? The other drain pipe consists of about 32' of galvanized steel pipe. The main drain line is (unvented) 1 1/2 pipe from the kitchen sink's trap to outlet to the septic. The path is ~6' from the trap to a T with a plug on one end. The other end of the T runs ~13' to reach the outlet to the septic. The bathtub drain has a straight run of about 5' of 1 1/2 pipe into another T into the 1 1/2 to the septic outlet. About 8' feet of 1 1/4 pipe is used to connect the bathroom sink to the 1 1/2 pipe.

neg: Should I Replace My Copper Pipes with PEX? Dear Mark: If you haven’t yet, it could be worth it to first check with a qualified plumber to see if the pin holes in your existing pipes can be repaired. If so, you could get another 23 years out of your copper pipes and spare the cost to replace plumbing. If it’s a small area that’s leaking, you could just replace that section with either PEX or copper. Both types are interchangeable.